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1
Aryee, Alberta Naa Ayeley. "Extraction, partial purification and characterization of the lipase fraction from the viscera of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97895.
Full textAbstract:
Lipase was partially purified from the viscera of grey mullet ( Mugil cephalus) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, simultaneous desalting, and concentration via ultrafiltration and then affinity chromatography on EAH-Sepharose 4B. The partially purified extract was characterized using p-nitrophenyl palmitate (rho-NPP) as substrate. Grey mullet lipase was active within the pH range of 7-10, with an optimum pH of 8.0, and was stable from pH 4-10. The enzyme was active within the temperature range of 20°C and 60°C, and exhibited an optimum for the hydrolysis of rho-NPP at 50°C. The enzyme was stable between 10-50°C, beyond which it lost activity progressively. At 50°C there was ca. 50% residual activity after 60 min incubation. However at 60°C, there was 22%, 20% and 0% remaining activity after 10, 30 and 60 min incubation respectively. Based on the temperature activity data, the activation energy for the hydrolysis of rho-NPP was calculated as 1.94 kcal/mol (8.15 kJ/mol).The rho-nitrophenyl esters of medium to long chain fatty acid (C10-C16) served as good substrates with the order of ease of hydrolysis as; rho-NP-palmitate > rho-NP-myristate > rho-NP-caprate > rho-NP-caproate > rho-NP-butyrate > rho-NP-acetate. The Km' and Vmax for the hydrolysis of rho-NPP were 0.22 mM and 20 mumol min-1 mg-1 , respectively. The hydrolytic activity of the lipase was enhanced by Mg2+, Mn2+, NaN3, and EDTA, but strongly inhibited by Hg2+, and Cu2+. PMSF (1 mM), Ca2+ (1 mM and 10 mM) had no effect on grey mullet lipase activity. Lower concentrations (25-10% v/v) of water-miscible organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, iso-propanol, and methanol) had negligible effect on the activity of the lipase while higher concentrations (>50% v/v) completely inhibited the enzyme. The grey mullet lipase was remarkably stable in water-immiscible organic solvents (benzene, toluene, hexane, heptane, and isooctane). The water-immiscible solvents also activated the enzyme with hexane giving the most activation. Lower concentrations of trihydroxylated bile salts (sodium taurocholate, and sodium cholate) were more potent activators than the dihydroxylated bile salt (sodium deoxycholate). Sodium dodecyl sulfate at 1 mM, and Tween 80RTM at 1% had 6% and 12% stimulatory effect on the activity of the enzyme respectively, while 1% and 0.5% Triton RTM X-100 caused 67% and 40% inhibition, respectively.
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Bichy, John Brooke. "A Life History Assessment on the Reproduction and Growth of Striped Mullet, Mugil cephalus, in North Carolina." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04012004-095956/.
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The striped mullet, Mugil cephalus, has supported a commercial fishery in North Carolina since the 1800s and today ranks in the top ten of commercially valuable fin- fisheries in the state worth over a million dollars annually. The species is a direct link between lower and higher trophic levels and thus serves an important role in the food web. Despite striped mullet?s biological and economic importance, basic life history data from North Carolina are limited and the stock status is unknown. Objectives of this study were to describe striped mullet growth, reproductive seasonality, size and age at maturity, and fecundity. Monthly samples of striped mullet were collected using both fishery independent and dependent sampling strategies throughout North Carolina. Sagittae otoliths were removed and sectioned for age and growth analyses. Gonads were fixed and histologically prepared for maturity indices and fecundity estimation. Length was highly variable within age classes. Regional growth differences within North Carolina were found as fish collected from the southern sampling regions were smaller at age and lived longer than fish from the northern regions. Growth models suggest growth rates in North Carolina were greater than other areas in the species? range. Based on the presence of recently post-spawned fish and gonadal development, striped mullet spawn between late September and December. The collection of a hydrated female less than 1 km from an inlet, coupled with the presence of post-ovulatory follicles from fish sampled within the estuary, provided evidence for near-shore spawning. Males matured at a smaller length (L50) than females, 283 mm and 324 mm fork length, respectively. Fecundity correlated well with fork length (r2=0.88) and body weight (r2=0.91), and ranged from 1193 to 2535 eggs per gram of eviscerated body weight. This study provides the first life history assessment of striped mullet reproduction and growth from North Carolina and shows differences in growth, maturity, spawning location, reproductive seasonality, and fecundity compared to other areas in the species? range.
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Marthans, Rojas Rosselyng Anggie. "Prevalencia e intensidad de infestación por copépodos parásitos en Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) procedentes del terminal pesquero de Ventanilla, Callao 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16001.
Full textAbstract:
El sector pesquero en el Perú en una de las actividades económicas que más contribuye
con la economía peruana, donde Mugil cephalus es uno de los recursos marinos de
mayor consumo en el país. Dada la importancia de este producto hídrico y teniendo
conocimiento que son diversos los tipos de parásitos que afectan a Mugil cephalus, la
presente tesis tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia y la intensidad de infestación
por copépodos parásitos en Mugil cephalus, por ser ectoparásitos que afectan los ojos,
branquias y piel de los peces afectando la salud de los peces, su comportamiento y
disminución de su crecimiento. Se analizaron 150 especímenes de Mugil cephalus, entre
los meses de Setiembre del 2018 y Abril del 2019, los que fueron adquiridos en el
terminal pesquero de Ventanilla-Callao. Se tomaron los datos biométricos y se identificó
el sexo de cada pez, siendo registrados en una ficha técnica. El análisis de los peces
consistió en la observación macroscópica de ojos, orificios nasales, boca, branquias,
aletas, piel y cola. Las especies de copépodos parásitos se cuantificaron, se preservaron
en alcohol al 70% para su identificación taxonómica por microscopia simple y en
glutaraldehído para su identificación por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se
identificaron los siguientes copépodos parásitos: Naobranchia sp., Bomolochus sp.,
Caligus sp. y Parabrachiella sp. La intensidad media parasitaria por copépodos fue de
2.68 para Naobranchia sp., 0.57 para Bomolochus sp, 0.05 para Caligus sp. y 0.03 para
Parabrachiella sp. La prevalencia parasitaria fue de 69% para Naobranchia sp, 26%
para Bomolochus sp., 3% para Caligus sp. y de 2% para Parabrachiella sp. La
abundancia media parasitaria fue 2.09 para Naobranchia sp, 0.45 para Bomolochus sp.,
0.04 para Caligus sp. y de 0.02 para Parabrachiella sp. No se determinó correlación
inversa entre la intensidad parasitaria por copépodos parásitos y la longitud total de
Mugil cephalus.
4
Ferreira, Marta Sofia Sá. "Endocrine and enzymatic changes in flounder (platichthys flesus) and in mullet (mugil cephalus) chronically exposed to organic contaminants in River Douro Estuary." Tese, Porto : Edição do Autor, 2006. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=UPB01&find_code=SYS&request=000106740.
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Ferreira, Marta Sofia Sá. "Endocrine and enzymatic changes in flounder (platichthys flesus) and in mullet (mugil cephalus) chronically exposed to organic contaminants in River Douro Estuary." Doctoral thesis, Porto : Edição do Autor, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/64589.
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Ould, Mohamed Vall Mohamed. "Etude de la dynamique des systèmes d'exploitation et de l'écobiologie de la reproduction de trois Mugilidés : Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), Liza aurata (Perugia, 1892) et Mugil capurii (Risso,1810) : analyse de leurs stratégies d'occupations des secteurs littoraux mauritaniens et de leurs possibilités d'aménagement." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4116.
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Kirby, Jason K., and n/a. "Trace metal and metalloid accumulation, distribution, and, speciation in Lake Macquarie, N.S.W., Australia." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20051129.124508.
Full textAbstract:
THESIS ORGANISATION
This thesis is organised into nine chapters that include seven international and
national publications (six accepted and one submitted for publication). The initial
overview chapter outlines the justification and direction for this thesis. With the
exception of chapter 8 (accepted for publication on the 1st May 2005); all chapters are
exact duplicates of published articles in international and national refereed journals
(chapters 2 to 7). The initial chapters (2 and 3) presents research findings using a
marine fish species, mullet (Mugil cephalus), to measure trace metal bioavailability in
Lake Macquarie, NSW Australia. While subsequent chapters (4 to 8) are presenting
research under taken to improve the understanding of arsenic cycling in marine and
estuarine environments. The final chapter (chapter 9) is a synopsis of the major
findings presented in this thesis. Due to the publication nature of this thesis, an
unavoidable degree of replication exists within chapters (publications).
