Academic literature on the topic 'MTB cyclists'

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Journal articles on the topic "MTB cyclists"

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Granier, Cyril, Chris R. Abbiss, Anaël Aubry, Yvon Vauchez, Sylvain Dorel, Christophe Hausswirth, and Yann Le Meur. "Power Output and Pacing During International Cross-Country Mountain Bike Cycling." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 9 (October 1, 2018): 1243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0516.

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Purpose: To characterize the physiological profiles of elite cross-country mountain-bike (XCO-MTB) cyclists and to examine their pacing and power-output (PO) distribution during international races. Methods: Over 2 competitive seasons, 8 male XCO-MTB cyclists (VO2max 79.9 [5.2] mL·min−1·kg−1, maximal aerobic power [MAP] 411 [18] W and 6.3 [0.4] W·kg−1) regularly undertook incremental tests to assess their PO and heart rate (HR) at first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) and at VO2max. During the same period, their PO, HR, speed, and cadence were recorded over 13 international races (total of 30 recorded files). Results: Mean PO, speed, cadence, and HR during the races were 283 (22) W (4.31 [0.32] W·kg−1, 68% [5%] MAP), 19.7 (2.1) km·h−1, 68 (8) rpm, and 172 (11) beats·min−1 (91% [2%] HRmax), respectively. The average times spent below 10% of MAP, between 10% of MAP and VT1, between VT1 and VT2, between VT2 and MAP, and above MAP were 25% (5%), 21% (4%), 13% (3%), 16% (3%), and 26% (5%), respectively. Both speed and PO decreased from the start loop to lap 1 before stabilizing until the end of the race.Conclusions: Elite off-road cyclists demonstrated typical values of world-class endurance cyclists with an excellent power-to-mass ratio. This study demonstrated that XCO-MTB races are performed at higher intensities than reported in previous research and are characterized by a fast start followed by an even pace.
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Aedo Muñoz, Esteban, Alberto Rötger Guarda, Ignacio Ria Gamboa, Natalia Rodríguez Zárate, Cristian Rojas Reyes, Nelson Aedo Muñoz, Diego Valenzuela Pérez, et al. "Variaciones cinemáticas de ascenso en los ciclistas de montaña (Kinematic variations of uphill in mountain bikers)." Retos, no. 40 (November 8, 2020): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.81430.

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El propósito de este estudio fue determinar los indicadores cinemáticos relevantes entre categorías Elite y Sub-23 de ciclistas de cross country mountain bike (MTB) en la técnica de ascenso. La muestra fue compuesta por ciclistas Sub-23 (n=5; 18.8±0.5 años) y Elite (n=7; 24.2±2.0 años), todos los participante varones, diestros y ciclistas federados de competiciones de cross country MTB. Los datos fueron registrados desde el plano sagital al ascender por un terreno con una pendiente de 9.5±0.5% con la técnica de videofotogrametría. Los indicadores que presentaron diferencias entre categorías fueron: velocidad angular ciclo pedaleo izquierdo (p=0.04; g=-1.22), tiempo ciclo pedaleo izquierdo (p=0.02; g=1.44), velocidad angular ciclo pedaleo izquierdo de la fase preparatoria (p=0.03; g=-1.37), mientras que para la velocidad articular; velocidad de la cadera izquierda en fase de envión (p=0.029; g=-1.38), velocidad del tobillo izquierdo (p=0.005; g=-1.94) y tobillo derecho (p=0.002; g=-2.17) en fase de recuperación. Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the relevant kinematic indicators between Elite and Under-23 categories of cross country mountain bike (MTB) cyclists in the climbing technique. The sample was made up of Under-23 (n=5; 18.8±0.5 years) and Elite (n=7; 24.2±2.0 years) cyclists, all male and right-handed, federated participants of cross-country MTB competitions. The data were recorded from the sagittal plane to the ascending one through a terrain with a slope of 9.5±0.5% with videophotogrammetry. The indicators that showed differences between categories were: left pedaling cycle angular velocity (p=0.04; g=-1.22), left pedaling cycle time (p=0.02; g=1.44), left pedaling cycle angular velocity of the preparatory phase (p=0.03; g=-1.37), while for joint speed; speed of the left hip in clean and jerk phase (p=0.029; g =-1.38), speed of the left ankle (p=0.005; g=-1.94) and right ankle (p=0.002; g=-2.17) in recovery phase.
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Che Ibrahim, Nur Syuhada, Syamsul Herman Mohammad Afandi, and Zaiton Samdin. "Factors Affecting the Demand for Mountain Biking at Putrajaya Challenge Park, Putrajaya." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v5i1.616.

