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Jia, Zhen, and Qing-Jun Wei. "CircRNA-MSR Regulates LPS-Induced C28/I2 Chondrocyte Injury through miR-643/MAP2K6 Signaling Pathway." CARTILAGE 13, no. 2_suppl (September 28, 2021): 785S—795S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19476035211044826.
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Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by deterioration of articular cartilage functions. Previous studies have confirmed the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in OA, but the role of mechanical stress–related circRNA (circRNA-MSR) in OA is unknown. Design The human chondrocytes C28/I2 were cultured and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish the OA model. The mRNA and protein levels were measured by qRT-PCR or Western blot. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was carried out to detect cell apoptosis. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pull-down assay was conducted to measure circRNA-MSR-related miRNA. Dual-luciferase reporter gene detection was performed to detect the target relationships between miR-643 and circRNA-MSR or Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAP2K6). The RNA–fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) assay was conducted to verify the localization of circRNA-MSR and miR-643. Results The expressions of circRNA-MSR were upregulated in LPS stimulated C28/I2 cells. Knockdown of circRNA-MSR can inhibit LPS-induced apoptosis, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and promote cell C28/I2 cells proliferation. Moreover, circRNA-MSR directly targeted miR-643. RNA-FISH exhibited that circRNA-MSR may act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-643. Over-expression of miR-643 could alleviate LPS-induced C28/I2 chondrocyte injury and promote cell proliferation. Besides, miR-643 directly bound to MAP2K6 mRNA. MiR-643 inhibition or MAP2K6 overexpression can reverse the role of circRNA-MSR knockdown on LPS-treated chondrocytes. Conclusion circRNA-MSR can upregulate MAP2K6 by targeting miR-643, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis of C28/I2 cells.
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Reid, Douglas E. B., Steven Young, Queju Tong, S. Y. Zhang, and Dave M. Morris. "Lumber grade yield, and value of plantation-grown black spruce from 3 stands in northwestern Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85609-4.
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Three black spruce plantations in northwestern Ontario, with varied stand densities and site indices were studied to determine lumber properties and yield. Based on visual grading rules, each stand produced at least 87% No. 2 and Better grade lumber. Wane and skip were the 2 most prominent defects causing lumber downgrades. The compliance of visually graded No. 2 and Better lumber with bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) design values for visual grades varied among stands, as did the proportion that qualified as machine stress-rated (MSR) lumber. MOE and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) differed among stands, consistent with differences in MSR yield. The stand with the highest density and the lowest site index produced the highest yield of MSR grade lumber, but not the highest compliance with bending MOE design values. Regardless of the grading scenario, the most productive stand with the largest average tree size produced the highest value per hectare ($28K per ha) under an MSR grading scenario. These results suggest that MSR grading can improve revenues, and that it will be needed to maintain market confidence in the quality of lumber from second-growth black spruce stands. Key words: lumber quality, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, market value, density regulation, stand-level effects, intensive silviculture
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Xie, Linlin, Tianhao Ju, and Bo Xia. "Institutional Pressures and Megaproject Social Responsibility Behavior: A Conditional Process Model." Buildings 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11040140.
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Megaproject social responsibility (MSR) is a critical factor regarding the sustainable delivery of megaprojects and MSR behavior to implement MSR. However, the questions of which factors effectively promote MSR behavior and how these factors work remain underexamined. Thus, this study aims to examine how the external institutional pressure and internal factors composed of relational behavior and pure altruistic values affect MSR behavior. On the basis of a conditional process analysis conducted on a set of survey data from various organizations involved in megaprojects in China, the results revealed that the higher the degree of mimetic pressure, the higher the degree of MSR behavior. Concurrently, relational behavior mediates the relationship between normative pressures and MSR behavior. Relational behavior also drives MSR behavior, and pure altruistic values moderate the relationships between institutional pressures and MSR behavior. These findings also provide practical suggestions for policymakers on the implementation and governance of MSR.
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Bigder, Mark G., Sandeep Krishnan, E. Francis Cook, and Anthony M. Kaufmann. "Microsurgical rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia in MS patients: technique, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes." Journal of Neurosurgery 130, no. 6 (June 2019): 1877–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.12.jns171647.
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OBJECTIVEPatients with multiple sclerosis (MS)–associated trigeminal neuralgia (TN) have higher recurrence and retreatment rates than non-MS patients. The optimal management strategy and role for microsurgical rhizotomy (MSR) for MS-TN remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to report time to treatment failure (TTF) and pain scores following MSR compared to percutaneous and Gamma Knife procedures.METHODSTime to treatment failure was analyzed after MSR (n = 14) versus prior procedures (n = 53) among MS-TN patients. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were utilized to compare TTF after MSR versus prior procedures using the same cohort of patients as their own control group. Subsequent analysis compared TTF after MSR to TTF after 93 other procedures among a second cohort of 18 MS-TN patients not undergoing MSR. BNI pain scores were compared between MSR and other procedures among the MS-TN cohort using a chi-square test.RESULTSTTF was significantly longer after MSR than after other procedures in the MSR cohort (median TTF 79 vs 10 months, respectively, p < 0.0001). Similarly, TTF was longer after MSR than after prior procedures in the non-MSR cohort (median TTF 79 vs 13 months, respectively, p < 0.001). MSR resulted in a higher proportion of excellent pain scores when compared to other procedures in the non-MSR cohort (77% vs 29%, p < 0.001). Probability of treatment survival was higher after MSR than after other procedures at all time points (3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months). There were no deaths or major complications after MSR.CONCLUSIONSTTF was significantly longer following MSR compared to prior procedures in MS-TN patients. Additionally, a higher proportion of patients achieved excellent BNI pain scores after MSR.
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Kaushik, Nandini, Vrinatri Velentina Boro, Manoj Soni, and Pooja Bhati. "Modular Self Reconfigurable Robotic Systems." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2689.
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Modular Self-Reconfigurable robot (MSR) is a combinational system of independent and identical robotic modules. An MSR can further reconstitute itself out of the identical building units for adaptability to task-oriented functions and changing environment. An overview of the taxonomy related to the building of MSR modules has been discussed. Further, the high utility areas of the MSR robots have been considered. Then a study of the existing MSR robotic systems has been carried out. Lastly, control architectures of MSR modules and reconfiguration along with the further scope of advancement in the technological aspects have been discussed related to MSR.
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Sharma, Ankita, Umesh K. Shandilya, Tianna Sullivan, Danielle Naylor, Angela Cánovas, Bonnie Mallard, and Niel Karrow. "PSXIV-20 Ovine circulatory markers regulating the acute-phase response of variable stress responding sheep to LPS challenge." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.871.
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Abstract Pathogens induce neuroendocrine-immune interactions in their hosts, which are a basis to overcome the microbial stressor. These interactions result in individual variation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response and could contribute to variable stress resiliency. In present study, a comprehensive set of circulatory markers was assessed in variable stress responding lambs selected from a population (n = 112) and categorized based on cortisol levels as high (HSR, 336.2 ±27.9 nmol/L, n =12), middle (MSR, 147.3 ±9.5 nmol/L, n =12) and low (LSR, 32.1 ±10.4 nmol/L, n =12) responding phenotypes post LPS challenge (400 ng/kg iv). Blood was collected from the jugular vein at 0 (pre-) and 4 hrs post-LPS challenge to monitor changes in serum with a panel of 15 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and 84 miRNAs, and white blood cell (WBC) populations. The HSR had the strongest fever and pro-inflammatory IL-6, IFN-γ cytokine responses compared to MSR and LSR. HSR and MSR had stronger anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine and CCL2 chemokine responses than LSR. WBC counts changed between 0 and 4 hrs; however, no differences were detected among the variable stress response groups. Three miRNAs, oar-miR-485-5p (+3.82 folds), oar-miR-1193-5p (+2.43 folds) and oar-miR-3957-5p (+3.14 folds) were significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated, and seven miRNAs, oar-miR-376b-3p (-6.6 fold), oar-miR-376c-3p (3.5 folds), oar-miR-411b-5p (-11.69 folds), (oar-miR-376a-3p (-2.28 fold), oar-miR-376b-3p (-6.08 folds), oar-miR-376c-3p (-2.62 folds), oar-miR-381-3p (-3.85 folds) were downregulated (P < 0.05) in HSR compared to LSR and MSR. Functional analysis of miRNAs revealed their roles in activating TGF-beta signalling, Cytokine receptor interaction and Thyroid signalling pathways in HSR phenotypes indicating a hyper-induced acute-phase response. In summary, these results indicate variation in the acute-phase response to stress, and some of these markers could be used as stress biomarkers. Further investigation is warranted to understand the plausible association of cortisol phenotype with other important traits.