8
Menezes, Maria Emília da Silva. "Valor nutricional de espécies de peixes (água salgada e estuário) do estado de Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2006. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1084.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to determine centesimal composition, cholesterol
content, fatty acid profile, and caloric content of some commonly commercialized fish
species from two environments in Alagoas State, Brazil. Samples of 80 fish fillets of
four species. carapeba-listrada (Eugerres plumieri Cuvier, 1830) and mackerel
(Scomberomorus cavala Cuvier, 1829) from Alagoas coast; and mullet (Mugil
cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) and camurim (Centropomus undecimalis Bloch, 1792)
from the Mundaú Lagoon Estuary Complex, a marine-estuarine environment, were
analyzed. The samples analyzed presented high moisture for camurim and
carapeba-listrada. The mackerel and mullet presented the largest protein percent
content. The total lipid contents of all samples were similar. As to ash content, the
mackerel and camurim presented the largest values. The largest caloric contents
were found for mackerel and mullet. In relation to cholesterol contents the mullet and
camurim had the eminence. Fatty acid contents, saturated (palmitic acid,
pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, and
stearic acid), monounsaturated (heptadecenoic acid, oleic acid, and 9-hexadecenoic
acid), and polyunsaturated (linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid,
eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosaexaenoic acid) were
analyzed. Marine mackerel and estuarine mullet are the most indicated fish in
nutritional terms due to their content lipid-protein and eicosapentaenoic and
docosaexaenoic acid contents. This information will be valuable for later inclusion in
the Regional/National Food Composition Table.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a composição centesimal, o teor de colesterol, o perfil de ácidos graxos e o valor calórico de quatro espécies de peixes em dois habitats (água salgada e estuário) do Estado de Alagoas. Foram analisadas 80 amostras de filés de peixes. As espécies estudadas são as mais comercializadas: carapeba-listrada (Eugerres plumieri Cuvier, 1830) e cavala (Scomberomorus cavalla Cuvier, 1829) da Costa Marítima Alagoana; tainha (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) e camurim (Centropomus undecimalis Bloch, 1792) do Complexo Estuarino Lagunar-Lagoa Mundaú-AL. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram elevados teores de umidade no camurim e na carapeba-listrada em base úmida. A cavala e a tainha apresentaram os maiores percentuais de proteína em base úmida. Os teores de lipídeos totais foram iguais em ambas às espécies estudadas. Quanto às cinzas, os maiores valores foram detectados na cavala e no camurim em base úmida. Os maiores valores calóricos foram encontrados na cavala e na tainha. Com relação ao colesterol a tainha e a cavala foram às espécies que demonstraram maiores teores. Em ambas às espécies estudadas destacaram-se os ácidos graxos: palmítico, pentadecanóico, margárico, mirístico, láurico, esteárico, heptadecenóico, oléico, palmitoléico, linoléico, α-linolênico, araquidônico, eicosapentaenóico, docosapentaenóico e o docosaexaenóico. Considerou-se a cavala no habitat marinho e a tainha no habitat estuarino como as espécies saudáveis do ponto de vista nutricional, devido aos teores lipídicoprotéico e de eicosapentaenóico e docosaexaenóico. Estas informações podem servir de subsídio para posterior inclusão destes dados em Tabela de Composição de Alimentos Regionais/Nacionais.
9
Tsern, Jiunn-Lin, and 岑雋麟. "Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Mugil cephalus in Danshui River." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97723436526185238915.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立新竹教育大學
應用科學系碩士班
98
Abstract Danshui River, one of main rivers in Taiwan, helps to develop Taipei’s ancient civilization, but water pollution has been caused because of human overdevelopment. However, with the rising awareness of environmental protection in recent years, the water quality has finally been improved through the government and the public work together rescuing Danshui River. Mugil cephalus often appears in the downstream and middle part of the rivers of Danshui, Keelung, and HsinTien. Besides, it is often eaten by people, and is also a good biological index. By means of microwave digestion method, this thesis is to use ICP-OES to research the heavy metal accumulation in Mugil cephalus muscle, stomach and digestive organs after the food has been fully digested in them. The findings are as follows: 1. The accumulation of heavy metals, such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Mn in the muscles of Mugil cephalus in Danshui River, is all below the standard limit of our country and other countries. 2. Through the analysis of SPSS, the result shows that the accumulation of heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni in the muscles of Mugil cephalus in Danshui River, Keelung River, and HsinTien River varies from river to river. 3. Through the analysis of SPSS, the fish samples in 2009 contain more Cu and Cd than those in 2008. As to other heavy metals, there is no striking difference between the two years. 4. The analysis shows that fish stomach contains far more heavy metals than fish muscles. Therefore, fish muscle can be used to test eating safety of Mugil cephalus, while fish stomach is more suitable for monitoring the environment. 5. By testing the food remains in the fish digestive organs, it shows that there is high content of heavy metal Mn. The heavy metal accumulation in Mugil cephalus near the NanHu Bridge over Keelung river is 202.96mg/kg, and near the ChungCheng Bridge over HsinTien River is 258mg/kg, but Mn content in fish muscle is ND. 6. The heavy metal accumulation in Mugil cephalus muscle and its size are only correlated with Cd (0.315)to some extent; besides, they are negatively correlated with other heavy metals, such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Mn.
10
Shen, Hsuan-Yu, and 沈宣妤. "Studies of molecular markers of the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83359980184270426931.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
97
The gery mullet, Mugil cephalus, is an important cultured fish species in Taiwan. The value of the grey mullet can divided into four parts : body, ovary, seminal vesicle,and stomach. The ovaries are the most valuable part. RAPD markers were adopted to select the traits of high GSI of the grey mullet and would expect to be applied in molecule breeding a new generation to ensure the high yields of the ovaries. The selected RAPD markers wered screened from 571 gery mullet DNA samples. We find the RAPD primer of [A] p001G470 with a DNA fragment at 470 bp, [B] p017G430 with a DNA fragment at 430 bp,[F] p043G512 with a DNA fragment at 512 bp, [O] p075G204 with a DNA fragment at 204 bp, [S] p087G442 with a DNA fragment at 442 bp,[T] p087G762 with a DNA fragment at 762 bp,and [Y] p102G374 with a DNA fragment at 374 bp.This seven RAPD fragments and the nested PCR result can prove the alleles existed in the genome of mullet and their GSI were more than 17%.
11
Chien, Angela, and 簡名瑀. "The implications to aquaculture of Mugil cephalus diversity in Taiwan waters." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hg3qv4.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
106
Mugil cephalus is an important aquaculture species in Taiwan because of its highly valuable roe. In order to produce large numbers of ovaries of an adequate size, the mullet fry are captured from the wild and then raised in aquaculture ponds until maturity. However, not all females develop ovaries and some only develop small ovaries. Thus, it seems likely that genetics plays an important role in how the various mullet populations found in Taiwan waters mature and produce such a wide variety of roe sizes under identical aquaculture conditions. The aim of the study is the identification of useful genetic markers for selecting mullet that produce large roe under aquaculture conditions. The correlation of ovary size, body size and gonadosomatic index (GSI) with each mtDNA profile of the cultured mullet has been investigated in detail. The presence of further hidden genetic structure that could help to explain the differences of roe size across mullet populations around Taiwan is also explored by using microsatellites. Three cryptic species of Mugil cephalus (NWP1, NWP2 and NWP3), identified using the multiplex cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ (COⅠ) haplotype-specific PCR, were cultured in aquaculture ponds. The NWP1 females generally have the largest body size, but fail to have developed ovaries by 3 years of age. After an additional year of culture, the NWP1 females were found to yield only small ovaries. By way of contrast, the NWP2 females, which have the smallest body size, generally yield larger ovaries with the size of the roe depending on the age of the fish, 2, 3 or 4 years old. The rarest mitotype, NWP3, produce significantly larger ovaries, as well as a bigger body size, at 3-years old than 3-year-old NWP2 females. Thus, both NWP2 and NWP3 fry can be considered to be suitable subjects for mullet aquaculture. On the other hand, NWP1 fry are not suitable for aquaculture over 3 years or 4 years on economic reasons and should be left as a fishery resource in the sea if possible. The nuclear population genetic structure has also been analyzed using ten microsatellite loci. The sampled Taiwanese populations, whether classified temporally or geographically, was found to be highly dynamic and genetic differentiation into sub-populations at a nuclear DNA levels was found, in addition to the above differentiation on mitotype. However, the level of genetic differentiation on average was weak, FST=0.029. Either the lack of allele fixation or the genetic admixture might occur between the NWP1 and NWP2 mullet, while the NWP3 mullet is the most genetically differentiated. Although the genetic diversity of the NWP1, NWP2 and NWP3 populations showed no recent bottleneck under the strict model used, each mitotypic population may be vulnerable to the increasing fishing pressure, as well as the climate change, in a long term. Thus, the practice of conservation management for the mullet fishery resource is required since M. cephalus are exploited both by capture fisheries and aquaculture in Taiwan.
