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1
Lancina, Michael G. III. "Nanomedicine Drug Delivery across Mucous Membranes." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4979.
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NANOMEDECINE DRUG DELIVERY ACROSS MUCOUS MEMBRANES
By Michael G. Lancina III
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Virginia Commonwealth Univeristy, 2017.
Major Director: Dr. Hu Yang, Associate Professor, Chemical and Life Science Engineering
Control over the distribution of therapeutic compounds is a complex and somewhat overlooked field of pharmaceutical research. When swallowing a pill or receiving an injection, it is commonly assumed that drug will spread throughout the body in a more or less uniform concentration and find its way to wherever it is needed. In truth, drug biodistribuition is highly non-uniform and dependent on a large number of factors. The development of advanced drug delivery systems to control biodistribution can produce significant advances in clinical treatments without the need to discover new therapeutic compounds. This work focuses on a number of nanostructured materials designed to improve drug delivery by direct and efficient transfer of drugs across one of the body’s external mucous membranes.
Chapter 1 outlines the central concept that unites these studies: nanomaterials and cationic particles can be used to delivery therapeutic compounds across mucous membranes. Special attention is given to dendritic nanoparticles. In chapter 2, uses for dendrimers in ocular drug delivery are presented. The studies are divided into two main groups: topical and injectable formulations. Chapter 3 does not involve dendrimers but instead another cationic particle used in transmembrane drug delivery, chitosan. Next, a dendrimer based nanofiber mat was used to deliver anti-glaucoma drugs in chapter 4. A three week in vivo efficacy trial showed dendrimer nanofiber mats outperformed traditional eye drops in terms of intra-ocular pressure decrease in a normotensive rat model. Finally, we have developed a new dendrimer based anti-glaucoma drug in chapter 5. Collectively, these studies demonstrate some of the potential applications for nanotechnology to improve transmembrane drug delivery. These particles and fibers are able to readily adhere and penetrate across epithelial cell lays. Utilizing these materials to improve drug absorption through these portals has the potential to improve the clinical treatment of wide variety of diseases.
2
Van, Der Ven Peter F. "Signal propagation in a cell-free system : purinergic signaling among mucous secretory granules from the slug Ariolmax Columbianus /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6393.
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MEZZARANE, LILIAN A. "Proposta de protocolo clínico para utilização do laser de baixa potência em estomatite protética associada a candidose atrópica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11649.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
4
FREIRE, MARIA do R. S. "Estudo clinico dos efeitos do laser diodo em baixa intensidade de emissao infravermelha para casos de mucosite bucal." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11198.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo
5
GALLETTA, VIVIAN C. "Desenvolvimento de modelo de indução de mucosite oral por radiação em hamsters. Prevenção e tratamento por laser de baixa potência." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11646.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
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BICUDO, LETICIA L. "Utilizacao de LEDS na prevencao de mucosite oral em paciente com linfoma de Hodgkin classico - estudo de caso." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11199.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo
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LEITE, PAULA S. A. "Avaliação de dois métodos de análise da microcirculação gengival via fluxometria Laser Doppler." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11635.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo
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FRANCA, CYNTHIA M. "Avaliação in vivo dos efeitos preventivo e terapeutico do laser em baixa intensidade em mucosite bucal induzida por quimioterápico em hamsters." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11390.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Intituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo
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ORSI, MARIANE C. E. "Laserterapia e transplante de medula ossea alogenico: efeitos sobre a manutencao da integridade da mucosa oral." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9593.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
10
EDUARDO, FERNANDA de P. "Efeitos da radiacao laser em baixa intensidade de 650nm e 780nm na prevencao de mucosite oral em pacientes submetidos a transplante de medula ossea." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11011.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
11
CUNHA, CATHARINE B. "Avaliacao da eficacia do tratamento para mucosite oral induzida por cinco-fluoracil, com uso de laser de baixa potencia em diferentes comprimentos de onda." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9595.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
12
KLINGBEIL, MARIA F. G. "Comparação de dois métodos de obtenção celular para cultura primária de queratinócitos bucais humanos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11481.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Tyrer, Peter Charles, and n/a. "Targeting M-cells for oral vaccine delivery." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060427.122012.
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An in vitro model of the follicle-associated epithelia that overlie the Peyer's patches of the
small intestine was developed and validated to examine the mechanisms of mucosal antigen
sampling. This model displays many phenotypic and physiological characteristics of M cells
including apical expression of [alpha]5[beta]l integrin and enhanced energy dependent participate
transport. CD4+ T-cells were shown to be an important influence on the development of Mlike
cells.
The model was used to examine the M cell mediated uptake of several putative whole-cell
killed bacterial vaccines. Greater numbers of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae NTHi
289, NTHi 2019, Escherichia coli 075 HMN and Streptococcus pneumoniae were
transported by model M cells compared to control Caco-2 enterocyte-like cells. Studies in
isolated murine intestine segments confirmed the selective uptake of NTHi 289 and
Escherichia coli demonstrating that intestinal mucosal sampling of these antigens is
performed by M cells. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not absorbed as whole cell bacteria but
as soluble antigen, as indicated by the presence of bacterial DNA in the cytoplasm of
epithelial cells. These results suggest that bacteria such as NTHi and E. coli are sampled by
the mucosal immune system in a different manner to that of bacteria such as Pseudomonas.
A number of potential cell surface receptors were investigated to identify which molecules
are responsible for intestinal uptake whole-cell killed bacteria. Immunofluorescence studies
detected the presence of toll-like receptor-2, toll-like receptor-4, PAF-R and [alpha]5[beta]l integrin
on in vitro M-like cell cultures. Examinations of murine intestine confirmed the presence of
TLR-4 and PAF-R. TLR-4 was found in small quantities and on M cells. In contrast to the M
cell model, TLR-2 expression in the murine intestine was sparse.
Receptor inhibition experiments provided evidence for the involvement of TLR-4, PAF-R
and [alpha]5[beta]l integrin in M cell uptake of killed bacteria both in vitro and in vivo.
This thesis has contributed valuable information regarding the mechanisms of uptake of
whole-cell killed bacteria by the intestinal mucosal immune system. For the first time, M cell
sampling of whole-cell killed bacteria has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the receptors
involved in these processes have been identified. This information will be of great use in the
development and optimisation of new oral vaccines.
14
ALENCAR, ANELISE R. P. "Tratamento da mucosite oral radio e quimioinduzida: comparacao entre protocolo medicamentoso convencional e tratamentos com lasers em baixa intensidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2011. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9632.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
15
ANDRADE, MAIRA F. de. "Comparação dos efeitos da terapia laser de baixa intensidade (lambda=660 nm ou lambda=780 nm) no tratamento de mucosite oral induzida por radiação ionizante em ratos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11800.
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
16
GALISTEO, JUNIOR ANDRES J. "Toxoplasma gondii vs radiacao ionizante: imunidade humoral e celular em baço e intestino de camundongos isogênicos imunizados com taquizoítos irradiados por cobalto 60." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11722.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
17
Sanahuja, Piera Ignasi. "Caracterización funcional del mucus epidérmico en peces de interés productivo: Metodología no invasiva de identificación de moléculas biomarcadoras y relación con el estado fisiológico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666610.
