Dissertations / Theses: 'Mucopolysaccharidosi'

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Pereira, Cátia Daniela Isaías. "Lymphocyte populations in Mucopolysaccharidosis patients." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15580.

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Mestrado em Biomedicina molecular
As doenças de sobrecarga lisossomal (DSLs) constituem um grupo de distúrbios metabólicos raros maioritariamente causados por mutações em hidrolases lisossomais, que conduzem à acumulação anormal de diferentes substratos macromoleculares no interior do lisossoma. Este trabalho é focado nas mucopolissacaridoses (MPSs), um grupo de DSLs resultantes da atividade deficiente de enzimas envolvidas no catabolismo dos glicosaminoglicanos. A MPS II é caraterizada pela perda de atividade da enzima iduronato-2-sulfatase, levando ao armazenamento intralisossomal de sulfato de dermatano e sulfato de heparano. A MPS VI é definida pela acumulação de sulfato de dermatano dentro do lisossoma, devido a uma deficiência na atividade enzimática de arilsulfatase B. O lisossoma é um compartimento celular importante para o funcionamento normal do sistema imunitário. Em diversos modelos de DSLs, foram anteriormente descritas alterações nas células do sistema imunitário. Os principais objetivos do presente trabalho eram: (i) estudar as várias populações leucocitárias – incluindo células T e seus subconjuntos, células natural killer (NK), células B e suas subpopulações, e monócitos – no sangue periférico de doentes com MPS II e MPS VI; (ii) produzir linhas de células B transformadas pelo vírus Epstein–Barr (EBV) destes pacientes, assim como avaliar a eficácia na sua produção e determinar o seu fenótipo. A caraterização do sistema imunitário nas doenças MPS II e MPS VI revelou um decréscimo significativo na frequência de células NK e monócitos em doentes com MPS VI, mas não em doentes com MPS II, em comparação com indivíduos controle. Em contraste, não foram identificadas alterações na percentagem de células T, células natural killer T invariantes (iNKT) e células B nos grupos de doentes com MPS II e MPS VI, comparando com o grupo controlo. A análise detalhada do estado de memória de células T auxiliares e células T citotóxicas revelou desequilíbrios nos fenótipos naïve e de memória em ambos os compartimentos de células T em doentes com MPS VI, mas não em doentes com MPS II, em comparação com indivíduos controle. As linhas de células B transformadas pelo EBV foram produzidas com sucesso nos dois grupos de doentes com MPS, mas a eficácia na sua produção foi superior no caso dos doentes com MPS VI, comparando com os indivíduos controle e doentes com MPS II. O fenótipo predominante das linhas de células B transformadas pelo EBV era similar entre ambos os grupos de doentes com MPS e o grupo controlo, o qual foi avaliado como sendo correspondente à subpopulação de células B de memória duplamente negativas. Em conclusão, este trabalho permitiu caraterizar melhor o sistema imunitário nestas duas doenças raras.
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) constitute a group of rare metabolic disorders mostly caused by mutations in lysosomal hydrolases, which conduce to abnormal accumulation of different macromolecular substrates inside the lysosome. This work is focused on the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs), a group of LSDs arising from the deficient activity of enzymes involved in the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans. The MPS II is characterized by loss of activity of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase, leading to the intralysosomal storage of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. The MPS VI is defined by the accumulation of dermatan sulfate within the lysosome, owing to a deficiency in the enzymatic activity of arylsulfatase B. The lysosome is an important cellular compartment for the normal functioning of the immune system. In several models of LSDs, alterations in the immune system cells were previously described. The main aims of the present work were: (i) to study the various leukocyte populations – including T cells and their subsets, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells and their subpopulations, and monocytes – in the peripheral blood of MPS II and MPS VI patients; (ii) to produce Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)- -transformed B cell lines from these patients, as well as to evaluate the efficacy in their generation and determine their phenotype. The characterization of the immune system in MPS II and MPS VI diseases revealed a significant decrease in the frequency of NK cells and monocytes in MPS VI patients, but not in MPS II patients, in comparison with control subjects. In contrast, no alterations were identified in the percentage of T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, and B cells in the groups of MPS II and MPS VI patients comparing with the control group. The detailed analysis of the memory state of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells revealed imbalances in the naïve and memory phenotypes in both T cell compartments in MPS VI patients, but not in MPS II patients, as compared with control subjects. The EBV-transformed B cell lines were successfully produced in the two MPS patient groups, but the efficacy in their generation was higher in the case of MPS VI patients when comparing with control subjects and MPS II patients. The predominant phenotype of EBV-transformed B cell lines was similar between both groups of MPS patients and the control group, which was assessed as corresponding to the double-negative memory B cell subpopulation. In conclusion, this work allowed to better characterize the immune system in these two rare diseases.

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Kesenheimer, Johannes. "Diagnostik der Mucopolysaccharidose IV – Morquio Syndrom." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-146349.

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Lutzko, Carolyn Mary. "Gene therapy for canine mucopolysaccharidosis type I." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0006/NQ41221.pdf.

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Litjens, Tom. "The molecular genetics of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl776.pdf.

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Scott, Hamish Steele. "The molecular genetics of mucopolysaccharidosis type I /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs426.pdf.

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6

Lopes, Nuno Duarte Ribeiro. "iNKT cells in mucopolysaccharidosis type II patients." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11621.

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Mestrado em Biomedicina Molecular
A Mucopolissacaridose tipo II (MPS II) é uma Doença de Sobrecarga Lisossomal (LSD) pertencente às mucopolissacaridoses. É caracterizada pela acumulação de sulfato de heparan e dermatan devido à deficiência na enzima lisossomal Iduronato 2-Sulfatase. O lisossoma é um compartimento importante para a atividade dos linfócitos iNKT (iNKT). Os linfócitos iNKT são linfócitos T restritos a lípidos envolvidos na infeção, autoimunidade e vigilância tumoral. Estudos anteriores em modelos de murganhos de LSDs demonstraram uma redução do número de linfócitos iNKT assim como alterações nas subpopulações de linfócitos iNKT. Apesar destes resultados, investigação similar em doentes humanos foi ainda pouco abordada. Aqui, analisamos pela primeira vez os linfócitos iNKT de doentes com MPS II. Os dados foram recolhidos através da análise por citometria de fluxo de Células Mononucleares do Sangue Periférico de doentes com MPS II. Os doentes com MPS II não apresentavam diferenças nos linfócitos iNKT totais nem nas subpopulações de linfócitos iNKT. Fenotipicamente, não foram encontradas, nestas células, alterações na expressão de marcadores de ativação e de linfócitos NK. Uma vez que a ativação de linfócitos iNKT requer o funcionamento do lisossoma das células apresentadoras de antigénios, analisámos as suas frequências e fenótipos. Foram encontradas reduções significativas nos monócitos de doentes e não foram encontradas alterações nas restantes células. Não foram encontradas alterações fenotípicas nas células apresentadoras de antigénios. A comparação dos resultados apresentados nesta tese com os resultados previamente obtidos no nosso laboratório para outras LSD sugere que o desenvolvimento dos linfócitos iNKT é influenciado pela natureza das moléculas acumuladas. Descrevemos ainda pela primeira vez alterações na percentagem de monócitos no sangue de doentes com MPS II.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a Lysosomal Storage Disorder (LSD) belonging to the group of mucopolysaccharidoses. It is characterised by the accumulation of heparan and dermatan sulfate due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme Iduronate 2-Sulfatase. The lysosome is an important compartment for the activity of invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT). iNKT cells are lipid-specific T cells that were shown to be important in infection, autoimmunity and tumour surveillance. Previous studies in mouse models of LSDs have shown a decrease in iNKT cell numbers and alterations in iNKT cell subsets. In spite of these findings, similar research in human patients has been poorly addressed. Herein, we analysed for the first time iNKT cells from Mucopolysaccharidosis type II patients. Data was acquired through flow cytometry analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from MPS II patients. MPS II patients did not present differences in total iNKT cells neither in iNKT cell subsets. Phenotypically, no differences have been found in the expression of activation and NK cells markers. Since iNKT cell activation requires a functioning lysosome of antigen presenting cells, we analysed their frequency and phenotype. We have found a significant reduction in monocytes from patients and no differences in the other cells. Furthermore, no phenotypical alterations have been found in antigen presenting cells. The comparison of the results presented in this thesis with the results previously obtained by our laboratory in other LSD suggests that iNKT cell development is influenced by the nature of the accumulated molecules. We also described for the first time alterations in the percentage of monocytes in the peripheral blood of MPS II patients.

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PARIS, ERIC. "Circonstances inhabituelles du diagnostic des mucopolysaccharidoses." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M058.

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Maia, Maria da Luz Galante. "Lipid specific T cells in Mucopolysaccharidosis VI patients." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10388.

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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e Celular
Doenças de sobrecarga lisossomal (DSL) são um grupo de doenças metabólicas hereditárias causadas pela acumulação de moléculas não degradadas nos lisossomas, devido sobretudo a defeitos em enzimas lisossomais. Mucopolissacaridoses são DSL caracterizadas pela acumulação de glicosaminoglicanos anteriormente designados mucopolissacarídeos. O foco deste trabalho é a Mucopolissacaridose tipo VI (MPS VI), que resulta da defeciência de uma hidrolase lisossomal (Arylsulfatase B) responsável pela degradação do sulfato de dermatan, o que leva á acumulação desta macromolécula nos doentes. O lisossoma é um organelo importante na apresentação de antigénios lipídicos ás células T. A apresentação de antigénios lipídicos é mediada por moléculas CD1 existentes nas células apresentadoras de antigénios. A ligação do antigénio lipídico ás moléculas CD1 das células apresentadoras leva á activação das células T restritas a CD1 (NKT). Existem cinco isoformas de moléculas CD1 (a, b, c, d, e), mas apenas quatro são capazes de apresentar antigénios (a, b, c, d). Um dos locais na célula onde a associação das moléculas CD1 com os antigénios lipídicos ocorre é o lisossoma, portanto a apresentação de antigénios lipídicos pode estar afectada em doentes com DSL. Células NKT são um grupo heterogéneo de células T que partilham propriedades das células T e das células natural killer . Em humanos existem três subpopulações de células iNKT dependendo da expressão de CD4 e CD8: CD4+ (apenas expressam CD4), CD8+ (apenas expressam CD8) e duplas negativas (DN) que não expressam nenhumas das duas moléculas. Em estudos prévios foi observado em modelos animais de várias DSL uma diminuição na percentagem de células iNKT. Em doentes de Fabry e Gaucher não foram encontradas alteraçoes. O objectivo deste trabalho é estudar os linfócitos incluindo as células iNKT, as células dendríticas (como células apresentadoras de antigénios) e apresentação de antigénios lipídicos em doentes com MPS VI. Não foram encontradas alterações na percentagem de células iNKT assim como nas suas subpopulações entre doentes com MPS VI e indivíduos controlos. Curiosamente encontramos um aumento na percentagem de linfócitos B em doentes com MPS VI quando comparados com indivíduos controlo. Para determinar o fenótipo das células dendríticas três doentes foram analisados, encontramos para alguns destes doentes uma diminuição na expressão das moléculas CD1a, CD11c e HLA-DR (MHC-class II), mas para tirar mas conclusões mais doentes precisam ser analisados. Três doentes com MPS VI foram analisados para testar a capacidade das suas células dendríticas apresentarem antigénios lipídicos pela molécula CD1b. Não foram encontradas alterações na capacidade destes doentes apresentarem o antigénio lipídico GM1 pela molécula CD1b. Pela primeira vez foram realizados ensaios de apresentação de antigénios lipídicos em doentes com MPS.
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSD) are a group of hereditary metabolic disorders caused by accumulation of undegraded molecules in the lysosome, mainly due to the impairment of the function of lysosomal enzymes. Mucopolysaccharidoses are LSDs characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans previously designated Mucopolysaccharides. The focus of this work is the Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI), which is a disorder caused by a deficiency in a lysosomal hydrolase (Arylsulfatase B) responsible for the dermatan sulfate degradation, that leads to an accumulation of this macromolecule in the patients. Lysosome is an important organelle in the presentation of lipid antigen to T cells. Lipid antigen presentation is mediated by CD1 molecules existent in the antigen presenting cells. The binding of lipid antigens and the presenting cells containing CD1 molecules lead to activation of T cells that respond to those molecules. There are five isoforms of CD1 molecules (a, b, c, d, e), but only four are antigen presenting (a, b, c, d). One of the cell locations where the association of the CD1 molecules and lipid antigens occurs is the lysosome, so that means that antigen presentation could be affected in LSDs patients. NKT cells are a heterogeneous group of T cells that share properties with T cells and natural killer cells. In humans there are three subpopulations depending on the expression of CD4 and CD8 molecules: CD4+ (only express CD4), CD8+ (only express CD8) and double negative (DN) that do not express any of them. In previous studies a decrease in the percentage of iNKT cells were observed in mouse models of several LSDs. However in patients with Fabry and Gaucher diseases no alterations were found. The aim of this work is to study the lymphocytes including the iNKT cells, the dendritic cells (as antigen presenting cells) and the lipid antigen presentation in MPS VI patients. We found no alterations in the percentage of the iNKT cells and in their subsets between MPS VI patients and control subjects. Interestingly we found an increase in the percentage of the B lymphocyte population in MPS VI patients when compared with control subjects. For dendritic cells phenotype three patients were analyzed, we found for some of them a decrease of the expression of CD1a, CD11c and HLA-DR (MHC-class II) however, more patients need to be study before conclusions can be drawn. In lipid antigen presenting assays, three patients were tested for the capacity of their dendritic cells to present lipid antigens by CD1b molecule. We found no alterations in patients’ capacity to present the lipid antigen GM1 by CD1b molecule. Studies regarding the lipid antigen presentation were for the first time performed in MPS.

