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1
Kadekoppala, Madhusudan, Rebecca A. O'Donnell, Munira Grainger, Brendan S. Crabb, and Anthony A. Holder. "Deletion of the Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 7 Gene Impairs Parasite Invasion of Erythrocytes." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 12 (September 26, 2008): 2123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00274-08.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Merozoite surface proteins have been implicated in the initial attachment to the host red blood cell membrane that begins the process of invasion, an important step in the life cycle of the malaria parasite. In Plasmodium falciparum, merozoite surface proteins include several glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored proteins and peripheral proteins attached to the membrane through protein-protein interactions. The most abundant of these proteins is the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) complex, encoded by at least three genes: msp1, msp6, and msp7. The msp7 gene is part of a six-member multigene family in Plasmodium falciparum. We have disrupted msp7 in the Plasmodium falciparum D10 parasite, as confirmed by Southern hybridization. Immunoblot and indirect immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the MSP7 null phenotype of D10ΔMSP7 parasites. The synthesis, distribution, and processing of MSP1 were not affected in this parasite line. The level of expression and cellular distribution of the proteins MSP1, MSP3, MSP6, MSP9, and SERA5 remained comparable to those for the parental line. Furthermore, no significant change in the expression of MSP7-related proteins, except for that of MSRP5, was detected at the transcriptional level. The lack of MSP7 was not lethal at the asexual blood stage, but it did impair invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites to a significant degree. Despite this reduction in efficiency, D10ΔMSP7 parasites did not show any obvious preference for alternate pathways of invasion.
2
Pearce, J. Andrew, Tony Triglia, Anthony N. Hodder, David C. Jackson, Alan F. Cowman, and Robin F. Anders. "Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 6 Is a Dimorphic Antigen." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 4 (April 2004): 2321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.4.2321-2328.2004.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) is a highly polymorphic Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein implicated in the invasion of human erythrocytes during the asexual cycle. It forms a complex with MSP6 and MSP7 on the merozoite surface, and this complex is released from the parasite around the time of erythrocyte invasion. MSP1 and many other merozoite surface proteins contain dimorphic elements in their protein structures, and here we show that MSP6 is also dimorphic. The sequences of eight MSP6 genes indicate that the alleles of each dimorphic form of MSP6 are highly conserved. The smaller 3D7-type MSP6 alleles are detected in parasites from all malarious regions of the world, whereas K1-type MSP6 alleles have only been detected in parasites from mainland Southeast Asia. Cleavage of MSP6, which produces the p36 fragment in 3D7-type MSP6 and associates with MSP1, also occurs in K1-type MSP6 but at a different site in the protein. Anti-3D7 MSP6 antibodies weakly inhibited erythrocyte invasion by homologous 3D7 merozoites but did not inhibit a parasite line expressing the K1-type MSP6 allele. Antibodies from hyperimmune individuals affinity purified on an MSP3 peptide cross-reacted with MSP6; therefore, MSP6 may also be a target of antibody-dependent cellular inhibition.
3
Boyle, Michelle J., Christine Langer, Jo-Anne Chan, Anthony N. Hodder, Ross L. Coppel, Robin F. Anders, and James G. Beeson. "Sequential Processing of Merozoite Surface Proteins during and after Erythrocyte Invasion by Plasmodium falciparum." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 3 (November 11, 2013): 924–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00866-13.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTPlasmodium falciparumcauses malaria disease during the asexual blood stages of infection when merozoites invade erythrocytes and replicate. Merozoite surface proteins (MSPs) are proposed to play a role in the initial binding of merozoites to erythrocytes, but precise roles remain undefined. Based on electron microscopy studies of invadingPlasmodiummerozoites, it is proposed that the majority of MSPs are cleaved and shed from the surface during invasion, perhaps to release receptor-ligand interactions. In this study, we demonstrate that there is not universal cleavage of MSPs during invasion. Instead, there is sequential and coordinated cleavage and shedding of proteins, indicating a diversity of roles for surface proteins during and after invasion. While MSP1 and peripheral surface proteins such as MSP3, MSP7, serine repeat antigen 4 (SERA4), and SERA5 are cleaved and shed at the tight junction between the invading merozoite and erythrocyte, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins MSP2 and MSP4 are carried into the erythrocyte without detectable processing. Following invasion, MSP2 rapidly degrades within 10 min, whereas MSP4 is maintained for hours. This suggests that while some proteins that are shed upon invasion may have roles in initial contact steps, others function during invasion and are then rapidly degraded, whereas others are internalized for roles during intraerythrocytic development. Interestingly, anti-MSP2 antibodies did not inhibit invasion and instead were carried into erythrocytes and maintained for approximately 20 h without inhibiting parasite development. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of invasion and knowledge to advance the development of new drugs and vaccines against malaria.
4
Sayapin, S. N. "Mobile speleological parallel robot with a spatial tactile system for identification of the contact surface." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 12 (753) (December 2022): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2022-12-46-58.
