Academic literature on the topic 'MSR Code'
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Journal articles on the topic "MSR Code"
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Xiao, Chuqiao, Xueqing Gong, Yefeng Xia, and Qian Zhang. "PB: A Product-Bitmatrix Construction to Reduce the Complexity of XOR Operations of PM-MSR and PM-MBR Codes over GF 2 w." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6642121.
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Edge computing, as an emerging computing paradigm, aims to reduce network bandwidth transmission overhead while storing and processing data on edge nodes. However, the storage strategies required for edge nodes are different from those for existing data centers. Erasure code (EC) strategies have been applied in some decentralized storage systems to ensure the privacy and security of data storage. Product-matrix (PM) regenerating codes (RGCs) as a state-of-the-art EC family are designed to minimize the repair bandwidth overhead or minimize the storage overhead. Nevertheless, the high complexity of the PM framework contains more finite-domain multiplication operations than classical ECs, which heavily consumes computational resources at the edge nodes. In this paper, a theoretical derivation of each step of the PM minimum storage regeneration (PM-MSR) and PM minimum bandwidth regeneration (PM-MBR) codes is performed and the XOR complexity over finite fields is analyzed. On this basis, a new construct called product bitmatrix (PB) is designed to reduce the complexity of XOR operations in the PM framework, and two heuristics are used to further reduce the XOR numbers of the PB-MSR and PB-MBR codes, respectively. The evaluation results show that the PB construction significantly reduces the XOR number compared to the PM-MSR, PM-MBR, Reed–Solomon (RS), and Cauchy RS codes while retaining optimal performance and reliability.
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Guruswami, Venkatesan, Satyanarayana V. Lokam, and Sai Vikneshwar Mani Jayaraman. "ϵ-MSR Codes: Contacting Fewer Code Blocks for Exact Repair." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 66, no. 11 (November 2020): 6749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2020.3023110.
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He, Long, Cheng-Gang Yu, Wei Guo, Ye Dai, Hai-Ling Wang, and Xiang-Zhou Cai. "Development of a Coupled Code for Steady-State Analysis of the Graphite-Moderated Channel Type Molten Salt Reactor." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2018 (July 2, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4053254.
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The molten salt reactor (MSR) is one of the six advanced reactor concepts selected by Generation IV International Forum (GIF) because of its inherent safety and the promising capabilities of TRU transmutation and Th-U breeding. In this study, a three-dimensional thermal-hydraulic model (3DTH) is developed for evaluating the steady-state performance of the graphite-moderated channel type MSR. The coupled code is developed by exchanging the power distribution, temperature, and fuel density distribution between SCALE and 3DTH. Firstly, the thermal-hydraulic model of the coupled code is validated by RELAP5 code. Then, the mass flow distribution, temperature field, keff, and power density distribution for a conceptual design of the 2MWt experimental molten salt reactor are calculated and analyzed by the coupled code under both normal operating situation and the central fuel assembly partly blocked situation. The simulated results are conductive to facilitate the understanding of the steady behavior of the graphite-moderated channel type MSR.
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Constable, Charlie, Ben Lindley, and Geoff Parks. "ZERO POWER CRITICALITY BENCHMARK EVALUATION OF THE MSRE IN WIMS." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 10012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124710012.
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This paper discusses work done to benchmark the deterministic code WIMS [1] against the Monte Carlo code Serpent [2] and experiment. Comparison is made against the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory as well as a Serpent model produced at the University of California, Berkeley. Producing a model for an MSR is possible thanks to the development of the next version of WIMS, WIMS11. The structure of the WIMS model built is discussed, and the final predicted criticality value for the MSR is given. This compares favourably with the Serpent model; however, both codes predict values considerably different to those expected. Potential reasons for this are suggested. However, it is concluded that WIMS has successfully been benchmarked against the current state of the art. This provides confirmation that this is a valid approach for molten salt reactor research analysis.
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Krepel, Jiri, Ulrich Grundmann, Ulrich Rohde, and Frank-Peter Weiss. "DYN1D-MSR dynamics code for molten salt reactors." Annals of Nuclear Energy 32, no. 17 (November 2005): 1799–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2005.07.007.
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Křepel, Jiří, Ulrich Rohde, Ulrich Grundmann, and Frank-Peter Weiss. "DYN3D-MSR spatial dynamics code for molten salt reactors." Annals of Nuclear Energy 34, no. 6 (June 2007): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2006.12.011.
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de Oliveira, Rodrigo G. G., and Boris A. Hombourger. "FUEL TAP: A SIMPLIFIED BREED AND BURN MSR." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124701007.
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Breed-and-burn Molten Salt Reactors are an interesting option of reactor design that allow high fuel utilization while operating on an open fuel cycle. Such reactors usually require specialized codes in order to model its fuel cycle and the flowing fuel in an unmoderated core. In this work, we propose a design and perform a preliminary analysis of a homogeneous chloride salt single-fluid design. The fuel cycle is analyzed using the EQL0D tool in order to model reactor start-up and transition into an equilibrium state. Core simulation is performed using ATARI, an OpenFOAM-based multiphysics code developed at PSI. Results show that the core size for such a reactor is quite big and that it can be easily started with high-assay LEU. In addition, the core has been designed to promote a quasi-1D flow, opening the possibility of modeling the core with legacy codes in the future.
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Adelman, S. T., M. A. Hoffman, and J. W. Baughn. "A Methane-Steam Reformer for a Basic Chemically Recuperated Gas Turbine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812768.
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Several illustrative designs are presented for a methane-steam reformer (MSR) that is used as a chemical recuperator in a Basic Chemically Recuperated Gas Turbine power cycle (a “Basic” CRGT is defined as one without intercooling or reheat). In this cycle, an MSR, heated by the turbine exhaust flow, converts a methane-steam mixture into a hydrogen-rich fuel that powers the gas turbine. A computer code was developed to calculate the size and performance characteristics of counterflow reformers. The code consists of a one-dimensional marching scheme that integrates the chemical, thermodynamic, and geometric variables along the heat exchanger/reformer tubes. The calculated designs were selected to give near-minimum catalyst volumes. These designs show that maintaining a high reformer gas temperature, using combustion-side heat transfer augmentation techniques, and using a catalyst of high reactivity are critical to obtaining a compact reformer design.
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Pinzger, Martin, Emanuel Giger, and Harald C. Gall. "Comparing fine-grained source code changes and code churn for bug prediction - A retrospective." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 46, no. 3 (July 14, 2021): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3468744.3468751.
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More than two decades ago, researchers started to mine the data stored in software repositories to help software developers in making informed decisions for developing and testing software systems. Bug prediction was one of the most promising and popular research directions that uses the data stored in software repositories to predict the bug-proneness or number of bugs in source files. On that topic and as part of Emanuel's PhD studies, we submitted a paper with the title Comparing fine-grained source code changes and code churn for bug prediction [8] to the 8th Working Conference on Mining Software Engineering, held 2011 in beautiful Honolulu, Hawaii. Ten years later, it got selected as one of the finalists to receive the MSR 2021 Most Influential Paper Award. In the following, we provide a retrospective on our work, describing the road to publishing this paper, its impact in the field of bug prediction, and the road ahead.
