Journal articles on the topic 'MU NEGATIVE MEDIA (MNG)'

Radio frequency (RF) blackout and attenuation have been observed during atmospheric reentry since the advent of space exploration. The effects range from severe attenuation to complete loss of communications and can last from 90 s to 10 min depending on the vehicle’s trajectory. This paper examines a way of using a metasurface to improve the performance of communications during reentry. The technique is viable at low plasma densities and matches a split-ring resonator (SRR)-based mu-negative (MNG) sheet to the epsilon-negative (ENG) plasma region. Considering the MNG metasurface as a window to the exterior of a reentry vehicle, its matched design yields high transmission of an electromagnetic plane wave through the resulting MNG-ENG metastructure into the region beyond it. A varactor-based SRR design facilitates tuning the MNG layer to ENG layers with different plasma densities. Both simple and Huygens dipole antennas beneath a matched metastructure are then employed to demonstrate the consequent realization of significant signal transmission through it into free space beyond the exterior ENG plasma layer.

AbstractIn this paper, a flexible CPW fed ultrawide band (UWB) antenna with mu-negative (MNG) metamaterial is designed, fabricated, and tested for wearable applications. Initially, a UWB antenna of size 50 mm × 43 mm is fabricated on two different substrates, viz. flexible FR4 and semi-flexible Rogers RT/duroid 5880. A metamaterial structure fabricated on flexible FR4 shows a magnetic resonance from 7.2 GHz to 9.2 GHz with maximum stop band attenuation (−49 dB) and high MNG value (−2121.6) at 7.87 GHz. Then a (3 × 3) array of designed MNG metasurface is used as ground plane with flexible UWB antenna, which improves its overall gain and radiation pattern. The performance of the flexible antenna with/without metamaterial at various distances from flat and cylindrical three-layered human phantom of skin, fat, and muscle is studied. Further, the bending characteristics at different angles and performance over thin metallic sheet is also evaluated. Additionally, the peak specific absorption rate value averaged over 1 g of tissue at three chosen frequencies from UWB range (3, 5, 10 GHz) with/without metamaterial using 0.3 and 0.1 W of input power is also analyzed. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement which confirms that the designed antenna is a good candidate for wearable applications.

Decreasing the Radar Cross Section (RCS) is investigated in electromagnetic materials, i.e. double-positive (DPS) , double-negative (DNG) , epsilon-negative (ENG) and mu-negative (MNG) materials. The interesting properties of these materials lead to a great flexibility in manufacturing structures with unusual electromagnetic characteristics. The valid conditions for achieving the transparency and gaining resonance for an electrically small cylinder are established, in this corresponding The effect of incidence direction on RCS inclusive of transparency and resonance conditions is also explored ,through computer simulations for an electrically small cylinder.

In this paper, we introduce and review the zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) antennas with outstanding characteristics including various applications that have been researched so far. Since the zeroth-order resonance frequency is independent of a physical length of antenna, the ZOR antenna can theoretically be designed quite small and have a possibility to apply to considerably lots of applications. First, we have presented the ZOR antennas implemented by double-negative (DNG), epsilon-negative (ENG), and mu-negative (MNG) transmission lines. Then, the research related on extremely small, wide beamwidth, wideband, and circularly polarized (CP) ZOR antennas have been continuously carried out. Based on a series of these studies, the ZOR antennas were utilized for various applications such as a wireless power transfer (WPT), a compact controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA), a penta-band mobile antenna, and a wide steering array antenna.

ObjectiveAutoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and hypothyroidism tend to cluster, and this coexistence amplifies the elevated cardiovascular risk in RA. Whether thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOabs) are associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has not been studied extensively. Therefore, this study determined firstly the prevalence of TPOabs in RA and secondly whether TPOabs were associated with CVD. Moreover, this study explored whether TPOabs were related to RA characteristics.Design and methodsData from the CARRÉ Study, an ongoing study investigating CVDs and its risk factors in RA (n=322), was used to ascertain the prevalence of TPOabs in RA patients. In addition, cardiovascular and RA disease characteristics were compared between TPOabs-positive and -negative patients at baseline and at a second visit after 3 years.ResultsTPOabs were present in 47/322 (15%) RA patients and TSH levels were higher in TPOabs-positive patients (1.40 mU/l) compared with TPOabs-negative patients (1.26 mU/l, P=0.048). At baseline and after 3 years no association was observed between TPOabs and (risk factors for) CVD. Regression analyses revealed a significantly larger progression of carotid intima media thickness (cIMT; β=0.13 mm) in TPOabs-positive compared with TPOabs-negative patients independent of risk factors for cIMT progression. RA disease activity scores (DAS28) were higher in TPOabs-positive compared with TPOabs-negative patients (4.4 vs 3.8 P=0.018).ConclusionsTPOabs were associated with increased cIMT progression. Moreover, an association between TPOabs and DAS28 was observed. Hence, TPOabs seems to have a role in the amplified cardiovascular risk in RA patients.

Water quality is a limiting factor of life for aquatic biota, especially biota that lives in a pond. Therefore, water quality management is very necessary so that cultivation activities, especially ponds can continue and do not cause negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Various factors can decrease the water quality of aquaculture ponds one of which is from the remnants of feed and fish manure. Feed is one of the contributors to the dissolved organic matter in the cultivation pond. Maggot or black shoulder fly larvae are one of the alternatives that can be used as fish feed. Maggot has a high animal protein content of 30-45%, so it is very effective to be used as an alternative to additional feed in fish farming. The purpose of this research is to find out the difference in pond water quality between ponds by using maggot and pond feed by using pellet feed. The data taken in this study is primary data using the Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method with 3 treatments and 3 replays in each treatment. These treatments include Full Maggot Control (MU), 50% pellet, and 50% maggot (PU). Data obtained include; ammonia. Nitrites, and nitrates. The results showed that the average final value of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrates respectively treatment is KU ( 0.22 mg / L, 0.44 mg/L, 3.667 mg/L), PU (0.022 mg/L, 0.042 mg/L, 3.433 mg/L), MU (0.046 mg/L, 0.028 mg/L, 2.653 mg/L). The results illustrate the conclusion that the provision of maggots as an alternative and additional feed can improve the quality of aquaculture water.

Arginine vasotocin (AVT, 70 mU/ml) added from the basolateral side transiently activated a nonselective cation (NSC) channel with a single-channel conductance of 28.5 pS and almost identical selectivity for Na+ and K+ in the apical membrane of distal nephron cells (A6) cultured on permeable supports for 10-12 days in media containing 10% fetal bovine serum without supplemental aldosterone. The open probability (Po) of the NSC channel at the apical resting membrane potential in cell-attached patches was approximately 0.09 and increased when the apical membrane depolarized. The Po of the NSC channel was decreased by a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration within a range of 30 nM-1 microM but not affected by cytosolic pH within a range of 6-8. The channel was activated by the application of negative pressure (10-60 cmH2O) into the patch pipette. Gadolinium (2 microM), an inhibitor of stretch-activated channels, decreased the Po by 40%. This blocking action of gadolinium was more effective after the channel was activated by stretch, i.e., 2 microM gadolinium decreased the Po by 70% when a negative pressure (60 cmH2O) was applied into the patch pipette. Amiloride (10 and 100 microM) showed a blocking action on the channel only when the NSC channel was activated by stretch.