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La acuicultura se ha convertido en una alternativa real y rentable a la pesca extractiva para proporcionar un alimento de un elevado valor nutritivo. Entre las especies de mayor relevancia en la producción acuícola marina del área Mediterránea, se encuentran la dorada (Sparus aurata), la lubina (Dicentrarchus labrax) y más recientemente la corvina (Argyrosomus regius). Si bien se han conseguido grandes adelantos en la mejora de la alimentación y el crecimiento, las metodologías más utilizadas de análisis para determinar su estado fisiológico son de carácter invasivo, ya sea por análisis sobre tejidos (lo que provoca la muerte del animal) o hematológicos (pueden provocar patologías adyacentes). Las superficies mucosas (en piel, branquias e intestino) de los peces teleósteos constituyen la primera línea de defensa contra la infección patógena además de participar en un amplio espectro de otros procesos fisiológicos muy importantes como la absorción de nutrientes, la osmoregulación, la respiración, la locomoción o la excreción de residuos. En la última década, el mucus epidérmico llegado a cautivar a muchos investigadores por su gran variedad de respuestas frente a diferentes condiciones y además, por tener un potencial muy importante para ser un método no invasivo de estudio del estado global del animal. Este trabajo se ha centrado en la característica no invasiva y potencial del mucus epidérmico. Por otro lado, tiene como objetivo principal obtener un conjunto completo de marcadores biológicos o biomarcadores (definidos en este trabajo como biomarcadores asociados al mucus de la piel o SMABs, por sus siglas en inglés “Skin Mucus Associated Biomarkers” del estado fisiológico en el mucus para poder establecer su relación con la respuesta a los cambios ambientales y nutricionales. Para ello, se propuso: caracterizar los componentes proteicos del mucus en dorada, estudiar la respuesta mediante diferentes agentes estresores, ya sean agudos o crónicos y caracterizar y comparar algunas de las propiedades defensivas del mucus entre las tres especies. Como resultado de todos estos objetivos, se han identificado una serie de posibles SMABs ordenados de la siguiente manera: 1) características físico-químicas, dónde se propone el estudio reológico del mucus como un posible informador de un estrés agudo; 2) metabolitos y hormonas, estudiando sus cambios en el mucus, sus niveles de exudación puede informar sobre respuestas agudas, como por ejemplo en los metabolitos como la glucosa, el lactato, la proteína o en la hormona cortisol; 3) enzimas con función defensiva no-específica, tanto proteasas como esterasas tienen un papel muy importante en el mucus, por ello se estudió el zimograma de la actividad proteasa y la familia de las carboxilesterasas, como posibles marcadores biológicos frente a un estrés crónico; y 4) otras moléculas principalmente de estrés crónico, como: la actina y sobretodo sus isoformas, importantes informadoras sobre la secreción del mucus; diferentes fragmentos de queratina, propuestos como péptidos antimicrobianos; moléculas relacionadas con el metabolismo de la glucosa, que pueden informar sobre el estado metabólico interno de los animales; moléculas relacionadas con el metabolismo proteico, importantes para determinar la estructura del mucus o activadoras de varios componentes; y finalmente moléculas con un carácter protector como las transferrinas o diferentes chaperonas. Con todo ello, finalmente se determinó también la actividad bactericida del mucus epidérmico como indicativo del potencial real defensivo contra posibles infecciones. En las conclusiones del trabajo se explican los beneficios de estudiar las propiedades y componentes del mucus de la piel como indicativos del estado del animal y de manera no invasiva, indicando qué componentes pueden ser más interesantes de analizar de manera rápida y qué componentes responden a desafíos agudos o crónicos.Aquaculture has become a real and profitable alternative to extractive fishing, providing food with high nutritional value. In this work, we select three marine species with a great interest in Mediterranean aquaculture: gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and meagre (Argyrosomus regius), with the purpose to evaluate the health and welfare status of the animals through non-invasive methods, selecting putative biomarkers. Our aim was to use skin mucus as it plays an important role in innate defense, but also in other physiological processes such as osmoregulation, respiration, locomotion or waste excretion. For that, fish were subjected to different stress factors (acute and chronic), and different techniques were used to reveal a wide range of biomarkers, also described in the present study as Skin Mucus Associated Biomarkers, SMABs. As result, we propose the following biological markers: 1) related to rheology, mucus viscosity was selected as acute stress indicator; 2) related to metabolism response, metabolites such as glucose, lactate or protein, together with exuded cortisol, its mucus levels could report on acute responses like hypoxia or netting, and chronic stressors like fasting periods in sea bream; 3) related to enzymatic activities, several protease types could be good biomarkers of fish defense status or mucus removal, mainly the metalloprotease activity detected at chronic low temperatures, or esterases subfamily of carboxylesterase, within which we detected at least three different activities in fish mucus, all of them related to detoxifying capacity to different toxics; 4) related to different soluble mucus proteins by proteasome studies, like some structural β-actin or keratin isoforms (KDAMPs), some metabolic proteins related to glucose and protein metabolism, or protective proteins with different functions like transferrin or Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs). Finally, we also determined the bactericidal activity of the epidermal mucus as an indication of the real defensive potential against possible infections. In the conclusions section, we explain the benefits of studying the properties and components of the skin mucus as indicative of the animal state non-invasively, indicating which components can be more interesting to analyze quickly and which components would better respond to acute challenges or chronic conditions.
18
Santos, Carolina Rocio Oliveira. "Uso da anfotericina B lipossomal e de outras drogas no tratamento de pacientes com leishmaniose mucosa: análise da experiência em um serviço de referência para o diagnóstico e tratamento das leishmanioses, 2000-2015." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-26102018-143556/.
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Introdução: As leishmanioses são antropozoonoses que constituem um grave problema de saúde pública por apresentarem um complexo espectro clínico de manifestações e relevante diversidade epidemiológica. Aproximadamente 5% dos pacientes com leishmaniose cutânea não tratada adequadamente irão desenvolver a leishmaniose mucosa (LM). As principais opções terapêuticas disponíveis para esta apresentação da doença são os antimoniais pentavalentes, a pentamidina e as anfotericinas B. As formulações lipídicas da anfotericina B tem sido desenvolvidas na tentativa de melhorar a eficácia e a tolerabilidade das anfotericinas, entretanto, ainda há escassez de estudos que avaliem eficácia, dose e segurança da anfotericina B lipossomal (AFBL) no tratamento da LM. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência do ambulatório e da enfermaria de um hospital escola com medicamentos usados no tratamento da leishmaniose mucosa, comparando a eficácia e a segurança da anfotericina B lipossomal com as outras drogas. Métodos: Foram avaliados os prontuários de todos os pacientes do Ambulatório de Leishmanioses do Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias do HC-FMUSP com diagnóstico confirmado de LM e tratados no período de janeiro de 2000 a julho de 2015. Dados clínicos e epidemiológicos foram descritos, e também avaliados os efeitos adversos e os desfechos com o uso das principais drogas para LM. Resultados: Foram avaliados 71 pacientes com leishmaniose mucosa e um total de 106 tratamentos. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (60,6%) e da Região Nordeste do Brasil (50%). Observou-se associação de flebite (46,2%) e de tremor (30,8%) com o grupo que recebeu anfotericina B complexo lipídico e maior desenvolvimento de artralgia (16%) no grupo que recebeu o antimonial. Os pacientes tratados com anfotericina B desoxicolato apresentaram a maior taxa de insuficiência renal aguda (57,10%) em relação aos demais grupos de drogas. O grupo que usou antimonial pentavalente foi o único que desenvolveu alterações nas enzimas pancreáticas (28%) e alterações eletrocardiográficas (20%). Dos pacientes que usaram anfotericina B desoxicolato, 85,7% precisaram interromper definitivamente o tratamento, o que contribuiu para a pior taxa de cicatrização final (14,3%), enquanto a AFBL apresentou a melhor taxa (81,3%) quando comparada aos demais tratamentos, OR= 4,971 [1,829-13,508] (p= 0,001). O uso de itraconazol mostrou alta taxa de recidiva (63,6%). A dose média de AFBL usada no tratamento de LM foi 1907mg e 28,91mg/kg. Quando comparadas as drogas com a AFBL, a pentamidina foi a única que não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante em relação aos desfechos de tratamento. Conclusão: A pentamidina e a AFBL mostraram-se, neste estudo, as melhores opções terapêuticas no tratamento da LM, sendo que a AFBL foi a droga com a maior taxa de cicatrização. Com base neste estudo e em outras experiências da literatura até o momento, o intervalo de dose compreendido entre 30 e 35 mg/kg é o que parece alcançar eficácia próxima a 100%. Sugerimos, portanto, uma dose cumulativa de 30 mg/kg para o tratamento da LM. Este estudo amplia a experiência com o uso do itraconazol e da pentamidina, e é o primeiro a descrever o uso da ABCL na LM. Apresenta, ainda, a maior casuística que conhecemos na literatura com o uso da AFBL, além de ser o primeiro estudo a compará-la com as demais drogas no tratamento da LMCROIntroduction: Leishmaniases are anthropozoonoses that constitute a severe problem of public health as they present with a complex spectrum of manifestations and relevant epidemiologic diversity. Approximately 5% of patients with untreated cutaneous leishmaniosis will develop mucosal leishmaniasis (ML). The main treatment options for this presentation are: pentavalent antimonials, pentamidine, and amphotericins B. The lipid formulations of amphotericin B have been developed to improve efficacy and tolerability, however, there are few studies that evaluate efficacy, dosage, and safety of liposomal amphotericin B (LAB) for treatment of ML. Objective: To report outpatient and inpatient experience of a hospital school with medications used for treatment of mucosal leishmaniasis by comparing the efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B with other drugs. Methodology: The medical records of all patients of the Leishmaniasis Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of the Hospital das Clínicas of University of São Paulo were assessed. The patients had diagnosis of ML and were treated between January 2000 and July 2015. Epidemiologic and clinical data were described, as well as adverse effects and outcomes of the main drugs for treatment of ML. Results: Seventy-one patients with ML and a total of 106 treatments were assessed. The majority of the patients were male (60.6%) and from the Northeast of Brazil (50%). There was an association of phlebitis (46.2%) and tremor (30.8%) to the group that received amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC). There was a higher development of arthralgia (16%) in the group that received the antimonial. Patients treated with deoxycholate amphotericin B presented with the highest level of acute kidney injury (57.1%) when compared to other drugs. The group who received pentavalent antimonial was the only one to develop pancreatic enzymes abnormalities (28%) and electrocardiographic abnormalities (20%). Within the patients who used deoxycholate amphotericin B, 85.7% had to discontinue the treatment, contributing to the worst healing rate (14.3%). LAB presented with the best healing rate (81.3%) when compared to the other treatments, OR = 4.971 [1,829-13,508] (p=0,001). The use of itraconazole showed high recurrence rate (63.6%). The mean dosage of LAB for the treatment of ML was 1,907 mg and 28.91 mg/kg. When LAB was compared to other drugs, pentamidine was the only one with no statistical significance related to the outcomes of the treatment. Conclusion: In this study, pentamidine and LAB were the best therapeutic options for the treatment of ML; LAB was the drug with better healing rate. Based on this study and other references in the literature, the dosage interval between 30 and 35 mg/kg appears to reach efficacy close to 100%. Therefore, our recommendation is the use of a cumulative dosage of 30 mg/kg for the treatment of ML. This study enhances the experience of itraconazole and pentamidine, and it is the first one to describe the use of ABLC for the treatment of ML. In addition, it presents the largest casuistic known in the literature with the use of LAB, and it is a pioneer in comparing this drug with other drugs in the treatment of ML
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Sakae, Flavio Akira. "Distribuição das fibras colágenas e do sistema de fibras elásticas na camada superficial da lâmina própria da prega vocal com edema de Reinke." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-31102008-173147/.
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A fisiopatologia do edema de Reinke ainda permanece desconhecida e poucos estudos abordam sobre as alterações das proteínas fibrosas, colágeno e elastina, na matriz extracelular da prega vocal com edema de Reinke. Por isso, este estudo foi idealizado para descrever a distribuição das fibras colágenas e do sistema de fibras elásticas do espaço de Reinke com edema de Reinke comparando com a prega vocal normal e com a severidade do edema. Foram obtidas 20 amostras de pregas vocais de indivíduos com edema de Reinke, sendo nove casos com edema de Reinke grau II e 11 casos grau III. Dezessete indivíduos eram do sexo feminino e três do sexo masculino, com idade variando de 47 a 62 anos (55 ± 4,4 anos). Quinze pacientes eram tabagistas e cinco ex-tabagistas, média e desvio padrão de 22 ± 10,7 maço/ano. O tempo de disfonia apresentou média e desvio padrão de 36 ± 16,6 meses. Dez pregas vocais normais de laringes humanas excisadas foram utilizadas como controles. Os métodos da Picrossírius-polarização e da Resorcina-fucsina de Weigert com oxidação prévia pelo oxone 10% foram empregados para visualização das fibras colágenas e do sistema de fibras elásticas, respectivamente. Uma avaliação semiquantitativa foi utilizada para categorizar os resultados histológicos que foram correlacionados com a idade, consumo de cigarro, tempo de disfonia e com a severidade do edema. Evidenciou-se que o arranjo entrelaçado das fibras colágenas semelhante a uma cesta de vime observado em pregas vocais normais estava desestruturado no edema de Reinke. A desestruturação foi caracterizada por um afastamento das fibras, fragmentação, formando áreas esparsas e tomadas por um estroma mixóide de quantidade variável. Todos os casos de edema de Reinke mostraram uma maior preservação do arranjo das fibras colágenas próximo ao epitélio da prega comparada com as fibras da camada mais profunda do espaço de Reinke. O arranjo do sistema de fibras elásticas formado por fibras finas e onduladas paralelas à membrana basal do epitélio e uma rede de fibras mais finas, logo abaixo da membrana basal do epitélio observado em pregas vocais normais estava desestruturado no edema de Reinke. Na avaliação semiquantitativa observou-se que moderada e intensa desestruturação ocorreram em 90% dos casos com relação às fibras colágenas e em todos os casos para o sistema de fibras elásticas. Houve uma correlação estatisticamente significante entre a idade e o grau de desestruturação das fibras colágenas (r=0,47, p=0,037). Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os edemas grau II e III quanto à desestruturação das fibras colágenas (p=0,007) e quanto à idade (p=0,036). Observamos com este estudo que as alterações nas proteínas fibrosas presentes no edema de Reinke podem contribuir com a deformidade da prega vocalThe physiopathological mechanisms underlying Reinkes edema are still unknown and few studies addressed alterations in the fibrillar proteins, collagen and elastin, in extracellular matrix with Reinkes edema. This study was idealized to describe the distribution of collagen fibers and elastic system fibers in Reinkes space with Reinkes edema, comparing with normal vocal fold and with the severity of Reinkes edema. Twenty surgical vocal fold specimens were obtained from patients with Reinkes edema, nine cases presented grade II severity and 11 cases grade III. Seventeen subjects were females and three were males, ranging in age from 47 to 62 years (mean±SD 55 ± 4.4 years). Fifteen patients were smokers and five ex-smokers, mean±SD of 22 ± 10.7 pack-years. The duration of dysphonia ranged from 6 to 60 months (mean of 36 ± 16.6 months). Ten vocal folds from human larynges of nonsmokers cadavers were used as normal controls. The Picrosirius polarization method and the Weigerts resorcin-fuchsin stain after oxidation with 10% aqueous oxone were used for visualization of collagen fibers and the elastic system fibers, respectively. Findings were categorized semiquantitatively and correlated with age, cigarette smoking, duration of dysphonia and Reinkes edema severity. The intertwined network of collagen fibers resembling a wicker-basket found in normal vocal folds was disarranged in Reinkes edema. Disarrangement of collagen fibers was characterized by loosely arranged and fragmented fibers intermixed with varying amounts of myxoid stroma. All cases showed a better preservation of collagen fibers arrangement closer to the epithelium compared to fibers of the deeper of the Reinkes space. The elastic system fibers arrangement formed by a delicate network of thin and undulated fibers arranged in parallel to the epithelial basement membrane and a network of thinner fibers immediately below the basement membrane was disarranged. The semiquantitatively analysis showed that moderate and large areas of disarrangement of collagen fibers were found in 90% of cases and in all cases for elastic fibers. Age was significantly correlated with collagen fiber disarrangement (r=0.47, p=0.037). There was a statistical difference in collagen disarrangement (p = 0,007) and age (p=0,036) between grade II and grade III severity. In our study, the alterations in the fibrillar proteins observed in Reinkes edema may contribute to the vocal fold deformity
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Yip, Aaron. "Effects of Angelica sinensis extract on mucus synthesis and cell proliferation of the stomach." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22227234.