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Tock, Jamie L., and Jerad H. Moxley. "Measurement Invariance Across Gender for the Metacognitive Self-Regulation Revised Scale." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 36, no. 5 (December 29, 2016): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282916686006.
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The Metacognitive Self-Regulation scale (MSR) was recently improved after subjecting the scale to a comprehensive reanalysis and replacing it with the Metacognitive Self-Regulation Revised scale (MSR-R). However, up to this point, researchers have made no attempts to determine if the MSR or MSR-R performs equivalently for males and females. The first goal of the current study was to examine the MSR-R measurement model for invariance across groups. Second, we examined structural invariance by regressing grade performance on the MSR-R latent factor. The results indicated support for invariance across groups for the MSR-R measurement model, but revealed predictive validity issues when structural invariance was found to be untenable.
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Hua, Anke, Jingyuan Bai, Yong Fan, and Jian Wang. "Comparison of Distance and Angular Analysis for Measurement of Hamstring Flexibility in Preschoolers." Children 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9010039.
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The study aimed to (1) investigate the reliability and usefulness of a proposed angular analysis during a modified sit-and-reach (MSR) test, and (2) compare the proposed MSR angular analysis and the commonly used MSR distance to verify the influence of the anthropometric characteristics in preschoolers. 194 preschoolers participated in the study. Before testing, the anthropometric characteristics were collected. Each participant performed the MSR test twice. The MSR distance score was obtained from the starting point to the reaching point, while the MSR angle score was calculated according to the approximate hip flexion angle. Both the relative and absolute reliability were good for the angular analysis during an MSR test in preschoolers (ICC ranging from 0.82 to 0.91, CV% ranging from 8.21 to 9.40). The angular analysis demonstrated good usefulness, with a lower typical error than the smallest worthwhile change in 3- and 5-year-old groups. The MSR angle scores could eliminate the concern of the influence of anthropometric characteristics, while MSR distance and anthropometric characteristics (i.e., sitting height and arm length) were found to be weakly correlated. In conclusion, the angular analysis when performing the MSR test is reliable and appears to eliminate the concern regarding the limb length bias.
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Alamuri, Praveen, and Robert J. Maier. "Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase in Helicobacter pylori: Interaction with Methionine-Rich Proteins and Stress-Induced Expression." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 16 (August 15, 2006): 5839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00430-06.
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ABSTRACT The reductive repair of oxidized methionine residues performed by methionine sulfoxide reductase is important for the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori to maintain persistent stomach colonization. Methionine-containing proteins that are targeted for repair by Msr were identified from whole-cell extracts (after cells were exposed to O2 stress) by using a coimmunoprecipitation approach. Proteins identified as Msr-interacting included catalase, GroEL, thioredoxin-1 (Trx1), and site-specific recombinase; with one exception (Trx1, the reductant for Msr) all these proteins have approximately twofold higher methionine (Met) content than other proteins. These Met-rich proteins were purified and were shown to individually form a cross-linked adduct with Msr. Catalase-specific activity in an msr strain was one-half that of the parent strain; this difference was only observed under oxidative stress conditions, and the activity was restored to nearly wild-type levels by adding Msr plus dithiothreitol to msr strain extracts. In agreement with the cross-linking study, pure Msr used Trx1 but not Trx2 as a reductant. Comparative structure modeling classified the H. pylori Msr in class II within the MsrB family, like the Neisseria enzymes. Pure H. pylori enzyme reduced only the R isomer of methyl p-tolyl-sulfoxide with an apparent Km of 4.1 mM for the substrate. Stress conditions (peroxide, peroxynitrite, and iron starvation) all caused approximately 3- to 3.5-fold transcriptional up-regulation of msr. Neither the O2 level during growth nor the use of background regulatory mutants had a significant effect on msr transcription. Late log and stationary phase cultures had the highest Msr protein levels and specific activity.
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Tashchuk, V. K., and O. V. Malinevska-Biliichuk. "Digitalization of ECG in optimization of diagnostics of acute and chronic coronary syndromes." Bukovinian Medical Herald 27, no. 4 (108) (November 23, 2023): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.27.4.108.2023.17.
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The aim is to study the additional diagnostic possibilities of indicators obtained by digitalization of ECG in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and stable angina (SA).Material and methods. 135 patients were examined, who were divided into groups depending on the diagnosis: 45 people with STEMI and 90 patients with SA. According to the value of the first derivative of the T wave - the maximum speed ratio (MSR) indicator, patients with STEMI were divided into two groups: group I included 25 people with MSR <0.66, group II - 20 patients with MSR ≥0.66. Patients with SA were also distinguished depending on MSR: group A included 41 patients with MSR <0.87 and group B - 49 patients with MSR ≥0.87. The results of echocardiography, Holter ECG monitoring, coronary ventriculography and digitalization of ECG based on the «Smart-ECG» medical software were evaluated.Results. In the STEMI group, significantly lower MSR values of ischemic zone were noted, compared to the group of patients with SA (0.65±0.02, Δ –25.29%, p<0.001), higher STH values in ischemic zone (0.76±0.04 mm, Δ +58.33%, p<0.001), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (51.96±1.21 %, Δ -9.82%, p<0.001), longer ischemia (919.00 (133, 00; 1310.00) min, Δ +3729.17%, p<0.001), lower standart deviation values of N-N intervals (SDNN) (88.11±6.65 ms, Δ -20.88%, p=0.094). Individuals with SA and MSR <0.87 showed slightly higher values of MSR in lead V2, compared to the group of SA and MSR ≥0.87 (2.51±0.08, Δ +8.19%, p=0.058). In patients with STEMI and MSR <0.66 and with SA and MSR <0.87, compared to the group with STEMI and MSR ≥0.66 and with SA and MSR ≥0.87, lower LVEF were detected (respectively (52.00 (47.75; 55.00) %, Δ -10.34%, p=0.071) and (56.73±0.83%, Δ -3.14%, p=0.088).Conclusions. Primary changes in the repolarization phase, which are inherent for patients with STEMI and SA, cause a change in the speed parameters of the differentiated ECG – reducing of MSR (more intense for patients with STEMI), which indicates a pronounced electrical disbalance of the ischemic myocardium. Lower values of MSR result in worse clinical and functional characteristics of the myocardium for STEMI and SA and are associated with negative prognostic markers of ischemia.
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Xiao, Chuqiao, Xueqing Gong, Yefeng Xia, and Qian Zhang. "PB: A Product-Bitmatrix Construction to Reduce the Complexity of XOR Operations of PM-MSR and PM-MBR Codes over GF 2 w." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6642121.
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Edge computing, as an emerging computing paradigm, aims to reduce network bandwidth transmission overhead while storing and processing data on edge nodes. However, the storage strategies required for edge nodes are different from those for existing data centers. Erasure code (EC) strategies have been applied in some decentralized storage systems to ensure the privacy and security of data storage. Product-matrix (PM) regenerating codes (RGCs) as a state-of-the-art EC family are designed to minimize the repair bandwidth overhead or minimize the storage overhead. Nevertheless, the high complexity of the PM framework contains more finite-domain multiplication operations than classical ECs, which heavily consumes computational resources at the edge nodes. In this paper, a theoretical derivation of each step of the PM minimum storage regeneration (PM-MSR) and PM minimum bandwidth regeneration (PM-MBR) codes is performed and the XOR complexity over finite fields is analyzed. On this basis, a new construct called product bitmatrix (PB) is designed to reduce the complexity of XOR operations in the PM framework, and two heuristics are used to further reduce the XOR numbers of the PB-MSR and PB-MBR codes, respectively. The evaluation results show that the PB construction significantly reduces the XOR number compared to the PM-MSR, PM-MBR, Reed–Solomon (RS), and Cauchy RS codes while retaining optimal performance and reliability.
