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Journal articles on the topic 'Muga silkworm'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Sarkar, B. N., Abhishek Singh, L. Guha, M. Majumdar, and H. Hridya. "Morphological Variation of Antheraea assamensis Helfer upon Semi-domestication: A Study on Rearing, Disease Incidence and Seed Production Performance." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 45, no. 5 (March 24, 2023): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i52117.

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Muga silkworm is multivoltine and primarily feeds on two primary food plants Som (Persea bombycina King. syn. Machilus bombycina) and Soalu (Litsea polyantha Kost. syn. Litsea monopetala). Muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis (n=15) is a semi-domesticated silk moth mentioned in literature as early 1662 BC. In its annual life cycle there are six crops of cultivated muga silk worm whose nomenclature is based on the local Assamese names of month. By virtue of the narrow ecological distribution of host food plant Antheraea assamensis is confined to only Assam and North East state of India. Empirical observations show that the population is declining due to depletion of natural habitat and lack of genetic variability among population. The wild muga silkworm which is tri or tetra voltine in nature is also found nearby forest area of human habitat in different host plant in N E state of India. A stock of wild muga silkworm collected from the nearby area of Nongpoh and Mendipathar Meghalaya. reared and maintained in muga farm and grainage activities of both wild and cultivated muga were conducted for comparative study. Details of morphology, economic characters and disease occurrence of wild and cultivated muga was studied for future improvement and breed development and also for future strategy of muga silkworm. The morphology of wild muga silkworm are little variant than cultivated muga and economic characters i.e. fecundity of wild muga was recorded 220 - 227 nos. in against the fecundity of cultivated muga observed 120-170 nos. and one gram total numbers of egg contain 120 -135 nos in wild muga in against 134 -145 nos.in cultivated muga. Average cocoon weight wild muga cocoon is ♂= 5.80 g & ♀= 6.60 g in against average cocoon weight ♂= 5.10 g & ♀= 5.54 g in cultivated muga silkworm. Average shell weight ♂= 0.51 g & ♀= 0.60 g in wild muga silkworm and average shell weight ♂= 0.43 g & ♀= 0.51 g in cultivated muga silkworm were recorded. Study revealed that the fecundity, weight of eggs, cocoon weight and shell weight are higher in wild muga silkworm than cultivated muga silkworm. Thereafter it is found that only protozoon disease was reported in wild muga silkworm and other disease i.e. Flacherie, Grasserie, Muscardine was not reported in wild muga silkworm. The mono race muga have no high yielding breed or hybrid and hence breeding programme between wild and cultivated muga may be carried out to get more heterosis, vigourity and yield enhancement.

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2

Saicharan, Dharavath, Ravi Kumara R, Lopamudra Guha, and Kartik Neog. "Impact of Natural and Mechanical Mating on Fecundity and Egg Retention in Muga Silkworm, Antheraea assamensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 5 (April 6, 2024): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52411.

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Lepidopteran muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis belonging to Saturnidae is an economically important insect geographically endemic to Assam and the northeastern region of India. Like any other insect species, oviposition is one of the most vital aspects of A. assamensis as it allocates the majority of its energy during its lifecycle. Muga silkworm seed production technology has still not been studied much in detail. The demand for silkworm seeds rises during the commercial rearing season in the region, Central Silk Board has established seed production centres to cater for the demand of the sericulture industry. The number of seed cocoons processed for commercial seed production is 1.5-2.5 lakhs per annum. Muga silkworm emergence pattern is asynchronous, no. of male and female moths is not equal during operations. A. assamensis is nocturnal in habit, and emergence and coupling take place at night. Due to the asynchronous pattern of emergence, it is quite often that female moths run out of mates in the seed production centres. Due to the depleting number of potential male mates, the mating will be done mechanically by putting male female moths in a bamboo box to save the time and energy of silk moths. So, an experiment was conducted to study the difference in fecundity between naturally mated and mechanically mated muga silkworms and its impact on mating duration at Silkworm Seed Production Centre, Kaliabari, Boko, Assam during commercial crop (April-May & Oct-Nov) of 2023. The results of the study showed that maximum fecundity was observed in silkworms which are naturally mated with 214±12.08 eggs per female. Whereas, the mechanically mated muga silkworm females showed slightly less fecundity compared to naturally mated females with 203.2±12.77 eggs per female. The results on egg retention showed a clear difference with 18.6±4.77 and 16.6±8.64 eggs per female in natural and mechanical mating, respectively. The slightest reduction in fecundity and increased egg retention in female moths might be due to the impact of mechanical mating on mating duration which reported only 5.5±1.29 hrs, whereas natural mating facilitated a higher mating duration with 8.2±1.30hrs, respectively. This study showed the significance of mating type (natural and mechanical) and its impact on fecundity and egg retention of muga silkworm.

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3

K N, Suhas. "Cocoon Care : Transformative Monitoring For Sericulture." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 14, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33908.