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Sajadi, Tabassi Sayyed Abolghasem. "Some effects of mercaptans on membranes and mucus." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243647.
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See, Sarah Bihui. "Outer membrane protein immunity to Pasteurella pneumotropica and the interaction of allergy." University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0103.
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[Truncated abstract] Infectious and allergic diseases of the respiratory tract are major contributors to global mortality, morbidity and economic burden. Bacterial infections such as pneumonia and otitis media are important diseases, especially in children, while allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis afflict up to 30% of the world's population. A confounding aspect of respiratory disease is the evidence of a complex relationship between respiratory allergy and respiratory infection, with infection suggested to both promote and prevent the pathogenesis of allergic disease. Additionally, allergy is a risk factor for bacterial infection such as otitis media, pneumonia and sinusitis, while respiratory infection can exacerbate allergic symptoms. Given the burden of bacterial respiratory disease and respiratory allergy, the development of preventative treatments for these diseases is needed and will benefit from clearer knowledge of the underlying immune mechanisms. This thesis aimed to to extend current knowledge by using Pasteurella pneumotropica, a similar bacteria to the human pathogen nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), to study respiratory infection and protective anti-outer membrane protein (OMP) immunity as well as the interaction of respiratory infection and allergic inflammation. Homologues of the important NTHi vaccine candidates P4, P6, P26 and D15 were found to be encoded by P. pneumotropica and a high level of amino acid sequence identity was noted between the different P. pneumotropica strains, as well as between other Pasteurellaceae members. ... In contrast, anti-P6his serum antibodies transferred to naïve mice did not confer protection. These results suggested that T-cellmediated mechanisms were involved in P6his-mediated protection, and showed that the P. pneumotropcia model was useful for elucidating protective mechansims. The interaction of P. pneumotropica infection and papain-induced allergy was studied to investigate immune mechanisms underlying respiratory infection and allergy. Mice with ongoing allergic inflammation were intranasally challenged with bacteria and exhibited reduced pulmonary bacterial numbers, prolonged eosinophilia in the lungs and the induction of Th2 cytokines in the BALF, compared to nonallergic, infected mice. This suggested a protective role for allergic inflammation in this model. The effect of papaininduced inflammation on mice colonised by P. pneumotropica was also examined and allergic inflammation appeared to worsen infection in colonised mice. This suggested that allergic inflammation may also have a role in promoting infection in this model. In conclusion, this thesis explored mechanisms involved in vaccine-mediated immunity and the interaction of respiratory infection and allergy using a P. pneumotropica infection in its natural host. It was shown that intranasally administered recombinant P6 and P4 protected mice from lung infection, which justifies the inclusion of these OMPs as NTHi vaccine candidates. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the interaction of allergy and respiratory infection modulated immune responses. Overall, these results emphasize that a clearer understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying these interactions is required, and may be aided by the development of suitable animal models.
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El-Hariri, Linda Mary. "Some effects of biliary constituents on membranes and mucus." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277703.
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Law, Yuet Ching. "Specific compartmentalization of Immunoglobulin A antibody secreting cells in mouse salivary glands via the differential expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2678.pdf.
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Hirbod, Taha. "Mucosal immune responses in HIV-1 exposed uninfected individuals /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-928-9/.
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葉衍葳 and Aaron Yip. "Effects of Angelica sinensis extract on mucus synthesis and cell proliferation of the stomach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31969884.
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Abdelhamid, Ibrahim Younouss, and О. Г. Аврунін. "CT-signs of nasal cavity of different race for dynamic model of the air flow." Thesis, Харків: ХНУРЕ, 2017. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/10598.
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Saw, V. P. J. "The role of inflammation and fibroblasts in conjunctival scarring in ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18576/.
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Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (ocular MMP) is a visually devastating disease where up to 30% of patients become blind due to the consequences of conjunctival inflammation and aggressive fibrosis. Standard systemic immunosuppression controls inflammation, but is limited by toxicity. How well immunosuppressive therapy prevents fibrosis is unknown. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to excessive conjunctival fibrosis in ocular MMP are incompletely understood. Chronic inflammation and repair play an important role, but the conjunctival fibroblasts may also be autonomously activated. This thesis aimed to investigate potential mechanisms involved in conjunctival fibrosis in ocular MMP, for the purpose of proposing future anti-fibrotic therapies, to be used in conjunction with systemic immunosuppression. A retrospective review established that whilst conjunctival inflammation appeared to be controlled in 70% of patients, fibrosis progressed in 53%. A pilot randomised trial of adjunctive pulse intravenous methylprednisolone in patients with severe ocular MMP commencing both oral cyclophosphamide and oral corticosteroids did not reduce the time to control of inflammation, which had been hypothesised to prevent the progression of scarring. Both tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and the T cell-derived fibrogenic cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) were expressed in active ocular MMP. Although this expression was reduced after treatment in clinically uninflamed ocular MMP, it was still significantly elevated compared to normal conjunctiva. Both TNFα and IL-13 stimulated migration and altered matrix metalloproteinase expression by normal conjunctival fibroblasts. IL-13 also stimulated collagen contraction. Both TNFα and IL-13 upregulated surface expression of costimulatory molecules by conjunctival fibroblasts, which suggests facilitation of a potential mechanism for fibroblast-T cell cross talk. Finally, pemphigoid conjunctival fibroblasts showed an altered phenotype compared to normal conjunctival fibroblasts, with increased cell division, migration, collagen contraction, type I collagen secretion, and secretion of eotaxin and matrix metalloproteinase-3. This thesis increases our understanding of the mechanisms involved in conjunctival fibrosis in ocular MMP, and provides new avenues for investigation of potential adjuvant therapies which could improve the prognosis in this poorly understood disease.
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Viljoen, Ianda. "The role of surfactant in, and a comparison of, the permeability of porcine and human epithelia to various chemical compounds." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1287.
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岑海音 and Hoi-yum Irma Shum. "Interactions of pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins with respiratory mucosa in vitro." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244725.
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Pinto, Giuliane Jesus Lajos. "Colonização endocervical em gestantes com trabalho de parto prematuro e/ou ruptura prematura de membranas." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313483.