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Roberts, Mark J., Gesa Lange, Tracey Van Der Veen, Eric Lowet, and Peter De Weerd. "The Attentional Blink is Related to the Microsaccade Rate Signature." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 12 (April 3, 2019): 5190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz058.
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Abstract The reduced detectability of a target T2 following discrimination of a preceding target T1 in the attentional blink (AB) paradigm is classically interpreted as a consequence of reduced attention to T2 due to attentional allocation to T1. Here, we investigated whether AB was related to changes in microsaccade rate (MSR). We found a pronounced MSR signature following T1 onset, characterized by MSR suppression from 200 to 328 ms and enhancement from 380 to 568 ms. Across participants, the magnitude of the MSR suppression correlated with the AB effect such that low T2 detectability corresponded to reduced MSR. However, in the same task, T1 error trials coincided with the presence of microsaccades. We discuss this apparent paradox in terms of known neurophysiological correlates of MS whereby cortical excitability is suppressed both during the microsaccade and MSR suppression, in accordance to poor T1 performance with microsaccade occurrence and poor T2 performance with microsaccade absence. Our data suggest a novel low-level mechanism contributing to AB characterized by reduced MSR, thought to cause suppressed visual cortex excitability. This opens the question of whether attention mediates T2 performance suppression independently from MSR, and if not, how attention interacts with MSR to produce the T2 performance suppression.
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Ma, Hanyang, Daxin Sun, Saixing Zeng, Han Lin, and Jonathan J. Shi. "The Effects of Megaproject Social Responsibility on Participating Organizations." Project Management Journal 52, no. 5 (June 16, 2021): 418–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87569728211015868.
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This study focuses on the effects of megaproject social responsibility (MSR) on participating organizations’ performance. Using a survey of the participating organizations in Chinese megaprojects, this study reveals that the impact of MSR on a participant’s performance goes beyond the scope of the current megaproject. The empirical results indicate that MSR positively affects both financial and social performance of the participating organizations. The interactions of primary stakeholders weaken the positive effects of MSR on both financial and social performance, whereas the interactions of secondary stakeholders strengthen the positive effects of MSR on social performance.
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Narayan, Sivaram, and Yousra Sharawi. "BOUNDS ON THE SUM OF MINIMUM SEMIDEFINITE RANK OF A GRAPH AND ITS COMPLEMENT." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 34 (February 21, 2018): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/1081-3810.3539.
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The minimum semi-definite rank (msr) of a graph is the minimum rank among all positive semi-definite matrices associated to the graph. The graph complement conjecture gives an upper bound for the sum of the msr of a graph and the msr of its complement. It is shown that when the msr of a graph is equal to its independence number, the graph complement conjecture holds with a better upper bound. Several sufficient conditions are provided for the msr of different classes of graphs to equal to its independence number.
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Ali, Ummu Umairah Mohamad, Ahmad Ashadi Johari, Zulzilawati Jusoh, and Sulaiman Wadi Harun. "Single and dual optical microsphere resonator as Humidity Sensor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2627, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2627/1/012011.
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Abstract This study explores into the influence of whispering gallery mode (WGMs) on single and dual microsphere resonator (MSR) as a humidity sensor which can confine light by continuous internal reflection. The construction of the device is simple, and it has a low cost as MSR is made of silica material with a high refractive index. MSR coupling tapered optical fibers with size 5µm to the surfaces of single and two microspheres is demonstrated as a relative humidity (RH) sensor. The Q-factor was measured 7.754 × 105 dBm for single MSR while for dual MSR, Q-factor is 7.765 × 105 dBm. When sensitivity, linearity, and repeatability were analyzed based on transmitted power, the results were conclusively excellent for the performance of the double MSR.
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Zhang, Xiaoyang, and Yuchong Hu. "Efficient Storage Scaling for MBR and MSR Codes." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 78992–9002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2989822.
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Cobbs, Gary. "Modifier Genes of the Sex Ratio Trait in Drosophila pseudoobscura." Genetics 116, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/116.2.275.
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ABSTRACT The msr trait of Drosophila pseudoobscura occurs when "sex-ratio" males produce a very high frequency of null-X sperm which give rise to sterile male (X/O) progeny. The trait involves dramatically lowered fecundity due to spermiogenic failure. The msr trait is multigenic and the genes are located on autosomes II, III and IV of the L116 laboratory stock. This stock also carries genes on the Y chromosome that lower the level of msr. When the genes on the L116 autosomes are present together or with those on the Y chromosome of other stocks, they interact cooperatively to produce very high levels of msr. The msr genes require the presence of a sex-ratio X chromosome to have any effect and thus may be regarded as modifiers of the "sex-ratio" phenotype. Crosses show that the genes causing msr are primarily recessive but have some expression when heterozygous. Sex chromosome nondisjunction is proposed as the mechanism underlying the msr trait.
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Skianis, Aim G., D. Vaiopoulos, and K. Nikolakopoulos. "A study of the performance of the MSR vegetation index, using probabilistic and geostatistical methods." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17297.
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In the present paper is studied the effect of the MSR (Modified Soil Ratio) vegetation index on multispectral digital images, with the aid of probability theory and geostatistics. Using proper distributions to describe the histograms of the image at the red and infrared band zones, an analytical expression of the distribution g of the MSR values is deduced. The study of the behaviour of g shows that the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value of the MSR image is higher than that of the NDVI vegetation index, which is quite often used. This means that the MSR vegetation index produces images with a good contrast. It was also observed that the MSR image has a better signal to noise ratio than that of the NDVI image. Finally, the autocorrelograms of the MSR and NDVI images showed that the tonality differences between adjacent pixels of the MSR image are slightly stronger than those of the NDVI image. The general conclusion is that the MSR vegetation index produces images with a good contrast and a high signal to noise ratio, which could aid in making a reliable mapping of the vegetation cover of the area under study
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Feng, Na, Jian Hui Liu, Hiroshi Uyama, and Wei Liu. "Effect of Modified-Silicon Rubber on Thermal Degradation and Anti-Droplet Properties of Polyamide 6/Melamine Cyanurate Flame Retardant Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1511.
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In this paper, the effect of modified-silicon rubber (MSR) on thermal degradation and anti-droplet properties of melamine cyanurate (MCA) flame retardant polyamide 6 (PA6) composites was studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and vertical burning test. TG analyses indicated that modified-silicon rubber could markedly promote the condensation process of PA6/MCA/MSR composites compared with PA6/MCA composites, and the char residue of PA6/MCA/MSR composites at 600¡æwas much higher than that of PA6/MCA composites. DTGcurves showed that MSR could slow down the rate of degradation of PA6/MCA composites. More importantly, there was no melt-drip produced when PA6/MCA/MSR composites was burning. It was concluded that MSR increase the thermal stability of composites and could effectively prevent the formation of melt drip.
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Huh, Sookyeon. "Marine Scientific Research in Japan’s Practice." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 9, no. 2 (December 7, 2021): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340158.
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Abstract This article examines Japan’s state practices on marine scientific research (MSR). The survey of state practices requires the discernment of generalisability and particularity in each state practice. There are two points to note while considering the generalisabilities and particularities in Japan’s practices: first, Japan oversees MSR activities in its waters according to a non-legal instrument or a guideline, unlike neighbouring countries that use domestic legislation in MSR upon ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; second, Japan faces quite a few MSR incidents in its undelimited exclusive economic zone. Thus, this article covers an outline of Japan’s guideline, its response to illegal or unregulated MSR activities in its waters, its relationships with neighbouring countries, and the failure of its attempt to legislate the MSR Law in 2007.