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Sericulture is the process of cultivating silkworms and extracting silk from them. The caterpillars of the domestic silk moth (also called „Bombyx Mori‟) are the most commonly used silkworm species in sericulture. Other types of silkworms (such as Eri, Muga, and Tasar) are also cultivated for the production of „wild silks‟. Silk is known as the queen of textiles due to its softness, durability, and luster. Furthermore, the silk fibers provide characteristics that are superior toany other type of fiber (e.g., water absorbency, heat resistance, dyeing efficiency, and luster). This textile is obtained from cocoons spun by larvae known as silkworm (Bombyx mori), which were discovered in China between 2600 and 2700 BC. The process of silk production is known as sericulture, beginning with the rearing of the silkworm1

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4

Singh, Abhishek, Vikram Kumar, M. Majumdar, Lopamudra Guha, and Kartik Neog. "A Comprehensive Review of Insect Pest Management in Muga Silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer): Current Scenario and Future Prospects." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 5 (March 7, 2024): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52355.

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Muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer), renowned for its natural production of prized golden silk, is native to Assam and adjacent regions in North-Eastern India. However, outdoor rearing of Muga silkworms exposes them to environmental fluctuations year-round, resulting in significant crop losses due to insect pests. Notably, pre-seed crops (Aherua and Jarua) and seed crops (Chotua and Bhodia) experience significantly higher losses compare to commercial crops (Jethua and Kotia). This paper presents a thorough analysis of insect pests impacting Muga silkworm rearing, classified according to activity periods and intensity of attacks. Primary insect pests include Exorista sorbillans (Uzi fly), Apanteles glomeratus (Brachonid fly), ants and wasps. Uzi fly inflicts damage during winter (November to February), primarily affecting 4th and 5th instar Muga larvae, leading to substantial losses during cocoon harvest in March-April, jeopardizing seed production for subsequent Jethua (April-May) commercial crops. Apanteles glomeratus and ants pose threats during summer. Vespa orientalis (wasp) causes damage to late instars from April to September. Chemical control methods are discouraged due to their adverse effects on silkworms. Therefore, urgent research into environmentally sustainable pest management strategies tailored to Muga rearing's specific needs and limitations are warranted. This review synthesizes detailed descriptions of identified pests, challenges in insect pest management, and discusses various mitigation strategies, offering insights into the biology of major insect pests affecting Muga silkworms and evaluating the effectiveness of different pest management approaches.

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5

Choudhury, Arundhati, Archana Yadav, Bala G. Unni, and Dipali Devi. "Effect of Partially Purified Protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain AC-3 on Antheraea assama Westwood Larvae." Journal of Entomological Science 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-40.2.197.

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The protease released by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain AC-3, a causal organism of flacherie disease in Antheraea assama Westwood silkworms, was characterized and its activity against muga silkworm larvae was assessed in laboratory studies. When grown in casein broth maximum protease production occurred when the strain was cultivated for 60 h. This protease was partially purified by acetone precipitation and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Its molecular weight was approximately 35,000 da. The partially purified protease reduced larval survivability in vivo. The hemolymph protein profile revealed an apparent detrimental effect of the protease on biologically important proteins of silkworm larvae.

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6

Singh, Ningthoujam Tiken, Harjeet Singh, and Brajendra Choudhury. "Altitude variation and muga silkworm rearing." Indian Journal of Entomology 81, no. 4 (2019): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2019.00140.8.

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7

G. Swathiga, G. Swathiga, S. Manimegalai S. Manimegalai, and E. Arasakumar E. Arasakumar. "Growth Attributes of Eco Races of Eri Silkworm, Philosamia Ricini Donovan in the Western Zone Conditions of Tamil Nadu." Current Agriculture Research Journal 10, no. 3 (January 5, 2023): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.10.3.14.

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One of the most economic exploitation, widely cultivated, and financially viable non-mulberry silkworms is the eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini). The feeds that eri silkworms consume have a significant impact on their yield and silk production. A study was conducted to assess the growth characteristics of the eco races of the eri silkworm in the circumstances of western region of Tamil Nadu. The Central Muga and Eri Research Institute in Jorhat, Assam provided the eco races of eri silkworm. Three replications of the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) were used to set up the treatments. By feeding worms with castor leaves in the cellular rearing method, the growth characteristics of eco races of eri silkworm, specifically the larval parameter and cocoon parameter, were examined. Among the eco races of eri silkworm in comparison with standard F1 hybrid, the eco race Jonai recorded the maximum growth attributes such as larval weight (7.09 g), cocoon weight (3.93 g), shell weight (0.66 g), shell ratio, ERR (16.78 %) which was on par with F1 hybrid followed by Khanapara and Titabar. The least was observed in Barpathar and Adogiri. This study reveals that among ten eco races of eri silkworm, the eco race Jonai recorded performed well in western zone condition of Tamil Nadu and it can be commercially reared in alternative to Commercial F1 breed.

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8

Sharmila, Banu G., and R. Latha. "Extraction and quantification of 1-Deoxynojirimycin in Silkworm during metamorphosis and moulting stages." Research Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1801rjbt15021.

