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1
Barcelos, Silvia Mara Bortoloto Damasceno, Rodrigo Salvador, Maria da Graça Guedes, and Antonio Carlos de Francisco. "Opportunities for Improving the Environmental Profile of Silk Cocoon Production under Brazilian Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 3214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083214.
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Brazilian silk production is amongst the five largest in the world. Nonetheless, there is no life cycle assessment study on silk cocoon production and its upstream processes, pertaining to the mulberry production (fundamental upstream process for silk production), in the existing literature. The objective of this study was to identify opportunities to improve the environmental profile of mulberry and silk cocoon production under Brazilian conditions. To that end, a life cycle assessment was conducted for the core processes of mulberry and silk cocoon production and upstream processes of raw material production, using the ReCiPe method for life cycle impact assessment using nine impact categories. Overall, the mulberry production showed greater impacts than the cocoon production for the impact categories analyzed. A few opportunities for improving the environmental profile of mulberry and silk cocoon production under Brazilian conditions included replacing the Kraft paper used to cover the rearing beds, replacing the standard tractor used to fetch mulberry leaves, replacing light bulbs, conducting a more sustainable mulberry and cocoon production, and setting a reverse logistics system for plastic and paper packaging waste. Nevertheless, many of these measures are long-term strategies. Besides, many of them need further economic feasibility assessment.
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Maimoona Kanwal, Waqar Younus, and Mubashar Hussain. "An Insight into Genomics of Mulberry Silkworm." Scientific Inquiry and Review 3, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 08–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir.32.02.
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The purpose of this article is to review the genetic basis of mulberry silkworm to understand the mystery of silk production and the silkworm’s role as a model organism. Data regarding mulberry silkworm’s genetic diversity, genetic bases of silk production, gene mapping and chromosomal properties was reviewed. Findings illustrated that genetic variability exists among mulberry silkworms of different geographical regions. Hence, it acts as an indicator of the genetic bases of silk production since it is higher in males, although sex is primarily determined by females. Studies have revealed that chromosomes in mulberry silkworm are holocentric and gene mapping provides an insight into the accurate location of silk genes on chromosomes. It is concluded that the genetic study of silkworm is useful due to its commercial and economic significance and it is the crucial need of sericulture industry to enhance its output by collecting information about superior silkworm breeds. Hence, further research should be carried out to explore the hidden facts about mulberry silkworm.
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Manjunatha, G. R., P. A. Sangannavar, G. R. Halagundegowda, A. S. Nazeer, S. M. Moorthy, and V. Sivaprasad. "Comparative economics of vanya with mulberry cocoon production in India." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 3(SI) (June 3, 2023): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-01.
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Aim: To compare the remunerativeness of Mulberry, Tasar, Eri and Muga based sericulture enterprises. Methodology: An empirical analysis was undertaken to compare the economics of mulberry and non-mulberry cocoon production in India, utilizing the available data from Central Silk Board using descriptive statistics and suitable ratios. Results: The study indicated that returns per rupee of investment in Mulberry (1.66), Tasar (1.60), Eri (1.88) and Muga (2.07) were higher compared to agriculture crop enterprises (National Silk Policy-2020), besides being of short duration with frequent assured income at least for three to six times in a year. Interpretation: The Mulberry and Eri silkworm cocoon production is highly remunerative enterprise and attracts the youths, because of its domesticated nature, short duration and women friendly enterprise. Key words: Cocoon production, Economics, Eco-friendly, Mulberry, Sericulture enterprises, Vanya
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Madhu, D. M., Shaik Mohammad Irfan, Satya Prakash, D. K. Sinha, and K. M. Singh. "Value Chain Analysis of Cocoons, Constraints faced by women in Production and Marketing of Mulberry Silk in Chikkaballapur District of Karnataka, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 5 (April 10, 2023): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i51898.
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The present study was carried out in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka to assess the marketing costs, value chain of cocoons and constraints faced by women in production and marketing of mulberry silk in the year 2021. The study adopted multistage random sampling for the selection of farmers and intermediaries, 90 and 50 respectively. The marketing costs are calculated for one quintal of cocoons among the stratified farmers. The marketing cost incurred was estimated to be Rs 980.78, amongst which the largest share was observed higher for marketing fee accounted 40.89 per cent, followed by packing material accounting 20.72 per cent. The producer’s share in consumer’s rupee was accounted to 34.28 per cent. The process of cocoons, the marketing costs and margins shown that the silk weavers purchased coloured weft from the silk twisters which accounts highest share of 42 per cent of the total cost of consumer’s price. The major constraints faced by women in mulberry cultivation was water scarcity etc. Constraints encountered in cocoon production was mainly pest and disease of mulberry silkworms. Constraints encountered in marketing of mulberry silk cocoons majorly was high price fluctuations in the market followed by the absence of quality based pricing. The constraints faced by reelers in mulberry silk production are high investment cost and high price fluctuations was observed in marketing of silk.
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Chatterjee, Abhirupa, and Sangyu Yaden. "Role of Silk as a Remunerative Cash Crop of Murshidabad, West Bengal." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1108.031.
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Silk, the "Queen of Textiles" is an inseparable part of Indian culture and tradition over thousands of year. The internal high market demand makes India, the largest silk consuming country as no ritual is completed here without it, and the second largest silk producing country of the world with more than 18% to the world’s silk production. Being an agro-based industry, this sector includes both agricultural and industrial aspects and thus refers to the work started from mulberry cultivation, silk worm rearing, and obtaining silk up to the making of finished silk product. Indian climate is appropriate for the production of all the varieties of silk called Mulberry, Tasar, Muga and Eri and among these Mulberry silk is the most renowned and popular form of silk. This industry helps in shaping the economic destiny of the rural people especially for the overpopulated rural economy based country like India as it mainly depends on human power and helps in poverty alleviation whereas, being retreated from the developed countries because of the increasing labour cost. It is appropriate for both marginal and small scale land holders because of its low investment and high assured return at regular interval. In West Bengal, Silk industry plays a significant economic role by providing employment over 1.2lakhs rural families round the year (Seri States Profile, 2019). The district Murshidabad of West Bengal is well equipped in both the production and weaving of mulberry silk and so as a matter of fact the silk industry of the state mainly goes by the name of ‘Murshidabad Silk’ as the silk weaving belts are confined around this district. This paper intends to analyse the importance of silk as a remunerative cash crop of Murshidabad.
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Ram Sudha S., Vasanthi K., S. Arumugavel. "Growth And Dietary Efficiency of Artificial Nutrients Fortification of Bombyx Mori (L)." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2023): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.149.
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Sericulture has been serving the humanity by providing natural animal silk for several centuries. The quality as well as the quantity of mulberry leaves along with environmental factors have a direct influence on the production of raw silk spun by Bombyx mori L. Larvae before pupation in the form of cocoons. Study on the nutritional aspect of the silkworm is an essential prerequisite for its proper commercial exploitation. Silkworm nutrition is the sole factor which has almost individually augmented the quality and quantity of the silkworm cocoon production and productivity. Despite the balancing of the silkworm nutrients by the mulberry leaf, the quantity available is not sufficient for the larval growth owing to variation in mulberry plant and in its management. This created a requirement for the dietary fortification with good quality mulberry leaves in optimum quantity for successful cocoon production. In this study, mulberry leaves were fortified with Honey, Glucose, B- complex, Lemon and Calciferol and the growth and dietary efficiency of the larvae fed with the fortified diet were evaluated. The results indicated improvement in terms of growth as well as cocoon parameters. Our studies support the concept of dietary fortification the Mulberry leaves fed to silkworm for netter production of silk.
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Fambayun, R. A., R. Agustarini, and L. Andadari. "Cultivation and Breeding Techniques for Increase Silk Productivity in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 995, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/995/1/012055.
