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Journal articles on the topic 'MtgB'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kountz, Duncan J., Edward J. Behrman, Liwen Zhang, and Joseph A. Krzycki. "MtcB, a member of the MttB superfamily from the human gut acetogen Eubacterium limosum, is a cobalamin-dependent carnitine demethylase." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 34 (June 22, 2020): 11971–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.012934.

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The trimethylamine methyltransferase MttB is the first described member of a superfamily comprising thousands of microbial proteins. Most members of the MttB superfamily are encoded by genes that lack the codon for pyrrolysine characteristic of trimethylamine methyltransferases, raising questions about the activities of these proteins. The superfamily member MtcB is found in the human intestinal isolate Eubacterium limosum ATCC 8486, an acetogen that can grow by demethylation of l-carnitine. Here, we demonstrate that MtcB catalyzes l-carnitine demethylation. When growing on l-carnitine, E. limosum excreted the unusual biological product norcarnitine as well as acetate, butyrate, and caproate. Cellular extracts of E. limosum grown on l-carnitine, but not lactate, methylated cob-(I)alamin or tetrahydrofolate using l-carnitine as methyl donor. MtcB, along with the corrinoid protein MtqC and the methylcorrinoid:tetrahydrofolate methyltransferase MtqA, were much more abundant in E. limosum cells grown on l-carnitine than on lactate. Recombinant MtcB methylates either cob(I)alamin or Co(I)-MtqC in the presence of l-carnitine and, to a much lesser extent, γ-butyrobetaine. Other quaternary amines were not substrates. Recombinant MtcB, MtqC, and MtqA methylated tetrahydrofolate via l-carnitine, forming a key intermediate in the acetogenic Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. To our knowledge, MtcB methylation of cobalamin or Co(I)-MtqC represents the first described mechanism of biological l-carnitine demethylation. The conversion of l-carnitine and its derivative γ-butyrobetaine to trimethylamine by the gut microbiome has been linked to cardiovascular disease. The activities of MtcB and related proteins in E. limosum might demethylate proatherogenic quaternary amines and contribute to the perceived health benefits of this human gut symbiont.
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2

Kavaleuskaya, A. I., and T. V. Ramanouskaya. "Evolutionary history of the MTG gene family in vertebrates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 64, no. 4 (November 7, 2019): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2019-64-4-391-402.

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The highly conserved MTG gene family includes three homologs in vertebrates (MTG8, MTGR1, MTG16) encoding transcriptional corepressors, which are important in haemopoiesis, neurogenesis and epithelial stem cell differentiation. These genes are of particular interest because they are involved in translocations, associated with different types of cancer. Looking at how this gene family evolved might provide insights into history of its structural and functional diversification. We have performed a phylogenetic analysis of MTG nucleotide and protein sequences to examine the evolutionary events. The domain organization of MTG gene products was clarified, the mechanism of appearance of the first MTG gene was revealed and the ancestor taxon was determined. Also the mechanism of MTG gene family emergence was established. In addition, analysis of the rates of evolution acting on individual domains was made, and conservative positions within each gene of MTG family were determined.
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3

Campanari, Stefano, and Ennio Macchi. "Technical and Tariff Scenarios Effect on Microturbine Trigenerative Applications." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1762904.

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The paper considers the use of gas fired micro turbine generators (MTG) for trigeneration (combined production of electricity, heating, and cooling) applications in tertiary buildings. The importance of the adopted MTG technology is investigated, showing that the high electrical efficiency levels achievable by future advanced ceramic MTGs would improve dramatically the economic competitiveness of the application, as well as the primary energy savings and environmental benefits. Calculations are performed by the simulation code TRIGEN, capable of optimizing the plant operating mode in each time step and integrating the results over the entire year. The requirement of a “target” energy saving index on the optimization procedure is also addressed.
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4

Song, Rui Yin, Xian Cheng Wang, and Mei Qin Zhang. "Research for Combustor Based on Micro-Thermoelectric Generator Device." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2509.

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Micro-thermoelectric generator device (MTGD) is used to supply lasting electrical energy for Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). As an important part of MTGD, micro-combustor with high energy density has direct influence on the total electrical generating efficiency for MTG. D In this paper, Considering some parameters such as material, dimension, flux of fuel and shape of thermal conductive tunnel for micro-combustor, some simulation models such as thermal transfer, combustion for micro-combustor were built up, and some simulation results were got. Based upon, optimized micro flat combustors were designed and tested. The experiment results illustrated that the conduct efficiency of micro-combustor was well controlled by adjusting heat flux, and the combustor with shape of zigzag combustion tunnel has high thermal exchange efficiency in experiment models. By adjusting flux of fuel and the structure of micro premixed combustor, the heat loss of MTGD was reduced and output power was improved in a degree.
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5

Moore, Amy C., Joseph M. Amann, Christopher S. Williams, Emilios Tahinci, Tiffany E. Farmer, J. Andres Martinez, Genyan Yang, K. Scott Luce, Ethan Lee, and Scott W. Hiebert. "Myeloid Translocation Gene Family Members Associate with T-Cell Factors (TCFs) and Influence TCF-Dependent Transcription." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 3 (November 26, 2007): 977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01242-07.

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ABSTRACT Canonical Wnt signaling is mediated by a molecular “switch” that regulates the transcriptional properties of the T-cell factor (TCF) family of DNA-binding proteins. Members of the myeloid translocation gene (MTG) family of transcriptional corepressors are frequently disrupted by chromosomal translocations in acute myeloid leukemia, whereas MTG16 may be inactivated in up to 40% of breast cancer and MTG8 is a candidate cancer gene in colorectal carcinoma. Genetic studies imply that this corepressor family may function in stem cells. Given that mice lacking Myeloid Translocation Gene Related-1 (Mtgr1) fail to maintain the secretory lineage in the small intestine, we surveyed transcription factors that might recruit Mtgr1 in intestinal stem cells or progenitor cells and found that MTG family members associate specifically with TCF4. Coexpression of β-catenin disrupted the association between these corepressors and TCF4. Furthermore, when expressed in Xenopus embryos, MTG family members inhibited axis formation and impaired the ability of β-catenin and XLef-1 to induce axis duplication, indicating that MTG family members act downstream of β-catenin. Moreover, we found that c-Myc, a transcriptional target of the Wnt pathway, was overexpressed in the small intestines of mice lacking Mtgr1, thus linking inactivation of Mtgr1 to the activation of a potent oncogene.
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6

Amann, Joseph M., Brenda J. Irvin Chyla, Tiffany C. Ellis, Andres Martinez, Amy C. Moore, Jeffrey L. Franklin, Laura McGhee, et al. "Mtgr1 Is a Transcriptional Corepressor That Is Required for Maintenance of the Secretory Cell Lineage in the Small Intestine." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 21 (November 1, 2005): 9576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.21.9576-9585.2005.