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The contents of 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were examined using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography at various developmental stages. Mulberry leaves and silkworms naturally contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ). Although the contents of DNJ and its actions in mulberry leaves have been studied for decades, the content of DNJ in silkworms and its use have received less attention. DNJ was extracted and quantified in a variety of silkworms including Tasar silkworms, Muga silkworms, Eri silkworms and Mulberry silkworms. Group VI silkworms are more active than the others. Then, for male and female larvae of silkworm species, the variation in DNJ contents was examined. Silkworm larvae's 1-DNJ concentration varies greatly depending on their developmental stage. Male larvae (133.25 ± 11.45 mg/100g) and female larvae (129.65 ± 10.25 mg/100g) are substantially higher in both male and female mulberry silkworms. The larvae of the 3rd and the 5th day were used to calculate the DNJ. Male larvae had a higher 1-DNJ accumulation efficiency than females and there was also a significant difference between silkworm strains. The current findings demonstrate that 1-DNJ tissue distribution is substantially increased in the blood, intestinal juice and the alimentary canal while none was found in the silk gland. Furthermore, 1-DNJ was not detected in silkworms fed with an artificial diet devoid of mulberry leaf powder. This shows that silkworms get 1-DNJ from mulberry leaves; they could not make it on their own. During the larval stage, the storage and excretion of 1-DNJ fluctuate. 1-DNJ was not found in newly hatched larvae and it was primarily accumulated during the early and middle stages of each instar, before being expelled at later stages. Furthermore, 1-DNJ can be extracted from larval excrement, making it ideal for the development of 1-DNJ-related goods.

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9

Singh, P., Babu Lal, and P. Das. "studies on the differences in the loss of moisture from the harvested Som leaves." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 9, no. 1/2 (June 1, 2002): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2002-bq3yl6.

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Moisture content of the harvested Som leaves plays a vital role in successful indoor rearing of muga silkworm Antheraea assama. Considerable delay is noticed between harvesting of leaf and feeding to silkworm during Chotua (February to March) and Aherua (June-July) muga seed crops during indoor rearing. After harvest, the leaves lose their moisture gradually. The loss of moisture during 9.00 A.M. to 4.00 P.M. was determined in the 8 morphotypes of Som (Machilus bombycina). The loss of moisture was least (6.19%) in morphotype M (5) and maximum (24.75%) in M (1), in others it was 9.12% in M (2); 10.57% in M (3); 7.88% in M (4); 6.12% in M (6); 6.36% in M (8) and 7.04% in M (7). Hence M (5) morphotype is recommended for the use in indoor rearing of muga silkworm. Significant differences were also observed among these morphotypes with regard to the leaf area and stomatal numbers. The morpho-anatomical features of the leaf were found to influence the degree of loss of moisture from the leaves.

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10

Subrahmanyam, G., R. Das, R. Debnath, M. Chutia, K. M. Ponnuvel, and K. Sathyanarayana. "Characterization of bacterial pathogens in Muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 3(SI) (June 3, 2023): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-07.

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Aim: To identify and characterize the bacterial pathogens associated with bacteriosis in muga silkworm, A. assamensis. Methodology: The mid gut of diseased silkworm, A. assamensis was dissected and bacterial pathogens were cultured. Bacterial pathogens were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Insect bioassay studies were conducted to understand the pathogenicity of bacterial isolates. Results: Bacterial pathogens were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus mycoids. Under laboratory conditions, approximately 70% mortality of A. assamensis larvae was due to P. aeruginosa, while 50% larval mortality was due to B. mycoids. Interpretation: P. aeruginosa was relatively more pathogenic to A. assamensis than B. mycoids. Further, a graph on disease progression was developed to understand the trajectory of bacteriosis in A. assamensis. Key words: Bacteriosis, Disease progression, Muga silkworm, Pseudomonas sp., 16S rRNA sequencing

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11

Thangavelu, K., A. K. Bhagowati, and A. K. Chakroborty. "Diapause potential in muga silkworm, Antheraea assama." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 8, no. 01 (February 1987): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400006974.

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12

Padaki, Naveen V., Amal Bhattacharya, Brojeswari Das, Brajendra Choudhury, SN Mishra, and BK Singh. "Studies on the Influence of Seasonal and Regional Aspects on the Quality of Muga Silk." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-18-01-2014-b004.

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Muga is an exclusive naturally golden coloured wild silk obtained by the Antherea assamensis silkworm species grown in the north-eastern region of India. Although many research studies on Bombyx mori silk can be found, but studies that involve muga silk is uncommon. This article attempts to characterise the muga cocoon of two commercially available crops (Kotia and Jethua) in three prominent muga rearing regions. Reeling studies on these have also been conducted to assess the regional and seasonal influences on silk reelability performance. Kotia cocoons are found to possess better cocoon quality and reeling performance in comparison to Jethua muga cocoons.

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13

Nagal, Anubhav, and Rajeev K Singla. "Applications of Silk in Drug Delivery: Advancement in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 03, no. 03 (2013): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2013.25.