Abstract:
The paper considers the problem of conducting speleological studies of natural and artificial caves, including channels of the underground rivers, as well as various mine workings in dangerous or inaccessible conditions for a speleologist. In this case, external environment of the objects under study could turn out to be opaque for optical, radio, ultrasonic and other physical methods of monitoring the inner surface, for example, due to partial or complete flooding of the object with water with inhomogeneous suspensions. A solution to the problem is proposed by robotizing the research using a mobile speleological parallel robot (MSPR) with a spatial tactile system for identification of the contact surface. MSPR is created in the form of an active octahedral structure, which edges are rods with linear drives. The rod ends are pivotally connected to the corresponding vertices of the active octahedral structure ensuring its geometric invariability when the linear drives are turned off. As a result, MSPR is able to carry out contact (tactile) mapping of the inner surface under study regardless of the external environment transparency and its geodetic binding to the base coordinate system with visualization in the form of histograms. At the same time, MSPR is able to self-move along the internal surfaces regardless of their spatial orientation. MSPR and its functionalities are described, one of which is the ability to build the 3D histograms of the surrounding space bind to the base (inertial) coordinate system through the mechanical contact. The tactile system of identifying the contact surface makes it possible not only to move the MSPR, but also to tactilely monitor in the external environment that is opaque for optical, radio, ultrasonic and other physical control methods. MSPR allows robotizing speleological research in dangerous, hard-to-reach and inaccessible places for a speleologist, as well as to carry out rescue operations and ensure delivery of the required cargo.
5
Yu, Jinjin, Fenghao Zhang, Zhi Chen, and Liman Liu. "MSPR-Net: A Multi-Scale Features Based Point Cloud Registration Network." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 4874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194874.
Abstract:
Point-cloud registration is a fundamental task in computer vision. However, most point clouds are partially overlapping, corrupted by noise and comprised of indistinguishable surfaces, especially for complexly distributed outdoor LiDAR point clouds, which makes registration challenging. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale features-based point cloud registration network named MSPR-Net for large-scale outdoor LiDAR point cloud registration. The main motivation of the proposed MSPR-Net is that the features of two keypoints from a true correspondence must match in different scales. From this point of view, we first utilize a multi-scale backbone to extract the multi-scale features of the keypoints. Next, we propose a bilateral outlier removal strategy to remove the potential outliers in the keypoints based on the multi-scale features. Finally, a coarse-to-fine registration way is applied to exploit the information both in feature and spatial space. Extensive experiments conducted on two large-scale outdoor LiDAR point cloud datasets demonstrate that MSPR-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance.
6
Bokalo, Miko, Stephen J. Titus, and Douglas P. Wiens. "Sampling with Partial Replacement Extended To Include Growth Projections." Forest Science 42, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/42.3.328.
Abstract:
Abstract The original theory of Sampling with Partial Replacement (SPR) is modified to incorporate growth model projections of the unmatched plot data on the initial measurement. The Modified Sampling with Partial Replacement (MSPR) theory is illustrated by estimating growth and current volume using simulated plot data. In addition to the assumptions required by SPR, MSPR requires that the growth projection errors be random and have a mean of zero. If these assumptions are met, the modified theory improves the precision of the volume and growth estimators over the original SPR estimator. For. Sci. 42(3):328-334.
7
Domine, Daniel, James Devillers, Maurice Chastrette, and Walter Karcher. "Multivariate structure-property relationships (MSPR) of pesticides." Pesticide Science 35, no. 1 (1992): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780350110.
8
She, Yue Hui, Fu Chang Shu, Zheng Liang Wang, and Long Jiang Yu. "Investigation of Indigenous Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery in a Middle Salinity Petroleum Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 365 (October 2011): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.365.326.
Abstract:
Culture-based techniques were applied to analyze the diversity of indigenous microbial communities in the Qinghai middle salinity petroleum reservoir (QH-MSPR). The results of the most probable number (MPN) method indicated there was an abundance of indigenous microbes (105-106MPN/ml). Two isolations (BIOS682) from the QH-MSPR were identified as Brevibacillus agri and Brevibacillus levickii. The study showed that BIOS682 enhanced the degradation rate of Huatugou crude oil. The viscosity and freezing point of crude oil after treatment by BIOS682 were all decreased. The results of TLC and FTIR spectrum analysis of the biosurfactant produced by BIOS682 indicated that it was identical to that of lipopeptide. The core-flooding tests showed that the incremental oil recoveries were 7.05-10.15%. Thus, BIOS682 may provide a viable application of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR).
9
Dahl, John L., Farah K. Tengra, David Dutton, Jinyuan Yan, Tracy M. Andacht, Lia Coyne, Veronica Windell, and Anthony G. Garza. "Identification of Major Sporulation Proteins of Myxococcus xanthus Using a Proteomic Approach." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 8 (February 9, 2007): 3187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01846-06.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Myxococcus xanthus is a soil-dwelling, gram-negative bacterium that during nutrient deprivation is capable of undergoing morphogenesis from a vegetative rod to a spherical, stress-resistant spore inside a domed-shaped, multicellular fruiting body. To identify proteins required for building stress-resistant M. xanthus spores, we compared the proteome of liquid-grown vegetative cells with the proteome of mature fruiting body spores. Two proteins, protein S and protein S1, were differentially expressed in spores, as has been reported previously. In addition, we identified three previously uncharacterized proteins that are differentially expressed in spores and that exhibit no homology to known proteins. The genes encoding these three novel major spore proteins (mspA, mspB, and mspC) were inactivated by insertion mutagenesis, and the development of the resulting mutant strains was characterized. All three mutants were capable of aggregating, but for two of the strains the resulting fruiting bodies remained flattened mounds of cells. The most pronounced structural defect of spores produced by all three mutants was an altered cortex layer. We found that mspA and mspB mutant spores were more sensitive specifically to heat and sodium dodecyl sulfate than wild-type spores, while mspC mutant spores were more sensitive to all stress treatments examined. Hence, the products of mspA, mspB, and mspC play significant roles in morphogenesis of M. xanthus spores and in the ability of spores to survive environmental stress.
