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Journal articles on the topic 'MSW incinerators'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Aungkurabrut, Ratchaneewan, Wichaphon Fakkeaw, and Sutthinan Srirattayawong. "Design and development of community incinerators using the CFD method." BIO Web of Conferences 62 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236202002.

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The research aims to develop municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators for higher thermal efficiency and minimal pollution from combustion. The 3D CFD model is developed for incinerators that consist of a combustion chamber and a cyclone. A municipal waste incinerator with a 250 kg/h capacity is modeled. The incinerator model simulated the comparative behavior between the finned and smooth combustion chamber walls. The results indicated that finned-walled incinerators exhibited more turbulent flow and air distribution in the combustion chamber than conventional wall incinerators. This will result in more complete combustion and less pollution.

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2

Ning, Shu Kuang, and Ling Cian Huang. "Incinerator Stop Operation Assessment and Municipal Solid Waste Disposition Adjustment." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1142.

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Incineration is the main way to dispose the municipal solid waste (MSW) in Taiwan. The amount of MSW is rapidly decreased during recent 10 years due to the policies implementation of waste reduction and resource recycle since 2003. Assessment of incinerator operation stop and transformation therefore becomes an essential issue. An evaluation framework was constructed and put into practice in this research. With the considerations of service status, operation performance, MSW treatment status and the impact level of stopping operation was integrated and assessed in the first stage. An optimal model was built for re-programming the MSW clean strategies of original service areas by taking account of MSW collection distance, design capacity of incinerators and the heating value of solid waste in the second stage. A case study was implemented for four incinerators in Kaohsiung City of southern Taiwan to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed assessment framework.

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3

Nikku, Markku, Mingxiu Zhan, Kari Myöhänen, Jouni Ritvanen, and Xiaodong Li. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of a Chinese Circulating Fluidized Bed Incinerator Firing Municipal Solid Waste." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.393.

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Currently waste incineration is a widely used method of waste management in China. Effective incineration requires understanding and tools to analyze the incineration process leading to good incinerator performance and efficiency as well as lower emissions. In this work, a Chinese circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerator firing municipal solid waste (MSW) and coal is modeled with a three-dimensional CFB furnace model to evaluate the incineration process. First, the modeling results are verified with measurement data from the incinerator. Then, the furnace model is applied in the simulation of a case with more dry MSW without coal. The objective of the research is to provide insight and increase understanding of the MSW incineration process. The simulation case of MSW with the lower moisture content highlights the possible reductions of fossil carbon emissions associated with the utilization of coal. To achieve this, a moderate reduction in the moisture content of MSW is required. A comparison between the MSW and coal versus only the MSW shows minor differences in the performance of the incinerator. Utilization of modeling in incinerator studies can aid in development of more efficient CFB incinerators, improving the waste management and reducing the utilization of fossil coal.

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4

Kang, Seongmin, Jeahyung Cha, Changsang Cho, Ki-Hyun Kim, and Eui-Chan Jeon. "Estimation of appropriate CO2 concentration sampling cycle for MSW incinerators." Energy & Environment 31, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19877698.

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For this study, the CO2 concentrations of three municipal solid waste incinerators were measured for a year by using the continuous measurement method, and then the collected monthly, quarterly, and half-yearly samples were compared against the average yearly samples, in order to find out the appropriate CO2 concentration sampling cycle. The results of the Kruskal–Wallis test showed that the averages of the monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, and yearly samples of the three municipal solid waste incinerators were different. Then, the monthly, quarterly, and half-yearly samples were compared to the yearly samples in a post-hoc test. In conclusion, the monthly CO2 concentrations of incinerator C were different from its yearly samples, and for incinerators A and B, the averages of all of the monthly, quarterly, and half-yearly samples were different from the average of their respective yearly samples. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that monthly samples of the CO2 concentration of municipal solid waste incinerators, which can be secured in the largest volume and which include the most details, should be secured to investigate the appropriate CO2 sampling cycle.

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5

Kang, Seongmin, Joonyoung Roh, and Eui-chan Jeon. "Seasonal Variation Analysis Method of GHG at Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 7425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187425.