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The popularity of Mountain Biking (MTB) in Malaysia is increasing.This adds to the demand for more cycling sites and special events for MTB. In line the growing demand, the Malaysian government encourages participation in active sports and recreation as a healthy lifestyle. One of the approaches is through the establishment of the Putrajaya Challenge Park (PCP). This study is conducted at PCP, one of a well-known MTB site in Malaysia. It has a network of treks where these treks are rated with different difficulty level for cyclists to choose from according to their abilityandpreferences. MTB is known to be associated with risks and high technical skills, hence it is great interest to understand the factors affecting demand in such sport. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the demand in MTB participation at PCP. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and obtained a total of 302 usable questionnaires. A multiple linear regression analysis is employed and it is found that three factors were significant at 95% confidence level; total travel cost, years of participation and cost of equipment upgrades. The finding from the study is to supply PCP management with the information for future adventurous recreational events in PCP or in other similar establishments. This research also identifies some key findings and makes some recommendations for future research and management.
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Rose, SC, HA Chipps, and EM Peters. "Fluid use in mountain bikers - self-reported practices." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 19, no. 2 (June 15, 2007): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2007/v19i2a266.

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Background and objectives. Little is known of the fluid replacement habits of participants in mountain bike (MTB) endurance events. This survey set out to determine the current perceptions and practices of this group of endurance athletes. Method. Four hundred and twelve participants in the 3- day 2006 Sani2C (MTB) race completed questionnaires that elicited information regarding their regular fluid intake practices during competitive MTB endurance events. This included their general approach to fluid replacement, their fluid intake practices (type, amount and frequency), urine output and hydration status. Results. While 70% (N = 290) reported that they based their fluid intake practices on personal past experiences, less than half the group (N = 177, 43%) were aware of official sport-specific guidelines. Although 86% (N = 354) reported making use of commercially available sport-specific drinks, consumption of water alone was reported by 34% of respondents (N = 140). The majority (N = 225, 55%) of the mountain bikers reported drinking every 16 - 30 minutes during an endurance ride, while 35% (N = 144) reported drinking every 0 - 15 minutes. Fifty-three per cent (N = 182) of the male respondents and 45% (N = 23) of female respondents reported a routine intake of ≥ 750 ml per hour during endurance rides. This included 2 women who reported regular intakes of between 1 500 and 2 000 ml/hr. Only 7 (2%) reported receiving medical care for dehydration following their participation in previous MTB rides. Conclusions. This survey indicates that although more than half of the mountain bikers did not acknowledge specific awareness of the official fluid replacement guidelines, over 80% reported drinking regularly during a race, and 52% (N = 212) reported a usual intake of ≥ 750 ml/hr during endurance races. Until scientific studies have carefully examined the hydration status and fluid replacement needs of mountain bikers, MTB cyclists are cautioned against the practice of over-hydrating. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 52-58
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Prudnikova, M. "Assessment of the level of functional state and the course of a specific biological cycle of cyclists and wrestlers 15-16 years." Єдиноборства, no. 3(21) (June 1, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/ed.2021-3.04.