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ABSTRACT Two members of the MTG/ETO family of transcriptional corepressors, MTG8 and MTG16, are disrupted by chromosomal translocations in up to 15% of acute myeloid leukemia cases. The third family member, MTGR1, was identified as a factor that associates with the t(8;21) fusion protein RUNX1-MTG8. We demonstrate that Mtgr1 associates with mSin3A, N-CoR, and histone deacetylase 3 and that when tethered to DNA, Mtgr1 represses transcription, suggesting that Mtgr1 also acts as a transcriptional corepressor. To define the biological function of Mtgr1, we created Mtgr1-null mice. These mice are proportionally smaller than their littermates during embryogenesis and throughout their life span but otherwise develop normally. However, these mice display a progressive reduction in the secretory epithelial cell lineage in the small intestine. This is not due to the loss of small intestinal progenitor cells expressing Gfi1, which is required for the formation of goblet and Paneth cells, implying that loss of Mtgr1 impairs the maturation of secretory cells in the small intestine.
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7

Picking, Jonathan W., Edward J. Behrman, Liwen Zhang, and Joseph A. Krzycki. "MtpB, a member of the MttB superfamily from the human intestinal acetogen Eubacterium limosum, catalyzes proline betaine demethylation." Journal of Biological Chemistry 294, no. 37 (July 24, 2019): 13697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.009886.

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8

Parker, Ian. "Micro-naciones del sí-mismo en tiempos de guerra: Análisis de discurso y psicología." Universitas Psychologica 12, no. 1 (June 20, 2012): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy12-1.mtga.

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Este artículo considera problemas del análisis de discurso contemporáneo referidos a: su foco en la conversación cotidiana, las secuencias formales, la explicación correcta y la segregación disciplinaria. Problemas que replican dificultades generales que muestra la disciplina de la psicología a saber: la mirada puesta sobre aquellos que están fuera de su dominio, el reduccionismo al nivel del individuo, la abstracción de la conducta y los procesos cognitivos, los reclamos a la autoridad interpretativa y la evitación de la política como tal). Aproximaciones a la práctica discursiva son descritos desde dentro de una de las recién formadas micro-naciones la cual a su vez provee una nueva manera de pensar el papel de la psicología en procesos sociales más amplios. Los siguientes principios alternativos para la práctica discursiva se derivan de esta descripción: dirigir la mirada de nuevo sobre la psicología y las fuerzas ideológicas que le dieron cabida; tratar las formas de representación como puntos para el ejercer el poder; analizar las formas sociales de manera situada contextual e históricamente; destacar formas de práctica discursiva que abren espacios para la argumentación acerca de la naturaleza de la interpretación; y conectar las contradictorias fuerzas afectivas individuales con la lucha política.
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9

Schuhmayer, Wolfgang A. "Panikattacken – mTGT ohne Pharmakotherapie." psychopraxis. neuropraxis 19, no. 1 (October 22, 2015): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00739-015-0289-3.

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10

Maiti, Priyanka, Hana Antonicka, Anne-Claude Gingras, Eric A. Shoubridge, and Antoni Barrientos. "Human GTPBP5 (MTG2) fuels mitoribosome large subunit maturation by facilitating 16S rRNA methylation." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 14 (July 11, 2020): 7924–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa592.

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Abstract Biogenesis of mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) involves several conserved small GTPases. Here, we report that the Obg family protein GTPBP5 or MTG2 is a mitochondrial protein whose absence in a TALEN-induced HEK293T knockout (KO) cell line leads to severely decreased levels of the 55S monosome and attenuated mitochondrial protein synthesis. We show that a fraction of GTPBP5 co-sediments with the large mitoribosome subunit (mtLSU), and crosslinks specifically with the 16S rRNA, and several mtLSU proteins and assembly factors. Notably, the latter group includes MTERF4, involved in monosome assembly, and MRM2, the methyltransferase that catalyzes the modification of the 16S mt-rRNA A-loop U1369 residue. The GTPBP5 interaction with MRM2 was also detected using the proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) assay. In GTPBP5-KO mitochondria, the mtLSU lacks bL36m, accumulates an excess of the assembly factors MTG1, GTPBP10, MALSU1 and MTERF4, and contains hypomethylated 16S rRNA. We propose that GTPBP5 primarily fuels proper mtLSU maturation by securing efficient methylation of two 16S rRNA residues, and ultimately serves to coordinate subunit joining through the release of late-stage mtLSU assembly factors. In this way, GTPBP5 provides an ultimate quality control checkpoint function during mtLSU assembly that minimizes premature subunit joining to ensure the assembly of the mature 55S monosome.
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11

Chemudupati, Mahesh, Aysha H. Osmani, and Stephen A. Osmani. "A mitotic nuclear envelope tether for Gle1 also affects nuclear and nucleolar architecture." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 23 (November 15, 2016): 3757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0544.

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During Aspergillus nidulans mitosis, peripheral nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins (Nups) disperse from the core NPC structure. Unexpectedly, one predicted peripheral Nup, Gle1, remains at the mitotic nuclear envelope (NE) via an unknown mechanism. Gle1 affinity purification identified mitotic tether for Gle1 (MtgA), which tethers Gle1 to the NE during mitosis but not during interphase when Gle1 is at NPCs. MtgA is the orthologue of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe telomere-anchoring inner nuclear membrane protein Bqt4. Like Bqt4, MtgA has meiotic roles, but it is functionally distinct from Bqt4 because MtgA is not required for tethering telomeres to the NE. Domain analyses showed that MtgA targeting to the NE requires its C-terminal transmembrane domain and a nuclear localization signal. Of importance, MtgA functions beyond Gle1 mitotic targeting and meiosis and affects nuclear and nucleolar architecture when deleted or overexpressed. Deleting MtgA generates small, round nuclei, whereas overexpressing MtgA generates larger nuclei with altered nuclear compartmentalization resulting from NE expansion around the nucleolus. The accumulation of MtgA around the nucleolus promotes a similar accumulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein Erg24, reducing its levels in the ER. This study extends the functions of Bqt4-like proteins to include mitotic Gle1 targeting and modulation of nuclear and nucleolar architecture.
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12

Möker, Nina, Philipp Reihlen, Reinhard Krämer, and Susanne Morbach. "Osmosensing Properties of the Histidine Protein Kinase MtrB fromCorynebacterium glutamicum." Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, no. 38 (July 23, 2007): 27666–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m701749200.

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The MtrB-MtrA two component system of Corynebacterium glutamicum was recently shown to be in involved in the osmostress response as well as cell wall metabolism. To address the question of whether the histidine protein kinase MtrB is an osmosensor, the kinase was purified and reconstituted into liposomes in a functionally active form. The activity regulation was investigated by varying systematically physicochemical parameters, which are putative stimuli that could be used by the bacterial cell to detect osmotic conditions. Membrane shrinkage was ruled out as a stimulus for activation of MtrB. Instead, MtrB was shown to be activated upon the addition of various chemical compounds, like sugars, amino acids, and polyethylene glycols. Because of the different chemical nature of the solutes, it seems unlikely that they bind to a specific binding site. Instead, they are proposed to act via a change of the hydration state of the protein shifting MtrB into the active state. For MtrB activation it was essential that these solutes were added at the same side as the cytoplasmic domains of the kinase were located, indicating that hypertonicity is sensed by MtrB via cytoplasmatically located protein domains. This was confirmed by the analysis of two MtrB mutants in which either the large periplasmic loop or the HAMP domain was deleted. These mutants were regulated similar to wild type MtrB. Thus, we postulate that MtrB belongs to a class of histidine protein kinases that sense environmental changes at cytoplasmatic protein domains independently of the periplasmic loop and the cytoplasmic HAMP domain.
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13

Ducharme, Jeremy B., Ann L. Gibson, and Christine M. Mermier. "Effect of Predicted Versus Measured Thoracic Gas Volume on Body Fat Percentage in Young Adults." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 31, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0342.