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MATSUMOTO, Kenshi, Hiroyuki SANO, Ryoji NAGAI, Hiroshi SUZUKI, Tatsuhiko KODAMA, Masaki YOSHIDA, Shoichi UEDA, Bård SMEDSRØD, and Seikoh HORIUCHI. "Endocytic uptake of advanced glycation end products by mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells is mediated by a scavenger receptor distinct from the macrophage scavenger receptor class A." Biochemical Journal 352, no. 1 (November 7, 2000): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3520233.
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Previous studies with peritoneal macrophages obtained from macrophage scavenger receptor class A (MSR-A) knock-out mice showed that the endocytic uptake of advanced glycation end products (AGE) by macrophages was mediated mainly by MSR-A. However, it is controversial whether the endocytic uptake of intravenously injected AGE proteins by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LECs) is similarly explained by receptor-mediated endocytosis via MSR-A. The present study was conducted to compare the capacity to endocytose AGE proteins in LECs and peritoneal macrophages obtained from MSR-A knock-out and littermate wild-type mice. The endocytic degradation capacity of MSR-A knock-out LECs for AGE–BSA was indistinguishable from that of wild-type LECs, whereas that of MSR-A knock-out peritoneal macrophages for AGE–BSA was decreased to 30% of that in wild-type cells. Similarly, the endocytic degradation of MSR-A knock-out LECs for acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acetyl-LDL) did not differ from that of wild-type LECs, whereas the endocytic degradation of acetyl-LDL by MSR-A knock-out peritoneal macrophages was less than 20% of that in wild-type cells. Furthermore, formaldehyde-treated serum albumin (f-Alb), a ligand known to undergo scavenger-receptor-mediated endocytosis by LECs, was effectively taken up by MSR-A knock-out LECs at a capacity that did not differ from that of wild-type LECs. Moreover, the endocytic uptake of AGE–BSA by LECs was effectively competed for by unlabelled f-Alb or acetyl-LDL. These results indicate that the scavenger-receptor ligands AGE proteins, acetyl-LDL and f-Alb are endocytosed by LECs through a non-MSR-A pathway.
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Hong, Nong. "China’s Approach to Marine Scientific Research." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 9, no. 2 (December 7, 2021): 294–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340159.
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Abstract This article addresses the legislation, policy and State practice of China on marine scientific research (MSR). It elaborates in detail both international and domestic legislation of China governing MSR in waters within its national jurisdiction and points to the legal controversy and ambiguity of MSR conducted by foreign parties. It also raises a critical question on how to approach MSR in overlapping maritime zones amidst pending maritime delimitation.
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Silva, Cinara Bernardo da, Julianna Catonio da Silva, Daniella Pereira dos Santos, and Márcio Aurélio Lins dos Santos. "Função produção da cultura da cebolinha verde (Allium fistulosum, L): níveis de água e adubo orgânico no Agreste Alagoano." Revista Ambientale 10, no. 3 (December 8, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/ambientale.v10i3.195.
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Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento da cebolinha verde (Allium fistulosum, L) em função de lâminas de água e níveis de adubos orgânicos no Agreste Alagoano. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Campus Arapiraca da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e 3 repetições. Nas parcelas, foram testados níveis de irrigação (W1 = 50, W2 = 100 e W3 = 150%), da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc). Nas subparcelas, foi avaliada a resposta da cultura a quatro doses de esterco bovino (A1 = 0, A2 = 50, A3 = 100 e A4 = 150%), calculados a partir da dose recomendada para a cultura (5 Kg m-2). Foram analisadas as variáveis: altura de planta (AP), número de folhas (NF), matéria fresca da raiz (MFR), matéria seca da raiz (MSR), matéria fresca da parte aérea (MFPA) e matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA). Foi utilizado o teste “F” mostrando que não houve interação entre os tratamentos testados, e o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade ocorrendo efeito significativo para as lâminas de água sobre NF, MFPA, MSPA, MFR e MSR. Foi utilizado o teste “F” mostrando que não houve interação entre os tratamentos testados, e o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade ocorrendo efeito significativo para as lâminas de água sobre NF, MFPA, MSPA, MFR, MSR e DC. As lâminas de 100 e 150% proporcionaram um melhor crescimento da cultura da cebolinha.
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Raabe, W. "Effects of NH4+ on reflexes in cat spinal cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.2.565.
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1. In deeply barbiturate-anesthetized animals. NH4+ decreases spinal excitatory synaptic transmission by neuronal depolarization and subsequent block of conduction of action potentials into presynaptic terminals of low-threshold (presumably Ia-) afferents. Because barbiturates by themselves depress excitatory synaptic transmission and may have modified the effects of NH4+, this study examines the effect of NH4+ on excitatory synaptic transmission in the unanesthetized animal. 2. The effects of NH4+ on monosynaptic and polysynaptic excitatory reflexes as well as di- and polysynaptic inhibition were investigated in the spinal cord of the decerebrate and unanesthetized cat in vivo. 3. The monosynaptic excitatory reflex (MSR) elicited by muscle nerve stimulation and polysynaptic excitatory reflexes elicited by muscle (MSR-PSR) or cutaneous nerve stimulation (Cut-PSR) were recorded from the ventral roots L7 or S1. The P-wave was recorded from the cord dorsum. Di- and polysynaptic inhibition was elicited by muscle nerve stimulation and measured as decrease of the MSR. 4. Intravenous infusion of ammonium acetate (AA) decreased MSR and the monosynaptic motoneuron pool excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) recorded from the ventral root (VR-EPSP). Decrease of MSR and VR-EPSP was accompanied by an increase of the intraspinal conduction time in presynaptic terminals. The maximal decrease of the MSR was preceded by a period of transient increase of the MSR and reflex discharges from previously subthreshold VR-EPSPs. 5. The effects of NH4+ on MSR and VR-EPSP are consistent with those in barbiturate-anesthetized animals and suggest that NH4+ also decreases monosynaptic excitation in unanesthetized animals by depolarization and subsequent conduction block for action potentials in presynaptic terminals. 6. Decrease of the MSR was accompanied by a decrease of the P-wave, indicating that NH4+ simultaneously decreases mono- and oligosynaptic excitatory synaptic transmission as well as presynaptic inhibition. 7. Decrease of the MSR was accompanied by increases of MSR-PSR and Cut-PSR and decreases of di- and polysynaptic postsynaptic inhibition. 8. The neuronal circuits underlying MSR-PSR and Cut-PSR include presynaptic inhibition of group I and II afferents as well as postsynaptic inhibition of motoneurons. It is suggested that increases of MSR-PSR and Cut-PSR are contributed to by decreases of pre- and postsynaptic inhibition and neuronal depolarization by NH4+. These effects increase afferent input to motoneurons, permit uncontrolled discharge of motoneurons, and initiate reflex discharges by previously subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials.
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Erlin, Euis, Adi Rahmat, and Widi Purwianingsih. "Metacognitive self regulation integrated with science technology society to improving problem solving ability in microbiology courses." Biosfer 17, no. 1 (May 7, 2024): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.38102.
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The purpose of this study was to improve students’ problem-solving ability and metacognitive self-regulation (MSR) by applying science technology society (STS) learning model integrated with metacognitive self-regulation. The participants were 13 students from Department of Biology Education who took microbiology courses. A quasi-experimental method with one-group pre and posttest design was used in this study. Data were collected through pre and posttest with eight open ended questions to measure students’ problem-solving ability on four microbiology topics (food, pathogen, waste and water microbiology). These topics were studied sequentially in two months. The instrument used to measure MSR is a questionnaire with open-ended questions. This questionnaire was developed based on three aspects of MSR namely, planning, monitoring and evaluation. MSR questionnaire was administered to students at the end of each topic. The N-gain test was used to analyze the improvement of students' problem-solving ability on each topic. The average score of all aspects in MSR questionnaire was used to explore students’ metacognitive self-regulation. The correlation between MSR and problem-solving ability was analyzed using Pearson correlation. The results revealed that the N gain score of problem-solving ability was increased from 0.56 in the first topic to 0.7 in the next three topics. The average of MSR score also increased from 66.15 in the first topic to 87.23 in fourth topic. There was a positive correlation between students’ MSR and problem-solving ability. These results indicated that application of Science Technology Society integrated with MSR is an effective strategy in improving students’ problem-solving ability and MSR. The implementation of this research is to develop a lecture program as an effort to improve the learning process
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Yu, Dongjin, Byoungjae Kim, Hyunjin Ji, and Sangseok Yu. "Sensitivity Analysis of High-Pressure Methanol—Steam Reformer Using the Condensation Enthalpy of Water Vapor." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 3832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103832.
