Journal articles: 'MU mmWave MIMO communications'

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Dilli, Ravilla. "Performance analysis of multi user massive MIMO hybrid beamforming systems at millimeter wave frequency bands." Wireless Networks 27, no. 3 (February 4, 2021): 1925–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-021-02546-w.

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AbstractMillimeter-wave (mmWave) and massive multi-input–multi-output (mMIMO) communications are the most key enabling technologies for next generation wireless networks to have large available spectrum and throughput. mMIMO is a promising technique for increasing the spectral efficiency of wireless networks, by deploying large antenna arrays at the base station (BS) and perform coherent transceiver processing. Implementation of mMIMO systems at mmWave frequencies resolve the issue of high path-loss by providing higher antenna gains. The motivation for this research work is that mmWave and mMIMO operations will be much more popular in 5G NR, considering the wide deployment of mMIMO in major frequency bands as per 3rd generation partnership project. In this paper, a downlink multi-user mMIMO (MU-mMIMO) hybrid beamforming communication system is designed with multiple independent data streams per user and accurate channel state information. It emphasizes the hybrid precoding at transmitter and combining at receiver of a mmWave MU-mMIMO hybrid beamforming system. Results of this research work give the tradeoff between multiple data streams per user and required number of BS antennas. It strongly recommends for higher number of parallel data streams per user in a mmWave MU-mMIMO systems to achieve higher order throughputs.

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Shim, Seong-Joon, Seulgi Lee, Won-Seok Lee, Jae-Hyun Ro, Jung-In Baik, and Hyoung-Kyu Song. "Advanced Hybrid Beamforming Technique in MU-MIMO Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 5961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175961.

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This paper proposes a high performance wireless commmunication technology in MU-MIMO systems. The millimeter wave (mmWave) communication technology was considered for the future wireless communication systems such as the fifth-generation new radio (5G NR). In 5G NR, the mmWave communication technology was studied to increase the use of wide bandwidth and the data rate. Therefore, MU-MIMO systems can be used in mmWave. To decrease the complexity of conventional digital beamforming system, the hybrid beamforming system was studied. In particular, the proposed hybrid beamforming system improves the error performance and average sum rate in partially connected structure (PCS) hybrid beamforming system. The proposed PCS hybrid beamforming system forms variously combined beam patterns using the information of azimuth and elevation angles for the multi-paths according to the number of bits. In addition, the azimuth and elevation angles among the formed beam patterns are estimated according to the received signal strength (RSS). In the simulation results, the proposed PCS hybrid beamforming system has better error performance and the average sum rate than the conventional hybrid beamforming system.

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Khan, Imran, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar, Madini O. Alassafi, Majid Ashraf, Yongming Huang, Jeong Kim, and Jin Hong Kim. "An Efficient Algorithm for mmWave MIMO Systems." Symmetry 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11060786.

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Efficient and Symmetry based precoding plays a key role in wireless communications. In order to improve the transmission performance of multi-user millimeter wave Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) (MU-mmWave MIMO) systems, this paper proposes an analog precoding scheme for the receiver of mmWave MIMO with split sub-array hybrid analog and digital architecture. Then, we propose a hybrid analog and digital precoding algorithm based on channel reciprocity (APoCR) to maximize the spectral efficiency by utilizing the triple joint optimization problem, which can be divided into the analog and digital part. The analog combination vectors (ACVs) are obtained by the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) reception maximization of each downlink user and the analog precoding vectors (APVs) are obtained by the SINR reception maximization of each uplink antenna array. The digital precoder of the transmitter is designed after the analog part optimization to alleviate the interference between multiple data streams of the users. The simulation results show that the proposed precoding algorithm has a better sum rate, fast convergence, and improved SINR than the other state-of-the-art algorithms.

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Zhang, Ding, Panneer Selvam Santhalingam, Parth Pathak, and Zizhan Zheng. "CoBF: Coordinated Beamforming in Dense mmWave Networks." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 51, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3606376.3593531.

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With MIMO and enhanced beamforming features, IEEE 802.11ay is poised to create the next generation of mmWave WLANs that can provide over 100 Gbps data rate. However, beamforming between densely deployed APs and clients incurs unacceptable overhead. On the other hand, the absence of up-to-date beamforming information restricts the diversity gains available through MIMO and multi-users, reducing the overall network capacity. This paper presents a novel approach of "coordinated beamforming" (called CoBF) where only a small subset of APs are selected for beamforming in the 802.11ay mmWave WLANs. Based on the concept of uncertainty, CoBF predicts the APs whose beamforming information is likely outdated and needs updating. The proposed approach complements existing per-link beamforming solutions and extends their effectiveness from link-level to network-level. Furthermore, CoBF leverages the AP uncertainty to create MU-MIMO groups through interference-aware scheduling in 802.11ay WLANs. With extensive experimentation and simulations, we show that CoBF can significantly reduce beamforming overhead and improve network capacity for 802.11ay WLANs.

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Zhang, Ding, Panneer Selvam Santhalingam, Parth Pathak, and Zizhan Zheng. "CoBF: Coordinated Beamforming in Dense mmWave Networks." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 7, no. 2 (May 19, 2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3589975.