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LLADO, SANTAEULARIA MANEL. "THERAPEUTIC GENOME EDITING IN RETINA AND LIVER." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/696628.

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In vivo gene therapy with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has been successful at treating several inherited diseases, specifically those caused by loss of function mutations which require transfer of a correct copy of a gene. This would not benefit dominant diseases due to gain of function mutations which produce toxic protein products. In addition, since AAV genomes persist as episomes in target cells, AAV mediated transgene expression might be short lived in tissues where cell proliferation occurs when newborn or after damage, like for example the liver. To overcome these challenges, I have developed AAV-based therapeutic approaches which use genome editing to introduce stable modifications at specific genomic loci. First, an allele-specific approach which targets the Rhodopsin P347S dominant mutation was developed and tested both in vitro and in vivo. I achieved allele-specific targeting of human P347S rhodopsin, which reduced mRNA levels and improved retinal electrical function in a mouse model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Second, I developed a mutation- and homology-independent targeted integration (HITI) approach for gene correction in photoreceptors. I demonstrated feasibility of this approach in mouse and pig photoreceptors using a reporter gene and characterized on-target precision of HITI in the murine rhodopsin locus. I then tested the therapeutic potential of this approach in a mouse model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa and observed mild and transient improvement of retinal function in treated eyes, which suggests that the levels of editing obtained need optimization. Third, I developed a HITI approach for expressing therapeutic genes from the liver by targeting the albumin locus, which is highly transcribed in hepatocytes. I demonstrated feasibility and efficiency of this approach using a reporter gene, and characterized on-target precision of HITI, as well as off-target integration due to Cas9 cleavage. I then tested the therapeutic potential of the integration of a copy of the human arylsulfatase B (ARSB) gene, which is mutated in a rare lysosomal storage disease, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI), in the albumin locus in the liver of newborn MPSVI mice. I demonstrated that this approach achieves stable expression of ARSB at levels that reduce glucosaminoglycan (GAG) urinary secretion, one of the main readouts of MPSVI phenotype. This stable expression of ARSB is contrary to the decrease of transgene expression observed in neonatal MPSVI mice injected with the same dose of a conventional gene therapy vector, thus overcoming the potential loss of transgene expression caused by hepatocyte proliferation. Overall, I have developed different genome editing approaches for conditions that are inherited as either dominant or recessive. I have tested these approaches in two relevant tissues for gene therapy like retina and liver and shown the potential to provide AAV with persistent transgene expression in proliferating tissues like the newborn liver.

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Chodan, Desmaris Nathalie. "Thérapie génique des atteintes neurologiques dans les mucopolysaccharidoses." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077039.

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Roy, Elise. "Cell disorders in lysosomal storage diseases." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683248.

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Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPSIIIB) is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) characterized by accumulation of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides (HSO), which results in progressive mental retardation, neurodegeneration and premature death in children. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Coming to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of MPSIIIB has become a necessity to assess the efficacy of gene therapy treatment regarding loss of neuronal plasticity, and to define the best conditions for treatment. To address the link between HSO accumulation and downstream pathological events, new cell models of MPSIIIB were created. First, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSc) were generated from fibroblasts of affected children, followed by differentiation of patient-derived iPSc into a neuronal progeny. Second, a HeLa cell model was created in which expression of shRNAs directed against a-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), the deficient enzyme in MPSIIIB, is induced by tetracycline. Success in the isolation of these different models was pointed by the presence of cardinal features of MPSIIIB cell pathology. Studies in these models showed that: I) HSO excreted in the extracellular matrix modifies cell perception of environmental cues, affecting downstream signalling pathways with consequences on the Golgi morphology. II) Accumulation of intracellular storage vesicles, a hallmark of LSDs is due to overexpression of the cis-Golgi protein GM130 and subsequent Golgi alterations. It is likely that these vesicles are abnormal lysosomes formed in the cis- and medial-Golgi which are misrouted at an early step of lysosome biogenesis, giving rise to a dead-end compartment. III) Other cell functions controlled by GM130 are affected, including centrosome morphology and microtubule nucleation. These data point to possible consequences on cell polarization, cell migration and neuritogenesis.

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Heppner, Jonathan Michael. "Early disruption of the extracellular matrix in murine mucopolysaccharidosis I." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54160.

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Progressive skeletal and connective tissue disease is a major clinical burden in Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). Although enzyme replacement therapies are available and improve some aspects of the disease, bone and joint disease is recalcitrant. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of MPS I skeletal and connective tissue disease, and the basis of the recalcitrance to therapy, remain unknown. The classical view of MPS I describes somatic disease as the direct result of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation; however, it is now clear that many lysosomal storage disorders involve more complex pathogenic mechanisms than simple GAG storage. In order to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying skeletal and connective tissue disease in MPS I, I have used proteomic and genome wide expression studies of the femoral head growth plate cartilage, and functional studies of the murine MPS I model knee joint to identify early pathogenic events. Three and five-week-old mice were used; thus these studies represent a previously-unexamined time point at which underlying pathogenic mechanisms may be discovered. Unbiased iTRAQ differential proteomic and multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry approaches identified significant decreases in six key structural and signalling extracellular matrix proteins (biglycan, type I collagen, fibromodulin, lactotransferrin, proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein, and SERPINF1). Genome-wide expression studies in five-week growth plate cartilage revealed fourteen significantly deregulated mRNAs (Adamts4, asporin, chondroadherin, type II collagen, type IX collagen, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein, lumican, matrillin 1, matrix metalloproteinase 3, osteoglycin, osteomodulin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide II, proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein, and member RAS oncogene family 32). The involvement of members of the small leucine repeat proteoglycan family (asporin, chondroadherin, osteoglycin, osteomodulin, and proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein) in MPS I disease pathogenesis is novel and intriguing, as these proteins are associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Functional studies of the MPS I mouse knee joint suggested that early disruption of the extracellular matrix may predispose skeletal and connective tissues to late-stage degeneration. These results imply that biomechanical failure of chondro-osseous tissue may underlie skeletal and joint disease in MPS I. This represents a novel finding which has clear therapeutic implications.
Medicine, Faculty of
Medical Genetics, Department of
Graduate

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O'Leary, H. A. ngharad E. S. G. "Heparan sulphate inhibits haematopoietic stem cell homing in mucopolysaccharidosis I." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528510.

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Gliddon, Briony Lee. "Enzyme replacement therapy in a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg5595.pdf.

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Crawley, Allison Catherine. "Enzyme replacement therapy in a feline model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc9107.pdf.

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SAYEGH, SAMI. "La readaptation de la maladie de morquio : a propos de 16 observations, dont une fratrie de cinq personnes, du centre des massues." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M051.

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DE, JONCKHEERE CHANTAL, and YVES GIRKA. "Maladie de hunter (mucopolysaccharidose de type ii) : a propos de 3 observations." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M212.

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LAMBATTEN, DRISS. "La maladie de hunter." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M236.

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Bruyere, Julie. "Cascades physiopathologiques dans la maladie de Sanfilippo B." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T020/document.

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La mucopolysaccharidose de type IIIB (MPSIIIB), ou maladie de Sanfilippo B, est une maladie de surcharge lysosomale caractérisée par des atteintes neurologiques. Cette maladie génétique rare est causée par la déficience en a-N-acétylglucosaminidase (NAGLU), une enzyme nécessaire pour la dégradation des héparanes sulfates (HS). La dégradation incomplète des HS cause l’accumulation de saccharides d’HS dans les lysosomes et à la surface des cellules. Mais la cascade physiopathologique induite par ces saccharides n’est pour l’instant pas connue. D’une part, ces recherches fournissent des preuves que la communication avec l’environnement des cellules neurales déficientes en NAGLU est altérée. En effet, l’intégrine ß1 et ses effecteurs sont suractivés et recrutés au niveau des plaques d’adhérence dans des astrocytes déficients. Les comportements cellulaires dépendants des intégrines, tels que la polarisation et la migration, sont également altérés. Ces phénotypes sont restaurés par l’apport de l’enzyme déficiente. Cette restauration indique que l’accumulation de saccharides d’HS provoque l’activation de la signalisation des intégrines, et perturbe la polarisation et la migration des cellules neurales. L’ajout de saccharides d’HS purifiés sur des cellules neurales normales confirme que les saccharides d’HS extracellulaires activent des composants des plaques d’adhérence. D’autre part, l’étude d’un modèle cellulaire humain, dont l’expression de NAGLU a été inhibée par shRNA, a montré que l’accumulation de vésicules de stockage caractéristiques de la maladie est causée, entre autre, par une déformation de l’appareil de Golgi et la surexpression de GM130. Ces phénotypes sont également observés dans les neurones atteints. Ils s’accompagnent d’une augmentation de la stabilité et de la nucléation des microtubules, au niveau de l’appareil de Golgi. Les défauts de communication entre la cellule malade et son environnement semblent donc modifier la dynamique et la structure cellulaire. Nous présumons que les mécanismes physiopathologiques déchiffrés en culture sont reliés à la neuropathologie de la MPSIIIB. En perturbant la perception de l’environnement cellulaire, la polarité, la migration, et la pousse neuritique, les saccharides d’HS accumulés dans les tissus cérébraux malades, affectent probablement divers mécanismes clefs de la maturation corticale
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (Sanfilippo B disease) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by severe neurological manifestations in children. This rare monogenic disease is caused by a-Nacetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) deficiency, a lysosomal hydrolase necessary for heparan sulfate (HS) degradation. This deficiency leads to the accumulation of HS saccharides. Mechanisms mediating HS saccharides deleterious effects on brain cells are not well understood. This research provides evidences that neural cell sensing of environment is altered in MPSIIIB cells. Integrins and focal adhesion components are over-recruited and over-activated in deficient mouse astrocytes. Consistently, integrin-dependant cell behavior such as cell polarization and directed migration were defective in affected astrocytes and neural stem cells. HS saccharide clearance, by NAGLU gene transfer, rescues a normal phenotype suggesting that HS saccharides induce focal adhesion formation. Addition of purified HS saccharides on normal astrocytes confirms that extracellular HS saccharides can activate the recruitment of focal adhesion components and provides an in vitro assay to decipher the saccharide code of HS. Otherwise, investigations performed on HeLa cell model, in which NAGLU expression was inhibited by shRNA, showed that accumulation of intracellular storage vesicles, a hallmark of the disease, is due over expression of a cis-Golgi protein. This affects the Golgi morphology and microtubule nucleation and stability. It seems that alterations of environment cell sensing and downstream signaling also modify the dynamic and the structure of cells. We assume that mechanisms deciphered in cell cultures are related to MPSIIIB neuropathology. By affecting cell perception of environmental cues, cell polarity, cell migration and neurite outgrowth, HS saccharides, which accumulate in brain tissues defective for a HS degradation enzyme, likely affect various processes important for accurate cortical maturation

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Zarrinkalam, Krystyna. "Characterisation of osteoblast function in a feline model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI." Title page, contents and introduction only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phz38.pdf.