10
Tewari, Rita, Solabomi A. Ogun, Ruwani S. Gunaratne, Andrea Crisanti, and Anthony A. Holder. "Disruption of Plasmodium berghei merozoite surface protein 7 gene modulates parasite growth in vivo." Blood 105, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-06-2106.
Abstract:
Abstract Merozoite invasion of red blood cells is crucial to the development of the parasite that causes malaria. Merozoite surface proteins (MSPs) mediate the first interaction between parasite and erythrocyte. In Plasmodium falciparum, they include a complex of products from at least 3 genes (msp1, msp6, and msp7), one of which, msp7, is part of a gene family containing 3 and 6 adjacent members in Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. We have identified and disrupted msp7 in the Plasmodium berghei gene family. The protein is expressed in schizonts and colocalizes with MSP1. The synthesis and processing of MSP1 was unaffected in the parasite with the disrupted gene (MSP7ko). Disruption of msp7 was not lethal but affected blood-stage parasite growth. MSP7ko parasites initially grew more slowly than wild-type parasites. However, when reticulocytes were prevalent, the rate of increase in parasitemia was similar, suggesting that MSP7ko parasites prefer to invade and grow within reticulocytes. (Blood. 2005;105:394-396)
11
Wan Ahamad, Wan Mohd Azwady, Dzaraini Kamarun, and Mohd Kamil Abd Rahman. "Performance of Newly-Fabricated Modular Surface Plasmon Resonance (mSPR) Sensor." Materials Science Forum 857 (May 2016): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.459.
Abstract:
Performance of modular surface plasmon resonance (mSPR) sensor based on refractive index is discussed in this paper. The sensor was built in house using a polychromatic light source, polarizer to produce a transverse magnetic wave, high refractive index waveguide, gold-coated disk, single channel cell and spectrometer for data analysis. A knob for adjusting the angle of the incident provides a means for ease of angle variation which simplifies the design of the instrument for portability purposes. In conventional SPR, the light source need to be delocalized for search of the resonance angle, making the instrument bulky in size and had to be laboratory-based. The efficiency of the newly designed SPR biosensor was tested using a various percentages of ethanol in deionized water. Observations on the shifts of the resonance wavelength with ethanol strength revealed that the SPR biosensor has a sensitivity of 64 nm/RIU and a resolution of ~102 RIU.
12
Zeng, W., E. Y. Baafi, and H. Fan. "A simulation model to study truck-allocation options." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 122, no. 12 (February 10, 2023): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2100/2022.
Abstract:
We present a discrete event simulator, TSJSim (Truck-Shovel JaamSim Simulator), for evaluating the stochastic and dynamic operational variables in a truck-shovel system. TSJSim offers four truck allocation strategies: Fixed truck assignment (FTA), Minimizing shovel production requirement (MSPR), Minimizing truck waiting time (MTWT), and Minimizing truck semi-cycle time (MTSCT) including the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization and the frozen dispatching algorithm (FDA) optimization rules. Multiple decision points along the haul routes for all the trucks close to the decision points were included in the model. The simulation results indicate that the trends associated with production tons and queuing time utilizing the four truck allocation strategies (MSPR, MTWT, FDA, and GA) all demonstrated similar patterns as the fleet size varied. As the system fleet size increased, the system production tons under these strategies at first increased significantly and then remained relatively constant; the queuing time relating to these strategies showed a positive relationship with the system fleet size. The bunching time decreased when the truck allocation strategies were applied in the model. In the simulated truck-shovel network system with multiple traffic intersections, by assigning the trucks at the intersections, both productivity and fleet utilization increased.
