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1

Luom, Thai Thanh, Nguyen Tan Phong, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Nguyen Thanh Tung, Le Xuan Tu, and Tran Anh Duong. "Using Fine-Grained Sediment and Wave Attenuation as a New Measure for Evaluating the Efficacy of Offshore Breakwaters in Stabilizing an Eroded Muddy Coast: Insights from Ca Mau, the Mekong Delta of Vietnam." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 4798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094798.

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Offshore breakwaters can be effective in reducing the energy of incident waves through dissipation, refraction or reflection. Breakwaters are increasingly constructed to stabilize eroded muddy coasts, particularly in developing countries. Accumulation of fine-grained sediment and wave attenuation are two attributes of a stable muddy coast. Effective interventions in stabilizing eroded muddy coasts include two important elements: accumulation of fine-grained sediment and wave reduction. The efficacy of offshore breakwaters in stabilizing eroded muddy coasts is, however, not yet adequately understood. A crucial question needing attention is whether accumulation of fine-grained sediment and wave attenuation should be used in evaluating the efficacy of these offshore breakwaters in stabilizing eroded muddy coasts. To address this issue, a pile-rock offshore breakwater in Huong Mai, Tieu Dua of Ca Mau, Vietnam was selected as an appropriate example in this regard. Accumulation of fine-grained sediment and wave attenuation were tested as means to investigate the efficacy of the Huong Mai structure in stabilizing the eroded muddy coast. The study was undertaken using field-based measurements and semi-structured interviews in three stages between October 2016 and December 2020. We found that this structure has had limited efficacy in stabilizing the eroded muddy coast. The structure was effective in dissipating the energy of incident waves, but we found no evidence of fine-grained sediment accumulation due to an inappropriate structural design. There was also no monitoring system in place, leading to difficulties in evaluating its efficacy in terms of wave attenuation and accumulation of fine-grained sediment. The gaps between the shoreline and the structure have not been adequately explained, resulting in substantial challenges in replicating the structure elsewhere. The Huong Mai structure should be strengthened using supplementary measures and granulometric tests in order to improve the efficacy in stabilizing eroded muddy coasts. The methods in this study provide new insights in this regard.
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Cong, Shuai, Xiao Wu, Yong Zhang, Biying Xue, and Houjie Wang. "Evolution of the northern Fujian coast under the impact of natural and anthropogenic forces, 1976–2017: an analysis of coastal monitoring and satellite images." Anthropocene Coasts 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/anc-2018-0016.

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The province of Fujian on China’s southeast coast is severely impacted by typhoons. Based on coastal profile monitoring and 40 years of satellite data, this paper analyzed the response of coastal profiles to natural and anthropogenic forces along the northern part of Fujian’s coast. Results indicated that the pattern of coastal evolution differed largely on cross-shore profiles and longshore coastlines. Only a few sandy coasts were severely affected by extreme weather events in summer, such as typhoons and storm surges, which may result from the wind direction relative to the coast. The cross-shore profiles changed drastically while the mean high-water coastline remained stable. In contrast, anthropogenic forces had a dual effect due to artificial sand extraction and reclamation. Artificial sand extraction usually occurred on sandy coasts, resulting in a decrease in some local surface profiles of tens of centimeters to metres in two years. Reclamation had the main impact on muddy coasts, especially in bays, causing seaward progradation during the past 40 years. The impacts of human activities on muddy coasts were far greater than natural factors. Findings from our coastal monitoring study for both sandy and muddy coasts provide an important scientific basis for practical applications, such as Fujian coastal protection, coastal zone exploitation, and utilization planning.
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3

Lee, Siew Cheng, Roslan Hashim, Shervin Motamedi, and Ki-Il Song. "Utilization of Geotextile Tube for Sandy and Muddy Coastal Management: A Review." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/494020.

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Threats to beaches have accelerated the coastal destruction. In recent decades, geotextile tubes were used around the world to prevent coastal erosion, to encourage beach nourishment, and to assist mangrove rehabilitation. However, the applications of geotextile tube in sandy and muddy coasts have different concerns as the geological settings are different. Applications of geotextile tubes in sandy beaches were mainly to prevent coastline from further erosion and to nourish the beach. However, for the muddy coasts, mangrove rehabilitation and conservation were additional concerns in coastal management schemes. The mangrove forests are natural barriers which can be found on the muddy coasts of many tropical countries. In this paper, the viability of geotextile tubes in sandy and muddy beaches was analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of the utilization of geotextile tubes in coastal management were discussed based on the experiences from the tropical countries such as Mexico, Malaysia, and Thailand. From the case studies, impressive improvements in coastal restoration after installation of geotextile tubes were shown. Based on the discussion, several recommendations to improve the application of geotextile tubes were suggested in this paper.
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4

Soltanpour, Mohsen, Ali Oveisy, and Tomoya Shibayama. "Numerical Modeling of Wave Transformation on Muddy Coasts." Coastal Engineering Journal 50, no. 2 (June 2008): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0578563408001806.

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5

Alodia, G., F. Muhammad, and Poerbandono. "On the investigation of vertical uncertainty of depth sounding in a shallow environment with muddy seabed: Preliminary results from a launch operation of a dual-frequency echosounder." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 925, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/925/1/012022.

