Journal articles: 'Mucous membranes'

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Kaplun, D. V., V. M. Skrupnik, and S. O. Stavitsky. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TISSUE EXERTION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF TENSION IN PERFORMING ON CLOTTING OPERATION." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2018.01.

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Taking into account the development of modern surgical stomatology, the problem of optimizing the closure of the wounds of the mucous membrane in the oral cavity remains relevant. In our opinion, it is important to study the morphological properties of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and optimal tensions and tissue stresses in the area of suturing. It is known that the most susceptible to the action of mechanical factors area is the mucous membrane of the gums. However, taking into account the biomechanical parameters, the mucous membrane of the gum is practically not described. The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of mucous membranes of varying degrees of tension during fracture operations in the oral cavity. The material is taken to the bureau of forensic examination from corpses and both sexes and the period of mature age for histological studies of conditionally healthy mucous membrane of gum. The fence is carried out in the area of incisors, canines and first premolars from both halves of the upper and lower jaws with a standard dental instrument set were compared: a periodontological kit for curettage. The material is collected both in the area of papilla gum, and from its fixed part. Polarization microscopy is used to study the fibroarchitectonics of connective tissue formations. We used a contact strain gauge device to study the biomechanical parameters of the mucous membrane of the gums in normal and at different degrees of tensile of the mucous membranes. At various degrees of tension of the mucous membrane of the cavity of the mouth connective tissue plate loses the characteristic spatial orientation of the beams, the deep disruption of the entire fibrous frame occurs. Tissue stress recording was performed taking into account the tensile strength: weak (5%), average (7%) and strong (10%). Regardless of the degree of this pathology there is a decrease in the indicator we have chosen. Thus, with a weak degree of tension, the tissue pressure of the gum mucus decreases to 208.08 + 19.2 [6.07] Pa. At an average degree, the selected indicator is 149.43 + \ - 20.25 [6.4] Pa. A strong tension reduces the tissue tension of this area to 102.77 + 12.32 [3.9] Pa. One of the factors that provides high values of tissue gum voltage in the norm (350.4 · 9.69 Pa) is its fibrous components, which form a three-dimensional structure in the collagen beams of the 1st and 2nd order relative to the poorly developed elastic network. Different degrees of tensile of mucous membranes as a model of disorganization with the subsequent drop in tissue tension of the fibrous core were described. At the same time, the index of tissue voltage reduction is directly dependent on the tensile strength and is 208.08 + 19.2 Pa. The data presented indicate the disorganization of the fiber composition of the gums while tightening them. The expressiveness and nature of the changes depend on the degree of tension. Clinical manifestation of pathological processes in fibrous components of ascetic connective tissue is characterized by a decrease in tissue tension indices. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between the degree of tensile of the mucous membrane and the adequate reduction of the tense state of the soft core. Various degrees of tension of the mucous membrane can be considered as a kind of model of the fiber matrix with the dynamics of changes in the biomechanical parameters of tissues. The obtained data on the example of normal anatomy of the gums confirm the general pattern in the structures of the soft core - the quantitative ratio, the way of interaction of collagen and elastic fibers. Their spatial architectonics determine the deformative and strength properties of the connective tissue. For a detailed study of structural and biomechanical correlations we have selected mucous membranes with a different degree of tension. Our research has revealed structural changes in the fibrous gingival cortex against a background of different tensions with adequate tissue tension reduction.

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Tarasenko, S. V., A. B. Shehter, E. V. Istranova, E. A. Morozova, and Nataliya A. Blagushina. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE USE OF BIODEGRADABLE COLLAGEN MEMBRANES IN THE CLOSURE OF POSTOPERATIVE DEFECTS OF THE RABBIT ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE." Russian Journal of Dentistry 23, no. 5 (2019): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2019-23-5-192-196.

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The aim is to increase the efficiency of surgical treatment of dental patients with the use of bioresorbable collagen membranes to close postoperative wound defects of the oral mucous membrane. Material and methods. The experimental model was created on 18 laboratory rabbits. The animals were divided into 3 groups: in the control group the healing of the mucous membrane defect on the hard palate was carried out by secondary tissue tension, in the research groups - under the xenopericardium membrane (1) and collagen membrane (2). The morphological study was based on biopsy of all animals' mucous membranes of the hard palate. Microvolume slices 4-5 microns thick were examined on a light microscope. Results. The results testify to the formation of granulation tissue an d epithelization of defects both in the research groups and in the control group. When using collagen materials, a noticeable activatio n of the wound process, shortening of epithelialization were found. A certain advantage of pericardium in activation of wound repair was noted. Conclusion. Application of collagen membranes can be recommended as a method of choice at closing of postoperative defects of the oral mucous membrane after clinical studies.

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Tymofieiev, Oleksii, Oleksandr Tymofieiev, Natalia Ushko, and Mariia Yarifa. "Question of the Etiology of Malignant Neoplasms." Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 1, no. 3−4 (2017): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23999/j.dtomp.2017.3-4.11.

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Purpose. To determine the severity of potentiometric parameters in patients with malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa and the presence of metal inclusions in the form of non-removable dentures made of dissimilar metals and their alloys. Methods. We examined of potentiometric parameters in 39 patients with metallic inclusions in the oral cavity, in which malignant tumors of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (tongue, palate, mucous membrane of the alveolar process and the bottom of the oral cavity) were detected. All subjects were between the ages of 40 and 68 years. Results. High potentiometric indicators were revealed in patients with non-removable metal dentures, which are made of dissimilar metals and their alloys. The presence of defects in the lining of dentures, as well as metal parts of a non-removable structure or metal protective coating ("bald zones") increase the potentiometric parameters and increase the risk of malignant neoplasms of the mucous membranes. Conclusions. The presence of metal inclusions in the oral cavity in the form of permanent dentures can be one of the reasons for the development of malignant neoplasms of the mucous membranes. A significant increase (more than 3 times higher than the normal values) of potentiometric parameters in patients with malignant tumors of the mucous membranes with metallic inclusions in the oral cavity is observed not only between the metals of immovable dentures, but also between the metal denture and the mucosa of the alveolar process of the jaw, between different parts of the mucous membranes of the alveolar process.

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LAVROVA, Iryna, and Mykola KUSHCH. "MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE GIZZARD OF THE BUDGERIGAR (MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS) OF DIFFERENT AGES." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 132 (December 20, 2024): 207–18. https://doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2024-132-207-218.