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A methanol–steam reformer (MSR) can safely provide hydrogen-rich fuel for a fuel cell system. Since the operating temperature of an MSR is relatively low, convective heat transfer is typically used to provide thermal energy to the endothermic reactions in the MSR. In this study, the use of phase change heat transfer to provide thermal energy to the endothermic reactions was investigated, which enhanced the temperature uniformity longitudinally along the MSR. ANSYS Fluent® software was used to investigate the performance of the reforming reactions. A comparative analysis using sensible heat and latent heat as the heat supply sources was performed. Using latent heat as a heat source achieved a lesser temperature drop than sensible heat that was under 5.29 K in the outer pipe. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis of methanol–steam-reforming reactions that use phase change heat transfer in terms of the carbon ratio, gas hourly velocity (for the inner and outer pipes of the MSR), inlet temperature (inner and outer pipes), reactor length, and operating pressure (inner pipe) was performed. When the phase change energy of water vapor is used, the wall temperature of the MSR is conveniently controlled and is uniformly distributed along the channel (standard deviation: 0.81 K). Accordingly, the methanol conversion rate of an MSR that uses phase change energy is ~4% higher than that of an MSR that employs convective heat transfer.
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Yang, Songnan, Xiaohui Zhang, Jiuxiang Gao, Yuanyuan Liu, Jinsheng Zhang, and Xiaoli Xi. "FEA simulations for low-frequency multi-layer magnetically shielded rooms." AIP Advances 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 085325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093443.
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This paper proposes using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations to optimize the design structure for low-frequency Magnetically Shielded Rooms (MSRs). In constructing a multi-layer MSR, the different characteristics of the material and laminated structure will bring different levels of magnetic Shielding Effectiveness (SE). The theoretical SE of an MSR can be determined quickly. By using the method used in this paper, the ideal laminated material structure can be found without increasing the MSR construction cost. According to the simulation results and the actual MSR measurement results we built, the optimized MSR design structure can improve the SE by 13 dB. In the area where the external measurement magnetic field is 37 820 nT, the magnetic field in the MSR is as low as 28 nT, and the SE of the MSR is higher than 57.3 dB. The method proposed by this research can provide the theoretical basis for optimal design structure and the FEA simulation method for engineering practice, which can effectively improve the SE of shielded rooms and save the construction cost. The FEA simulations used in this paper can be obtained from the following URL: https://github.com/YuukiAsuna/-Finite-element-simulation-of-material-lamination-sequence .
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Kopp, Kathrin S., Sonja J. Ebel, Roman M. Wittig, Daniel B. M. Haun, and Catherine Crockford. "Small Mirrors Do the Trick: A Simple, but Effective Method to Study Mirror Self-Recognition in Chimpanzees." Animal Behavior and Cognition 8, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.08.03.05.2021.
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Mirror self-recognition (MSR) is considered an indicator of self-awareness. Standardized mirror tests reveal compelling evidence for MSR in a few non-human species, including all great apes. However, substantial inter-individual variation of MSR within species resulted in an ongoing methodological controversy, questioning the appropriateness of standard MSR tests for cross-species comparisons. Lack of motivation, in particular, is discussed as one possible cause for false negative results. Here, we compare the spontaneous behavioral response of 47 zoo-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to (i) standard body-sized, stationary mirrors and (ii) small, portable hand mirrors. We predicted that the monopolizability and maneuverability of small mirrors increase the chances of identifying MSR across a larger proportion of individuals. Chimpanzees both revealed a substantially higher frequency of general mirror-related behaviors and engaged in significantly more and longer behaviors specifically indicating MSR when provided with small mirrors compared to a large mirror. Handheld mirrors provide a more sensitive measure for MSR within and likely between primate species than the traditional large mirrors, and thereby are a potentially valuable tool for studying self-awareness across species.
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Suthakaran, Nirthieca, Sanjana Chandran, Michael Iacobelli, and David Binninger. "Hypoxia Tolerance Declines with Age in the Absence of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase (MSR) in Drosophila melanogaster." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2021): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071135.
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Unlike the mammalian brain, Drosophila melanogaster can tolerate several hours of hypoxia without any tissue injury by entering a protective coma known as spreading depression. However, when oxygen is reintroduced, there is an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that causes oxidative damage. Methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR) acts to restore functionality to oxidized methionine residues. In the present study, we have characterized in vivo effects of MSR deficiency on hypoxia tolerance throughout the lifespan of Drosophila. Flies subjected to sudden hypoxia that lacked MSR activity exhibited a longer recovery time and a reduced ability to survive hypoxic/re-oxygenation stress as they approached senescence. However, when hypoxia was induced slowly, MSR deficient flies recovered significantly quicker throughout their entire adult lifespan. In addition, the wildtype and MSR deficient flies had nearly 100% survival rates throughout their lifespan. Neuroprotective signaling mediated by decreased apoptotic pathway activation, as well as gene reprogramming and metabolic downregulation are possible reasons for why MSR deficient flies have faster recovery time and a higher survival rate upon slow induction of spreading depression. Our data are the first to suggest important roles of MSR and longevity pathways in hypoxia tolerance exhibited by Drosophila.
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Dwijayanto, R. Andika Putra, and Dedy Prasetyo Hermawan. "INVESTIGATION ON INHERENT SAFETY OF ONE FLUID-MOLTEN SALT REACTOR (OF-MSR) WITH VARIOUS STARTING FUEL." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI REAKTOR NUKLIR TRI DASA MEGA 22, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/tdm.2020.22.2.5893.
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Molten salt reactor (MSR) is often associated with thorium fuel cycle, thanks to its excellent neutron economy and online reprocessing capability. However, since 233U, the fissile used in pure thorium fuel cycle, is not commercially available, the MSR must be started with other fissile nuclides. Different fissile yields different inherent safety characteristics, and thus must be assessed accordingly. This paper investigates the inherent safety aspects of one fluid MSR (OF-MSR) using various fissile fuel, namely low-enriched uranium (LEU), reactor grade plutonium (RGPu), and reactor grade plutonium + minor actinides (PuMA). The calculation was performed using MCNPX2.6.0 programme with ENDF/B-VII library. Parameters assessed are temperature coefficient of reactivity (TCR) and void coefficient of reactivity (VCR). The result shows that TCR for LEU, RGPu, and PuMA are -3.13 pcm, -2.02 pcm and -1.79 pcm, respectively. Meanwhile, the VCR is negative only for LEU, whilst RGPu and PuMA suffer from positive void reactivity. Therefore, for the OF-MSR design used in this study, LEU is the only safe option as OF-MSR starting fuel.Keywords: MSR, Temperature coefficient of reactivity, Void coefficient of reactivity, Low enriched uranium, Reactor grade plutonium, Minor actinides
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Shandilya, Umesh K., Ankita Sharma, Danielle Naylor, Angela Canovas, Bonnie Mallard, and Niel A. Karrow. "Expression Profile of miRNA from High, Middle, and Low Stress-Responding Sheep during Bacterial Endotoxin Challenge." Animals 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030508.