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Addenda slip inserted in back. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-231). To further the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the skeletal pathology of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI and to investigate the production of organic matrix by mucopolysaccharidosis VI osteoblasts

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Langford-Smith, Alexander William Walker. "Lentiviral vector mediated haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/lentiviral-vector-mediated-haematopoietic-stem-cell-gene-therapy-for-mucopolysaccharidosis-type-iiia(89f8e108-58f3-42bb-8b80-0e0a1fe45fd7).html.

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Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo) is comprised of four phenotypically similar lysosomal storage disorders (MPS IIIA-D) caused by the deficiency of enzymes that catabolise heparan sulphate (HS). Progressive accumulation of HS results in abnormal behaviour, progressive cognitive and motor impairment and death in mid-teens. There are currently no treatments for MPS III. To assess the effect of novel therapeutics in the mouse models of MPS III it is necessary to examine the effect on primary storage of HS, secondary storage and behaviour. The reported behaviour of MPS IIIA and B mice is conflicting therefore we developed a one-hour open field test, performed at the same time of day during a period of hyperactivity observed in a previous circadian rhythm study of MPS IIIB mice. At 8 months of age MPS IIIB mice were hyperactive, with increased rapid exploratory behaviour and a reduction in immobility time. The MPS IIIA mice presented with the same behavioural phenotype as the MPS IIIB mice and were significantly hyperactive at 4 and 6 months of age and also displayed a reduced sense of danger. The hyperactivity and reduced sense of danger observed in the mice is consistent with the patient phenotype. Whilst haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is the standard therapy used to treat the similar HS storage disorder MPS I Hurler, it is ineffectual in MPS IIIA. We hypothesise that HSCT failure in MPS IIIA is due to insufficient enzyme production in the brain by donor-derived microglial cells. By increasing expression of N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase (SGSH) we may be able to treat MPS IIIA. Therefore we compared the effect of HSCT using normal haematopoietic stem cells (WT-HSCT) to lentiviral overexpression of SGSH in normal cells (LV-WT-HSCT) or MPS IIIA cells (LV-IIIA-HSCT) in MPS IIIA mice, using the behavioural tests developed.SGSH activity in the brain of MPS IIIA recipients was not significantly increased by WT-HSCT, but was significantly increased by LV-IIIA-HSCT and LV-WT-HSCT. HS was significantly reduced by all transplants but the best treatment was LV-WT-HSCT. Neuroinflammation, indicated by the number of microglia in the brain, was significantly reduced by all treatments but remains significantly elevated. GM2 gangliosides were significantly reduced by WT-HSCT and LV-WT-HSCT and were no longer significantly elevated, but LV-IIIA-HSCT had no significant effect. Critically LV-WT-HSCT corrected the behaviour at 4 and 6 months of age whilst the other treatments had no significant effect. LV-WT-HSCT and WT-HSCT reduced GM2 gangliosides and neuroinflammation equally but only LV-WT-HSCT corrected behaviour and primary HS storage, suggesting they are the important factors in MPS IIIA pathology. LV-WT-HSCT corrects the neurological phenotype in MPS IIIA mice and is a clinically viable approach to treat MPS IIIA and other neuropathic lysosomal storage disorders.

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MONTAGNA, ANNA. "Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCS) for modelling mucopolysaccharidosis type I (Hurler syndrome)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/113869.

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Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-IH or Hurler syndrome) is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the IDUA gene, resulting in the deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) enzyme activity with a consequent intracellular accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Among a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, MPS-IH is characterized by a range of skeletal abnormalities known as dysostosis multiplex. To date, the skeletal pathogenesis of the MPSs has been assumed to be directly related to the progressive storage of GAGs. It is now clear that more complex cellular and molecular mechanisms underlie the patient clinical symptoms. Therefore, an appropriate humanized in vitro model is highly recommended to highlight these mechanisms. Compared to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a useful tool to achieve this purpose, due to their high proliferation capability in culture and, mostly, to their ability to mimic development. Thus, they demonstrate great potential for investigating the osteogenic differentiation process. In this study, we generated MPS-IH patient-specific iPS cells (MPS-IH iPSCs) which maintained the genetic mutation in the IDUA gene and, as a consequence, reduced IDUA enzyme activity and GAGs intracellular accumulation. In order to assess if the osteogenic differentiation phenotype is already compromised in MPS-IH iPSCs cell, we focused on their bone differentiation capability. Thus, we developed an osteogenic differentiation protocol through the generation of mesenchymal stromal cells from iPSC (hereafter named MSCs-like cells). We designed a robust, multistep differentiation method to isolate MSCs-like cells, both from wild-type iPSCs (WT-iPSCs) and MPS-IH iPSCs. The process included: embryoid body (EB) formation, cell outgrowth from EBs, monolayer culture of sprouted cells from EBs, and a serial of passages in culture until they reached a fibroblast-like morphology and the full expression of mesenchymal surface markers. Firstly, we characterized WT and patient derived-MSCs-like cells in terms of morphology, phenotype, proliferation kinetics and differentiation capacity in mesodermal tissues. WT and patient derived-MSCs-like cells showed the capacity to differentiate in adipocytes, as confirmed by Oil Red O staining. Moreover, MSCs-like cells derived-chondrogenic pellets exhibited a spherical, compact morphology. Histological analysis revealed an initial chondrogenic differentiation, as confirmed by q-RT-PCR for key early chondrogenic markers, such as SOX9 and COLII. Subsequently, we developed an osteogenic differentiation protocol for the obtained MSC-like cells. In order to verify if the differentiation process was accomplished, we performed Alizarin Red staining and quantified the hydroxyapatite production by colorimetric detection at 405 nm both on WT and MPS-IH iPSCs-derived osteoblasts. At the same time, we examined the expression for key osteogenic markers, such as OPN, RUNX2 OTC, OTN, ALP and COL 1A2, through q-RT-PCR. Recently, our group isolated MSCs from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) of both healthy donors and MPS-IH patients, studying a possible involvement of MSCs in the skeletal abnormalities affecting Hurler patients. We previously observed the ability of WT, MPS-IH BM-MSCs and MSCs-derived osteoblasts to stimulate osteoclastogenesis in vitro by measuring the molecular levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-Kb ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), two key partners of the system directly regulating osteoclast differentiation. MPS-IH MSCs and osteoblasts derived from MPS-IH MSCs, expressed a higher level of RANKL compared to HD-MSCs and osteoblasts. OPG level, instead, was similar. In the present study, the osteogenic differentiation protocol developed allowed us to assess if this altered phenotype is already evident in both MSCs-like cells MSCs-like derived osteoblasts, by evaluating the OPG and RANKL expression levels.

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Bitencourt, Fernanda Hendges de. "Aspectos farmacoeconômicos associados à terapia de reposição enzimática para mucopolissacaridoses tipo I, II e VI : um estudo com ênfase em intervenções médicas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71291.