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Purpose: to determine the functioning of the cardiovascular and reproductive system of cyclists and wrestlers 15-16 years under the influence of specific physical activity. Material and methods. 14 athletes took part in the research, 7 of them were freestyle wrestling (3 – I category, 4 – candidates for master of sports) and 7 – Mountain Bike (MTO) races (4 – I category, 3 – candidates for master of sports). Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical and biomedical research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the analysis of educational programs (freestyle wrestling, cycling-MTV) of the age group of 15-16 years showed that in these kinds of sports a different mode of educational and training work during the annual cycle. So, for freestyle wrestling athletes in the age group 15-16 years old, special physical training is planned for 100 hours, psychological training for 20 hours, competitive training for 42 hours, for 70 hours – rehabilitation means for 6 hours – medical control, while female cyclists – MTB is 12 hours more than general physical training, 144 hours more – technical and tactical. After the training year, the analysis of the trainers' plans showed that in freestyle wrestling, the percentage of general physical training has changed and amounted to 16 %, special physical – 24 %, technical and tactical – 33 %, psychological – 4 %, while in cycling general physical training – 19 %, special physical – 25 %, technical and tactical – 34 %, psychological – 6 %. Special and technical-tactical work by 1 % and psychological work by 2 % more were performed by cyclists relative to wrestlers. Comparison of the indicators of the cardiovascular system of female athletes showed a statistical difference in systolic blood pressure (t=3,60; t=8,92; p<0,001), in diastolic blood pressure (t=3,56; t=6,00, p<0,001), in the aerobic metabolic capacity (t=5,08; t=7,07; p<0,001), in the anaerobic metabolic capacity (t=12,20; t=8,14; p<0,001). According to a survey of female athletes, it was determined that in September 2019, 33 % of athletes 15-16 years old had irregular menstruation and 67% – regular, in December 2019 4 3% – irregular and 57 % – regular, in May 2020 50% – irregular and 50 % – regular, in September 2020 57 % – irregular and 43 % – regular menstruation. Conclusions. The analysis of curricula for the chosen sport and training plans of coaches by types of training showed that the specificity of the training process is the specificity of the discipline in which relatively independent types are clearly visible, and the distribution of training and competitive physical loads is interconnected with the stage of training. Comparison of the indicators of the cardiovascular system of female athletes 15-16 years old showed that higher performance in cyclists as a result of training (physiologically athletic heart. At the same time, among wrestlers it was recognized as more optimal indicators of the heart muscle for further improvement of sportsmanship. The negative dynamics of the ovarian cycle at the age of 15-16 years was determined, which amounted to 21 % of irregular menstruation. Keywords: freestyle wrestling, cycling-MTB, specific biological cycle, cardiovascular system.
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Frank, Laura Lewis, Janine T. Baer, Charles P. Lambert, and Mark L. Anderson. "The Effects of a Pre-exercise Feeding with or Without Fungal Carbohydrases (Carbogen™) on Blood Parameters and Exercise Performance in Elite Cyclists: A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 12, no. 3 (September 2002): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.12.3.310.

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The effect of fungal carbohydrases (Carbogen™ [C]) consumed with a meal replacement bar (MBR) on glucose metabolism and exercise performance was determined in 5 male competitive cyclists. After a 12-hour fast, subjects performed two 60-min cycling bouts at 80% V̇O2max followed by a time-to-exhaustion (TE) ride at 100% V̇O2max. One hour prior to each cycling bout, subjects ingested a MRB + 160-mg C or 160-mg CaCO3 placebo (PL) in a double-blind, counterbalanced fashion. Blood was drawn for determination of glucose, insulin, and lactate at: fasting, 1 hour post-feeding, minutes 30 and 60 of exercise, and after TE. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant (p < .05) treatment and time effect for glucose, with C being higher than PL. Interaction effects were ob-· served for insulin and lactate. An increase in TE (min) at 100% V̇O2max was observed in the C versus PL trial (6.3 ± 3.4 vs. 4.4 ± 2.9, p < .001). A MRB+C may benefit cyclists due to increased BG and improved exercise performance.
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Resnitzky, D., M. Gossen, H. Bujard, and S. I. Reed. "Acceleration of the G1/S phase transition by expression of cyclins D1 and E with an inducible system." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 3 (March 1994): 1669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.3.1669.