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With MIMO and enhanced beamforming features, IEEE 802.11ay is poised to create the next generation of mmWave WLANs that can provide over 100 Gbps data rate. However, beamforming between densely deployed APs and clients incurs unacceptable overhead. On the other hand, the absence of up-to-date beamforming information restricts the diversity gains available through MIMO and multi-users, reducing the overall network capacity. This paper presents a novel approach of "coordinated beamforming" (called CoBF) where only a small subset of APs are selected for beamforming in the 802.11ay mmWave WLANs. Based on the concept of uncertainty, CoBF predicts the APs whose beamforming information is likely outdated and needs updating. The proposed approach complements the existing per-link beamforming solutions and extends their effectiveness from link-level to network-level. Furthermore, CoBF leverages the AP uncertainty to create MU-MIMO groups through interference-aware scheduling in 802.11ay WLANs. With extensive experimentation and simulations, we show that CoBF can significantly reduce beamforming overhead and improve network capacity for 802.11ay WLANs.

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Castaneda, Oscar, Sven Jacobsson, Giuseppe Durisi, Tom Goldstein, and Christoph Studer. "Finite-Alphabet MMSE Equalization for All-Digital Massive MU-MIMO mmWave Communication." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 38, no. 9 (September 2020): 2128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3000840.

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Kassam, Joumana, Manar Miri, Roberto Magueta, Daniel Castanheira, Pedro Pedrosa, Adão Silva, Rui Dinis, and Atílio Gameiro. "Two-Step Multiuser Equalization for Hybrid mmWave Massive MIMO GFDM Systems." Electronics 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081220.

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Although millimeter-wave (mmWave) and massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) can be considered as promising technologies for future mobile communications (beyond 5G or 6G), some hardware limitations limit their applicability. The hybrid analog-digital architecture has been introduced as a possible solution to avoid such issues. In this paper, we propose a two-step hybrid multi-user (MU) equalizer combined with low complexity hybrid precoder for wideband mmWave mMIMO systems, as well as a semi-analytical approach to evaluate its performance. The new digital non-orthogonal multi carrier modulation scheme generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is considered owing to its efficient performance in terms of achieving higher spectral efficiency, better control of out-of-band (OOB) emissions, and lower peak to average power ratio (PAPR) when compared with the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) access technique. First, a low complexity analog precoder is applied on the transmitter side. Then, at the base station (BS), the analog coefficients of the hybrid equalizer are obtained by minimizing the mean square error (MSE) between the hybrid approach and the full digital counterpart. For the digital part, zero-forcing (ZF) is used to cancel the MU interference not mitigated by the analog part. The performance results show that the performance gap of the proposed hybrid scheme to the full digital counterpart reduces as the number of radio frequency (RF) chains increases. Moreover, the theoretical curves almost overlap with the simulated ones, which show that the semi-analytical approach is quite accurate.

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Zhai, Xiongfei, Yunlong Cai, Qingjiang Shi, Minjian Zhao, Geoffrey Ye Li, and Benoit Champagne. "Joint Transceiver Design With Antenna Selection for Large-Scale MU-MIMO mmWave Systems." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 35, no. 9 (September 2017): 2085–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2720197.

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Pavia, João Pedro, Vasco Velez, Nuno Souto, Marco Ribeiro, Pedro Sebastião, and Américo Correia. "System-Level Assessment of Low Complexity Hybrid Precoding Designs for Massive MIMO Downlink Transmissions in Beyond 5G Networks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062812.

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The fast growth experienced by the telecommunications field during the last few decades has been motivating the academy and the industry to invest in the design, testing and deployment of new evolutions of wireless communication systems. Terahertz (THz) communication represents one of the possible technologies to explore in order to achieve the desired achievable rates above 100 Gbps and the extremely low latency required in many envisioned applications. Despite the potentialities, it requires proper system design, since working in the THz band brings a set of challenges, such as the reflection and scattering losses through the transmission path, the high dependency with distance and the severe hardware constraints. One key approach for overcoming some of these challenges relies on the use of massive/ultramassive antenna arrays combined with hybrid precoders based on fully connected phase-shifter architectures or partially connected architectures, such as arrays of subarrays (AoSAs) or dynamic AoSAs (DAoSAs). Through this strategy, it is possible to obtain very high-performance gains while drastically simplifying the practical implementation and reducing the overall power consumption of the system when compared to a fully digital approach. Although these types of solutions have been previously proposed to address some of the limitations of mmWave/THz communications, a lack between link-level and system-level analysis is commonly verified. In this paper, we present a thorough system-level assessment of a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) for beyond 5G (B5G) systems where the access points (APs) operate in the mmWave/THz bands, supporting multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) transmission with massive/ultra-massive antenna arrays combined with low-complexity hybrid precoding architectures. Results showed that the C-RAN deployments in two indoor office scenarios for the THz were capable of achieving good throughput and coverage performances, with only a small compromise in terms of gains when adopting reduced complexity hybrid precoders. Furthermore, we observed that the indoor-mixed office scenario can provide higher throughput and coverage performances independently of the cluster size when compared to the indoor-open office scenario.