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The greenhouse gas emissions of the waste incineration sector account for approximately 43% of the total GHG emissions and represent the majority of the CO2 emissions from waste in Korea. Improving the reliability of the GHG inventory of the waste incineration sector is an important aspect for the examination of global GHG emission management according to the Paris Agreement. In this study, we introduced a statistical approach to analyze seasonal changes through analysis of waste composition and CO2 concentration in Municipal Solid Waste incinerators and applied the methodology to one case study facility. The analysis results in the case study showed that there was no seasonal variation in waste composition and CO2 concentrations, except for wood. Wood is classified as biomass, and the GHG emissions caused by biomass incineration are reported separately, indicating that the effect of an MSW incinerator on GHG emissions is not significant. Therefore, the seasonal effect of CO2 concentration or waste composition may not be an impact when calculating GHG emissions from case study facilities’ MSW incinerators. This study proposed an approach for analyzing factors that affect the GHG inventory reliability by analyzing seasonal characteristics and variation through the statistical analysis, which are used for the calculation of the GHG emissions of an MSW incinerator.

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6

Kang, Seongmin, Joonyoung Roh, and Eui-chan Jeon. "Major Elements to Consider in Developing Ammonia Emission Factor at Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incinerators." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042197.

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NH3 is one of the major substances contributing to the secondary generation of PM2.5; therefore, management is required. In Korea, the management of NH3 is insufficient, and the emission factor used by EPA is the same as the one used when calculating emissions. In particular, waste incineration facilities do not currently calculate NH3 emissions. In the case of combustion facilities, the main ammonia emission source is the De-NOx facility, and, in the case of a power plant with a De-NOx facility, NH3 emission is calculated. Therefore, in the case of a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerator with the same facility installed, it is necessary to calculate NH3 emissions. In this study, the necessity of developing NH3 emission factors for an MSW incinerator and calculating emission was analyzed. In addition, elements to be considered when developing emission factors were analyzed. The study found that the NH3 emission factors for each MSW incinerator technology were calculated as Stoker 0.010 NH3 kg/ton and Fluidized Beds 0.004 NH3 kg/ton, which was greater than the NH3 emission factor 0.003 NH3 kg/ton for the MSW incinerator presented in EMEP/EEA (2016). As a result, it was able to identify the need for the development of NH3 emission factors in MSW incinerators in Korea. In addition, the statistical analysis of the difference between the incineration technology of MSW and the NH3 emission factor by the De-NOx facility showed a difference in terms of both incineration technology and De-NOx facilities, indicating that they should be considered together when developing the emission factor. In addition to MSW, it is believed that it will be necessary to review the development of emission factors for waste at workplaces and incineration facilities of sewage sludge.

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7

Sasakura, Masaharu, Toshio Takase, Kozo Nagayasu, Sadahiro Uji, Shozo Okazaki, Hitoshi Tsuihiji, Hiroshi Tsuji, and Yasuyuki Haneda. "Life cycle assessment for MSW incinerators." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2000.10 (2000): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2000.10.192.

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8

Sulaiman, Muhamad Rosli, Sharifah Aishah Syed Abdul Kadir, Ruhani Ibrahim, and Maryam Husin. "A Study on the Problems of the Usage of Incinerators in Malaysia." Scientific Research Journal 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v4i1.5661.

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Incineration is one of the options available to dispose municipal solid wastes (MSW) as it is capable of breaking down hazardous non-metallic wastes besides destroying bacteria and viruses. In terms of volume of wastes, incineration can reduce almost instantaneously by 90 %. In 1998, the government of Malaysia embarked on a pilot project to use incinerators to dispose MSW in four popular resort islands to see the effectiveness of this technique of waste disposal. Seven units of mini incinerators were installed on the islands and the local municipals were made responsible to manage and maintain.This project looked into the problems arises when incineration is used for MSW disposal on these islands. Data collected revealed that the plants were not properly managed and maintained. This was due to the lack of funds available for effective and smooth operation and the absence of highly expert personnel required to maintain the plant. Other factors that contribute to the inefficiency are inadequate air pollution control facilities and the infrastructure which do not condon the foul odour. Further research work need to be done to monitor the operation of these incinerators in order to explore its potential to dispose waste safely, effectively and cleanly.

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9

Sun, Qi Na, Jing Miao Li, Bao Quan Huo, and Ji Bing Wang. "Application of Sulfoaluminate Cement for Solidification/Stabilization of Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.795.