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Abstract Silk is one of the textile products derived from plant fibres and is a sericulture product. Sericulture activities have a positive impact on the economy and society, as well as environmental sustainability. The many benefits of sericulture have made the Ministry of Environment and Forestry define silk as one of the potential non-timber forest products to be developed. However, there are many obstacles in developing sericulture, especially upstream (moriculture and silkworm rearing), namely low productivity. Forestry Research and Development Center is one of the stakeholders in silk development. This paper reviews the activities carried out by FRDC related to natural silk, both the development of mulberry and silkworms. The three activities carried out include research on cultivation techniques, conservation and breeding of mulberry plants and silkworms. Increased productivity is obtained by crossing or hybridization to get superior seeds. The superior products produced are Suli 01 mulberry seeds, PS 01 silkworm hybrids, and sericulture development techniques with high productivity. The Suli 01 mulberry hybrid had 30% more leaf production than conventional mulberry (M. cathayana), and the PS 01 silkworm hybrid increased cocoon production per box by 40% compared to the commonly used C301 silkworm.
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Ghosh, Ashmita, Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay, and Tanmay Chowdhury. "Economical and Environmental Importance of Mulberry: A Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 3, no. 02 (July 31, 2017): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v3i02.10437.
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Mulberry is a very hardy and fast growing perennial plant belonging to the genus Morus of the family Moraceae. The leaf of mulberry is solely used for feeding and rearing of the silkworm, Bombyx mori for the production of silk yarn. It is estimated that mulberry silk contributes around 90 % of the total global raw silk production and it is a very attractive economic activities mostly to the rural people. In addition to the utilization of mulberry leaves as silkworm feed, it is being used for many other purposes also. For example, the mulberry fruit due to its high nutritive value and delicious taste is getting importance as valuable foodstuff. The mulberry bark and wood are also useful for manufacturing of paper and sports goods items. Recently, evaluation of several pharmacological compounds of medicinal importance present in mulberry plant opens up new avenues of research in the medical science. This paper reviews the economical as well as environmental importance of mulberry taking into account several aspects of its role as animal feed, foodstuff, phytomedicine and remediation of polluted soils and atmosphere etc. Finally, an outline of environmental friendly ecological model combining sericulture with animal husbandry recycling the waste resources has been proposed from economic point of view.
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Zanier, Claudio. "Silk Cultivatiom in Italy." Journal of Medieval Worlds 1, no. 4 (2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jmw.2019.1.4.41.
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Silk cultivation in Italy started in the eleventh century CE. Initially, silkworms were cultivated using only indigenous black mulberry trees. For several centuries following, manufacturers in Italian towns manufactured luxury silk fabrics utilizing only imported foreign silk threads. In the fifteenth century, however, the practice of cultivating non-native white mulberry trees made its way from China to Italy. Due to the better quality of their leaves, this facilitated the production of domestic Italian silk threads for use in the manufacture of luxury products. Rural silk cultivation then expanded sharply.
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Bu, Chunlan, Rui Zheng, Gaiqun Huang, Jianmei Wu, Gang Liu, Marion L. Donald, Tingfa Dong, and Xiao Xu. "The differences in cocoon and silk qualities among sex-related mulberry and silkworm feeding groups." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): e0270021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270021.
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Sexual dimorphism is seen in many dioecious plant and animal species, which may influence their trophic interactions. The differences in trophic interactions derived from sexual dimorphism in plants may influence herbivorous performance and population dynamics. Both silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) and mulberry (Morus alba L.) usually exhibit sexual dimorphism. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of sex-related silkworm and mulberry pairings on cocoon and silk qualities, which are crucial in sericulture. Here, we compared the differences in cocoon and silk qualities under four feeding combinations (FS-FL: female silkworm fed with leaves from female mulberry trees; MS-FL: male silkworm fed with leaves from female mulberry trees; FS-ML: female silkworm fed with leaves from male mulberry trees; MS-ML: male silkworm fed with leaves from male mulberry trees). The results showed that silkworms exhibited male-biased herbivory with more male mulberry leaves digested. The FS-ML group had higher silk weight and silk ratio of fresh cocoons than the FS-FL group, and the MS-ML group had lower coarse points than the MS-FL group. Compared with groups FS-ML and FS-FL, both MS-FL and MS-ML had smaller cocoons with longer silk lengths and a higher silk ratio of the fresh cocoons. In addition, the Entropy Weight-TOPSIS method showed the cocoon quality rank as FS-ML > FS-FL > MS-FL > MS-ML, whereas silk quality rank was MS-ML > FS-FL > FS-ML > MS-FL. These results indicate that the quality of cocoon and silk is related to the interaction of silkworm and mulberry at the sex level. Furthermore, female silkworms fed with female and male tree leaves have a higher total yield in cocoon production, while male silkworms fed with male tree leaves produced higher silk quality.
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Cahangir oğlu Poladov, Fövzü, and Təranə Nazim qızı Hacıyeva. "Significance of mulberry plants in providing the food securrty in Azerbaijan." NATURE AND SCIENCE 11, no. 06 (August 23, 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/11/18-23.
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In this article briefly consisted history development maricultural and estimate his significance as irreplace feed in production cocoons and also as fruiter plants. The information what yield cocoon and silk the obtained from feeding the mulberry silkworms the mulberry leafs have exceptionally meaning as for satisfaction inside necessity, so and production exported fixing. Simultaneously recount about significance application of fruit mulberry as fresh and treatment appearance the create food abundance, also the treatment some disease. The give information a bit quantity fruit yield saccharined, acidity and vitamin C in collective fruit. Key words:mubery, variety, farm, cocoon, silk, leaf, collective fruit, biochemical composition
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Grześkowiak, Joanna. "Morwa biała (Morus alba L.) w ujęciu naukowym i kulturowym. Od jedwabnictwa do papieru." Medycyna Nowożytna 29, no. 1 (September 29, 2023): 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12311960mn.23.012.18453.
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White mulberry (Morus alba L.) in scientific and cultural terms. From silk to paper Sericulture dates back to ancient China. Today it is defined as a branch of agriculture dealing with the cultivation of mulberry for the purpose of silkworm farming and the production of silk. Due to the fact that the mulberry silkworm larvae eat white mulberry leaves, it is a plant inextricably linked with silkworm farming and, consequently the production of silk. Although white mulberry is mainly associated with the cultivation of mulberry silkworms, thanks to its numerous and unique properties, it is a plant that can be used in various branches of the economy, as well as a research object of interest to scientists representing various fields of science. Thanks to the content of many bioactive substances, micro- and macroelements and vitamins, it has been used in herbal medicine, pharmacology and medicine. The richness of bioactive compounds makes it also an attractive raw material for the food and cosmetic industry. At the same time, due to its high energy value, mulberry belongs to the group of energy crops. Both the unique properties of mulberry and the traditions associated with its cultivation have made it a plant appreciated not only by science, but also left its mark in culture, as it has accompanied people for centuries. It is not surprising, therefore, that mulberry was recorded in poems, folk proverbs and on painting canvases, including the most famous brush by Vincent van Gogh – “Mulberry Tree in Autumn”. On the other hand, the processing of mulberry silkworm cocoons into high-quality yarns, and ultimately into delicate but durable fabrics, had a significant impact on the development of art. Both in terms of the so-called applied arts, but also those referred to as beaux-arts. And although the definitions of art have changed throughout history – regardless of period or era – silk was invariably appreciated by artists and craftsmen. Thanks to its properties, quality and aesthetics, silk fiber offers a wide range of possibilities for use in papermaking, which is also important in the cultural context.