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Abdo, Adam Mohamed Ahmed, Xiongwen Zhao, Rui Zhang, Zhenyu Zhou, Jianhua Zhang, Yu Zhang, and Imran Memon. "MU-MIMO Downlink Capacity Analysis and Optimum Code Weight Vector Design for 5G Big Data Massive Antenna Millimeter Wave Communication." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7138232.

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Multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) wireless communication system provides substantial downlink throughput in millimeter wave (mmWave) communication by allowing multiple users to communicate at the same frequency and time slots. However, the design of the optimum beam-vector for each user to minimise interference from other users is challenging. In this paper, based on the concept of signal-to-leakage plus noise ratio (SLNR), we analyze the ergodic sum-rate capacity using statistical Eigen-mode (SE) and zero-forcing (ZF) models with Ricean fading channel. In the analysis, the orthogonality of channel vectors between users is assumed to guarantee interference cancelation from other cochannel users. The impact of the number of antenna elements on the achievable sum-rate capacity obtained by dirty paper coding (DPC) method considered as a nonlinear scheme for approximating average system capacity is studied. A power iterative precoding scheme that iteratively finds the most dominant eigenvector (optimum weight vector) for minimising cochannel interference (CCI), that is, maximising the SLNR for all users simultaneously, is designed resulting in enhancement of average system capacity. The average system capacities achieved by the proposed power iterative technique in this study compared with the singular value decomposition (SVD) method are in the ranges of 5–11 bps/Hz and 1–6 bps/Hz, respectively. Therefore, the proposed power iterative method achieves higher performance than the SVD regarding achievable sum-rate capacity.

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Sadique, Joarder Jafor, Shaikh Enayet Ullah, Raad Raad, Md Rabiul Islam, Md Mahbubar Rahman, Abbas Z. Kouzani, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "Gyre Precoding and T-Transformation-Based GFDM System for UAV-Aided mMTC Network." Electronics 10, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 2915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232915.

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In this paper, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided multi-antenna configured downlink mmWave cooperative generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) system is proposed. To provide physical layer security (PLS), a 3D controlled Lorenz mapping system is introduced. Furthermore, the combination of T-transformation spreading codes, walsh Hadamard transform, and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) techniques are integrated with a novel linear multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) gyre precoding (GP) for multi-user interference reduction. Furthermore, concatenated channel-coding with multi-user beamforming weighting-aided maximum-likelihood and zero forcing (ZF) signal detection schemes for an improved bit error rate (BER) are also used. The system is then simulated with a single base station (BS), eight massive machine-type communications (mMTC) users, and two UAV relay stations (RSs). Numerical results reveal the robustness of the proposed system in terms of PLS and an achievable ergodic rate with signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) under the implementation of T-transformation scheme. By incorporating the 3D mobility model, brownian perturbations of the UAVs are also analyzed. An out-of-band (OOB) reduction of 320 dB with an improved BER of 1×10−4 in 16-QAM for a signal-to-noise ratio, Eb/N0, of 20 dB is achieved.

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Jiang, Jing, and Deting Kong. "Joint User Scheduling and MU-MIMO Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm for mmWave FDMA Massive MIMO System." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4341068.

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The large bandwidth and multipath in millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular system assure the existence of frequency selective channels; it is necessary that mmWave system remains with frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and user scheduling. But for the hybrid beamforming system, the analog beamforming is implemented by the same phase shifts in the entire frequency band, and the wideband phase shifts may not be harmonious with all users scheduled in frequency resources. This paper proposes a joint user scheduling and multiuser hybrid beamforming algorithm for downlink massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. In the first step of user scheduling, the users with identical optimal beams form an OFDMA user group and multiplex the entire frequency resource. Then base station (BS) allocates the frequency resources for each member of OFDMA user group. An OFDMA user group can be regarded as a virtual user; thus it can support arbitrary MU-MIMO user selection and beamforming algorithms. Further, the analog beamforming vectors employ the best beam of each selected MU-MIMO user and the digital beamforming algorithm is solved by weight MMSE to acquire the best performance gain and mitigate the interuser inference. Simulation results show that hybrid beamforming together with user scheduling can greatly improve the performance of mmWave OFDMA massive MU-MIMO system.

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Hassan, Ahmad Kamal, Ziaul Haq Abbas, Ghulam Abbas, and Thar Baker. "Simultaneous Diagonalization Using Baseband Beamforming in mmWave MU-MIMO Systems." Electronics 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111944.

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We consider the problem of simultaneous diagonalization of Hermitian matrices for the desired and co-channel interference terms of millimeter-wave (mmWave) multi-user multiple-input multiple-output systems. The joint unitary eigenvectors and the corresponding eigenvalues are known to assist in the mathematical tractability of key performance metrics, such as outage probability, ergodic capacity, and spectral efficiency. We formulate the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in a canonical quadratic form and subsume the digital baseband beamforming vectors in the weight matrices of channels at the transmitter side. Next, a real scalar objective function is defined, which quantifies the correlation loss due to joint-diagonalization. The objective function is then maximized using baseband beamforming under the hardware constraints of the mmWave system. Through simulations, the proposed beamforming algorithm is evaluated by employing several non-linear optimization sub-routines, and it is shown that the “active-set” approach results in improved summary statistics both for the correlation metric and for the time complexity. We also reflect on the effect of optimization on the channel scatterers in mmWave systems.