12
Xu, Xiu Hua, and 許秀華. "Purification and characterization of lipoxygenase from grey mullet (mugil cephalus) gill." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23783146229052356521.
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Li, Xin Mei, and 李欣玫. "Effects of sarcoplasmic proteins of grey mullet (mugil cephalus) on gelation." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31213397611851454636.
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Kelley, Christopher D. "The environmental control of oocyte development in the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10342.
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Chiou, Min-Heng, and 邱敏恒. "The Characteristics of Lipoxygenase in Diseased Cultured grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) Gill." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75596684990571449789.
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Huang, Yu-Ren, and 黃郁仁. "Study on age and growth of mullet (Mugil cephalus) using biological characteristics." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q3bhp3.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
107
This study collected spawning Mugil cephalus (grey mullet) from surrounding waters in the northeastern Taiwan, conducted species identification, age structure analysis and age growth analysis, and provided a reference for fishery management. In order to solve the problem of time-consuming preparation of otoliths, this study collected the biological characteristics of fish and the external morphology of otoliths, and then used the Random Forest algorithm to establish a model for estimating age and evaluating the feasibility of its application. In this study, a total of 380 mullet samples were collected in the northeastern Taiwan from 2014 to 2019 at every winter fishing season (from mid-December to mid-January), with 218 otolith aged. The rapid screening results showed that all specimens belonged to NWP1 among the 3 cryptic species in the Northwest Pacific. The general fishery biological data showed that the body length of female and male fish was 44-67 cm and 40-57.5 cm, and the body weight range was 610-3200 g and 697-2034 g, respectively. Using the fork length and the body weight to calculate their relationship, the results showed no significant difference between sexes. Therefore, length-weight relationship of both sex was pooled and is WE = 2.27 × 10-2 × LF 2.7923. The fish age was estimated by otolith slices. The oldest fish in all sample was 10 years old (n=2, 0.9%), and the youngest on age was 2 years old (n=28, 12.8%). The age composition peaked at age 3 (n=70, 32%), and the age frequency is concentrated in 2-5 years old (n=189, 86.7%). In order to enlarge age dataset, method of back-calculation of fish length at each year from otolith radius were applied, and all 821 data points were used to calculate another VBGE growth equation. Also, the index (φ') for the growth parameter by sex was further calculated. The results are female：Lt = 54.7 × [1-e -0.532 (t+0.2) ], φ’= 3.20, male：Lt = 50.1 × [1- e -0.566 (t+0.2) ], φ’=3.15, and a significant difference was found between sex. The characteristic variables used in the establishment of the Random Forest model are otolith weight, body length, fork length, fish weight, and sex from the fish, and the dependent variable is age. The results of the random forest model establishment show that the Out of bag error (OOB, out of bag error) is 58.17%. The important predictor variable is otolith weight. There is no significant difference in the VBGE between otolith ageing and random forest model ageing. A comprehensive comparison between the two methods and their feasibility were discussed for future potential development of the application.
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Lin, Yu-Hsuan, and 林郁軒. "Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from grey mullet. (Mugil cephalus L.)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83441731183352121333.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
生物科技學系碩士班
101
The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS)-producing lactic acid bacteria from the intestine of grey mullet. A total of 194 acid-producing bacteria were isolated and four isolated cultures showed inhibitory activities against at least one indicator strain. Strains Enterococcus faecium B3-8 and Ent. thailandicus B3-22 showed the greatest inhibitory activities against Listeria monocytogenes and were therefore further characterized. However, the BLISs from B3-8 and B3-22 showed different characteristics regarding heat sensitivity and antibacterial spectra and were therefore considered as two different inhibitory substances. Besides, it was also found that BLIS from strain B3-22 had a significant inhibitory ability against Lactococcus garvieae strains. The biocontrol ability of strain B3-22 against the Lactococcus garvieae and the potential cell wall-degrading ability of its bacteriocin were therefore further evaluated. The results suggested that the growth of Lactococcus garvieae can be effectively inhibited using either the living culture or the partial purified bacteriocin substance of strain B3-22. The results also indicated that BLIS from strain B3-22 has cell wall-degrading ability against L. garvieae, and can work synergistically with lysozyme. The findings obtained in this study suggest that Ent. thailandicus B3-22 has obvious potential for practical application as a biopreservative in the aquaculture, due to its excellent inhibitory activity against L. garvieae.
18
Kuo, Chia-Chang, and 郭家暢. "Effects of suspended sediments on survivability of the river mullet (Mugil cephalus)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29941820230630289036.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
生命科學系所
104
The cause of fish mass mortality in Taiwan remains dispute. From July 18 to 25, 2013, suspended sediment (SS) concentration of downstream Keelung River increased from 0.05 g/L to 1.94 g/L. Meanwhile, a massive river mullet (Mugil cephalus) die-off event occurred. The media and government attributed the cause of the die-off event to high SS according to the phenomenon that fish gills were severely clogged with fine sediments. Information of SS effects on fishes is not well documented. There is no study on river mullets. The tolerance of fishes to stimulus varies largely among species, so we decide to use kaolin as sediments to examine the effects of SS on river mullets. The mechanisms of effects were investigated by four measurements: quantities of accumulated sediment on the gills, morphology of lamellae, lesions of lamellae, and inter-lamellar cell mass (ILCM). We performed 14 trials using a total of 84 fishes. SS concentrations in this experiment ranged from 0 to 79.3 g/L with 13 specific concentrations. The results of linear regression revealed that the 120 hour maximum non-mortality concentration of SS was 11.1 g/L. The 24, 72 and 120 hour LC50 were approximately 129, 56 and 49 g/L, respectively. The highest mortality was 83%, recorded at a concentration of 79.3 g/L. The body lengths between dead and live fishes were similar, which implies that the body length does not influence tolerance of SS. We didn’t observe any kind of pathological changes on the lamellae. However, in the highest concentration groups, the inter-lamellar cell mass was reduced which may imply the impaired osmoregulation. Unfortunately, the number of sample is so limited that we can’t investigate it any further. We confirmed that the sediments actually clogged in the gill filaments, but the rate of accumulation was speed up after the death of individual fish. In summary, the river mullet’s tolerance concentration to SS was 5.7 times higher than the observed SS peak concentration where the die-off event occurred, which suggests that the high SS was not the main cause of the river mullet die-off event on July 25, 2013, and the quantity of accumulated sediment on the gills of dead fish is not a proper indicator for determining the cause of fish death.