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The features of the histological structure and morphometric indicators of the microstructures of the gizzard (ventriculus gastris s. pars muscularis) of budgerigars of 9 age groups were determined: 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-day-old, 1-, 2-, 6-month-old and 1-year-old. It was confirmed that the wall of the gizzard consists of four membranes: mucous, submucosa, muscular and serous. The mucous membrane is formed by two layers: the lamina propria and the epithelial layer, the surface of which is covered with cuticle. The lamina propria, formed by loose fibrous connective tissue, contains densely located simple tubular weakly branched glands throughout its depth that produce keratin. The lamina propria is composed of a deep layer containing secretory departments of glands with an expanded base and a superficial layer containing villi that function as excretory ducts, along which liquid secretion moves from the depths of the secretory departments to the surface of the mucous membrane and which has the form of columns that are oxyphilically stained. The epithelial layer of the mucous membrane is represented by a single-layered single-row prismatic epithelium, the cells of which have a weakly oxyphilic cytoplasm and a basally located oval-shaped nucleus. The muscularis mucosae is not found in the composition of the mucous membrane. The submucosa formed by densely arranged bundles of mainly collagen fibers, connects the mucous and muscular membranes. The muscular membrane consists of a single layer, which is built of contractile elements of unstriated muscle tissue and thin fibers of connective tissue. Age-related features of morphometric indicators of microstructures of the budgerigar gizzard were an increase in the thickness of the cuticle, mucous and muscular membranes with age and a decrease in the depth of the glandular portions of the tubular glands. The greatest thickness of the cuticle was in parrots 6 months to 1 year old, and the greatest depth of the glands that produce it was in chicks 1-21 days old.

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Bottone, Edward J., and M. Prestia-Reitano. "Microbial colonization of mucous membranes." Clinics in Dermatology 5, no. 2 (1987): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-081x(87)90004-6.

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Friedman, Robert J. "Mucous membranes in cutaneous disease." Clinics in Dermatology 5, no. 2 (1987): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-081x(87)90016-2.

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Case, Jeffrey D., and Jeffrey P. Callen. "Mucous membranes in systemic disease." Clinics in Dermatology 5, no. 2 (1987): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-081x(87)90017-4.

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Kato, Taizo. "Malignant Melanoma of Mucous Membranes." Archives of Dermatology 123, no. 2 (1987): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1987.01660260086020.

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Kazantseva, N. V., Е. A. Katunina, А. I. Khristachevskaya, and В. L. Lurie. "Results of the use of an autonomous electrostimulator of the gastrointestinal tract and mucous membranes in lumbosacral radiculitis." Neurology Bulletin XXX, no. 1-2 (1998): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb80873.

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An autonomous electrostimulator of the gastrointestinal tract and mucous membranes (AES of the gastrointestinal tract and CO) is a microprocessor placed in a sealed capsule, easy to swallow. Upon contact with the mucous membrane, the electrostimulator turns on and begins to produce electrical impulses that cause a response from the stimulated organ.

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Serbin, S. I., S. O. Dubyna, S. V. Bondarenko, S. M. Sovgyria, M. M. Koptev, and A. V. Pyrog-Zakaznikova. "Morphometric Characteristics of the Glands of the Mucous Membrane of All the Walls of the Human Frontal Sinus in a Norme." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, no. 6 (2022): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.06.051.

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The purpose of the work was to study the microscopic structure of the mucous membrane of all the walls of the frontal sinus of a person in order to obtain morphometric data on its structural components – glands and the submucosal base. Materials and methods. The material for the study was the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus of 110 people who died at the age of 22–86 years from causes not related to the pathology of the paranasal sinuses. Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that the glands in the mucous membranes of all the walls of the frontal sinus are alveolar-tubular in structure. In a morphometric study of such a structural component of the mucous membrane of all the walls of the frontal sinus, as the thickness of the submucosal base, it was shown that the thickest submucosal base is located on the inferior wall (on the left – 423.67 ± 21.33 μm; on the right – 426.45 ± 16.77 μm (p<0.05)) and is four times higher than the average values of thickness on the posterior wall and septum. The outer diameter of the end sections of the glands of septum of the human frontal sinus in a morphometric study averaged 25.42 ± 1.68 μm on the left and 25.89 ± 1.38 μm on the right (p<0.05), that is, the smallest compared to other walls. The values of the average diameter of the end sections of the glands of the mucous membranes of the anterior, inferior, and posterior walls of the frontal sinus probably did not differ between themselves. Conclusion. From the obtained data, it can be clearly seen that the mucous membrane of the inferior wall of the frontal sinus has the greatest functional load, since it has a connection with the nasal cavity in the middle nasal passage. The information obtained in the course of the study significantly expands knowledge about the structure of the human frontal sinus. Digital morphometric (metric) material with statistical processing confirms and complements the differences in the microstructure of the glands of the mucous membrane of the human frontal sinus in general, and separately on each wall, and in comparison with other paranasal sinuses. This is of great importance for modern otorhinolaryngology, since the glands of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses are links of the mucociliary system, and such a process as mucociliary clearance depends on their quality work.

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Narang, Asmita, and A. K. Sharma. "Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis in a Buffalo: A Case Report." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 4 (2024): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i43910.

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The present communication reports a case of infectious pustular vulvo-vaginitis in a 5 year-old Murrah buffalo. The animal had a history of abortion, retention of foetal membranes and dark, raised nodular lesions on the surface of udder with mastitis. Physical examination revealed a rectal temperature of 104 ℃ and slightly congested mucous membranes. On examination of the vaginal mucous membranes, several white, round lesions were observed. Dark circular, raised lesions were observed on the surface of the udder as well. On haematological examination it was found that there was presence of absolute neutrophilia with a mild left shift. The impression smear from vaginal mucous membrane revealed hyperplastic changes with presence of few neutrophils. The CMT score of all quarters were 2+, with pustular discharge observed from the right hindquarter. The animal was treated with Ceftiofur (1.1 mg/kg BW), gentamicin (4.4 mg/kg BW) and metronidazole (10mg/kg BW) along with b-complex vitamins and supplements containing biotin and vitamin A. The animal recovered uneventfully.

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Tybinka, A. M. "Comprehensive characteristics of rectal morphology in chickens with different types of autonomous regulation." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 2 (2023): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas6-2.08.