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Sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) was utilized for the solidification/stabilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators. The effects of fly ash amount and water/binder ratio were investigated on compressive strength and heavy metals leaching toxicity of solidified matrices at different curing times. The results showed that prolonged curing time, lower fly ash amount and water/binder ratio enhanced the compressive strength and decreased the leaching concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cu. For 28 days cured matrices with fly ash amount 50% and water/binder ratio 0.30, the compressive strength was 32.6 MPa and the leaching concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cu were 14.73, 0.75 and 0.43 mg/L respectively. The leaching concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cu met the demand of GB 5085.3-2007. SAC is proved to be effective for MSW incinerator fly ash solidification/stabilization and high performance matrices for disposal and reuse may be achieved with further formula optimization.

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10

NAGATA, Katsuya. "Flue Gas Purification for MSW Incinerations. The Special Issue on the Flue Gas Purification for MSW Incinerators." Waste Management Research 2, no. 4 (1991): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.2.295.

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11

OGAWA, Tadahiko. "Flue Gas Purification for MSW Incinerations. Situation and Problems of Flue Gas Treatment Facilities of MSW Incinerators." Waste Management Research 2, no. 4 (1991): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.2.298.

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12

Vinti, Giovanni, Valerie Bauza, Thomas Clasen, Kate Medlicott, Terry Tudor, Christian Zurbrügg, and Mentore Vaccari. "Municipal Solid Waste Management and Adverse Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 4331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084331.

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) can pose a threat to public health if it is not safely managed. Despite prior research, uncertainties remain and refurbished evidence is needed along with new approaches. We conducted a systematic review of recently published literature to update and expand the epidemiological evidence on the association between MSW management practices and resident populations’ health risks. Studies published from January 2005 to January 2020 were searched and reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible MSW treatment or disposal sites were defined as landfills, dumpsites, incinerators, waste open burning, transfer stations, recycling sites, composting plants, and anaerobic digesters. Occupational risks were not assessed. Health effects investigated included mortality, adverse birth and neonatal outcomes, cancer, respiratory conditions, gastroenteritis, vector-borne diseases, mental health conditions, and cardiovascular diseases. Studies reporting on human biomonitoring for exposure were eligible as well. Twenty-nine studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria of our protocol, assessing health effects only associated with proximity to landfills, incinerators, and dumpsites/open burning sites. There was some evidence of an increased risk of adverse birth and neonatal outcomes for residents near each type of MSW site. There was also some evidence of an increased risk of mortality, respiratory diseases, and negative mental health effects associated with residing near landfills. Additionally, there was some evidence of increased risk of mortality associated with residing near incinerators. However, in many cases, the evidence was inadequate to establish a strong relationship between a specific exposure and outcomes, and the studies rarely assessed new generation technologies. Evidence gaps remain, and recommendations for future research are discussed.

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13

Wild, S. R., D. J. Mitcheill, C. M. Yelland, and K. C. Jones. "Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash as a Source of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) To the Environment." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 10, no. 1 (January 1992): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9201000111.

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Arrested fly ash samples from most currently operating municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators on the U.K. mainland have been analysed for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The ashes have a mean ΣPAH content of about 227 μg kg -1. This is generally lower than concentrations observed in U.K. surface soils. Benzo-[ ghi]perylene was the most abundant individual compound, and the most frequently detected. The ΣPAH content of ashes does not appear to be related to incinerator type, but rather it is likely that poor gas phase combustion favours higher PAH levels. The significance of PAHs in ash residues and their possible fate following disposal to landfill are discussed.

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14

CESMEBASI, EROL, RICHARD S. MAGEE, and NASEER A. SHAFAI. "Metal Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incinerators." Particulate Science and Technology 6, no. 4 (January 1988): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726358808906511.

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15

Kakuta, Yoshitada, Daisuke Nakatsuka, Daisuke Ito, Nobuo Takeda, Takeshi Fujiwara, and Masaki Takaoka. "Developmental Study of MSW Feed Rate Stabilization System for Stoker-Type MSW Incinerators." Journal of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts 14, no. 4 (2003): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jswme.14.210.

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16

Nishioka, Tooru. "Evaluation of gas-turbine combined generation in MSW incinerators." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2002.12 (2002): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2002.12.156.