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Lee, Jian-Lin, and 李建霖. "Identification and Immunogenicity of Lactococccus garvieae in Grey Mullet, Mugil cephalus L." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49064098316207754948.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
獸醫學系
93
Streptococcosis was an important bacterial disease in cultured grey mullet ( Mugil cephalus L. ) and caused serious economic losses. From 1997 to 2004, fifty-one cases of diseased grey mullet with Gram-positive streptococcus-like organisms were collected from cultured farms in central Taiwan. Those cases were diagnosed by clinical pathological, histopathological, microbiological and molecular examinations. All diseased fish had congestion and hemorrhage on the body surface, and showed exophthalmia with or without conjunctival hemorrhage and corneal opacity. The main pathological changes were the presence of ascites, polyserositis and meningitis. The bacterial isolates obtained from the diseased fish, were Gram-positive streptococcus-like bacteria, catalase negative, oxidase negative but grew in 0-5％ NaCl broth. All the isolates grew over a wide temperature ranges ( 4-40℃). Expected 750bp PCR amplicons obtained by using a set of universal primers targeting for the 16S rDNA of Gram positive cocci from the isolates were determined and deposited in the GenBank. The results showed Lactococccus garvieae 90％ ( 45/51 ), Streptococcus agalactiae 5％ ( 3/51 ) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae 5％ ( 3/51 ), respectively. Epidemiologically, L. garvieae was a major bacterial pathogen in cultured grey mullet, occurred highly from May to September in Taiwan. Extracellular product profiles of L. garvieae of field strains, L. garvieae, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. iniae of standard strains were analyzed by protein electrophoresis. The results showed L. garvieae from field strains were similar to the standard strains and major molecular weight were about 56, 51 and 45.5 kDa, but they showed very different from S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. iniae. The vaccines were prepared by using formalin- killed whole cells, whole cells adding extracellular products, and lysis of L. garvieae, and evaluated the efficacy in grey mullet. Fish were vaccinated single and booster by intraperitoneal ( i.p. ) injection with 107 and 109 colony-forming units ( CFU ) /fish, respectively. Fish immunized with single dose of whole cells 107 CFU were challenged by a dose of 106 and 108 CFU/fish and had a RPS ( relative percent survival; RPS ) of 67 and 0％, respectively. Fish with single and booster immunization with 109 CFU of the three trial vaccines, were respectively challenged with 106, 108 and 109 CFU/fish and had a RPS between 84-100％. IP immunization of both whole cells adding extracellular products and lysis showed two times of the RPS values higher than the whole cells group. In addition, the immunogenicity of the extracellular protein was identified by Western blots method.
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Huang, Shih-Shan, and 黃詩珊. "Migratory Life History of Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus) Inferred from Otolith Stable Isotopes." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22851908687259096175.
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Lin, Yi-Jun, and 林怡君. "Toxicity study of lead on the cell activation of Grey mullet（Mugil cephalus）." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81684386436557167872.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
95
Abstract The cell model of neurotoxicity set up by PC12 cells. The instantaneous drop in the fluorescence responses after added Pb2+ was decreased immediately. This result indicated the contribution of fluorescence quench in PC12 cells under different concentration of Ca2+ and Pb2+. It’s showed the cellular uptake of Pb2+ in real-time. This increased of Indo-1 fluorescence quench with increasing the concentration of Pb2+ occurred in both the extracellular normal Ca2+ and Ca2+ free medium but was most apparent while 20μM Pb2+ was added to PC12 cells in the Ca2+ free medium. In this experiment of the effects on the calcium reaction in PC12 cells by Pb2+. Added ATP（200μM）as a stimulates drug for activates the Ca2+-ATPase. The concentration of calcium reaction in PC12 cell was being inhibited and three times lower than the control（2756.56±40 nM）by obviously, while the Pb2+ added. The digested cell from the gill , muscle , liver , spleen and bowel of Mugil cephalus fry（5.04±0.12 cm of average long, 2.44±0.15 g of average weight）to be experimental subjects. The instantaneous drop in fluorescence after the addition of Pb2+ was always present and indicated the contribution of fluorescence in all organs cells quench under different concentration of Ca2+ by Pb2+. Show that cellular uptake of Pb2+ in real-time. The maximum of Indo-1 fluorescence quench in cells of gill , muscle , liver , spleen and bowel were 41.67±0.23%, 23.80±0.43% , 49.51±0.80% , 40.23±0.63% and 37.66±0.57, respectively. Effects of different contribution of Pb2+ under extracellular different Ca2+ contribution medium, the maximum of Indo-1 fluorescence quench was the liver cell, secondly was spleen and intestinal cell, the least was the muscle cell. Key words: Lead, Grey mullet（Mugil cephalus）, Indo-1.
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Ya-Huei, Jian, and 簡雅蕙. "Genetic analysis of grey mullet(Mugil cephalus) by microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA sequence." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06910597607701273328.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
95
Abstract Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus is an important commercial species cultured in Taiwan. Due to their valuable ovary product cultured grey mullet can make more profits than other fish species. There are five grey mullet strains found in Taiwan. The superior quality of the ovary product was obtained in some strains and the poor ovary maturation will impede in this industry. However, it has been difficult to distinguish from their ovary size and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Therefore, the microsatellite DNA markers were used to examine those different strains. In this study, Ten polymorphic microstatellites were used in this study. The DNA markers were applied to evaluate the genetic structure of different strains. The microsatellite markers were used to test 14 individuals from two places. The numbers of alleles were from 4~15, respectively. High levels of allelic and genetic diversity were observed in Mcs 6 loci. The polymorphic microsatellites are useful in monitoring genetic diversity of cultured grey mullets. Mitochondrial DNA was used to distinguish the grey mullet fry obtained from the different regions in Taiwan. Specific amplification primers for 12S-rDNA and cytochrome b were designed and used to characterize the species origin. In addition to differentiating grey mullet from Liza carinata, this method is also sensitive to distinguish grey mullet fry from different region.
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Chen, claire, and 陳麗光. "THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF GREY MULLET, MUGIL cephalus L. DURING OOCYTE FINAL MATURATION." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97598961630951692337.
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Lin, Yuan-Chih, and 林淵智. "Histochemical Characteristics of Ontogenetic Development of Skeletal Muscle in Striped Mullet (Mugil cephalus)." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37615937747597782283.
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碩士國立海洋大學
漁業科學學系
89
In different ecological habits, fishes use different muscle fiber composition to execute different swimming movement. In order to understand the swimming performance for the different life mode, the present research studied on the skeletal muscle fiber types of the striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) during their ontogenetic development and annual variation. On the basis of various histochemical characteristics (responses of ATPase, SDH, NADH-TR and LDH) of skeletal muscle fibers, those fiber types in each muscle area were confirmed. White muscle area contained 1 fiber type (IIb). Pink muscle area contained 3 fiber types (I, IIb, IIc). Red muscle area, including 3 zones (S, T, R), contained 2 fiber types (I, IIc), 1 fiber type (IIc) and 3 fiber types in S (superficial) zone, T zone (between S and R zone) and R zone (between T zone and pink muscle area), respectively. Types and composition of muscle fiber was varied with the fish growing. The ontogenetic change of white muscle was depended on fiber hyperplasia and hypertrophy in fish less than 25 cm TL, and then hypertrophy participated the growth function from 25 cm TL onwards. Some type IIc muscle fibers were found in white muscle area in both August 1999 and 2000. These fibers gradually transit to IIb fibers early winter before spawning migration. These fibers should be from hyperplasia of white muscle for the preparation of migration.
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Hsu, Shu-Chi, and 許舒琦. "The relationship between trace element accumulation and ovarian maturity stage in Mugil cephalus." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91395583097697680358.
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碩士國立中山大學
海洋資源學系
87
Three groups of mullet (Mugil cephalus) including migratory, local and aquacultural mullets, were collected from Taiwan Strait, Da-pong Bay (S.W. Taiwan) and fish pond (S. Taiwan) respectively. Metal concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu were analyzed in muscle, gonad and liver. In addition, the Ag, As, Cd, Co, Se and V concentrations in liver were also analyzed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the metals concentration and ovarian maturity stage, as well as to assess the mullet as a bioindicator of metal pollution. The results showed that Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations in muscle did not revealed significant sexual-, size/age-, and group-differences. The concentration of Zn, Cu and Mn were not affected by the gonadal development and maintained in a constant range. However, the concentration of Fe in muscle was positively related to the GSI (Gonadosomatic Index). In ovary, the levels of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu were not correlated to its size or age. In addition, no significant group differences were found. The concentration of Zn decreased with the increase of GSI, but the Fe, Mn and Cu mostly remained in a constant range and did not show the pattern. Multiple regression analysis results showed that Zn、Cu and Mn in ovary significantly related to the GSI. In wild mullet the equation was GSI=26.0-0.256 [Zn]-2.25[Mn], and in aquacultural mullet it was GSI= 25.0-0.192 [Zn]-3.20 [Cu]. Among the 10 elements measured in the livers of mullet, none was correlated to its size nor age, but significant group differences were found in Cu, Se, As, Cd and Ag concentrations in the liver of three groups of mullets, whereas migratory > local > aquacultural. The concentrations of Zn and Cu in ovary and liver tissues were found to be highly correlated, indicating a possible transfer of metals between the two organs. In muscle, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations was also highly correlated to each other, which might imply the metals in mullet interacted together. Moreover, the liver concentrations of Cu, Cd and Ag were significantly higher than the levels reported by previous studies. Therefore, we propose that the mullet liver could be a good bioindicator for Cu, Cd and Ag pollution.