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The influence of typological features of autonomous regulation on the dimensions, structure, and blood supply of the rectum in chickens has been studied. The experimental group consisted of clinically healthy adult chickens of the Isa-Brown breed, divided into two groups using electrocardiography and variation pulsometry methods: chickens with sympathetic-tonic regulation and chickens with sympathetic-normotonic regulation. In each group, the length and diameter of the rectum, the branching of its arterial vessels, and the microscopic structure of the intestinal wall were examined. The corresponding artery provides the blood supply to the rectum, the branching of which showed no significant differences between the poultry groups. The peculiarities of autonomous regulation significantly influence the morphological structure of the intestinal wall’s mucous and muscular membranes. The serous membrane does not respond to these features. Chickens with sympathetic-tonic regulation (ST chickens) are characterized by a greater thickness of all indicated membranes and, consequently, the entire intestinal wall. Chickens with sympathetic-normotonic regulation (ST-NT chickens) have a greater thickness only in the muscular plate of the mucous membrane and its longitudinal layer. Regarding the quantity of collagen and elastic fibers, ST chickens dominate the mucous membrane’s crypt area, while ST-NT chickens dominate the muscular membrane. However, the density of connective tissue fibers in the mucous membrane is much lower than in the muscular one. The quantity and distribution of plasma cells have similar patterns in both groups. Specific morphometric compensation between two functionally related indicators is also an important aspect. In this case, larger values of one indicator are combined with smaller values of another. For example, a smaller diameter of the rectum in ST chickens is associated with its greater length; a smaller number of goblet cells on one villus corresponds to a larger area of their secretory section; a larger area of the nerve node of the intramuscular nerve plexus is combined with a smaller number of these nodes per 1 cm² of the intestinal wall. Thus, the structure of the rectum in chickens, adapting to the corresponding type of autonomous regulation, maintains the balance at the level of individual membranes and the entire intestinal wall.

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Camisa, Charles, and Joan M. Rindler. "Diseases of the oral mucous membranes." Current Problems in Dermatology 8, no. 2 (1996): 43–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-0486(05)80005-5.

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Weiss, John W. "Sexually transmitted diseases of mucous membranes." Clinics in Dermatology 5, no. 2 (1987): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-081x(87)90012-5.

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Tüzün, Yalçin, Aylin Kalayciyan, Burhan Engin, and Binnur Tüzün. "Life-threatening disorders of mucous membranes." Clinics in Dermatology 23, no. 3 (2005): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.06.007.

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Kotenkova, Elena Alexandrovna, and Ekaterina Polishchuk. "Assessment of antimicrobial potential of substances isolated from some wastes of meat processing industry." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (2019): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1079.

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The slaughter of farm animals generates a large number of by-products. Meat waste management includes various methods, but cost-effective technologies are still in priority. This manuscript reports the results of the study of antimicrobial activity of substances isolated from such wastes of meat processing industry as bovine and pork mucous membranes and epithelial tissues. Proteomic study included two-dimensional electrophoresis with following mass spectrometric identification. Antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus of neutralized native extracts and after enzymatic treatment as well as its ultrafiltrates was determined by flow cytometry with EvaGreen and PI dyes. It was shown that a large number of histones were found in bovine mucous membranes as well as several tissue-specific proteins, which would be a precursor of bioactive peptides. Bovine mucous membranes of the tongue and nasal cavity possessed the greatest activity in relation to P. aeruginosa, the rate of surviving cells decreased to 22.0%. Bovine mucous membranes of the rectum and the oral cavity, submandibular lymph nodes, pig mucous membranes of the larynx, tongue, lips, and rectum increased dead cells count up to 40% of all cells. Bovine nasal mucosa and pork mucous of labial cavity possessed the greatest activity against S. aureus, the rate of surviving cells did not exceed 10.0%. Determination of antimicrobial action against L. monocytogenes of native samples and treated with trypsin showed that bovine mucous membranes of the rectum and oral cavity, pork mucosa of the lips and submandibular glands were the most active. Treatment with trypsin or ultrafiltration demonstrated different effects on activity of samples. It was shown the perspectivity of recycling of such type of by-products into effective and demanded substances which can be used, for example, in the food industry as an alternative to chemical preservatives.

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Eskov, E. K., M. D. Eskova, and A. S. Rozhenkov. "DIAGNOSIS OF POISONING OF BEES WITH LEAD AND CADMIUM." Toxicological Review, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2018-1-26-29.

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Changes in the histogram of the midgut in bees exposed to lead and cadmium salts polluting their carbohydrate feed was studied. Normally , the mitgut is composed of the mucosa and muscular membranes separated with a thin layer of the basal membrane. The muscular membrane that forms the outer wall is a layer of cross-striated muscle symplasis intersecting in mutually perpendicular directions. On the mucous side, the muscular layer is delimited by a basal membrane and its outer side freely connects with internal environments of the abdominal region. Specific signs of lead poisoning manifest in the development of total and sub-total coagulative necrosis of the midgut mucous membrane. Its lesion in poisoning with cadmium is characterized by dystrophy expressed in cytoplasmic micro vesiculation which is followed by desquamation of the mucous membrane and destruction of glandular crypts.

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Masalovich, Yu S., O. A. Val'chuk, and S. S. Dercach. "Dynamics of arborization of secretions of mucous membranes for the stimulated sexual cycle of cows." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (2018): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8333.

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The changes of arborization of secretions of mucous membranes during stimulated sexual cycle in cows have been investigated. It is established that the dynamics of arborization from the oral mucous membranes, the vestibule of the vagina for hormonal stimulation of the sexual cycle has a direct effect on the level of estrogens in cows. Starting from the third day of research, the number of animals in which we observed a clear arborization increased to four (40%), which indicates an increase in estrogen levels. Instead, six animals (60%) lacked arborization. On the fourth day in the estrus stage (insemination day), the number of cows in the smears we noticed a clear arborization increased to 7 (70%). This was the highest rate during the studies and suggests that only 7 cows had the highest estrogen levels at their peak. From the fifth to the 10th day of the study, a gradual decrease in the number of animals in smears was marked by clear arborization. This, in its turn, is associated with the formation on the site of an ovulatory follicle of the yellow body that begins to produce a progesterone, indicating the stage of the meteor shower. At the 12th of observation in smears of one animal was marked a clear crystallization while in the other nine it was absent. Beginning from the 13th to the 21st day, arboretization in the smears from the mucous membrane of prickly vagina was absent. Only on 14, 15, 17, and 20th day it was noticed singular or not clear arborization. At the 22–24th day of observation in one cow, signs of the next sexual cycle were recorded. Namely, in smears, we noticed a clear arborization, which confirms the renewal of sexual cycle and lack of fertilization. Mucus mucous membranes of spit vagina and saliva of cows for spontaneous want have a longer-term character and a clear figure in the form of a leaf of fern than in the induced sexual cycle, where the drawing was less intense and short-lived in the stage of the estrus. According to our data, one can sometimes observe single crystallization in the stage of metetrusus and diestrus. This is what we associate with the selection of smears from the oral cavity after feeding the animals with concentrated foods, acidic silage, and in smears from mucus, vinegar vinegar – functional disorders in the sexual system.