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Ye, Miao, Ruoyu Wei, Wei Guo, Qiuxiang Jiang, Hongbing Qiu, and Yong Wang. "A New Method for Reconstructing Data on a Single Failure Node in the Distributed Storage System Based on the MSR Code." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (March 31, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574255.
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As a storage method for a distributed storage system, an erasure code can save storage space and repair the data of failed nodes. However, most studies that discuss the repair of fault nodes in the erasure code mode only focus on the condition that the bandwidth of heterogeneous links restricts the repair rate but ignore the condition that the storage node is heterogeneous, the cost of repair traffic in the repair process, and the influence of the failure of secondary nodes on the repair process. An optimal repair strategy based on the minimum storage regenerative (MSR) code and a hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed for single-node fault scenarios to solve the above problems. In this work, the single-node data repair problem is modeled as an optimization problem of an optimal Steiner tree with constraints considering heterogeneous link bandwidth and heterogeneous node processing capacity and takes repair traffic and repair delay as optimization objectives. After that, a hybrid genetic algorithm is designed to solve the problem. The experimental results show that under the same scales used in the MSR code cases, our approach has good robustness and its repair delay decreases by 10% and 55% compared with the conventional tree repair topology and star repair topology, respectively; the repair flow increases by 10% compared with the star topology, and the flow rate of the conventional tree repair topology decreases by 40%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MSR Code"
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Kagdi, Huzefa H. "Mining Software Repositories to Support Software Evolution." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1216149768.
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Sogbadji, Robert. "Neutronic study of the mono-recycling of americum in PWR and of the core conversion INMNSR using the MURE code." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843688.
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The MURE code is based on the coupling of a Monte Carlo static code and the calculation of the evolution of the fuel during irradiation and cooling periods. The MURE code has been used to analyse two different questions, concerning the mono-recycling of Am in present French Pressurized Water Reactor, and the conversion of high enriched uranium (HEU) used in the Miniature Neutron Source Reactor in Ghana into low enriched uranium (LEU) due to proliferation resistance issues. In both cases, a detailed comparison is made on burnup and the induced radiotoxicity of waste or spent fuel. The UOX fuel assembly, as in the open cycle system, was designed to reach a burn-up of 46GWd/T and 68GWd/T. The spent UOX was reprocessed to fabricate MOX assemblies, by the extraction of Plutonium and addition of depleted Uranium to reach burn-ups of 46GWd/T and 68GWd/T, taking into account various cooling times of the spent UOX assembly in the repository. The effect of cooling time on burnup and radiotoxicity was then ascertained. Spent UOX fuel, after 30 years of cooling in the repository required higher concentration of Pu to be reprocessed into a MOX fuel due to the decay of Pu-241. Americium, with a mean half-life of 432 years, has high radiotoxic level, high mid-term residual heat and a precursor for other long lived isotope. An innovative strategy consists of reprocessing not only the plutonium from the UOX spent fuel but also the americium isotopes which dominate the radiotoxicity of present waste. The mono-recycling of Am is not a definitive solution because the once-through MOX cycle transmutation of Am in a PWR is not enough to destroy all the Am. The main objective is to propose a "waiting strategy" for both Am and Pu in the spent fuel so that they can be made available for further transmutation strategies. The MOXAm (MOX and Americium isotopes) fuel was fabricated to see the effect of americium in MOX fuel on the burn-up, neutronic behavior and on radiotoxicity. The MOXAm fuel showed relatively good indicators both on burnup and on radiotoxicity. A 68GWd/T MOX assembly produced from a reprocessed spent 46GWd/T UOX assembly showed a decrease in radiotoxicity as compared to the open cycle. All fuel types understudy in the PWR cycle showed good safety inherent feature with the exception of the some MOXAm assemblies which have a positive void coefficient in specific configurations, which could not be consistent with safety features. The core lifetimes of the current operating 90.2% HEU UAl fuel and the proposed 12.5% LEU UOX fuel of the MNSR were investigated using MURE code. Even though LEU core has a longer core life due to its higher core loading and low rate of uranium consumption, the LEU core will have it first beryllium top up to compensate for reactivity at earlier time than the HEU core. The HEU and LEU cores of the MNSR exhibited similar neutron fluxes in irradiation channels, negative feedback of temperature and void coefficients, but the LEU is more radiotoxic after fission product decay due to higher actinides presence at the end of its core lifetime.
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Silva, Ana Paula Ramão da. "Imagens do mar nas crônicas de Rubem Braga." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, 2005. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000109865.
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A pesquisa parte de um olhar curioso sobre a presença constante do mar nas crônicas de Rubem Braga. A partir disso, buscou-se entender o porquê dessas imagens e suas possíveis significações. Para tanto, foi necessário começar investigando as peculiaridades da crônica enquanto gênero literário moderno, tais como sua origem e fixação no Brasil e as características de sua linguagem. Num outro momento, foi preciso pesquisar como o mar se construiu enquanto elemento simbólico no imaginário ocidental para então observar sua recorrência em obras literárias de importância no universo cultural. Após essas etapas, analisaram-se as imagens do mar recorrentes nas crônicas de Braga em diálogo com as estudadas nas outras obras.The research comes from a curious look about the constant presence of the sea in Rubem Braga's chronicles. From this, we tried to understand the reason of these images and their possible meanings. To make the deal, it was necessary to start investigating the particularities of the chronicle while modern literary genre, as well as its origin and fixation in Brazil and the language characteristics. In other moment, we needed to find out how the sea was built as a symbolical element in the western world, so then to observe its recurrences in literary works that are important in the cultural universe. After these stages, the images of the sea were analyzed in Braga's chronicles in a dialogue with the ones studied in other works.
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Nerman, Isabell, and Jesper Andersson. "Rättelse i fastighetsregistrets inskrivningsdel : Kan det vara mer rätt att rätta mer?" Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298021.