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17

Nguyen, Phuong Thanh, Phuoc Van Nguyen, Dan Phuoc Nguyen, and Trang Nha Vu. "COMPOSTING PROCESS WITH PASSIVE (NATURAL) AERATION." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i2.1919.

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) treating technologies used popularly in Vietnam are landfills, whereas medical waste is usually treated by incinerators. Due to the disadvantages such as: large invest-ment and operational cost, high capital in case of small scales, producing secondary waste like exhaust gas from landfills and leachate that needs collecting and treating properly. Therefore, application of biotechnology based on microorganism’s aerobic decomposing process has opened a new potential way in treating MSW. However, the actual experience of composting facilities that apply aerobic decomposing process with active aeration (forced aeration) show that the efficiency is not high, energy cost is large and some problems with leachate. The research has successfully applied the composting technology with passive or natural aeration in order to treat MSW in small scale and the operational cost is pretty low. The research has also determined that the decrease of volume is 81,25%, the decrease of weigh is 75%; the rate of raw compost and original MSW after 28 days is 25% and the rate of compost after 56 days is

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18

Johnke, Bernt, and Eckhard Stelzner. "Results of the German Dioxin Measurement Programme At MSW Incinerators." Waste Management & Research 10, no. 4 (July 1992): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9201000405.

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19

RYU, CHANG KOOK, and SANGMIN CHOI. "3-Dimensional Simulation of Air Mixing in the MSW Incinerators." Combustion Science and Technology 119, no. 1-6 (October 1996): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209608951997.

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20

JOHNKE, B., and E. STELZNER. "Results of the German dioxin measurement programme at MSW incinerators." Waste Management & Research 10, no. 4 (August 1992): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-242x(92)90043-k.

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21

Saffari Pour, Mohsen, Ali Hakkaki-Fard, and Bahar Firoozabadi. "Numerical Investigation of a Portable Incinerator: A Parametric Study." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 2, 2020): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080923.

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The application of incinerators for the municipal solid waste (MSW) is growing due to the ability of such instruments to produce energy and, more specifically, reduce waste volume. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the combustion process with the help of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) inside a portable (mobile) incinerator has been proposed. Such work is done to investigate the most critical parameters for a reliable design of a domestic portable incinerator, which is suitable for the Iranian food and waste culture. An old design of a simple incinerator has been used to apply the natural gas (NG), one of the available cheap fossil fuels in Iran. After that, the waste height, place of the primary burner, and the flow rate of the cooling air inside the incinerator, as the main parameters of the design, are investigated. A validation is also performed for the mesh quality test and the occurrence of the chemical reactions near the burner of the incinerator. Results proved that the numerical results have less than 5% error compared to the previous experimental and numerical approaches. In addition, results show that by moving the primary burner into the secondary chamber of the incinerator, the temperature and the heating ability of the incinerator could be affected dramatically. Moreover, it has been found that by increasing the flow rate of the cooling air inside the incinerator to some extent, the combustion process is improved and, on the other hand, by introducing more cooling air, the evacuation of the hazardous gases from the exhaust is also improved.

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22

Choi, Ki-In, Suk-Hui Lee, Dong-Hoon Lee, and Masahiro Osako. "Fundamental characteristics of input waste of small MSW incinerators in Korea." Waste Management 28, no. 11 (November 2008): 2293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.10.008.

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23

Tejima, Hajime, Masahide Nishigaki, Yasuyuki Fujita, Akihiro Matsumoto, Nobuo Takeda, and Masaki Takaoka. "Characteristics of dioxin emissions at startup and shutdown of MSW incinerators." Chemosphere 66, no. 6 (January 2007): 1123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.015.

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24

Kawakami, Isamu, Masakazu Esaki, Isshu Tetsuyama, and Minoru Sumitomo. "Immobilization of fly ash from MSW incinerators and ash-melting furnaces." Waste Management 16, no. 5-6 (January 1996): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(96)00099-2.

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25

Ventsyulis, L. S., A. N. Pimenov, A. N. Chusov, and T. V. Shibanova. "Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Efficiency of Waste Management Systems in St. Petersburg and Finland." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-7-60-64.