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Silk is one of the important natural protein fibre produced by certain insect larvae, Major source are mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori, Tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta, Oak tasar silkworm Antheraea proyeli, Eri silkworm Philosamia ricini and Muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis. Silk is having pleotropic effect of being novel aid in drug delivery because of its properties like self-assembly, mechanical toughness, processing flexibility, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Silkworm silk has been widely used as biomedical sutures, 3D- silk fibroin scaffolds, films, nanofibers, nanoparticles, microspheres, for coatings, microneedles etc. Present review article covers these with sufficient information. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved.

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14

Saikia, Dipankar, Lohit Ch Dutta, Monimala Saikia, Th Aruna Singha, Inee Gogoi, and Dipika Das. "Effect of Season on Reproductive Parameters of Muga Silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer)." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 01 (2023): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i01.045.

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The study was undertaken at the Department of Sericulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat (Assam) to find out the impact of season on reproductive parameters of muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer in autumn and spring season. The study revealed that though the fecundity was registered better in autumn; hatching percentage of egg (seed) of the muga silk moth performed better in spring season. Although season had significant effect on weight of eggs but non significant effect was observed on oviposition period and hatching period of muga silk moth eggs.

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15

Bhardwaj, Nandana, Yogendra Pratap Singh, Dipali Devi, Raghuram Kandimalla, Jibon Kotoky, and Biman B. Mandal. "Potential of silk fibroin/chondrocyte constructs of muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis for cartilage tissue engineering." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 21 (2016): 3670–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb00717a.

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A three-dimensional porous scaffolds based on muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis was fabricated and well characterized for cartilage tissue engineering, which may present as noteworthy targets for the further development in chondrocytes based cartilage repair.

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16

Mahaswetta Saikia. "Zymograms as a Tool to Detect PPIs in Host plants of Antheraea Assamensis." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, no. 4 (November 1, 2023): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44i4.1422.

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Antheraea assamensis (vernacular: ‘muga’) larvae is commercially reared on two tree species of the Lauraceae family, Persea bombycina and Litsea monopetala for its golden yellow, lustrous cocoon silk. Biochemical and molecular studies suggested that the midgut digestive enzymes and their transcripts in larvae feeding on P. bombycina differ from those found in larvae feeding on L. monopetala indicating that host plant 'choice' affects the digestive physiology of this insect. Ingestion of plant proteinase inhibitors is known to influence expression of digestive enzymes. Using reverse zymography technique trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors were detected in herbivore-induced leaves of L. monopetala and P. bombycina that could inhibit midgut proteinases of A. assamensis. Such interactions may affect proteolytic digestion in larvae reared on different host plant species. This work may have significance in quality of silk produced by muga silkworm, ultimately benefiting the silkworm rearers/industry.

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17

Thangavelu, K., A. K. Bhagowati, and A. K. Chakraborty. "Inbreeding depression of heterosis in muga silkworm, Antheraea assama." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 7, no. 06 (December 1986): 723–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400011784.

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18

Babulal, A. Siddiqui, R. Khatri, A. Sharma, B. Chowdhury, and P. Das. "Studies on impact of intercroping with Litsaea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. a primary food plant of muga silkworm." Indian Journal of Forestry 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2005-tt4x37.

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Persea bombycina King, (Som) and Litsea monopetala, (Soalu) are grown abundantly for rearing of Muga Silkworm Antheraea assama for production of lustrous golden muga silk in North Eastern Region particularly in Assam. Package of practices for propagation and raising of systematic plantation of both the species have been developed and adopted by the farmers ar large scale. Plants become ready for silkworm rearing after 3 years of plantation. To provide additional income, regular cultural practices and to increase production and productivity per unit area an experiment was conducted at Regional Muga Research Station, Boko in lower Assam by cultivating intercrops both in Kharif and Rabi seasons during the years 1996 to 1999 in Soalu plantations raised in 3x3 and 4x4 metre spacing. Net return per acre from intercrops in both spacing has been worked out. The effect of intercrops on plantations has also been studied through leaf yield and its contributing characters. The study reveals that Cucumber in kharif season and Brinjal in rabi season are most remunerative in both spacing. Intercropping helps in increase in leaf yield to the tune of 135 kgs per acre in 3x3 metre and 192.5 Kgs per acre in 4x4 metre spacing during gestation period.

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19

Chetia, Hasnahana, Debajyoti Kabiraj, Deepika Singh, Ponnala Vimal Mosahari, Suradip Das, Pragya Sharma, Kartik Neog, Swagata Sharma, P. Jayaprakash, and Utpal Bora. "De novo transcriptome of the muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis (Helfer)." Gene 611 (May 2017): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2017.02.021.

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20

Mech, D., and Vijay N. "INDIGENOUS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE FOR HIGHER FECUNDITY OF MUGA SILKWORM SEEDS." PLANT ARCHIVES 22, Spl. Issue (VSOG) (November 15, 2022): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2022.v22.specialissue.018.

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21

Vaidya, Shubhangi, and Ulka Yadav. "Rearing performance of Philosamia ricini (Eri silkworm) in different seasons of Ujjain district." Environment Conservation Journal 15, no. 3 (December 20, 2014): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2014.15317.