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The BodPod® (COSMED, Concord, CA) uses predicted (pTGV) or measured thoracic gas volume (mTGV) during estimations of percentage body fat (%BF). In young adults, there is inconsistent evidence on the variation between pTGV and mTGV, and the effect of sex as a potential covariate on this relationship is unknown. This study examined the difference between TGV assessments and its effect on %BF and potential sex differences that may impact this relationship. A retrospective analysis of BodPod® pTGV and mTGV for 95 men and 86 women ages 18–30 years was performed. Predicted TGV was lower than mTGV for men (−0.49 ± 0.7 L; p < .0001). For men, %BF derived by pTGV was lower than that by mTGV (−1.3 ± 1.8%; p < .0001). For women, no differences were found between pTGV and mTGV (−0.08 ± 0.6 L; p > .05) or %BF (−0.03 ± 0.2%; p > .05). The two-predictor model of sex and height was able to account for 57.9% of the variance in mTGV, F(2, 178) = 122.5, p < .0001. Sex corrected for the effect of height was a significant predictor of mTGV (β = 0.483 L, p < .0001). There is bias for pTGV to underestimate mTGV in individuals with a large mTGV, which can lead to significant underestimations of %BF in young adults; this was especially evident for men in this study. Sex is an important covariate that should be considered when deciding to use pTGV. The results indicate that TGV should be measured whenever possible for both men and women ages 18–30 years.
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14

Kitabayashi, Issay, Kohmei Ida, Fumiko Morohoshi, Akihiko Yokoyama, Naoko Mitsuhashi, Kimiko Shimizu, Nobuo Nomura, Yasuhide Hayashi, and Misao Ohki. "The AML1-MTG8 Leukemic Fusion Protein Forms a Complex with a Novel Member of the MTG8(ETO/CDR) Family, MTGR1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 846–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.2.846.

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ABSTRACT The AML1-CBFβ transcription factor complex is essential for the definitive hematopoiesis of all lineages and is the most frequent target of chromosomal rearrangements in human leukemia. In the t(8;21) translocation associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), theAML1(CBFA2/PEBP2αB) gene is juxtaposed to theMTG8(ETO/CDR) gene. We show here that the resultant AML1-MTG8 gene product specifically and strongly interacts with an 85-kDa phosphoprotein. Molecular cloning of cDNA indicated that the AML1-MTG8-binding protein (MTGR1) is highly related to MTG8 and similar to Drosophila Nervy. Comparison of amino acid sequences among MTGR1, MTG8, and Nervy revealed four evolutionarily conserved regions (NHR1 to NHR4). Ectopic expression of AML1-MTG8 in L-G murine myeloid progenitor cells inhibits differentiation to mature neutrophils and induces cell proliferation in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Analysis with C-terminal deletion mutants of AML1-MTG8 indicated that the region of 51 residues (488 to 538), which contains NHR2, is essential for the induction of G-CSF-dependent cell proliferation. Immunoprecipitation analysis indicates that this region is required for AML1-MTG8 to form a stable complex with MTGR1. Overexpression of MTGR1 stimulates AML1-MTG8 to induce G-CSF-dependent proliferation of L-G cells and to interfere with AML1-dependent transcription. These results suggest that AML1-MTG8 could function as a complex with MTGR1 and that the complex might be important in promoting leukemogenesis.
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15

Heidenreich, Olaf, Jürgen Krauter, Heidemarie Riehle, Philipp Hadwiger, Matthias John, Gerhard Heil, Hans-Peter Vornlocher, and Alfred Nordheim. "AML1/MTG8 oncogene suppression by small interfering RNAs supports myeloid differentiation of t(8;21)-positive leukemic cells." Blood 101, no. 8 (April 15, 2003): 3157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-05-1589.

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Abstract The translocation t(8;21) yields the leukemic fusion gene AML1/MTG8 and is associated with 10%-15% of all de novo cases of acute myeloid leukemia. We demonstrate the efficient and specific suppression of AML1/MTG8 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in the human leukemic cell lines Kasumi-1 and SKNO-1. siRNAs targeted against the fusion site of the AML1/MTG8 mRNA reduce the levels of AML1/MTG8 without affecting the amount of wild-type AML1. These data argue against a transitive RNA interference mechanism potentially induced by siRNAs in such leukemic cells. Depletion of AML1/MTG8 correlates with an increased susceptibility of both Kasumi-1 and SKNO-1 cells to tumor growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)/vitamin D3–induced differentiation, leading to increased expression of CD11b, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor, and C/EBPα (CAAT/enhancer binding protein). Moreover, siRNA-mediated AML1/MTG8 suppression results in changes in cell shape and, in combination with TGFβ1/vitamin D3, severely reduces clonogenicity of Kasumi-1 cells. These results suggest an important role for AML1/MTG8 in preventing differentiation, thereby propagating leukemic blast cells. Therefore, siRNAs are promising tools for a functional analysis of AML1/MTG8 and may be used in a molecularly defined therapeutic approach for t(8;21)-positive leukemia.
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16

Kang, Seung-Woo, and Young-Jae Kim. "Analysis of Relationship between Modified Planned Behavior Theory (MTPB) and Serious Leisure by Leisure Type." Korean Journal of Sports Science 28, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2019.04.28.2.187.

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17

Möker, Nina, Jens Krämer, Gottfried Unden, Reinhard Krämer, and Susanne Morbach. "In Vitro Analysis of the Two-Component System MtrB-MtrA from Corynebacterium glutamicum." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 9 (February 9, 2007): 3645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01920-06.

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ABSTRACT The two-component system MtrBA is involved in the osmostress response of Corynebacterium glutamicum. MtrB was reconstituted in a functionally active form in liposomes and showed autophosphorylation and phosphatase activity. In proteoliposomes, MtrB activity was stimulated by monovalent cations used by many osmosensors for the detection of hypertonicity. Although MtrB was activated by monovalent cations, they lead in vitro to a general stabilization of histidine kinases and do not represent the stimulus for MtrB to sense hyperosmotic stress.
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18

Shimada, Hiroyuki, Hitoshi Ichikawa, Sawako Nakamura, Rieko Katsu, Mitsuteru Iwasa, Issay Kitabayashi, and Misao Ohki. "Analysis of genes under the downstream control of the t(8;21) fusion protein AML1-MTG8: overexpression of the TIS11b(ERF-1, cMG1) gene induces myeloid cell proliferation in response to G-CSF." Blood 96, no. 2 (July 15, 2000): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.2.655.