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Av 19 kap. 22 § 1 st. första meningen jordabalken följer att om fastighetsregistrets inskrivningsdel innehåller någon uppenbar oriktighet som beror på inskrivningsmyndighetens eller någon annans skrivfel, på något liknande förbiseende eller på ett tekniskt fel, ska inskrivningsmyndigheten rätta uppgiften. Avseende bestämmelsen ämnar examensarbetet att fastställa gällande rätt (de lege lata), analysera rekvisiten och föreslå regelförändringar(de lege ferenda) som möjliggör att rättelse skulle kunna tillämpas i fler situationer än vad som är möjligt idag. För detta har rättsdogmatisk metod, rättsvetenskaplig metod och empirisk metod använts. Utöver de traditionella rättskällorna inkluderas empiriskt material som underrättspraxis, JO-avgöranden och intervjumaterial. Även rättelsebestämmelserna 36 § förvaltningslagen (2017:900) och 4 kap. 21 § lagen (2008:990) om företagshypotek presenteras som underlag för en avslutande jämförelse. Av slutsatserna framgår bland annat att rättelse ska tillämpas restriktivt, vilketinnebär att endast oriktigheter som tydligt uppfyller rekvisiten kan rättas. Om rättelse skulle tillämpas i fler situationer är det viktigt att den enskildes rättstrygghet inte äventyras då denne kan lida skada efter att ha förlitat sig på registeruppgifter som sedan ändras genom rättelse.19 ch. 22 § in the Land Code (Sw: jordabalken) stipulates that if the land register section of the Real Property Register contains an obvious inaccuracy which depends on the land registration authority or somebody else's clerical error, similar inadvertence or due to a technical error, the land registration authority shall correct the inaccuracy. Regarding this regulation, the purpose of this master’s thesis is to establish the law (de lege lata), analyse the necessary conditions and propose rule changes (de lege ferenda) whether correction could be applied in more situations than what is possible today. Beyond the traditional sources of law, empirical material consisting of lower court praxis, decisions from the Parliamentary ombudsmen and interview material are included. Also, the regulations regarding correction according to 36 § of the Administrative Procedure Act (Sw: förvaltningslagen (2017:900)) and 4 ch. 21 § of the Floating Charges Act (Sw: lag (2008:990) om företagshypotek) are presented as a basis for a concluding comparison. From the conclusion – for instance – it appears that 19 ch. 22 § of the Land Code has a restrictive interpretation, which means that only incorrections that in a clear way fulfil the necessary conditions can be corrected. If correction would be applied in more situations, it is important that the individual legal rights should not be compromised since a third party can suffer loss after relying on information in the register that later will be corrected.
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Bjureland, William. "Analysis of deep excavations using the mobilized strength design(MSD) method." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-136584.
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The population in Sweden and around the world is increasing. When population increases, cities become more densely populated and a demand for investments in housing and infrastructure is created. The investments needed are usually large in size and the projects resulting from the investments are often of a complex nature. A major factor responsible for creating the complexity of the projects is the lack of space due to the dense population. The lack of space creates a situation where a very common feature of these types of projects is the use of earth retaining systems. The design of retaining systems in Europe is performed today based on Eurocode. Eurocode is a newly introduced standard for the design of structures and is developed in order to make it easier to work cross borders by using the same principle of design in all countries. For the design of retaining walls in Sweden, Eurocode uses the old standard as the basis of the design procedure consisting of two separate calculations, ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state. Since soil does not consist of two separate mechanisms consisting of failure and serviceability, this approach to solving engineering problems fails to address the real behavior of soils. To handle this problem Bolton et. al. (1990a, 1990b, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010) developed the theory of “mobilized strength design” where a single calculation procedure incorporates both the calculation of deformations and the safety against failure. The calculation uses conservation of energy and the degree of mobilized shear strength to study deformations in and around the retaining system and the safety against failure in mobilizing the maximum shear strength of the soil. The aim of this thesis was to introduce the theory of mobilized strength design to geotechnical engineers in Sweden working both in academia and in industry. Another aim of the thesis was to develop a tool that could be used to perform calculations of earth retaining systems based on this theory. The development of a working tool has resulted in a Matlab code which can in a simple way be used to calculate both deformations in the retaining system and the safety against failure by using the degree of mobilized shear strength presented in the theory. The Matlab code can handle ground layering with different shear strengths and weights of the soil. A comparison instrument in a Mathcad calculation sheet have been developed to produce results based on the original theory where the feature of soil layering is not incorporated into the calculation procedure. The thesis shows that the Matlab code developed performs well but is not yet sensitive enough to produce the same results as the Mathcad calculation sheet and needs to be further developed to make it more robust in order to handle all different excavation scenarios. v The theory of mobilized strength design has been introduced to geotechnical engineers in Sweden and the thesis studies the theory and shows the calculation procedure and how the different input values and calculations affect the analysis. The thesis also shows some areas in which the theory and the code can be modified and where further research can be performed in order to make them fully applicable to Swedish conditions. As an example the use of rock dowels drilled into the bedrock and attached to the retaining structure is a common feature for deep excavations in Sweden. Further research can be pursued on how to incorporate the energy stored in the rock dowels into the calculation procedure.
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Leydold, Josef, Gerhard Derflinger, Günter Tirler, and Wolfgang Hörmann. "An Automatic Code Generator for Nonuniform Random Variate Generation." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Abt. f. Angewandte Statistik u. Datenverarbeitung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2001. http://epub.wu.ac.at/364/1/document.pdf.
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There exists a vast literature on nonuniform random variate generators. Most of these generators are especially designed for a particular distribution. However in pratice only a few of these are available to practioners. Moreover for problems as (e.g.) sampling from the truncated normal distribution or sampling from fairly uncommon distributions there are often no algorithms available. In the last decade so called universal methods have been developed for these cases. The resulting algorithms are fast and have properties that make them attractive even for standard distributions. In this contribution we describe the concept of Automatic random variate generation where these methods are used to produce a single piece of code in a high level programming language. Using a web-based front-end to such a program this is an easy-to-use source for researchers and programmers for high quality generators for a large class of distributions. Using our UNURAN library we have implemented such a system, which is accessable at http://statistik.wu-wien.ac.at/anuran.Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing
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Ferreira, Guadalupe Estrelita dos Santos Menta. "O universo simbólico na viagem de Mãe, materno mar : nos trilhos do imaginário bantu." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, 2011. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000161472.
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A presente pesquisa busca, por meio da literatura, reconhecer elementos da cultura africana, particularmente de Angola, cujas marcas de matriz bantu estão presentes na formação cultural brasileira. A obra escolhida como corpus, Mãe, Materno Mar, de Boaventura Cardoso, desenovela os fios da narrativa, em cujo tecido dialogam modernidade e tradição, tendo, sobretudo no imaginário bantu, esse processo interlocutório com a memória do povo, o que permite a permanência da tradição e a afirmação de uma identidade, por tanto tempo sufocada pela opressão colonialista. As peculiaridades da cultura bantu, em seus aspectos também religiosos, e o universo simbólico que reveste a narrativa servem de base para a compreensão das correspondências do inconsciente com o imaginário e a memória do povo angolano. Como se trata de uma obra em que a História se transfigura em uma viagem alegórica no microcosmo da sociedade angolana, encontra-se, no engajamento, uma literatura empenhada, mas reconhecidamente arte, cujo compromisso com sua escrita em processo permite recontar a história de seu povo, quem sabe reavivando as esperanças que porventura se dispersaram pelo caminho.This research aims, by means of the literature, to recognize elements of the African culture, particularly in Angola, whose signs of the Bantu matrix are present in the formation of the Brazilian culture. The chosen corpus, Mãe, Materno Mar, by Boaventura Cardoso, unrolls the threads of the narrative, where modernity and tradition dialogue, having especially in the Bantu imaginary this interlocutory process with the memory of the people, allowing the persistence of tradition and affirmation of an identity suppressed by the colonialist oppression for such a long time. The peculiarities of the Bantu culture in its religious aspects, and the symbolic universe that pervades the narrative provide the basis for the understanding of connections among the unconscious and the imaginary and the memory of the Angolan people. As this is a work in which history is transformed into an allegorical journey into the microcosm of the Angolan society, a committed literature is found, but admittedly art, whose commitment to its writing in process permits retelling the story of its people, perhaps reviving the hopes that were eventually dispersed along the way.