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India has the unique distinction of being only country producing all the five commercially traded varieties of natural silk namely Mulberry, Eri, Muga, Temperate tasar and Tropical tasar. The silk produced by Philosama ricini is called Eri silk. Eri silk is known as Non Violence silk or Piece silk. It is also said to be Poor Person’s silk. The Eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini) is multivoltine, holometabolus, non-mulberry, completely domesticated and feed on castor (Ricinus communis) leaves.We observed the effect of different seasons on rearing performance of Eri silkworm in respect of different larval parameters (larval weight, larval length, ERR% and pupation) and cocoon parameter (cocoon weight, pupae weight, shell weight & shell %). Our findings clearly indicated that the rearing performance of Eri silkworm was better in spring season than winter and autumn season of Ujjain district M.P.

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22

Gogoi, S., Meghali Borua, and R. Rajan. "Induced auto-octoploidy in Som, Persea Bombycina (King Ex Hook. F.) Kosterm." Indian Journal of Forestry 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2010-e2emgy.

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Presently auto-octoploidy has been induced in an induced auto-tetraploid som, Persea bombycina (2n=24), the principal food plant of muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer), through colchicine treatment (0.5%). Auto-octoploids showed deterioration in almost all the morphological features in contrast to tetraploid which seem to be the optimum ploidy level. Auto–octoploid is highly susceptible to stem diseases and dwarf in growth nature.

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23

Unni, Bala G., Ajit C. Kakoty, Devabrot Khanikor, Pranab R. Bhattacharya, Madan G. Pathak, Krishna Pillai, R. Pillai, A. Choudhury, Putul Ch Saikia, and Anil C. Ghosh. "Lipid and fatty acid composition of muga silkworm, Antheraea assama, host plants in relation to silkworm growth." Journal of Lipid Mediators and Cell Signalling 13, no. 3 (May 1996): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0929-7855(95)00061-5.

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24

Saikia, Shilpa, Monimala Saikia, Roshmi Borah Dutta, Hemanta Saikia, and Manasee Hazarika. "Economic characters of muga silkworm cocoons influenced by regions and commercial seasons." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 3 (May 29, 2022): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.9902215.

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Muga cocoons were procured from Jorhat, Kamrup and Lakhimpur districts in spring and autumn season. The objective was to determine the impact of three regions and commercial seasons on cocoon characters in terms of cocoon size, cocoon weight, pupal weight, shell weight and shell ratio. The experiment was laid out in completely randomised design with three replications. The impact of three regions and two seasons was found to be significant on cocoon parameters. Large sized cocoons were obtained from Kamrup district followed by Lakhimpur and Jorhat in autumn season compared to those obtained in spring season. Cocoon weight, shell weight, pupal weight and shell ratio percentage (5.73g, 0.51g, 5.19g and 8.74% respectively) were found to be significantly higher in Kamrup as compared to Lakhimpur (5.4g, 0.46g, 4.94g and 8.43% respectively) while lowest was recorded in Jorhat district (5.27g, 0.43g, 4.83g and 8.20% respectively) irrespective of the seasons. Considering the seasons, cocoons obtained from autumn were superior in terms of cocoon characters (5.66g cocoon weight, 0.49g shell weight, 5.16g pupal weight and 8.63% shell ratio) than those of spring season. Kamrup district and autumn season have turned out to be the best region and best season clearly indicating that region and season influences the cocoon characters of muga silkworm.

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25

Manjunatha, G. R., P. A. Sangannavar, G. R. Halagundegowda, A. S. Nazeer, S. M. Moorthy, and V. Sivaprasad. "Comparative economics of vanya with mulberry cocoon production in India." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 3(SI) (June 3, 2023): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-01.

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Aim: To compare the remunerativeness of Mulberry, Tasar, Eri and Muga based sericulture enterprises. Methodology: An empirical analysis was undertaken to compare the economics of mulberry and non-mulberry cocoon production in India, utilizing the available data from Central Silk Board using descriptive statistics and suitable ratios. Results: The study indicated that returns per rupee of investment in Mulberry (1.66), Tasar (1.60), Eri (1.88) and Muga (2.07) were higher compared to agriculture crop enterprises (National Silk Policy-2020), besides being of short duration with frequent assured income at least for three to six times in a year. Interpretation: The Mulberry and Eri silkworm cocoon production is highly remunerative enterprise and attracts the youths, because of its domesticated nature, short duration and women friendly enterprise. Key words: Cocoon production, Economics, Eco-friendly, Mulberry, Sericulture enterprises, Vanya

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Deori, Meetali, Dulal Chandra Boruah, Dipali Devi, and Rajlakshmi Devi. "Antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of pupae of the muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis." Food Bioscience 5 (March 2014): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2013.12.001.

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Kar, Subrata, Sarmistha Talukdar, Shilpa Pal, Sunita Nayak, Pallavi Paranjape, and S. C. Kundu. "Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm Antheraea assama as potential biomaterial." Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 10, no. 4 (July 19, 2013): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13770-012-0008-6.

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Goldsmith, Anita, Sudip Dey, Jatin Kalita, and Rina Choudhury. "Ontogeny of mouthpart sensilla of muga silkworm: A scanning electron microscopic study." Microscopy Research and Technique 77, no. 2 (November 28, 2013): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.22318.