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Abstract Hydrographic echosounder has been the standard instrument that provides a measure of water depths. In a muddy environment, this detection is not as straightforward as it seems; low gradient of acoustic impedance presence within the water-sediment interface resulting in vertical separation of liquid-solid boundary detected by different frequencies of depth sounding system. In this study, we investigate the depths measured by a dual-frequency hydrographic echosounder in a muddy environment, coupled with a simultaneous probing of the water-seabed interface by means of a free-falling cone penetrometer. We intend to understand the extent of the uncertainty of a depth-sounding system to precisely locate the liquid-solid boundary within the water-seabed interface, specifically at Patimban coasts, situated in the north coast part of Java Island, where muddy sediments dominate the seabed. From our investigation, we found that standard high-frequency sounding (200 kHz) underestimates the physical depth by 0.26 ± 0.17 m, while standard low-frequency sounding (24 kHz) overestimates the physical depth by 0.23 ± 0.19 m and tends to give inconsistent measures. Our study suggests the importance of considering these measures of discrepancy when depth sounding is being carried out in a muddy environment.
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6

Dyer, Keith. "Muddy Coasts of the World: Processes, Deposits and Function." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 57, no. 5-6 (August 2003): 1198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7714(03)00091-x.

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7

Wang, Xiao Hua, Houjie Wang, Weibing Guan, and Zhigang Guo. "Dynamics of Chinese muddy coasts and estuaries: An introduction." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 93, no. 3 (July 2011): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.03.010.

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8

Salman, Albert. "Muddy coasts of the world: Processes, deposits and functions." Journal of Coastal Conservation 8, no. 1 (March 2002): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02806590.

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9

Phong, Nguyen Tan, and Thai Thanh Luom. "Configuration of Allocated Mangrove Areas and Protection of Mangrove-Dominated Muddy Coasts: Knowledge Gaps and Recommendations." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 6258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116258.

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Mangrove-dominated muddy coasts have been allocated for developing livelihood models, particularly in developing countries. Uncontrolled allocation causes the mangrove forests to be vulnerable and even severely eroded. Restoration of vulnerable and eroded coastal areas has been merely conservation-driven, leaving livelihood-oriented mangrove forests unprotected. As a consequence, mangrove-dominated muddy coasts have not been well-protected. How livelihood-oriented mangrove forests are configured towards protecting coasts and protecting local livelihoods remains a challenge. This study employed a critical review for addressing this matter. The results reveal that there is limited practical knowledge of configuring livelihood-oriented models for protecting the coasts. The configuration process reported in this study is merely based on technical recommendations in South East Asia to date. The recommended configuration commences with the first stage of voluntarily designating a certain percentage of allocated forests on the seaward side to protect coasts, relocating livelihood models in the gaps among current stands of mangrove forests landward. Abandoned ponds are ecologically restored using sediment trapping structures for providing suitable substrate for promoting regrowth of local mangrove species as the second stage, followed by designation of an appropriate percentage as mangrove belts on the seaward side. The two-step configuration is highly likely to be replicable and applicable nationally and regionally due to full consideration of different political, sociocultural, and environmental characteristics in Vietnam and Indonesia.
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10

PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU, M. A., M. CORSINI-FOKA, and M. NALETAKI. "Macrophthalmus graeffei A. Milne Edwards, 1873 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Macrophthalmidae): a new Indo-Pacific guest off Rhodes Island (SE Aegean Sea, Greece)." Mediterranean Marine Science 11, no. 1 (May 6, 2010): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.103.

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A new alien crab, the macrophthalmid Macrophthalmus graeffei, is reported from the eastern coastline of Rhodes Island. The species, of Indo-West Pacific origin, is known from muddy sediments up to about 80 m depth. In the Mediterranean, its presence has been observed along Levantine coasts as well as along the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea.Macrophthalmus graeffei increases to twelve the number of alien brachyurans present in the Hellenic SE Aegean Sea, ten of them having Indo-Pacific origin.
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11

Zhang, Rui Bo, Xin Li, and Qi Xiu Pang. "Incipient Motion Experiment of Sediment in Silty-Sand Coast." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 758–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.758.

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Sediment issues, especially the channel siltation issues in silty-sand Coast are becoming more and more prominent as the development of harbor construction in silty-sand coasts. In order to learn the incipient motion characteristics under influence of wave, current and wave-current combination of sediment in silty-sand coasts, provide necessary parameters for engineering analysis of fluvial process and mathematical model analysis, and then provide science and technology fundamentals for harbor construction, experiments are carried out with samples from the under construction Haiyanghong port area in Dandong. Under the same condition, when the initial sediment density, which is of great influence on incipient motion, is larger, the incipient motion is harder to occur; and wave is the main hydrodynamic force to devote to sediment incipient motion. Generally, sediment in silty-sand coasts shows the characteristic of silt. However, fine sediment rises obviously in the experiment and the water gets muddy very easily as the existence of a certain amount of clay.
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12

Yang, Ziheng, Lihua Wang, Weiwei Sun, Weixin Xu, Bo Tian, Yunxuan Zhou, Gang Yang, and Chao Chen. "A New Adaptive Remote Sensing Extraction Algorithm for Complex Muddy Coast Waterline." Remote Sensing 14, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040861.

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Coastline is an important geographical element of the boundary between ocean and land. Due to the impact of the ocean-land interactions at multiple temporal-spatial scales and the intensified human activities, the waterline of muddy coast is undergoing long-term and continuous dynamic changes. Using traditional remote sensing-based waterline extraction methods, it is difficult to achieve ideal results for muddy coast waterlines, which are faced with problems such as limited algorithm stability, weak algorithm migration, and discontinuous coastlines extraction results. In response to the above challenges, three different types of muddy coasts, Yancheng, Jiuduansha and Xiangshan were selected as the study areas. Based on the Sentinel-2 MSI images, we proposed an adaptive remote sensing extraction algorithm framework for the complex muddy coast waterline, named AEMCW (Adaptive Extraction for Muddy Coast Waterline), including main procedures of high-pass filtering, histogram statistics and adaptive threshold determination, which has the capability to obtain continuous and high-precision muddy coastal waterline. NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index) and ED (Edge Detection) methods were selected to compare the extraction effect of AEMCW method. The length and spatial accuracy of these four methods were evaluated with the same criteria. The accuracy evaluation presented that the length errors of ED method in all three study areas were minimum, but the waterline results were offset more to the land side, due to spectral similarity, turbid water and tidal flats having similar values of NDWI and MNDWI. Therefore, the length and spatial accuracies of NDWI and MNDWI methods were lower than AEMCW method. The length errors of the AEMCW algorithm in Yancheng, Jiuduansha, and Xiangshan were 14.4%, 18.0%, and 7.7%, respectively. The producer accuracies were 94.3%, 109.6%, and 94.2%, respectively. The user accuracies were 82.4%, 92.9%, and 87.5%, respectively. These results indicated that the proposed AEMCW algorithm can effectively restrain the influence of spectral noise from various land cover types and ensure the continuity of waterline extraction results. The adaptive threshold determination equation reduced the influence of human factors on threshold selection. The further application on ZY-1 02D hyperspectral images in the Yancheng area verified the proposed algorithm is transferable and has good stability.
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13