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Conditional overexpression of human cyclins B1, D1, and E was accomplished by using a synthetic cDNA expression system based on the Escherichia coli tetracycline repressor. After induction of these cyclins in asynchronous Rat-1 fibroblasts, a decrease in the length of the G1 interval was observed for cyclins D1 and E, consistent with an acceleration of the G1/S phase transition. We observed, in addition, a compensatory lengthening of S phase and G2 so that the mean cell cycle length in populations constitutively expressing these cyclins was unchanged relative to those of their uninduced counterparts. We found that expression of cyclin B1 had no effect on cell cycle dynamics, despite elevated levels of cyclin B-associated histone H1 kinase activity. Induction of cyclins D1 and E also accelerated entry into S phase for synchronized cultures emerging from quiescence. However, whereas cyclin E exerted a greater effect than cyclin D1 in asynchronous cycling cells, cyclin D1 conferred a greater effect upon stimulation from quiescence, suggesting a specific role for cyclin D1 in the G0-to-G1 transition. Overexpression of cyclins did not prevent cells from entering into quiescence upon serum starvation, although a slight delay in attainment of quiescence was observed for cells expressing either cyclin D1 or cyclin E. These results suggest that cyclins D1 and E are rate-limiting activators of the G1-to-S phase transition and that cyclin D1 might play a specialized role in facilitating emergence from quiescence.
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Inoue, Kazushi, and Charles J. Sherr. "Gene Expression and Cell Cycle Arrest Mediated by Transcription Factor DMP1 Is Antagonized by D-Type Cyclins through a Cyclin-Dependent-Kinase-Independent Mechanism." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 1590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.3.1590.

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ABSTRACT A novel 761-amino-acid transcription factor, DMP1, contains a central DNA binding domain that includes three imperfect myb repeats flanked by acidic transactivating domains at the amino and carboxyl termini. D-type cyclins associate with a region of the DMP1 DNA binding domain immediately adjacent to the myb repeats to form heteromeric complexes which detectably interact neither with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) nor with DNA. The segment of D-type cyclins required for its interaction with DMP1 falls outside the “cyclin box,” which contains the residues predicted to contact CDK4. Hence, D-type cyclin point mutants that do not interact with CDK4 can still bind to DMP1. Enforced coexpression of either of three D-type cyclins (D1, D2, or D3) with DMP1 in mammalian cells canceled its ability to activate gene expression. This property was not shared by cyclins A, B, C, or H; did not depend upon CDK4 or CDK2 coexpression; was not subverted by a mutation in cyclin D1 that prevents its interaction with CDK4; and was unaffected by inhibitors of CDK4 catalytic activity. Introduction of DMP1 into mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts inhibited entry into S phase. Cell cycle arrest depended upon the ability of DMP1 to bind to DNA and to transactivate gene expression and was specifically antagonized by coexpression of D-type cyclins, including a D1 point mutant that does not bind to CDK4. Taken together, these findings suggest that DMP1 induces genes that inhibit S phase entry and that D-type cyclins can override DMP1-mediated growth arrest in a CDK-independent manner.
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Resnitzky, D., and S. I. Reed. "Different roles for cyclins D1 and E in regulation of the G1-to-S transition." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 7 (July 1995): 3463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.7.3463.

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Ectopic expression of cyclins D1 and E was previously shown to accelerate the G1/S-phase transition, indicating that both classes of G1 cyclin control an event(s) that is rate limiting for entry into S phase. In order to determine whether cyclins D1 and E control the same or two different rate-limiting events, we have created cell lines that express both cyclins in an inducible manner. We show here that ectopic expression of both cyclins E and D1 in the same cell has an additive effect on shortening of the G1 interval relative to expression of any single cyclin. In order to further explore the molecular basis for G1 cyclin action, we used cell lines capable of expressing cyclin D1, E, or both prematurely and measured the effect of cyclin expression in early G1 on phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (pRb). We show here that while premature expression of either cyclin alone advances the G1/S-phase transition to the same extent, premature expression of cyclin D1 leads to immediate appearance of hyperphosphorylated pRb, while premature expression of cyclin E does not. Ectopic expression of both cyclins E and D1 in the same cell has an additive effect on shortening of the G1 interval, while the effect on pRb phosphorylation is similar to the effect of cyclin D1 alone. These results suggest that cyclins E and D1 control two different events, both rate limiting for the G1/S-phase transition, and that pRb phosphorylation might be the rate-limiting event controlled by cyclin D1.
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Resnitzky, D., M. Gossen, H. Bujard, and S. I. Reed. "Acceleration of the G1/S phase transition by expression of cyclins D1 and E with an inducible system." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 3 (March 1994): 1669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.3.1669-1679.1994.