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Introdução: As mucopolisaccaridoses tipo I (MPS I), tipo II (MPS II) e tipo VI (MPS VI) são doenças lisossômicas (DL) para as quais está disponível a terapia de reposição enzimática (TRE) com laronidase, idursulfase e galsufase, respectivamente. Objetivo Primário: Analisar a frequência anual de intervenções médicas (número de consultas, internações, cirurgias, exames solicitados, medicamentos prescritos, equipamentos de uso crônico e outras formas de terapia) em uma amostra de pacientes brasileiros com MPS I, II e VI e, desta forma, contribuir para o conhecimento dos aspectos farmacoeconômicos relacionados a essas doenças. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório, retrospectivo, de base hospitalar, baseado em revisão de prontuário, com amostragem por conveniência, e que foi realizado em duas etapas (etapas 1 e 2). Um instrumento específico para a coleta de dados de ambas as etapas foi construído pela equipe do estudo, que é multidisciplinar. Os desfechos de interesse foram as frequências anuais de intervenções médicas (consultas, exames, cirurgias, internações, medicamentos utilizados, outras formas de terapia). A etapa 1 consistiu em estudo pré-experimental, realizado no Serviço de Genética Médica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (SGM-HCPA), e que comparou as variáveis de interesse, para o mesmo grupo de pacientes, entre o período pré e pós-TRE. Os critérios de inclusão dessa etapa foram: ter diagnóstico confirmado de MPS I; estar em acompanhamento regular no SGM-HCPA desde o diagnóstico; estar em TRE por pelo menos um ano; e não ter participado de ensaio clínico envolvendo TRE ou ter realizado transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. A etapa 2 foi transversal, multicêntrica (centros incluídos: SGMHCPA, Departamento de Genética Médica da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas – PUC-Campinas, e Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ), e comparou as variáveis de interesse entre grupos diferentes de pacientes (aqueles recebendo TRE e aqueles não recebendo TRE). Para essa etapa, foram considerados somente os dados relativos a 2010, sendo os seguintes os critérios de inclusão dos pacientes: ter diagnóstico confirmado de MPS I, II e VI; não estar participando de nenhum ensaio clínico envolvendo TRE ou ter realizado transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas; estar em TRE por pelo menos 12 meses antes do início da coleta, ou em acompanhamento por pelo 12 meses antes do início da coleta. Resultados: Etapa 1 - Nove pacientes (graves=3; atenuados=6) com MPS I foram incluídos no estudo, com mediana de idade de diagnóstico de 4,4 anos. Somente o número de cirurgias/ano/paciente foi dependente do tempo de doença (p=0,0004) e da gravidade do fenótipo (p=0,014). Com relação às comparações pré e pós-TRE, as variáveis que apresentaram diferença significativa (média do número/ano/paciente) foram: exames (pré-TRE=10,2+2,7; pós-TRE=22,5+2,1; p=0,005) e internações (pré-TRE=0,05+0,04; pós-TRE=0,30+0,11; p=0,013). Para as demais variáveis, não foi encontrada associação. Etapa 2 - Trinta e quatro pacientes com MPS I (n=12), II (n=17) e VI (n=5) foram incluídos no estudo. Desses, sete não utilizavam TRE (grupo “sem TRE") e 27 faziam uso de tratamento específico (grupo “com TRE"). Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre tempo de doença e as variáveis estudadas. Considerando a amostra total, foi encontrada diferença entre o grupo “sem TRE” e o grupo “com TRE” em relação à mediana de internações hospitalares e de cirurgias realizadas [1(0-2) vs. 0 (0-1), p=0,015; e 0 (0-2) vs. 0 (0-0), p=0,040, respectivamente]. Para as crianças/adolescentes (<18 anos), não foi encontrada diferença estatística entre os grupos. Os pacientes com comprometimento cognitivo utilizavam mais medicamentos que os demais (p=0,024). Encontrou-se correlação negativa entre as variáveis duração da TRE e número anual de internações (r= -0,504; p=0,007). Discussão/ Conclusões: Este é um dos primeiros estudos a avaliar aspectos relacionados à farmaconomia da TRE para as MPS. De acordo com os resultados obtidos na etapa 2, verifica-se que, desconsiderando-se o custo associado às infusões, o custo do tratamento de pacientes com MPS parece ser menor para aqueles pacientes que utilizam a TRE do que para os pacientes que fazem somente tratamento sintomático. Entretanto, de acordo com a etapa 1 do estudo, a TRE parece não impedir a evolução da doença, pelo menos em relação à MPS I, e, assim, a cada ano de vida do paciente ocorreria um incremento do custo associado ao tratamento. Estudos adicionais, com maior tamanho amostral, deverão ser realizados para confirmar nossos achados.
Introduction: The mucopolysaccharidoses type I (MPS I), II (MPS II) and VI (MPS VI) are lysosomal disorders (LSD) for which enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with laronidase, idursulfase and galsulfase, respectively, are available. Principal objective: To analyze the annual frequency of medical interventions (number of medical appointments, hospital admissions, surgical procedures, exams performed, medications prescribed, ancillary therapies and the use of medical devices) in a sample of Brazilian patients with MPS I, II and VI, and thus, contribute to the understanding of some pharmacoeconomic aspects related to these diseases. Methodology: Retrospective, exploratory, hospital-based study, based on medical records review, with convenience sampling, which was conducted in two steps (steps 1 and 2). A specific data collection instrument for both steps was designed by the study team, which is multidisciplinary. The chosen outcomes were: annual frequencies of medical interventions (medical appointments, exams, surgical procedures, hospital admissions, medications used and ancillary therapies). Step 1 was a pre-experimental study conducted at the Medical Genetics Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (SGM-HCPA), and compared the variables of interest between the pre and post-ERT periods for the same group of patients. The patient inclusion criteria were: a biochemical diagnosis of MPS I and regular follow-up at SGM-HCPA since diagnosis; ERT for at least 1 year; no enrollment in any clinical trials involving ERT, and no history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Step 2 was a cross-sectional and multicentric estudy (Centers included: SGM-HCPA), the Department of Medical Genetics of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas - PUC-Campinas, and the Department of Pediatrics at Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro – UERJ, which compared the variables of interest between different groups of patients (those receiving and those not receiving ERT). For this step only data from 2010 were considered. The inclusion patient criteria were: a biochemical diagnosis of MPS I, II or VI; no enrollment in any clinical trials involving ERT, and no history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, to be on ERT for at least 12 months before the start of data collection or to undergo regular follow-up for at least 12 months before the start of data collection. Results: Step 1 – Nine MPS I patients (severe=3; attenuated phenotype=6) were included in the study with median age at diagnosis was 4.4 years. Only the number/year/patient of surgeries was found to be dependent on length of disease (p=0.0004) and on severity of phenotype (p=0.014). Regarding pre- and post-ERT comparisons, the variables for which a significant difference was detected (mean number/year/patient) were exams (pre-ERT, 10.2±2.7; post-ERT, 22.5±2.1; p=0.005) and hospital admissions (pre-ERT, 0.05±0.04; post-ERT, 0.30±0.11; p=0.013). For the other variables, no association was found. Step 2: Thirty-four patients with MPS I, II and VI were included (I=12, II=17, VI=5). From them, 27 on ERT (“ERT group”) and 7 receiving supportive care only (“non-ERT group”). There were no significant correlation between length of disease and any of the variables of interest. There were significant between-group differences in the median number of hospital admissions and surgical procedures, both of which were higher in the non-ERT group [1(0-2) vs. 0 (0-1), p=0,015; e 0 (0-2) vs. 0 (0-0), p=0,040, respectively]. There were no significant between-group differences when only children and adolescents (<18 years) were taken into account. Patients with cognitive involvement used more medications than the others (p=0.024). A correlation was detected between time on ERT and the hospital admissions variable (r= -0.504; p=0.007). Discussion/conclusions: This was one of the first studies to evaluate aspects related to pharmacoeconomics of ERT for MPS. According to the results of step 2, and not acknowledging the costs associated with recombinant enzyme infusions, patients with MPS who undergo ERT generate less cost to SUS than patients on symptomatic treatment. On the other hand, according to the results of step 1, ERT seems not to stop the disease progress, at least in respect to MPS I, and thus, for each year of a patient life occurred an increase in cost associated with treatment. Additional studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings.

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Nelson, John. "The mucopolysaccharidoses in Northern Ireland : a clinical, genetic and biochemical study." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357486.

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Bodet, Pierre-Edouard. "Recherche de biomarqueurs glucidiques de mucopolysaccharidoses et étude de la physiopathologie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE001/document.

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L’identification de biomarqueurs demeure un véritable défi pour les sciences analytiques et un enjeu majeur pour la recherche clinique. Les glycosaminoglycanes (GAGs) ont été identifiés comme biomarqueurs potentiels de mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), maladies génétiques rares et très souvent mortelles. Ces pathologies sont dues à une déficience en une des enzymes impliquées dans le catabolisme des GAGs. Le défaut enzymatique conduit à une accumulation de GAGs partiellement dégradés, et entraîne une neurodégénérescence pour les formes sévères de la pathologie. Les GAGs sont des polysaccharides polyanioniques complexes impliqués dans de nombreux processus physiologiques chez les mammifères. Leur étude demeure difficile en raison de leur hétérogénéité structurale, de leur faible biodisponibilité et du manque d'outils dédiés à leur analyse. Notre objectif a été de détecter et de quantifier ces composés à partir de fluides biologiques tels que l’urine et le liquide céphalo-rachidien, puis d’en élucider la structure par spectrométrie de masse. L’étude s’est focalisée sur la caractérisation d’oligosaccharides de type héparane sulfate (HS), biomarqueurs spécifiques de MPS à composante neurologique (MPS de type I, IIIB et IIIC) et responsables des atteintes du système nerveux central. Une stratégie expérimentale permettant l’extraction d’oligosaccharides de HS issus de fluides biologiques a été développée. Ainsi, la structure d’oligosaccharides sulfatés de HS urinaires, candidats biomarqueurs de MPS IIIB et IIIC, a pu être identifiée. Ces composés pourraient s’avérer utiles pour le diagnostic et le suivi de patients, notamment lors d’essais thérapeutiques. Des expériences in vitro d’exposition de différents types cellulaires du cerveau ont été menées afin d’établir la relation entre la structure des oligosaccharides accumulés et leurs effets neuropathologiques. Elles ont permis de mettre en évidence des processus cellulaires qui pourraient impliqués dans la neurodégénérescence et constituer de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques
The identification of biomarkers remains one of the main challenges for analytical sciences and a major stake for clinical research. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been identified as potential biomarkers of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) belonging to rare genetic diseases with often a deadly issue. These pathologies are due to a deficiency in one of the enzymes responsible for GAGs catabolism. This enzymatic defect results in the accumulation of partially catabolized GAGs in organism and leads to neurodegeneration for the most severe forms of the disease. GAGs are complex polyanionic polysaccharides involved in numerous physiological processes in mammals. Their study remains a challenging task because of their high structural heterogeneity and their low biodisponibility, besides the lack of dedicated analytical tools. Our aim was to detect and quantify these compounds in biologic fluids such as urine and cerebrospinal fluid, and to elucidate their structures by mass spectrometry. This study focused on heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharides, as potential biomarkers of MPS featured by neurological manifestations (MPS I, IIIB and IIIC), and possibly responsible of lesions in the central nervous system. An experimental strategy allowing the extraction of HS oligosaccharides from biological fluids was implemented, thereby the structures of urinary heparan sulfate oligosaccharides were deciphered, leading to possible biomarkers candidates of MPS IIIB and IIIC. These compounds could be useful for diagnostic and patient follow-up that are currently lacking for the monitoring of therapeutic assays. In vitro exposition of different cerebral cell types to HS oligosaccharides was carried out to establish the relation between the structure of oligosaccharides and neuropathological effects. These studies highlighted several cellular processes that could be involved in neurodegeneration and constitute new therapeutic targets

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Lehtonen, Annukka. "Social functioning and behaviour in mucopolysaccharidosis type I and other developmental genetic disorders." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/social-functioning-and-behaviour-in-mucopolysaccharidosis-type-i-and-other-developmental-genetic-disorders(e048920a-f3b8-4a9d-aebf-349ee3da411f).html.

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This thesis investigates the behavioural phenotype, especially social functioning, in mucopolysaccharidosis type IH (MPS IH) and reviews research in social information processing in developmental genetic disorders in general. MPS IH is a developmental genetic disorder that causes severe physical symptoms and intellectual disabilities. Paper 1 presents a systematic literature review that aimed to review research on social information processing in genetic developmental disorders. Searches identified 23 articles and a quality assessment classified 15 of these as high quality. These articles were included in the review. The results showed that social information processing was impaired in sex chromosome aneuploidies, Turner syndrome, neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), and Williams syndrome (WS). The findings suggest that problems with social information processing are part of the phenotype of several different developmental genetic disorders. In addition, social outcomes were lower than those of control children or in comparison to norms in NF1, deletion syndromes and WS. Thus, it is important to consider the potential social impairment in children with developmental genetic disorders when planning the care of these children and their families. Paper 2 is an empirical study investigating the behavioural phenotype in MPS IH with particular focus on social functioning and sleep. Participants were 22 children with MPS IH (mean age 9 years 4 months). Nine control children with intellectual disabilities were recruited as well, but due to the small size of the control group, the scores of the children with MPS IH were compared to questionnaire norms instead of the control group. The results indicated that 23 percent of children with MPS IH scored in the severe range on social functioning difficulties. Thus, children with MPS IH were more than 30 times more likely to score in the severe range than typically developing children. Children with MPS IH did not exhibit significantly more behaviour problems, but they scored higher than the norms on social, thought and attention problems and rule-breaking behaviour. They were also markedly impaired in all the competence areas (social, activities, school). The results indicate that these problems are part of the behavioural phenotype in MPS IH. They should therefore be considered in the design of clinical care of individuals with MPS IH and their families in terms of support and follow-up and for example facilitation of ASD diagnoses where appropriate. Paper 3 is a critical appraisal and reflection on the research process of both the literature review and empirical study, considering issues such as the quality ratings used in the literature review and the reasons for the small control sample in the empirical study. The implications of the decision to use norms rather than the control group as a comparison are discussed. This paper also considers the significance of the findings for the research in the field and the clinical care provided to children with developmental genetic disorders, MPS IH especially.

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Hocquemiller, Michaël. "Anomalies intrinsèques des neurones corticaux dans le modèle murin de la mucopolysaccharidose IIIB." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T007.

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La maladie de Sanfilippo B ou mucopolysaccharidose B (MPSIIIB) est une maladie de surcharge lysosomale caractérisée par l'accumulation d'oligosaccharides d'héparan sulfates non dégradés suite à la déficience de l'enzyme N-acétyl-a-D-glucosaminidase (NaGlu). Les mécanismes responsables de l'atteinte du système nerveux, qui prédomine dans ce syndrome, sont mal connus. Cette étude menée sur des neurones corticaux du modèle murin de la MPSIIIB a montré : I) une accumulation de lysosomes distendus et immobiles dans les neurites liée à l'altération de la voie secrétaire précoce, II) une perte profonde de l'expression de la synaptophysine du à l'augmentation de sa dégradation par le protéasome, III) des anomalies de croissance des neurites en culture liées à la surexpression de la protéine GAP43. Ces anomalies intrinsèques pourraient rendre compte de l'altération de la plasticité neurale responsable des défauts de développement cognitif des enfants atteints et définir de nouveaux marqueurs pour cette maladie
Sanfilippo B disease or mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (MPSIIIB) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by accumulation of partialially degraded oligosaccharides derived from heparan sulfate due to the defect of the N-acetyl-a-D-glucosaminidase enzyme (NaGlu). Mechanisms representatives for the alteration of the nervous system, which predominates in this syndrom, are poorly known. This study which was conducted on cortical neurons of the mouse model of MPSIIIB showed : I) accumulation of immobile and swollen lysosomes linked to the impairment of the early secretory pathway II) a strongly lost of synaptophysin expression linked to its enhanced degradation by the proteasome, III) neurites outgrowth abnormalities in culture linked to GAP43 overexpression. These intrinsic abnormalities could reflect the alteration of the neural plasticity responsible for defects in cognitive development of affected childrens and define new markers for this disease

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Bellesso, Stefania. "Deregulated FGF signaling substantially contributes to early osteogenic defects in Mucopolysaccharidosis type II." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424774.