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Giora, Domenico, Alberto Assirelli, Silvia Cappellozza, Luigi Sartori, Alessio Saviane, Francesco Marinello, and José A. Martínez-Casasnovas. "Remote Sensing Imaging as a Tool to Support Mulberry Cultivation for Silk Production." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 5450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215450.
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In recent decades there has been an increasing use of remotely sensed data for precision agricultural purposes. Sericulture, the activity of rearing silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) larvae to produce silk in the form of cocoons, is an agricultural practice that has rarely used remote sensing techniques but that could benefit from them. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of using satellite imaging in order to monitor leaf harvesting in mulberry (Morus alba L.) plants cultivated for feeding silkworms; additionally, quantitative parameters on silk cocoon production were related to the analyses on vegetation indices. Adopting PlanetScope satellite images, four M. alba fields were monitored from the beginning of the silkworm rearing season until its end in 2020 and 2021. The results of our work showed that a decrease in the multispectral vegetation indices in the mulberry plots due to leaf harvesting was correlated with the different parameters of silk cocoons spun by silkworm larvae; in particular, a decrease in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) had high correlations with quantitative silk cocoon production parameters (R2 values up to 0.56, p < 0.05). These results led us to the conclusion that precision agriculture can improve sericultural practice, offering interesting solutions for estimating the quantity of produced silk cocoons through the remote analysis of mulberry fields.
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Elumalai, D., K. Indira Kumar, K. Uma, and P. Mohan Raj. "Current Scenario of Sericulture Industry in Traditional Silk Producing States of India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 9 (June 29, 2023): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92035.
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The study concerned about the growth rate of mulberry area, production and productivity and cocoon and raw silk production and productivity five major traditional sates (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir and West Bengal) in India during 1980-81 to 2016-17. In Tamil Nadu, Compared with all the seven periods the highest significant compound growth observed in mulberry area and production was 17.50 per cent, 21.02 per cent during the period IV (1998-99 to 2001-02) and mulberry productivity 2.63 per cent since improved mulberry varieties like S36 and MR2 was released during that period II (1988-89 to 1997-98). Overall period (1980-81 to 2016-17), the cocoon productivity (2.67%) was positively significant in Tamil Nadu. There was a positively significant growth rate of cocoon production and productivity in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. Even though there was negative significant growth in productivity (-7.62%), but the growth of production (0.51%) was non-significant in Jammu Kashmir. There is significant positive growth of production (2.33%) and productivity (2.96%) in India. In Tamil Nadu, The growth rates of raw silk production (2.17%) and productivity (5.25%) was found highly significant during the overall Period (1980-81 to 2016-17). There was a highly significant growth rate of raw silk production and productivity in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and for India as a whole. In Jammu Kashmir; the growth rates of cocoon production alone (4.14%) were significant.
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Chen, Jun, Xueqiang Guo, Taohong Zhang, and Han Zheng. "Efficient defective cocoon recognition based on vision data for intelligent picking." Electronic Research Archive 32, no. 5 (2024): 3299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2024151.
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<abstract> <p>Cocoons have a direct impact on the quality of raw silk. Mulberry cocoons must be screened before silk reeling can begin in order to improve the quality of raw silk. For the silk product sector, the cocoons' level of categorization and sorting is crucial. Nonetheless, the majority of mulberry cocoon production facilities in use today choose the cocoons by hand. The accuracy and efficiency of mulberry cocoon plucking can be significantly improved by automatic methods. To increase efficiency, mulberry cocoons must be sorted automatically and intelligently using machine vision. We proposed an effective detection technique based on vision and terahertz spectrum characteristics data for distinguishing defective cocoons, including common and thin shelled defective cocoons. Each mulberry cocoon with a defect had its spatial coordinate and deflection angle computed so that grippers could grasp it. With 3762 photos in our dataset, our approach could detect mAP values up to 99.25% of the time. Furthermore, the GFLOPS of our suggested model was only 8.9 G, and its Parameters were only 5.3 M, making it appropriate for use in real-world application scenarios.</p> </abstract>
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Mukhamadrasulov, Shamsiddin, Oxunjon Akhunbabaev, and Gulam Valiev. "THE WAYS TO INCREASE THE VOLUME OF RAW-SILK PRODUCTION IN THE SILK INDUSTRY." Journal of Science and Innovative Development 3, no. 5 (November 6, 2020): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36522/2181-9637-2020-5-14.
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The article presents the research results to increase the volume of raw silk in the silk industry. Increasing the volume of cocoon harvesting, raw silk production and quality of the product is an urgent task today. The purpose of the research is to develop a new structure for mulberry plantations, which will increase the yield of mulberry leaf and thereby increase the volume of raw silk production in the silk industry. Methods have been developed for cultivating a new structure of a low-stemmed 1-tier 2-fist plantation of checkerboard order, plantations with double rows and united double rows. The leaf yield obtained from the plantation was 582.8 centners per hectare, the cocoons obtained 3.5 tons and raw silk 570.9 kg. The leaf yield obtained from a plantation with three and four combined double rows was 419.6-512.9 centners per hectare, cocoons obtained 2.5-3.1 tons and raw silk 411.0-502.4 kg. With a small land area, a 1-tier 2-fist plantation of checkerboard order is recommended, with a large land area – a plantation with three and four combined double rows, with additional production of other plant crops from the land plot – a plantation with double rows.
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Atree, Narottam, V. K. Choudhary, Pradip Kumar Patel, Amit Kumar Painkra, and Siya Ram. "Assessing Barriers to Production and Marketing of Tasar and Mulberry Silkworm Cocoons in Selected Districts of Chhattisgarh, India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (September 19, 2023): 3568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i103027.
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The study conducted “Analysis of constraints on production and marketing of tasar and mulberry silk in Chhattisgarh” included four districts i.e. Bastar, Korba, Jashpur and Raigarh. In each district one block, from Bastar district Jagdalpur block, Jashpur district Kansabel block, Korba district Korba block and Raigarh district, Dharamjaigarh block has been selected for the study based on maximum tasar and mulberry seed centres and 16 villages has been selected for the study, information about the primary data was collected from 160 cocoon growers in selected areas, though well-prepared interview schedule/ questionnaires. The study observed that tasar and mulberry cocoon grower and their marketing was found to be major constraints unavailability of labour during the production process was ranked first according to measurement, respectively silkworm, lack of knowledge in the maintenance of host plant, unavailability of the good quality plantation, lack of technical guidance, unavailability of input on time, difficulty obtaining DFL’s, lack of knowledge about training and pruning of host plant among marketing constraints suffers SHG’s were obtaining rank first lack of marketing facilities, followed by the poor quality of cocoon, difficulties of grading of the cocoon, lack of market information regarding the price of tasar and mulberry cocoon, lack of proper price received by cocoon growers, transportation cost, the lake of proper payment facility to silk grower and lack of storage facilities of cocoon despite all the constraints the area has great potential for silk production. Therefore cocoon growers in the study area can be provided with adequate knowledge in both tasar and mulberry cocoon production to enhance the production and productivity of cocoons.
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MOISE, Adela Ramona, Lucia Lelia POP, Thomas Vicentiu VEZETEU, Bianca DOMUȚ AGOSTON, Claudia PAŞCA, and Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN. "Artificial Diet of Silkworms (Bombyx Mori) Improved With Bee Pollen - Biotechnological Approach in Global Centre of Excellence For Advanced Research in Sericulture and Promotion of Silk Production." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 77, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:0004.20.