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江明吉. "The Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Vitellogenin and Aromatase in Grey Mullet, Mugil Cephalus L." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01167180695140864039.
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碩士國立海洋大學
水產養殖學系
83
The objectives of the studies were to investigate the concentrations characteristics of plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and aromatase activity in pituitaries and gonads of grey mullets (Mugil cephalus) during the period of sex differentiation. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of vitellogenin and aromatase were also studied. Seven-month-old grey mullest were divided into three groups, and feed them with pelleted diets mixed individually ethynylestradiol (EE2, 20 mg/kg diet), 17 α-methyl-testosterone (17α-MT, 20 mg/kg diet) and control died for four months. After two and three months treatment, 100% of female and male were detected in the EE2 and 17α-MT groups, respectively; but only 30% of grey mullets had differentiated in the control group. There were no significant profiles of plasma 11-KT during the period of experimental treatment, although the control and EE2 groups had the highest and lowest levels of plasma 11-KT, respectively. Following one month treatment, the aromatase activities in pituitary increased in the EE2 group. Pituitary aromatase activities were significantly higher in EE2 and 17α-MT groups than in the control group after two months treatment, and EE2 group also had higher aromatase activities than 17α-MT group. After the sex differentiation, the aromatase activities in pituitary weresignificantly lower than that during the period of sex differentiation. The gonad aromatase activities were higher in EE2 group than in the 17α-MT and control grouups during the experimental period and there was no significant diference between 17α-MT and control groups. These results indicated that aromatase activities in pituitary and gonad of grey mullets had close relationships with sex differentiation by treatment with sex steroids. A female-specific plasma protein (vitellogenin, Vg) was induced from grey mullet after estradiol-17β (E2) treatment. Vg, the phospholipoglycoprotein, was purified by gel filtration, hydroxylapatite column and gel electrophoresis. There were three circulating forms of Vg; the estimated molecular weights were 531 KDa (Vg I), 367 KDa (Vg II) and 295 KDa (Vg III). The purified Vg had four major subunits (49 KDa, 91 KDa, 132 KDa, 149 KDa), and contained about 35.1% non-polar amino acid. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Vg in grey mullet was set up. The highest levels of plasma Vg of E2-induced grey mullets were 657.3±160.1 mg/ml. Plasma Vg levels were 2.6±0.6 mg/ml in the cultured grey mullets with gonadosomatic indexes of 11.9±2.9%. For preparation of aromatase in the brain of grey mullet, buffer IV (10 mM Hepes, 1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 10 mM dithiothreitol, 3 mM chaps, pH 7.2) was the best buffer. The data showed that 100 mM KCl wasn't good for long-term storage of aromatase, but dithiothreitol and glycerol were better than sucrose in protecting the activity of aromatase. Brain aromatase was purified by gel filtration (Sepharose CL-2B), hydroxylapatite column and high performance liquid chromatography. The first and second fractions after gel filtration contained aromatase activity. Aromatase was further eluted with a 0.3 M potassium phosphate buffer on a hydroxylapatite column. The fraction with the retention time of 19.4 minutes contained aromatase activity after separation with high performance liquid chromatography. The data indicated that the structure of brain aromatase was very special and maybe it comprised five kinds of different molecular weight protein (130 KDa, 95 KDa, 67 KDa, 51 KDa, 43 KDa). There was no immunological cross-reactivity between grey mullet and human, catfish aromatase on the basis of Western blotting.
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Weng, Shao-Ju, and 翁紹儒. "The physiological consequences of temperature adaptation and different phosphoglucose isomerase genotypes in mullet (Mugil cephalus)." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49789032885613833339.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
水產生物學系研究所
95
Two types of mullet, the migratory (M-type) type with Pgi-A100 and resident (R-type) with Pgi-A135, live in different temperature environments around the coastal and estuaries of Taiwan. In this study, we experimented on mullet with 3 genotypes, Pgi-A 100/100, 100/135 and 135/135, and quantifying expressive differences of HSP70 to infer the physiological response. We can go a step further to identify two group of resident type and one migrant type using mtDNA 16s RNA-RFLP. After treating with low temperature for 4 hours, the 100/135 and 135/135 had higher level of HSP70 than 100/100 individuals(P< 0.05); after treating with high temperature for 4 hours, the HSP70 of 100/135 expressed slightly higher than 135/135 but no significantly different between them (P > 0.05). The individuals with Pgi-A135 allele were treated at stressful temperature condition for 48 hours. The HSP70 expression would exponentially increased during 0-8 hours after changing from 20°C to 35°C or 5°C. After 8 hours, HSP70 expression of Pgi-A135 decreased at 35°C but it still had great quantity of expression at 5°C. Therefore, Pgi-A alleles frequency variation among different types of mullet might be due to the force of natural selection.
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Tzeng, Ming-Yen, and 曾明彥. "Life History Traits and Migratory Behavior of Grey Mullet Mugil cephalus in The Tansui River." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78562452752253943877.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
漁業科學研究所
98
To understand the life history traits and the migratory behavior of grey mullets in the Tansui River System, 826 grey mullets were collected during different seasons from 34 sampling sites located on the river mouth of Tansui River to the upper streams, Xindian and Keelung Streams, from April, 2008 to December, 2009. At the same time, the environmental factors such as salinity and algal and benthos densities were also measured. The morphological traits and the monthly changes in GSI of each fish were also measured. The otolith (sagitta) was extracted for age determination and temporal changes of Sr/Ca ratio by Electron microprobe analyzer (EPMA) for identifying the migratory environmental history of the fish. In addition to this, 68 mullets were collected off the coast (salinity: 33 PSU) of Badoutzu in Keelung, north of Taiwan, to validate the relationship between otolith marginal Sr/Ca ratio and environmental salinity. The results indicated that: (1) relative marginal distance (RMD) demonstrated that the year ring of the otolith was completely formed in a period of one year. Age determination by the otolith year rings showed that the age structure in the lower reach of the Tanshui River during winter was composed primary of individuals greater than 3 years old with few less than 1 year old. On the other hand, individuals aged 2 to 3 years old were mostly pooled in Xidian and Keelung Streams. This phenomenon indicated that older mullets migrated to the river mouth for spawning during winter, while the larvae or juveniles recruited into the river during spring, to grow in the middle or upper tributaries of the river until maturity. (2) Otolith Sr/Ca ratio had a positive relationship with environmental salinity, hence, otolith Sr/Ca ratio could be used to trace back the migratory environmental history of fish. Otolith Sr/Ca ratio was significantly different among seawater, estuary, and freshwater (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Mean otolith Sr/Ca ratio greater than 6.383×10-3 indicated that the fish inhabited environment whose salinity was more than 33 PSU. On the other hand, mean otolith Sr/Ca ratio less than 3.283×10-3 indicated that the fish inhabited freshwater. Depending on the Sr/Ca ratio of the primordium, the environment in which the larvae inhabited can be classified into Type 1 (Seawater type), Type 2 (Estuary type), and Type 3 (Freshwater type), respectively. (3) Adult fish more than 1-year old migrated to the high salinity environment during winter, but went back to the river for feeding during summer. In addition, the environment in which the larvae inhabited influenced the habitat use of the adult fish, that is, Type 2 (Estuary type) and Type 3 (Freshwater type) individuals preferred the initial environment until sexual maturity. In general, mullets in the Tanshui River System gradually migrated to the middle and lower stream of the river as they grow. (4) Monthly changes of gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed peak value (8 %) during October, but this value was extremely low, compared to the GSI (20 %) of the spawning group in Northeastern Taiwan. The egg cells of the mullets captured during the spawning season was in vitellogenic stage, and not in final maturation stage. Hence, the probability of mullets spawning in the river was low. (5) The relationship between sex ratio, environmental salinity, and the food density showed that there were more female fish in the nutrient-rich environment, whereas in the nutrient-poor, more male fish were found. This phenomenon indicated that the habitat use of the mullets was influenced by sex. In conclusion, the larvae or juveniles of mullets were wildly distributed in the Tansui River System, growing in the river until sexual maturity. As the fish matured, they migrated to the sea for spawning. Evidences from GSI and egg histology indicated that the possibility of mullets spawning in the river was extremely low. In addition to this, female fish preferred to food-rich environment for growth.