13
Black, Casilda G., Lina Wang, Alan R. Hibbs, Ekkehard Werner, and Ross L. Coppel. "Identification of the Plasmodium chabaudi Homologue of Merozoite Surface Proteins 4 and 5 ofPlasmodium falciparum." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 2075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.5.2075-2081.1999.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Previous studies of Plasmodium falciparum have identified a region of chromosome 2 in which are clustered three genes for glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored merozoite surface proteins, MSP2, MSP5, and MSP4, arranged in tandem. MSP4and MSP5 both encode proteins 272 residues long that contain hydrophobic signal sequences, GPI attachment signals, and a single epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain at their carboxyl termini. Nevertheless, the remainder of their protein coding regions are quite dissimilar. The locations and similar structural features of these genes suggest that they have arisen from a gene duplication event. Here we describe the identification of the syntenic region of the genome in the murine malaria parasite, Plasmodium chabaudi adami DS. Only one open reading frame is present in this region, and it encodes a protein with structural features reminiscent of both MSP4 and MSP5, including a single EGF-like domain. Accordingly, the gene has been designated PcMSP4/5. The homologue of theP. falciparum MSP2 gene could not be found in P. chabaudi; however, the amino terminus of the PcMSP4/5 protein shows similarity to that of MSP2. The PcMSP4/5 gene encodes a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 36 kDa, and this protein is detected in mature stages of the parasite. The protein partitions in the detergent-enriched phase after Triton X-114 fractionation and is localized to the surfaces of trophozoites and developing and free merozoites. The PcMSP4/5 gene is transcribed in both ring and trophozoite stages but appears to be spliced in a stage-specific manner such that the central intron is spliced from the mRNA in the parasitic stage in which the protein is expressed.
14
Lu, Qibei, Feipeng Guo, Wei Zhou, Zifan Wang, and Shaobo Ji. "Mobile Social Recommendation Model Integrating Users’ Personality Traits and Relationship Strength under Privacy Concerns." Systems 10, no. 6 (October 29, 2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10060198.
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of data sparsity, cold start, and privacy concerns in complex information recommendation systems, such as personalized marketing on Alibaba or TikTok, this paper proposes a mobile social recommendation model integrating users’ personality traits and social relationship strength under privacy concerns (PC-MSPR). Firstly, PC-MSPR focuses on specific personality traits, including openness, extraversion, and agreeableness, and their impacts on mobile users’ online behaviors. A personality traits calculation method that incorporates privacy preferences (PP-PTM) is then introduced. Secondly, a novel method for calculating the users’ relationship strength, based on their social network interactive activities and domain ontologies (AI-URS) is proposed. AI-URS divides the interactive activities into activity domains and calculates the strength of relationships between users belonging to the same activity domain; at the same time, the comprehensive relationship strength of users in the same domain, including direct relationships and indirect relationships, is calculated based on interactive activity documents. Finally, social recommendations are derived by integrating personality traits and social relationships to calculate user similarity. The proposed model is validated using empirical data. The results show the model’s superiority in alleviating data sparsity and cold-start problems, obtaining higher recommendation precision, and reducing the impact of privacy concerns regarding the users’ adoption of personalized recommendation services.
15
Campos Aguiar, Bruno Aurelio, Norivania Diniz Da Silva, Mirlla Rayra Reis Sousa, Bárbara Maria Martins Santos, Flávia Bezerra Souza, and Priscila Bezerra de Souza. "INFLUÊNCIA DOS DEJETOS DA CAPRINOCULTURA NA COMPOSIÇÃO DE SUBSTRATOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Anadenanthera peregrina (L) Speg." DESAFIOS - Revista Interdisciplinar da Universidade Federal do Tocantins 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uftv7-7404.
Abstract:
O esterco caprino é um material orgânico que pode ser uma alternativa para a formulação de substratos para produção de mudas de espécies nativas. O trabalho foi conduzido em um viveiro, coordenado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos: T1 – Terra de subsolo (TS) (100%), T2 – Terra de subsolo (TS) + Esterco caprino (EC) (75%:25%), T3 – Terra de subsolo (TS) + Esterco caprino (EC) (50%:50%), T4 – Terra de subsolo (TS) + Esterco caprino (EC) (25%:75%) e T5 - Esterco caprino (EC) (100%) com 4 repetições. Foi possível observar pela análise de variância que houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos na porcentagem de esterco caprino (EC) para as variáveis germinação (G), altura (H) e diâmetro do colo (DC) aos 30 e 60 dias após a semeadura, massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) massa seca da parte radicular (MSPR), massa seca total (MST). O T4 proporcionou os melhores resultados nas variáveis analisadas, mesmo assim não é recomendado para a produção de mudas de Anadenanthera peregrina (L) Speg. no tempo avaliado, pois as mesma obtiveram valor inferior a 0,20 ao qual é recomendado na literatura para o índice de qualidade de Dickson.
16
Kedzierski, Lukasz, Casilda G. Black, Matthew W. Goschnick, Anthony W. Stowers, and Ross L. Coppel. "Immunization with a Combination of Merozoite Surface Proteins 4/5 and 1 Enhances Protection against Lethal Challenge with Plasmodium yoelii." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 12 (December 2002): 6606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.12.6606-6613.2002.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT It is widely believed that subunit vaccines composed of multiple components will offer greater protection against challenge by malaria, and yet there is little experimental evidence to support this view. We set out to test this proposition in the Plasmodium yoelii challenge system in rodents by comparing the degree of protection conferred by immunization with a mixture of merozoite surface proteins to that conferred by single proteins. We therefore examined a defined protein mixture made of the epidermal growth factor-like domains of P. yoelli merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) and MSP4/5, the homologue of P. falciparum MSP4 and MSP5. In the present study we demonstrate that this combination of recombinant proteins dramatically enhances protection against lethal malaria challenge compared to either protein administered alone. Many mice immunized with the MSP4/5 plus MSP119 combination did not develop detectable parasitemia after challenge. Combined immunization with MSP119 and yMSP4/5, a product characterized by lower protective efficacy, also greatly enhanced protection by reducing peak parasitemias and increasing the numbers of survivors. In some combination trials, levels of antibodies to MSP119 were elevated compared to the MSP119 alone group; however, improved protection occurred regardless of whether boosting of the anti-MSP119 response was observed. Boosting of anti-MSP119 did not appear to be due to contaminating endotoxin in the EcMSP4/5 material since enhanced protection was observed in C3H/HeJ mice, which are endotoxin insensitive. Collectively, these experiments show that multiantigen combinations offer enhanced levels of protection against asexual stage infection and suggest that combinations of MSP1, MSP4, and MSP5 should be evaluated further for use in humans.