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Global Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Sericulture and Promotion of Silk Production (GCEARS-PSP) is an important organisation for Romanian sericulture; the main aim of the centre is the revival of Romanian sericulture, the maintenance of Bombyx mori gene pool and the development of research in this domain. The moderate continental climate in Romania does not permit the rearing of silkworms all over the year and consequently, the production of silk is related to mulberry leaves production. A dietary substituent for the mulberry leaves is therefore needed. We herein tried to develop an alternative food recipe by including different concentrations of bee pollen to the commercial artificial diet recipe and measure its impact on larvae length and weight and silk production; our results demonstrate a good adaptability of silkworms to the artificial diet, and the addition of bee pollen improves the studied parameters, but without significant differences.
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Nuraeni, Sitti, Nurfadilah Latif, Andi Prastiyo, Nurfausiah, and Nirmala Armidha. "A mixture of red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and bee bread of honey bees (Wallacetrigona incise) as artificial feed for silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 886, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/012109.
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Abstract The supply of silk thread in Indonesia is only able to meet 5% of the national demand, and 95% must import it. Success in silk thread production comes from natural silk cultivation activities, namely mulberry cultivation. Meanwhile, the productivity of mulberry leaves in Indonesia is very low. This study aims to determine the feeding ability, growth of silkworm resistance, the effect of cocoon productivity pro4duced by silkworms when fed artificial feed. This research was conducted at the Forest Protection and Entomology Laboratory, Hasanuddin University. Artificial feed formulation in the form of a mixture of red kidney beans and bee bread with the comparison of mulberry leaves, red kidney beans, and bee bread were P1 (33:24:25), P2 (45:24:15); P3 (mulberry leaves and red kidney beans 40:44), P4 (mulberry leaves and bee bread 40:44), and P5 (natural feed of fresh mulberry leaves as control). Treatments P1, P2, P3, and P4 were added agar, vitamin C, sugar, and 100 ml of distilled water. The results of this study indicate that the percentage of artificial feed can be consumed 3 g/larva/day. Parameters of 5th instar larval survival, growth index, and cocoon quality in all feed compositions showed no significant differences.
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Das, Prakash, and Mrinal Saikia. "Comparative Impact of Climate Change on Eri and Muga Cultivation and the Resultant Impact on Rural Income and Employment in Assam." Cadernos de Geografia 47 (July 11, 2023): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0871-1623_47_1.
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India has been the land of the ‘Queen of Textiles’, that is, silk, from a very old time. At present, India occupies the second position in the production of silk in the world, only next to China while occupying the first position in the consumption of the same. Mulberry silk accounts for 69.16% of the total silk production in India and eri comprises of 20.87%. However, in the state of Assam, non-Mulberry silk (eri and muga) occupies the lion’s share (around 99%) in the total silk production, thereby making the sericulture sector of Assam different from the rest of India. The IPCC (2007) has projected that the global temperature would most likely rise by 4.3 to 11.5 degrees Fahrenheit in the next century and silk being an agro-industrial product will be deeply affected. With muga being more susceptible to climate change, the muga cultivators would be more severely affected than the eri cultivators. In light of the above situation, this paper would attempt to analyse two issues. Firstly, it would try to see the differentiated impact of climate change on eri and muga cultivation of Assam and secondly, it would try to understand the resultant impact on rural income and employment.
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Czaplicki, Zdzisław, Eulalia Gliścińska, and Waldemar Machnowski. "Natural Silk – an Unusual Fibre: Origin, Processing and World Production." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, no. 5(149) (October 31, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9291.
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The article presents the history of the development of sericulture in the world, including Poland. The advantages of natural silk which cause interest in its production and processing in many countries of the world are indicated. A brief description of mulberry silkworm breeding and the technology of silk processing into textile products are presented. The article provides information on the production of natural silk in several countries in 2015-2019. The share of silk in the world global production of fibres is about 0.2%. Over the last few years, the largest amounts of natural silk have been produced by the following countries: China, India and Uzbekistan – the total share of these countries in the world silk production is about 98%.
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Amppiah, A. S. "The Status of Sericulture in Ghana." Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 1 (February 21, 2018): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v1i0.17.
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Sericulture involves the rearing of silk-producing insects in captivity or collecting their silk cocoons in the field for production offabrics. The majority of the world’s silk is mulberry obtained from the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera:Bombycidae). Sericulture was formally introduced into Ghana in 1992 leading to the establishment of the Silk FarmersAssociation, and later a silk factory in 2002 with support from the FAO. This boost led to an increase in raw cocoon production,but is now dwindling due to numerous challenges facing the silk industry. A survey was carried out in the Eastern, BrongAhafo and Northern Regions of Ghana to establish the current status of sericulture. The survey revealed that farmers aremostly engaged in mulberry sericulture with wild silk being minimal, restricted to the rearing of the Eri silkworm, Philosamiaricini (Donovan) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) on castor oil and cassava leaves. Another important wild silkmoth, Gonometa sp.(Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) was found on Acacia sp. in northern Ghana. Brong-Ahafo region had the highest number ofsilk farmers. Farmers’ participation in sericulture has decreased over the years as a result of many setbacks. The prospectsand challenges confronting the sericulture industry in Ghana are discussed.
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Das, Suman, Ashmita Ghosh, Mrinal Ray, Gangesh B. Singh, and Pradip Kumar Baruah. "Eco-friendly Environment of Tripura, India Prove to be a Boon for Tasar Cultivation on Zizyphus mauritiana L." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 01 (January 1, 2019): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i01.11.
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Indian silk industry is the second largest producer of silk in the world. India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five known commercial silk, namely, Mulberry, Tropical Tasar, Oak Tasar, Eri, and Muga. Among the four varieties of silk produced in 2015-16, Tasar accounts for 9.90%, i.e., 2,818 MT of the total raw silk production of 28,472 MT. In Tripura, the societies are well acquainted with only mulberry silk production. Temperature plays a very vital role in the growth of Tasar (Anthereae mylitta) silkworm also. Anthereae mylitta is a species of moth in the family Saturniidae known commonly as the Tasar silkworm and Vanya silkworm. This species is variable, with at least 44 identified eco-races, populations adapted to varied ecological conditions and food plants. Though Tripura is endowed with well demarcated sub-tropical and temperate zones with a low average temperature of 10°C in the winter season which rises to a maximum average of 35°C in the summer, it supports the cultivation of tropical Tasar silkworm in a very unique manner naturally. The present study analyzes the morphological behavior of the Tasar silkworm in a new environment and its interaction to that particular eco-friendly environment to facilitate the socioeconomic upliftment regarding the sericulture practices exhibited by the rural people of the state of Tripura. This study also proves that in the near future Tasar culture will become a boon to the poor people along with Mulberry cultivation.
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Muin, N., and L. Andadari. "The potential for increasing the productivity of Indonesian silk farmers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 917, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012037.
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Abstract Natural silk is one of the sources of livelihood for rural Indonesians. However, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, natural silk production has been affected. During the pandemic, the community implements health protocols such as keeping physical distance and physical contact. Meanwhile, the natural silk business is a labor-intensive business that involves a lot of labor, so a strategy is needed in order that silk farmers could continue running their productive business to meet the necessities of life. This paper aims to provide information on the potential for the economic increase of Indonesian silk farmers through sericulture technological applications. The research used desk study, descriptive qualitative, and quantitative methods with the study locations in Sulawesi, Gorontalo, and Java Provinces. The results of the study show that the technology input through the mulberry hybrid and silkworm hybrids can increase farmers’ cocoon production by 21.4% - 36.4% with an increase of silk filament production by 75.4% -358.8% per silkworm box. In addition, the use of mulberry hybrids and standard silkworm rearing room is also a potential for silk farmers to increase the number of silkworms raised with the same resource capital in the form of land ownership area and number of family labor. The application of sericulture technology is indispensable as one of the solutions in increasing the productivity of silk farmers in the pandemic era hence a sustainable socialization of technology is needed.