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FGF signaling is a key pathway strictly involved in many stages of ossification and gain of function mutations of many FGF pathway components have been associated with bone diseases like craniosynostosis and chondrodysplasia. The fine-tuning of the FGF signaling pathway is achieved at different levels, both intracellularly and by extracellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which play a critical role in ligand and receptor binding. In this work, I show that the deficiency of iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS), which is involved in GAGs catabolism, perturbs FGF signaling leading to early bone defects before the onset of evident massive GAGs storage. A defective IDS activity causes a rare lysosomal storage disease called Mucopolysaccharidosis type II, in which skeletal abnormalities represent one of the major disabling aspects. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the currently available therapeutic option, which, however, suffer from limited efficacy. To better elucidate early alterations of bone development occurring in MPSII, I took advantage of the zebrafish model, given its easy genetic manipulation and the evolutionary conserved mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating bone formation. In particular, I generated zebrafish models for MPSII, using a morpholino-based knock down technology and CRISPR/Cas9 technique, respectively. Using different approaches, including in situ hybridization and transgenesis, I demonstrated that the altered IDS function affects the expression of key FGF signaling markers and bone differentiation markers at early life stages, before any massive glycosaminoglycans accumulation is detectable. The involvement of the FGF signaling downstream to the IDS loss of function was also detected in cranial and appendicular bones of IDS knockout mice and in Hunter patient fibroblasts. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that in MPSII an early FGF signaling impairment, due to IDS deficit, may cause a dysregulated expression of genes involved in bone development before the occurrence of lysosomal GAGs accumulation.
La via di segnale FGF è una importante pathway coinvolta in diverse fasi dell’osteogenesi e mutazioni che colpiscono componenti di questa via sono associate a diverse malattie umane come le craniosinostosi e le condrodisplasie. La regolazione della via di segnale FGF avviene a diversi livelli, sia con meccanismi intracellulari che tramite l’interazione con i glicosaminoglicani (GAGs) presenti nella matrice extracellulare, i quali possiedono un ruolo critico nell’interazione fra ligando e recettore. In questo lavoro viene dimostrato che alterazioni nella funzionalità dell’enzima iduronato 2-sulfatasi (IDS), coinvolto nel catabolismo dei GAGs, sono responsabili dell’alterazione della via di segnale FGF. La mancata o deficitaria attività dell’enzima IDS è causa dell’insorgenza di una rara patologia da accumulo lisosomiale chiamata Mucopolisaccaridosi di tipo II, nella quale uno degli aspetti più disabilitanti è rappresentato da manifestazioni patologiche dell’apparato scheletrico. La terapia comunemente impiegata è la somministrazione dell’enzima ricombinante (Enzyme Replacement Therapy, ERT) che, pur determinando un miglioramento di una parte della sintomatologia, non risulta efficace, o comunque risulta scarsamente efficace, in distretti importanti come cuore e sistema scheletrico. Per lo studio della patogenesi molecolare della MPSII e la comprensione dei meccanismi patogenetici che inducono alterazioni precoci nello sviluppo osseo, è stato utilizzato lo zebrafish come modello. Zebrafish risulta infatti un buon modello perché semplice da manipolare geneticamente; inoltre, in esso, il controllo delle principali vie di segnale che regolano il suo sviluppo osseo è altamente conservato. Sono stati generati sia modelli transienti con l’utilizzo della tecnica oligo morfolino, sia un mutante stabile applicando il metodo Crispr/Cas9. Utilizzando diversi approcci sperimentali, comprese tecniche di ibridazione in situ e transgenesi, è stato dimostrato che la mancata funzionalità dell’IDS determina alterazioni nell’espressione di marcatori chiave della via di segnale FGF e della differenziazione ossea a stadi molto precoci, prima di un evidente accumulo di glicosaminoglicani nei tessuti. L’alterazione di questa pathway è stata osservata anche in campioni di ossa craniche e appendicolari di topi IDS-KO e in fibroblasti di pazienti Hunter. I risultati di questo studio suggeriscono dunque che nella MPSII disfunzioni dell’enzima IDS inducano, in fasi precoci, alterazioni nella regolazione della via di segnale FGF, che a loro volta possono essere responsabili dell’alterata espressione di geni coinvolti nello sviluppo osseo, prima che si verifichi l’accumulo dei GAGs nei lisosomi.

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DE, PONTI GIADA. "Exploring early therapeutic approaches in a Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) mouse model." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/382061.

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In questo progetto di dottorato, sono stati presi in considerazione alcuni punti cruciali relativi alla malattia Mucopolisaccaridosi di tipo I (MPSI) e ai limiti delle attuali terapie, per migliorarle concentrandosi su approcci in epoca neonatale, a livello di combinazione terapeutiche (HSCT e ERT) e di terapia genica, e su riduzione delle tossicità associate ai regimi di condizionamento. Complessivamente, le problematiche più significative riguardo MPSI rimangono la necessità di un intervento precoce e rapido, l’incompleta correzione della malattia in seguito agli attuali approcci terapeutici e gli effetti collaterali dovuti al regime di precondizionamento. La prima parte del progetto si è concentrata sul testare un approccio terapeutico che combinasse i trattamenti canonici per MPSI. È stata testata l'efficacia della combinazione di HSCT ed ERT nel modello murino di MPSI come intervento neonatale, per valutare i benefici aggiuntivi della terapia enzimatica effettuata in modo continuativo a seguito del trapianto di cellule da donatore. Tre opzioni di trattamento sono state confrontate dalla nascita, considerando la mancante attività enzimatica (IDUA), l’accumulo di GAG e di vacuoli nei principali organi viscerali, la risposta nei confronti di IDUA ricombinante e i miglioramenti di tipo scheletrico e cerebrale. Pertanto, un approccio combinato di HSCT ed ERT nel periodo neonatale potrebbe essere applicato per migliorare alcune manifestazioni cliniche di MPSI, soprattutto evitando danni irreversibili. La seconda parte del progetto di dottorato è stata svolta in collaborazione con TIGET-SR e il Prof. Alessandro Aiuti. Si è concentrato sulla sperimentazione di un approccio di terapia genica neonatale in un modello murino di MPSI, considerando l'importanza di correggere precocemente la malattia. In particolare, abbiamo valutato se questo trattamento terapeutico potesse essere applicato nei neonati MPSI e potesse essere una strategia efficace per superare i principali problemi clinici che permangono dopo il trattamento canonico. Abbiamo valutato l'effetto della terapia genica somministrata nei neonati affetti da MPSI, monitorando i valori di IDUA e VCN nel sangue periferico e considerando infine la mancante attività enzimatica (IDUA), l’accumulo di GAG e di vacuoli nei principali organi viscerali, la risposta nei confronti di IDUA ricombinante e i miglioramenti di tipo scheletrico e cerebrale. Contemporaneamente, abbiamo cercato di ridurre gli effetti collaterali causati dal regime di condizionamento nel contesto delle terapie neonatali per MPSI, come progetto parallelo. L’obiettivo principale è stato trasporre l'applicazione di ADC, molecole congiunte di anticorpo-farmaco, capaci di agire specificatamente sulla cellula, come condizionamento per il trattamento neonatale di MPSI, in cui un intervento precoce è fondamentale. Poiché nessuna delle opzioni testate è stata in grado di indurre un sufficiente attecchimento di cellule del donatore da essere rilevante per il trattamento precoce dell'MPSI, ne abbiamo ricercato le cause, dimostrando la necessità di ulteriori studi prima dell'applicazione degli ADC nel modello studiato, in quelli umanizzati e nei cuccioli di MPSI NSG. Analisi preliminari sono state effettuate relativamente all’aumento dei livelli di citochine dopo CD117-SAP nei topi NSG adulti, confrontandoli agli altri regimi di condizionamento, per valutare una possibile applicazione di ADC con farmaci antinfiammatori prima della terapia precoce nei cuccioli MPSI.
The present PhD project has taken into account critical issues around Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) and limitations of current therapies to further improve them, by generally focusing on neonatal therapeutic approaches, both in terms of combined HSCT and ERT and of gene therapy, and on trying to reduce the overall toxicities associated with pre-conditioning settings. Overall, the most important open issues regarding this rare life-threatening disorder are the need for a precocious and rapid intervention, the lack of complete disease correction after current therapeutic approaches and side effects due to pre-conditioning regiment. My PhD project partially focused on testing a combined approach of the current standard-of-cares for treating MPSI. HSCT and ERT combination efficacy was tested in a mouse model of MPSI as neonatal intervention, for evaluating additional benefits of continuous enzyme therapy after transplant of donor’s cells. We compared three treatment options starting from MPSI pups’ birth, considering IDUA deficient activity, GAGs storage and vacuoles in visceral organs, the immune response against the recombinant IDUA and skeletal and CNS ameliorations. Therefore, performing a combined approach of HSCT and ERT in the neonatal period could help improving some hard-to-treat MPSI manifestations. The second part of this PhD project was carried out in collaboration with TIGET-SR and Prof. Alessandro Aiuti. It was focused on testing a neonatal gene therapy approach in a mouse model of MPSI, considering the importance of an early phenotype correction. In particular, we evaluated if this early treatment could be applied in MPSI neonates and could be a successful strategy for overcoming the main clinical issues that still remain after current canonical HSCT treatment. We monitored peripheral blood of treated mice for 8 months in terms of enzymatic activity and VCN, and we evaluated the effect of GT performed in MPSI pups at endpoint, considering IDUA deficient activity, vector copies/genome, GAGs storage and vacuoles in visceral organs, the immune response against the recombinant IDUA and skeletal and CNS ameliorations. The last part of this PhD project was centered on trying to reduce the high morbidity and mortality due to the severe conditioning regimen in the context of neonatal MPSI therapies, as a side project. The main objective was to translate the application of hematopoietic cell–specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as conditioning for early MPSI treatment, in which a precocious intervention is crucial. Since none of the tested setting was able to induce enough engraftment of donor’s cells to be relevant for MPSI early treatment, we tried to understand what could interfere, but we demonstrated the need for further studies prior to ADCs application in humanised models and in MPSI NSG pups. Preliminary results on increased cytokines levels after CD117-SAP in adult NSG compared to other conditioning settings were performed to evaluate impairment of inflammation and possible ADC application with anti-inflammatory drugs prior to early therapy in MPSI pups.

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Motas, Mallol Sandra. "Gene therapy for the treatment of neurologic and somatic mucopolysaccharidosis type II (hunter syndrome)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/390961.