17
Hayes, B. J. "The Minimum Space Platform Rig (MSPR)-Its Adaptability to Onshore Drilling Applications." Journal of Petroleum Technology 37, no. 09 (September 1, 1985): 1633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/11690-pa.
18
Giolo, Rodrigo, Rafael Rodrigues, Vanessa Cury Galati, Mariane Barbara, and Marco Antônio Vrech. "O uso de estimulante afeta ou não o desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar?" Scientific Electronic Archives 14, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/14320211210.
Abstract:
A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum) é uma das culturas de maior importância socioeconômica no Brasil, exercendo função de destaque na produção de açúcar e álcool. A busca intensiva por técnicas que maximizem a produtividade no cultivo de cana-de-açúcar aponta a aplicação de reguladores vegetais ou biorreguladores visando aumentos quantitativos e qualitativos na produção. Frente ao exposto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar diferentes doses de estimulante a fim de verificar o desenvolvimento inicial das raízes. O experimento foi conduzido na cidade de Cosmorama/SP. Utilizaram-se rebolos provenientes de cana-de-açúcar da variedade RB86 – 7515, que foram acomodados em tubetes para aplicação dos tratamentos que correspondem ao parcelamento da dose recomendada pelo fabricante: T0 – 0%, T1 – 50%, T2 – 100% (dose recomendada pelo fabricante), T3 – 150% e T4 – 200%). Foram avaliados os parâmetros altura do perfilho (AP), número de perfilho (NP), diâmetro do perfilho (DP) e massa seca dos perfilhos com suas raízes (MSPR). Os tratamentos T0, T1 e T2 não apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação à AP e DP. Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos quando se analisou DP e MSPR. Com este estudo pode-se concluir que o uso de 50% da dose recomendada de ácido 4-indol-3-ilbutírico +ácido giberélico + cinetina influenciou, principalmente, na altura de perfilho, no entanto, para os outros parâmetros avaliados a aplicação de bioestimulantes no desenvolvimento inicial da raiz não apresentou um resultado satisfatório
19
Zhang, Jun, and Xuedong Chen. "Socially Responsible Investment Portfolio Construction with a Double-Screening Mechanism considering Machine Learning Prediction." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (November 17, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7390887.
Abstract:
Although socially responsible investment (SRI) has developed into an important investment style, only a small number of studies discuss SRI portfolio construction. In view of the overwhelming breakthrough of machine learning in prediction, this paper proposes SRI portfolio construction models by combining a double-screening mechanism considering machine learning prediction and an extended global minimum variance (GMV) model (or extended maximum Sharpe ratio (MSPR) model), which are, respectively, named double-screening socially responsible investment (DSSRI) portfolio models I and II. The proposed models consist of two stages, i.e., stock screening and asset allocation. First, this paper develops a novel double-screening mechanism incorporating environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) and return potential criteria to ensure that high-quality stocks with good ESG performance and high-return potential are input into the optimal portfolio. Specifically, to obtain accurate stock return predictions, an extreme learning machine model optimized by the genetic algorithm is employed to predict stock prices. Next, to trade off the financial and ESG objectives of SRI investors, an extended GMV model (or extended MSPR model) considering the ESG factor is introduced to determine the capital allocation proportion of the stocks. We take the A-share market of China as the sample to verify the effectiveness of the proposed models. The empirical results demonstrate that compared with alternative models, the proposed models can yield better annualized return and ESG score performance as well as competitive Sharpe ratio performance.
20
Ahmed, Ansari Vaqar, and Uday Pandit Khot. "An Efficient Motion Vector Recovery and Reconstruction Method for Spatiotemporal Video Error Concealment." International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing 9, no. 4 (October 2019): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2019100103.