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Animals respond to stress by activating a wide array of physiological and behavioral responses that are collectively referred to as the stress response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play key roles in the regulation of homeostasis. There are many reports demonstrating examples of stress-induced miRNA expression profiles. The aim of this study was to determine the circulatory miRNA profile of variable stress-responding lambs (n = 112) categorized based on their cortisol levels as high (HSR, 336.2 ± 27.9 nmol/L), middle (MSR, 147.3 ±9.5 nmol/L), and low (LSR, 32.1 ± 10.4 nmol/L) stress responders post-LPS challenge (400 ng/kg iv). Blood was collected from the jugular vein at 0 (T0) and 4 h (T4) post-LPS challenge, and miRNAs were isolated from four animals from each group. An array of 84 miRNAs and 6 individual miRNAs were evaluated using qPCR. Among 90 miRNAs, there were 48 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs (log fold change (FC) > 2 < log FC) in the HSR group, 46 in the MSR group, and 49 in the LSR group compared with T0 (control) samples. In the HSR group, three miRNAs, miR-485-5p, miR-1193-5p, and miR-3957-5p were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated, while seven miRNAs, miR-376b-3p, miR-376c-3p, miR-411b-5p, miR-376a-3p, miR-376b-3p, miR-376c-3p, and miR-381-3p, were downregulated (p < 0.05) as compared to the LSR and MSR groups. Functional analysis of DE miRNAs revealed their roles in Ras and MAPK signaling, cytokine signaling, the adaptive immune system, and transcription pathways in the HSR phenotype, implicating a hyper-induced acute-phase response. In contrast, in the LSR group, enriched pathways included glucagon signaling metabolic regulation, the transportation of amino acids and ions, and the integration of energy metabolism. Taken together, these results indicate variation in the acute-phase response to an immune stress challenge, and these miRNAs are implicated in regulating responses within cortisol-based phenotypes.
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Maeda, Shoji, Qianhui Qu, Michael J. Robertson, Georgios Skiniotis, and Brian K. Kobilka. "Structures of the M1 and M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor/G-protein complexes." Science 364, no. 6440 (May 9, 2019): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw5188.
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are G protein–coupled receptors that respond to acetylcholine and play important signaling roles in the nervous system. There are five muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1R to M5R), which, despite sharing a high degree of sequence identity in the transmembrane region, couple to different heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) to transmit signals. M1R, M3R, and M5R couple to the Gq/11 family, whereas M2R and M4R couple to the Gi/o family. Here, we present and compare the cryo–electron microscopy structures of M1R in complex with G11 and M2R in complex with GoA. The M1R-G11 complex exhibits distinct features, including an extended transmembrane helix 5 and carboxyl-terminal receptor tail that interacts with G protein. Detailed analysis of these structures provides a framework for understanding the molecular determinants of G-protein coupling selectivity.
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Park, Cheonseok, and Jeman Jeon. "The effect of military social responsibility perception on soldier’s organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)." Journal of Advances in Military Studies 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37944/jams.v3i3.94.
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This research aims to study the social role of the military, which is expected to gain importance when the security environment of the Korean Peninsula changes in the future. Expanding the research on corporate social responsibility (CSR), this study redefines the concept of military social responsibility (MSR) and identifies the impact of MSR perception on soldiers’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This study aims to examine the effects of MSR on OCB and the mediating effect of reputation. Thus, the survey was conducted by visiting two army troops in the metropolitan area and three army troops in the Gangwon-do area. As a result, MSR perception by military service members had a significant positive (+) effect on OCB. In addition, reputation showed a significant partial mediating effect. Further, for individual MSRs, legal and ethical MSR and philanthropic MSR had a significant positive (+) effect on OCB, and reputation was fully mediated in that process. Finally, based on the results, the implications of the study and future research directions were discussed.
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Pedone, Roberto, Steven K. Huprich, Livia Colle, Anna Maria Barbarulo, and Antonio Semerari. "Exploring Guilt Differences in Grandiose Narcissism, Vulnerable Narcissism, and Malignant Self-Regard." Journal of Personality Disorders 37, no. 3 (June 2023): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2023.37.3.285.
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Narcissistic personality disorder is a heterogeneous and complex pathology which manifests itself very differently in individuals. The aim of the present study was to analyze differences and similarities in morality and sensitivity to feelings of guilt among grandiose narcissism (GN), vulnerable narcissism (VN), and malignant self-regard (MSR). We expected that MSR and VN would be most sensitive to deontological and altruistic guilt, and that MSR and VN would have higher levels of moral standards than GN. A nonclinical sample of 752 participants was evaluated. Results showed a significant association among MSR, VN, and GN. According to our hypothesis, GN turned out to be the one with the lowest association values to guilt measures. Our results demonstrated that MSR is strongly associated with all types of guilt, GN is associated with a substantial lack of guilt, and VN is associated with deontological guilt and self-hate, but not altruistic guilt. Results confirm the relevance of considering and understanding guilt when differentiating GN, VN, and MSR.
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Xie, Yonghua, Dan Wu, Xinsheng Wang, Yanting Wen, Jing Zhang, Ying Yang, Yi Chen, Yun Wu, Zihui Chi, and Huabei Jiang. "Image Enhancement Method for Photoacoustic Imaging of Deep Brain Tissue." Photonics 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010031.
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Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging biomedical imaging modality, offering numerous advantages, including high resolution and high contrast. In its application to brain imaging, however, the photoacoustic (PA) signals from brain tissue weaken considerably due to the distortion effects of the skull. This attenuation reduces the resolution and contrast significantly. To address this issue, here we describe a Log-MSR algorithm that combines the logarithmic depth logarithmic enhancement (Log) algorithm and the multi-scale Retinex (MSR) algorithm. In this method, the Log algorithm performs local weighted compensation based on signal attenuation for different depths, while the MSR algorithm improves the contrast of the image. The proposed Log-MSR algorithm was tested and validated using several phantom and in vivo experiments. The enhanced images constructed by the Log-MSR algorithm were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in terms of brain structure and function. Our results show that the Log-MSR algorithm may provide a significant enhancement to photoacoustic imaging of deep brain tissue.
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Dong, Haitao, Shilei Ma, Jian Suo, and Zhigang Zhu. "Matched Stochastic Resonance Enhanced Underwater Passive Sonar Detection under Non-Gaussian Impulsive Background Noise." Sensors 24, no. 9 (May 6, 2024): 2943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24092943.
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Remote passive sonar detection with low-frequency band spectral lines has attracted much attention, while complex low-frequency non-Gaussian impulsive noisy environments would strongly affect the detection performance. This is a challenging problem in weak signal detection, especially for the high false alarm rate caused by heavy-tailed impulsive noise. In this paper, a novel matched stochastic resonance (MSR)-based weak signal detection model is established, and two MSR-based detectors named MSR-PED and MSR-PSNR are proposed based on a theoretical analysis of the MSR output response. Comprehensive detection performance analyses in both Gasussian and non-Gaussian impulsive noise conditions are presented, which revealed the superior performance of our proposed detector under non-Gasussian impulsive noise. Numerical analysis and application verification have revealed the superior detection performance with the proposed MSR-PSNR detector compared with energy-based detection methods, which can break through the high false alarm rate problem caused by heavy-tailed impulsive noise. For a typical non-Gasussian impulsive noise assumption with α=1.5, the proposed MSR-PED and MSR-PSNR can achieve approximately 16 dB and 22 dB improvements, respectively, in the detection performance compared to the classical PED method. For stronger, non-Gaussian impulsive noise conditions corresponding to α=1, the improvement in detection performance can be more significant. Our proposed MSR-PSNR methods can overcome the challenging problem of a high false alarm rate caused by heavy-tailed impulsive noise. This work can lay a solid foundation for breaking through the challenges of underwater passive sonar detection under non-Gaussian impulsive background noise, and can provide important guidance for future research work.
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Kaul, S. N., A. C. Abhyankar, D. V. Sridhar Rao, K. Muraleedharan, A. K. Nigam, and L. Fernández Barquín. "Structural, Magnetic and Transport Properties of Ni-Fe-Al Alloys." Materials Science Forum 635 (December 2009): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.635.111.