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Majumdar, Mahasankar, Vikram Kumar, Lopamudra Guha, Abhishek Singh, K. Indirakumar, and Kartik Neog. "Impact of Coupling Duration on Fecundity and Fertility of Muga Silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) During Grainage Operation." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 5 (April 10, 2024): 752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i51994.

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Quality seed production is considered the backbone of the sericulture industry. Eggs are the primary and fundamental component of Muga culture, so the production of quality eggs is imperative. For successful production of cocoon crops, an adequate quantity of good-quality eggs is essential. In the case of silk moth mating, the time varies from 5 to 8 hours, which is generally termed as the coupling period. The temporal aspects of mating in terms of duration may also impact the number of eggs laid, the pattern of egg laying, and their viability. The present investigation intends to find out whether the duration of the coupling period has any relation with the fecundity and fertility of silk moths. The study was conducted with the Muga Silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer) in Baisakhi and Bhodia seed crops. The experiment reveals that total fecundity almost remains the same above 5 hours of coupling duration, but fertility is directly proportional to the coupling duration and reaches a maximum (85%) at 7-8 hours of coupling duration. It is also observed that coupling duration of more than 8 hours also affects the fecundity of Muga silk moths, but fertility remains the same as the control batch or the 7-8 hour batch.

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Gogoi, S., P. Ghosh, and R. Chakravorty. "Evaluation of superior som (Persea bombycina Kost.) genotypes for Muga silkworms (Antherea assamensis, Helfer.) through bioassay and chemoassay studies." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-m03viq.

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Four diploid som genotypes viz., PB003, PB004, PB005, and PB006 along with four polyploid counterparts viz., PB009, PB010, PB011, and PB012 were evaluated through rearing of Muga silkworm from brushing till spinning during spring and autumn seasons under the agro-climatic conditions of Jorhat, Assam. Observations on leaf yield per plant, parameters for rearing performances and biochemical constituents such as crude protein, crude fiber, total carbohydrate, reducing sugar, total soluble sugar and moisture content were made. The results revealed that tetraploid som genotype namely PB012 is comparatively superior than other genotypes.

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Nayak, Tilak, Santi M. Mandal, Kartik Neog, and Ananta K. Ghosh. "Characterization of a Gloverin-Like Antimicrobial Peptide Isolated from Muga Silkworm, Antheraea assamensis." International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics 24, no. 2 (July 27, 2017): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10989-017-9618-0.

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TIKADER, Amalendu, Kunjupillai VIJAYAN, and Beera SARATCHANDRA. "Muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) - an overview of distribution, biology and breeding." European Journal of Entomology 110, no. 2 (April 11, 2013): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2013.096.

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Das, Suman, Ashmita Ghosh, Mrinal Ray, Gangesh B. Singh, and Pradip Kumar Baruah. "Eco-friendly Environment of Tripura, India Prove to be a Boon for Tasar Cultivation on Zizyphus mauritiana L." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 01 (January 1, 2019): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i01.11.

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Indian silk industry is the second largest producer of silk in the world. India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five known commercial silk, namely, Mulberry, Tropical Tasar, Oak Tasar, Eri, and Muga. Among the four varieties of silk produced in 2015-16, Tasar accounts for 9.90%, i.e., 2,818 MT of the total raw silk production of 28,472 MT. In Tripura, the societies are well acquainted with only mulberry silk production. Temperature plays a very vital role in the growth of Tasar (Anthereae mylitta) silkworm also. Anthereae mylitta is a species of moth in the family Saturniidae known commonly as the Tasar silkworm and Vanya silkworm. This species is variable, with at least 44 identified eco-races, populations adapted to varied ecological conditions and food plants. Though Tripura is endowed with well demarcated sub-tropical and temperate zones with a low average temperature of 10°C in the winter season which rises to a maximum average of 35°C in the summer, it supports the cultivation of tropical Tasar silkworm in a very unique manner naturally. The present study analyzes the morphological behavior of the Tasar silkworm in a new environment and its interaction to that particular eco-friendly environment to facilitate the socioeconomic upliftment regarding the sericulture practices exhibited by the rural people of the state of Tripura. This study also proves that in the near future Tasar culture will become a boon to the poor people along with Mulberry cultivation.

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34

Acharya, A., Usha Chakraborty, S. Ghosh, and Biswanath Chakraborty. "Management of grey blight disease of Som plants using value added vermicompost with Glomus constrictum and Bacillus altitudinis." NBU Journal of Plant Sciences 9, no. 1 (2015): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55734/nbujps.2015.v09i01.006.

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Grey blight disease caused by Pestalotiopsis disseminata, is one of the major foliar fungal diseases that constantly affects Persea bombycina Kost, a primary host plant of muga silkworm. Under nursery condition, grey blight disease was recorded mostly in SS and S6 morphotypes of som plants. Vermicompost, PGPR and AMF, alone and in combination were applied for the improvement of the growth of eight morphotypes of som plant as well as to reduce incidence. Growth in terms of height (cm), no. of leaves and no. of branches were studied. Analysis of some major defence related enzymes such as POX, PAL, CHT and GLU was also carried out to check induction of resistance after treatment. Artificial inoculation of som plants under nursery condition with spore suspension of P. disseminata was performed and disease progression noted for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. It was clearly seen that disease progression was slow and less in treated inoculated plants. The results emphasize the fact that application of bioinoculants can be studied in larger scale for the upliftment of the health status of muga host plants.