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Kumari, Nitu, Vikas Mishra, and Priyanka. "An Anatomical Study of Pittadhara Kalaw.s.r Duodenal Ulcer -A Review." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 06, no. 06 (2023): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2023.6619.

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Ayurvedahas played important key role in Alternative Medicine, Traditional Ayurvedascience. In Ayurvedabasic principles like Tridosha, Panchmahabhuta,Dravyagunaare explained briefly. Acharyasushrutahas explained KalaSharirin 4thChapter of SharirasthanaGharbhashariramadhyaya. Total seven kala are present in the Human body and these are the limiting membranes between Dhatuand Aashaya. PittdharaKalais sixth in order, situated in between Pakwashayaand Amashya(i.e.Pakwaamashya). Pittdharakalacan be correlated with mucous membrane of small intestine. Upper part of small intestine is known as duodenum. Duodenal ulcer is one of the peptic ulcers. Duodenum ulcer are formed due to damage of barrier, which is made up by cells of duodenum from mucus membrane. The main cause of mucus membrane is infection with bacteria called Helicobacter Pylori or H.Pylori. The bacteria cause the lining of your duodenum to become inflamed and an ulcer can form. Present paper is about to explore involvement of Pittadhara Kalain duodenal ulcer

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Néstor, Daniel Rodriguez Trujillo, Erika Boza Medrano María, Espinosa Ramos Monserrat, and Aldonza Rios López Giovanna. "Clinical, diagnostic, and treatment comparisons between Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: review of the literature." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 03, no. 05 (2023): 981–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7974008.

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Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare but serious medical condition, which is classified within the blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. It is characterized by a severe and generalized immune-mediated inflammatory reaction, predominantly affecting the skin and mucous membranes, such as the eyes, mouth and genitalia.

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Kika, V. V., O. A. Makarenko, and Zh O. Novikova. "Development of Inflammation in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Rats after Prolonged Administration of Alcohol." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 6 (2021): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.06.253.

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The purpose of the work was to experimentally study the chronic alcohol intoxication on the indicators of inflammation and lipid peroxidation in the gastrointestinal system. Materials and methods. Ethyl alcohol was added to the water for 2-month-old male rats, ranging from 5% to 15% for 108 days. In homogenates of mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, the activity of elastase enzymes, acid phosphatase and the concentration of malonic dialdehyde were determined, in serum – elastase activity and malonic dialdehyde content. Results and discussion. Biochemical research of one of the markers of inflammation (elastase activity) in rats found a probable increase of elastase activity in different parts of the digestive tract after prolonged alcohol consumption, regardless of the sex of the animals. Thus, in the serum of rats after the introduction of ethanol, the activity of elastase increased by 71.7%, in the oral mucosa – by 29.2%, in the gastric mucosa – by 55.5%, in the liver – by 29.0%. In the small and large intestine, the level of this marker of inflammation has changed slightly. The level of elastase activity shows the degree of accumulation of leukocytes in the tissues as a result of the development of the inflammatory process. Acid phosphatase activity in the oral mucosa of rats treated with ethanol increased by 47.4%, in the gastric mucosa – by 30.3%, in the mucous membrane of the small intestine – by 37.4%, in the mucous membrane of the colon – by 40.4%, in the liver – by 112.6%. Activation of acid phosphatase, along with other lysosomal enzymes, is the primary inflammatory response that triggers the production of mediators, which in turn cause secondary tissue alteration in subsequent stages of the inflammatory process. Therefore, the results obtained on the activation of acid phosphatase along with elastase indicate the presence of inflammation in the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, and especially in the liver of rats chronically treated with ethanol. The introduction of alcohol also led to an increase in the concentration of malonic dialdehyde in the mucous membranes: the oral cavity – by 20.3%, the stomach – by 32.3%, the small intestine – by 96.6%, the colon – by 50.2%, in the liver – by 39.4%, in serum – by 33.3%. A significant increase in the level of malonic dialdehyde in the tissues of the digestive tract of rats after long-term intake of ethanol is a sign of activation of lipid peroxidation and intensification of oxidative stress reactions. Conclusion. The results of the study of elastase activity indicate the development of inflammation in the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and serum of rats under the influence of chronic administration of ethanol. Increased acid phosphatase activity in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract after prolonged use of ethanol indicates damage to cell membranes, which is a consequence of inflammation. A significant increase in the level of malonic dialdehyde in the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and serum of rats after chronic ethanol intake is a sign of intensification of oxidative stress reactions

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Kuman, Maria. "Boost the Defense of Your Mucous Membranes During the Pandemic for Protection Against Any Mutated Airborne Viruses." Clinical Case Reports and Clinical Study 4, no. 2 (2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.61148/2766-8614/jccrcs/069.

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Viruses mutate- we already have a few new mutated Coronaviruses and more mutated viruses could be expected. If so, the right approach to protect ourselves is to boost the defense of our mucous membranes against any mutated airborne viruses. All airborne viruses pass through the mucous membranes of the nose and throat to go to the lungs. How to boost the defense of these mucous membranes? I offer a combination of oil vitamins – Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin F, and vitamin D3. They are all oil vitamins and need to be taken in liquid form to be assimilated. They are not assimilated when taken as tablets [1].

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Kika, V., and O. Makarenko. "Development of oxidative stress in laboratory rats with alcohol intoxication." Visnyk of Lviv University. Biological series, no. 87 (November 11, 2022): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2022.87.11.

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Introduction: the imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of cells to neutralize them is characterized as oxidative stress and occurs in almost any pathological condition. Reactions to convert ethanol to acetic acid are accompanied by an increase in ROS production. Given the prevalence of alcohol abuse and the contribution of oxidative stress to the development of pathological conditions, we formulated the aim of our work: to assess the impact of chronic alcohol intoxication on the development of oxidative stress in the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, liver, serum and bone of laboratory rats. Materials and Methods: the experiment was performed on 2-month-old rats of both sexes. The method of alcoholization is “semi-voluntary”. The experimental groups were given ethanol with 5 % drinking water at the beginning of the experiment and gradually increased to 15 %. The duration of the experiment is 108 days. Catalase activity (a marker of the antioxidant system) and malonic dialdehyde content (an indicator of the degree of lipid peroxidation) were determined in the serum, liver, jaw bone, mucous membranes of the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and colon of rats. The antioxidant-prooxidant index was calculated from the values of these indicators. Results: prolonged consumption of alcohol by males and females led to a decrease in catalase activity in the tissues of the digestive tract from 16.0 % in the large intestinal to 25.0 % in the small intestinal mucosa, and, conversely, to increase in the jaws. the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and liver increased by 1.2–38.6 %. Chronic alcohol consumption increased the concentration of malonic dialdehyde in the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract by 20.3–96.6 %, in serum – by 20.4–33.3 %, bone tissue – by 44.8–58.7 %. The balance between antioxidants and prooxidants in tissues most clearly reflects the antioxidant-prooxidant index. Alcohol consumption contributed to the reduction of antioxidant-prooxidant index in the tissues of the digestive tract by 37.6–65.0 %, in the liver by 24.7 %, in serum by 38.3 %, in the jaws by 4.2–15.9 %. In the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, this figure increased by 6.0–10.0 %. Conclusions: According to the results of our study, oxidative stress induced by ethanol developed to a greater extent in the mucous membrane of the small intestine, and to a lesser extent – in the mucous membrane of the mouth and jaw bone. Female tissues are more resistant to the development of oxidative stress due to prolonged alcohol consumption.