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Orientador: Renato Passini JuniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivo: estudar a colonização bacteriana endocervical em gestantes com trabalho de parto prematuro e/ou ruptura prematura de membranas (termo e pré-termo). Método: 212 gestantes com trabalho de parto prematuro (TPP) e/ou ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM), internadas no Hospital Estadual Sumaré (Unicamp), foram avaliadas no período de julho de 2002 a janeiro de 2004. Na admissão hospitalar foram coletadas duas amostras do conteúdo endocervical, realizadas bacterioscopia e cultura em meios ágar-sangue ou ágar-chocolate. Foram analisadas associações da colonização endocervical com infecção de trato urinário materno, corioamnionite, uso de antibióticos, dados de parto, sofrimento fetal, prematuridade, infecção e óbito neonatais. Resultados: entre as mulheres estudadas, 74 (35%) tinham TPP e 138 (65%), RPM. A prevalência de colonização endocervical foi de 14,2% (IC=9,5%-18,9%), com resultados similares em TPP e RPM. Na população estudada, o microorganismo mais encontrado foi o estreptococo do grupo B (EGB) (9,4%), sendo também isolados Candida sp (5 casos), Streptococcus sp (2 casos), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli e Enterococcus sp (1 caso de cada). Das bacterioscopias analisadas, os achados mais freqüentes foram baixa prevalência de bacilos de Dodërlein e elevado número de leucócitos. Em mulheres colonizadas houve maior prevalência de infecção de trato urinário (23,8% versus 5,4%; p<0,01), infecção neonatal (25,0% versus 7,3%; p<0,01) e óbito neonatal (dois casos entre as colonizadas; p<0,02), quando comparadas às não-colonizadas. Conclusões: observou-se alta prevalência de colonização endocervical, sem a utilização de meios de cultura seletivos. O EGB foi o principal microorganismo isolado, reforçando a necessidade de triagem deste agente durante a gestação e nas situações de risco estudadas. Um terço das culturas positivas ocorreram por outros agentes. Estudos complementares são necessários para esclarecer a importância destes achados bacteriológicos no canal endocervical e sua associação com complicações gestacionais, sepse e mortalidade neonatais
Abstract: Objective: to study cervical colonization in women with preterm labor and/or premature rupture of membranes. Method: 212 pregnant women with preterm labor and/or premature rupture of membranes (PROM), admitted at Hospital Estadual Sumaré, during the period between July 2002 and January 2004, were studied. Two cervical samples from each woman were collected and bacterioscopy and culture in blood-agar or chocolate-agar plates were performed. Association of cervical microorganisms and urinary infection, chorioamnionitis, antibiotics use, prematurity, neonatal infection and neonatal death were evaluated. Results: the population evaluated consisted of 74 women with preterm labor (35%) and 138 women with PROM (preterm and term). The prevalence of cervical colonization was 14.2% (CI=9.5-18.9%), with similar results in preterm labor or PROM. Group B streptococcus was the most prevalent organism in this population (9.4%). Other organisms isolated were Candida sp, Streptococcus sp, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. The most common findings of bacterioscopy were a reduced number of lactobacilli and a great number of leukocytes. Endocervical colonization was associated with a higher occurrence of urinary tract infection (23.8% versus 5.4%; p<0.01), early-onset of neonatal infection (25.0% versus 7.3%; p<0.01) and neonatal mortality (2 cases in colonizated women; p<0.02) when compared with a negative culture of endocervical mucus. Conclusions: this study showed high prevalence of endocervical colonization despite of the use of a nonselective culture media. The main microorganism isolated was Group B streptococcus but other organisms were present in one third of studied population. More studies are needed to evaluate the influence of endocervical colonization in obstetrical outcome and in neonatal sepsis and mortality
Mestrado
Tocoginecologia
Mestre em Tocoginecologia
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Salgado, Daniel Cauduro. "Distribuição de colágeno na concha nasal inferior de pacientes com rinite alérgica ou idiopática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-12012015-104722/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Embora seja reconhecida a existência do espessamento da membrana basal e da fibrose da concha nasal na rinite alérgica, não há estudos descritivos do comportamento da mucosa nasal nos pacientes com rinite idiopática. O propósito desse estudo é descrever possíveis alterações na membrana basal e na lâmina própria da concha nasal inferior em pacientes com rinite alérgica ou idiopática, além do estudo quantitativo das fibras colágenas nesta localização. MÉTODOS: Analisou-se na concha nasal inferior obtida através de turbinectomia bilateral em 28 pacientes - 14 com rinite alérgica e 14 com rinite idiopática - a área ocupada pelo colágeno, a espessura da membrana basal e o diâmetro das fibrilas de colágeno através do uso de microscopia óptica (coloração Hematoxilina-eosina e Picrossírius-hematoxilina), microscopia eletrônica e imunoistoquímica para laminina e colágeno IV. RESULTADOS: 1) pacientes com rinite alérgica apresentaram significantemente maior área da concha nasal ocupada por colágeno do que o grupo com rinite idiopática. 2) a membrana basal de pacientes com rinite alérgica foi significantemente mais espessa. 3) a lâmina reticular da membrana basal dos pacientes com rinite alérgica apresentaram fibrilas de colágeno com menor diâmetro que os pacientes com rinite idiopática. 4) não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos na distribuição de laminina e de colágeno IV. CONCLUSÕES: Alterações na mucosa nasal ocorrem na rinite alérgica, sendo caracterizadas pelo aumento da espessura da membrana basal e por fibrose. Na rinite idiopática, observou-se uma mucosa com aspecto estrutural semelhante aos pacientes normaisINTRODUCTION: Despite our knowledge about nasal conchae fibrosis and basement membrane thickening in allergic rhinitis, there are no descriptive studies on nasal mucosa behavior in patients with idiopathic rhinitis. The aim of our study was to describe possible changes in the basement membrane and lamina propria of the inferior concha in patients with idiopathic or allergic rhinitis, in addition to a quantitative study of collagen fibers in this site. METHODS: The inferior nasal concha obtained from 28 patients submitted to bilateral turbinectomy was examined - 14 with allergic rhinitis and 14 with idiopathic rhinitis; analyzing the collagen area, the basement membrane thickness and the collagen fibrils diameter using optical microscopy (Hematoxylin-eosin and Picrosirius-hematoxylin staining), electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry for laminin and collagen IV. RESULTS: 1) patients with allergic rhinitis had a significantly larger area of the nasal concha occupied by collagen than the group with idiopathic rhinitis. 2) the basement membrane of patients with allergic rhinitis was significantly thicker. 3) the reticular lamina of the basement membrane of patients with allergic rhinitis had collagen fibrils with diameters which were smaller than those from patients with idiopathic rhinitis. 4) there were no significant differences between the groups concerning the distribution of laminin and collagen IV. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations to the nasal mucosa that happen in allergic rhinitis are characterized by basement membrane thickening and fibrosis. In idiopathic rhinitis the patients\' mucosae were structurally similar to those from normal patients
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Fernández, Campos Francisco. "Nanoemulsiones de nistatina para el tratamiento de candidiasis muco-cutáneas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83638.
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Se han desarrollado y optimizado dos nanoemulsiones que contienen Nistatina (N1 y N2) para su aplicación en piel y mucosa oral, respectivamente. Estas formulaciones tuvieron un tamaño de gota nanométrico y resultaron ser estables a lo largo del tiempo. Adicionalmente se determinó el comportamiento reológico de ambos sistemas resultando ser fluidos newtonianos.
Se evaluó la actividad antifúngica in vitro, observado que la potencia de la nistatina aumentó al ser introducida en las nanoemulsiones, cuando se comparaba con la nistatina libre.