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Braga, Patrícia Benedita Aparecida. "A grande casa no fundo do mar : Tuvalu e os impasses políticos ambientais contemporâneos." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000178987.
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Partindo do fato de que a mudança climática global é uma realidade, e de que a sua origem pode estar relacionada a fatores antropogênicos e a dinâmicas próprias do planeta, pode-se afirmar que, na atualidade, pós 1989, as resoluções científicas de um determinado grupo de pesquisadores do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudança do Clima (IPCC) fundamentam dados científicos que são utilizados em ações políticas planetárias, criando remodelações na economia mundial e influenciando ações sociais e culturais em nível global, regional e local. As afirmativas científicas ambientais e a mudança climática encontram-se inseridas em um meio político de ações globais, caracterizado primordialmente pela assimetria de poder, transversalidade e transnacionalidade de ações. Deste modo, os fenômenos de variação climática, que afetam o Estado-ilha Tuvalu, assim como as possíveis soluções para o problema climático/político do país, estão relacionados a ações estatais e a processos deliberativos em Organizações Internacionais. O princípio de cidadania vinculado aos Estados nacionais é fragmentado, uma vez que, internamente, o Estado tuvaluano, ao perder o seu território com a elevação do nível do mar, não consegue garantir, aos seus cidadãos, o direito à vida e a permanência destes em seu território. Frágil em termos políticos/econômicos, o país realiza reivindicações aos diversos atores do meio internacional - principalmente às grandes potências - no que se refere à ratificação de Protocolos, Tratados e Acordos que buscam diminuir a emissão de gases poluentes. Contrário aos anseios de Tuvalu, cria-se um discurso conceitual sobre a origem de refugiados ambientais ou apátridas e seu possível enquadramento no corpo jurídico internacional, mas não se debatem possíveis soluções mitigatórias e de adaptação que atenuem o problema específico.Taking into account that global climate change is a reality and that its causes are related to anthropogenic as well as to Earth's own dynamics, we can say that today, after 1989, the resolutions of a group of researchers belonging to the Intergovernmental Panel about Climate Change (IPCC) based scientific data that are used in global political actions at local, regional and global levels, are reshaping and influencing social and economic changes everywhere. The affirmative scientific environmental and climate change are embedded on one political context of global actions characterized by power asymmetry, transversality and transnational of actions. Thus the climate-change phenomenon affecting the island state of Tuvalu and possible solutions for the resulting climatic and political issues go through State action as well as through discussions in international organizations. The principle of citizenship linked to the States is fragmented, since internally, the Tuvalu's State, by losing its territory with rising sea level, cannot guarantee its citizens the right to life and their permanence in its territory. Although politically and economically insignificant, the country claimed the aid of many international actors, specially the great powers to ratify protocols, treaties and agreements aiming at reducing gas emission of polluting gases. However, contrary to Tuvalu's aspirations, it creates a conceptual discourse on the origin of environmental refugees or stateless persons and their possible international legal framework in the body, but did not discuss possible mitigation and adaptation solutions that mitigate the specific problem.
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Olausson, Andreas, and Stefanus Louca. "Reviewing Code Review : Defining and developing High-level ConceptualCode Review at a financial technology company." Thesis, KTH, Lärande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273982.
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Code review is a recurring activity at software companies where the source code, orparts of it, undergoes an inspection where the aim is to detect possible errors beforethe code is released for production. A variation of code review that is common today iscalled modern code review and is more lightweight practise than formal code review. Inmodern code review, the developers participate and continuously revise their colleagues’code.At a financial technology company in Stockholm, modern code review is applied. Thecompany has expressed a need to implement a tool that can facilitate the code reviewprocess. One suggestion from the company was to implement high-level conceptual codereview (HCCR), an idea of a tool where code changes are sorted automatically intodifferent commits with a specific message.In order to implement the tool, HCCR needs to be defined and concretised since it haspreviously existed solely as an idea. As a first step of the project, developers’ view ofwhat information is desirable in a commit needed to be examined. The project addressedthe following research questions: What information is desirable and needed by the developers of a medium-sizedcompany, to help them do code reviews in a pull-based environment?– What should the information consist of?– How should the information be presented?To answer these questions, interviews were conducted with software developers at thecompany, together with observations where the developers had to try out a first iterationof HCCR. The first iteration was developed using the company’s guidelines on howdevelopers contribute to code changes together with our company supervisor’s viewson how the tool can work. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, whereafteriia thematic analysis was applied. From the analysis, 13 concepts emerged, which weredivided into five categories. The developers wanted the commits to be atomic, compilableand testable in order to facilitate debugging. The developers also expressed a need toget clear information about both pull-requests (PRs) and commit messages. In theinterviews, a theme emerged that the messages should consist of: what has changed andwhy it has changed. Differences were also observed in the code review process as differentdevelopers use different strategies when reviewing code.Based on the information that emerged from the interviews and observations along withprevious research, a second iteration of HCCR was prepared. The report concludes bydiscussing possible implementations of the tool.Kodgranskning är en vanligt förekommande aktivitet hos mjukvaruföretag där källkoden,eller delar av den, genomgår en granskning för att upptäcka möjliga fel innan kodensläpps till produktion. En variation av kodgranskning som är vanlig idag kallas modernkodgranskning och är en mindre formell kodgranskning där utvecklarna själva är medoch kontinuerligt reviderar sina kollegors kod.Ett finansiellt teknikbolag i Stockholm tillämpar modern kodgranskning. Företagethar uttryckt ett behov av att implementera ett verktyg som kan underlättakodgranskningsprocessen. Ett förslag från företaget var att implementera HCCR, enidé om ett verktyg där kodändringar automatiskt sorteras till olika, så kallade, commits1med ett specifikt meddelande.För att implementera verktyget behöver HCCR definieras och konkretiseras. Som ettförsta steg i projektet behövde vi undersöka utvecklarnas önskvärda information av huren commit bör utformas. Projektet behandlar följande forskningsfrågor: Vilken information är önskvärd och behövs av utvecklarna på ett medelstort företag,för att hjälpa dem att göra kodgranskningar i en pull-based miljö?– Vad ska informationen bestå av?– Hur skall informationen presenteras?För att svara på frågorna gjordes intervjuer med mjukvaruutvecklarna på företagettillsammans med observationer där utvecklarna fick prova på en första iteration avHCCR. Den första iterationen togs fram genom att använda företagets riktlinjer gällandehur utvecklare bidrar med kodändringar tillsammans med åsikter från handledaren påföretaget om hur verktyget kan fungera. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades1När det kommer till ord och uttryck inom Git, (exempelvis commits, pull-request, push, pull) finnsdet ingen standardiserad översättning till svenska. Därför kommer dessa ord skrivas på engelska isammanfattningen.ivvarpå en tematisk analys genomfördes. Från analysen framträdde 13 koncept kringkodgranskning vilka delades in i fem kategorier. Utvecklarna önskade att varje commitskulle vara atomisk, kompilerbar samt testbar för att underlätta felsökning av buggar.Utvecklarna uttryckte också ett behov av att få tydlig information om både PR ochcommit-meddelanden. I intervjuerna framkom det att meddelandena borde bestå av:vad som har ändrats och varför det har ändrats. Det observerades även skillnader ikodgranskningsprocessen då olika utvecklare använder olika strategier när de granskarkod.Baserat på den information som framträdde från intervjuerna och observationernatillsammans med tidigare forskning utarbetades en andra iteration av HCCR. Rapportenavslutas med att diskutera möjliga implementationer av verktyget.