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Herich, R., and M. Levkut. "Lactic acid bacteria, probiotics and immune system." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 6 (2012): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5821-vetmed.

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Mucous membranes of the body are in direct contact with the outside environment and they are colonised by a large number of different bacteria. Through mucous membranes, the organism is in permanent con-tact with different antigens. Mucous surfaces are protected by many defence mechanisms that ensure a permanent and effective protection. They include the production of secretory IgA, the production of mucus, cytoprotective peptides, defensins etc. Indigenous microflora markedly affects the structure of the host mucous, its function, and the development of the whole immune system. Protective microflora prevents pathogens from adhering by competi-tion for substrates and places of adhesion, and they simultaneously produce antibacterial substances and stimulate the production of specific antibodies and mucus. The early colonisation of the gut with living micro-organisms is important for the development of the gut protection barrier. The number of immune and epithelial cells increases. Probiotic micro-organisms including lactic acid bacteria (LAB) positively influence the composition of the gut microflora; they stimulate the production of secretory IgA; they affect the targeted transportation of the luminal antigens to Peyer&rsquo;s patches and they increase the production of IFN-g. LAB stimulate the activity of non-specific and specific immune cells. These properties of the LAB depend on the particular species or strain of bacteria. These singularities are probably determined by differences in the cell wall composition. LAB belong to a group of benefi-cially acting bacteria and they are able to eliminate damage to the gut microenvironment; they stimulate local and systemic immune responses and they maintain the integrity of the gut wall.

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Nizheharodava, D. B., H. I. Ivanchyk, N. A. Marozava, A. M. Starastsin, J. V. Kolyadich, and M. M. Zafranskaya. "Cytokine microenvironment of mucous membranes in immunopathology." Medical and Biological Problems of Life Activity, no. 1 (March 18, 2024): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.58708/2074-2088.2024-1(31)-104-111.

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Cytokines regulate the functioning of the mucosal immune system at various levels of innate and acquired immune response. The disturbances in cytokines balance result in the loss of the mucous membranes barrier function as well as the development of a protumorigenic or chronic autoimmune microenvironment. Changes in the local microenvironment of the mucous membranes as a result of a complex network of interactions between cytokines and target cells may be a key step towards understanding the pathogenesis of immune-mediated mucosal system diseases and the development of new effective methods of diagnosis and therapy. In this article the cytokine in situ production of IL-15, αIFN and Reg3γ, IL-8, IL-17 and TGFβ was assessed in 55 patients with immunopathology of the mucous membranes (malignant and benign neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, polypous rhinosinusitis and Crohn’s disease). The relationship of cytokines and mechanisms of innate and acquired immunity has been established under conditions of pathological tolerance and chronic autoimmune inflammation development.

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Rato, Margarida, Ana Filipe Monteiro, João Aranha, and Ermelindo Tavares. "Ashy dermatosis with involvement of mucous membranes." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 92, no. 5 suppl 1 (2017): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176133.

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Yeroshenko, G. A., K. V. Shevchenko, and K. S. Kazakova. "TOXIC EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON MUCOUS MEMBRANES." World of Medicine and Biology 13, no. 61 (2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.26724/2079-8334-2017-3-61-169-173.

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Kluknavská, Jana, Silvia Timková, Eugen Ďurovič, and Jozef Minčík. "Recurrent chronic ulcerations of oral mucous membranes." Stomatológ 29, no. 2 (2019): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.69658/sto.2019.021.

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Straughn, Jane C., and Francina B. Barker. "Avoiding glutaraldehyde irritation of the mucous membranes." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 33, no. 5 (1987): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(87)71655-1.

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Silverman, Robert A. "Diseases of the mucous membranes in children." Clinics in Dermatology 5, no. 2 (1987): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-081x(87)90015-0.

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Pandey, Manoj, Aleyamma Mathew, Elizabeth K. Abraham, Iqbal M. Ahamed, and Krishnan M. Nair. "Primary malignant melanoma of the mucous membranes." European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 24, no. 4 (1998): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0748-7983(98)80011-5.

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Jonsson, Roland, Per Brandtzaeg, Audun H. Nerland, and Hans-Jacob Haga. "Immunopathology of mucous membranes and exocrine glands." Arthritis & Rheumatism 41, no. 4 (1998): 572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(199804)41:4<572::aid-art3>3.0.co;2-p.

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McCarthy, Philip. "Dermatological Clinics: Diseases of the Mucous Membranes." Archives of Dermatology 125, no. 12 (1989): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1989.01670240123036.

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Shkvaria, M. M., O. V. Semionov, N. I. Suslova, and V. L. Khomutenko. "The development of ultrasonographic diagnosis criteria for cholecystitis differentiation in dogs." Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine 12, no. 2 (2024): 10–16. https://doi.org/10.32819/2024.12007.

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The paper presents the results of research of diagnosis and stage determination peculiarities of cholecystitis in dogs. In general, the clinical, differential diagnostic and ultrasonographic stages of the course of cholecystitis were studied. An important clinical and diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of cholecystitis in dogs is the application of the ultrasonographic examination. The study included 64 dogs, which were examined to diagnose cholecystitis. Three groups of dogs were identified: 17 dogs (27% of cases) were affected with initial stage of cholecystitis, 26 dogs (40% of cases) were affected with intermediate and 21 dogs (33%) were affected with late stage. The main clinical symptoms of the first stage of the gallbladder inflammation consisted of anorexia, vomiting, abdominal wall pain. The ultrasonographic picture was characterized by the presence of a hyperechoic wall of the gallbladder, an increase in the thickness of its wall, and a thickening of the mucous layer. Following mentioned symptoms including anorexia, weight loss, the presence of vomiting, decreased skin turgor, icterus of the mucous membranes, and abdominal wall pain were chosen as the main clinical symptoms of the 2nd stage of the gallbladder inflammation. Morphological signs that were selected for the diagnosis of cholecystitis were investigated by ultrasonography, including the presence of the wall hyperechoicity, thickening of the gallbladder wall, thickening of the mucous membrane layer, the presence of a suspension (mucocele) in the gallbladder and hyperechoic calculi. Presence of anorexia, a decrease in body weight, the presence of vomiting, a decrease in skin turgor, icterus of the mucous membranes, tenderness of the abdominal wall during palpation were chosen as the main clinical symptoms of the 3rd stage of gallbladder inflammation. During the 3rd stage of cholecystitis in dogs, the following signs were determined by ultrasonography: hyperechogenicity and heteroechogenicity of the gallbladder wall, thickening of the mucous membrane of the gallbladder; the presence of erosions on the mucous membrane, the presence of mucocele and hyperechoic calculi up to 5-7 mm in the gallbladder.