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The state of the waste management system in St. Petersburg and Finland over the past 25 years is considered. It is shown that over the years, the system of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in St. Petersburg has not fundamentally changed. The bulk of waste - 88% is taken to landfills, and 12% is processed into compost. In Finland, over the years, the MSW management system has changed significantly: the amount of waste disposed of at the landfill has decreased by 46 times, the amount of waste incinerated at incinerators has increased by 7 times; the amount of waste selected for secondary raw materials increased by 1.5 times. An assessment of environmental damage to municipal solid waste management systems showed that over the past 25 years, specific environmental damage for St. Petersburg increased 2.22 times, and for Finland decreased 18.07 times.

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26

Wang, Hai Rui, Ya Li, and Ying Jiang. "Web Service and Multi-Agent Based Fault Diagnosis System for MSW Incinerators." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.580.

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Based on Web Service and Multi-agents technology, this paper proposes to build a remote distributed fault diagnosis system for equipments of an incineration plant which requires real-time diagnosis in a widely distributed environment. The system is modeled and implemented by multi-agent technology and is composed of a large number of agents, which are deployed at different web sites. To extend system capabilities, a user can provide additional diagnosis procedures, diagnosis services or data services. Based on diagnosis goals, relevant agents are assembled together to form a remote collaborative diagnosis system. The system can be used in any incineration plants, which greatly simplifies the deployment and maintenance efforts.

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27

Eduljee, G. H., and A. J. Gair. "Setting Dioxin Emission Limits for MSW Incinerators: a Multimedia Exposure Assessment Framework." Waste Management & Research 15, no. 4 (August 1997): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9701500402.

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28

López-Delgado, Aurora, Carmen Peña, Vı́ctor López, and Félix A. López. "Quality of ferrous scrap from MSW incinerators: a case study of Spain." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 40, no. 1 (December 2003): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(03)00024-7.

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29

Cains, P. W., and G. H. Eduljee. "Prediction of PCDD and PCDF emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators." Chemosphere 34, no. 1 (January 1997): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(96)00367-0.

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30

Moo Been Chang and Tsai Fei Huang. "Dioxin contents in fly ash from large-scale MSW incinerators in Taiwan." Chemosphere 39, no. 15 (December 1999): 2671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00202-7.

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31

Kakuta, Yoshitada, and Nobutoshi Tanaka. "Study of Flow and Mixing in the Combustion Chamber of MSW Incinerators." Journal of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts 9, no. 5 (1998): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jswme.9.171.

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32

Eduljee, G. "SETTING DIOXIN EMISSION LIMITS FOR MSW INCINERATORS: A MULTIMEDIA EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK." Waste Management & Research 15, no. 4 (August 1997): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/wmre.1997.0090.

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33

Tavares, Gilberto, Zdena Zsigraiová, Viriato Semiao, and Maria da Graca Carvalho. "Monitoring, fault detection and operation prediction of MSW incinerators using multivariate statistical methods." Waste Management 31, no. 7 (July 2011): 1635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.02.005.

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34

Sawell, SE, AJ Chandler, TT Eighmy, J. Hartlén, O. Hjelmar, D. Kosson, HA Van Der Sloot, and J. Vehlow. "An international perspective on the characterisation and management of residues from MSW incinerators." Biomass and Bioenergy 9, no. 1-5 (January 1995): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(95)00105-0.

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35

Song, Yu Lin, Masanobu Uchida, and Sotaro Higuchi. "Effects of Incinerator Exhaust Gas Treatment Agents and Fly Ash Processing Chelates on MSW Landfill Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.233.

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Lime used to treat flue gas from incinerators and organic chelating agents used to remove heavy metals from fly ash create a highly saline and alkaline environment at landfill sites, causing nitrification inhibition that hampers nitrogen treatment and generating refractory COD in the processes of organic stabilization by microbes and leachate treatment. The authors analyzed organic chelating agents and fly ash treated with the chelating agents, and monitored leachate from lysimeters, or simulated landfills. The results showed that organic chelating agents acted as nitrification inhibitors, and that higher water levels in landfill layers resulted in higher concentrations of thiourea and refractory COD, which are chelating compounds, hindering leachate treatment.

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36

Dou, Yajun, Mengmei Zhang, Shubin Yan, and Yunxia Luo. "Distribution of PCDD/F and PCB at Different Positions of Circulating Fluidized Bed Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators." E3S Web of Conferences 406 (2023): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340604012.