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Chandrakanta, A. K. Paliwal, and D. P. Paliwal. "Occurrence of Diseases on Muga Silkworm Host PlantPerseabombycinaKost. in District Bageshwar, Uttarakhand-A Survey Report." Journal of Functional And Environmental Botany 5, no. 2 (2015): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-1750.2015.00018.9.

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Singh, Subadas, Dharmendra Kumar Jigyasu, G. Subrahmanyam, Prashanth Sangannavar, Rajesh Kumar, Bidyut Nath Choudhury, Reeta Luikham, and K. M. Vijayakumari. "CONSERVATION OF MUGA SILKWORM, ANTHERAEA ASSAMENSIS HELFER IN THE NATURAL HABITATS AT DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION." PLANT ARCHIVES 22, Spl. Issue (VSOG) (November 15, 2022): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/plantarchives.2022.v22.specialissue.043.

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Singh, Deepika, Debajyoti Kabiraj, Pragya Sharma, Hasnahana Chetia, Ponnala Vimal Mosahari, Kartik Neog, and Utpal Bora. "The mitochondrial genome of Muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis) and its comparative analysis with other lepidopteran insects." PLOS ONE 12, no. 11 (November 15, 2017): e0188077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188077.

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Kundu, Banani, and S. C. Kundu. "Bio-inspired fabrication of fibroin cryogels from the muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis for liver tissue engineering." Biomedical Materials 8, no. 5 (September 3, 2013): 055003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-6041/8/5/055003.

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Haloi, Kishor, Moni Kankana Kalita, Ramesh Nath, and Dipali Devi. "Characterization and pathogenicity assessment of gut-associated microbes of muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis Helfer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 138 (July 2016): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2016.06.006.

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40

Jigyasu, Dharmendra Kumar, Amit Kumar, Aftab A. Shabnam, Raisa Begum, Subadas Singh, Sandeep Kumar Malyan, Kartik Neog, and K. M. Vijayakumari. "Air pollution tolerance index of Persea bombycina: Primary food plant of endemic muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis)." Heliyon 9, no. 11 (November 2023): e21184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21184.

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Kartik, Neog, Ranjit Singh H, Unni Balagopalan, and K. Sahu A. "Analysis of genetic diversity of muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis, Helfer; Lepidoptera : Saturniidae) using RAPD-based molecular markers." African Journal of Biotechnology 9, no. 12 (March 22, 2010): 1746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb10.1745.

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42

Biswas, Supriya, and Nilay Ray. "Response of Muga Silkworm, Antheraea assama Westwood (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), to Ascorbic Acid Placed on Host Plant Leaves." Journal of Entomological Science 46, no. 4 (October 2011): 342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-46.4.342.

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43

Subrahmanyam, G., Vijaya Gowri Esvaran, Kangayam Muthusamy Ponnuvel, W. Hassan, M. Chutia, and R. Das. "Isolation and Molecular Identification of Microsporidian Pathogen Causing Nosemosis in Muga Silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)." Indian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12088-019-00822-0.

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44

Ram, Raja, M. Samson, and M. Bhatt. "Variability and genetic diversity in rooting parameters of Persea bombycina Kost." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-tv40n3.

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Persea bombycina Kost is a primary food plant of Muga silkworm, Antheraea assama Ww. Phenotypic and genotypic variability were studied in eight genotypes of Persea bombycina Kost for rooting percentage and their five contributing characters. A wide range of phenotypic variability was observed for rooting percentage, number of primary roots, number of secondary roots, length of the longest root, average length of the root and survivability. In different genotypes number of secondary roots gave highest estimate of genetic coefficient of variation followed by number of primary roots. Estimate of heritability was high in all the traits. Estimate of genetic advance was high in number of secondary roots, survival percentage and number of primary roots. Rooting was significantly correlated with number of primary and secondary roots, length of the longest root and survival percentage both at the phenotypic and genotypic level. The other characters were also significantly correlated to each other.

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45

Gandotra, S., A. Kumar, K. Naga, P. M. Bhuyan, D. K. Gogoi, K. Sharma, and S. Subramanian. "Bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut of the muga silkworm,Antheraea assamensis(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), from India." Insect Molecular Biology 27, no. 5 (June 27, 2018): 603–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imb.12495.

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46

Goswami, D., P. Handique, N. Singh, and S. Gogoi. "Selection of Superior Genotypes of Som, Persea bombycina Kost. through Bioassay." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2011-7v30mb.