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Abstract The AML1-MTG8 fusion transcription factor generated by t(8;21) translocation is thought to dysregulate genes that are crucial for normal differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors to cause acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Although AML1-MTG8 has been shown to repress the transcription of AML1 targets, none of the known targets of AML1 are probably responsible for AML1-MTG8-mediated leukemogenesis. In this study, 24 genes under the downstream control of AML1-MTG8 were isolated by using a differential display technique. Analysis with deletion mutants of AML1-MTG8 demonstrated that the regulation of the majority of these genes requires the region of 51 residues (488-538) containing the Nervy homology region 2 (NHR2), through which AML1-MTG8 interacts with MTGR1. Among the 24 genes identified, 10 were considered to be genes under the control of AML1, because their expression was altered by AML1b or AML1a or both. However, the other 14 genes were not affected by either AML1b or AML1a, suggesting the possibility that AML1-MTG8 regulates a number of specific target genes that are not normally regulated by AML1. Furthermore, an up-regulated gene, TIS11b (ERF-1,cMG1), was highly expressed in t(8;21) leukemic cells, and the overexpression of TIS11b induced myeloid cell proliferation in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. These results suggest that the high-level expression of TIS11b contributes to AML1-MTG8-mediated leukemogenesis.
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Shimada, Hiroyuki, Hitoshi Ichikawa, Sawako Nakamura, Rieko Katsu, Mitsuteru Iwasa, Issay Kitabayashi, and Misao Ohki. "Analysis of genes under the downstream control of the t(8;21) fusion protein AML1-MTG8: overexpression of the TIS11b(ERF-1, cMG1) gene induces myeloid cell proliferation in response to G-CSF." Blood 96, no. 2 (July 15, 2000): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.2.655.014k10_655_663.

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The AML1-MTG8 fusion transcription factor generated by t(8;21) translocation is thought to dysregulate genes that are crucial for normal differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors to cause acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Although AML1-MTG8 has been shown to repress the transcription of AML1 targets, none of the known targets of AML1 are probably responsible for AML1-MTG8-mediated leukemogenesis. In this study, 24 genes under the downstream control of AML1-MTG8 were isolated by using a differential display technique. Analysis with deletion mutants of AML1-MTG8 demonstrated that the regulation of the majority of these genes requires the region of 51 residues (488-538) containing the Nervy homology region 2 (NHR2), through which AML1-MTG8 interacts with MTGR1. Among the 24 genes identified, 10 were considered to be genes under the control of AML1, because their expression was altered by AML1b or AML1a or both. However, the other 14 genes were not affected by either AML1b or AML1a, suggesting the possibility that AML1-MTG8 regulates a number of specific target genes that are not normally regulated by AML1. Furthermore, an up-regulated gene, TIS11b (ERF-1,cMG1), was highly expressed in t(8;21) leukemic cells, and the overexpression of TIS11b induced myeloid cell proliferation in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. These results suggest that the high-level expression of TIS11b contributes to AML1-MTG8-mediated leukemogenesis.
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20

Davis, J. Nathan, Laura McGhee, and Shari Meyers. "The ETO (MTG8) gene family." Gene 303 (January 2003): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1119(02)01172-1.

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21

Tighe, JE, and F. Calabi. "Alternative, out-of-frame runt/MTG8 transcripts are encoded by the derivative (8) chromosome in the t(8;21) of acute myeloid leukemia M2." Blood 84, no. 7 (October 1, 1994): 2115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.7.2115.2115.

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Abstract In the t(8;21) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2, breakpoints are clustered on both chromosomes. The chromosome 21 breakpoint cluster region (bcr) falls within the runt locus, in the intron immediately downstream of the exons encoding an evolutionary conserved domain (the runt box). Transcripts in which the runt box is fused in frame to a novel sequence derived from chromosome 8 (MTG8) have been previously identified and have been assumed to constitute a critical leukemogenic event. Here we show physical linkage of the chromosome 8 bcr to the MTG8 locus. Unexpectedly, not only does the bcr map upstream of the most 5′ MTG8 exon found in runt/MTG8 fusion transcripts, but it also maps upstream of a further 5′ exon. In addition, we demonstrate the presence of alternative transcripts, originating from the der(8) chromosome, in which runt is out of frame with MTG8. Thus, runt truncation per se, rather than its fusion to MTG8, may be the crucial leukemogenic event.
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22

Tighe, JE, and F. Calabi. "Alternative, out-of-frame runt/MTG8 transcripts are encoded by the derivative (8) chromosome in the t(8;21) of acute myeloid leukemia M2." Blood 84, no. 7 (October 1, 1994): 2115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.7.2115.bloodjournal8472115.

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In the t(8;21) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2, breakpoints are clustered on both chromosomes. The chromosome 21 breakpoint cluster region (bcr) falls within the runt locus, in the intron immediately downstream of the exons encoding an evolutionary conserved domain (the runt box). Transcripts in which the runt box is fused in frame to a novel sequence derived from chromosome 8 (MTG8) have been previously identified and have been assumed to constitute a critical leukemogenic event. Here we show physical linkage of the chromosome 8 bcr to the MTG8 locus. Unexpectedly, not only does the bcr map upstream of the most 5′ MTG8 exon found in runt/MTG8 fusion transcripts, but it also maps upstream of a further 5′ exon. In addition, we demonstrate the presence of alternative transcripts, originating from the der(8) chromosome, in which runt is out of frame with MTG8. Thus, runt truncation per se, rather than its fusion to MTG8, may be the crucial leukemogenic event.
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Rehman, Rabia, Farah Kanwal, and Liviu Mitu. "Microwave Treated Gardenia Jasminoides Leaves for Adsorptive Removal of Direct Red-28 Dye in Environmental Benign Way." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 12 (January 15, 2019): 3445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.12.6766.

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In this work, microwave treated Gardenia jasminoides leaves (MTGL) were employed to remove Direct Red-28 (DR) dye from aqueous medium. Most of DR dye contents removed within 30 minutes at pH 2 and 350 ppm dye concentration by 0.02 mg MTGL. Maximum dye adsorbed by MTGL (88.50 mg/g) was approximately triple than non treated simple Gardenia jasminoides leaves (34.13 mg/g). Adsorption modelling of equilibrium data indicated that removal of DR dye by MTGL followed Langmuir, Freundlich and pseudo-second order kinetic models, having exothermic nature. Desorption studies indicated the reusability of MTGL on larger scale. So it is clear that Gardenia jasminoide leaves can be used on larger scale for anionic dye removal after treatment with formalin in efficient manner.
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24

Naquin, M. R., and Glen G. Gilbert. "College Students' Smoking Behavior, Perceived Stress, and Coping Styles." Journal of Drug Education 26, no. 4 (December 1996): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mtg0-dcce-yr29-jlt3.

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The purpose of this study was to examine college students' smoking behavior as well as their current smoking status and its effects on perceived levels of stress and coping styles. Students from four universities completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and a smoking questionnaire. Of the 1330 students who participated in the study, 19 percent were current smokers. On the Perceived Stress Scale, current smokers' mean score was significantly higher than that of the students who had never smoked. In addition, the current smokers' mean score for Emotion-oriented Coping was significantly higher than that of the students who had never smoked or formerly smoked. The former smokers' mean score on Avoidance-oriented Coping was significantly lower than the never and the current smokers. Ten percent of the students smoked their first cigarette after high school, while 11 percent started to smoke on a daily basis after high school. Based on the findings, programs that focus on smoking prevention and cessation for college students are recommended.
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25

Liu, Bo, and Montgomery T. SHAW. "Electrorheological Effects of ER Gels Containing Iron Particles." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 12, no. 1 (January 2001): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/2vdv-2y83-mtgy-gdfh.

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26

Barrientos, Antoni, Daniel Korr, Karen J. Barwell, Christian Sjulsen, Carl D. Gajewski, Giovanni Manfredi, Sharon Ackerman, and Alexander Tzagoloff. "MTG1 Codes for a Conserved Protein Required for Mitochondrial Translation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 6 (June 2003): 2292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-10-0636.