Abstract:
In this article, an efficient spatiotemporal video error concealment (EC) based on motion vector (MV) recovery and a pixel reconstruction (PR) method is proposed. The pixel-based motion vector with partition (PMVP) is modified by using Mahalanobis distance (MD) rather than Euclidean distance (ED) for recovering MVs, as MD uses standard deviation and covariance of available pixels. Further, the MD gives more accuracy for non-square cluster compared to ED. This modified pixel-based motion vector with partition (MPMVP) algorithm is further upgrade by two different strategies. First, by using voting priority of available MVs based on the probabilities of similar directions. Second, by considering separate horizontal and vertical directions of available MVs in voting priority. For pixel reconstruction, modified spiral pixel reconstruction (MSPR) algorithm based on directional edge recovery method using minimum and maximum Mahalanobis distance from available pixels of surrounding MBs is proposed. Mahalanobis distance approach is most optimized similarity measure technique compared to other distance measurement approach to obtained lost motion vectors. These proposed EC techniques are compared with existing EC techniques like, SPR EC using ED, PMVP based EC with ED, and MV Interpolation by Zhou's method for various packet loss rates (PLRs) as 3%, 7%, 16%, 20% and quantization parameters (QPs) as 20, 24, 28, 32, 36. For total average in PLR of 3%, 7%, 16% and 20%, MSPR is having better PSNR compared to PMVP by 2.516, 2.29, 2.06 and 2.02 dB, respectively; and compared to SPR by 0.796, 0.718, 0.643 and 0.631 dB, respectively.
21
Brown, Wendy C., Guy H. Palmer, Kelly A. Brayton, Patrick F. M. Meeus, Anthony F. Barbet, Kimberly A. Kegerreis, and Travis C. McGuire. "CD4+ T Lymphocytes from Anaplasma marginale Major Surface Protein 2 (MSP2) Vaccinees Recognize Naturally Processed Epitopes Conserved in MSP3." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 6 (June 2004): 3688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.6.3688-3692.2004.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Major surface protein 2 (MSP2) and MSP3 of the persistent bovine ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale are immunodominant proteins that undergo antigenic variation. The recently completed sequence of MSP3 revealed blocks of amino acids in the N and C termini that are conserved with MSP2. This study tested the hypothesis that CD4+ T cells specific for MSP2 recognize naturally processed epitopes conserved in MSP3. At least one epitope in the N terminus and two in the C terminus of MSP2 were also processed from MSP3 and presented to CD4+ T lymphocytes from MSP2-immunized cattle. This T-lymphocyte response to conserved and partially conserved epitopes may contribute to the immunodominance of MSP2 and MSP3.
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Lee, Woo-Jin, Keun-Hwa Jung, Keon-Joo Lee, Jeong-Min Kim, Soon-Tae Lee, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee, and Jae-Kyu Roh. "Sonographic findings associated with stenosis progression and vascular complications in moyamoya disease." Journal of Neurosurgery 125, no. 3 (September 2016): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.6.jns15933.
Abstract:
OBJECT The progression of arterial stenosis in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) has variable courses and an unclear mechanism. The authors hypothesized that elevated wall shear stress (WSS) at the terminal internal carotid artery (ICA) and proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) may facilitate MMD progression. They indirectly evaluated the relative magnitude of WSS (WSS value [WSSV]) with MR angiography (MRA) and transcranial Doppler to determine its predictive value for stenosis progression (SP) and the development of vascular complications. METHODS Thirty-one medically treated patients (58 hemispheres and 95 nonoccluded vessels) were analyzed with serial MRA (median follow-up 23 months). The parameters studied were SP, SP rates (SPRs) for individual ICAs/MCAs, and their mean values from the ipsilateral hemispheres as mean SP (MSP) and MSP rates (MSPRs). Significant progression was defined as decrements of ≥ 20% for SP and MSP and ≥ 10%/year for SPR and MSPR. The development of vascular complications in relevant hemispheres was also recorded. The WSSV (dyne/cm2) was defined as the shear rate multiplied by blood viscosity. RESULTS After adjusting the initial stenosis degree and MRA stage of MMD, an SP of ≥ 20% and an SPR of ≥ 10%/year were associated with the highest-quartile WSSVs for all individual vessels and for MCAs and ICAs separately. For each hemisphere, an MSP of ≥ 20% and an MSPR of ≥ 10%/year were associated with the highest-quartile mean WSSVs. Furthermore, significant SP was highly correlated with vascular complications, and the highest-quartile mean WSSV was independently associated with vascular complications in relevant hemispheres. CONCLUSIONS An elevated WSSV is an independent predictor for SP and vascular complications in nonoccluded MMD.
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Pedrinho, Eliamar Aparecida Nascimbém, Renato Fernandes Galdiano Júnior, João Carlos Campanharo, Lúcia Maria Carareto Alves, and Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos. "Identificação e avaliação de rizobactérias isoladas de raízes de milho." Bragantia 69, no. 4 (December 2010): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052010000400017.