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Jiang, Zong Fen, and 蔣宗芬. "Gel-forming properties and transglutaminase activity of grey mullet (mugil cephalus) muscle during ovary development." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79759304661621930492.
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Cai, Zheng Rong, and 蔡政融. "Characteristics of lipoxygenase in grey mullet (mugil cephalus) gill and their relations to seafood aroma." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01741973370777490846.
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Liao, Mei-Chih, and 廖美智. "Changes in ovarian lipoxygenase activities and lipids of cultured grey mullet (Mugil Cephalus) during ovary development." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47730065461265831213.
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Hsu, Chih-Chieh, and 許智傑. "The relationship between otolith microstructure and early life history events of juvenile grey mullet Mugil cephalus." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22196811083152914241.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
動物學研究研究所
93
Fish otoliths can provide life history information such as age, growth, metamorphosis, habitat use and migratory environmental history. To elucidate the relationship between otolith microstructure and microchemistry and the life history events of the grey mullet Mugil cephalus in the early stage, the daily growth increments, growth check, Sr/Ca ratios and trace elements in otoliths of the juvenile mullets collected from the four estuaries from NE to SW Taiwan coast from 1996 to 2004 were examined by using the light and electron microscopes, electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). A transition check (TC) was found in otoliths of all mullets. The check was characterized by a subsequent convergence of several daily growth increments at a distance of ca 186μm from primordium, which was deposited at ca 14d posthatching irrespective of sampling months, locations and years. In addition, secondary growth zones (SGZ) in otolith edge of the juvenile were discernable. And there is a accessory primordium(AP) in the pinnacle of the SGZ. SGZ was characterized by a needle-like calcium carbonate crystallization, which was deposited at a distance ca 300μm from primordium (ca 28d posthatching) and the timing of occurrence was the same. The Sr/Ca ratios transect revealed a decreasing trend from the otolith core (ca 11×10-3) to SGZ (ca 3×10-3). The Sr/Ca ratios are different between the primordium region and SGZ. Comparison with the developmental stage of artificially propagated larval and juvenile of the mullet, the TC in the otolith was proposed to be corresponded to the larval-juvenile transitional stage. In addition, as the grey mullet juvenile dispersed from the high saline offshore to the low saline estuarine nursery ground, a corresponding SGZ was deposited and a decreasing Sr/Ca ratios were detected in otoliths of the fish. The marks we found in the otolith provide the feasibility in studying the early life history events of the mullet.
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Wu, Tsung-Han, and 吳宗翰. "Purification and Characterization of the Bacteriophages against Streptococcosis Strains Isolated from Farmed Mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus)." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f8fdfb.
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Liu, Chien-Ho, and 劉健合. "Variation of the mtDNA Control Region and Population Genetics of the Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in Taiwan." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31305752915158101375.
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Huang, Chao-Sheng, and 黃朝盛. "Study on Population Structure of Grey Mullet, Mugil cephalus, in East China Sea based on isozyme electrophoresis." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27875933700911675648.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
92
ABSTRACT The resident and migratory types of grey mullets Mugil cephalus have been distinguished by seasonal capture in the coast of Taiwan. However, adults and juveniles can not be separated morphologically into resident and migratory populations. Allozyme analysis was applied to estimate genetic variation between two types of grey mullets and to test whether they belong to different populations. After starch gel electrophoresis, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) exhibited allelic polymorphism. The resident type contained GPI-A*135 and GPI-B, and the migratory type contained GPI-A*100 and GPI-B. In addition, GPI activity of the resident and migratory types expressed different kinetic patterns, and GPI activities of locus A showed two distinct profiles between the two types of mullets. The results broadly revealed that GPI-A allelic frequency was not regulated by environmental changes in resident juveniles even after 6 months thermal acclimation. These findings suggest that the GPI-A allelic difference can be used for population discrimination. The cirumtropically distributed grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) which occurs in waters surrounding Taiwan on the western Pacific fringe is divided into at least two stocks (migratory and residential), but questions regarding the level of genetic divergence and gene flow between them remain to be answered. To cast more light on this, allozyme variations at 21 presumptive gene loci of 1217 adult grey mullet from 15 localities and 4 gene loci from 1522 juveniles from 3 localities were analyzed. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) widely ranged from 0.003 (Kaohsiung) to 0.031 (Nagasaki), and the higher overall mean Fst of 0.303 indicates a very great genetic differentiation among the samples investigated. The results of the investigation for all localities indicated that the frequency of the GPI-A genotype significantly changed with latitudes, e.g., an increase in GPI-A* 135/135 homozygote frequencies and GPI-A* 100/100 frequencies were well correlated with latitudinal cline. The GPI-A genotype in all migratory populations was almost exclusively the GPI-A* 100/100 homozygote. During the life history of the grey mullet, the frequency of the GPI-A* 100/135 heterozygote significantly decreases with age. These data indicate that each GPI-A genotype represents the highest fitness in some portion of the environment.
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Chen, Shu-hwa, and 陳淑華. "Identification anf Characterization on Vitellogenin and Serum Sex Steroid-Binding Protein of Grey Mullet ( Mugil cephalus L. )." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48006802458805615041.
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Lu, Sang Fu, and 盧尚賦. "Effects of dietary oil on fatty acid profile of gonad of cultured female mullet Mugil cephalus L." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71756876251264360897.
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Tsai, Min-Hung, and 蔡旻宏. "Genetic population structure of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in western coast of Taiwan based on microsatellite DNA." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nj59q9.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
水生生物科學系研究所
97
Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is one of the most important economic fish in the coastal waters of Taiwan. They are divided into at least two groups (migratory and residential type). To find out the level of genetic divergence and gene flow between them, we use mtDNA 16S RFLP to identify migratory and residential type and investigate genetic variations of the 5 microsatellite loci. We analyze 173 grey mullet fishes from 3 different locations of Taiwan, where are PuDai prot, TaPong bay and Xing Da port. According to the results of PCR-RFLP, they can be divided into residential type I (R-type I), II (R-type II) and migratory type (M-type). The genetic data of microsatellite are analyzed by AMOVA and assignment tests, they shows that the grey mullet populations in western coast of Taiwan is a panmictic unit. The discordant genetic structuring patterns inferred based on mitochondrial and microsatellite data might indicate that the two different classes of molecular markers may be reflecting different and complementary aspects of the evolutionary history of grey mullet. Mitochondrial data might be reflecting past isolation of grey mullet populations into two distinct groups during last ice age, whereas microsatellite data reveal existence of current gene flow among populations. Moreover, departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in several loci were not only suggest western coast of Taiwan is an important spawning and nursery area, but also inferred grey mullet population may be subject to selective pressure in environmental temperature.