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Baú, João Paulo Trevizan. "Interação de biomoléculas com goethita e sais da água do mar : um estudo de química prebiótica." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 2014. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000189425.
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As interações de biomoléculas com sais e minerais foram estudadas. A partir destas análises, verificou-se que nos sólidos de adenina obtidos por liofilização quando as soluções foram agitadas com água destilada em meio ácido ou básico, assim como em diferentes águas do mar artificiais, foram observadas mudanças estruturais. Estas mudanças foram devidas à protonação em meio ácido e interação com os sais das águas do mar. Os espectros Raman e FT-IR apresentam o aparecimento de bandas da adenina hipoclorada, assim como bandas devido à interação com os sais da água do mar. Na presença de sais das águas do mar foi observado deslocamentos das bandas dos sais, indicando uma interação com a adenina. Experimentos realizados com os aminoácidos (Gly, Ala) e goethita mostraram que a glicina pode cristalizar com fases diferentes dependendo do método utilizado (A, B e C). Por FT-IR não foi constatado a formação de peptídeos. É importante ressaltar que o mineral não sofreu modificação com os tratamentos, no entanto houve perda de intensidade no sinal de RPE com os métodos, indicando uma possível a organização dos íons Fe(III) e tornando o material totalmente antiferromagnético.Interaction of biomolecules with seawater salts and minerals were studied. From these analyzes, it was found that the solids obtained from the lyophilization of adenine when these solutions were agitated with distilled water at acidic or basic medium as well at different artificial seawaters were observed structural changes. These changes were due to protonation at acidic medium and interaction with cation of the seawaters. The FT-IR and Raman spectra show the appearance of bands of the hydrochloride adenine due to the interaction with the salts of the seawater. In the presence of the salts of the seawater, was observed shifts of the bands, indicating an interaction with the adenine. Experiments carried out with amino acids (Gly, Ala) and goethite showed that the glycine can crystallize with different phases depending on the method used (A, B and C). It was not observed the formation of peptides by FT-IR spectra. It is important to note that the mineral did not suffered modification with treatments. However, there was a loss of intensity in the EPR signal with the methods, indicating a possible organization of the Fe (III) and making a fully antiferromagnetic material.
Books on the topic "MSR Code"
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Introducing MSX assembly language and machine code. London: Collins, 1985.
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Organization, International Maritime, ed. International life-saving appliance code (LSA Code): Resolution MSC.48(66)). London: International Maritime Organization, 1997.
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Pierre, Wadoux, ed. Code Vagnon de la mer: Permis côtier. 2nd ed. Caluire: Les Ed. du Plaisancier, 1994.
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Organization, International Maritime. International code for fire safety systems (FSS code): Resolution MSC.98(73). London: International Maritime Organization, 2001.
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Organization, International Maritime. International code for fire safety systems (FSS code): Resolution MSC.98(73). London: International Maritime Organization, 2001.
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Society, Market Research. MRS Code of Conduct: Major revision in accordance with ICC/ESOMAR code. London: MRS, 1998.
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Lorenz-Andreasch, Helga. "Mir sein ja kolla Teitschverderber": Die Sprache der Schmiedeleut-Hutterer in Manitoba/Kanada. Wien: Edition Praesens, 2004.
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Organization, International Maritime. FTP Code: International code for application of fire test procedures, 2010 : (Resolution MSC.307(88)). 2nd ed. London: International Maritime Organization, 2012.
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Simões, Jorge. Heróis do mar: Viagem à pesca do bacalhau. Casal de Cambra: Caleidoscópio, 2007.
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Vié, Blandine. La morue: Entre sel et mer. Paris: J.-P. Rocher, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "MSR Code"
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Srivastava, A. K., Anurag Gupta, and Umasankari Kannan. "Development of a Python Module “SARRA” for Refuelling Analysis of MSR Using DRAGON Code." In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research, 1513–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5955-6_143.
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Chaddock, Katherine Elise. "Coda." In The Multi-Talented Mr. Erskine, 181–88. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137010780_12.
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Madden, Dorothy. "Coda." In You Call Me Louis, Not Mr. Horst, 143–44. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003421542-28.
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Vonthein, Reinhard. "Illustrationen an die Anwendung anpassen – R-Code für Symbol-Diagramme." In Zeig mir mehr Biostatistik!, 39–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54825-7_4.
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Zou, Chunyan, Chenggang Yu, Jun Zhou, Shuning Chen, Jianhui Wu, Yang Zou, Xiangzhou Cai, and Jingen Chen. "Minor Actinides Transmutation in Thermal, Epithermal and Fast Molten Salt Reactors with Very Deep Burnup." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 656–72. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_57.
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AbstractDeep burnup and high minor actinides (MA) loading are two alluring features for molten salt reactors (MSR) to incinerate the nuclear wastes. The transmutation capability of minor actinides in MSR is tightly related with the neutron spectrum, the loading of MA and the carrier salt compositions. In this work, three MSR core designs (thermal, epithermal and fast) and two types of salt compositions (Flibe and Flinak) with different solubility limits of transuranic elements are chosen for analyzing the transmutation capability of MA. With a significant mole fraction of MA loading (4% in the Flibe salt and 10% in the Flinak salt) and the continuous MA refueling, MSR acquires an excellent transmutation rate. The specific incineration rates of MA in the thermal, epithermal and fast MSR cores with the Flibe salt are about 167, 185 and 206 kg/GWth/y, respectively. With a larger loading of MA in the Flinak salt, a higher annual incineration rate of MA can be obtained, which are about 170, 206 and 247 kg/GWth/y in thermal, epithermal and fast MSRs, respectively. On the other hand, since there is a preferred neutron economy for the Flibe salt, a higher MA incineration ratio is achieved than that for the Flinak salt. When the neutron spectrum varies from the thermal to fast region, the MA incineration ratio ranges from 0.79 to 0.82 for the Flibe salt and it ranges from 0.75 to 0.81 for the Flinak salt. The transmutation capability of MA in MSR is much higher than that in solid-fueled reactors (~20 kg/GW.y in a PWR), which can provide a feasible way for reducing the current nuclear wastes.