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The MTG1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, corresponding to ORF YMR097c on chromosome XIII, codes for a mitochondrial protein essential for respiratory competence. A human homologue of Mtg1p capable of partially rescuing the respiratory deficiency of a yeast mtg1 mutant has also been localized in mitochondria. Mtg1p is a member of a family of GTPases with largely unknown functions. The respiratory deficiency of mtg1 mutants stems from a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Mutations in the 21S rRNA locus are able to suppress the translation defect of mtg1 null mutants. This points to the 21S rRNA or the large ribosomal subunit as the most likely target of Mtg1p action. The presence of mature size 15S and 21S mitochondrial rRNAs in mtg1 mutants excludes Mtg1p from being involved in transcription or processing of these RNAs. More likely, Mtg1p functions in assembly of the large ribosomal subunit. This is consistent with the peripheral localization of Mtg1p on the matrix side of the inner membrane and the results of in vivo mitochondrial translation assays in a temperature-sensitive mtg1 mutant.
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27

Rosenblatt, Steven, Keith Kirts, and Michael T. Greenwood. "The Birth of Acupuncture in America: The White Crane's Gift." Medical Acupuncture 29, no. 5 (October 2017): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acu.2017.29060.mtg.

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28

Burk, Larry, Kathleen O'Keefe-Kanavos, Bernie S. Siegel, and Michael T. Greenwood. "Dreams That Can Save Your Life: Early Warning Signs of Cancer and Other Diseases." Medical Acupuncture 30, no. 4 (August 2018): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acu.2018.29088.mtg.

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29

Dempsey, Laurie A. "Exploitation by Mtb." Nature Immunology 18, no. 6 (June 2017): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni.3761.

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30

Liu, Cang-Li. "A Study on the Behavioral Intention of Chinese Rural Tourists : Using Modified Theory of Planned Behavior(MTPB)." Journal of Tourism Enhancement 9, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35498/kotes.2021.9.2.039.

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31

Rissman, Jesse, James C. Eliassen, and Sheila E. Blumstein. "An Event-Related fMRI Investigation of Implicit Semantic Priming." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, no. 8 (November 1, 2003): 1160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903322598120.

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The neural basis underlying implicit semantic priming was investigated using event-related fMRI. Prime-target pairs were presented auditorily for lexical decision (LD) on the target stimulus, which was either semantically related or unrelated to the prime, or was a nonword. A tone task was also administered as a control. Behaviorally, all participants demonstrated semantic priming in the LD task. fMRI results showed that for all three conditions of the LD task, activation was seen in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and the inferior parietal lobe, with greater activation in the unrelated and nonword conditions than in the related condition. Direct comparisons of the related and unrelated conditions revealed foci in the left STG, left precentral gyrus, left and right MTGs, and right caudate, exhibiting significantly lower activation levels in the related condition. The reduced activity in the temporal lobe suggests that the perception of the prime word activates a lexical— semantic network that shares common elements with the target word, and, thus, the target can be recognized with enhanced neural efficiency. The frontal lobe reductions most likely reflect the increased efficiency in monitoring the activation of lexical representations in the temporal lobe, making a decision, and planning the appropriate motor response.
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32

Derouaux, Adeline, Benoît Wolf, Claudine Fraipont, Eefjan Breukink, Martine Nguyen-Distèche, and Mohammed Terrak. "The Monofunctional Glycosyltransferase of Escherichia coli Localizes to the Cell Division Site and Interacts with Penicillin-Binding Protein 3, FtsW, and FtsN." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 5 (December 28, 2007): 1831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01377-07.

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ABSTRACT The monofunctional peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (MtgA) catalyzes glycan chain elongation of the bacterial cell wall. Here we show that MtgA localizes at the division site of Escherichia coli cells that are deficient in PBP1b and produce a thermosensitive PBP1a and is able to interact with three constituents of the divisome, PBP3, FtsW, and FtsN, suggesting that MtgA may play a role in peptidoglycan assembly during the cell cycle in collaboration with other proteins.
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33

Kozu, T., H. Miyoshi, K. Shimizu, N. Maseki, Y. Kaneko, H. Asou, N. Kamada, and M. Ohki. "Junctions of the AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion are constant in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction." Blood 82, no. 4 (August 15, 1993): 1270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.4.1270.bloodjournal8241270.

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The chromosomal translocation, t(8;21), is found frequently in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with maturation (FAB-M2). We have previously mapped the translocation breakpoints of t(8;21) in a specific intron of the AML1 gene on chromosome 21. In this study, we cloned cDNAs synthesized from a cell line carrying t(8;21) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using an AML1-specific primer. The analysis of the cDNAs structure has led to the identification of the fusion of AML1 with a gene named MTG8 on chromosome 8, which seems to be identical to ETO. Northern analysis using MTG8 (ETO) probes detected 7.8-kb and 6.2-kb RNAs and several minor RNAs in the cell line with t(8;21), but failed to detect any transcripts in a cell line without t(8;21). A set of primers were designed to detect the AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion by PCR. The PCR amplified identical products in all 6 patients and one cell line with t(8;21), suggesting that the AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion is a constant feature associated with t(8;21) and the junctions of the AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion are restricted in a unique site. Because the PCR detection of the AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion at the RNA level is highly sensitive, it can be used as a sensitive method for diagnosis and detection of minimal residual disease in t(8;21) leukemia.
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34

Hwang, Jong Sun. "The Effect of MTB Participating Motivation as Sports for All on the Intention to Continue Exercise." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 32 (May 31, 2008): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2008.05.32.595.

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35

Krishnakumar, Vivek, Maria Kim, Benjamin D. Rosen, Svetlana Karamycheva, Shelby L. Bidwell, Haibao Tang, and Christopher D. Town. "MTGD: The Medicago truncatula Genome Database." Plant and Cell Physiology 56, no. 1 (November 28, 2014): e1-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcu179.

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36

Ponthan, Frida, Hesta McNeill, Lars Buechler, Vasily Grinev, Josef Vormoor, and Olaf Heidenreich. "Significance of Fusion Genes for Maintenance of Leukaemia." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2455.2455.