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Because of a high moisture content and a low heating value of Chinese municipal solid waste (MSW), circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerators have been widely adopted in China for incinerating MSW since 1998. In this study, two typical CFB incineration plants (A and B) were investigated for contents and fingerprints of PCDD/F and PCB at different positions downstream their post-combustion zone, aiming to draw a full picture of formation and distribution of these organochlorinated pollutants. Both flue gas and ashes were sampled at five different positions of Plant A, from high-temperature superheater to outlet of baghouse filter, representing a huge range of flue gas temperatures; for Plant B, five ash samples were collected at different positions of the waste heat boiler (from high-temperature superheater to lower economizer). A continuous increase in contents of PCDD/F and PCB in flue gas was observed from superheater to inlet of air pollution control system (APCS) in Plant A, with the most significant rise noticed at air preheater. The load of PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB in ashes also amplified steadily along the cooling path of flue gas in both plants. Changes in formation pathways are discussed based on homologue and isomer distribution patterns.

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37

Zhang, Hua, Pin-Jing He, and Li-Ming Shao. "Flow Analysis of Heavy Metals in MSW Incinerators for Investigating Contamination of Hazardous Components." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 16 (August 2008): 6211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800548w.

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38

Che Amat, Roshazita, Khairul Nizar Ismail, Khairel Rafezi Ahmad, and Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim. "Effects of Metakoalin on Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Bottom Ash-Cement Composite." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.653.

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Municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) produce by products which can be classified as bottom and fly ashes. The bottom ash accounts for 85-90 % of solid product resulting from MSW combustion. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of application of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as a supplementary cementations material for the preparation of blended cement. The used of bottom ash as a research material is caused by substances contained in cement is almost the same with bottom ash. Bottom ash was found to have some reactivity, but without greatly affecting the hydration process of OPC at 10 % replacement with 10% metakaolin is required to be used in the production of concrete in order to improve strength.

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Chang, Moo Been, Chuan Hsiung Jen, Hsiu Tung Wu, and Hsin Yi Lin. "Investigation on the emission factors and removal efficiencies of heavy metals from MSW incinerators in Taiwan." Waste Management & Research 21, no. 3 (June 2003): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x0302100305.

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Visalli, Joseph R. "A Comparison of Dioxin, Furan and Combustion Gas Data from Test Programs at Three MSW Incinerators." JAPCA 37, no. 12 (December 1987): 1451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1987.10466343.

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Naikwadi, K. P., and F. W. Karasek. "Prevention of PCDD formation in MSW incinerators by inhibition of catalytic activity of fly ash produced." Chemosphere 19, no. 1-6 (January 1989): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(89)90327-5.

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YAN, J., T. CHEN, X. LI, J. ZHANG, S. LU, M. NI, and K. CEN. "Evaluation of PCDD/Fs emission from fluidized bed incinerators co-firing MSW with coal in China." Journal of Hazardous Materials 135, no. 1-3 (July 31, 2006): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.007.

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Kang, Seongmin, Jiyun Woo, and Eui-chan Jeon. "Comparative Study of Sampling and Measurement Methods for the Development of CH4 Emission Factors at MSW Incinerators." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 8647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148647.

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Lung samplers (periodic sampling) have generally been used to develop CH4 emission factors in waste incineration facilities. Since this method must be calculated using only the value at a specific point in time, it may not reflect the emission characteristics depending on the circumstances of the facility. In order to supplement this method, a method of continuously collecting samples for a long period of time or continuously measuring may be used. In this study, the CH4 emission factor development and titration methodology were reviewed using both the existing methods and the newly proposed continuous sampling and continuous measurement methods. As a result of the analysis, the average emission factor by periodic sampling was 0.201 gCH4/ton-waste, the average emission factor by continuous capture was 0.199 gCH4/ton-waste, and the average emission factor by continuous measurement was 0.176 gCH4/ton-waste. There was a difference of 0.025 gCH4/ton-waste in the emission factor values by periodic sampling and continuous measurement, and the emission factor values for periodic sampling and continuous sampling were similar. There was no statistically significant difference, confirming that all three methods could be used. However, the existing method, periodic sampling, cannot reflect the characteristics of the night, and, in the case of continuous measurement, expensive equipment and maintenance are difficult. Therefore, it is judged that the method using continuous sampling is a good method that can combine the two advantages.