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Suarez, Estela, Susanne Kunkel, Anne Küsters, Hans Ekkehard Plesser, and Thomas Lippert. "Modular Supercomputing for Neuroscience." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 63–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82427-3_5.
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AbstractThe precise simulation of the human brain requires coupling different models in order to cover the different physiological and functional aspects of this extremely complex organ. Each of this brain models is implemented following specific mathematical and programming approaches, potentially leading to diverging computational behaviour and requirements. Such situation is the typical use case that can benefit from the Modular Supercomputing Architecture (MSA), which organizes heterogeneous computing resources at system level. This architecture and its corresponding software environment enable to run each part of an application or a workflow on the best suited hardware.This paper presents the MSA concept covering current hardware and software implementations, and describes how the neuroscientific workflow resulting of coupling the codes NEST and Arbor is being prepared to exploit the MSA.
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Faella, Marco, and Gennaro Parlato. "Reasoning About Data Trees Using CHCs." In Computer Aided Verification, 249–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13188-2_13.
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AbstractReasoning about data structures requires powerful logics supporting the combination of structural and data properties. We define a new logic called Mso-D(Monadic Second-Order logic with Data) as an extension of standard Mso on trees with predicates of the desired data logic. We also define a new class of symbolic data tree automata (Sdtas) to deal with data trees using a simple machine. Mso-D and Sdtas are both Turing-powerful, and their high expressiveness is necessary to deal with interesting data structures. We cope with undecidability by encoding Sdta executions as a system of CHCs (Constrained Horn Clauses), and solving the resulting system using off-the-shelf solvers. We also identify a fragment of Mso-D whose satisfiability can be effectively reduced to the emptiness problem for Sdtas. This fragment is very expressive since it allows us to characterize a variety of data trees from the literature, solving certain infinite-state games, etc. We implement this reduction in a prototype tool that combines an Mso decision procedure over trees (Mona) with a CHC engine (Z3), and use this tool to conduct several experiments, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach across different problem domains.
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Smith, Rhona, Eimear Spain, and Richard Glancey. "The Bill of Rights (1688) (1 Will. & Mar. sess 2, c. 2)." In Core Statutes on Public Law & Civil Liberties, 2–4. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-54504-6_2.
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Siewert, Markus B., and Derek Beach. "The Many Threats from Mechanistic Heterogeneity That Can Spoil Multimethod Research." In Texts in Quantitative Political Analysis, 235–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12982-7_10.
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AbstractThe combination of cross-case and within-case analysis in Multi-Method Research (MMR) designs has gained considerable traction in the social sciences over the last decade. One reason for the popularity of MMR is grounded in the idea that different methods can complement each other, in the sense that the strengths of one method can compensate for the blind spots and weaknesses of another and vice versa. In this chapter, we critically address this core premise of MMR with an emphasis on the external validity of applying some cross-case method, like standard regression or Qualitative Comparative Analysis, in combination with case study analysis. After a brief overview of the rationale of MMR, we discuss in detail the problem of deriving generalizable claims about mechanisms in research contexts that likely exhibit mechanistic heterogeneity. In doing so, we clarify what we mean by mechanistic heterogeneity and where researchers should look for potential sources of mechanistic heterogeneity. Finally, we propose a strategy for progressively updating our confidence in the external validity of claims about causal mechanisms through the strategic selection of cases for within-case analysis based on the diversity of the population.
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Kruglik, Stanislav. "Secure MBR Array Codes in the Presence of Special Type Eavesdropper." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 56–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65729-1_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "MSR Code"
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Krepel, Jiri, Ulrich Grundmann, and Ulrich Rohde. "Development and Verification of Dynamics Code for Molten Salt Reactors." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49130.
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To perform transient analysis for Molten Salt Reactors (MSR), the reactor dynamics code DYN3D developed in FZR was modified for MSR applications. The MSR as a liquid fuel system can serve as a thorium breeder and also as an actinide burner. The specifics of the reactor dynamics of MSR consist in the fact, that there is direct influence of the fuel velocity to the reactivity, which is caused by the delayed neutrons precursors drift. This drift causes the spread of delayed neutrons distribution to the non-core parts of primary circuit. This leads to a reactivity loss due to the fuel flow acceleration or to the reactivity increase in the case of deceleration. For the first analyses, a 1D modified version DYN1D-MSR of the code has been developed. By means of the DYN1D-MSR, several transients typical for the liquid fuel system were analyzed. Transients due to the overcooling of fuel at the core inlet, due to the reactivity insertion, and the fuel pump trip have been considered. The results of all transient studies have shown that the dynamic behavior of MSR is stable when the coefficients of thermal feedback are negative. For studying space-dependent effects like e.g. local blockages of fuel channels, a 3D code version DYN3D-MSR will be developed. The nodal expansion method used in DYN3D for hexagonal fuel element geometry of VVER can be applied considering MSR design with hexagonal graphite channels.
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Guruswami, Venkatesan, Satyanarayana V. Lokam, and Sai Vikneshwar Mani Jayaraman. "∊-MSR Codes: Contacting Fewer Code Blocks for Exact Repair." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2018.8437576.
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Tao, Yida, and Sunghun Kim. "Partitioning Composite Code Changes to Facilitate Code Review." In 2015 IEEE/ACM 12th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msr.2015.24.
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Xavier, Laerte, Fabio Ferreira, Rodrigo Brito, and Marco Tulio Valente. "Beyond the Code." In MSR '20: 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387459.
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Fan, Jiahao, Yi Li, Shaohua Wang, and Tien N. Nguyen. "A C/C++ Code Vulnerability Dataset with Code Changes and CVE Summaries." In MSR '20: 17th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3379597.3387501.
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Rai, Brijesh Kumar. "On adaptive (functional MSR code based) distributed storage systems." In 2015 International Symposium on Network Coding (NetCod). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netcod.2015.7176787.
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Li, Ke, Shushi Gu, Ye Wang, and Qinyu Zhang. "Low-Complexity Shorten MSR Code for Limited Bandwidth Systems." In 2018 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccchina.2018.8641182.
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German, Daniel M., Massimiliano Di Penta, Yann-Gael Gueheneuc, and Giuliano Antoniol. "Code siblings: Technical and legal implications of copying code between applications." In 2009 6th IEEE International Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msr.2009.5069483.
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Duijn, Maarten, Adam Kucera, and Alberto Bacchelli. "Quality Questions Need Quality Code: Classifying Code Fragments on Stack Overflow." In 2015 IEEE/ACM 12th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msr.2015.51.