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Abstract Abstract 2455 Background: MLL/AF4 and AML1/MTG8 are fusion genes most frequently found in infant acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), respectively. We have previously shown that transient siRNA mediated knock-down of MLL/AF4 and AML/MTG8 impairs proliferation and clonogenicity in vitro and causes a significant increase in median survival in a xeno-transplantation model. Aims: We investigated the role of MLL/AF4 and AML1/MTG8 in leukaemic maintenance and progression of established disease in vivo. We used an inducible lentiviral shRNA expression system to determine the effects of knockdown of MLL/AF4 in the t(4;11)-positive SEM cell line and of AML1/MTG8 in the t(8;21)-positive human leukaemic cell line Kasumi-1. In addition, to allow in vivo imaging SEM and Kasumi-1 cells were labelled with luciferase. Methods: shRNA cassettes specifically targeting the MLL/AF4 and the AML1/MTG8 fusions were cloned into the pTRIPZ vector where shRNA expression and RFP expression are both induced by doxycycline. Luciferase labelled SEM and Kasumi-1 cells were transduced with lentiviral particles, selected with puromycin and transduction efficiency was determined by quantification of RFP positive cells using flow cytometry. Experiments were initiated when more than 65% of the cell populations expressed RFP. Knockdown and expression of known targets of the fusion genes were verified at both the RNA and protein level by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Cell growth was monitored by cell counts. Immunodeficient NSG mice were given doxycycline in the diet (625ppm) from two days prior to intrafemoral transplantations with 106 luciferase labelled SEM and Kasumi cells transduced with pTRIPZshAML1/MTG8 or pTRIPZshMLL/AF4. The food was changed every other day and disease progression was monitored using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Results: Upon induction of shRNA expression in vitro Kasumi-1 cells transduced with pTRIPZshAML1/MTG8 showed decreased expression of AML1/MTG8 at protein and RNA levels, which correlated with impaired proliferation. Furthermore, the AML1/MTG8 knockdown resulted in decreased CD34 expression and increased levels of IGFBP7 and PRG2. Induction of shMLL/AF4 expression in SEM cells resulted in decreased expression levels of MLL/AF4 with concomitant decreased expression of HOXA7. However, the number of RFP positive SEM pTRIPZshMLL/AF4 cells decreased over time. When we investigated the in vivo consequences of fusion-gene knockdown in transplanted NSG mice we found no significant differences in overall survival. Notably, mice transplanted with pTRIPZshAML1/MTG8-transduced Kasumi-1 cells showed a lower grade of disseminated disease compared to mice transplanted with pTRIPZshMLL/AF4-transduced Kasumi-1 cells. Furthermore, tumours from these mice had significantly lower RNA and protein levels of AML1/MTG8 (p<0.05). We could not verify knockdown of MLL/AF4 in tumour cells harvested from mice transplanted with SEM pTRIPZshMLL/AF4. Interestingly, these cells showed a complete loss of RFP expression compared to SEM transduced with pTRIPZshAML1/MTG8 (p<0.05). Conclusions: Knockdown of MLL/AF4 and AML1/MTG8 in vitro using an inducible shRNA system led to decreased proliferation and affected genes associated with differentiation. However, the effects were delayed compared to transient siRNA knockdown. In vivo optical imaging is a useful tool to monitor leukaemic progression in vivo. The technique gives information about location and degree of disease dissemination in addition to the overall survival. The loss of RFP expression particularly in SEM pTRIPZshMLL/AF4 cells both in vitro and in vivo highlights the significance of MLL/AF4 in leukaemic maintenance. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are currently ongoing with knockdown of AML1/MTG8 and MLL/AF4 in alternative cell lines and primary patient-derived material. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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37

Kozu, T., H. Miyoshi, K. Shimizu, N. Maseki, Y. Kaneko, H. Asou, N. Kamada, and M. Ohki. "Junctions of the AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion are constant in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction." Blood 82, no. 4 (August 15, 1993): 1270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.4.1270.1270.

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Abstract The chromosomal translocation, t(8;21), is found frequently in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with maturation (FAB-M2). We have previously mapped the translocation breakpoints of t(8;21) in a specific intron of the AML1 gene on chromosome 21. In this study, we cloned cDNAs synthesized from a cell line carrying t(8;21) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using an AML1-specific primer. The analysis of the cDNAs structure has led to the identification of the fusion of AML1 with a gene named MTG8 on chromosome 8, which seems to be identical to ETO. Northern analysis using MTG8 (ETO) probes detected 7.8-kb and 6.2-kb RNAs and several minor RNAs in the cell line with t(8;21), but failed to detect any transcripts in a cell line without t(8;21). A set of primers were designed to detect the AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion by PCR. The PCR amplified identical products in all 6 patients and one cell line with t(8;21), suggesting that the AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion is a constant feature associated with t(8;21) and the junctions of the AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion are restricted in a unique site. Because the PCR detection of the AML1/MTG8(ETO) fusion at the RNA level is highly sensitive, it can be used as a sensitive method for diagnosis and detection of minimal residual disease in t(8;21) leukemia.
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38

Ramachandra, Lakshmi, Erika Noss, W. Henry Boom, and Clifford V. Harding. "Processing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen 85B Involves Intraphagosomal Formation of Peptide–Major Histocompatibility Complex II Complexes and Is Inhibited by Live Bacilli that Decrease Phagosome Maturation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 194, no. 10 (November 12, 2001): 1421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.194.10.1421.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) inhibits phagosomal maturation to promote its survival inside macrophages. Control of MTB infection requires CD4 T cell responses and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (MHC-II) processing of MTB antigens (Ags). To investigate phagosomal processing of MTB Ags, phagosomes containing heat-killed (HK) or live MTB were purified from interferon-γ (IFN-γ)–activated macrophages by differential centrifugation and Percoll density gradient subcellular fractionation. Flow organellometry and Western blot analysis showed that MTB phagosomes acquired lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1), MHC-II, and H2-DM. T hybridoma cells were used to detect MTB Ag 85B(241–256)–I-Ab complexes in isolated phagosomes and other subcellular fractions. These complexes appeared initially (within 20 min) in phagosomes and subsequently (&gt;20 min) on the plasma membrane, but never within late endocytic compartments. Macrophages processed HK MTB more rapidly and efficiently than live MTB; phagosomes containing live MTB expressed fewer Ag 85B(241–256)–I-Ab complexes than phagosomes containing HK MTB. This is the first study of bacterial Ag processing to directly show that peptide–MHC-II complexes are formed within phagosomes and not after export of bacterial Ags from phagosomes to endocytic Ag processing compartments. Live MTB can alter phagosome maturation and decrease MHC-II Ag processing, providing a mechanism for MTB to evade immune surveillance and enhance its survival within the host.
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39

Rasool, Ghulam, Arif Muhammad Khan, Raza Mohy-Ud-Din, and Muhammad Riaz. "Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in AFB smear-negative sputum specimens through MTB culture and GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 33 (January 2019): 205873841982717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058738419827174.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health issue around the globe which is a chronic infectious disease and is still one of the major challenges for developing countries. The emergence of drug-resistant TB makes the condition worse and there is an urgent need of fast, highly sensitive diagnostic methods. This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay and MTB culture for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in sputum smear-negative pulmonary TB/drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) suspects. A total of 168 sputum smear-negative TB suspects were recruited for the study. Among the suspected TB cases, 52.98% were male and 47.02% were females with the mean age of 42 ± 17.6 years. All the sputum specimens collected from the study population were subjected to Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy, GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, and MTB culture. The results revealed that, out of 168 acid-fast bacilli (AFB)/ZN smear microscopy–negative sputum specimens, 48 (28.57%) and 58 (34.52%) were detected MTB positive by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and MTB culture, respectively, while 120 (71.43%) and 110 (65.48%) suspected TB cases were confirmed negative by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and MTB culture, respectively. The study concluded that GeneXpert assay was found to be a rapid and accurate tool for MTB detection in smear-negative sputum specimens. GeneXpert has advantage over ZN smear microscopy and MTB culture as it detects MTB and rifampicin resistance simultaneously within 2 h with minimal biohazards.
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40

Pan, Sheng-Wei, Wei-Juin Su, Yu-Jiun Chan, Fan-Yi Chuang, Jia-Yih Feng, and Yuh-Min Chen. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis–derived circulating cell-free DNA in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and persons with latent tuberculosis infection." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 24, 2021): e0253879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253879.