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Melt spun ribbons (MSR) of the Ni55Fe20Al25 alloy exhibit a first-order martensitic transition (MT) in the vicinity of a second-order ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition. Contrasted with a sharp, complete and thermoelastic MT in MSR, a partial, sluggish and non-thermoelastic MT occurs in annealed Ni55Fe20Al25 alloy that possesses a much higher degree of atomic order. However, the annealed samples have stronger local magnetocrystalline anisotropy and higher Curie temperature (TC) than MSR. Negative magnetoresistance, || / , is two times larger in MSR than in the annealed case. || / vs. H isotherms in MSR change curvature from concave-upwards to concave-downwards as the temperature is raised through TC whereas concave-downward curvature persists over the entire temperature range in the annealed counterpart.
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Cobbs, Gary. "AN INVESTIGATION OF THE GENETICS OF "MALE SEX-RATIO" PHENOTYPE IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA." Genetics 113, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/113.2.355.
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ABSTRACT A laboratory strain of Drosophila pseudoobscura (L116) is studied that, when crossed to sex-ratio homozygous females, produces sons that exhibit varying levels of the male sex-ratio (msr) phenotype. The msr phenotype occurs only in sex-ratio males and is due to the production of a high frequency of nullo-XY sperm. The level of the msr phenotype is variable, and new variability is generated in one father-son transmission. Pedigree studies indicate the genes for msr reside on the Y chromosome or the autosomes of the L116 stock.
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Bhatt, Ritu, Raj K. Adhikari, Reshma Karki, Shiksha Khanal, and Sachita Rajbhandari. "Comparative Economics of Main Season and Spring Rice Production in Kanchanpur District, Nepal." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i01.016.
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Rice is the major staple food crop in Nepal which has been growing in two different seasons mainly June/July – October/November as main season rice (MSR) whereas during February/March – June/July as spring rice (SR). A comparative economic analysis of MSR and SR production in Kanchanpur district Nepal was conducted during March to July 2023. A total of 120 rice-growing farmers including 60 MSR and 60 SR growers were randomly selected from the available grower list to collect primary information by using pre-tested interview schedules. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and the Cobb-Douglas production function were employed for the data analysis. The study finding revealed that the average landholding of MSR growers was 0.65 ha/hh, whereas the same for SR growers, was 0.55 ha/hh. The average area for MSR and SR were at 0.53 ha and 0.29 ha, respectively. The average productivity of the SR (3.69 t/ha) in the study area was found to be significantly higher than the MSR (4.61 t/ha). Despite the higher cost of production for SR (Rs. 80309.95/ha) than MSR (Rs. 75048.45/ha), the Benefit-Cost ratio for SR was found to be higher (1.61) than that of MSR (1.38). The analysis of coefficients indicated a decreasing for main season rice and increasing return to scale for spring rice, with sums of coefficients measuring 0.74 and 1.24 respectively. This implies that a 100% increase in expenditure on the variables outlined in the model for MSR and SR led to a 74% and 95% increase in the gross return of rice production. These results underscore the potential advantages of promoting improved seed varieties and adopting commercial farming practices in the spring rice cultivation area. The findings indicated the need to replace manual labor with machinery to reduce costs and increase rice cultivation profits.
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Yang, Lei, Chunqing Zhao, Chao Lu, Lianzhen Wei, and Jianwei Gong. "Lateral and Longitudinal Driving Behavior Prediction Based on Improved Deep Belief Network." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 8498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248498.
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Accurately predicting driving behavior can help to avoid potential improper maneuvers of human drivers, thus guaranteeing safe driving for intelligent vehicles. In this paper, we propose a novel deep belief network (DBN), called MSR-DBN, by integrating a multi-target sigmoid regression (MSR) layer with DBN to predict the front wheel angle and speed of the ego vehicle. Precisely, the MSR-DBN consists of two sub-networks: one is for the front wheel angle, and the other one is for speed. This MSR-DBN model allows ones to optimize lateral and longitudinal behavior predictions through a systematic testing method. In addition, we consider the historical states of the ego vehicle and surrounding vehicles and the driver’s operations as inputs to predict driving behaviors in a real-world environment. Comparison of the prediction results of MSR-DBN with a general DBN model, back propagation (BP) neural network, support vector regression (SVR), and radical basis function (RBF) neural network, demonstrates that the proposed MSR-DBN outperforms the others in terms of accuracy and robustness.
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Travouillon, Kenny J., Gilles Escarguel, Serge Legendre, Michael Archer, and Suzanne J. Hand. "The use of MSR (Minimum Sample Richness) for sample assemblage comparisons." Paleobiology 37, no. 4 (2011): 696–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09050.1.
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Minimum Sample Richness (MSR) is defined as the smallest number of taxa that must be recorded in a sample to achieve a given level of inter-assemblage classification accuracy. MSR is calculated from known or estimated richness and taxonomic similarity. Here we test MSR for strengths and weaknesses by using 167 published mammalian local faunas from the Paleogene and early Neogene of the Quercy and Limagne area (Massif Central, southwestern France), and then apply MSR to 84 Oligo-Miocene faunas from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia. In many cases, MSR is able to detect the assemblages in the data set that are potentially too incomplete to be used in a similarity-based comparative taxonomic analysis. The results show that the use of MSR significantly improves the quality of the clustering of fossil assemblages. We conclude that this method can screen sample assemblages that are not representative of their underlying original living communities. Ultimately, it can be used to identify which assemblages require further sampling before being included in a comparative analysis.
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Han, Yi, Xiangyong Chen, Yi Zhong, Yanqing Huang, Zhuo Li, Ping Han, Qing Li, and Zhenhui Yuan. "Low-Illumination Road Image Enhancement by Fusing Retinex Theory and Histogram Equalization." Electronics 12, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040990.
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Low-illumination image enhancement can provide more information than the original image in low-light scenarios, e.g., nighttime driving. Traditional deep-learning-based image enhancement algorithms struggle to balance the performance between the overall illumination enhancement and local edge details, due to limitations of time and computational cost. This paper proposes a histogram equalization–multiscale Retinex combination approach (HE-MSR-COM) that aims at solving the blur edge problem of HE and the uncertainty in selecting parameters for image illumination enhancement in MSR. The enhanced illumination information is extracted from the low-frequency component in the HE-enhanced image, and the enhanced edge information is obtained from the high-frequency component in the MSR-enhanced image. By designing adaptive fusion weights of HE and MSR, the proposed method effectively combines enhanced illumination and edge information. The experimental results show that HE-MSR-COM improves the image quality by 23.95% and 10.6% in two datasets, respectively, compared with HE, contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), MSR, and gamma correction (GC).
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Ojo, Kayode K., Megan J. Striplin, Catherine C. Ulep, Natasha S. Close, Jennifer Zittle, Henrique Luis, Mario Bernardo, Jorge Leitao, and Marilyn C. Roberts. "Staphylococcus Efflux msr(A) Gene Characterized in Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 3 (March 2006): 1089–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.50.3.1089-1091.2006.
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ABSTRACT The staphylococcal msr(A) gene, coding for a macrolide efflux protein, was identified in three new gram-positive genera and one gram-negative genus. These msr(A) genes shared 99 to 100% identity with each other and the staphylococcal gene. This study demonstrates that the msr(A) gene has a wider host range than previously reported.
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Ke, Changming, and Zijing Lin. "Density Functional Theory Based Micro- and Macro-Kinetic Studies of Ni-Catalyzed Methanol Steam Reforming." Catalysts 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10030349.
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The intrinsic mechanism of Ni-catalyzed methanol steam reforming (MSR) is examined by considering 54 elementary reaction steps involved in MSR over Ni(111). Density functional theory computations and transition state theory analyses are performed on the elementary reaction network. A microkinetic model is constructed by combining the quantum chemical results with a continuous stirring tank reactor model. MSR rates deduced from the microkinetic model agree with the available experimental data. The microkinetic model is used to identify the main reaction pathway, the rate determining step, and the coverages of surface species. An analytical expression of MSR rate is derived based on the dominant reaction pathway and the coverages of surface species. The analytical rate equation is easy to use and should be very helpful for the design and optimization of the operating conditions of MSR.