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Higo, Yoshiki, Akio Ohtani, Shinpei Hayashi, Hideaki Hata, and Kusumoto Shinji. "Toward Reusing Code Changes." In 2015 IEEE/ACM 12th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msr.2015.43.
Full textReports on the topic "MSR Code"
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Feng, Bo, Shayan Shahbazi, Jun Fang, Ting Fei, and Dillon Shaver. Application of NEAMS Codes to Capture MSR Phenomena. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1826681.
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Feng, Bo, Yan Cao, Eva Davidson, and B. Betzler. Application of Shift Ex-Core Calculations to a Detailed MSR Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1826364.
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Sabharwall, Piyush, Richard Skifton, Carl Stoots, Eung Soo Kim, and Thomas Conder. PIV Uncertainty Methodologies for CFD Code Validation at the MIR Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1116742.
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Tow Leong, Tiang, Mohd Saufi Ahmad, Ang Qian Yee, Syahrun Nizam Md Arshad@Hashim, Mohd Faizal Mohd Zahir, Mohd Azlizan Moh Adib, Nazril Husny, Tan Kheng Kwang, and Dahaman Ishak. HANDBOOK OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR NON-DOMESTIC BUILDING. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58915/techrpt2023.001.
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This technical report presents the electrical system installation design for development of a factory with 1 storey and 2 storey of offices. Firstly, the general methodology of designing the electrical system are elaborated in this report. As overall, the methodologies in designing the components of the electrical system are explained and elaborated, which included: (a) load and maximum demand estimation; (b) miniature circuit breaker (MCB) selection; (c) moulded case circuit breaker (MCCB) selection; (d) air circuit breaker (ACB) selection, (e) residual current device (RCD) selection; (f) protection relay selection; (g) current transformer (CT) selection; (h) sizing selection for cable and live conductors; (i) capacitor bank selection for power factor correction (PFC); and (j) distribution transformer and its protection devices selection. Then, the electrical system of this project is computed and designed by using the methodologies aforementioned. Firstly, the electrical system of various distribution boards (DBs) with the protection/metering devices along with its phase and earthing cables for every final circuits are designed and installed in the factory. Next, the installation is proceeded with the electrical system of main switchboard (MSB) with the protection/metering devices along with its phase and earthing cables for every DBs. Also, the electrical system of PFC by using detuned capacitor bank with various protection/metering devices is designed and built in the plant. Apart from that, the factory is equipped with the electrical system of high tension (HT) room that included the distribution power transformer with the protection/metering devices along with its phase and earthing cables. Lastly, the methodologies and the computation design of the electrical system installation in the context of connected load, load currents, maximum demand, MCB, MCCB, ACB, RCD, protection relay, metering CTs, live cable, protection conductor/earth cable, detuned capacitor bank, and distribution transformer, are prepared according to several important standards, for instance, the MS IEC 60364, Electrical Installations for Buildings, Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST) – Non-Domestic Electrical Installation Safety Code, Electricity Supply Application Handbook, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB).
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Plouffe, A., D. Petts, I M Kjarsgaard, and M. Polivchuk. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry mapping of porphyry -related epidote from south-central British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331671.
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The microscopic composition of thirteen samples of epidote related to porphyry Cu mineralization was mapped using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at the Geological Survey of Canada. The objective of this research is to improve the indicator mineral method of mineral exploration in glaciated terrains by utilizing the trace element composition of epidote. Six bedrock samples from porphyry Cu deposits of south-central British Columbia (Gibraltar, Mount Polley and Woodjam), three bedrock samples from the Nicola Group located close (<2 km) from the intrusions host of porphyry mineralization and afar (12 km), and four epidote grains from two till samples, one at Gibraltar and a second one at Mount Polley, were analyzed. Backscattered electron (BSE) images and the LA-ICP-MS maps show an heterogeneous distribution of Fe and Al in epidote following complex and mottled patterns and consistent zoning typically with high Fe and low Al concentrations in the core progressing to low Fe and high Al concentrations in the rim. Trace elements are heterogeneously distributed in epidote following the Fe/Al zoning in some samples. Evidence of late infiltration of trace elements (e.g. Cu, Zn, and REE) along fractures in epidote is observed in some samples. The variability in epidote composition is thought to be related to the changing conditions during its crystallization including oxidation state, pH, oxygen fugacity, fluid composition, temperature and pressure. Multiple LA-ICP-MS spot analyses need to be conducted on this mineral to fully evaluate its composition as an indicator mineral of porphyry Cu mineralization.
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Benn, D., R. Linnen, and T. Martins. Evaluating white mica as an indicator mineral for lithium bearing pegmatites, Wekusko Lake pegmatite field, Manitoba, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328982.
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This project investigates the potential use of white micas as an indicator mineral within Li-bearing pegmatites and the potential of field portable techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as real-time techniques in exploration. The pegmatites in the Wekusko Lake field, Manitoba, Canada, display five zones of varying mineralization. White micas display two textures in the field (primary igneous and secondary) and four textures were identified by backscattered electron imaging (poor zonation, rimmed, patchy and exsolution). The white micas were analysed by Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) and Laser Ablation Induction-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) and the results show a strong correlation in the Li content of the white mica and the whole rock Li2O obtained from the assays of drill core. The K/Rb vs. Cs contents of the white mica indicate that the most prospective dikes contain moderate to highly evolved grains. The use of portable Raman Spectrometer, while useful for mineral identification, was not able to detect a significant Li signature at the concentrations tested (1500-6000 ppm).
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Gupta, Kanika, Sung Soo Park, Antonio Bobet, and Tommy Nantung. Improved Reliability of FWD Test Results and Correlations with Resilient Modulus. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317370.
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Resilient modulus (MR) is a key factor in the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) which was adopted by INDOT in January 2009. The resilient modulus can be determined in new pavement projects from subgrade soil samples collected at the site. However, for a pavement rehabilitation project, it becomes difficult to obtain soil information, and coring for samples may not be feasible because of traffic. The literature is rich with correlations between the MR of the subgrade obtained in the laboratory with that estimated from FWD tests in the field. However, the review conducted shows very contradictory and inconsistent findings, thus existing correlations seem to apply only to the cases investigated, i.e., they are ad hoc correlations and cannot be generalized. To improve the interpretation of the FWD data and enhance the reliability of the results in Indiana, FWD and GPR tests were performed at five different road construction projects at the same locations where soil samples were collected and tested in the laboratory for resilient modulus. The selected sites included roads with rigid pavement and treated subgrade and flexible pavement with untreated subgrade. The study showed that (1) FWD backcalculation is greatly affected by pavement thickness; (2) GPR can provide actual thicknesses and can identify discrepancies between as-built and design pavement thickness; (3) for flexible pavements, a one-to-one correlation exists between FWD modulus and laboratory resilient modulus values for untreated subgrade soils; (4) MODTAG or ELMOD codes can both be used to estimate the resilient modulus of the subgrade in flexible pavements; (5) for rigid pavements, results of FWD backcalculation analysis using ELMOD or MODTAG greatly overestimate the resilient modulus of the soil, with backcalculated moduli 1.3 to 6 times higher than laboratory results; (6) ELMOD is recommended for routine analysis of FWD data, while MODTAG is recommended for research or to evaluate the quality of the data, when needed.