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Rajan, Resma, Alekhya Rani Chunduri, Anugata Lima, and Anitha Mamillapalli. "Spermidine Enhances Nutritional Indices of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Larvae." Journal of Entomological Science 57, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/jes20-88.
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Abstract The demand for silk increases as its economic value rises. Silk production by the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., is linked to the quality of the silkworm diet, leading to efforts to nutritionally enrich the mulberry (Morus alba L.) diet of silkworm larvae. Previous studies have established that spermidine, a polyamine, enhances larval growth in B. mori, subsequently increasing silk production. However, its role in improving the nutritional quality of the silkworm diet is not known. In this study, we evaluated the effects of spermidine-treated diet on the nutritional indices, polyamine levels, and antioxidant potential in fifth-instar larvae. We also assessed the effect of consumption of the spermidine-treated diet on the larval gut microbiome, which impacts digestion and assimilation of nutrients. Larvae consuming the spermidine-treated diet showed a significant increase in the efficiency of conversion of ingested food and digested food, intracellular polyamine levels (especially the conjugated and free fraction), antioxidant potential and cell viability, and both diversity and number of bacterial communities. These findings suggest that feeding mulberry leaves fortified with spermidine enhances nutritional efficiency in the B. mori larvae and may represent a method of increasing silk production by B. mori.
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Cai, Jian-rong, Lei-ming Yuan, Bin Liu, and Li Sun. "Nondestructive gender identification of silkworm cocoons using X-ray imaging with multivariate data analysis." Anal. Methods 6, no. 18 (2014): 7224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00940a.
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Melesse, Getnet, Desalegn Atalie, and Ayano Koyrita. "Structural and Thermal Properties of Ethiopian Eri and Mulberry Silk Fibres." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (October 31, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9750393.
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Silk fibre has received attention in the biomedical sector rather than textile production because of its excellent biocompatibility properties in the past century. Although silk fibre properties are different from area to area, it has created an opportunity in the biomedical sector to develop new silk-based medical textile products. This research work aimed to study the structural, physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of Ethiopian silkworm cocoon’s filament. Eri and mulberry silk fibre properties such as morphological structure, chemical properties, linear density, filament length, tensile strength, elongation, thermal property, and luster were measured using ES ISO and ASTM standard methods. Statistical analysis result showed that eri silk fibre from Arba Minch had water removal temperature between 100°C and 125°C with a degradation temperature of around 400°C and eri silk fibre from both Addis Ababa and Awassa had an almost similar water removal temperature around 100°C and degradation temperature around 420°C. Tensile strength and elongation of both eri and mulberry silk fibres had significant differences among each region. The highest tensile strength of 4.47 cN was observed from Addis Ababa, and the highest elongation of 20.01% was found from the Arba Minch eri silk fibre. The coarser linear density of 2.496 dtex from Arba Minch and finer count of 2.392 dtex were exhibited from Awassa. Arba Minch eri silk fibre had the highest filament length of 403.04 m and the least fibre length of 399.2 m recorded at Addis Ababa, and a better whiteness (Rd) value of 58.21 was observed at Arba Minch eri silk fibre. Bivoltine and multivoltine mulberry silk fibres had an average tensile strength of 8.01 and 11.83 cN, elongation of 10.3 and 12.1%, fineness of 3.2 and 3.16 dtex, and filament length of 1208.6 and 1028.26 m, respectively, in the same place of Arba Minch. The morphological structure of eri silk fibre from each region had an almost smooth and clean surface, but bivoltine and multivoltine mulberry silk fibres were somehow rough and had spots. According to the comparison results, Ethiopian silk fibres can be utilised more in the biomedical application and competitive in the global market.
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Babakhanova, Kh A., Z. K. Galimova, M. M. Аbdunazarov, and I. I. Ismailov. "Cellulose Pulp from Mulberry Branch Bark for the Paper Industry." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 5 (November 5, 2020): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-193-200.
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Uzbekistan is bare of forests and it takes the fifth place in the world in terms of cotton production, and the third place in terms of silk production after China and India. According to the government program the expansion of the land area for mulberry plantations boosts the growth of silk production causing an increase in the total amount of wastes, i.e. branches of mulberry trees industrially useless after the removal of leaves. Their use as a raw material for the cellulose pulp production is relevant, since it is aimed at solving not only the resource, but also the environmental problem. The bark was cut off from the mulberry branches and soaked in water for some time after which its exterior hard layer was scraped off and divided into the rough exterior layer and the softer inner layer. The inner layer was boiled for several hours. The boiled bast, after washing with water, was grinded in a laboratory grinding machine under the following conditions: mass concentration – 1 %, temperature – 22 °С. A given amount of lint cotton cellulose (grinding degree – 45 °SR) was added to the grinded bast. Paper molds with the mass of 80 g/m2 were obtained in laboratory conditions using a sheet-making apparatus. It was found out that the obtained paper that contains cotton cellulose pulp and inner layer of mulberry branch bark has low whiteness which depends on whiteness of the added fibers. It has been established that adding the cellulose pulp of the inner layer of mulberry branch bark at a grinding degree of 30 °SR contributes to the production of strong paper. It is recommended to add up to 30 % of cellulose pulp from the inner layer of mulberry branch bark to paper pulp as further addition adversely affects the paper whiteness.
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Firro, Kais. "Silk and Agrarian Changes in Lebanon, 1860–1914." International Journal of Middle East Studies 22, no. 2 (May 1990): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800033353.
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The production of silk on Mount Lebanon dates back to the time of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian. From his reign in the 7th century until the 19th century, despite fluctuations in the production of silk, Mount Lebanon and parts of the Bekaa valley continued to produce “Syrian silk.” In the latter part of the 19th century, silk production on Mount Lebanon and elsewhere even expanded, as new areas for growing mulberry trees were added along the coast from Antioch to Sidon.Studies on silk production in Syria, such as those of Gaston Ducousso, Dominique Chevallier, Roger Owen, and Boutros Labaki, focus on the silk industry and trade, treating silk as a cash crop and analyzing its impact on the 19th-century Syrian economy, and deal only indirectly with subjects such as the land-tenure system, the peasants' dependence on the silk merchants, the decline of the landlords, and changes in the mushāc system, or collective use of land.
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Wang, Huan, Ting Ting Tao, and Wan Chun Fei. "Cluster Analysis of the Chrysalis Silk Production Provinces in China." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.323.
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In this article, the yield of mulberry cocoon, the output of raw silk, the output of silk fabric, the consumer price index, the GDP per capita and the per capita income from 1999 to 2011 were analyzed for their principal components on the major production areas of cocoon and silk in China. The principal component analysis can ensure the smallest loss of the original data, to replace the multi-variables with a few synthetic variables, to simplify the data structure, and objectively determine the weights. The distances and similarities between provincial principal components, which were regarded as multivariable time series, were analyzed and computed, and clustering analysis were carried out. The result can be used as a basic reference for the industrial configuration and structural adjustment of silk in China.
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Buhroo, Zafar I., Muzafar A. Bhat, Manzoor A. Malik, Afifa S. Kamili, Nazir A. Ganai, and Irfan L. Khan. "Trends in Development and Utilization of Sericulture Resources for Diversification and Value Addition." International Journal of Entomological Research 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/entomol.006.01.2069.
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Sericulture is an activity where every part can be used for multiple purposes. Sericulture implies significant quantities of secondary and waste products such as perforated silk cocoons, Bombyx mori chrysalides, bedding left-over larval dejections and mulberry plant waste, superseded cocoons, surplus mulberry leaf, root and wood biomass, mulberry fruits, mulberry root biomass etc. Therefore, sericulture to produce only silk fabric can now be transformed into the functional industry by applying appropriate methods in processing the secondary and waste products from sericulture, which can double or even triple the farmers’ income dramatically as obtained from the main activity of silk cocoon production. Thus, in order to ensure a profitable sericulture activity, it is necessary to process these secondary and waste products generated from different sericulture activities to obtain biologically active substances with important uses in: pharmaceutical, cosmetic, paper and cellulose, and organic agricultural food industries. Realizing the scope of utilizing by-products generated from different sericulture activities, in-depth research towards utility optimization is the prime need in placing the sericulture industry on a sound footing. The review is intended to focus on recent advances in comprehensive utilization, diversification and value addition of sericulture resources in broadening the sustainability of sericulture industry.