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Kei Sakaguchi, Takumi Yoneda, Masashi Iwabuchi, and Tomoki Murakami. "mmWave massive analog relay MIMO." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 2, no. 6 (September 24, 2021): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/wzof2275.

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Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) communications are a key technology to realize ultra-high data rate and ultra-low latency wireless communications. Compared with conventional communication systems in the microwave band such as 4G/LTE, mmWave communications employ a higher frequency band which allows a wider bandwidth and is suitable for large capacity communications. It is expected to be applied to various use cases such as mmWave cellular networks and vehicular networks. However, due to the strong diffraction loss and the path loss in the mmWave band, it is difficult or even impossible to achieve high channel capacity for User Equipment (UE) located in Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) environments. To solve the problem, the deployment of relay nodes has been considered. In this paper, we consider the use of massive analog Relay Stations (RSs) to relay the transmission signals. By relaying the signals by a large number of RSs, an artificial Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) propagation environment can be formed, which enables mmWave MIMO communications to the NLOS environment. We describe a theoretical study of a massive relay MIMO system and extend it to include multi-hop relays. Simulations are conducted, and the numerical results show that the proposed system achieves high data rates even in a grid-like urban environment.

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Song, Xiaoshen, Thomas Kuhne, and Giuseppe Caire. "Fully-/Partially-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Architectures for mmWave MU-MIMO." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 19, no. 3 (March 2020): 1754–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2019.2957227.

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Nariman Torkzaban, Mohammad A. (Amir) Khojastepour, Mohammad Farajzadeh-Tehrani, and John S. Baras. "RIS-aided mmWave beam-forming for two-way communications of multiple pairs." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 4, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/vbex2484.

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Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications is a key enabler towards realizing enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) as a key promise of 5G and beyond, due to the abundance of bandwidth available at mmWave bands. An mmWave coverage map consists of blind spots due to shadowing and fading especially in dense urban environments. Beam-forming employing massive MIMO is primarily used to address high attenuation in the mmWave channel. Due to their ability in manipulating the impinging electromagnetic waves in an energy-efficient fashion, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are considered a great match to complement the massive MIMO systems in realizing the beam-forming task and therefore effectively filling in the mmWave coverage gap. In this paper, we propose a novel RIS architecture, namely RIS-UPA where the RIS elements are arranged in a Uniform Planar Array (UPA). We show how RIS-UPA can be used in an RIS-aided MIMO system to fill the coverage gap in mmWave by forming beams of a custom footprint, with optimized main lobe gain, minimum leakage, and fairly sharp edges. Further, we propose a configuration for RIS-UPA that can support multiple two-way communication pairs, simultaneously. We theoretically obtain closed-form low-complexity solutions for our design and validate our theoretical findings by extensive numerical experiments.

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Ahn, Yongjin, Taeyoung Kim, and Chungyong Lee. "A Beam Steering Based Hybrid Precoding for MU-MIMO mmWave Systems." IEEE Communications Letters 21, no. 12 (December 2017): 2726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2017.2747551.

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Ribeiro, Lucas N., Stefan Schwarz, and Andre L. F. De Almeida. "Double-Sided Massive MIMO Transceivers for mmWave Communications." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 157667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949945.

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Lu, Conghui, and Peng Chen. "Robust Channel Estimation Scheme for Multi-UAV MmWave MIMO Communication with Jittering." Electronics 12, no. 9 (May 4, 2023): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12092102.

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In unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications, the communication performance is significantly degraded by UAV jitter. We formulate a UAV-assisted mmWave channel model with hybrid beamforming for the impacts of UAV jitter. Then, we derive the distribution of angle of arrivals/departures (AOAs/AODs) with random fluctuation of the UAV attitude angle. We develop an iterative reweight-based robust scheme as the super-resolution AOAs/AODs estimation method. Specifically, we introduce the partially adaptive momentum (Padam) estimation method to optimize the objective function of the jittering UAV mmWave massive multi-input multioutput (MIMO) system. Finally, compared with existing channel estimation schemes, the proposed UAV mmWave channel estimation method can achieve robust super-resolution performance in AOAs/AODs and path gains estimation with numerical results. Therefore, the proposed channel estimation scheme is very suitable for UAV mmWave massive MIMO communications with jittering.

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Ortega, Alvaro Javier. "Hierarchical optimization: A hybrid processing for downlink massive MU‐MIMO mmWave systems." IET Communications 15, no. 20 (November 2, 2021): 2526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.12292.

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Marti, Gian, Oscar Castaneda, and Christoph Studer. "Jammer Mitigation via Beam-Slicing for Low-Resolution mmWave Massive MU-MIMO." IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems 2 (2021): 820–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2021.3105228.