Cooper, J. A. G. "Book Review: Muddy coasts of the world: processes, deposits and function." Holocene 14, no. 3 (April 2004): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968360401400324.

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14

Wang, Xiao Hua, Jianping Gan, and Ryan Lowe. "Sediment dynamics of muddy coasts and estuaries in China: An introduction." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 206 (June 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.11.036.

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15

Nguyen, Tan Phong, Thai Thanh Luom, and Kevin E. Parnell. "Existing strategies for managing mangrove dominated muddy coasts: Knowledge gaps and recommendations." Ocean & Coastal Management 138 (March 2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.01.016.

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16

ANKER, ARTHUR. "The mud-shrimp genus Axianassa Schmitt, 1924 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Axianassidae) in the Indo-West Pacific, with description of a new species from French Polynesia." Zootaxa 2557, no. 1 (August 3, 2010): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2557.1.5.

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A new species of the mud-shrimp genus Axianassa Schmitt, 1924 is described based on four specimens collected in a muddy near-shore area inside the Moorea lagoon, Society Islands, French Polynesia. Axianassa ngochoae n. sp. constitutes the first Indo-West Pacific record of this genus, previously known only from the western and eastern coasts of the Americas. A key to all species of Axianassa is provided.
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17

Tien, Huynh Van, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Nguyen Tan Phong, and Mai Le Minh Nhut. "Ecological Engineering and Restoration of Eroded Muddy Coasts in South East Asia: Knowledge Gaps and Recommendations." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031248.

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Ecological engineering (EE) was employed for developing strategies for stabilizing eroded muddy coasts (EMCs). However, there was a limited analysis of these EE strategies with respect to design, performance, and lessons learned. This study employed a critical review for addressing the limitations. There were four EE models designed with different restoration interventions for stabilizing EMCs. The models using active interventions have not been cost-effective in controlling erosion because the interventions failed to achieve their goals or were costly and unnecessary. Of the two passive intervention models, the one with structures constructed from onshore proved to be more cost-effective in terms of construction costs, the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, and levels of sea mud accumulation. Interventions with adequate consideration of the muddy coastal ecological processes and the ecological reasoning for the positioning of these interventions play a crucial role in stabilizing EMCs. A passive restoration model using gradually expanded interventions should be promoted in order to ensure sustainable management of EMCs in the future.
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18

Silva, K. C. A., R. Cruz, I. H. A. Cintra, and F. A. Abrunhosa. "Structure and diversity of the lobster community on the Amazon continental shelf." Crustaceana 86, no. 9 (2013): 1084–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003227.

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The present study analyses the diversity and community structure of the lobsters captured using bottom trawl shrimp nets at depths of 41 to 626 m during fishery prospection cruises conducted between 1996 and 1998. The study area encompasses the coasts of the Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará, which were divided into two sectors, to the north and to south of Cape North. The 44 lobster specimens identified belonged to nine species: Acanthacaris caeca (A. Milne-Edwards, 1881), Nephropsis aculeata Smith, 1881, Nephropsis rosea Bate, 1888, Palinustus truncatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804), Parribacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793), Polycheles typhlops Heller, 1862, Scyllarides delfosi Holthuis, 1960 and Stereomastis sculpta (Smith, 1880). The specimens were captured preferentially on muddy sand substrates in the northern sector and gravelly and muddy sand in the southern sector. All species were more common in the northern sector during the dry season (June-November), and in the southern sector in the rainy season (December-May).
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Katsiaras, Nikolaos, Maria Rousou, Luis F. Carrera-Parra, Sergio Carlos Garcia-Gomez, Nomiki Simboura, Paraskevi Louizidou, Chariton Charles Chintiroglou, and Roberto Martins. "Taxonomy, ecology and geographic distribution ofGallardoneris iberica(Polychaeta, Lumbrineridae) in southern Europe." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 7 (July 18, 2017): 1609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417001254.

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The polychaeteGallardoneris ibericawas described in soft-bottom benthic habitats from the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula coasts in 2012. Since then, successive studies have found this species in Spain, Italy and Croatia. The present study is the first to reportG. ibericafor Greece and Cyprus (42 new records) confirming its wide geographic distribution on southern European coasts. Taxonomic accounts and ecological preferences based on a large survey and review of available literature are being presented. The species was frequently found in habitats characterized by infralittoral muddy sands with variable organic matter and ‘Moderate’ ecological quality status; nevertheless it was also recorded in coarser and finer sediments, circalittoral mixed sediments, phytal substrates and undisturbed sites. Its relative abundance per sample was always lower than 2%. A review of the available ecological and geographic data of the otherGallardonerisspecies and a worldwide taxonomic key toGallardonerisspecies are provided.
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20

Jha, Sasinath. "Status and Conservation of Lowland Terai Wetlands in Nepal." Our Nature 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v6i1.1657.