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Liu, Jin Shuai, and Zong Jie Cui. "Pancreatic Stellate Cells Serve as a Brake Mechanism on Pancreatic Acinar Cell Calcium Signaling Modulated by Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase Expression." Cells 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8020109.
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Although methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) is known to modulate the activity of multiple functional proteins, the roles of Msr in pancreatic stellate cell physiology have not been reported. In the present work we investigated expression and function of Msr in freshly isolated and cultured rat pancreatic stellate cells. Msr expression was determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Msr over-expression was achieved by transfection with adenovirus vectors. Pancreatic stellate cells were co-cultured with pancreatic acinar cells AR4-2J in monolayer culture. Pancreatic stellate and acinar cell function was monitored by Fura-2 calcium imaging. Rat pancreatic stellate cells were found to express MsrA, B1, B2, their expressions diminished in culture. Over-expressions of MsrA, B1 or B2 were found to enhance ATP-stimulated calcium increase but decreased reactive oxygen species generation and lipopolysaccharide-elicited IL-1 production. Pancreatic stellate cell-co-culture with AR4-2J blunted cholecystokinin- and acetylcholine-stimulated calcium increases in AR4-2J, depending on acinar/stellate cell ratio, this inhibition was reversed by MsrA, B1 over-expression in stellate cells or by Met supplementation in the co-culture medium. These data suggest that Msr play important roles in pancreatic stellate cell function and the stellate cells may serve as a brake mechanism on pancreatic acinar cell calcium signaling modulated by stellate cell Msr expression.
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Luong, Van Su, Minhhuy Le, Khoa Dang Nguyen, Dang-Khanh Le, and Jinyi Lee. "Electromagnetic Testing of Moisture Separation Reheater Tube based on Multivariate Singular Spectral Analysis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 6, 2020): 3954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113954.
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Moisture separator reheater (MSR) tubing systems are an important part of a pressurized-water power plant to increase the efficiency of the heat transfer rate. The MSR tubes are finned tubes which are made of ferritic stainless steel (SS439) with a high strength and corrosion resistance characteristics. However, corrosion can appear along with the fins after a long period of operation of the MSR tubes that requires nondestructive testing (NDT) of the MSR tubes’ periodically. Electromagnetic testing (ET) is an efficient NDT method for the inspection of far-side corrosion in the MSR tubes. However, the ET sensor signal is affected by signal noise from the fins. Material degradation that make it challenging to inspect and evaluate the corrosion. In this study, we proposed three ET methods, including magnetic flux leakage testing, eddy current testing and partial saturation eddy current testing, and incorporated with a multivariate singular spectral analysis (MSSA) filter to improve the detectability of the corrosion in the MSR tubes. The proposed MSSA filter was compared with the multivariate wavelet transform filter and Gabor transform filter, and the results showed more efficient and stable results of the MSSA filter in the extraction of the corrosion signal.
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Duda, Katarzyna J., Reagan W. Ching, Lisa Jerabek, Nicholas Shukeir, Galina Erikson, Bettina Engist, Megumi Onishi-Seebacher, et al. "m6A RNA methylation of major satellite repeat transcripts facilitates chromatin association and RNA:DNA hybrid formation in mouse heterochromatin." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5568–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab364.
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Abstract Heterochromatin has essential functions in maintaining chromosome structure, in protecting genome integrity and in stabilizing gene expression programs. Heterochromatin is often nucleated by underlying DNA repeat sequences, such as major satellite repeats (MSR) and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE). In order to establish heterochromatin, MSR and LINE elements need to be transcriptionally competent and generate non-coding repeat RNA that remain chromatin associated. We explored whether these heterochromatic RNA, similar to DNA and histones, may be methylated, particularly for 5-methylcytosine (5mC) or methyl-6-adenosine (m6A). Our analysis in mouse ES cells identifies only background level of 5mC but significant enrichment for m6A on heterochromatic RNA. Moreover, MSR transcripts are a novel target for m6A RNA modification, and their m6A RNA enrichment is decreased in ES cells that are mutant for Mettl3 or Mettl14, which encode components of a central RNA methyltransferase complex. Importantly, MSR transcripts that are partially deficient in m6A RNA methylation display impaired chromatin association and have a reduced potential to form RNA:DNA hybrids. We propose that m6A modification of MSR RNA will enhance the functions of MSR repeat transcripts to stabilize mouse heterochromatin.
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Witek, Karolina, Gniewomir Latacz, Aneta Kaczor, Joanna Czekajewska, Ewa Żesławska, Anna Chudzik, Elżbieta Karczewska, Wojciech Nitek, Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz, and Jadwiga Handzlik. "Phenylpiperazine 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin Derivatives as First Synthetic Inhibitors of Msr(A) Efflux Pump in Staphylococcus epidermidis." Molecules 25, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 3788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173788.
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Herein, 15 phenylpiperazine 3-benzyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin derivatives (1–15) were screened for modulatory activity towards Msr(A) efflux pump present in S. epidermidis bacteria. Synthesis, crystallographic analysis, biological studies in vitro and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis were performed. The efflux pump inhibitory (EPI) potency was determined by employing ethidium bromide accumulation assay in both Msr(A) efflux pump overexpressed (K/14/1345) and deficient (ATCC 12228) S. epidermidis strains. The series of compounds was also evaluated for the capacity to reduce the resistance of K/14/1345 strain to erythromycin, a known substrate of Msr(A). The study identified five strong modulators for Msr(A) in S. epidermidis. The 2,4-dichlorobenzyl-hydantoin derivative 9 was found as the most potent EPI, inhibiting the efflux activity in K/14/1345 at a concentration as low as 15.63 µM. Crystallography-supported SAR analysis indicated structural properties that may be responsible for the activity found. This study identified the first synthetic compounds able to inhibit Msr(A) efflux pump transporter in S. epidermidis. Thus, the hydantoin-derived molecules found can be an attractive group in search for antibiotic adjuvants acting via Msr(A) transporter.
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Bruce, Lindsay, Diana Singkornrat, Kelsey Wilson, William Hausman, Kelli Robbins, Lingxi Huang, Katie Foss, and David Binninger. "In Vivo Effects of Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase Deficiency in Drosophila melanogaster." Antioxidants 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7110155.
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The deleterious alteration of protein structure and function due to the oxidation of methionine residues has been studied extensively in age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. Methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSR) have three well-characterized biological functions. The most commonly studied function is the reduction of oxidized methionine residues back into functional methionine thus, often restoring biological function to proteins. Previous studies have successfully overexpressed and silenced MSR activity in numerous model organisms correlating its activity to longevity and oxidative stress. In the present study, we have characterized in vivo effects of MSR deficiency in Drosophila. Interestingly, we found no significant phenotype in animals lacking either methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) or methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MSRB). However, Drosophila lacking any known MSR activity exhibited a prolonged larval third instar development and a shortened lifespan. These data suggest an essential role of MSR in key biological processes.
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Hoeger, Werner W. K., David R. Hopkins, Sherman Button, and Troy A. Palmer. "Comparing the Sit and Reach with the Modified Sit and Reach in Measuring Flexibility in Adolescents." Pediatric Exercise Science 2, no. 2 (May 1990): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2.2.156.
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This study compared the proposed modified sit and reach test (MSR) and the commonly administered sit and reach test (SR) to determine if the MSR can administratively control possible limb-length biases. Subjects (N=258) were administered two trials of each test. The MSR test incorporates a finger-to-box distance (FBD) to account for proportional differences between legs and arms. Individuals with high FBD measurements demonstrated a poorer performance on the SR test. An analysis of the subjects failing to meet the Physical Best standard (25 cm) indicated a higher probability of failure for those with larger FBD scores. The subjects were subsequently separated into three groups: high, medium, and low FBD. There were no significant difference among the groups on MSR performance but a significant difference was found on SR performance. The MSR test appears to eliminate the concern of disproportionate limb-length bias expressed by many practitioners.