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Wang, Gengshan, Zhijia Yang, and Tierui Gong. "Hybrid Beamforming Design for Self-Interference Cancellation in Full-Duplex Millimeter-Wave MIMO Systems with Dynamic Subarrays." Entropy 24, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24111687.

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Full-duplex (FD) millimeter-wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication is a promising solution for the extremely high-throughput requirements in future cellular systems. The hybrid beamforming structure is preferable for its low hardware complexity and low power consumption with acceptable performance. In this paper, we introduce the hardware efficient dynamic subarrays to the FD mmWave MIMO systems and propose an effective hybrid beamforming design to cancel the self-interference (SI) in the considered system. First, assuming no SI, we obtain the optimal fully digital beamformers and combiners via the singular value decomposition of the uplink and downlink channels and the water-filling power allocation. Then, based on the obtained fully digital solutions, we get the dynamic analog solutions and digital solutions using the Kuhn–Munkres algorithm-aided dynamic hybrid beamforming design. Finally, we resort to the null space projection method to cancel the SI by projecting the obtained digital beamformer at the base station onto the null space of the equivalent SI channel. We further analyze the computational complexity of the proposed method. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the FD mmWave MIMO systems with the dynamic subarrays using the proposed method compared to the systems with the fixed subarrays and the half-duplex mmWave communications. When the number of RF chains is 6 and the signal-to-noise ratio is 10 dB, the proposed design outperforms the FD mmWave MIMO systems with fixed subarrays and the half-duplex mmWave communications, respectively, by 22.4% and 47.9% in spectral efficiency and 19.9% and 101% in energy efficiency.

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He, Jiguang, Henk Wymeersch, and Markku Juntti. "Leveraging Location Information for RIS-Aided mmWave MIMO Communications." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 10, no. 7 (July 2021): 1380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3067474.

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Shareef, Faez Fawwaz, and Manal Jamil Al-Kindi. "Wideband hybrid precoder for mmWave multiuser MIMO OFDM communications." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i3.3551.

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Using millimeter wave (mmWave) transmission for massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system can improve system performance and effectively reduce the size of the massive antennas array. However, A wideband beamformer design is needed to take advantage of this wideband channel. In this paper, a downlink multi-user massive MIMO orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) system for mmWave communications is proposed. Each subcarrier channel can be approximated as a narrowband clustered channel, so a narrowband precoder can be applied for each subchannel. The hybrid precoder is implemented in a manner so the digital precoder is obtained for each subcarrier, whilst the analog precoder is common for all subcarriers. A modified “joint spatial division/multiplexing” (JSDM) scheme is used to design the precoder, where each user equipped with more than one antenna. The design of the analog precoder is based on the second order channel statistics to reduce the overhead information need to process and fed back and the subcarrier baseband precoder based on the instantaneous channel state information (CSI). Following the approach of Kronecker channel model, the iteration between the analog beamformers design at both end of link can be avoided. Finally testing the system using various numbers of antennas at base station.

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Kabalci, Yasin, and Muhammad Ali. "Improved Hybrid Precoder Design for Secure mmWave MIMO Communications." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 26, no. 4 (August 7, 2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.26.4.25857.

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Key challenges of emerging mobile communication systems are to provide higher data rates, diverse device connectivity, low latency, higher system capacity, and low energy consumption. The communication systems exploiting the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band are realized to resolve thereof inevitable issues. However, security is considered as one of the challenging issues in mmWave communication in addition to unavoidable problems (e.g., propagation loss, penetration loss, and fading). This study aims to construct efficient secure hybrid precoder with low-resolution phase shifters that can protect legitimate information from eavesdropping by employing coordinated analog precoder and combiner algorithms and improve the secrecy rate. Moreover, in order to further enhance the secrecy rate, hybrid precoder are obtained using an efficient channel. This work compares its results with the recent approach reported in the literature, which indicates that our proposed model outperforms at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, while our model provides similar performance at low SNR values. Simulation studies also confirm the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid precoder to achieve maximum secrecy rate.

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Shen, Ye-Shun, Fang-Biau Ueng, and Chin-Yang Kung. "Novel Detectors for Massive MU-MIMO Communications." IETE Journal of Research 66, no. 6 (May 21, 2019): 823–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2019.1615390.

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Meng, Fan, Shengheng Liu, Yongming Huang, and Zhaohua Lu. "Learning-Aided Beam Prediction in mmWave MU-MIMO Systems for High-Speed Railway." IEEE Transactions on Communications 70, no. 1 (January 2022): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3124963.

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Castaneda, Oscar, Sven Jacobsson, Giuseppe Durisi, Tom Goldstein, and Christoph Studer. "High-Bandwidth Spatial Equalization for mmWave Massive MU-MIMO With Processing-in-Memory." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 67, no. 5 (May 2020): 891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.2983999.

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Li, Jianguo, Xiangming Li, Aihua Wang, and Neng Ye. "Performance Analysis for Downlink MIMO-NOMA in Millimeter Wave Cellular Network with D2D Communications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (June 19, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1914762.