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Mergler, Rebecca, Andreas Kerstan, Enno Schmidt, Matthias Goebeler, and Sandrine Benoit. "Atypical Clinical and Serological Manifestation of Pemphigus Vegetans: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Dermatology 9, no. 1 (2017): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000468919.

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Pemphigus vegetans (PVeg) is a rare variant of pemphigus vulgaris characterized by pustules and/or papillomatous vegetations, preferentially affecting intertriginous and periorificial areas. Exceptional manifestations may be misdiagnosed resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis is confirmed by immunofluorescence and detection of anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 3 and/or anti-Dsg1 antibodies. We herein report an unusual manifestation of PVeg. At the time of first presentation, lesions were restricted to the right ring finger’s tip. Although mucous membranes were initially not affected, high levels of anti-Dsg3 antibodies were detected while anti-Dsg1 and anti-desmocollin (Dsc) 1, 2, and 3 antibodies were absent. To compare our immunological findings with previous reports, all accessible Anglophone literature published since December 1988 was evaluated. We identified 52 patients suffering from PVeg, 7 of these showed anti-Dsg3 antibodies without any mucous membrane involvement. Notably, the detection of anti-Dsg1 and anti-Dsg3 antibodies does not necessarily correlate with the involvement of skin and/or mucous membranes. This might be due to more specific and complex antibody constellations in nonclassical or atypical pemphigus.

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Bradić-Vasić, Marija, Ana Pejčić, Milena Kostić, Ivan Minić, Radmila Obradović, and Ivana Stanković. "Lichen planus: Oral manifestations, differential diagnosis and treatment." Acta stomatologica Naissi 36, no. 81 (2020): 1980–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/asn2081980b.

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Introduction: Some of the typical skin diseases, such as Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigoid mucosae oris, Erythema exudativum multiforme, Sclerodremia, Dermatitis herpetiformis-Duhring and Lichen planus, can cause swelling and irritation in mucous membranes of the oral cavity. Aim: The aim of the study was to precise diagnosis and treatment of oral Lichen planus manifestations. Methods: Analyzing the literature data and the experience of clinicians, the most common oral lichen planus manifestations were investigated. Results: This disease most commonly occurs in middle-aged patients (30-60 years) and is more common in women than in men. Oral Lichen planus is rarely seen in children. The disease presents in 0.5% to 2% of the population. Clinical history established the relation between oral Lichen planus and oral carcinoma, and therefore this disease should be considered a precancerous lesion. Conclusion: Dermatoses in the mouth are localized most often in the oral mucosa, both at the height of the occlusal line and in the mucous membrane of the retromolar area, but they can also occur in the mucous membranes of the tongue, the floor of the mouth and lips.

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Agafonov, A. A., and M. G. Tukhbatullin. "Resection of submucosa and mucous membrane of the stomach retaining seromuscular membranes and pyloric constrictor." Kazan medical journal 74, no. 3 (1993): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj64688.

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The method suggested involves only the resection of submucosa and mucous membrane of the stomach retaining seromus cular membranes and pyloric constrictor. The method provides minimum traumatism of innervational apparatus, blood and lymphatic vessels of the stomach allowing thereafter the recovery of the organ functions.

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Stuart-Tilley, A., C. Sardet, J. Pouyssegur, M. A. Schwartz, D. Brown, and S. L. Alper. "Immunolocalization of anion exchanger AE2 and cation exchanger NHE-1 in distinct adjacent cells of gastric mucosa." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 2 (1994): C559—C568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.2.c559.

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The gastric mucosa secretes both protons and bicarbonate. The molecular identity of the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase, which mediates acid secretion, has long been known, but the other components of the secretory machinery and their cellular disposition are less well characterized. This study identifies and localizes in rat and rabbit gastric mucosa a chloride-bicarbonate exchanger protein and a Na(+)-H+ exchanger protein. The previously described band 3-related protein of the parietal cell has been identified by isoform-specific antibodies as anion exchanger (AE) 2 and localized to the basolateral membranes of the parietal cells. The Na(+)-H+ exchanger protein NHE-1 was located in the basolateral membranes of the mucous neck cells, interdigitated between the parietal cells of the gastric glands and in the basolateral membranes of the surface mucous cells. Neither transporter protein was abundantly expressed deep in the gland, where most of the pepsinogen cells reside. Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) was expressed at higher abundance in the surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells, which expressed NHE-1, than in the parietal cells, which expressed AE2. The morphological evidence identified AE2 as a major parietal cell anion exchanger, whereas NHE-1 and CA II colocalized in mucous neck, chief, and surface mucous cells. We propose that all three of these cell types contribute to gastric bicarbonate secretion.

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Polyanskaya, A. I., and M. V. Shchipakin. "Histological patterns of the stomach of Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect." International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, no. 2 (June 29, 2023): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.2.248.

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Pig breeding is currently a fairly promising industry that is able to ensure the food security of citizens in the Russian Federation with meat, bacon and bacon products. By nature, the stomach of pigs is classified as a mixed type (esophageal-intestinal), and therefore there is a special interest in studying the histological structure of the stomach in newborn piglets. The purpose of our study is to study the histological patterns of the stomach wall of Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect, to clarify morphometric indicators and to characterize histostructures. As a result of the study, two age groups of piglets were used: newborn one-day-old piglets and 28-30 days of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The histological method was used for the study. According to the results of the study, it was found that the stomach wall of Yorkshire piglets of two age groups is represented by three membranes: the mucosa, which borders on the submucosal base; muscle and serous membranes. The mucous membrane is represented by simple weakly branching tubular glands formed by the main, lining and accessory cells. At the age of 30 days, mucus-producing cells in the cardiac department were detected mainly in the deep parts of the mucosa, in the fundal they showed weak secretory activity throughout the branching tubular glands, and in the pyloric, as in the cardiac department, they were most often found in deep areas of the mucous membrane. Numerous nerve plexuses and ganglia were observed between the circular and longitudinal layers of smooth musculature in the thickness of the muscle membranes, occurring both in a oneday-old animal and at the age of 30 days. The serous lining of the stomach had a typical structure, was represented by loose connective tissue covered with mesothelium.