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Objectives The timely diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is challenging. Although pathogen-derived circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been detected in humans, the significance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-cfDNA detection in patients with PTB remains unclear. Methods This study enrolled patients with PTB and persons with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) as the study and control groups, respectively, from 2018 to 2020. We measured interferon-γ levels and calculated blood monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). We conducted plasma cfDNA extraction, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and droplet digital PCR targeting the IS6110 gene of MTB. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of using MTB-cfDNA to identify PTB and analyzed the factors associated with PTB diagnosis and MTB-cfDNA positivity. Results We enrolled 24 patients with PTB and 57 LTBI controls. The sensitivity of using MTB-cfDNA to identify PTB was 54.2%(13/24) in total and 46.2%(6/13) in smear-negative cases. Two LTBI controls (3.5%) tested positive for MTB-cfDNA, indicating a specificity of 96.5%(55/57). By using MTB-cfDNA positivity and an MLR ≥0.42 to identify PTB, sensitivity increased to 79.2%(19/24). Among patients with PTB, MTB-specific interferon-γ levels were higher in MTB-cfDNA positive participants than in those who tested negative (7.0 ±2.7 vs 2.7±3.0 IU/mL, p<0.001). MTB-cfDNA levels declined after 2 months of anti-tuberculosis therapy (p<0.001). Conclusion The sensitivity of using MTB-cfDNA to identify PTB in participants was 54.2%, which increased to 79.2% after incorporating an MLR ≥0.42 into the analysis. MTB-cfDNA positivity was associated with MTB-specific immune response, and MTB-cfDNA levels declined after treatment. The clinical value of MTB-cfDNA in PTB management necessitates further investigation.
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41

Steinauer, Nickolas, Chun Guo, and Jinsong Zhang. "Emerging Roles of MTG16 in Cell-Fate Control of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Cancer." Stem Cells International 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6301385.

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MTG16 (myeloid translocation gene on chromosome 16) and its related proteins, MTG8 and MTGR1, define a small family of transcriptional corepressors. These corepressors share highly conserved domain structures yet have distinct biological functions and tissue specificity. In vivo studies have shown that, of the three MTG corepressors, MTG16 is uniquely important for the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation and differentiation. Apart from this physiological function, MTG16 is also involved in carcinomas and leukemias, acting as the genetic target of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) aberrations in breast cancer and recurrent translocations in leukemia. The frequent involvement of MTG16 in these disease etiologies implies an important developmental role for this transcriptional corepressor. Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests that MTG16 indirectly alters the disease course of several leukemias via its regulatory interactions with a variety of pathologic fusion proteins. For example, a recent study has shown that MTG16 can repress not only wild-type E2A-mediated transcription, but also leukemia fusion protein E2A-Pbx1-mediated transcription, suggesting that MTG16 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in acute lymphoblastic leukemia expressing the E2A-Pbx1 fusion protein. Given that leukemia stem cells share similar regulatory pathways with normal HSPCs, studies to further understand how MTG16 regulates cell proliferation and differentiation could lead to novel therapeutic approaches for leukemia treatment.
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42

Velasco, John Mark, Noel Gaurano, Maria Theresa Valderama, Kathyleen Nogrado, Paula Corazon Diones, Ma Nila Lopez, Cynthia Liao, et al. "Multidrug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Among Military and Civilian Personnel seen at a Tertiary Military Hospital, Manila, Philippines (2015–2018)." Military Medicine 185, no. 7-8 (January 9, 2020): e1106-e1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz456.

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Abstract Introduction: About one third of the world population is estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), and this proportion is expected to be higher in countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden. The Philippines is both a high tuberculosis burden and a high multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden country. Though TB has been extensively described in the civilian population, there is limited data on TB in the military population. The objectives are: (1) To determine MTB/MDR-TB prevalence among military and civilian patients in the Philippines presenting with clinically suspected TB in a tertiary military hospital and (2) To determine performance of direct sputum smear microscopy (DSSM) using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining compared to Xpert MTB/RIF real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Materials and Methods: Sputum samples were obtained from patients, clinically suspected with TB, and/or with TB associated signs/symptoms. Sputum specimens were tested using DSSM with ZN staining and Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California) and patient demographic and clinical data were collected. Results: From March 2015 to December 2018, a total of 795 (173 military personnel [164 active duty and 9 retired]; 618 civilians; and 4 with no data on military/civilian status) patients with TB associated symptoms or clinically suspected with TB were tested. Overall, MTB prevalence was 81/795 (10%). MTB prevalence among active duty and retired military personnel were 27/164 (16%) and 4/9 (44%), respectively while MTB prevalence for civilian patients was 50/618 (8%) (p value = 0.0003; OR = 2.48 [95% C.I. 1.5–4]). Among active and retired military personnel who tested positive for MTB, rifampin resistance was 4/27 (15%) and 1/4 (25%), respectively, while rifampin resistance for civilian patients was 9/50 (18%) (p value = 1; OR = 0.88 [95% C.I. 0.26–2.90]). For active duty military personnel, average MTB prevalence (based on Xpert MTB/RIF) covering years 2015–2018 was 21% and ranged from 13% to 35%, while average rifampin resistance among MTB positive active duty military personnel was 15% and ranged from 0% to 25%. Overall sensitivity and specificity of DSSM compared to Xpert MTB/RIF were 70% and 96%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values of DSSM to accurately categorize MTB in symptomatic cases (with Xpert MTB/RIF as “true positive” reference) were 74% and 95%, respectively. Performance of DSSM varied according to MTB load detected by Xpert MTB/RIF with increasing DSSM sensitivity observed as the MTB load detected by Xpert MTB/RIF increased (p = 0.02). Conclusion: This report describes high MTB and MDR-TB prevalence rates among symptomatic military patients with military personnel having higher odds of MTB infection compared to the civilian patients in the study. Since DSSM (ZN) sensitivity greatly varied depending on MTB load, the Xpert MTB/RIF should be used as a first-line diagnostic tool to identify MTB and detect rifampin resistance among presumptive TB cases instead of DSSM (ZN) microscopy.
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43

Li, Shun, and Quan Xiao. "Classification and Improvement Strategy for Design Features of Mobile Tourist Guide Application: A Kano-IPA Approach." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (May 31, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8816130.

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An increasing number of people are using mobile applications to obtain travel-related information and activities due to the prosperity of the internet and mobile technologies nowadays. The design, development, and improvement of mobile tourist guide application (MTGA) are particularly important for travel-related companies. As an emerging application scenario of mobile technologies in the field of tourism, existing research on MTGA lacks analysis of its specific design, especially from the perspective of users to investigate the microscopic design features and improvement strategies. The Kano model was adopted by prior studies to analyse product quality attribute, while importance-performance analysis (IPA) was used to prioritize quality attributes for improvement. However, due to the limitation of the Kano model in neglecting the attribute performance and importance and the weakness of IPA in considering only the one-dimensional quality attributes, the use of single approach has its shortcomings for analysing the design features of MTGA. We attempt to integrate Kano model and IPA to conduct a study on the classification and improvement strategy issues for the design features of MTGA. Particularly, we identify design features of MTGA first, propose a method to classify them, and determine their priorities for developing and improving as well. An online questionnaire survey is conducted. The paper extends research on Kano model and IPA into the domain of mobile application design and provides insights into management strategies about the design of MTGA, which also offers novel and important implications for travel-related companies to increase the users’ satisfaction by optimizing their mobile application design.
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Araya, Bezalem Tesfaye, Kirubel Eshetu Ali, Dereje Assefa Geleta, Saba Gebremichael Tekele, and Kassu Desta Tulu. "Performance of the Abbott RealTime MTB and RIF/INH resistance assays for the detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and resistance markers in sputum specimens." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): e0251602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251602.