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Enabling nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in device-to-device (D2D) communications under the millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cellular network is of critical importance for 5G wireless systems to support low latency, high reliability, and high throughput radio access. In this paper, the closed-form expressions for the outage probability and the ergodic capacity in downlink MIMO-NOMA mmWave cellular network with D2D communications are considered, which indicates that NOMA outperforms TDMA. The influencing factors of performance, such as transmission power and antenna number, are also analyzed. It is found that higher transmission power and more antennas in the base station can decrease the outage probability and enhance the ergodic capacity of NOMA.

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Chen, Na, Songlin Sun, Michel Kadoch, and Bo Rong. "SDN Controlled mmWave Massive MIMO Hybrid Precoding for 5G Heterogeneous Mobile Systems." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9767065.

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In 5G mobile network, millimeter wave (mmWave) and heterogeneous networks (Hetnets) are significant techniques to sustain coverage and spectral efficiency. In this paper, we utilize the hybrid precoding to overcome hardware constraints on the analog-only beamforming in mmWave systems. Particularly, we identify the complicated antenna coordination and vast spatial domain information as the outstanding challenges in mmWave Hetnets. In our work, we employ software defined network (SDN) to accomplish radio resource management (RRM) and achieve flexible spacial coordination in mmWave Hetnets. In our proposed scheme, SDN controller is responsible for collecting the user channel state information (CSI) and applying hybrid precoding based on the calculated null-space of victim users. Simulation results show that our design can effectively reduce the interference to victim users and support high quality of service.

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31

Özbek, Berna, Oğulcan Erdoğan, Sherif A. Busari, and Jonathan Gonzalez. "Hybrid beamforming strategies for secure multicell multiuser mmWave MIMO communications." Physical Communication 46 (June 2021): 101319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2021.101319.

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32

Yang, Ping, Yue Xiao, Yong Liang Guan, Zilong Liu, Shaoqian Li, and Wei Xiang. "Adaptive SM-MIMO for mmWave Communications With Reduced RF Chains." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 35, no. 7 (July 2017): 1472–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2698899.

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Li, Xiang, Yang Huang, Wei Heng, and Jing Wu. "Machine Learning-Inspired Hybrid Precoding for mmWave MU-MIMO Systems with Domestic Switch Network." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093019.

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Hybrid precoding is an attractive technique in MU-MIMO systems with significantly reduced hardware costs. However, it still requires a complex analog network to connect the RF chains and antennas. In this paper, we develop a novel hybrid precoding structure for the downlink transmission with a compact RF structure. Specifically, the proposed structure relies on domestic connections instead of global connections to link RF chains and antennas. Fixed-degree phase shifters provide candidate signals, and simple on-off switches are used to route the signal to antennas, thus RF adders are no longer required. Baseband zero forcing and block diagonalization are used to cancel interference for single-antenna and multiple-antenna users, respectively. We formulate how to design the RF precoder by optimizing the probability distribution through cross-entropy minimization which originated in machine learning. To optimize the energy efficiency, we use the fractional programming technique and exploit the Dinkelbach method-based framework to optimize the number of active antennas. Simulation results show that proposed algorithms can yield significant advantages under different configurations.

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FANG, Shu, Li-hua LI, and Ping ZHANG. "Grassmannian precoding MU-MIMO scheme." Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 15, no. 3 (September 2008): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8885(08)60116-8.

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35

Hemrungrote, Sirichai, Toshikazu Hori, Mitoshi Fujimoto, and Kentaro Nishimori. "Channel Capacity Evaluation for Urban MIMO Systems Using Path Visibility." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 9, no. 1 (July 9, 2010): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.201191.172335.

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Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems are expected to improve the channel capacity over the limited bandwidth of existing wireless communication networks. The effects on the channel capacity characteristics of Single-User MIMO (SU-MIMO) systems in urban scenarios have been previously studied. In this paper, we first clarify that the larger number of antennas cannot contribute the improvement in the channel capacity in urban SU-MIMO scenarios due to the very high spatial correlation. Next, we focus on the MU-MIMO transmission because it can discriminate multiple users by the difference of Angle of Arrival (AOA). We compare the Multi Access Channel (MAC) capacity in the uplink to the capacity in SU-MIMO by considering the same total numbers of transmitting and receiving antennas between SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO. When the same numbers of the antenna elements are used, the better performance is obtained by urban MU-MIMO systems, unlike in the identical independent distributed (iid) scenarios which are generally assumed in MIMO transmission. Finally, the parameter called path visibility introduced in our previous study is playing an important role once again. It is de¯ned as the probability that the direct wave can be received at the receiving antenna and has been used to determine the channel capacity characteristics and provide guidance in determining the appropriate range for the base station (BS) installation in urban SU-MIMO scenarios. In this study, we clarify that only this single parameter, path visibility, can also be used to determine the improvement in the channel capacity by MU-MIMO in urban scenarios, while both of SNR and spatial correlation must be considered as the indicative parameters on the performance of SU/MU-MIMO in conventional studies.

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Liu, Fan, Christos Masouros, Ang Li, Huafei Sun, and Lajos Hanzo. "MU-MIMO Communications With MIMO Radar: From Co-Existence to Joint Transmission." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 17, no. 4 (April 2018): 2755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2018.2803045.