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La Mucopolisacaridosis tipus II (MPSII), o síndrome de Hunter, és una malaltia d’acumulació lisosòmica d’herència recessiva lligada al cromosoma X i està causada per la deficiència de l’Iduronat-2-sulfatasa (IDS), enzim que actua en la via de degradació dels glicosaminoglicans (GAGs) heparan sulfat (HS) i dermatan sulfat (DS). Aquests GAGs no degradats s’acumulen als lisosomes de manera patològica, causant disfunció cel·lular. La forma més severa i també més prevalent de la MPSII es caracteritza per una neurodegeneració crònica i progressiva del sistema nerviós central (SNC) acompanyada de disfunció multisistèmica. Com a conseqüència, els pacients de MPSII solen morir durant la segona dècada de vida. Actualment, la única opció terapèutica disponible pels pacients amb Hunter és la teràpia de substitució enzimàtica (TSE), la qual consisteix en la infusió setmanal de l’enzim recombinant. No obstant, degut a la presència de la barrera hemato-encefàlica, la TSE no és efectiva en la correcció del deteriorament neurològic, a més de presentar altres inconvenients. Per tant, el desenvolupament d’una teràpia eficient pel tractament de la patologia neurodegenerativa característica de la MPSII és una necessitat mèdica no coberta. La teràpia gènica in vivo basada en l’administració de vectors virals derivats dels virus adeno-associat (AAV) representa una alternativa atractiva pel tractament d’aquesta malaltia, ja que ofereix la possibilitat d’obtenir benefici terapèutic de per vida després d’una única administració del producte terapèutic. Així doncs, la present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el desenvolupament d’una estratègia de teràpia gènica per a la MPSII basada en l’administració de vectors directe al líquid cefaloraquidi (LCR) amb la finalitat de tractar simultàniament tant la patologia neurologia com la somàtica de la malaltia. Mitjançant un procediment poc invasiu, es van administrar vectors AAV de serotip 9 (AAV9) que contenien el gen murí Ids (AAV9-Ids) al LCR de ratolins MPSII de 2 mesos d’edat, els quals ja presentaven una patologia ben establerta tant a nivell del SNC com a nivell somàtic. Transcorreguts 4 i 8 mesos després de l’administració, es va avaluar l’eficàcia del tractament en contrarestar la patologia de la MPSII. A nivell del SNC, l’augment d’activitat enzimàtica IDS obtinguda mitjançant el tractament va donar lloc a la completa correcció de les lesions lisosomals característiques a la MPSII. El tractament també va donar lloc a la correcció de la disfunció lisosomal del SNC, a la normalització de l’expressió gènica del cervell i a la eradicació de la neuroinflamació característica de la malaltia. A més, mitjançant l’administració al LCR, vectors AAV9-Ids també van transduir el fetge, convertit aquest òrgan en una font de la proteïna terapèutica a nivell perifèric. En conseqüència, l’enzim IDS produït al fetge de ratolins MPSII tractats va donar lloc a la correcció de la patologia somàtica. A més, la reversió de la patologia observada en aquells teixits somàtics no transduits pel vector AAV9-Ids va evidenciar el mecanisme de correcció creuada aconseguit mitjançant l’enzim IDS circulant. A banda d’aquests efectes, el tractament també va comportar una normalització de les alteracions de comportament característiques de la malaltia, així com també un augment significatiu de la supervivència dels ratolins MPSII. L’eficàcia obtinguda mitjançant l’administració de vectors AAV9 que contenien la seqüència codificant humana IDS també es va avaluar en ratolins MPSII. Després de 1,5 mesos de tractament, es va observar un increment en l’activitat IDS al cervell, fetge i sèrum, fet que va donar lloc a la correcció del contingut de GAGs tant a nivell del SNC com a nivell somàtic. Conjuntament, els resultats obtinguts en aquest treball recolzen la translació clínica de l’aproximació de teràpia gènica basada en l’administració al LCR de vectors AAV9-IDS pel tractament de pacients de Hunter amb afectació neurològica.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII), or Hunter syndrome, is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by the deficiency in Iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), an enzyme involved in the stepwise degradation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). The pathological accumulation of undegraded HS and DS in the lysosomes leads to cell dysfunction, causing severe neurologic and somatic disease. The most severe and most prevalent form of Hunter syndrome is characterized by chronic and progressive neurodegeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) and multisystem dysfunction; patients usually die during the second decade of life. To date, weekly intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) constitutes the only approved therapeutic option for MPSII. However, the inability of recombinant IDS to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the efficacy of ERT in treating neurological symptoms. The therapy has several other drawbacks. Thus, an efficient therapy for the treatment of the neurodegeneration of MPSII disease represents a highly unmet medical need. In vivo gene therapy with adeno-associated vectors offers the possibility of lifelong therapeutic benefit following a single administration. Therefore, the present work was focused on the development of a new gene therapy approach for MPSII based on the delivery of vectors to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and aimed at counteracting simultaneously the neurological and somatic pathology characteristic of the disease. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vectors (AAV9) containing the murine Ids gene were administered through a minimal invasive procedure to the CSF of 2-month-old MPSII mice, which already presented established pathology. The efficacy of AAV9-Ids vectors to counteract MPSII pathology after a single intra-CSF injection was evaluated 4 and 8 months after treatment. AAV9-mediated Ids gene transfer led to a significant increase in IDS activity throughout the encephalon, which resulted in full reversion of lysosomal storage lesions. In addition, correction of lysosomal dysfunction in the CNS, normalization of brain transcriptomic signature and disappearance of neuroinflammation were achieved after gene transfer. Moreover, after AAV9-Ids delivery to the CSF, vectors also transduced the liver, providing a peripheral source of the therapeutic protein that corrected storage pathology in visceral organs of treated MPSII mice. The reversion of the pathology in non-transduced somatic organs provided evidence of cross-correction by circulating enzyme. Importantly, AAV9-Ids treatment also resulted in normalization of behavioural deficits and considerably prolonged the survival of treated MPSII mice. The efficacy of the intra-CSF administration of AAV9 vectors containing the human IDS coding sequence was also evaluated in MPSII mice. One and a half months after gene transfer, a significant increase in IDS activity was documented throughout the encephalon, an in the liver and serum of treated MPSII mice. Consequently, pathological GAG content was reduced, or even normalized, in the CNS and in most somatic tissues of MPSII mice that received the vectors. Altogether, the results obtained in the present work provide a strong proof of concept that supports the clinical translation of the intra-CSF AAV9-IDS gene therapy for the treatment of Hunter patients with cognitive impairment.

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Sorrentino, Nicolina Cristina. "Systemic AAV-mediated gene therapy approach to treat CNS pathology in Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594745.

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Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS-IIIA) is a severe neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and caused by sulfamidase deficiency. Using somatic gene transfer, we demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of a novel low-invasive gene therapy approach to treat the brain pathology in MPS-IIIA. The therapeutic strategy is based on a chimeric sulfamidase engineered with both the signal peptide (sp) from the highly secreted iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) linked to its N-terminal end and the blood-brain barrier (BBB)-binding domain of apolipoproteinB (ApoB-BO) linked to its C-terminal end. These modifications allow the enzyme (i) to be highly secreted from the liver and (ii) to efficiently cross the BBB. A single intravascular administration of vectors, based on adena-associated virus (AAV) serotype 8, was performed in one-month old MPS-IIIA mice to efficiently target the liver and convert it in a factory organ for sustained systemic release of high levels of the modified sulfamidase. We show that while the 10Ssp replacement results in higher enzyme secretion, the addition of the ApoB-BO allows efficient BBB transcytosis and restoration of sulfamidase activity in the brain of treated MPS-IIIA mice to ~ 12-15% of the normal levels. This, in turn, results in reduction of pathological vacuolization,

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Angermann, Alexandra [Verfasser], and Thorsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Schinke. "Skelettale Charakterisierung eines murinen Modells für Mucopolysaccharidose Typ VI / Alexandra Angermann ; Betreuer: Thorsten Schinke." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168380952/34.

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Meyer, Ann [Verfasser], and Kurt [Akademischer Betreuer] Ullrich. "Der natürliche Verlauf der Mucopolysaccharidose Typ III (M. Sanfilippo) / Ann Meyer. Betreuer: Kurt Ullrich." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1030365040/34.

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Mahon, Louise. "Objective assessment of sleep in neurodevelopmental disorders : a study of children with mucopolysaccharidosis type III." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/objective-assessment-of-sleep-in-neurodevelopmental-disorders-a-study-of-children-with-mucopolysaccharidosis-type-iii(35869dbd-15ba-44d7-a710-72adb2b04cd3).html.

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This thesis, which focuses on sleep disturbance in people with neurodevelopmental disabilities, is divided into three sections. Paper one is a systematic review of the extant literature on objective studies of sleep in neurodevelopmental genetic disorders. Twenty papers met inclusion criteria and were subject to quality assessment, of which five were found to be high-quality, thirteen were medium-quality and two were low-quality. Studies were grouped by disorder and although there was some disparity across investigations, generally there was agreement about specific sleep difficulties in each disorder which seem to be part of the behavioural phenotypes. Overall a lack of total sleep, diminished REM sleep, and fragmented, less efficient sleep are prevalent across the disorders. Paper two is an empirical study which employed actigraphy to assess sleep in children with mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III) and typically developing children. Parents completed a sleep diary, a sleep questionnaire and took saliva samples from their child. Actigraphic findings showed that MPS III patients had lengthened sleep onset latencies and greater daytime sleep than controls, but night-time sleep duration was within the normal range. In the MPS III group, some sleep problems correlated with age and progression of the disorder. Analysis of saliva samples revealed that children with MPS III had abnormal melatonin concentrations. Questionnaire responses demonstrated that children with MPS III had more sleep difficulties in all domains compared to controls. Implications for the management of sleep difficulties are discussed. Paper three is a critical appraisal of the research process which includes personal reflections on designing and conducting this research and a discussion of the principal issues which arose. Strengths and limitations of the research, ideas for further research and implications for clinical practice are considered.

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Mauri, Victor [Verfasser]. "Trehalose mediated enhancement of glycosaminoglycan degradation in the lysosomal storage disorder Mucopolysaccharidosis III / Victor Mauri." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047324342/34.

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Yamashita, Takafumi. "C-type natriuretic peptide restores growth impairment under enzyme replacement in mice with mucopolysaccharidosis VII." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/258994.

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AZARIO, ISABELLA MARIA REBECCA. "Neonatal transplantation of umbilical cord blood as a new therapeutic option for Mucopolysaccharidosis type I." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199019.