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Ostronosova, N. S., V. N. Saperov, A. V. Golovin, and V. V. Smerdova. "Two cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome." Kazan medical journal 68, no. 4 (1987): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj96148.

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Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a severe erythema multiforme exudative with simultaneous lesions of the mucous membranes of natural orifices. Along with changes in the skin and mucous membranes, internal organs are also affected. The etiology of the disease is not fully elucidated. In recent years, there is more and more data for hyperergic form of drug dermatitis. In this regard, two cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome are of interest.

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Berumen, Murra María Teresa, Blanco Angel Enrique Ortegón, Nava Lucía Achell, Colin Guadalupe Maldonado, and Vivero Dolores Maribel Arellano. "Mucosal Involvement in Psoriasis: Series of Clinical Cases." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies 5, no. 03 (2025): 461–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14992999.

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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that manifests mainly in the skin; however, some cases develop psoriatic arthritis, nails and mucous membranes involvement. Among the mucosal manifestations, the oral mucosa is the most frequently described. Below, 6 clinical cases of psoriasis with involvement of both oral and genital mucous membranes in a thirth level health institution in Mexico City are presented and a bibliographic review of the topic is carried out.

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Mubasshera Sabir Khan, Rimsha Naaz Khursheed Ahmad, Awais Badruddoja, et al. "Development and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal films for the sustained release of diclofenac sodium: An innovative approach for pain management." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 13, no. 1 (2024): 814–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2024.13.1.0484.

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The research explores the development and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal films for the sustained release of diclofenac sodium, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for pain relief. Mucoadhesive buccal films are an innovative drug delivery system designed to adhere to the mucous membrane in the oral cavity, enabling the controlled release of drugs directly into the bloodstream, bypassing first-pass metabolism and improving therapeutic outcomes. These films provide sustained release, localized action, and improved compliance, making them more convenient for patients. Mucus membranes, which are moist surfaces lining body cavities, are the main components of mucus gels. The wetting theory applies to mucoadhesion, which involves the release of mucus from the mucosal surface into the bloodstream. The study aims to develop a more efficient and effective method for the controlled release of diclofenac sodium, a potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug.

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Radtsig, E. Yu, A. N. Radtsig, and M. A. Varavina. "Protective properties of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and methods of their activation." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 66, no. 1 (2021): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-1-140-146.

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The article discusses the issues of the protective mechanisms of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract: mucociliary clearance, production of protective proteins and the mucosal immunity system. The data on the significance and relationship of lymphoid structures associated with mucous membranes of various anatomical localization are presented. The mechanisms of action of topical bacterial lysates are considered, their effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases and their complications is described.

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Rasskazova, Nadezhda D., N. D. Abramova, T. D. Soshchenko, et al. "Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-18, IL-33) at the level of the mucous membrane, the entry point of infection, in persons who have experienced COVID-19 disease." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 14, no. 3 (2024): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-eop-16804.

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Introduction. The mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract is the entrance gate for a large number of infections, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus. That is why the main task of the immune system of the mucous membranes of the entrance gate of infection is to maintain respiratory function. High production of proinflammatory cytokines, which play a key role in the development of severe COVID-19 infection, leads to detrimental consequences for all body systems. Their long-term influence can not only aggravate chronic pathologies, but also significantly increase the recovery period, leading to a decrease in the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to study the expression of IL-18 and IL-33 genes at the level of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract in patients who have had COVID-19 disease. Materials and methods. The present study involved patients who had moderate or severe COVID-19. The control group consisted of relatively healthy individuals. The expression levels of IL-18 and IL-33 were detected using RT-PCR. Results. During the entire period of rehabilitation after suffering from COVID-19, patients showed a tendency to increase the level of IL-18 expression at the level of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and oropharynx. The level of IL-33 production was also increased, but varied depending on the location and period of sample collection. Conclusion. This increase in the level of IL-18 during the rehabilitation period of patients after COVID-19 may be explained by the fact that the virus, by activating glia through olfactory receptor neurons, triggers a powerful immune response and promotes the production of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the contrary, overexpression of IL-33 in the late stages of rehabilitation is most likely associated with its ability to restore barrier tissues of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. Thus, we can conclude that the virus promotes excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the amount of which increases maximally at the 6th month of rehabilitation after suffering from COVID-19.

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Leontieva, Irina V., Tatyana V. Pavlova, Violetta V. Kulaeva, et al. "Reaction of the oral mucosa to damage and its regeneration during cytostatic therapy." Journal of Volgograd State Medical University 20, no. 4 (2024): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/1994-9480-2023-20-4-99-103.

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Objective: Experimental study of the damaging effect of cytostatics on the oral mucosa, disruption of the protective mechanisms of the mucous membrane, as well as assessment of the reversibility of these changes. Materials and methods: Using histological, morphometric, and quantitative histochemical methods, the mucous membrane of the tongue was studied on 40 mature white outbred mice after intraperitoneal administration of the cytostatic cyclophosphamide (CP) at a dose of 400 mg/kg for 5 days (20 animals). Animals in the control group (20 mice) were injected with isotonic sodium chloride solution at the same frequency. The material was obtained 24 hours and 20 days after the last injection of the drug. The condition of the oral mucosa (OM) on the ventral surface of the tongue was assessed. Results: Exposure to CP led to damage to all layers of the mucous membrane: the processes of proliferation and keratinization of the integumentary epithelium were disrupted, and synthetic processes in the epithelial cells of the small mixed salivary glands were disrupted. The number of granulocytes and mast cells decreased, and the relative volume of blood vessels in the connective tissue of the mucous membrane decreased. The changes were reversible. Conclusions: Cytostatic therapy leads to damage to the oral mucosa and disruption of its supraepithelial, epithelial and subepithelial protective mechanisms. There is a high degree of regeneration of the mucous membranes after the withdrawal of the cytostatic drug.

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Masiuk, D. M. "The morphological changes relationship in the small intestine mucous membrane with the dynamics of the enterocyte’s membranes polypeptide composition in cattle during the fetal period of their ontogenesis." Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 1 (2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/2021.91009.