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Grześkowiak, Joanna, Małgorzata Łochyńska, and Jakub Frankowski. "Sericulture in Terms of Sustainable Development in Agriculture." Problemy Ekorozwoju 17, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2022.2.23.
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Sericulture is a branch of agriculture specializing in the cultivation of silkworms and cocoon production as well as the cultivation of white mulberry, which is the sole source of food for silkworm caterpillars. Due to the ecological nature of farming both mulberry silkworm and mulberry cultivation, as well as the possibility of managing and processing waste generated in the breeding process, it is fully in line with the trend of sustainable development. Raw materials obtained from silkworm farming constitute the basis for products valued by consumers due to their environmentally friendly production methods and an organic source of raw materials. Silk production can successfully contribute to the increase in popularity and practical application of the idea of sustainable development in agriculture.
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M.I. Delighta Mano Joyce and S. Mohamed Ramlath Sabura. "A Study on the effect of Silver nano particles synthesized using Rosa rubiginosa plant extract on the growth parameters of Silkworm Bombyx mori L." JOURNAL OF ADVANCED APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 3, no. 5 (December 15, 2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46947/joaasr352021119.
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Sericulture plays a major role in rural employment, poverty alleviation and earning foreign exchange. A lot of entrepreneurial opportunities are available in various areas of sericulture. The quality of mulberry leaves fed to the silk worms is considered to be the prime factor for good cocoon and crop production. To find out the food efficacy of silkworm larvae fed with silver nanoparticles of Rosa rubiginosa treated with mulberry leaves. The silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method .The fifth instar larvae were selected for our study. Fiftth instar of silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori L. were fed on mulberry leaves fortified with Rosa rubiginosa silver nanoparticle extract at certain concentrations. The impact of the food efficacy factors such as, Food Consumption, Food Assimilation, Approximate Food Digestibility, Food Consumption Index and Coefficient of Food Utilization were examined. Different results were obtained depending upon on the various concentrations used. Almost in all the experimental concentrations of Rosa rubiginosa silver nanoparticle increased feed efficacy than control without any supplementation. And there is a little elevation observed in 1% concentration. Thus, supplementation of mulberry leaves with Rosa rubiginosa silver nanoparticle enhance feed efficacy, subsequently, enhancing the commercial qualities of cocoon. Thus it may be beneficial to the farmers and entrepreneurs in silk production.
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Urbanek Krajnc, Andreja, Tamas Bakonyi, Istvan Ando, Eva Kurucz, Norbert Solymosi, Paula Pongrac, and Rebeka Lucijana Berčič. "The Effect of Feeding with Central European Local Mulberry Genotypes on the Development and Health Status of Silkworms and Quality Parameters of Raw Silk." Insects 13, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090836.
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Silkworm rearing activities ceased in the 1970′s in several European countries. Attempts on the re-establishment of ecological and sustainable sericulture in Slovenia and Hungary are ongoing. The aim of the study was to assess the usability of locally adapted mulberry genotypes for sericulture and to estimate connections between leaf compound and silkworm performance parameters. A controlled feeding experiment of silkworms was performed to test the influence of leaves from selected trees on the growth of larvae, the health and microbiological status of larvae (e.g., gut bacterial microbiome, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection), weight of cocoons and raw silk parameters. The Slovenian and Hungarian mulberry genotypes had significantly higher total protein contents, and lower total phenolic contents and differed significantly in some individual phenolics compared to the reference sericultural and fruit varieties. Significant differences were found in the contents of the macro- and microelements, namely S, Mn, Fe, and Sr. Based on correlative statistics and multivariate analysis, a combined positive influence of proteins, specific phenolics, and microelements on larval growth and silk thread parameters was predicted. The results of the study indicate that selected local Slovenian and Hungarian mulberry varieties are suitable for high-quality silk cocoon and raw silk production.
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Nasirillaev, Bakhtiyar, Narzulla Rajabov, Murodkhuja Abdukadirov, and Khurshida Fozilova. "History and development prospects of silk farming in Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 376 (2023): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337602005.
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Mulberry silkworm seeds were smuggled to Central Asia by a Chinese princess married to Khotan Khan in the middle of the 4th century. By the 7th century, Khotan, Kusham and other Northern Silk Industry was the main labor activity of the population in the provinces of Turkestan. In the 7th century, as a result of the introduction of the technology of cocooning and gazlam weaving by Marv merchants for commercial purposes from Persia, it became more widespread in the territory of Central Asia. Uzbekistan is a country with a long history among the world's developed silk industry. Mulberry silkworm seeds entered Central Asia through the Khotan province in the middle of the 4th century, and have become one of the main occupations of the population until now. This article analyzes the history of sericulture in Uzbekistan, stages of development, and achievements in the field of research and production. It is planned to increase the total area of mulberry plantations in Uzbekistan from 48,720 hectares in 2019 to 77,422 hectares by 2021, and the number of individual mulberry rows to 79 million 515 thousand bushes. It is also planned to increase the number of boxes of silkworms from 350,000 boxes to 500,000 boxes, from 19,607 tons to 30,000 tons.
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Andadari, Lincah, Dhany Yuniati, Bambang Supriyanto, Murniati, Sri Suharti, Asmanah Widarti, Eden Steven, et al. "Lens on Tropical Sericulture Development in Indonesia: Recent Status and Future Directions for Industry and Social Forestry." Insects 13, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13100913.
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The domestic silkworm or mulberry silk moth, B. mori L., provides more than 99% of the world’s silk. Silk, as a sericulture product, was first introduced in Indonesia through a trade mechanism and began to develop in 1953. Several factors (economic, ecological, market, and cultural) support sericulture and make it become one of the non-timber forest product priorities. However, the competitive advantages alone have not encouraged the development of prospective sericulture industry in Indonesia yet. This paper is a review of tropical sericulture development in Indonesia. The literature on the development of sericulture in Indonesia between 1989 and 2022 is used to describe conditions related to mulberry cultivation (moriculture), and silkworm rearing (sericulture), as well as the state of socio-economic development, culture, and institutions. Moriculture and sericulture techniques, socio-economic aspects, institutional arrangements, and community motivations are intertwined, creating a challenging atmosphere for sericulture development. There are potential resources, such as exploring quality mulberry production and quality silkworm production through research and development, valuable cultural aspects, and potential stakeholders to build network engagement. Commitment, cooperation, and action from all stakeholders are needed to enhance the development of sericulture in Indonesia. In this context, the central government can play an important role in facilitating multi-stakeholder partnerships in the development of integrated sericulture in Indonesia.
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Umarov, Shavkat, Yorkinoy Mirzaeva, Khurshid Yalgashev, Khurshida Fozilova, and Javokhir Khaydaraliev. "Importance of breeding mulberry trees under vegetative (in vitro) methods in high-quality silk production in Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 02034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124402034.