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Lo scopo di questo progetto è stato lo sviluppo preclinico di una nuova terapia per la Mucopolisaccaridosi di tipo I (MPS-I): il trapianto di cellule staminali da sangue del cordone ombelicale, eseguito in epoca neonatale. L’MPS-I è una rara malattia lisosomiale dovuta a mutazioni nel gene IDUA, che codifica per l’enzima lisosomiale α-L-iduronidasi (IDUA). L’assenza di attività iduronidasica provoca l’accumulo di glicosaminoglicani nei tessuti, causando una disfunzione multi-organo progressiva e, in particolare, gravi anomalie scheletriche. La terapia d’elezione per la MPS-I è il trapianto di cellule staminali ematopoietiche (HSCT) da donatore sano, che riduce l’accumulo dei substrati e attenua molte manifestazioni cliniche, ma non è del tutto efficace sulle anomalie ossee. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è stato quello di testare nel modello murino di MPS-I l’efficacia di una nuova strategia trapiantologica, che combinava l’intervento precoce (neonatale) e l’uso del sangue del cordone ombelicale come fonte. Infatti, è stato deciso di trattare gli animali nel periodo peri-natale, per prevenirne le manifestazioni fenotipiche, e di impiegare il sangue cordonale come fonte di cellule da trapiantare, perché il trapianto cordonale in clinica dà diversi vantaggi rispetto al trapianto di midollo osseo, in particolare in questi pazienti. Il primo risultato ottenuto in questo lavoro è stata la caratterizzazione delle proprietà fenotipiche e funzionali delle cellule cordonali murine. E’ stato poi eseguito il trapianto di tali cellule in topi adulti wild type (WT) C57BL/6: si è ottenuto un buon attecchimento a lungo termine ed è stata verificata la presenza di cellule di origine del donatore in tutti i lineages ematopoietici. Infine, è stato valutato l’esito del trapianto neonatale di cellule cordonali nei topi MPS-I: si è ottenuto un aumento di attività IDUA negli organi periferici dei topi MPS-I con attecchimento elevato (>50%), e una conseguente riduzione dei livelli di glicosaminoglicani. Il fenotipo scheletrico dei topi a 20 settimane d’età è stato dettagliatamente descritto tramite indagini radiografiche, microCT e istologiche. Le radiografie hanno rivelato che, mentre nei topi MPS-I non trattati si aveva un generale ispessimento osseo rispetto ai WT, nei topi affetti con elevato attecchimento questa anomalia non si riscontrava. Le analisi microCT e istologiche hanno dimostrato che la porzione corticale del femore dei topi MPS-I presentava irregolarità che erano invece ridotte nei topi trattati con alto attecchimento. Questi dati confermano che il trapianto neonatale di cellule del cordone ombelicale risulta una terapia efficace nel modello murino di MPS-I. In collaborazione con il Prof. Aiuti presso l’Ospedale San Raffaele-Tiget, è stato intrapreso un nuovo progetto di ricerca con lo scopo di correggere geneticamente le cellule di cordone ombelicale per ottenere livelli sovra-fisiologici di espressione dell’enzima IDUA. L’obiettivo è quello di trasdurre cellule di cordone murino MPS-I con un vettore lentivirale PGK-IDUA e di trapiantare le cellule così corrette in topi MPS-I neonati. Verificheremo se sarà possibile ottenere nei riceventi livelli di attività enzimatica più alti che nel trapianto di cellule WT, e se l’esito della terapia genica sarà quindi ancora migliore. Finora, abbiamo sviluppato una procedura per isolare dal sangue cordonale murino le cellule ematopoietiche staminali e progenitrici, che sono state in grado di ripopolare topi C57BL/6 adulti e neonati. A questo punto verranno effettuate le prime prove di infezione con vettori lentivirali GFP e IDUA su tali cellule, per trovare le migliori condizioni per il loro trapianto nei neonati MPS-I. Questi risultati potrebbero aprire la strada verso lo sviluppo di un approccio di terapia genica neonatale con cellule di cordone ombelicale geneticamente corrette nei pazienti MPS-I.
The aim of this PhD project was the preclinical testing of a new possible therapeutic option for Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I): the transplantation of umbilical cord blood (UCB) in neonatal age. MPS-I is a rare lysosomal disease due to mutations in the IDUA gene, which encodes for the lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). The absence of IDUA activity leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in patients’ tissues, which causes a progressive multi-organ dysfunction, with a wide spectrum of skeletal anomalies. The first-choice therapy for MPS-I is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from healthy donor, because it reduces the accumulation of substrates and it solves many clinical symptoms, but this treatment is not very effective on the skeletal defects. The aim of this thesis was to test in the murine model a novel transplantation strategy for MPS-I, combining early (neonatal) intervention and the use of murine UCB as a source. Indeed, we decided to treat our mouse model at early age, in order to prevent the anomalies, and to employ UCB cells (UCBCs) as a source for transplantation, because UCB transplantation (UCBT) has shown advantages over bone marrow transplantation in patients suffering from inherited metabolic disorders. The first result of this work was the characterization of the phenotypical and functional properties of murine hematopoietic UCBCs compared to adult bone marrow cells. Then, adult wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with UCBCs, and they reached good long-term engraftment levels, with the presence of cells of donor origin among all the hematopoietic lineages. Finally, the outcome of UCBT on neonatally-transplanted MPS-I mice was evaluated: an increase of IDUA activity was evident in the peripheral organs of high-engrafted MPS-I mice (engraftment >50%), and, consequently, GAG levels reduced. An extensive characterization of the skeletal phenotype was performed by radiographs, microCT, and histology. Radiographic images showed that MPS-I untreated mice had increased radio-opacity and diameter of the bones at 20 weeks of age, compared to WT, and these parameters were reduced in high-engrafted mice. MicroCT scans and histomorphometry revealed that the cortical region of MPS-I femurs appeared irregular, and returned to normal in treated mice with high-engraftment, confirming the benefit of neonatal UCBT on MPS-I mice. In collaboration with Alessandro Aiuti’s group at Ospedale San Raffaele-Tiget (Telethon Institute for gene therapy), a new project started with the aim of gene-correcting murine UCBCs to obtain a supra-physiological expression of IDUA enzyme. The goal is to transduce MPS-I murine UCBCs with a PGK-IDUA lentiviral vector, and to transplant gene-corrected cells into MPS-I newborns. We will verify if we can obtain in the recipients higher levels of IDUA activity than transplanting WT UCBCs, and if the outcome of gene therapy could be better than the one obtained with normal UCBCs. A method was developed to isolate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from murine UCB and to culture them for lentiviral infection. WT untransduced UCB-HSPCs engrafted WT adult and newborn mice at high levels. We are now in the process of testing the GFP and IDUA vector on MPS-I UCBCs, to set the best conditions for their transplantation in MPS-I neonates. These results will hopefully pave the way for developing a neonatal gene therapy approach with lentivirally-corrected UCB cells in MPS-I babies.

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38

Millat, Gilles. "Déficit en iduronate sulfatase : correction de cellules déficitaires et études fonctionnelles de mutants." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T237.

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39

Tam, You-Cheuk. "The role of mucopolysaccharidase-producing anaerobic oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72044.

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Mucopolysaccharidase-producing oral bacteria may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease in several ways. Bacterial mucopolysaccharidases, in the area of the gingival crevice, can destroy important components of the ground substance of connective tissue leading to periodontal destruction on the one hand and enhancing the spread of bacterial toxins on the other. Partial breakdown of proteoglycan due to penetration of small amounts of these enzymes may also expose cryptic antigenic determinants, resulting in destructive autoimmune reactions. Finally, mucopolysaccharidase-producing oral bacteria may interact symbiotically with other pathogens of the gingival sulcus by enzymatic breakdown of tissue to release fermentable substrates for these pathogens.
In the present investigation, it has been shown that anaerobic mucopolycaccharidase-producing bacteria are common inhabitants of gingival sulci of humans and that these microorganisms significantly increase in number in periodontal pockets of patients with inflammatory periodontal disease. Peptostreptococci probably are the most predominant producers of mucopolysaccharidases by virtue of their occurrence in subgingival plaque as well as the abundance of enzyme they produce. Peptostreptococci strains isolated from diseased periodontal pockets have been observed to convert from rough-colony-forming cells to smooth-colony-forming variants upon culturing in vitro. In dental plaque, hyaluronidase-producing peptostreptococci exist predominantly as the rough-colony-forming variants which produce higher amounts of hyaluronidase. Purified extracellular hyaluronidase from Peptostreptococcus strain 84H14S is different from previously reported bacterial hyaluronidases in several respects. It has different substrate specificity and optimum pH for activity. Also, the specific activity of this enzyme is much higher than any previously purified mucopolysaccharidases. Peptostreptococcus strain 84H14S is further shown to release potent cytotoxic factors into the culture medium, in addition to hyaluronidase, during its growth cycle. This may confer additional virulence to this bacterial genus in periodontal disease.

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Richard, Magali. "Approches thérapeutiques non virales dans les modèles murins de mucopolysaccharidoses de type IIIA et VII." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066502.

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Les mucopolysaccharidoses de type IIIA et de type VII sont des maladies de surcharge lysosomale dues à un déficit enzymatique en sulfamidase et en β-glucuronidase respectivement, et caractérisées par une accumulation de glycosaminoglycanes dans de nombreux organes notamment dans le cerveau. Pour ces maladies, aucun traitement n’est actuellement efficace, et la thérapie génique représente une approche thérapeutique prometteuse. Nous avons évalué plusieurs approches de transfert de gène non viral dans les modèles murins de ces deux maladies et montré le potentiel de l’approche par injection hydrodynamique de plasmide contenant le gène codant l’enzyme déficiente. Cette approche dans le modèle MPS VII a permis une correction du déficit enzymatique et des anomalies biochimiques dans de nombreux organes, dont le cerveau. D’autres travaux ont visé à améliorer l’efficacité de cette approche thérapeutique. Nous avons montré que l'inhibition (par ARN interférence) des récepteurs au mannose-6-phosphate, responsables de l' adressage des enzymes lysosomales permett d'augementer la sécrétion de l'enzyme in vitro. Pour améliorer l’efficacité et la biosécurité du transfert de gène, un plasmide optimisé (le pFAR) a été développé et validé, et des promoteurs tissu-spécifiques ont été validés in vivo. D’autres approches thérapeutiques utilisant des petites molécules ont été développées pour agir surl’inflammation dans le cerveau des souris MPS IIIA et une stratégie d’inhibition de synthèse de substrat par des isoflavones, testée sur fibroblastes de patients MPS IIIA et MPSVII. En parallèle, nous avons identifié des biomarqueurs de la neuropathologie de la MPS VII.

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Yogalingam, Gouri. "Molecular characterisation of feline MPS VI and evaluation of gene therapy /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phy54.pdf.

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42

Sergijenko, Ana. "Improved lentiviral vectors for haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy of Mucopolysaccaridosis type IIIA." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:176449.

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Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is caused by mutations in the N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase (SGSH) gene, leading to cellular accumulation of heparan sulphate and progressive neurodegeneration in patients. One of the proposed treatment methods is haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy, which should result in an excess of SGSH produced in the peripheral organs and brain. The pre-clinical feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by our group in a mouse model of MPS IIIA. However, the overall efficiency of this method was limited and a number of approaches to solving these issues were addressed in this project in order to bring this therapy closer to clinical application. Our first aim was to optimise transduction of HSCs using cytokines, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and chemicals, such as MG132, genistein and valproic acid. Addition of BSA with cytokines improved cell viability, addition of MG132/ BSA/ cytokines improved transduction, but also caused cellular toxicity, while addition of genistein was inefficient. Addition of valproic acid with cytokines resulted in increased number of colony forming units. Next, we generated clinically applicable third generation pCCL lentiviral vector backbones with the eGFP reporter gene driven by one of ubiquitous hPGK or myeloid specific hCD11b and hCD18 internal human promoters, and optimised production of lentiviral vectors to increase titre and reduce production cost. These lentiviral vectors were used to transduce lineage depleted HSCs and transplanted into WT mice. Full chimerism and over 80% transduction were achieved with an average of 5 vector copy numbers/ cell. The hCD11b promoter resulted in the highest eGFP expression in monocytes and B cells in blood, but was weaker than the hPGK in T cells. The hCD18 promoter was more monocyte-specific but weak. Significant numbers of GFP-positive microglial cells were present in the brain from all groups, with an average of 25% transduced CD11b-positive cells in perfused mice. We subsequently codon-optimised (CO) the SGSH gene significantly improving enzyme activity, and transduced lineage depleted WT cells with one of hCD18.SGSH-CO, hCD11b.SGSH-CO, or hPGK.SGSH-CO lentiviral vectors, or MPS IIIA cells with either hCD11b.SGSH-CO or hPGK.SGSH-CO lentiviral vectors. These transduced cells were transplanted into MPS IIIA mice and outcomes were measured 6 months later. Only treatment with the hCD11b.SGSH-CO-LV transduced WT or MPS IIIA HSCs corrected abnormal behaviour of MPS IIIA mice. However, all treatments resulted in complete GAG storage clearance in the periphery and brain, and significantly elevated enzyme activity in the brain, liver and spleen to 7-11%, 60-75%, and 170-250% of WT enzyme activity respectively. A fine threshold of over 8.6% brain enzyme activity appeared to be required for behavioural correction in MPS IIIA mice. Further assessment of treated mice for the amount of secondary storage, HS sulphation patterning, neuroinflammation and longevity are still required for complete therapeutic assessment. However, it appears that neurological correction of the MPS IIIA mouse using MPS IIIA cells is feasible using a clinically-relevant pCCL vector with the hCD11b promoter and the codon-optimised SGSH gene.