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Nien, Yu-Ling, and 粘育苓. "Spatial-temporal distribution and early growth history of the three cryptic grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) species in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q7u52x.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
104
This study researches on the early life history of 3 cryptic species of Mugil cephalus juvenile in estuaries around Taiwan. Present study collected monthly juvenile samples from November 2013 to March 2014, and firstly discriminates the mullet juvenile individuals collected in varied estuaries by genotyping for understanding their spatial- temporal distribution. Then analyze otolith daily age and microchemistry to investigate the early life history of different species. The most abundant species is NWP2 (81%), and is as high as 100 % in most samples. Monthly appearance in Yilan decreases from 44% in February to 17% in March 2014 and in Tamsui, also decreases to 37% meanwhile. NWP1 accounts of 17% overall, and increases with month, from 56% to 83% between February and March in 2014 in Yilan. Only 2% (all in Checheng) of mullet juvenile is NWP3, and the highest composition (23%) in November 2013 decreased monthly to the lowest 1% in January 2014. Secondly, otolith microstructure was analyze to investigate the early life stage in mullet juveniles. Both daily age (50.4 11.1 days) and duration before settle down (31.5 6.2 days) of NWP2 are smaller than NWP1. NWP2 juveniles peak at 30.0 5.1 mm in length. Both peak length and otolith daily increment increase with time in all estuaries. Mean length of NWP1 is 32.1 3.0 mm, but no significant increase along month. Length of NWP3 averaged at 26.9 3.3 mm and also significantly increases until January 2014 in both length and otolith rings. The results show that both NWP1 and NWP2 have a single spawning ground respectively. Otolith increment widths of NWP2 in Checheng estuary are wilder than other estuaries, which indicate the growth rate is different between various estuaries. According to daily age and sampling date, hatching dates of 3 species mullets were back-calculated. Hatching months of NWP1 are from December 2013 to February 2014, and peak is January. NWP2 hatching months are from September 2013 to January 2014, and peak is December. October 2013 is the only hatching month ofNWP3. These factors which effect growth rate include species, density of food and temperature. According to otolith microstructure and microchemistry analyses Early life history of the mullet juveniles can be divided into three stages, including drifting, transition and stable growth stage. Overall, the mullet larvae spend 32 days at drifting stage before settle down in estuary. The transition stage is approximately 2 weeks to adapt fluctuated environment, and experiencing the trophic transfer to become juveniles in this stage. Then, they grow larger and faster, and migrate to varied feeding ground. Duration of each stage is different between species, and NWP1 generally longer than NWP2. This study shows the habitat change of mullet at different life stage through detailed information recorded in otolith.
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Chuang, Che-Chen, and 莊哲禎. "Effect of climate change on the fishing condition of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37170772234305328676.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
環境生物與漁業科學學系
104
In this study, we collected the long-term (1970-2010) grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) catch data, satellite data (Sea surface temperature; SST) and climatic indices. The purpose of this study was (1) Analysis different regions characteristic of mullet catch fluctuation in Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. (2) Investigate the trend of autumn and winter SST by using Empirical orthogonal function (EOFs). (3) Using wavelet analyze correlation relationships between catch and climate indices. (4) Investigated climate change influences on SST and climatic indices in the annual catch of grey mullet at multiple timescales. The total mullet catch amounted to 564,000 tonnes in the Northwest Pacific Between 1970 and 2010. There are three countries in the Northwest Pacific, respectively Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Each accounts for 46%, 45% and 9% of the total catch. Similar long-term trends were found in the catch rate data of Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Between 1970 and 2010, the catch rate experienced an (a) increasing (decreasing) trend in the period before (after) 1984. But Korea mullet catch keep increasing after 1990. The significant coherence of mullet catchs a periodicity of 13-16 years between Taiwan and Japan between 1970 and 2010, and the catch showed a periodicity of 13-16 years between Taiwan and Korea before 1990. The result show that relationship between mullet catch fluctuation and climatic indices. The identical correlated between WPO and catch rate in the Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. The catch rate in the Japan and Taiwan were significantly correlated with the PDO index, in addition, the catch rate in the Taiwan and Korea was correlated with the NPGO. The significant coherence between mullet catchs and climatic indices with a periodicity of 8-10 years in the Tawian, and the significant coherence between mullet catchs and NPI with a periodicity of 13-16 years in the Northwest Pacific , Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Through Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOFs) found that the similar pattern of SST in autumn and winter. Depending on Spatial distribution of the SST pattern is distinguish four zone, such (A) The Yellow Sea, (B)The Southwest Japan Sea, and (C) The Northeast Japan Sea, (D) in the Taiwan Strait to the East China Sea continental shelf. The results of cross-wavelet analyze showed that the A&D zone of SST with a periodicity in the Korea and Taiwan. The catch rate in the Korea were negative correlated with the A zone of SST in autumn with a periodicity of 1-3 years, but the catch rate were negative correlated with the A zone SST in winter with periodicity of 8 years. The catch rate in the Korea were correlated with the D zone of SST in autumn with a periodicity of 13-16 years between 1970 and 2010, but the catch rate were correlated with the D zone SST in winter and with periodicity of 1-2 years between 1970 and 2010. The catch rate in the Taiwan were negative correlated with the D zone SST in winter with periodicity of 8-12 years after 1995. The low-frequency coherence with PDO and NPI demonstrates the decadal modulation of meridional teleconnection via ocean-atmosphere interactions in the Northwest Pacific. The interannual coherence with WPO suggests that the shorter-term climate variability in the Japan and Korea. The grey mullet catch fluctuation may be influenced Spawning migration by multi-timescale climate variability in the Taiwan.
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Shi, Yi Ru, and 施怡如. "Steroidal profiles and characteristics of serum steroid-binding proteins during oocyte maturation in grey mullet (mugil cephalus L.)." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37408410593786817858.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
漁業科學研究所
83
The grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L.,is one of commercially important teleosts suitable for culture. The ovarian maturation of female could be induced out-of-season by the enviromental manipulations of photoperoid and temperature. The steroid profiles of serum and the characteristics of serum steroid-binding proteins in grey mullet during oocyte maturation induced by hCG were monitored. Serum levels of E2 and T decreased as final oocyte maturation progressed. While the levels of P, 17 α -P and 17 α, 20 β -DHP all increased significantly coincident with the initiation of oocyte maturation. The result indicates the steroigenic pathway of ovary was shift from C18 to C21 steroids. Among other tested C21 steroids, 17 α, 20 β -DHP level was strikingly elevated during the maturation process peaked at subperipheral and GVBD stages.The finding way suggests that 17 α, 20 β -DHP is likely the maturational steroid in grey mullet. The detection of specific steroids binding serum proteins was determined by equilibrium dialysis method. Binding properties for E2 and T were analyzed according to Scatchard and by a linear plot, and indicated a single class of binding sites. For P, 17 α -P and 17 α, 20 β -DHP, Scatchard plot revealed two different binding sites: a hight affinity binding site and a low affinity biinding site. The results demonstrated no correlation between serum steroids and steroid-binding capacity during the maturational process in grey mullet. By competitive binding experiments, serum proteins may be classified in two groups according to their specificity: a single protein binding specifically to C18 and C19 steroids, and the other binding specifically to C21 steroids.
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Chou, Rui Yun, and 仇瑞芸. "Changes in ovarian protease activities and free amino acids of cultured grey mullet (mugil cephalus) during ovary development." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72966080952843868766.
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CHEN, CUI-YAO, and 陳翠瑤. "Protease distribution and characteristics in grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) digestive tract and in-vitro digestibility of feed protein." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18707513497722366655.
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Xu, Xiu-Hua, and 許秀華. "Effects of dietary vitamin E on blood viscosity and erythrocyte fatty acid profile of cultured mullet (Mugil cephalus)." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43051236111518474890.
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Tsai, Ming-Ann, and 蔡明安. "Studies on Biotyping, Genotyping of Lactococcus garvieae and Their Effect on Grey Mullet ( Mugil cephalus L. ) Immune System." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73361914248920342219.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
獸醫學系
93
Lactococcus garvieae is a zoonotic pathogen and rare pathogen with a low virulence in human infection. In Taiwan, it causes infection grey mullet and giant freshwater prawn during summer. Gross pathological showed clouding of cornea, splenomegaly and external haemorrhage. Histopathologically, they showed meningoencephalitis. Physiological and biochemical characteristics of all L. garvieae strains were Gram positive cocci. Almost strains were able to grow at high temperature and media in high salt and pH 9.6. The capsular type of L. garvieae were examined by capsule stain. Capsular phenotype were found in all strains isolated from grey mullet and non-capsular phenotype were found only in one strain isolated from giant freshwater prawn in Taiwan. The phenotypic and genetic analysis results were present for by rapid ID 32 STREP and pulsed field gel eletrophrosis ( PFGE ), respectively. There was 9 phenotypes in L. garvieae isolated from grey mullet and 11 phenotypes in Taiwan. However, L. garvieae from grey mullet exhibited one genotype only and L. garvieae in Taiwan exhibited six genotypes. The formalin-killed whole cell vaccines of L. garvieae III were prepared. Grey mullet were inoculated intraperitioneally with formalin-killed whole cell vaccine from five strains of L. garvieae and followed by a secondary IP injection after primary immunization. Increased nitro blue tetrazolium activity were observed in 3 strains at 2 weeks after primary immunization. However, decreased lysozyme activity were observed in 3 strains at 2 weeks after primary immunization. Peaked antibody titer in the serum of grey mullet were observed at week 6 and 8 after primary immunization and agglutinating titer of 256 in grey mullet were observed. On the cross reactivity, all antisera were not agglutinated capsulated Japanese isolate except it’s homologous bacteria.