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Known as "Simsar" in Nepal, wetlands are those areas which lie between the land and deepwater and remian waterlogged or submerged under water, seasonally or throughout the year. Generally the land is so muddy that one cannot easily walk over it, and water is so deep that one can neither swim nor get drowned. River floodplains, shallow margins of lakes and reservoirs, shallow and seasonal ponds, islands in rivers, deepwater paddy fields, and sea-coasts are typical examples of wetlands.Keywords: Lowland wetland, Nepaldoi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1657Our Nature (2008)6:67-77
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21

Wang, Xiao Hua, Fei Chai, Lulu Qiao, Isabel Jalón-Rojas, Houjie Wang, and Ya Ping Wang. "The 3rd workshop on sediment dynamics of muddy coasts and estuaries: An introduction and synthesis." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 245 (October 2020): 106994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106994.

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22

Zhang, Yang. "An Indicator and Min-Cost Approach for Shoreline Extraction From Satellite Imagery in Muddy Coasts." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 58, no. 6 (June 2020): 4375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2963460.

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23

Li, Xueyan, Jiawen Sun, Zaijin You, Junbin Zhang, Lixue Wang, Zhichen Zhang, Qin Li, and Tian Xie. "Numerical Study on Wave Dissipation Characteristics of Open Breakwater for Erosion Protection of Muddy Coasts." Journal of Coastal Research 99, sp1 (May 14, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si99-031.1.

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24

Eryilmaz, Mustafa, and Fulya Yucesoy Eryilmaz. "Oceanography and submarine sediment distribution in the Marmaris – Ka region of southwest Turkey." Micropaleontology 54, no. 3-4 (2008): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47894/mpal.54.3.02.

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We present new oceanographic and modern sediment distribution data for transects along Marmaris-Fethiye- Kalkan-Ka-Finike and Antalya Bays (southwestern Turkey). Water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen content were measured and mapped for this region. Furthermore, we made short-term current speed measurements at the surface, 20m depth and the sea floor and use this data to interpret sediment movement. Orange peel and other types of grabs were used for surface sediment sampling. Samples were processed with Standard Methods of grain size analysis. Our regional maps of sediment distribution reflect grain size on a 1:100.000 scale. We used correlations between all our grain size data in our maps. Sediment distribution in this region is affected by current systems, bathymetry and both submarine, and terrestrial topographic features of the region. Finer materials do not accumulate in regions with high wave and current energy. Thus we find mostly thin accumulations of coarse material in our study region. Either sediment does not accumulate at all along continental slopes exceeding 10 degrees or very little sediment accumulates there. Sediments in our study area consist of five types of basic sedimentary material: rock, gravel, sand, silt, clay and mud. Gravelly materials are gravel, sandy gravel and muddy sandy gravel. Sandy materials are sand, gravelly sand, gravelly muddy sand, muddy sand, silty sand and clayey sand. Silty material is composed of silt and sandy silt. Muddy materials consist of mud, gravelly mud and gravelly sandy mud. Deep parts of the area contain as well as mud which is high ratio clay. Generally, grain size distribution in this region is transitional from coarse to fine and trends parallel to the coastline. Generally, gravel and sandy gravel material are found in shallow areas and reach thickness of up to 5 meters. Blocks of limestone occur on the seafloor along coasts with steep seaward slopes. Gravel size materials are uncommon. Sandy materials accumulate at approximately 20-50-100-200 meters water depth. Silty materials are deposited at 200-500-750, 500-1200 meters depth at the sea floor. Muddy materials, however, are not found until 1200-2500 meters water depth and clayey materials spread further out to below 2500 meters depth.
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Allen, J. R. L. "Muddy alluvial coasts of Britain: field criteria for shoreline position and movement in the recent past." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 104, no. 4 (January 1993): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80044-2.

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SURUGIU, VICTOR. "Systematics and ecology of species of the Polydora-complex (Polychaeta: Spionidae) of the Black Sea." Zootaxa 3518, no. 1 (October 16, 2012): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3518.1.3.

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The taxonomic, morphological, biological, behavioural and ecological characteristics of three species of spionid poly-chaetes from the Black Sea belonging to the Polydora-complex are summarised and discussed on the basis of the author′scollections along Romanian coasts as well as on material from other parts of the Black Sea. It is apparent that at least twospecies have been included under the name′Polydora ciliata′ in the Black Sea literature. All previous records of Polydorathat bore into calcareous substrates are most likely Polydora websteri. The individuals building muddy tubes on all typesof substrata at depths less than 20 m, previously identified as P. ciliata or P. limicola, are P. cornuta. The presence of trueP. ciliata in the Black Sea is questionable and older records must be re-evaluated. Dipolydora quadrilobata is a new recordfor the Romanian coast of the Black Sea, and has established dense populations in deeper (>30 m) soft bottom sediments.Descriptions and figures of these species, as well as a key to actual species of the Polydora-complex occurring in the Black Sea, are provided.
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Khalil, Syed, and Richard Raynie. "CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION OF A SINKING DELTA PLAIN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.26.

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Coastal erosion is a major global problem and is most acutely felt along developed coastal areas where coastal communities and infrastructures are threatened by storm surge flooding. This situation gets compounded to a bigger challenge around most of delta plains which are rapidly subsiding. The degree and magnitude of challenges associated with erosion and submergence along muddy deltaic coasts is intricately related to population density. It is estimated that about 500 million people in the world live on river deltas (Syvitski et al., 2009). Coastal populations and their associated industries/economies (oil & gas, fisheries, port and commerce etc.) are thus threatened by rapid degradation of the deltaic landscapes. This situation is further complicated by sea level rise and high-energy events such as hurricanes (cyclones, typhoons).
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Sepahvand, Vahid, Alireza Sari, Hassan Salehi, Seyed-Mohammad-Bagher Nabavi, and Seyed-Ghasem Ghorbanzadeh. "Littoral mud shrimps (Decapoda: Gebiidea & Axiidea) of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, Iran." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 4 (November 27, 2012): 999–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001361.

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The mud shrimps of Iran are not well known. Material for the present study was collected from 21 out of 51 intertidal localities from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, Iran. In total, 11 species were found along the Iranian coast. These were belonging to three families, including Upogebiidae (Upogebia carinicauda, U. darwinii and U. pseudochelata), Callianassidae (Neocallichirus jousseaumei, N. calmani, Callichirus masoomi, Corallianassa coutierei, Michaelcallianassa indica, Paratrypaea bouvieri and Gourretia coolibah) and Callianideidae (Callianidea typa). Geographical distributions of the species were considered and the results show that each species is totally dependent on a special type of habitat. Comparing different types of habitat, sandy and muddy substrates of the intertidal and shallow subtidal zone are found as the dominant habitat type for all species, but some species have a preference for boulder dominated coasts or occupy already existing holes and crevices in the boulder and bedrocks. In addition, the world distribution of each species was considered, and according to their present recorded localities, these are grouped into two distributional categories including the Indo-West Pacific region and one in a broader area of the Indo-Pacific.
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Soltanpour, Mohsen, Hadi Shamsnia, Tomaya Shibayama, Ryota Nakamura, and Akifumi Tatekoji. "A STUDY ON WAVE-INDUCED PARTICLE VELOCITIES IN FLUID MUD LAYER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.sediment.28.

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Cohesive sediments can be found in many coastal zones all over the world. The upper layer of these muddy coasts may be fluidized under the wave action. Fluid mud is also formed by settlement of fine particles when the waves and currents exert a small shearing stress on the bed. When the waves pass over the fluid mud layer, it absorbs wave energy and, in turn, moves due to the wave action. The present study offers a numerical and experimental study of wave-mud interaction on a horizontal bed. A number of wave flume laboratory tests are presented to investigate wave attenuation, particle velocities in fluid mud layer and mud mass transport under different wave characteristics. The laboratory results are also compared with a developed semi-analytical model.
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Zhao, Shaohua, Hongshuai Qi, Feng Cai, Jun Zhu, Xiang Zhou, and Gang Lei. "Morphological and sedimentary features of sandy‐muddy transitional beaches in estuaries and bays along mesotidal to macrotidal coasts." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 45, no. 7 (March 9, 2020): 1660–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4837.

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Li, Yufeng, Cheng Wang, Alan Wright, Hongyu Liu, Huabing Zhang, and Ying Zong. "Combination of GF-2 high spatial resolution imagery and land surface factors for predicting soil salinity of muddy coasts." CATENA 202 (July 2021): 105304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105304.

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32

FANELLI, E., F. COLLOCA, A. BELLUSCIO, and G. D. ARDIZZONE. "Distribution characteristics of pandalid shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Pandalidae) along the Central Mediterranean Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2004): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.201.

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The genus Plesionika is represented in the Mediterranean Sea by eight species, six of which,Plesionikaacanthonotus, P. antigai, P. edwardsii, P. gigliolii, P. heterocarpus and P. martia, are very common on muddy bottoms of the continental slope. During nine experimental trawl surveys a total of 29,038 individuals of these six pandalid species, was collected off the central western coasts of Italy (central Mediterranean) in order to study population structure and spatial distribution. P . antigaiinhabits the shelf break and upper slope; P. heterocarpus shows a wide bathymetric distribution, from the shelf-break to the upper slope; P. edwardsii and P. gigliolii occur in the upper slope. P. acanthonotus and P. martia occur in the deepest depths investigated. Segregation by size is revealed for the species that inhabit the same bottoms. The non-homogenous spatial distribution of Plesionikaspecies in the study area was probably related to the spatial differences in the magnitude of primary production in the area.
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Abascal Zorrilla, Noelia, Vincent Vantrepotte, Erwan Gensac, Nicolas Huybrechts, and Antoine Gardel. "The Advantages of Landsat 8-OLI-Derived Suspended Particulate Matter Maps for Monitoring the Subtidal Extension of Amazonian Coastal Mud Banks (French Guiana)." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 3, 2018): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111733.

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The coast of French Guiana is characterised by the northwestward migration of large mud banks alongshore and by high concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) resulting from the strong influence of the Amazon River outflow. Surface OLI SPM concentration, linked to the footprint of the subtidal part of mud banks due to resuspension and migration processes, was used to develop a method to estimate the location of this footprint. A comparison of the results from this method with those obtained by locating the limit of the wave damping, which characterises muddy coasts, revealed good performance of the method based on recurring SPM values. The migration rates of the mud banks in French Guiana were calculated according to the delimitation of their subtidal parts, and showed slightly higher values (2.31 km/year) than suggested by earlier studies. In comparison with other methods, the migration rate estimated using the method proposed within the framework of this study takes into account the variability of the shape of the subtidal part for the first time. It was also shown that the mud banks existing on the coastal area of French Guiana present two different shapes. Our results clearly demonstrate the advantage of ocean colour data to describe mud banks according to their subtidal part, delimited using the assessment of SPM temporal variability.
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PEVERELL, S. C., G. R. MCPHERSON, R. N. GARRETT, and N. A. GRIBBLE. "New records of the River Shark Glyphis (Carcharhinidae) reported from Cape York Peninsula, northern Australia." Zootaxa 1233, no. 1 (June 15, 2006): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1233.1.2.