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In the first direction of this article, the new Marhamat, Mustaqillik-18 and Jararik-12 varieties of mulberry have economic value characteristics, such as leaf stem size, leaf length, leaf width, leaf stem length, leaf weight, leaf stem weight, leaf stem weight, and net leaf weight. In addition, the systems of mulberry silkworms Liniya-101 and Liniya-205 were cultivated with Marhamat, Jararik-12 and Mustaqillik-18 and Tajik seedless varieties of mulberry. The second direction of the study was the experiments on in vitro propagation of new varieties of tobacco, and the cost-effectiveness of testing in the conditions of production of positive data obtained on the basis of the results of 2017-2020. At the same time, it can be seen that the economic efficiency of mulberry varieties grown and introduced in vitro is 4,695,300 UZS, net profit is 1,577,500 UZS, and the size of profitability is 39.6% contrast to the comparator.
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Kumar, P. M. Pratheesh. "Field evaluation of Rot-fix for management of root rot disease of mulberry (Morus sp.)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 16, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/16.2/135-139.
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Mulberry is cultivated throughout India as a host plant of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) reared for commercial production of silk. The quality of silk produced depends largely on the quality of leaf fed to silkworm. Various mulberry diseases limit quality and quantity of silk production affecting the economic return to the farmers. Among these, root rot caused by a group of fungi is a severe threat for mulberry leaf production, especially in southern states of India due to large scale mortality and enormous crop loss. Though many fungi are isolated from the infected root, Fusarium solani is the one frequently found associated with the disease. Chemical control with fungicides is not advisable due the environmental concern and toxicity to the soil and silkworm. Thus, recently a broad spectrum environment friendly formulation viz., Rotfix has been developed by the Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Mysore and recommended after limited on-farm and field trials. However its efficiency has not been evaluated at the farmers’ level in large scale. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of Rot-fix in large scale in four southern states of India. The Rot-fix has been applied to the infected plants and their recovery has been studied. There was a high recovery (86.76-91.96%) of the infected plants after application of Rot-fix. Though the leaf yield was significantly (P<0.01) lower (2.48%) in the recovered plants in first crop, by the second crop the plants were recovered completely and started giving yield the statistically on par with untreated healthy plants. The study therefore recommends the use of Rot-fix in large scale for control of root rot disease of mulberry.
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Saad, I. "USING THE MULBERRY FRUIT EXTRACT FOR IMPROVING SILK PRODUCTION OF MULBERRY SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L." Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 4, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2013.87655.
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Duan, Xiaolin. "Mulberry Trees, Shipwrecks, and Silver: Silk Raising and the Decline of the Ming Dynasty." Ming Qing Yanjiu 26, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): 60–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24684791-12340062.
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Abstract During the seventeenth century crisis, China witnessed the decline and fall of the Ming dynasty. Scholars have long discussed the role of silver in the Ming crisis, but less attention has been paid to the effects of the production and circulation of silk. This paper examines both internal and external factors that contributed to the decline of Chinese sericulture and silk production, as well as consequent damages to the economy and social relations. Converging environmental and economic factors within major silk-producing regions, as well as a number of incidents that affected the Pacific trade of silk, exacerbated the problems of the late Ming. This paper applies the Law of Supplies and Demands to analyse interconnections between China, Manila, and New Spain. An understanding of the silk industry is essential to explain significant economic connections both within Ming China and between China and the outside world during the seventeenth century.
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Thulasi, N., and S. Sivaprasad. "Larval growth, silk production and economic traits of Bombyx mori under the influence of honey-enriched mulberry diet." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.603.
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The impact of honey on the silkworm, Bombyx mori was demonstrated with reference to the larval growth, silk gland proteins and economic parameters of sericulture. The honey works well at a concentration of 2% in distilled water. At this concentration it promotes growth rates in the silkworm larvae during fifth instar development. It positively reinforces the day-to-day larval growth rate by 4.75 additional percentile points, silk gland growth rate by 4.45 additional percentile points and the gland-body ratio by additional 6.64 percentile points. It stimulates silk protein synthesis in all the three segments of the silk gland, viz., the anterior, middle and posterior parts. Under its influence, the silk gland protein profiles grew significantly by 14.85 additional percentile points in the anterior silk gland (ASG), minimally by 8.68 additional percentile points in the middle silk gland (MSG) and maximally by 15.17 additional percentile points in the posterior silk gland (MSG), compared to their control values. It also stimulates the core shell protein synthesis by 18% and retards floss protein synthesis by ~25% in the three segments of silk gland. In doing so, it contributes to sericulture industry by causing improvements in profit making economic traits such as gland-body ratio, cocoon weight, shell weight, raw silk weight, denier and renditta and by reducing the production of floss, which contributes to loss in the sericulture industry. Honey is suggested as a profitable supplementary diet forsilkworm.
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Chen, Fang, Jianwei Lu, Mingchu Zhang, Kaiyuan Wan, and Dongbi Liu. "Mulberry nutrient management for silk production in Hubei Province of China." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 172, no. 2 (April 2009): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200800093.
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Batirova, Aziza, and Shavkat Umarov. "Appearance of biological and productivity indicators of foreign breeds and hybrids of bombyx mori l. propagated in seed enterprises in different conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337101026.
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At the global level, special attention is paid to the care of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori L. in different climatic conditions, the adaptation of monovoltine breeds and hybrids to different ecological regions, and the production of high-quality raw silk that meets the requirements of the international standard 2A, 3A, 4A. being directed. Today, creating a new generation of mulberry silkworm breeds and hybrids and improving the technological properties of cocoons and silk raw materials obtained from them, determining the effects of various environmental factors and objectively evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of cocoons are considered as urgent problems on a global scale. Currently, some of the mulberry silkworm seeds, which are not enough for farms in our country, are imported from the People's Republic of China. The economic value of these imported elite and industrial hybrids, namely silkworm egg viability, worm viability, length of larval larval period, biological factors such as mulberry silkworm, cocoon and shell weight, cocoon yield, silkiness and cocoon productivity such as fertile and non-fertile cocoons. It is scientifically based on the extent to which the natural climatic conditions of the regions of Uzbekistan affect productivity indicators such as percentage, dry weight of cocoons, percentage of defective cocoons.
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Daniyarov, Umirzak, and Vakhobjon Rakhmonberdiev. "Productivity of hybrid mulberry on salted soils." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 03090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338903090.
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The demand for natural fibers such as silk, wool, and cotton is growing globally, especially for silk fabrics and raw materials from cocoons. In nations with well-established sericulture, efforts are concentrated on enhancing the quantity and quality of cocoon production by growing high-nutrition-value mulberry varieties through asexual reproduction. The study aimed to determine the productivity of the mulberry hybrids during double operation, which required two years of rearing. The silkworm hybrid Ipakchi 1 x Ipakchi 2 was used for the study, and the hygrothermal regime was observed during rearing. the viability of caterpillars varied between 84.8% to 94.43% depending on the feeding option. The use of Karshi-1 x Pionersky hybrid leaves for feeding resulted in the highest viability of 94.43%, compared to 91.08% in the control. However, the lowest viability of 84.8% was observed in the Katlam x Pionersky hybrid. The mass of live cocoons of all tested hybrids was similar, ranging from 2.04-2.21 g.
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Nurrani, Lis, Supratman Tabba, and Andi Wildah. "Pengaruh pemupukan dan pemangkasan tanaman terhadap produktivitas daun murbei di kota Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman hutan 13, no. 2 (June 30, 1996): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2020.13.2.95-103.