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Nishitani, Takashi, Isao Fukunaga, Hisao Itoh, and Tomohiro Nomura. "Experimental Studies on the Removal of Mercury from the Flue Gas of MSW Incinerators Using Fly Ash." Journal of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts 10, no. 6 (1999): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jswme.10.321.

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Fujii, T., T. Murakawa, N. Maeda, M. Kondo, K. Nagai, T. Hama, and K. Ota. "Removal technology of PCDDs/PCDFs in flue gas from MSW incinerators by fabric bag filter and SCR system." Chemosphere 29, no. 9-11 (November 1994): 2067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90374-3.

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Furubayashi, Michitaka, and Naoaki Yasuda. "The Effects of Easing the Self-regulation of Nitrogen Oxides Emitted by MSW Incinerators to Improve Power Generation." Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 21, no. 6 (2010): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.21.395.

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Yuan, Xueliang, Xiaohan Fan, Jiaxin Liang, Mengyue Liu, Yuqiang Teng, Qiao Ma, Qingsong Wang, Ruimin Mu, and Jian Zuo. "Public Perception towards Waste-to-Energy as a Waste Management Strategy: A Case from Shandong, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162997.

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) is posing great challenge for most countries in the world, which can cause severe negative impacts to the environment and human health. Waste-to-energy has great potential in China because of its technological maturity and policy support at the national level. However, there are significant conflicts between the huge market demand and strong public opposition. It is imperative to examine the public perception of waste-to-energy, especially for developing countries where a large number of projects are under construction or have been approved. The public perception of waste-to-energy was carried out by a questionnaire survey in this research. A total of 650 questionnaires were distributed and 629 questionnaires were returned, with a response rate of 96.8%. The results show that the public showed general concern in regard to environmental issues. Respondents had an overall positive attitude towards waste-to-energy, but it varied according to the demographic details of residents, such as age, education, and income. Recognition level of the benefits was higher than the concern of associated risks. Multiple linear regression shows that awareness of environmental issues had no impact on public attitude towards waste-to-energy, while public awareness and perceived benefits had notable positive impacts. Perceived risks had a positive correlation with public attitude. In order to promote the development of MSW incinerators, the government should make more publicity efforts. Rural residents, people over 50 years old, and people with low education and low income are the major groups which should be focused on to enhance the public perception. The findings provide a theoretical and practical reference for enhancing the social acceptance of waste-to-energy development.

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Shaub, Walter M. "Mercury emissions from MSW incinerators: An assessment of the current situation in the United States and forecast of future emissions." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 9, no. 1-2 (August 1993): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(93)90032-b.

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Garbounis, Georgios, Helen Karasali, and Dimitrios Komilis. "A Life Cycle Analysis to Optimally Manage Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 8405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148405.

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Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers (WPPC) represent the end-of-life cycle of used agrochemicals. Optimal treatment of these containers is necessary to protect both human health and the environment. In Europe, WPPC are typically rinsed after use and landfilled along with commingled Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). There seems to be no Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in the international literature to compare the environmental impacts of the WPPC management methods. The goal of this work was to perform an LCA to quantify the environmental impacts of seven alternative scenarios to treat and dispose of Wasted Plastic Pesticide Containers and rank them according to their environmental footprints. Thirty-one WPPCs were sampled, triple-rinsed and an analysis of their residual active pesticide was performed. Those residuals amounts were included in the LCA when assembling the WPPC unit. The scenario in which WPPC are separately collected and recycled resulted in the lowest net environmental impacts. Scenario 5 (50% recycling and 50% incineration) and scenario 6 (50% recycling and 50% landfilling) were the next environmentally optimal technologies, while the landfilling scenario resulted in the highest environmental impacts. A sensitivity analysis was performed, using different impact assessment methods, different transportation distances and different types of landfills and incinerators. The residual pesticide amount did not alter the ranking of the management scenarios. Triple rinsing was found to render all wasted containers as non-hazardous wastes.

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Yan, J. H., M. X. Xu, S. Y. Lu, X. D. Li, T. Chen, M. J. Ni, H. F. Dai, and K. F. Cen. "PCDD/F concentrations of agricultural soil in the vicinity of fluidized bed incinerators of co-firing MSW with coal in Hangzhou, China." Journal of Hazardous Materials 151, no. 2-3 (March 2008): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.018.

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