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The distribution of the river shark Glyphis in northern Australia is extended with new records of occurrence in the Gulf of Carpentaria and a reassessment of historical survey data from Cape York Peninsula. Nine new specimens of Glyphis sp. A were collected in 2005 from the Weipa region on the Queensland coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria. A re-examination of archival records from 1978–86 marine and estuarine fish surveys in the Gulf of Carpentaria and along the northern Queensland East Coast allowed a further nineteen Glyphis specimens to be identified. Combined this gives twenty-eight new records of Glyphis specimens from the coasts of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Common habitat characteristics for all captures were turbid, shallow, fast running tidal water in the upper reaches of coastal rivers. The substrate was generally muddy and the rivers lined with mangrove. In all surveys the representation of Glyphis was low, being less than 1% of the total shark captures historically and 0.002 sharks 50 m net hour -1 in Weipa 2005. The size range captured was 1000–1800 mm total length historically and 705 –1200 mm total length from Weipa 2005, with none recorded as sexually mature. Diagnostic characteristics of the Weipa specimens, identified as Glyphis sp. A, were: lower jaw teeth protruding and “spear-like”; second dorsal fin greater than half the height of the first dorsal fin; the snout relatively short and fleshy in the lateral view; pectoral fin ventral surface black in colouration; the precaudal vertebral count between 118 and 123; and the total vertebral count between 204 and 209.
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SOUZA FILHO, PEDRO WALFIR, and WALDIR RENATO PARADELLA. "Estudo da Geomorfologia de Ambientes Costeiros Tropicais Úmidos a partir de Imagens de Sensores Remotos." Pesquisas em Geociências 28, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.20310.

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Orbital remote sensing data was used to evaluate its applications in the study of wet tropical coastal environments in the Brazilian Amazon (Bragança coastal plain, in the northeastern of the State of Pará). This work was developed as part of the GlobeSAR-2 Program, whose the objectives were build and consolidate the formation of human resources, as well as evaluate the potential and the applicability of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) RADARSTA-1 in the Latin America. The holocenic evolution of the Bragança coastal plain is marked by muddy progradation over a submerging coast, where is developed one of the most mangrove system of the world, with almost 8,900 km2. This research has showed that orbital remote sensing data can provide excellent geologic and coastal land use information. The remote sensing data represents a powerful tool to understand the coastal processes in the wet tropical environments, mainly in the mangrove coasts, where the images allow a synoptic view of the area and provide geobotanic (relation between coastal environment and vegetation) and multitemporal information. In addition to integrated data, geographic information system (SIG) combines different data sets and simultaneously it facilitates the spatial and temporal analysis and the relationship between various coastal environments, allowing a more comprehensive, accurate and easier interpretation of the geomorphologic setting. Therefore, remote sensing data integration, SIG and auxiliary fieldwork data present a fundamental role to the integrated coastal zone management, environmental risk assessment, local characterization of the study sites, base maps upgrading and information dissemination for public consultation, which are all significant factors in this decision-making process.
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Charef, Aymen, Nedra Zamouri Langar, and Ines Houas Gharsallah. "Stock size assessment and spatial distribution of bivalve species in the Gulf of Tunis." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 1 (April 20, 2011): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411000403.

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The shellfish ranching, its current exploitation status and its management are becoming a major interest in fisheries industry in Tunisia. In this respect, the coasts of the Gulf of Tunis were explored along 20 shore-perpendicular transects to evaluate the stock size of shellfish populations. 285 samples of malacological fauna were collected by a VanVeen grab. This sampling revealed the presence of six target bivalve species owing to their high commercial value. The determination of the weight–size relationships of each species pinpointed that five species have a negative allometric relationship (Tellina planata, Tellina nitida, Glycymeris violacescens, Donax semistriatus and Solen marginatus) whilst Mactra stultorum indicated an isometric growth. The stock size assessment of these target species revealed that abundance values ranged from 2 to 60 individuals m−2, and biomass values varied from 2 to 230 g m−2. The mapping of the spatial distribution of density and biomass showed that the majority of species colonized essentially shallow waters corresponding to sandy and muddy bottoms. These findings are consistent with ecological and physiological properties of species. Major physical parameters influencing spatial distribution patterns are discussed.
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DE AZEVEDO FERREIRA, LUCIANE AUGUSTO, and ARTHUR ANKER. "An annotated and illustrated checklist of the porcelain crabs of Panama (Decapoda: Anomura)." Zootaxa 5045, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 1–154. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5045.1.1.

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The present study is the first exhaustive checklist of porcelain crabs (Porcellanidae) distributed on the Pacific and Atlantic (Caribbean) coasts of Panama, based on literature records and material collected between 2006 and 2019. The Panamanian porcellanid fauna is currently composed of a total of 76 species, with 26 species reported from the Caribbean coast, 45 species reported from the Pacific coast, and five species reported from both sides of the Central American Isthmus (Isthmus of Panama). In other words, the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama each harbour, respectively, 31 and 50 species of porcellanid crabs. However, this total includes two problematic porcellanid records from Panama, viz. Clastotoechus nodosus (Streets, 1872) and Petrolisthes brachycarpus Sivertsen, 1933, as well as a putatively undecribed taxon reported as Pachycheles sp. The following four species are recorded for the first time from Panama, viz. Euceramus panatelus Glassell, 1938, Pachycheles riisei (Stimpson, 1859) [also being new for Mexico], Petrolisthes dissimulatus Gore, 1983 and P. tonsorius Haig, 1960. In addition, Minyocerus kirki Glassell, 1938 is newly recorded from Colombia, extending its previously known distributional range significantly southwards. Most species are illustrated in colour, several for the first time, based on material from Panama or other localities. At least 20 further species (16 in the Atlantic, 5 in the Pacific, and 1 in both oceans) are suspected to occur in Panamanian waters, based on their records from the neighbouring Costa Rica and/or Colombia, or their wide distribution in the Caribbean Sea or the tropical eastern Pacific. The presence of several cryptic or pseudocryptic species (at least some of them presumably undescribed), especially in the taxonomically challenging Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc, 1802) species complex, or the eventual species splitting within some taxa currently seen as transisthmian, will likely further increase the total number of species present in Panama. The porcellanid fauna of Panama is also ecologically remarkably diversified. Most Panamanian porcelain crabs are free-living under rocks, in crevices of rocks, dead coral heads, coralline algae, coral rubble etc., or on mud, among mangrove roots. Euceramus panatelus lives in possibly self-dug burrows in soft mud or muddy sand, whereas its congener E. transversilineatus (Lockington, 1878) may occasionally be found in association with holothuroids. At least 15 further porcellanid species occurring in Panama live in permanent or facultative associations with a variety of other marine organisms, including sponges, cnidarians (octocorals), echinoderms (sea urchins, sea stars, sea cucumbers), polychaetes (parchment worms) and other decapod crustaceans (hermit crabs), making them one of the most attractive groups for studies of symbiosis-related behaviour and evolution.
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Bujang, Japar Sidik, Norhapizah Ahmad Nazri, Muta Harah Zakaria, Azis Arshad, and Hisao Ogawa. "MORPHOLOGIAL PLASTICITY OF HALODULE SPECIES IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS." Marine Research in Indonesia 33, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v33i1.457.