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Cohen, Roni, Kevin Crosby, Menahem Edelstein, John Jifon, Beny Aloni, Nurit Katzir, Haim Nerson, and Daniel Leskovar. Grafting as a strategy for disease and stress management in muskmelon production. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613874.bard.
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The overall objective of this research was to elucidate the horticultural, pathological, physiological and molecular factors impacting melon varieties (scion) grafted onto M. cannonballus resistant melon and squash rootstocks. Specific objectives were- to compare the performance of resistant melon germplasm (grafted and non-grafted) when exposed to M. cannoballus in the Lower Rio Grande valley and the Wintergarden, Texas, and in the Arava valley, Israel; to address inter-species relationships between a Monosporascus resistant melon rootstock and susceptible melon scions in terms of fruit-set, fruit quality and yield; to study the factors which determine the compatibility between the rootstock and the scion in melon; to compare the responses of graft unions of differing compatibilities under disease stress, high temperatures, deficit irrigation, and salinity stress; and to investigate the effect of rootstock on stress related gene expression in the scion. Some revisions were- to include watermelon in the Texas investigations since it is much more economically important to the state, and also to evaluate additional vine decline pathogens Didymella bryoniae and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current strategies for managing vine decline rely heavily on soil fumigation with methyl bromide, but restrictions on its use have increased the need for alternative management strategies. Grafting of commercial melon varieties onto resistant rootstocks with vigorous root systems is an alternative to methyl bromide for Monosporascus root rot/vine decline (MRR/VD) management in melon production. Extensive selection and breeding has already produced potential melon rootstock lines with vigorous root systems and disease resistance. Melons can also be grafted onto Cucurbita spp., providing nonspecific but efficient protection from a wide range of soil-borne diseases and against some abiotic stresses, but compatibility between the scion and the rootstock can be problematic. During the first year experiments to evaluate resistance to the vine decline pathogens Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella bryoniae, and Macrophomina phaseolina in melon and squash rootstocks proved the efficacy of these grafted plants in improving yield and quality. Sugars and fruit size were better in grafted versus non-grafted plants in both Texas and Israel. Two melons (1207 and 124104) and one pumpkin, Tetsukabuto, were identified as the best candidate rootstocks in Texas field trials, while in Israel, the pumpkin rootstock RS59 performed best. Additionally, three hybrid melon rootstocks demonstrated excellent resistance to both M. cannonballus and D. bryoniae in inoculated tests, suggesting that further screening for fruit quality and yield should be conducted. Experiments with ABA in Uvalde demonstrated a significant increase in drought stress tolerance and concurrent reduction in transplant shock due to reduced transpiration for ‘Caravelle’ plants. In Israel, auxin was implicated in reducing root development and contributing to increased hydrogen peroxide, which may explain incompatibility reactions with some squash rootstocks. However, trellised plants responded favorably to auxin (NAA) application at the time of fruit development. Gene expression analyses in Israel identified several cDNAs which may code for phloem related proteins, cyclins or other factors which impact the graft compatibility. Manipulation of these genes by transformation or traditional breeding may lead to improved rootstock cultivars. Commercial applications of the new melon rootstocks as well as the ABA and TIBA growth regulators have potential to improve the success of grafted melons in both Israel and Texas. The disease resistance, fruit quality and yield data generated by the field trials will help producers in both locations to decide what rootstock/scion combinations will be best.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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Grumet, Rebecca, and Benjamin Raccah. Identification of Potyviral Domains Controlling Systemic Infection, Host Range and Aphid Transmission. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695842.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Potyviruses form one of the largest and most economically important groups of plant viruses. Individual potyviruses and their isolates vary in symptom expression, host range, and ability to overcome host resistance genes. Understanding factors influencing these biological characteristics is of agricultural importance for epidemiology and deployment of resistance strategies. Cucurbit crops are subject to severe losses by several potyviruses including the highly aggressive and variable zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). In this project we sought to investigate protein domains in ZYMV that influence systemic infection and host range. Particular emphasis was on coat protein (CP), because of known functions in both cell to cell and long distance movement, and helper component-protease (HC-Pro), which has been implicated to play a role in symptom development and long distance movement. These two genes are also essential for aphid mediated transmission, and domains that influence disease development may also influence transmissibility. The objectives of the approved BARD project were to test roles of specific domains in the CP and HC-Pro by making sequence alterations or switches between different isolates and viruses, and testing for infectivity, host range, and aphid transmissibility. These objectives were largely achieved as described below. Finally, we also initiated new research to identify host factors interacting with potyviral proteins and demonstrated interaction between the ZYMV RNA dependent RNA polymerase and host poly-(A)-binding protein (Wang et al., in press). The focus of the CP studies (MSU) was to investigate the role of the highly variable amino terminus (NT) in host range determination and systemic infection. Hybrid ZYMV infectious clones were produced by substituting the CP-NT of ZYMV with either the CP-NT from watermelon mosaic virus (overlapping, but broader host range) or tobacco etch virus (TEV) (non- overlapping host range) (Grumet et al., 2000; Ullah ct al., in prep). Although both hybrid viruses initially established systemic infection, indicating that even the non-cucurbit adapted TEV CP-NT could facilitate long distance transport in cucurbits, after approximately 4-6, the plants inoculated with the TEV-CPNT hybrid exhibited a distinct recovery of reduced symptoms, virus titer, and virus specific protection against secondary infection. These results suggest that the plant recognizes the presence of the TEV CP-NT, which has not been adapted to infection of cucurbits, and initiates defense responses. The CP-NT also appears to play a role in naturally occurring resistance conferred by the zym locus in the cucumber line 'Dina-1'. Patterns of virus accumulation indicated that expression of resistance is developmentally controlled and is due to a block in virus movement. Switches between the core and NT domains of ZYMV-NAA (does not cause veinal chlorosis on 'Dina-1'), and ZYMV-Ct (causes veinal chlorosis), indicated that the resistance response likely involves interaction with the CP-NT (Ullah and Grumet, submitted). At the Volcani Center the main thrust was to identify domains in the HC-Pro that affect symptom expression or aphid transmissibility. From the data reported in the first and second year report and in the attached publications (Peng et al. 1998; Kadouri et al. 1998; Raccah et al. 2000: it was shown that: 1. The mutation from PTK to PAK resulted in milder symptoms of the virus on squash, 2. Two mutations, PAK and ATK, resulted in total loss of helper activity, 3. It was established for the first time that the PTK domain is involved in binding of the HC-Pro to the potyvirus particle, and 4. Some of these experiments required greater amount of HC-Pro, therefore a simpler and more efficient purification method was developed based on Ni2+ resin.