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Background The Abbott RealTime MTB is an assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex DNA from respiratory specimens in combination with the Abbott RealTime RIF/INH assay for the detection of genetic resistance markers for isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) from MTB positive isolates. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Abbott RealTime MTB and RIF/INH assays. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 289 study subjects presumptive to have pulmonary tuberculosis at Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital, South Ethiopia from April 2017 to June 2018. Two morning expectorated sputum specimens were collected from each study participant. One sample was tested directly by Xpert MTB/RIF assay at Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Hospital and the other sample was used for smear microscopy, TB culture, Abbott RealTime MTB, and Abbott RealTime INH/RIF assays at International Clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The diagnostic performance of the Abbott RealTime MTB and INH/RIF assays were calculated against MGIT liquid culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) as the gold standard. Results For the detection of MTB the Abbott RealTime MTB assay exhibited sensitivity 92.4% (95% CI 83.6–96.9), specificity 95.4% (95% CI 91.1–97.7), PPV 89.0% (95% CI 79.7–94.5) and NPV 96.9% (95% CI 93.0–98.7). For the detection of RIF resistance MTB, Abbott RealTime MTB RIF/INH concurred with phenotypic DST and Xpert MTB/RIF, while for the detection of INH resistance MTB, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the Abbott MTB RIF/INH assay was 84.2% (95% CI 60.4–96.6), 100% (95% CI 89.7–100), 100% and 91.9% (95% CI 80.0–96.9), respectively. Conclusions The Abbott RTMTB and RIF/INH assays revealed high sensitivity and specificity in MTB diagnosis and provided reliable INH and RIF resistance profiles. This assay has a similar diagnostic performance to the Xpert MTB/RIF assay with the advantages of high-throughput.
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45

Du, Kun, Zhongmei Liu, Wenjing Cui, Li Zhou, Yi Liu, Guocheng Du, Jian Chen, and Zhemin Zhou. "pH-Dependent Activation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus Transglutaminase Mediated by Intein." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 2 (November 15, 2013): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02820-13.

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ABSTRACTMicrobial transglutaminase (MTG) fromStreptomycesis naturally secreted as a zymogen (pro-MTG), which is then activated by the removal of its N-terminal proregion by additional proteases. Inteins are protein-intervening sequences that catalyze protein splicing without cofactors. In this study, a pH-dependentSynechocystissp. strain PCC6803 DnaB mini-intein (SDB) was introduced into pro-MTG to simplify its activation process by controlling pH. The recombinant protein (pro-SDB-MTG) was obtained, and the activation process was determined to take 24 h at pH 7in vitro. To investigate the effect of the first residue in MTG on the activity and the cleavage time, two variants, pro-SDB-MTG(D1S) and pro-SDB-MTG(ΔD1), were expressed, and the activation time was found to be 6 h and 30 h, respectively. The enzymatic property and secondary structure of the recombinant MTG and two variants were similar to those of the wild type, indicating that the insertion of mini-intein did not affect the function of MTG. This insignificant effect was further illustrated by molecular dynamics simulations. This study revealed a controllable and effective strategy to regulate the activation process of pro-MTG mediated by a mini-intein, and it may have great potential for industrial MTG production.
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Nair, Vidhya, Haaris Khan, Ron Mitchell, and Michael U. Shiloh. "Role of M Cells in Human Mucosal Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx162.111.

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Abstract Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a bacterial pathogen that infects roughly one-third of the worldÕs population and causes 1–2 million deaths per year. The current paradigm is that phagocytosis of Mtb by patrolling alveolar macrophages initiates Mtb infection. While this model can account for pulmonary TB, it does not adequately explain the occurrence of extrapulmonary forms of TB that manifest in the absence of obvious lung involvement, such as tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis, also known as scrofula. We hypothesized that specialized epithelial cells called microfold cells (M cells) may be an alternate portal of entry for Mtb. Previously we demonstrated that Mtb is able to transcytose across an epithelial barrier in an M cell dependent manner and that M cell mediated transcytosis is vital for Mtb pathogenesis in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Methods We used an in vitro M-cell mediated translocation assay and a Mtb mutant lacking a key virulence factor, ESAT6. We used biochemistry and genetics to identify a novel receptor for ESAT6. We also developed a novel explanted human adenoid Mtb infection model to study mucosal immunity. Results We now demonstrate that the Mtb virulence factor ESAT6 is necessary and sufficient to mediate binding and transcytosis by M cells in vitro and in vivo, and that uptake of Mtb by M cells requires a unique cell surface ESAT6 receptor. We developed a novel explanted human adenoid model of M cell biology and demonstrate rapid Mtb transcytosis by primary human tissue within 60–120 minutes. Using flow cytometry we find that Mtb is first ingested by M cells and then after transcytosis, by tissue resident antigen-presenting cells. Explanted adenoids from 10 independent donors display a wide range of Mtb uptake. Conclusion We conclude that Mtb ESAT6 is necessary for Mtb uptake by M-cells and that binding and transcytosis require a host receptor. Because explanted adenoids display a wide range of Mtb uptake, M cell mediated transcytosis may confer differential susceptibility to scrofula and disseminated disease. These findings are significant as M cells could potentially serve as the basis for novel therapeutic targets against primary Mtb infection. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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47

Tobal, K., and JA Yin. "Monitoring of minimal residual disease by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for AML1-MTG8 transcripts in AML-M2 with t(8; 21)." Blood 88, no. 10 (November 15, 1996): 3704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.10.3704.bloodjournal88103704.

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We have developed a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method for the quantitation of AML1-MTG8 transcripts in patients with AML-M2 and t(8;21) in different phases of the disease. Using this method, we have tested sequential samples from 13 patients to monitor minimal residual disease and were able to show a significant increase in AML1-MTG8 transcripts level in two patients 2 and 4 months before clinical relapse. In five patients tested at presentation and then sequentially at remission, we detected a marked decrease in the level of AML1-MTG8 transcripts as the treatment progressed. Patients in long-term remission of their disease had a level of up to 1 x 10(3) AML1-MTG8 molecules/microgram RNA. Two patients tested 2 and 4 months before hematologic relapse showed a level of 0.71 x 10(5) molecules/microgram RNA and this level increased further during relapse to 0.71 x 10(7) and 2.27 x 10(5) molecules/microgram RNA, respectively. Our results show that quantitation of AML1-MTG8 transcripts by competitive polymerase chain reaction is valuable in predicting early relapse in AML with t(8;21). Identification of at-risk patients may allow treatment to be modified to include additional or alternative therapy such as bone marrow transplantation.
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Nicol, Mark, Andrew Whitelaw, and Wendy Stevens. "Using Xpert MTB/RIF." Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573398x113099990015.

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Colmone, Angela. "Mtb faces sirtuin death." Science 355, no. 6332 (March 30, 2017): 1386.16–1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.355.6332.1386-p.

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50

Bucci, Mirella. "Mtb takes a Trp." Nature Chemical Biology 10, no. 2 (January 17, 2014): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1442.

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