El mecanismo de liberación de la nistatina de las nanoemulsiones siguió una cinética de orden uno para ambas formulaciones.
Trás el ensayo de permeación ex vivo en piel humana con la nanoemulsion N1 se observó que la cantidad de fármaco permeada fue muy baja, pudiendo descartarse la posible aparición de efectos adversos a nivel sistémico. De la misma manera se realizó el ensayo de permeación ex vivo en mucosa oral porcina para la formulación N2 llegando a la misma conclusión que en el caso de la permeación en piel.
En ambos casos la cantidad de fármaco retenido en el tejido (tanto en piel o mucosa) es suficiente para observar un efecto fungistático, fungicida y un prolongado efecto post-antifungico (PAFE).
Con el fin de determinar el efecto de la nanoemulsion N2 sobre la mucosa oral se visualizó la ultra-estructura del tejido y no observándose variaciones significativas cuando se comparaban con el control (mucosa no tratada con la nanoemulsion).
Las nanoemulsiones N1 y N2 son formulaciones prometedoras para el potencial tratamiento clínico de candidiasis muco-cutáneas.Muco-cutaneous candidosis is a common opportunistic infection must be treated to prevent other tissue invasion. Nystatin is one of the most prescribed drugs to treat this pathology, but due to its physicochemical properties its pharmaceutical-technological requirements make it a challenge. The purpose of this work was the development and characterization of an optimal nystatin delivery system for the potential treatment of oral candidosis avoiding undesirable side effects and toxicity of potential systemic absorption. Two nanoemulsion (N1 and N2) was developed, evaluated and characterized. It has been formulated successfully as a stable nanoemulsion with a droplet size of 75 and 138 nm, respectively. First order release parameters were estimated using different mathematical approaches and ex vivo permeation of nystatin through human skin and porcine buccal mucosa were found no systemic effects would happen. Microbiologic studies performed revealed an enhanced antifungal effect of the nystatin loaded nanoemulsion. Also the evaluation of buccal mucosa ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy methodology showing a harmless effect in the mucosa microstructure. We can infer that the selected nystatin nanoemulsion could be potentially used on candidosis infection under mucositis conditions.
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Matos, Ricardo Tedeschi. ""Avaliação do espaço intercelular dilatado da mucosa esofágica antes e após infunsão de ácido clorídrico: marcador da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE)"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5147/tde-14092006-153912/.
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O objetivo foi evidenciar a presença do espaço intercelular dilatado do epitélio esofágico após a infusão de ácido clorídrico (HCl) à 0,1N comparando com a infusão de soro fisiológico (SF) em pacientes sem sintomas típicos da DRGE com mucosa esofágica normal e compará-los com os de sintomas típicos e esofagite erosiva. Foram entrevistados e realizaram o exame de endoscopia digestiva alta 60 pacientes destes, 29 foram incluídos no estudo sendo 18 com esôfago normal (9 foram infundidos SF e 9 HCl) e 11 com esofagite erosiva (6 foram infundidos SF e 5 HCl) e foram realizados 4 biópsias da mucosa esofágica (2 antes e 2 depois das infusões). Não foi encontrado diferença estatisticamente significante no espaço intercelular da mucosa esofágica dos pacientes com e sem esofagite erosiva com ácido clorídrico ou soro fisiológico não sendo um marcador da DRGEThe purpose was to prove the presence of extended intercellular space of the esophagic epithelium after chloridric acid infusion (HCI) to 0,1N comparing to the physiologic serum infusion (PS) in patients without typical symptoms of DGER with normal esophagic mucous membrane and compare them to ones with typical symptoms and erosive esophagitis. 60 patients were interviewed and took the high digestive endoscopy; 29 were included in the research, among them 18 with normal esophagus (9 were infused PS, and 9 HCI) and 11 with erosive esophagitis (6 were infused PS and 5 HCI); 4 biopsies of esophagic mucous membrane were made (2 before and 2 after infusions). It was not found any statistically meaningful difference in intercellular space of esophagic mucous membrane in patients with or without erosive esophagitis with chloridric acid or physiologic serum, and thus it is not a DGER
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Divekar, Rohit Dilip Zaghouani Habib. "Two aspects of peripheral immune tolerance systemic and mucosal tolerance mechanisms /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6868.
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The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on April 1, 2010). Vita. Thesis advisor: Habib Zaghouani. "May 2008" Includes bibliographical references.
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Roos, Stefan. "Adhesion and autoaggregation of Lactobacillus reuteri and description of a new lactobacillus species with mucus binding properties /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5457-3.pdf.
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Hu, Ke-Fei. "ISCOMs as delivery systems for mucosal immunization /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5417-4.pdf.
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Johannesson, Ulrika. "Combined oral contraceptives - impact on the vulvar vestibular mucosa and pain mechanisms /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-279-8/.
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Santos, Amilton Cesar dos. "Expressão das enzimas: citocromo P450 aromatase, NADPH-citocromo P450 redutase e citocromo P450c17 (17-α-hidroxilase/17, 20-liase) na vagina de fêmeas de preás (Galea spixii, Wagler, 1831)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-24092013-161549/.
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Para a metabolização de hormônios esteroides sexuais é essencial a participação de enzimas esteroidogênicas. A enzima citocromo P450c17 é responsável pela produção de andrógenos e a enzima citocromo P450 aromatase é responsável pela produção de estrógenos, sendo que, ambas as enzimas necessitam formar um complexo com uma enzima parceira, denominada NADPH citocromo P450 redutase, para realizar a metabolização destes hormônios essenciais para a diferenciação sexual. Objetivou-se imunolocalisar as três enzimas acima citadas no tecido vaginal de fêmeas de roedores Galea spixii. Para tanto, o experimento foi desenvolvido utilizando técnicas de citologia esfoliativa vaginal para definição das fases do ciclo estral, técnicas de microscopia de Luz, Eletrônica de Varredura e testes de imunohistoquímica para detecção das enzimas: citocromo P450c17, citocromo P450 aromatase, e NADPH citocromo P450 redutase. Constatou-se no presente estudo que o ciclo estral das fêmeas de preás silvestres do semiárido apresenta ciclo estral com duração de 15,85 ± 1,4 dias, com a formação e ruptura da membrana de oclusão vaginal durante cada ciclo estral. A vagina apresenta um clitóris hipertrofiado com o óstio uretral que se abre no topo do mesmo, e ausência de um vestíbulo vaginal. O epitélio da mucosa vaginal sofre modificações proliferativas, se espessando e se adelgando de acordo com a respectiva fase do ciclo estral. As enzimas citocromo P450 aromatase e NADPH redutase estão imunolocalizadas durante todo o ciclo estral no epitélio e tecido conjuntivo da vagina de Galea spixii. Por outro lado, a enzima P450c17 está imunolocalizada no epitélio vaginal durante todas as fases do ciclo estral, porém não está presente no estro. Com estes dados pode-se sugerir que ocorre uma metabolização local de hormônios estrógenos e andrógenos no tecido vaginal o que podem estar relacionado com a proliferação celular, variação na vascularização e inervação e ruptura da membrana de oclusão vaginal.To the metabolism of sex steroid hormones is essential the participation of esteroidogenic enzymes. The enzyme cytochrome P450c17 is responsible for androgen production; and the enzyme aromatase cytochrome P450 is responsible for estrogen production, however, both enzymes require forming a complex with an enzyme partner called NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase to perform the metabolism of these hormones, which are essential for sexual differentiation. This study aimed to immunolocalization of the three enzymes above mentioned in the vaginal tissue from female rodents Galea spixii. Therefore, the experiment was carried out using vaginal cytology techniques for definition of the estrous cycle phases, techniques for light microscopy, scanning electron and immunohistochemical tests for the detection of enzymes: cytochrome P450c17, cytochrome P450 aromatase, and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase. It was found that the estrus cycle of Galea spixii female lasts 15.85 ± 1.4 days, with the formation and rupture of vaginal closure membrane during each oestrous cycle. The vagina has a hypertrophied clitoris with the urethral orifice that opens on top of it, and it is observed the absence of a vaginal vestibule. The vaginal mucosal epithelium undergoes proliferative changes, with thickening and thinning according to the respective estrous cycle phase. The enzymes cytochrome P450 aromatase and NADPH reductase are immunolocated throughout the oestrous cycle in the epithelium and connective tissue of the vagina from Galea spixii. On the other hand, the enzyme cytochrome P450c17 is immune located in the vaginal epithelium during all stages of the estrous cycle, except at estrous. With these data may be suggested that there is a local estrogens and androgens metabolism in vaginal tissue which may be associated with cell proliferation, vascularization and innervation variation besides the formation and rupture of the vaginal closure membrane.