Abstract Glucose represses PRB1 expression at the level of transcription. However, release from glucose repression initially does not result in accumulation of protease B (PrB) activity despite transcriptional derepression. PrB activity accumulates only upon a second transcriptional derepression as the cells approach stationary phase. Increasing the PRB1 gene dosage on 2 mu-based plasmids does not overcome glucose repression. Glucose-mediated repression of PRB1 is not subject to the same genetic controls as SUC2. Mutation of the HXK2 gene, which confers glucose-insensitive expression of secreted invertase, had no effect on PRB1 expression at the level of PrB activity. Strains bearing a mutation in any of the SNF1-SNF6 genes cannot derepress secreted invertase synthesis, but did derepress PrB synthesis when grown in the absence of glucose. Mutation of the SNF2 or SNF5 gene led to accumulation of PrB activity to levels ten times that of wild type. Polymorphism for a suppressor gene was observed: in snf5-bearing strains, one allele of this suppressor gene resulted in elevated levels of PrB and the other allele resulted in wild-type levels of PrB; neither allele suppressed the Suc- phenotype of the snf5 mutant. Re-examination of published data on SUC2 expression in snf2 and snf5 mutants and examination of PRB1 expression in these mutants paradoxically suggest that the SNF2 and SNF5 gene products might act as negative regulators of gene expression.

Shigella dysenteriae is a global disease-causing bacteria that has millions of infections every year. Direct human-to-human transmission, spread due to contamination of food and beverages, low susceptibility to stomach acid and vector contribution can cause disease caused by Shigella dysenteriae to be widespread. Salad is a food that is prone to contamination by the Shigella dysenteriae bacteria if it does not pay attention to the hygiene process before processing, during processing and selling. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of Shigella dysenteriae contamination in salad food in Denpasar City. Design of this study is a descriptive study with cluster purposive sampling technique and obtained 12 salad samples that meet the inclusion criteria. The sampling process was carried out using aseptic techniques for all samples taken from wrong traders in 4 areas of Denpasar City. After the sample collection was complete, a test for the presence of Shigella dysenteriae was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory of FK Unud by culture of SSA media culture, oxidase test and identification test at the Nikki Medika Laboratory Denpasar using the BD Phoenix M50 method. The results showed that of the 12 salad samples studied, none of the samples identified were Shigella dysenteriae (0%), but Pluralibacter gergoviae, Leminorella grimontii, and Pantoea agglomerans were identified which is not a dangerous pathogenic bacteria. The negative results found were due to the good level of sanitation and hygiene applied by the salad traders. Keywords : Contamination of Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella dysenteriae, Salad.

266 Background: The persistent activation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis plays a major role in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This knowledge has driven the clinical development of new inhibitors of androgen production (e.g., abiraterone) and AR signaling (e.g., enzalutamide). However, in many patients, the efficacy is short-lived and eventually resistance appears. Reactivation of AR signaling occurs by several mechanisms in CRPC. In this study, we report the biological properties of TAS3681, a new AR antagonist with AR downregulating activity, and propose this concept as a potential new approach for the treatment of CRPC. Methods: For assay of AR transactivation, COS-7 cells were transiently transfected with androgen-responsive reporter gene construct and expression vectors encoding wt or mu ARs. The transfected cells were treated with TAS3681 and androgen in steroid depleted media for 24 h, and luciferase activity was measured. For an in vivo pharmacodynamic assay to confirm AR downregulation in tumor, TAS3681 was orally dosed in CRPC tumor xenograft model. Tumor was isolated and AR level in tumor was determined by Western blot. Results: TAS3681 suppressed the growth of AR positive prostate cancer (PCa) cells but did not affect that of AR-negative DU145 PCa cells, indicating a dependency on AR for efficacy. TAS3681 did not stimulate AR nuclear translocation and suppressed wt and mu ARs (including F876L) transactivation in cells, indicative of its pure AR antagonist profile. In contrast to enzalutamide, TAS3681 effectively suppressed androgen-independent AR transactivation by growth factors and cytokines via AR downregulating activity. Interestingly, in PCa cells which express full-length and splice variant AR, TAS3681 reduced the expression of both ARs. Moreover, TAS3681 treatment effectively decreased AR level in CRPC tumors in vivo. Conclusions: TAS3681 exerts an anti-androgenic effect via two mechanisms of action: pure AR antagonism and AR decreasing activity. It is expected that TAS3681 has a potential to overcome the resistance to current and 2nd-generation therapies targeting AR signaling.