Abstract:
Estudos sobre a atividade microbiológica que ocorre na rizosfera de diversos vegetais levaram ao descobrimento de grupos de microrganismos importantes para o desenvolvimento vegetal. Dentre eles estão as rizobactérias que são capazes de colonizar as raízes, estimulando-a diretamente ou beneficiando o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de diversas plantas. Estas bactérias são chamadas Rizobactérias Promotoras de Crescimento em Plantas (RPCP). Este trabalho teve o objetivo de isolar, identificar, testar a capacidade da solubilização de fosfato e a produção de ácido indol acético (AIA) de bactérias que habitam a rizosfera de plantas de milho. A análise parcial do gene 16S rRNA dos 58 isolados possibilitou a identificação dos gêneros, Bacillus, Burkholderia e Azospirillum, sendo os mais frequentes totalizando 68% dos isolados, seguidos de Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Herbaspirillum, Pantoea , Bosea. Desses, 27 apresentaram a capacidade de solubilização do fosfato e 18 foram positivos no teste colorimétrico para detecção de produção do AIA. A partir destes resultados, selecionou-se um organismo pertencente ao gênero Sphingomonas para ser testado em casa de vegetação como promotor de crescimento com as estirpes de Azospirillum brasilense (AbV5 e AbV6). As plantas foram avaliadas quanto à altura aos vinte e setenta dias após a germinação e a massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA)e parte radicular (MSPR) foi quantificada após setenta dias no encerramento do experimento. Os resultados das análises do isolado pertencente ao gênero Sphingomonas foram estatisticamente semelhantes às estirpes AbV5 e AbV6 na planta de milho indicando que este microrganismo possui potencial para ser utilizado como RPCP
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Marwa, Karol J., Eric Lyimo, Eveline T. Konje, Anthony Kapesa, Erasmus Kamugisha, and Göte Swedberg. "Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Proteins Polymorphisms and Treatment Outcomes among Patients with Uncomplicated Malaria in Mwanza, Tanzania." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022 (November 23, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5089143.
Abstract:
Background. The severity of malaria infection depends on the host, parasite and environmental factors. Merozoite surface protein (msp) diversity determines transmission dynamics, P. falciparum immunity evasion, and pathogenesis or virulence. There is limited updated information on P. falciparum msp polymorphisms and their impact on artemether-lumefantrine treatment outcomes in Tanzania. Therefore, this study is aimed at examining msp genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) among P. falciparum malaria patients. The influence of MOI on peripheral parasite clearance and adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) was also assessed. Methods. Parasite DNA was extracted from dried blood spots according to the manufacture’s protocol. Primary and nested PCR were performed. The PCR products for both the block 2 region of msp1 and the block 3 regions of msp2 genes and their specific allelic families were visualized on a 2.5% agarose gel. Results. The majority of the isolates, 58/102 (58.8%) for msp1 and 69/115 (60.1%) for msp2, harboured more than one parasite genotypes. For the msp1 gene, K1 was the predominant allele observed (75.64%), whereas RO33 occurred at the lowest frequency (43.6%). For the msp2 gene, the 3D7 allele was observed at a higher frequency (81.7%) than the FC27 allele (76.9%). The MOIs were 2.44 for msp1 and 2.27 for msp2 ( p = 0.669 ). A significant correlation between age and multiplicity of infection (MOI) for msp1 or MOI for msp2 was not established in this study (rho = 0.074, p = 0.521 and rho = −0.129, p = 0.261 , respectively). Similarly, there was no positive correlation between parasite density at day 1 and MOI for both msp1 (rho = 0.113, p = 0.244 ) and msp2 (rho = 0.043, p = 0.712 ). The association between MOI and ACPR was not observed for either msp1 or mps2 ( p = 0.776 and 0.296, respectively). Conclusions. This study reports high polyclonal infections, MOI and allelic frequencies for both msp1 and msp2. There was a lack of correlation between MOI and ACPR. However, a borderline significant correlation was observed between day 2 parasitaemia and MOI.
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Lin, Ming-Chiao, Hui Ping Tserng, Shih-Ping Ho, and Der-Liang Young. "DEVELOPING A CONSTRUCTION-DURATION MODEL BASED ON A HISTORICAL DATASET FOR BUILDING PROJECT / STATYBŲ PROJEKTO REALIZAVIMO TRUKMĖS MODELIO, PAGRĮSTO ISTORINIAIS DUOMENIMIS, KŪRIMAS." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 17, no. 4 (December 21, 2011): 529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2011.625641.
Abstract:
The delay of vast building projects is still a common problem. This situation is extraordinarily severe to steel reinforced concrete (SRC) building projects that keep going to promote a new structure system in Taiwan's construction industry. The aim of this study is to develop a feasible contract duration model based upon few SRC building cases. A logical approach is employed to select and assure the “good” regression model identified when project characteristics were known and external uncertainties were reasonably estimated. Different necessary diagnostics had been adopted to examine the aptness of the model before inference. The cross-validation is used to validate the appropriateness of the variables selected and magnitudes of the regression coefficients. The mean of the square prediction errors (MSPR) is selected to measure the predictive ability of the model proposed, and the result shows that the predictive ability of the selected regression model could be adequate. Finally, several cases are taken to test the predictive accuracy of the model proposed, and the result shows that the actually necessary construction duration is considerably closed to the duration predicted by the mode. It is concluded that the predictive duration model proposed could be applicable to the SRC construction projects with a reasonable reliability. Santrauka Vėlavimas realizuojant stambius statybų projektus tebėra dažna problema. Ši situacija ypač rimta dirbant su gelžbetoninių statybų projektais, kuriais populiarinama naujų konstrukcijų sistema Taivanio statybų sektoriuje. Šiuo tyrimu siekiama sukurti tinkamą sutarties trukmės modelį, pagrįstą keliais gelžbetoninės statybos atvejais. Atrenkant ir užtikrinant, kad būtų sudarytas ,,geras“ regresijos modelis, kai projekto savybės žinomos, o išoriniai neapibrėžtumai pakankamai įvertinti, taikytas loginis metodas. Prieš darant išvadas modelio tinkamumas buvo išnagrinėtas naudojant skirtingas būtinos diagnostikos priemones. Naudojant kryžminį patikrinimą pagrindžiamas pasirinktų kintamujų tinkamumas ir regresijos koeficientų vertės. Siekiant įvertinti siūlomo modelio tinkamumą prognozuoti, apskaičiuotos vidutinės kvadratinės prognozavimo paklaidos (angl. Mean of the Square Prediction Errors, MSPR). Rezultatas rodo, kad pasirinktasis regresijos modelis prognozuoja gana gerai. Pagaliau pasirinkus kelis atvejus išbandomas siūlomo modelio prognozių tikslumas. Rezultatas rodo, kad faktinė bū tina statybų trukmė gana artima modelio prognozuojamai trukmei. Daroma išvada, kad siūlomą trukmės prognozių modelį galima taikyti gelžbetoninės statybos projektuose, o jo rezultatai bus gana patikimi.