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Assiimwe, Eva, and Yihenew Wondie Marye. "A Stochastic Confocal Elliptic-Cylinder Channel Model for 3D MIMO in Millimeter-Wave High-Speed Train Communication System." Electronics 11, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131948.

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Massive MIMO technology is among the most promising solutions for achieving higher gain in 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) channel models for high-speed train (HST) communication systems. Based on stochastic geometry methods, it is fundamental to accurately develop the associated MIMO channel model to access system performance. These MIMO channel models could be extended to massive MIMO with antenna arrays in more than one plane. In this paper, the proposed MIMO 3D geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) is composed of the line of sight component (LOS), one sphere, and multiple confocal elliptic cylinders. By considering the proposed GBSM, the local channel statistical properties are derived and investigated. The impacts of the distance between the confocal points of the elliptic cylinder, mmWave frequencies of 28 GHz and 60 GHz, and non-stationarity on channel statistics are studied. Results show that the proposed 3D simulation model closely approximates the measured results in terms of stationary time. Consequently, findings show that the proposed 3D non-wide-sense stationary (WSS) model is better for describing mmWave HST channels in an open space environment.

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Guo, Shuaishuai, Haixia Zhang, Peng Zhang, Shuping Dang, Chengcheng Xu, and Mohamed-Slim Alouini. "Signal Shaping for Non-Uniform Beamspace Modulated mmWave Hybrid MIMO Communications." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 19, no. 10 (October 2020): 6660–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3004497.

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Zhao, Jianwei, Feifei Gao, Linling Kuang, Qihui Wu, and Weimin Jia. "Channel Tracking With Flight Control System for UAV mmWave MIMO Communications." IEEE Communications Letters 22, no. 6 (June 2018): 1224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2824800.

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Jiang, Ting, Maozhong Song, Xiaorong Zhu, and Xu Liu. "Channel Estimation for Broadband Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems Based on High-Order PARALIND Model." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (November 23, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6408442.

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Channel state information (CSI) is important to improve the performance of wireless transmission. However, the problems of high propagation path loss, multipath, and frequency selective fading make it difficult to obtain the CSI in broadband millimeter-wave (mmWave) system. Based on the inherent multidimensional structure of mmWave multipath channels and the correlation between channel dimensions, mmWave multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels are modelled as high-order parallel profiles with linear dependence (PARALIND) model in this paper, and a new PARALIND-based channel estimation algorithm is proposed for broadband mmWave system. Due to the structural property of PARALIND model, the proposed algorithm firstly separates the multipath channels of different scatterers by PARALIND decomposition and then estimates the channel parameters from the factor matrices decomposed from the model based on their structures. Meanwhile, the performance of mmWave channel estimation is analysed theoretically. A necessary condition for channel parameter estimation is given based on the uniqueness principle of PARALIND model. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than traditional compressive sensing-based channel estimation algorithms.

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41

Ngoc, Nguyen Dinh, and Kien Truong. "Phase Impairment Estimation for mmWave MIMO Systems with Low Resolutions ADC and Imperfect CSI." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems 9, no. 4 (October 28, 2022): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eetinis.v9i4.2467.

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Multiple-Input Multiple-Output systems operating at millimeter wave band (mmWave MIMO) are a promising technology next generations of mobile networks. In practice, the non-ideal hardware is a challenge for commercially viable mmWave MIMO transceivers and come from non-linearities of the amplifier, phase noise, quantization errors, mutual coupling between antenna ports, and In-phase/Quadrature (I/Q) imbalance. As a result, the received signals are affected by non-ideal transceiver hardware components, thus reduce the performance of such systems, especially phase impairment caused by phase noise and carrier frequency offset (CFO). In this paper, we consider a mmWave MIMO system model that takes into account many practical hardware impairments and imperfect channel state information (CSI). Our main contributions are a problem formulation of phase impairments with imperfect CSI and a low-complexity estimation method to solve the problem. Numerical results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

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NISHIMORI, Kentaro, Riichi KUDO, Naoki HONMA, Yasushi TAKATORI, and Masato MIZOGUCHI. "16 × 16 MIMO Testbed for MU-MIMO Downlink Transmission." IEICE Transactions on Communications E93-B, no. 2 (2010): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e93.b.345.

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Khan, Muhammad Imran, Sarmadullah Khan, Saad Hassan Kiani, Naser Ojaroudi Parchin, Khalid Mahmood, Umair Rafique, and Muhammad Mansoor Qadir. "A Compact mmWave MIMO Antenna for Future Wireless Networks." Electronics 11, no. 15 (August 6, 2022): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152450.

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This article presents a four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design for next-generation millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems. The single antenna element of the MIMO systems consists of a T-shaped and plow-shaped patch radiator designed on an ultra-thin Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The dimensions of the single antenna are 10 × 12 mm2. The MIMO system is designed by placing four elements in a polarization diversity configuration whose overall dimensions are 24 × 24 mm2. From the measured results, it is observed that the MIMO antenna provides 9.23 GHz impedance bandwidth ranging from 22.43 to 31.66 GHz. In addition, without the utilization of any decoupling network, a minimum isolation of 25 dB is achieved between adjacent MIMO elements. Furthermore, the proposed MIMO antenna system is fabricated, and it is noted that the simulated results are in good agreement with the measured results. Through the achieved results, it can be said that the proposed MIMO antenna system can be used in 5G mmWave radio frequency (RF) front-ends.