Apoptotic myocyte cell death, diastolic dysfunction, and progressive deterioration in left ventricular pump function characterize the clinical course of diabetic cardiomyopathy. A key question concerns the mechanism(s) by which hyperglycemia (HG) transmits danger signals in cardiac muscle cells. The growth factor adapter protein p66ShcA is a genetic determinant of longevity, which controls mitochondrial metabolism and cellular responses to oxidative stress. Here we demonstrate that interventions which attenuate or prevent HG-induced phosphorylation at critical position 36 Ser residue (phospho-Ser36) inhibit the redox function of p66ShcA and promote the survival phenotype. Adult rat ventricular myocytes obtained by enzymatic dissociation were transduced with mutant-36 p66ShcA (mu-36) dominant-negative expression vector and plated in serum-free media containing 5 or 25 mM glucose. At HG, adult rat ventricular myocytes exhibit a marked increase in reactive oxygen species production, upregulation of phospho-Ser36, collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and increased formation of p66ShcA/cytochrome- c complexes. These indexes of oxidative stress were accompanied by a 40% increase in apoptosis and the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 and the apoptosis-related proteins p53 and Bax. To test whether p66ShcA functions as a redox-sensitive molecular switch in vivo, we examined the hearts of male Akita diabetic nonobese (C57BL/6J) mice. Western blot analysis detected the upregulation of phospho-Ser36, the translocation of p66ShcA to mitochondria, and the formation of p66ShcA/cytochrome- c complexes. Conversely, the correction of HG by recombinant adeno-associated viral delivery of leptin reversed these alterations. We conclude that p66ShcA is a molecular switch whose redox function is turned on by phospho-Ser36 and turned off by interventions that prevent this modification.