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Thirty nine accessions of Som, Persea bombycina Kost. were evaluated through rearing of muga silkworm, Anthereae assamensis Helfer during two commercial seasons viz. Kotia (October-November) and Jethua (May-June) to identify the superior accessions for more silk productivity. The rearing performances on each of the som accessions were evaluated on four characters viz. effective rate of rearing (ERR), Cocoon weight, shell weight, and shell ratio percentage (SR%) by the multiple trait evaluation index (EI) method. During Kotia crop, fourteen accessions showed average EI values of >50 (ranging from 50.22 to 62.37) and during Jethua crop, twenty accessions manifested average EI values of >50 (ranging from 50.12 to 67.55). It was found that ten accessions viz. PT-11, PT-16, PT-17, PT-27, PT-28, PT-29, PT-37, PT-38, PT-34 and PT-04 exhibited average EI values of >50 in both the rearing seasons thereby indicating the superiority of these accessions to the other accessions.

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47

Jena, Subhrata, Hasansab A. Nadaf, Vishal Mittal, N. B. Chowdary, T. Selvakumar, and P. C. Padhy. "Traditional vs. Scientific Eri Silkworm Rearing: A Study in Bhubaneswar Zone." Archives of Current Research International 24, no. 5 (April 29, 2024): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i5694.

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Sericulture holds significant importance in the tribal economy of India, with the country being the sole producer of various natural silks including mulberry, tasar, muga, oak tasar and eri silk. Eri silkworm rearing is particularly prevalent in the Bhubaneswar zone of Odisha, encompassing districts such as Khurdha, Jagatsinghpur, Nayagarh, Cuttack and Kendrapada. This study focuses on the traditional eri culture methods in the region, highlighting indigenous rearing techniques, food plant selection, larvae management etc. Observations revealed that traditional practices were consistent across the Bhubaneswar region, emphasizing the need for adopting scientific methods. Implementing tray/platform rearing, precise feeding techniques, strategic food plant selection during different larval stages, well-designed rearing rooms and advanced spinning methods can optimize space usage, ensure disease-free larvae, promote uniform cocoon production, increase the effective rate of rearing and silk production. The disparities in shell percentage between cocoons at the farmer level and the farm level in the Bhubaneswar zone are indicative of varying practices and care in sericulture. Farmer-level cocoons exhibit a lower shell ratio ranging from 9.17% to 9.82%, implying inadequate care and nutrition provided to growing silkworms. This discrepancy suggests that these farmers might face challenges in maintaining suitable conditions such as proper temperature, humidity and nutrition, leading to inferior cocoon quality. Conversely, at the farm level, the shell ratio ranges from 10.14% to 10.71%, indicating that farmers in this category are comparatively more adept at silk rearing practices. They provide better nutrition, suitable temperature, humidity and other necessary facilities, resulting in higher-quality cocoons. The superior environment and care provided at the farm level are reflected in the Effective Rate of Rearing (ERR%) consistently above 40%, reaching a maximum of 50.85%. This signifies that farm-level cocoons have better attributes such as cocoon weight, shell thickness and filament size compared to those reared by individual farmers, where ERR% ranged from 31% to 42%. The integration of modern techniques not only enhances production potential but also creates employment opportunities for rural youth. This approach fosters better income generation, surpassing the limitations of traditional methods and paving the way for a thriving sericulture industry.

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Baruah, Jyoti Prasad. "Stem Borer Infestation on Muga Silkworm (Antheraea assamensis) Host Plants on Som (Persea bombycina) and Soalu (Litsea polyantha): A review." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 8, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8265.

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Bhuyan, Pinky Moni, Sosanka Protim Sandilya, Pranab Kumar Nath, Sakshi Gandotra, Sabtharishi Subramanian, Devid Kardong, and Dip Kumar Gogoi. "Optimization and characterization of extracellular cellulase produced by Bacillus pumilus MGB05 isolated from midgut of muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer)." Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 21, no. 4 (December 2018): 1171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2018.08.004.

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Hatibaruah, Dipankar, Lohit Chandra Dutta, Sajib Borua, and Hemanta Saikia. "Adoption Behaviour of Sericulture Farmers Regarding Improved Technologies ofJorhat District of Assam." Indian Journal of Extension Education 58, no. 1 (2022): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2022.58106.

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The research study was undertaken in the purposively selected Jorhat and Majuli(undivided) districts of Assam during the year 2018-19 with an objective to analyze theadoption behaviour of sericulture farmers regarding improved technologies and their socio-economic relationship with the adoption behaviour for enhancement of production andproductivity at farmers level. Sericulture has been practiced traditionally and a large portionof rural people earn their livelihood from sericulture sector in this region. The presentfindings revealed that adoption of improved sericulture technologies was in medium categoryfor majority of the respondents 76.67 per cent in eri culture, 66.67 per cent in muga cultureand 76.67 per cent in mulberry culture. Due to lack of awareness of improved sericulturetechnologies as well as poor living conditions the adoption level of sericulture technologiesamong the seri farmers of Jorhat district was very low. There was gap in disseminationand adoption of improved sericulture technologies in pre and post cocoon sector for growthand development of sericulture in acreage of food plants, rearing of silkworm and productionand productivity of cocoon and silk. Hence, the study recommends that adoption ofscientific technologies among the seri farmers has significant impact on growth anddevelopment of sericulture as well as economic benefit of the farmer.

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