Full textAbstract:
Mulberry is remain the only important feed determined the productivity of cocoons on silkworm cultivation. Development of hybrid mulberry that contain high nutrition is very important because their nutritional value is the most influences key factor toward the quality and quantity of cocoons and silk. This study aimed to determine the effect of fertilization and trimming on the leaves productivity of three species of mulberry in a demonstration plot in Rurukan village, Tomohon city, North Sulawesi. This study used a completely randomized design with a factorial research design of three species of mulberry leaves (SULI 01, M.cathayana dan M.kanva) with three types of fertilizer (Taikam, Petroganik dan Kandang) to determine the effect of fertilizing. Two species of mulberry (M.cathayana dan M.kanva) with three different trimming heights (30 cm. 45 cm dan 60 cm from the ground) to determine the effect of trimming techniques. The source of mulberry genetic material comes from The Forest Productivity Research and Development Center in Bogor. The parameters measured include diameter growth, height and leaves production. The results showed that in general the fertilization aplication had no effect on leaves productivity in all species of mulberry tested. Application of Taikam fertilizer and manure only affects the growth of diameter and height of mulberry plant. The trimming treatment has an influence on leaves productivity. The highest leaf production resulted by M.kanva (639.61 gr) on high trimming 45 cm, on the other side the highest leaf production of M.cathayana on high trimming 60 cm from the ground (482.40 gr).
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Nurrani, Lis, Supratman Tabba, and Andi Wildah. "Pengaruh pemupukan dan pemangkasan tanaman terhadap produktivitas daun murbei di kota Tomohon, Sulawesi Utara." Jurnal Pemuliaan Tanaman hutan 13, no. 2 (June 30, 1996): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpth.2019.13.2.95-103.
Full textAbstract:
Mulberry is remain the only important feed determined the productivity of cocoons on silkworm cultivation. Development of hybrid mulberry that contain high nutrition is very important because their nutritional value is the most influences key factor toward the quality and quantity of cocoons and silk. This study aimed to determine the effect of fertilization and trimming on the leaves productivity of three species of mulberry in a demonstration plot in Rurukan village, Tomohon city, North Sulawesi. This study used a completely randomized design with a factorial research design of three species of mulberry leaves (SULI 01, M.cathayana dan M.kanva) with three types of fertilizer (Taikam, Petroganik dan Kandang) to determine the effect of fertilizing. Two species of mulberry (M.cathayana dan M.kanva) with three different trimming heights (30 cm. 45 cm dan 60 cm from the ground) to determine the effect of trimming techniques. The source of mulberry genetic material comes from The Forest Productivity Research and Development Center in Bogor. The parameters measured include diameter growth, height and leaves production. The results showed that in general the fertilization aplication had no effect on leaves productivity in all species of mulberry tested. Application of Taikam fertilizer and manure only affects the growth of diameter and height of mulberry plant. The trimming treatment has an influence on leaves productivity. The highest leaf production resulted by M.kanva (639.61 gr) on high trimming 45 cm, on the other side the highest leaf production of M.cathayana on high trimming 60 cm from the ground (482.40 gr).
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Gjurašić, Marija, and Tea Đurović. "Development of Sericulture in the Eastern Adriatic during the Austrian Administration." Athens Journal of History 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 9–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhis.9-1-1.
Full textAbstract:
The production of silk, the queen of natural fibres, began in ancient China and was a well-kept secret for millennia. As silk was used for a variety of purposes, not only in making luxury clothes, wallpapers, and other expensive textile items, but also in papermaking and the production of musical instruments and fishing gear, it became a much desired commodity, which the Chinese exported along the Silk Road routes all the way to the Mediterranean. When seedlings of mulberry trees, silkworm eggs, and the knowledge of silk craftsmanship arrived in Constantinople in the 6th century, the tradition of sericulture and silk craftsmanship spread to numerous Mediterranean areas, including Greece, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, and the Eastern Adriatic. Based on relevant literature and some previously unexplored archival sources, this paper presents the development of sericulture (cocoon or pupa production) and silk craftsmanship (making silk products) in the Eastern Adriatic region during the 18th and 19th centuries. Our research focuses on Croatia, at that time under the domination of the Habsburg Monarchy and divided into two parts – the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (with the capital in Zagreb) and the Kingdom of Dalmatia (with the capital in Zadar).
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Nila, J. Nihal, and R. D. Stevens Jones. "Studies on influence of various stages of mulberry leaf in the growth and cocoonic parameters of silkworm Bombyx mori (L.)." ENTOMON 48, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v48i2.891.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this work was to determine the effects of different stages of mulberry leaves on growth performance of treated larvae of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae) and characters of the resulted cocoons were evaluated. Results showed that the food consumption rate and assimilation rate were greatest for larvae fed on tender and over matured mulberry leaves as compared to larvae fed on mature leaves. Assimilation and conversion efficiencies were very high in the larvae grown on matured mulberry leaves (0.189 and 1.99% respectively). Moreover, the larvae fed on matured mulberry leaves showed higher growth rate, cocoon weight and shell ratio. Among the three different growth stages of leaves, the matured leaves were found to be the best food for final instar larvae of Bombyx mori L. which promotes maximum larval growth and it gains to quality cocoon and raw silk production.
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G C, Chithrashree, Kumar M S, and Sharada A C. "Sericin, a Versatile Protein from Silkworm - Biomedical Applications." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, S1-Feb (February 6, 2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8is1-feb.3924.
Full textAbstract:
The silkworm, Bombyx mori, which feeds solely on the leaves of the mulberry plant, produces mulberry silk. The components of Bombyx mori silk are 60-80 percent fibroin, 15-35 percent sericin and 1-5 percent non-sericin, including wax, pigments, sugars and other impurities. Silk sericin is a natural polymer that encloses and holds together two filaments of fibroin in the silk thread used in the cocoon. In the research and production of medical biomaterials and biomedicines, protein-based silk fibroin has been widely used for two decades. Sericin is often neglected and abandoned in the manufacturing of traditional silk fabrics, silk floss or synthetic silk biomaterials as a by-product or waste. However, sericin is not only a highly useful biological substance, but also has a great deal of biological activity, similar to fibroin. General characteristics of both silk proteins, fibroin and sericin, extracted from Bombyx mori silkworm, and the biological activity and possible use of sericin were addressed in this review. Due to its amino acid make-up and antioxidant properties, sericin has been used in the food and cosmetic industry. The moisturizing power provides guidance for wound healing as a therapeutic agent, protection against ultraviolet radiation, and formulation of creams and shampoos. Antioxidant activity associated with low sericin digestibility, which increases application in the medical field, such as antitumor, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, anticoagulant, works in the health of the colon, enhances constipation and, by improving plasma lipid profile, protects the body from obesity. In addition, the properties of sericin allow its application in tissue engineering and drug delivery as a culture medium and cryopreservation, demonstrating its efficient use as an essential biomaterial.
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da Silva, Santino Aleandro, Renata da Rosa, Rachel Colauto Milanezi-Aguiar, Cristianne Cordeiro Nascimento, and Andressa Cristina Zamboni Machado. "Morus alba: Host reaction for Meloidogyne javanica, biological nematicides assessment and study of these relationships with yield and quality of leaves, cocoon and health of the silkworm." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): e0252987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252987.
Full textAbstract:
Root-knot nematodes cause damage to several crops and the importance of each species can vary according with the crop and the agricultural region. In Brazil, Meloidogyne javanica is one of the most important nematode species parasitizing mulberry. To define management strategies, it is important to know if the crop species is damaged by the parasitism of the nematode and the best choices for control, as the use of nematicides. Biological nematicides have been extensively used in Brazil, but no information regarding its efficiency to control M. javanica in mulberry is available. Besides, it is not known if biological nematicides could improve the quality of leaves or if they alter the nutrient composition of leaves, which could interfere in the development of the silkworms that are feed with these leaves or in the quality of the silk produced. With the aim to address these questions, we propose a study that will start in the phenotyping of the main Brazilian mulberry cultivars to Meloidogyne species, passing through the test of efficiency of biological nematicides in the control of M. javanica in mulberry cultivar Miura, evaluation of the amount and quality of leaves produced and, using these leaves to feed silkworms, in the analyzes of the impact of these diet in the health of silkworms, and in the production and quality of the silk.