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44

Uwaechia, Anthony Ngozichukwuka, and Nor Muzlifah Mahyuddin. "A novel committee machine hybrid precoding and combining algorithm for mmWave massive MU-MIMO systems." Physical Communication 46 (June 2021): 101326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2021.101326.

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Wang, Dehao, Wenbin Zhang, and Qiuyue Zhu. "Heuristic Search Inspired Beam Selection Algorithms for mmWave MU-MIMO System With Discrete Lens Array." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 61324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3074128.

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Hong, Tao, Jin Yao, Cong Liu, and Fei Qi. "mmWave Measurement of RF Reflectors for 5G Green Communications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8217839.

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In recent years, with the energy consumption and environmental degradation, science and technology embarked on a path of sustainable development. In this situation, 5G green communication system has been widely used. This paper introduces the application of RF reflectors to 5G mmWave, where line-of-sight (LoS) blockage is a major hindrance for the coverage. In particular, we investigate the lab measurement of RF reflectors, which is a critical step from the theory to the practice. Furthermore, through the lab measurement, a 3D near-field range migration (RM) imaging algorithm for MIMO array configuration is proposed, and the sampling scheme is improved to save the computation time while providing high-quality images.

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Sarker, Md Abdul Latif, Woosung Son, and Dong Seog Han. "RIS-Assisted Hybrid Beamforming and Connected User Vehicle Localization for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems." Sensors 23, no. 7 (April 3, 2023): 3713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23073713.

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A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a type of metasurface that can dynamically control the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, by changing its physical properties. Recently, RISs have played an important role in intelligently reshaping wireless propagation environments to improve the received signal gain as well as spectral efficiency performance. In this paper, we consider a millimeter wave (mmWave) vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in which, an RIS is deployed to aid downlink V2V data transmission. In particular, the line-of-sight path of the mmWave system is affected by blockages, resulting in higher signaling overhead. Thus, the system performance may suffer due to interruptions caused by static or mobile blockers, such as buildings, trees, vehicles, and pedestrians. In this paper, we propose an RIS-assisted hybrid beamforming scheme for blockage-aware mmWave V2V MIMO systems to increase communication service coverage. First, we propose a conjugate gradient and location-based hybrid beamforming (CG-LHB) algorithm to solve the user sub-rate maximization problem. We then propose a double-step iterative algorithm that utilizes an error covariance matrix splitting method to minimize the effect of location error on the passive beamforming. The proposed algorithms perform quite well when the channel uncertainty is smaller than 10%. Finally, the simulation results validate the proposed CG-LHB algorithm in terms of the RIS-assisted equivalent channel for mmWave V2V MIMO communications.

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Shahjehan, Waleed, Asad Riaz, Imran Khan, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Suleman Khan, and Muhammad Khurram Khan. "Bat algorithm-based beamforming for mmWave massive MIMO systems." International Journal of Communication Systems 33, no. 2 (September 10, 2019): e4182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.4182.

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Nassim, Aarab Mohamed, and Chakkor Otman. "Millimeter-Wave Channel Estimation using Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 4 (February 28, 2021): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d8597.0210421.

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With the explosive growth in demand for mobile data traffic, the contradiction between capacity requirements and spectrum scarcity becomes more and more prominent. The bandwidth is becoming a key issue in 5G mobile networks. However, with the huge bandwidth from 30 GHz to 300 GHz, mmWave communications considered an important part of the 5G mobile network providing multi communication services, where channel state information considers a challenging task for millimeter wave MIMO systems due to the huge number of antennas. Therefore, this paper discusses the channel and signal models of the mmWave, with a novel formulation for mmWave channel estimation inclusive low rank features, that we improved using a developed theory of matrix completion with Alternating Direction Method.

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Salehi, Pouria, Naser Parhizgar, and Farshad Pesaran. "A New Cooperative and Distributed Antenna Structure in Massive MIMO-NOMA Based on mmWave Transmission Scheme." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (October 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6717077.

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In this paper, we propose a new massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with a cooperative and distributed antenna structure based on a millimeter-wave (mmWave) transmission system. We proposed this method to obtain high energy efficiency (EE) and spectrum efficiency (SE) by using the mmWave transmission scheme. In the proposed system, the user selects a few nearby base stations (BS) to create a virtual cell to own the serving BS antenna set. We concentrate on the mmWave massive MIMO-NOMA scheme. In this scheme, a large number of BS antennas and users by uniform distributions (UD) are considered in a specific area. Also, we combine our proposed method by interleaving division multiple access (IDMA) and utilize the IMDA benefits for high-rate applications. The proposed transmission scheme significantly improves the performance output in terms of SE, EE, sum rate, and log sum rate, according to our simulation results.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MU mmWave MIMO communications'

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