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Palmai-Pallag, Timea. "Proteolytic cleavage sites in MUC1,MUC3,MUC4 and MUC12 membrane-tethered mucins." Thesis, Open University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489903.
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The membrane-tethered mucins, which are expressed by various cell types, have different forms: membrane-bound, soluble or secreted. They have been implicated in the pathology of numerous chronic diseases including ovarian and colorectal carcinoma, inflammatory bowel disease, and in cystic fibrosis related epithelial abnormalities.
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Quigley, Máire. "Characterisation of CD8 T cells in mucosa associated lymphoid tissue: implications for immune control of HIV-1 infection /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-646-8/.
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Mathers, Alicia R. "The effects of the route of viral infection on the balance of T helper immune responses." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3825.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 155 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Almeida, Bernice Martha. "A study of basement membranes in normal and neoplastic mucosa of the head and neck." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268060.
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Paiva, Nauana Hay. "O papel da bifurcação das projeções da mucosa durante a morfogênese das vilosidades intestinais em embriões de galinhas." Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2017. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2437.
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As vilosidades intestinais são estruturas digitiformes da camada mucosa do intestino delgado que ampliam a superfície desse órgão, otimizando o processo de absorção dos nutrientes. A morfogênese das vilosidades intestinais ocorre de forma indireta em galinhas. Primeiramente, surgem projeções longitudinais da mucosa. Essas projeções sofrem dobramento e adquirem padrão zigue-zague, que é a base para a formação das vilosidades. Estudo anterior do nosso grupo relatou pela primeira vez que as projeções da mucosa de embriões de galinhas se bifurcavam. Entretanto, embora vários aspectos morfológicos da morfogênese das vilosidades intestinais de galinhas sejam conhecidos, não há na literatura dados a respeito da bifurcação das projeções da mucosa. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi compreender o papel da bifurcação na morfogênese das vilosidades intestinais no jejuno de embriões de galinhas. Análises histológicas, avaliação da proliferação celular pela incorporação de BrdU e reação de PAS foram realizadas durante o período de ocorrência da bifurcação. Para avaliar a proliferação celular, a injeção de BrdU in ovo foi padronizada. As análises histológicas permitiram estabelecer que a bifurcação ocorre entre o 13º e 15º dia e definir a sequência de mudanças morfológicas do processo. A avaliação da proliferação celular mostrou que as células do epitélio da mucosa e as envolvidas no processo de bifurcação estavam proliferando. A reação de PAS revelou a presença de membrana basal nas células envolvidas na bifurcação. Os dados permitem concluir que o processo de bifurcação envolve mudanças morfológicas correlacionadas à proliferação de células epiteliais que culminam com a formação das pré-vilosidades.
The intestinal villi are finger-like projections of the small intestinal mucosa that extend its surface, optimizing the process of nutrient absorption. The intestinal villi morphogenesis of the chick occurs indirectly. At first, longitudinal previllous ridges appear in the intestine. The previllous ridges fold into zigzag pattern, and finally individual villi are formed. Our previous study reported, for the first time, the bifurcation of the previllous ridges on chick embryos. Although morphological aspects of the intestinal villi morphogenesis of the chickens are known, there are no data from the previllous ridges bifurcation. The present work aimed to understand the role of bifurcation in the intestinal villi morphogenesis of the chick embryos. Histological analysis, evaluation of cell proliferation by incorporation of BrdU and PAS reaction were performed during the period of bifurcation. To evaluate cell proliferation, injection of BrdU in ovo was standardized. The histological analyses allowed to establish that the bifurcation occurs between the 13th and 15th day and to define the sequence of morphological events during the process. The evaluation of cell proliferation showed that cells of the mucosal epithelium and involved in the bifurcation were proliferating. The PAS reaction revealed the presence of basement membrane in the cells involved in the bifurcation process. The data allow us to conclude that the morphological changes of the bifurcation are correlated to the proliferation of epithelial cells and culminate to formation of previllous.
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Petris, Carisa Kay. "Identification and characterization of M cells in the mammalian conjunctiva." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4888.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 12, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Paulsson, Mattias. "Controlled Release Gel Formulations for Mucosal Drug Delivery." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5173-X/.
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Wilson, John Edward. "A comparison of alternate mucosal routes of prophylactic immunisation using a mouse model of Helicobacter infection /." View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030704.133959/index.html.
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Thesis (M.Sc.) (Honours) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2001.A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (Honours), Centre for Farming Systems Research, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2001. Bibliography : leaves 142-162.
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Ng, William Man Fai. "The effect of volatile thiol compounds on permeability of oral mucosa." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26508.
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Cumulative clinical and experimental evidence indicates that volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) the principal components of oral malodour, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. As their (H₂S and CH₃SH) concentrations in gingival sulci increase with the severity of periodontal involvement, the objective of this investigation is to ascertain if they exert an effect on the permeability of oral mucosa.
Permeability determinations were performed on excised porcine sublingual mucosal specimens which consisted of non-keratinized epithelium, basal membrane and connective tissue layers mounted in a two compartment perfusion apparatus. Using radioactive and fluorescent-labelled penetrants, it was found that exposure of the epithelial surface to an atmosphere containing physiological concentrations of both thiols (15 ng H₂S or CH₃SH / ml of 95% air - 5% C0₂) increased the permeability of the mucosa to (³⁵S)-S0₄⁻², (³H)-prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled E. coli lipopolysaccharide (F-LPS). A three hour exposure of the mucosa to H₂S and CH₃SH resulted in a 75% and 103% increase respectively in permeability to (³⁵S)-labelled sulphate ion. Similarly, the mercaptan induced up to a 70% increase in permeability of the mucosa to (³H)-prostaglandin E₂. The
magnitude of changes in the permeability were found to depend on duration of exposure to the thiols and to their concentration. Studies using (³⁵S)-H₂S suggest that the observed changes in the tissue permeability are related to the reaction of the thiols with tissue components. In addition, the (³⁵S)-H₂S is capable of perfusing through all three layers of the mucosa at 12.3 ng / cm². In contrast to H₂S , the CH₃SH effect was irreversible in
control air / C0₂ environment. This infers that CH₃SH is
potentially a more deleterious agent to the tissue barrier. However, its effect can also be reversed by treatment of tissues with 0.22% ZnCl₂ either prior to or after exposure to mercaptan.
This suggests that Zn⁺² ion may be useful in preventing the potentially harmful effects of VSC.