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Froissart, Roseline. "Maturation normale de l'iduronate-2-sulfatase dans les fibroblastes humains." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T204.

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44

Ciron, Carine. "Transfert de gène dans le système nerveux central à l'aide de vecteurs recombinants dérivés de l'Adeno-associated virus dans un modèle canin de mucopolysaccharidose de type I et chez le primate." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=508fe6d0-7933-408e-b2a8-d5e3b7bc6d28.

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Les vecteurs dérivés de l'adéno-associated virus sont particulièrement attractifs pour un transfert de gène à long terme dans le SNC. La mucopolysaccharidose de type I est une maladie de surcharge lysosomale. La forme la plus sévère est caractérisée par des atteintes neurologiques graves pour lesquelles aucun traitement efficace n’existe. Nous avons évalué le transfert de gène médié par un vecteur AAVr 5 dans le SNC d’un modèle canin MPS I. Quatre injections stéréotaxiques permettent une diffusion du vecteur dans la totalité du SNC avec une correction des lésions de surcharge et des désordres biochimiques. L’efficacité de transduction des sérotypes d’AAV dans le SNC étant principalement évaluée chez les rongeurs, nous avons étudié le profil de transduction de 3 sérotypes d’AAVr : AAVr 1, 2 et 5 dans le SNC de primates. L’AAVr 1 permet le transfert de gène le plus efficace dans le SNC de primates. Ces études confirment la faisabilité du transfert de gène dans le SNC d’animaux de grande taille
Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) are nonpathogenic for humans and allow for the long term expression of transgenes in the central nervous systeme (CNS). Mucopolysaccaridosis type I is a lysomal storage disorder. The most severe form of MPS I is characterised by severe neuronal symptoms. We evaluated the efficacy of gene replacement therapy into the CNS of a canine model of MPS I using an rAAV5 vector. Four stereotaxic injections prevented glycoaminoglycan and secondary ganglioside accumulations. The pattern of transduction of AAV serotypes has been described predominantly in rodents. In addition to this study, we evaluated the transduction pattern of three AAV serotypes after intracerebral injection in the CNS of nonhuman primates: rAAV1, rAAV2, and rAAV5. RAAV1 seems to be the most efficient serotype in the CNS of nonhuman primates. In these studies, we have shown the feasibility of gene therapy with AAV vectors in the brain of large animal models

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Sachot, Sylvain. "Étude du trans-épissage comme outil de thérapie génique dans le modèle canin de la mucopolysaccharidose de type VII." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=aa099ce6-00b8-4284-84b9-e794ed82ede9.

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Parmi les stratégies correctives en thérapie génique, le trans-épissage permet de remplacer, au niveau de l'ARN pré-messager, une séquence mutante par une séquence normale exogène portée par un « PTM » dans une réaction contrôlée par le spliceosome. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué la faisabilité du trans-épissage dans le modèle canin de la mucopolysaccharidose de type VII. Nous avons testé différents PTM, de même que différentes molécules adjuvantes, le snRNAU7 et les ARN bifonctionnels. Nos résultats montrent que dans un système minigène, le trans-épissage permet la reprogrammation de l’ARN pré-messager ß-glucuronidase, détectable au niveau moléculaire comme au niveau protéique. Cependant, les choses sont beaucoup plus compliquées dans un environnement naturel. Les PTM sont ici capables d'interagir avec leur cible, mais l'efficacité de la réaction est le facteur limitant le plus critique. Ainsi, s'il a pu être possible de détecter des ARN messagers « trans-épissés », notamment en présence du snRNA U7 et des ARN bifonctionnels, nous n'avons jamais été en mesure de détecter de protéine issue de la réaction de trans-épissage dans cet environnement. Cette étude, ainsi que d'autres, pointent la difficulté de manipulation du trans-épissage dans les protocoles de thérapie génique
Among corrective strategies in gene therapy, trans-splicing allows the reprogramming, at the pre-messenger RNA level, of a mutant sequence by an exogenous and normal sequence carried by a « PTM » in a reaction controlled by the spliceosome. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of trans-splicing in the canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis VII. We tested different PTM and different adjuvant molecules, the U7 snRNA and the bifunctional RNA. Our results show that in an artificial minigene context, trans-splicing allows the reprogramming of the GusB transcript, as seen at the molecular and at the protein levels. However, things are more difficult in the natural context. In this environment, PTM are able to react with their target, but the efficiency is the major limiting factor. Thus, even if it was possible to detect trans-splicing resulting transcript, particularly in the presence of the U7 snRNA and of the bifunctional RNA, we could not detect trans-splicing resulting protein in this environment. This study, like others, points the difficulty to manipulate trans-splicing in the gene therapy protocols

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46

Ciron, Carine Moullier Philippe Colle Marie-Anne. "Transfert de gène dans le système nerveux central à l'aide de vecteurs recombinants dérivés de l'Adeno-associated virus dans un modèle canin de mucopolysaccharidose de type I et chez le primate." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=38056.

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47

Dierenfeld, Ashley Dawn. "Enzyme replacement therapy treatment from birth increases therapeutic efficacy and generates tolerance to enzyme in canine mucopolysaccharidosis type I." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1473198.

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48

Mumford, Rachel Anne. "Circadian rhythms, sleep and behaviour in intellectual and developmental disabilities : a systematic review of sleep and challenging behaviour and actigraphic assessment of circadian functioning in MPS III (Sanfilippo syndrome)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/circadian-rhythms-sleep-and-behaviour-in-intellectual-and-developmental-disabilities-a-systematic-review-of-sleep-and-challenging-behaviour-and-actigraphic-assessment-of-circadian-functioning-in-mps-iii-sanfilippo-syndrome(a42b0492-2049-4cf6-9eae-8a7c6fdcf36a).html.

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Sleep disturbance and behavioural difficulties are both prevalent problems in the intellectual and developmental disability population and can have a significant impact on quality of life for the individual and their family. This thesis investigated sleep, behaviour and circadian rhythm functioning in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and is presented in three sections. The first two papers have been prepared in accordance with the author guidelines of the journals proposed for submission, excluding tables and figures for ease of reading. The first paper is a systematic review of the literature examining the relationship between sleep disturbance and challenging behaviour in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. 15 studies were included in the review and overall there were consistent findings of an association between the presence of sleep disruption and increased behavioural difficulties. A causal relationship could not be inferred due to the cross-sectional methodology of studies. Other factors, such as parental wellbeing, child level of intellectual disability and comorbidity of physical health conditions, need to be considered to understand the complexity of this relationship. Children with the neurodevelopmental disorder mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III or Sanfilippo syndrome) present with high rates of sleep disturbance and challenging behaviour. The second paper investigates circadian rhythm functioning and activity levels in children with MPS III, compared to typically developing controls. Objective measurement of circadian rhythm and activity levels was obtained through actigraphic recording for 7-10 days. Children with MPS III had increased fragmentation of circadian rhythm, less stability of rhythm in relation to external cues and a differential pattern of activity across the day compared to controls. Overall, results were indicative of a disruption of circadian rhythm function in children with MPS III. The implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. The third paper provides a critical appraisal of the overall research process, including further consideration of the strengths and limitations, implications for clinical practice, wider context of the research and personal reflections. An account of the project that was originally proposed with the MPS III population is also presented, alongside reflections on its termination.

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Madoui, Abdelmadjid. "Contribution à l'étude des modifications de la prostate provoquées par certains anabolisants (Acetate de trenbolone, Zeranol, 17 ß Oestradiol) chez le veau." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT008A.

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L'etude repose sur les modifications specifiques de la prostate de veaux traites par certains anabolisants (acetate de trenbolone, zeranol, 17 beta oestradiol). Les techniques utilisees sont: l'analyse morphologique, morphometrique, l'histochimie des mucus et l'histoenzymologie de la glande etudiee. Les resultats apportent des precisions, tant sur la nature des produits anabolisants utilises que sur les modifications de la glande prostatique qui constituent des elements specifiques aux traitements recus. En conclusion, la methode histologique permet la detection et l'orientation qualitative du ou des produits anabolisants etudies.

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50

Abily-Donval, Lénaïg. "Exploration des mécanismes physiopathologiques des mucopolysacharidoses et de la maladie de Fabry par approches "omiques" et modulation de l'autophagie. Urinary metabolic phenotyping of mucopolysaccharidosis type I combining untargeted and targeted strategies with data modeling Unveiling metabolic remodeling in mucopolysaccharidosis type III through integrative metabolomics and pathway analysis." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR108.

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Les pathologies lysosomales sont des maladies liées au déficit quantitatif ou qualitatif d’une hydrolase ou d’un transporteur à l’origine d’une atteinte multiviscérale potentiellement sévère. Certaines de ces pathologies sont accessibles à des traitements mais ces thérapeutiques sont uniquement symptomatiques et ne guérissent pas les patients. Même si le phénomène de surcharge peut expliquer entre autres la symptomatologie observée, la physiopathologie de ces maladies est complexe et non précisément connue. Une meilleure connaissance de ces pathologies pourrait permettre d’améliorer leur prise en charge globale. L’objectif de ce travail était dans un premier temps d’appliquer des techniques « omiques » dans deux groupes de maladies : les mucopolysaccharidoses et la maladie de Fabry. Cette étude a permis la mise en place d’une méthodologie métabolomique non ciblée basée sur une stratégie analytique multidimensionnelle comportant la spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution couplée à la chromatographie liquide ultra-haute performance et la mobilité ionique. Dans les mucopolysaccharidoses, l’étude des voies métaboliques a mis en évidence des modifications dans le métabolisme de plusieurs acides aminés et du système oxydatif du glutathion. Dans la maladie de Fabry, des modifications ont été observées dans l’expression de l’interleukine 7 et du facteur de croissance FGF2. La deuxième partie du travail s’est intéressée à la modulation de l’autophagie dans la maladie de Fabry. Notre étude a montré une diminution du flux autophagique avec un retard d’adressage de l’enzyme au lysosome dans les cellules Fabry. L’inhibition de l’autophagie permet de diminuer l’accumulation du substrat accumulé (Gb3) et améliore l’efficacité de l’enzymothérapie substitutive. En conclusion ce travail a permis une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques des pathologies lysosomales et a montré la complexité du fonctionnement du lysosome. Ces données permettent d’espérer l’amélioration des stratégies thérapeutiques et diagnostiques dans ces maladies
Lysosomal diseases caused by quantitative or qualitative hydrolase or transporter defect induce multiorgan features. Some specific symptomatic treatments are available but they do not cure patients. Pathophysiological bases of lysosomal disease are poorly understood and cannot be due to storage only. A better knowledge of these pathologies could improve their management. The first aim of this study was to apply “omics” strategies in mucopolysaccharidosis and in Fabry disease. This thesis allowed the implementation of an untargeted metabolomic methodology based on a multidimensional analytical strategy including high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ion mobility. Analysis of metabolic pathways showed a major remodeling of the amino acid metabolisms as well as oxidative stress via glutathione metabolism. In Fabry disease, changes were observed in expression of interleukin 7 and FGF2. The second study focused on modulation of autophagy in Fabry disease. In this work, we have shown a disruption of the autophagic process and a delay in enzyme targeting to the lysosome in Fabry disease. Autophagic inhibition reduced accumulation of accumulated substrate (Gb3) and improved the efficiency of enzyme replacement therapy. This work allowed a better knowledge of the physiopathological mechanisms implicated in lysosomal diseases and showed the complexity of lysosome. These data could ameliorate management of these disease and are associated with hope for patients

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mucopolysaccharidosi'

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