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The article presents current data on the relationship of morphological changes in the jejenum intestine mucous membrane with the dynamics of the polypeptide composition in the cattle enterocytes membranes during the fetal period of ontogenesis. The study was carried out on 80 fetuses of Holstein cattle, aged 2–9 months, with a body weight of 0.6–39 kg. It was found that during the fetal period of ontogenesis, structural transformations took place in the jejunal mucous membrane of cattle, characterized by intense morphofunctional changes in its structural components. The polypeptide composition of the jejunal enterocytes plasma membrane in cattle during the fetal period of ontogenesis was determined, in particular, in the apical and basolateral membranes, respectively, 27 and 25 protein fractions with a molecular weight of 9.6–14.2 kDa to 300 kDa were found, respectively. With the help of the correlation analysis for the received data, reliable interconnections of morphological changes in the jejunal mucous layer with the dynamics of the polypeptide composition of the cattle enterocyte’s membranes during the fetal period of ontogenesis were obtained. It has been proven that the thickness of the intestinal wall with villi and the mucous membrane with villi is directly related to the content of proteins with a molecular weight of 250 kDa and 155 kDa on the apical domain of enterocytes (P ≤ 0.01–0.001). The height of the villi is associated only with the content of polypeptides with a molecular weight of 250 kDa and 155 kDa (P ≤ 0.05–001) in the apical membrane and is inversely related to the content of polypeptides with a molecular weight of 9.6–14.2 kDa, 21 kDa, 22.5 kDa, 26 kDa, 33 kDa, 35 kDa, 170–185 kDa (P ≤ 0.01–0.001). The width of the villi is related to the content on the apical membrane of proteins with a molecular weight of 170–185 kDa and 21 kDa (P ≤ 0.05–0.01). The thickness of the intestinal wall with villi and mucous membrane with villi is associated with the content of proteins with molecular weights 155 kDa, 100 kDa, 87 kDa, 66 kDa, 52 kDa) and 43 kDa (P ≤ 0.05–0.001) on the basolateral domain of enterocytes and inversely dependent on the content of polypeptides with molecular weights of 19 kDa, 21 kDa and 31 kDa (P ≤ 0.05). The height of enterocyte villi is directly related to the content of polypeptides with a molecular weight of 155 kDa and 52 kDa (P ≤ 0,05–0,01) in the basolateral membrane and is inversely dependent on the content of polypeptides with a molecular weight of 24 kDa, 22.5 kDa and 17 kDa (P ≤ 0.05–0.001). The width of the villi of enterocytes is reliably inversely related only to the content of proteins with a molecular weight of 155 kDa on the basolateral membrane (P ≤ 0.05).

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Roman, L., S. Sidashova, L. Korejba, et al. "Measuring of the heifers ovaries and probiotic defence of the mucous membranes." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 24, no. 108 (2022): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10810.

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The results of the influence of complex probiotic defence of the mucous membranes of the reproductive system and intestines on the development of the corpus luteum of the cycle in heifers have been presented. By the method of differential palpation diagnostics in vivo, it was reliably examined that in the experimental group after carrying out procedures for the normalization of mucous membranes with the multicomponent probiotic drug “Multibacterin Veterinary Ba + La”, the number of heifers with high-quality of corpus luteum the ovaries was 48.21% more, and the number of cases of premature luteolysis was 12.50 % less (P < 0.01). The level of pregnancy in heifers in the experiment was on average 60.38 %, in the control – 46.94 %, which confirmed the positive effect of the probiotic protection of the mucous membranes on increasing the embryo survival by optimizing the conditions for embryonic nutrition on the surface of the endometrium.

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Piludu, Marco, Sean A. Rayment, Bing Liu, et al. "Electron Microscopic Immunogold Localization of Salivary Mucins MG1 and MG2 in Human Submandibular and Sublingual Glands." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 1 (2003): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100109.

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The human salivary mucins MG1 and MG2 are well characterized biochemically and functionally. However, there is disagreement regarding their cellular and glandular sources. The aim of this study was to define the localization and distribution of these two mucins in human salivary glands using a postembedding immunogold labeling method. Normal salivary glands obtained at surgery were fixed in 3% paraformaldehyde-0.1% glutaraldehyde and embedded in Lowicryl K4M or LR Gold resin. Thin sections were labeled with rabbit antibodies to MG1 or to an N-terminal synthetic peptide of MG2, followed by gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG. The granules of all mucous cells of the submandibular and sublingual glands were intensely reactive with anti-MG1. No reaction was detected in serous cells. With anti-MG2, the granules of both mucous and serous cells showed reactivity. The labeling was variable in both cell types, with mucous cells exhibiting a stronger reaction in some glands and serous cells in others. In serous granules, the electron-lucent regions were more reactive than the dense cores. Intercalated duct cells near the acini displayed both MG1 and MG2 reactivity in their apical granules. In addition, the basal and lateral membranes of intercalated duct cells were labeled with anti-MG2. These results confirm those of earlier studies on MG1 localization in mucous cells and suggest that MG2 is produced by both mucous and serous cells. They also indicate differences in protein expression patterns among salivary serous cells.

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Omar, Alejandro Leal Avalos, Paola Morales Gloria Joanna, Rojas Cruz Gabriela, Daniel Flores Altamirano icardo, and Leticia Torres Martínez Laura. "Immunopathogenesis and Therapeutic Insights into Cicatricial Pemphigoid: A Comprehensive Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDIES ISSN 04, no. 04 (2024): 641–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10948440.

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Cicatricial Pemphigoid (CP), also known as mucous membrane pemphigoid, is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by subepithelial blistering and scarring of mucous membranes. The hallmark of CP is the formation of autoantibodies against structural proteins within the basement membrane zone, leading to an array of clinical manifestations affecting oral, ocular, and other mucosal surfaces. This review aims to elucidate the complex immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying CP, exploring the role of autoantigens such as BP180 and BP230, as well as the involvement of inflammatory mediators and immune cells. Additionally, the article provides a comprehensive overview of current diagnostic modalities and therapeutic approaches, ranging from systemic corticosteroids to novel immunomodulatory agents and biological therapies. The challenges in managing CP, including potential side effects of immunosuppressive treatments, are discussed alongside emerging strategies to enhance treatment efficacy and minimize adverse effects. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathways involved in CP pathogenesis is crucial for the development of targeted therapies, fostering improved patient outcomes and quality of life

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Rajenesh, Anjana, Sharang Gupta, and Dimple Chopra. "Multifaceted lichen planus: Vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome with coexisting cutaneous, nail, and hair manifestations in a singular clinical saga." Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS 45, no. 2 (2024): 131–33. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_113_23.

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Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the skin and mucous membranes, characterized by pruritic, violaceous papules often exhibiting a polygonal pattern. This dermatological disorder can affect various sites of the body, including the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes out of which the oral mucosa is the most commonly affected. We report a case of a 40-year-old female with a unique combination of cutaneous, nail, and mucosal LP manifestations coexisting with lichen planopilaris and vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mucous membranes'

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