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YE, WEN-TANG, and 葉文棠. "Effect of freezing and frozen storage on muscle integrity and myofibrillar protein aggregation of cultured grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44479641408128860037.
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XU, JN-FENG, and 徐錦豐. "Effect of vitamin E on physiological properties and blood characteristics of cultured female grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) during maturation." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12538114504578740002.
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Jamandre, Brian Wade Delizo, and 賈曼德. "PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF FLATHEAD MULLET MUGIL CEPHALUS IN THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC DERIVED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL REGION." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49364982029708697430.
Full textAbstract:
博士臺灣大學
漁業科學研究所
98
The flathead mullet Mugil cephalus is a coastal bound and circumglobally distributed fish, and the fishery is one of the most important commercial fisheries in many parts of the world. Its life history and population dynamics have been intensively studied but its genetic structure and phylogeography remained unresolved. This study investigated the phylogeographic structure, genetic diversity, and evolutionary history of M. cephalus in the Northwest Pacific region based on the analysis of the mitochondrial control region (mtDNA CR) sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the CR sequences indicated that M. cephalus in the Northwest Pacific was composed of two highly divergent lineages: Lineage 1 from the East China Sea and Lineage 2 from the South China Sea. The specimens of the former were collected from Taiwan and Qingdao of North China, while those of the latter from the Philippines, Pearl River of South China, and Japan. The specimens from Okinawa and Yokosuka of Japan were a mixing between lineages 1 and 2. Historical demographic variables of both lineages indicated that Pleistocene glaciations might have strong impacts on the distribution and division of the population of M. cephalus in the northwest Pacific, resulting in a recent demographic decline for the East China Sea population but in demographic equilibrium for the South China Sea population. The results of the Phylogeographic analysis also indicated that such impacts were more drastic at high latitudes than at low latitudes, suggesting that Lineage 1 and Lineage 2 were isolated during the Pleistocene era. The mtDNA CR sequence variations between two M. cephalus lineages largely exceeded intraspecific polymorphisms that are generally observed in other vertebrates. Therefore, the structure and sequence variations of the CR gene between M. cephalus lineages from northwest Pacific were further analyzed by comparing them with those from African, other Pacific, and Atlantic regions to assess their usefulness for the phylogeographic study. In order to prove the high mutation rate or divergence rate found in M. cephalus is not due to the mutational bias of the CR gene, mitochondrial cytochrome b (mtDNA cyt b) of a few northwest Pacific mullets were also sequenced and analyzed to determine their evolutionary rate and compared to that of the CR gene. The length of CR sequence varied among M. cephalus populations due to the presence of indels and variable number of tandem repeats at the 3’ hypervariable domain. The high evolutionary rate of the CR gene was probably originated from these mutations. The CR showed higher sequence variation as compared with the cyt b. However, there was no clear indication of the saturation on the nucleotide substitutions in these two mitochondrial genes. The high CR divergence among worldwide populaions of M. cephalus inferred from the phylogenetic tree indicated the occurrence of a rapid radiation in its evolutionary history, a peculiar case for an estuarine species with global distribution. The results of this study showed that the high divergence of M. cephalus lineages might be due to its rapid radiation of the species in evolution and to the geographic isolation caused by geological events. Therefore, in congruence to the growing number of evidences, results obtained from this study, and its worldwide scale distribution, M. cephalus is recognizable as a complex species.
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Yen, Tsung-Hsin, and 葉宗賢. "Study on the Impact of Ocean-Atmospheric Fluctuation of Grey Mullet（Mugil cephalus L.）catches in waters off Taiwan." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14501088480361038132.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立海洋大學
漁業科學學系
90
Abstract Grey mullet（Mugil cephalus Linnaeus）, one of the most commercially important fish species in Taiwan. Its production has been declined and fluctuated greatly in recent years. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate how the catch of grey mullet in waters off Taiwan, affected by oceanic-atmospheric fluctuation in short-term, mid-term and long-term time scales. Principal component analysis （PCA）was applied to disclose the catch of grey mullet affected dominantly by the ocean-atmospheric factors. Time series analysis and satellite remote sensing were also used to display the cyclic variation, in three different time scales, and also the relationships between catch and sea surface temperature（SST）. Fuzzy classification analysis was utilized to classify catches and discriminate analysis was then applied to construct the forecasting model. The results are listed as follows:（1） PCA segregates five dominant ocean-atmospheric and environmental factors, that are: Hsin-chu SST, SST difference between Hsin-chu and Yangtze River, SST difference between Hsin-chu and Fang-liao, wind speed in Peng-hu, and atmospheric pressure in Peng-hu; （2） Both long-term （20-year and 30-year） and mid-term （3.5-year and 2.3-year）cycles of catch fluctuation can be identified by time series analysis; （3） Long-term fluctuation of catch shows a negative relationship with SST in Hsin-chu as well as high atmospheric pressure from China（APC）. The APC were relatively weak during 1960〜1970 and 1990〜2001, thus Coastal Current from mainland was unable to intrude western Taiwan resulting higher SST and poor catch, respectively. These sceneries were completely different during 1970〜1990, while APC were relativity high; (4) The mid-term fluctuation of catch synchronizes El Niño or La Niño cycles. The strength of Kuroshio branch weaken during El Niño events. The current boundary by both Coastal Current from Mainland and Kuroshio is formed more south at Yun-Chag Rise, where the ideal spawning ground of Grey Mullet. During La Niño events, the boundary moves to north of Yun-Chang Rise. Consequently, fishery production was reduced to low levels and also the successful rate of spawning decreased significantly; And, (5) in normal years fishing activates took place 20 days after winter solstices. Atmospheric pressure was negatively correlated to catch with lag time of 3 days. During El Niño years major fishing activates occurred within 10 days before and after winter solstices, just one day after southward displacement of high atmospheric pressure; (6) The fishing conditions can be classified into 4 grades (A, B, C and D) by using Fuzzy classification analysis. A forecasting model was constructed and 100％ correct classification rates can be achieved for both A and D grades. However, only 85.7％ and 37.88％ are classified correctly for B and C, respectively.
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LIOU, KAI-CHEN, and 劉鎧郴. "The cost-benefit analysis for different stocking densities of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) polyculture with white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d8zm96.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
水生生物科學系研究所
107
This study focused on the polyculture of the mullet (Mugil cephalus) and the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) within two ways: polyculture experiment and questionnaire. The polyculture experiment analyzes by using different stocking densities between the mullet and the shrimp while questionnaire investigation was conducted in mullet farmers in Chiayi and Tainan to study the economic profits for the different percentage of polyculture for the mullet and the shrimp, and use it as a reference for the strategy of aquaculture management. The polyculture experiment stock the mullets (one year old; 300-400g ) in three different ponds with densities of 5000 (A pond), 4600( B pond), and 6000(C pond) mullets per hectare, and densities of 2300 thousand shrimps (0.5- 0.8 cm) per hectare. The results showed that the survival rate of the mullets in group A , B and C were 68.02%, 47.21%, and 67.11% while the survival rate of the shrimps in group A, B and C were 10.9%, 4.4%, 0.8% respectively after 180 days. The net profit equals the income (mullet body plus mullet roe plus white shrimp) minus operating costs ( larva plus feed plus electricity plus other expenses). After six months of breeding, the net profit of pond A, B, and C(0.3 hectare) were 175, 33, and 73 thousand dollars respectively. The result showed that the polyculture of 500 mullets per hectare with 2300 thousand shrimps per hectare obtain better economic benefits. According to the questionnaire, mullet farmers can be roughly categorized into three scales, which are less 1800, 1800 to 3000 and more than 3000 mullets per hectare. Mullet farmers stock the mullets with white shrimps a year as the main breeding mode, the pond with more than 3000 mullets per hectare had the highest income, the average was 930 thousand dollars per hectare (p< 0.05), moreover, within the range of total biomass approval, the stocking amount and the harvest amount are positively correlated. However, the pond with 1800 to 3000 mullets per hectare had the highest net profit and benefit cost ratio, which is 590 thousand dollars per hectare and 1.1.