Abstract Abstract 1243 While the quantity and quality of transplanted hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are important for the recovery of hematopoiesis, the functional status of the regulatory hematopoietic microenvironment is a critical parameter that determines the regenerative function of HSCs. The quality of the microenvironment, i.e. its ability to support hematopoiesis, may be compromised under pathological circumstances such as during disease development or as a result of therapeutic interventions. Thus, the hematopoietic microenvironment should be allowed to recover prior to HSC transplantation. To effectively prepare the marrow microenvironment for HSC transplantation it is important to understand which of the molecular pathways regulating the function of the microenvironment are disrupted under the specific pathological condition. The involvement of hyaluronan (HA) in regulation of hematopoiesis has been previously suggested. However, whether HA contributes to the regulatory network of the hematopoietic microenvironment is not well understood. Since HA is highly susceptible to irradiation, which induces HA degradation and depolymerization leading to HA chain fragmentation and affecting its three-dimensional structure, sublethally irradiated mice (6Gy) were used to test the effect of exogenous HA on hematopoietic recovery. We found that administration of HA shortened the period of cytopenia compared to control mice which received vehicle only. To investigate whether the depletion of HA from the microenvironment has negative effects of hematopoietic homeostasis, knockout mice of three hyaluronan synthase genes (Has1, Has2, Has3) were generated as a mouse model of targeted HA deficiency in the hematopoietic microenvironment. Specifically, we generated double Has knockout (KO) mice (dHAS1/3 KO, Has1–/–;Has3–/–) and triple Has KO mice (tHAS1/2/3 KO, Prx1-Cre;Has2flox/flox;Has1–/–;Has3–/–). In the following study, wild type (WT), dHAS1/3 and tHAS1/2/3 KO mice were sublethally irradiated (6Gy) and the dynamics of hematopoietic recovery were tested. We found that the recovery of leukocytes in tHAS1/2/3 KO mice was significantly delayed as compared to WT and dHAS1/3 KO mice. This finding suggests that the HA-deficient microenvironment cannot support hematopoietic recovery following irradiation. Additional tests demonstrated that the number of hematopoietic progenitors was decreased in bone marrow and increased in extramedullary sites of tHAS1/2/3 KO mice as compared to WT and dHAS1/3/KO mice. In line with this observation, decreased hematopoietic activity was observed in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) from tHAS1/2/3 KO mice, whereas the formation of the adherent layer and generation of hematopoietic cells in WT and dHAS1/3/KO cultures was the same. 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was used to pharmacologically inhibit the production of HA in LTBMC. Treatment with 4MU inhibited HA synthesis, decreased expression of HAS2 and HAS3 and eliminated hematopoiesis in LTBMC, and this effect was alleviated by the addition of exogenous HA. Exogenous HA also augmented the cell motility in LTBMC, which correlated with HA-stimulated production of chemokines and growth factors. Conditioned media from HA-induced LTBMC enhanced the chemotaxis of HSC in response to SDF-1. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of HA synthesis decreased homing of transplanted HSC into the marrow and interactions of HSC with endothelial cells under conditional physiological shear stress. Our findings demonstrate that HA depletion reduces the ability of the microenvironment to support HSPC, and confirm a role for HA as a necessary regulatory element in the structure of the hematopoietic microenvironment. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that HA is a biologically active component of the hematopoietic microenvironment and is involved in regulating hematopoietic homeostasis. Since some treatments or compounds reduce HA concentrations in tissues and some conditions are associated with increased levels of HA, it may prove clinically useful to monitor the dynamics of endogenous HA recovery to aid in identifying the optimal time for stem cell transplantation. Our data also suggest that biologically active exogenous HA polymers of the correct size, source, and conformation as well as HA synthesis inhibitors may have potential use in clinical hematology to correct misbalanced HA levels. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The pandemic of COVID-19 has afflicted every individual and has initiated a cascade of directly or indirectly involved events in precipitating mental health issues. The human species is a wanderer and hunter-gatherer by nature, and physical social distancing and nationwide lockdown have confined an individual to physical isolation. The present review article was conceived to address psychosocial and other issues and their aetiology related to the current pandemic of COVID-19. The elderly age group has most suffered the wrath of SARS-CoV-2, and social isolation as a preventive measure may further induce mental health issues. Animal model studies have demonstrated an inappropriate interacting endogenous neurotransmitter milieu of dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and opioids, induced by social isolation that could probably lead to observable phenomena of deviant psychosocial behavior. Conflicting and manipulated information related to COVID-19 on social media has also been recognized as a global threat. Psychological stress during the current pandemic in frontline health care workers, migrant workers, children, and adolescents is also a serious concern. Mental health issues in the current situation could also be induced by being quarantined, uncertainty in business, jobs, economy, hampered academic activities, increased screen time on social media, and domestic violence incidences. The gravity of mental health issues associated with the pandemic of COVID-19 should be identified at the earliest. Mental health organization dedicated to current and future pandemics should be established along with Government policies addressing psychological issues to prevent and treat mental health issues need to be developed. References World Health Organization (WHO) Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. 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AbstractTwo compact zeroth-order resonant antennas employing short-ended mu-negative transmission line (MNG-TL) are presented. Both antennas are fed by asymmetric coplanar strip (ACPS), so strong miniaturization and simple structure can be achieved. Proposed antenna 1 operates at 2.38–2.47 GHz (fractional bandwidth is 3.7%), with a size of 0.093

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of online social media (OSM) assimilation on individuals’ levels of depression in Saudi Arabia. Over the last decade, Saudi Arabia has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of OSM users. Previous studies suggest that OSM usage can be used as a predictor of many behavioral outcomes for individuals. Nevertheless, the literature on the assimilation and risk of OSM within Saudi Arabia is still very limited, especially in terms of linking OSM to depression. This cross-sectional study adopts a quantitative approach using an online survey of 626 users to measure how OSM assimilation affects levels of depression among users in Saudi Arabia. The analysis was conducted using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The result indicates that OSM usage has a significant negative impact on depression.