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Halodule species is widely distributed along the south and east coasts of Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. Five locations were selected for the study based on different habitat characteristics; sub-tidal shoal (Merambong-2 sites; Tg. Adang Laut-2 sites), coastal lagoon (Merchang-2 sites), inter-tidal beach front (Lawas-l site) and reef atoll lagoon (Pulau Layang-Layang-l site). Samplings and collections of Halodule plants were conducted from August 2002 until May 2004. The result of the study found that Halodule species are found at depth.of -1.5 to-2.7 m in various habitats with substrates from sandy, coralline sand, calcareous sandy-mud, sandy-mud to muddy substrates and can survive in a wide range of salinity, 18-34 psu. They adapt in th,e different environmental conditions through changes in morphology. Water depth (associated with ambient light), sediment type and sediment depth have an influence on the morphology of vegetative components e.g. leaf length, leaf width, erect stem length and rhizome growth pattern. Leaf tip morphology was not affected by habitat types and the environmental characteristics. Leaf tips for H. uninervis are similar in morphology between young and mature leaves. Leaf tips for H. pinifolia varied with an obvious differences between young and mature leaf tips.
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Abdul Jalil, Khairun Izlinda, and Muhammad Tayyab Qayyum. "Iatrogenic thermal burn after hot water immersion for weever fish sting treatment: a case report." Scars, Burns & Healing 6 (January 2020): 205951312094404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059513120944045.

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Introduction: Lesser weever fish are saltwater fish that are found on the Mediterranean and European coasts, over sandy and muddy seabed areas, typically around the summer season. These bottom dwellers have envenoming dorsal spines that sting when stepped on. Severe pain is the main symptom. Initial treatment involves wound irrigation, removal of spines if they are visible and immediate hot water immersion (HWI). Tetanus prophylaxis, leg elevation and analgesia are recommended after pain subsides. HWI treatment is described as immersion of the affected area in hot, but not scalding, water to tolerance (upper limit 45 °C) for 30–90 min or until there is significant pain relief. While HWI is an effective therapy for the pain control of marine envenomation, it presents a potential risk of thermal burn injury in the untrained or unsupervised. Here, we present a case of an iatrogenic thermal burn after HWI for the treatment of a weever fish sting. Case report: A 16-year-old girl was referred to our outpatient department with a superficial dermal thickness burn to her big toe 12 days after accidental stepping on a lesser weever fish. She reported receiving HWI treatment at the scene of the injury. She was treated with dressing, oral antibiotics and leg elevation. This healed with no sequalae at nine-month follow-up. Conclusion: Thermal burn injury can occur after HWI treatment. Providers should be aware and diligent while the patient needs to be educated in the potential risks. Lay Abstract 5, e, s Stings from lesser weever fish occur mostly in the summer months. These bottom dweller saltwater fish are found in the Mediterranean and European coasts, over sandy and muddy seabed areas; it releases venom from its dorsal spine when stepped on. Severe pain is the main symptom. Recommended first aid includes wound irrigation, removal of spines if they are visible and immediate hot water immersion (HWI) treatment. HWI means immersion of the affected part into hot, but not scalding, water (upper limit 45 °C) for 30–90 min or until pain is alleviated. In an ideal situation, the water temperature should be checked with a thermometer. However, in practice, where no thermometer is available, the water must be tested before immersion. It is advised to ensure that the water should be no hotter than the first aider can stand or the highest temperature tolerable by the patient. However, HWI treatment has a potential risk of burn injury. Here we describe a case of a 16-year-old patient who sustained burn injury after HWI therapy received after a sting by a weever fish. The patient was treated with dressings and the wound healed without requiring surgical intervention. Here, we like to highlight that although HWI is effective in treating stings from marine animals, both the provider and the patient need to be aware of potential burn injury associated with this treatment.
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Chimienti, Giovanni, Tullia Isotta Terraneo, Silvia Vicario, Fabio Marchese, Sam J. Purkis, Ameer Abdulla Eweida, Mattie Rodrigue, and Francesca Benzoni. "A new species of Bathypathes (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Antipatharia, Schizopathidae) from the Red Sea and its phylogenetic position." ZooKeys 1116 (August 4, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1116.79846.