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Conditional overexpression of human cyclins B1, D1, and E was accomplished by using a synthetic cDNA expression system based on the Escherichia coli tetracycline repressor. After induction of these cyclins in asynchronous Rat-1 fibroblasts, a decrease in the length of the G1 interval was observed for cyclins D1 and E, consistent with an acceleration of the G1/S phase transition. We observed, in addition, a compensatory lengthening of S phase and G2 so that the mean cell cycle length in populations constitutively expressing these cyclins was unchanged relative to those of their uninduced counterparts. We found that expression of cyclin B1 had no effect on cell cycle dynamics, despite elevated levels of cyclin B-associated histone H1 kinase activity. Induction of cyclins D1 and E also accelerated entry into S phase for synchronized cultures emerging from quiescence. However, whereas cyclin E exerted a greater effect than cyclin D1 in asynchronous cycling cells, cyclin D1 conferred a greater effect upon stimulation from quiescence, suggesting a specific role for cyclin D1 in the G0-to-G1 transition. Overexpression of cyclins did not prevent cells from entering into quiescence upon serum starvation, although a slight delay in attainment of quiescence was observed for cells expressing either cyclin D1 or cyclin E. These results suggest that cyclins D1 and E are rate-limiting activators of the G1-to-S phase transition and that cyclin D1 might play a specialized role in facilitating emergence from quiescence.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MTB cyclists"

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Lee, Hamilton, and n/a. "Competitive mountain bike and road cycling: physiological characteristics of athletes and demands of competition." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.110406.

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Despite many studies describing the physiological characteristics of professional road cyclists and recent work describing the demands of competition, there is a paucity of similar information regarding elite mountain bike (MTB) cyclists. The aim of the present work was to describe the physiological characteristics and the demands of competition for successful MTB cyclists relative to successful road cyclists. Internationally competitive cyclists from both disciplines (seven MTB and seven road) completed the following laboratory tests: anthropometric measurements, an incremental cycle ergometer test and a 30 minute laboratory time trial. In addition, the power output profile obtained in the field from a world-class MTB cyclist riding a simulated race were compared to successful road cycling performances (placing top 3) in flat (FLAT), semi-mountainous (SEMO), high-mountainous (HIMO), individual time trial (ITT) and criterium (CRIT) road races. Due to conversion problems, 6 sentences have been omitted. For full abstract, see 01front.pdf. These results indicate that success in international MTB racing requires high power-to-weight characteristics complemented by a light and lean physique. MTB racing is associated with greater torque at the pedal crank, a more constant effort with less time at lower power outputs and a higher frequency of highintensity surges than road racing. Therefore coaches should take into account these unique MTB racing characteristics when devising training programs for elite athletes.
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Mühlhans, Petr. "Podnikatelský záměr v oblasti cyklistiky pro všechny." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-127025.

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Picturing an interesting combination of extreme sport and spa services in purpose of supporting travel trade in Czech city of Marianske Lazne. Taking advantage of unique layout of Czech's youngest significant spa town and its easy accessibility of diverse services on a relatively small area. Researching problems of public goods and active participation in developing potencial of local ski resort.
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Books on the topic "MTB cyclists"

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biker, mountain. MTB Notebook: Lined Notebook, Diary, Track, Log or Journal - Gift for Mountain Bikers, Cyclists, Bicycles Fans, off-Road Cycling Lover -. Independently Published, 2020.

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Conference papers on the topic "MTB cyclists"

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Stolz, Martin, Mingkang Li, Zhaofei Feng, Martin Kunert, and Wolfgang Menzel. "Direction of Movement Estimation of Cyclists with a High-Resolution Automotive Radar." In 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmim.2018.8443357.

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Schubert, Eugen, Frank Meinl, Martin Kunert, and Wolfgang Menzel. "High resolution automotive radar measurements of vulnerable road users – pedestrians & cyclists." In 2015 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmim.2015.7117944.

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Kaparias, Ioannis, Shahjahan Miah, Samuel Clegg, Yutian Gao, Ben Waterson, and Efstathios Milonidis. "Measuring the effect of highway design features on cyclist behavior using an instrumented bicycle." In 2021 7th International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mt-its49943.2021.9529276.

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Kassim, Ali, Karim Ismail, and Suzanne Woo. "Modeling cyclists speed at signalized intersections: Case study from Ottawa, Canada." In 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mtits.2017.8005591.

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Caggiani, Leonardo, Rosalia Camporeale, and Michele Ottomanelli. "A real time multi-objective cyclists route choice model for a bike-sharing mobile application." In 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mtits.2017.8005593.

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