Fluorescent studies with F-LPS indicate that thiols can also potentiate the penetration of endotoxin. Whereas the fluorescence of the F-LPS in control systems was confined to the superficial
epithelial layer in contact with the endotoxin, the CH₃SH-
exposed mucosa exhibited fluorescence throughout the epithelial and connective tissue layers. Fluorescent staining of the mucosal specimens with fluorescein diacetate followed by counter staining with ethidium bromide provides evidence of membrane impairment to some cells by CH₃SH. Collectively these
observations provide strong experimental evidence that the VSC, products of putrefaction produced in the gingival sulcus by oral microflora, may adversely affect the integrity of the crevicular barrier to deleterious agents and thus contribute to the etiology of periodontal disease.Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Torres, Karoll Andrea Alfonso [UNESP]. "Avaliação do desempenho zootécnico, da função da mucosa intestinal e da microbiota ileal quando da substituição do milho pelo sorgo na ração de frangos de corte." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104936.
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Experimento 1: Foram avaliados os efeitos da substituição do milho pelo sorgo na ração para frangos de corte sobre o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e partes, a morfometria (densidade de vilos, altura dos vilos, profundidade das criptas, número de células caliciformes e índice mitótico nas criptas) e a integridade da mucosa do duodeno, jejuno e íleo, e a atividade das enzimas de membrana (aminopeptidase, fosfatase alcalina e maltase) da mucosa do jejuno. Foram utilizados 792 pintainhos de um dia machos, Cobb-500, distribuídos ao acaso em quatro tratamentos (0, 50, 75 ou 100% de substituição do milho pelo sorgo do 1º ao 42º dia) e seis repetições. No 7º, 21º e 42º dia o peso dos frangos e as sobras das rações foram aferidas, e foram obtidas amostras do intestino delgado de um frango por repetição. Experimento 2: Foi avaliado o efeito da substituição total do milho pelo sorgo sobre as Enterobactérias, Lactobacillus spp, Clostridium perfringens (Log10 UFC/g), a viscosidade e o pH do conteúdo ileal. Cem pintainhos foram distribuídos em dois grupos e alimentados com rações à base de milho ou sorgo do 1º ao 42º dia de idade. Concluiu-se desses experimentos que a substituição do milho da ração por sorgo, na fase inicial (1 a 21 dias), não altera o desempenho e a função da mucosa do intestino delgado dos frangos. A substituição parcial do milho pelo sorgo (50 ou 75%) durante a fase total de criação (1 a 42 dias) melhora a conversão alimentar dos frangos. A substituição total (100%), até os 42 dias, prejudica a estrutura dos vilos do duodeno e jejuno, mas, diminui a colonização por Clostridium perfringens no íleo e a viscosidade do conteúdo ileal. A substituição de 75 ou 100% até os 42 dias diminui a atividade de aminopeptidase e maltase. O rendimento de carcaça e partes, a atividade da fosfatase alcalina intestinal e as populações...
Experiment 1: The effects of substitution of corn by sorghum in diets for broiler chickens on performance, carcass and parts (breast and thigh+drumstick), morphology (density of villi, villous height, depth crypts, number of goblet cells and mitotic index in the crypts) and integrity (score of epithelial loss) of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum mucosa, and the activity of membrane enzymes (aminopeptidase, intestinal alkaline phosphatase, and maltase) of the jejunum. We used 792 day-old chicks male Cobb-500, were randomly assigned to four treatments (0, 50, 75 or 100% replacement of corn by sorghum 1 to 42 days) and six replications. At 7, 21 and 42 days the weight of the chickens and the remains of the diets were measured, and samples were collected from the small intestine of a chicken for replication. Experiment 2: The effect of total substitution of corn by sorghum on the counts of Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus spp and Clostridium perfringens, viscosity and pH of ileal contents. One hundred chicks were divided into two groups and fed diets based on corn or sorghum, 1 to 42 days of age. From the results of these experiments it was concluded that the substitution of corn by sorghum in the initial phase (1 to 21 days) does not affect the performance and function of small intestinal mucosa of chickens. The partial substitution of corn by sorghum (50 or 75%) during the total period (1 to 42 days) seems to improve feed conversion of chickens. Total substitution (100%), up to 42 days, affect the structure of the villi of the duodenum and jejunum, but reduced colonization by Clostridium perfringens in the ileum and the viscosity of ileal contents. The replacement of 75 or 100% up to 42 days reduces the activity of aminopeptidase and maltase. The carcass and parts, the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase and the count of Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus spp, are not affected by treatments
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Couto, Luzinei da Silva. "A mucosa nasal como uma via estratégica de vacinação contra infecção por Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis no modelo hamster dourado (Mesocricetus auratus)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/13368.
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Previous issue date: 2016-01-13Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Resultados anteriores demonstraram que a administração oral e intranasal de antígenos brutos de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (LaAg) protege parcialmente camundongos contra a infecção por L. amazonensis. No entanto, estudos de vacinação contra as espécies do subgênero Viannia, as principais espécies causadora da leishmaniose cutânea e mucosa nas Américas, têm sido dificultados pela falta de modelos experimentais de fácil manuseio que reproduzam a doença humana. Recentemente, foi demonstrado que o hamster dourado é um modelo adequado para o estudo da imunopatogênese da leishmaniose cutânea causada por L. (Viannia) braziliensis. Usando o modelo hamster, investigamos se o efeito protetor da imunização intranasal com LaAg pode ser estendido a infecção por L. braziliensis. Hamsters foram vacinados com duas doses de LaAg (10 \03BCg) intranasal (IN) ou duas doses de LaAg (20 \03BCg) por via intramuscular (IM) e duas semanas após a vacinação foram desafiados com L. braziliensis Os resultados demonstraram que a imunização com LaAg reduziu significativamente o crescimento da lesão e da carga parasitária, bem como os níveis de IgG e IgG2 no plasma. No final do experimento, 114 dias após a infecção, os hamsters que foram considerados protegidos expressaram na pele níveis semelhantes de mRNA para IFN-\03B3 e IL-10 comparados aos níveis na pele de animais não infectados, diferentemente do observado nos animais não protegidos. Comparando com a via nasal, a imunização pela via intramuscular (IM) não induziu proteção. Estes resultados demonstram pela primeira vez que a imunização pela via nasal pode induzir proteção cruzada contra a infecção por L. braziliensis
Previous results have shown that oral and intranasa l administration of crude Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis antigens (LaAg) partially protects mice against L. amazonensis infection. However, vaccination studies on species of the subgenus Viannia , the main causative species of cutaneous and mucos al leishmaniasis in the Americas, have been hampered b y the lack of easy-to-handle bio-models that accurately mimic the human disease. Recently, we demonstrated that the golden hamster is an appropriate model for studying the immunopathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis cause d by L. (Viannia) braziliensis. Using the golden hamster model, we investigated whe ther the protective effect of intranasal immunisation with LaAg can be extended t o L. braziliensis infection. Golden hamsters vaccinated with either two intranas al (IN) doses of LaAg (10 μ g) or two intramuscular doses of LaAg (20 μ g) were challenged 2 weeks post-vaccination with L. braziliensis. The results showed that IN immunisation with LaAg s ignificantly reduced lesion growth and parasitic load as well as serum IgG and IgG2 levels. At the experimental endpoint on day 114 post-infection , IN-immunised hamsters that were considered protected expressed IFN- γ and IL10 mRNA at similar levels as uninfected skin. Unlike what was observed in animal s not protected. In contrast to the nasal route, intramuscular (IM) immunisation failed to provide protection. These results demonstrate for the first time that the nas al route of immunisation can induce cross protection against L. braziliensis infection.