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A black coral, Bathypathes thermophila Chimienti, sp. nov. is described from the Saudi Arabian coasts of the Gulf of Aqaba and north Red Sea (Neom area) using an integrated taxonomic approach. The morphological distinctiveness of the new species is confirmed by molecular analyses. The species thrives in warm and high salinity waters typical of the Red Sea at bathyal depths. It can form colony aggregations on muddy bottoms with scattered, small hard substrates. Colonies are monopodial, feather-like, and attached to a hard substrate through a thorny basal plate. Pinnules are simple, arranged biserially and alternately, and all the same length (up to approximately 20 cm) except for few, proximal ones. Spines are triangular, laterally compressed, subequal, smooth, and simple or rarely bifurcated. Polyps are elongated transversely, 1.5–2.0 mm in transverse diameter. Large colonies can have one or few branches, whose origin is discussed. The phylogenetic position of B. thermophila sp. nov. within the order Antipatharia, recovered using three mitochondrial markers, shows that it is nested within the family Schizopathidae. It is close to species in the genera Parantipathes, Lillipathes, Alternatipathes, and Umbellapathes rather than to the other available representatives of the genus Bathypathes, as currently defined based on morphology. In agreement with previous findings, our results question the evolutionary significance of morphological characters traditionally used to discriminate Antipatharia at higher taxonomic level.
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Mishra, Shwetakshi. "Impact of Urbanization on Declining Mangrove Health of Goa." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 04, no. 01 (2023): 1566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023.4144.

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Mangrove ecosystems are dense forests along the tidal estuaries and comprise incredible biological diversity. Mangrove trees are salt tolerant and survive in muddy anaerobic soils by the presence of pneumatophores (breathing roots). Mangroves have crucial ecological and economic importance. They carry out the source and sink in the carbon cycle, and protect the coasts from floods, tsunamis and other disasters. Mangrove leaves and bark are potential sources of pharmaceutical compounds to treat AIDS, jaundice and cancer. However, unregulated urban development, increased pollution, altered distribution and national highway expansion, bridges and increased tourism has resulted in the most destructive impact on mangrove forest. In the present study, a field survey of mangrove sites in Goa like the areas of Cortalim, Ribandar, Old Goa, etc. has conducted to observe the mangrove morphology, and growing pattern and analyse the impact of urbanization on declining mangrove health. Further, a survey was conducted to track public awareness about the declining mangrove ecosystem. The individuals were divided into four different categories and five questions were asked including whether they are aware of mangroves, their occurrence, their decline, and measures to protect them. Results suggest that most people are aware of declining mangroves but haven't experienced mangrove declines in their locality. Most people suggest that creating awareness, building mangrove farms and implementing strict rules can help in conserving mangroves.
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42

Grégoire, Marilaure. "Muddy coast dynamics and resource management." Journal of Marine Systems 37, no. 4 (November 2002): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-7963(02)00180-x.

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43

Kjerfve, Björn. "Muddy Coast Dynamics and Resource Management." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 84, no. 22 (2003): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003eo220006.

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Wang, Xiao Hua, Dong-Ping Wang, Zhilin Sun, Zhiguo He, Haijiang Liu, Weibing Guan, Dake Chen, et al. "International scientists discuss impact on China’s estuarine and coastal environment by intensive anthropogenic activities – The 2nd workshop on sediment dynamics of muddy coasts and estuaries: Physics, biology and their interactions, Zhoushan, China, 23–26 October, 2015." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 168 (January 2016): ii—iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7714(15)00342-x.

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Zhang, Chun Hua, Yu Juan Chu, Xiao Qing Han, and Wei Ming Gao. "The Study of Evolvement in Muddy Coast." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.363.

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In order to study the muddy costal evolvement processing of Hebei Province in about half century, the paper extracted costal information by 3 S technology from landform maps and remote sensing images. It concluded the station of different areas in different time. Then it studied the evolvement characteristics and the reasons of muddy coast deeply. Except that, it also analyzed the evolvement infections to the nearby coast of the marine engineering. The results were show that the beach was deposited into the sea with the speed from 1 m/a to 315 m/a which were difference about 314 m/a. From 1956 to 2006 the beach was deposited into the sea with the distance of 2.8 km and the average speed of 56 m/a. The muddy coast was deposited constantly. Before 1979 the beach was evolved with slow speed about 7 m/a. However, it was deposited in a high speed. For example, it was already 82 m/a in 1987. It was even in the speed of 315 m/a from 1991 to 1993. After that, it was slow down to 50 m/a from 1993 to 1998. And it was deposited in high speed about 113 m/a in 2006.
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Soltanpour, Mohsen, S. Abbas Haghshenas, and Tomoya Shibayama. "A LABORATORY AND FIELD STUDY ON 2DH SPECTRAL WAVE TRANSFORMATION IN MUDDY ENVIRONMENTS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 14, 2012): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.waves.39.

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The present paper offers a set of wave basin experiments on muddy beds together with field measurements data at Hendijan Mud Coast in the north-west corner of the Persian Gulf in order to investigate the 2DH spectral wave transformation over muddy beds. A dissipation model was added to REF/DIF S wave model to develop a numerical wave spectrum transformation model for muddy beaches. The proposed model was utilized to analyze the experimental and field measurements data on muddy beds. The simulated wave spectra over-mud bed are in fair agreement with the measurements.
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Scavia, Donald. "BOOK REVIEW | Muddy Coast Dynamics and Resource Management." Oceanography 14, no. 4 (2001): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2001.17.

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Orseau, Sylvain, Noelia Abascal Zorrilla, Nicolas Huybrechts, Sandric Lesourd, and Antoine Gardel. "Decadal-scale morphological evolution of a muddy open coast." Marine Geology 420 (February 2020): 106048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2019.106048.

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Kuang, Cuiping, Xiaodan Mao, Pengchen Liu, Ling Deng, Jie Gu, Zhen Ma, Dong Du, Jilong Yang, Futian Liu, and Honglin Song. "Influence of Wind Force on a Silt-Muddy Coast: Huanghua Harbor Coast, China." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 141, no. 6 (November 2015): 05015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000299.

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Dionne, Jean-Claude. "Healy, T., Wang, Y. et Healy, J.-A., 2001. Muddy Coasts of the World : Processes, Deposits and Function. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, vol. 4 de la série Proceedings in Marine Science, XIV + 542 p. 17 x 24,5 cm, 195 $ US. ISBN 0-444-51019-2." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 55, no. 3 (2001): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006858ar.

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