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Ahmed, Ansari Vaqar, and Uday Pandit Khot. "An Efficient Generalized Error Concealment in Video Codec." International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing 10, no. 4 (October 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2020100101.
Abstract:
Efficient error concealment (EC) predictor can recover more significant features or structures of entire lost MBs using a pre-transmission algorithm (PTA) with convolutional neural network (CNN) and fuzzy reasoning to select appropriate EC for reconstruction in generalized video-codec compression scheme such as H.264/H.265, etc. Here, the pixel-based motion vector with partition (PMVP) algorithm is modified by using Mahalanobis distance (MD) rather than Euclidean distance (ED) for better MVs recovery. This modified pixel-based motion vector with partition (MPMVP) algorithm is upgraded by two different strategies: one by using voting priority of available MVs based on the probabilities of similar directions and the second by considering separate horizontal and vertical directions of available MVs in voting priority. Similarly, a modified spiral pixel reconstruction (MSPR) algorithm based on directional edge recovery method using minimum and maximum MD from available pixels of surrounding MBs is proposed. The proposed PTA-based modified ECs gives 20.4%, 3.47%, and 6.66% increase in PSNR.
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Ucci, Sarassunta, Sara Spaziani, Giuseppe Quero, Patrizio Vaiano, Maria Principe, Alberto Micco, Annamaria Sandomenico, Menotti Ruvo, Marco Consales, and Andrea Cusano. "Advanced Lab-on-Fiber Optrodes Assisted by Oriented Antibody Immobilization Strategy." Biosensors 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12111040.
Abstract:
Lab-on-fiber (LoF) optrodes offer several advantages over conventional techniques for point-of-care platforms aimed at real-time and label-free detection of clinically relevant biomarkers. Moreover, the easy integration of LoF platforms in medical needles, catheters, and nano endoscopes offer unique potentials for in vivo biopsies and tumor microenvironment assessment. The main barrier to translating the vision close to reality is the need to further lower the final limit of detection of developed optrodes. For immune-biosensing purposes, the assay sensitivity significantly relies on the capability to correctly immobilize the capture antibody in terms of uniform coverage and correct orientation of the bioreceptor, especially when very low detection limits are requested as in the case of cancer diagnostics. Here, we investigated the possibility to improve the immobilization strategies through the use of hinge carbohydrates by involving homemade antibodies that demonstrated a significantly improved recognition of the antigen with ultra-low detection limits. In order to create an effective pipeline for the improvement of biofunctionalization protocols to be used in connection with LoF platforms, we first optimized the protocol using a microfluidic surface plasmon resonance (mSPR) device and then transferred the optimized strategy onto LoF platforms selected for the final validation. Here, we selected two different LoF platforms: a biolayer interferometry (BLI)-based device (commercially available) and a homemade advanced LoF biosensor based on optical fiber meta-tips (OFMTs). As a clinically relevant scenario, here we focused our attention on a promising serological biomarker, Cripto-1, for its ability to promote tumorigenesis in breast and liver cancer. Currently, Cripto-1 detection relies on laborious and time-consuming immunoassays. The reported results demonstrated that the proposed approach based on oriented antibody immobilization was able to significantly improve Cripto-1 detection with a 10-fold enhancement versus the random approach. More interestingly, by using the oriented antibody immobilization strategy, the OFMTs-based platform was able to reveal Cripto-1 at a concentration of 0.05 nM, exhibiting detection capabilities much higher (by a factor of 250) than those provided by the commercial LoF platform based on BLI and similar to the ones shown by the commercial and well-established bench-top mSPR Biacore 8K system. Therefore, our work opened new avenues into the development of high-sensitivity LoF biosensors for the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers in the sub-ng/mL range.
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Ndiaye, Tolla, Mouhamad Sy, Amy Gaye, and Daouda Ndiaye. "Genetic polymorphism of Merozoite Surface Protein 1 (msp1) and 2 (msp2) genes and multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection across various endemic areas in Senegal." African Health Sciences 19, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 2446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i3.19.
Abstract:
Introduction: Despite a significant decline in Senegal, malaria remains a burden in various parts of the country. Assessment of multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection and genetic diversity of parasites population could help in monitoring of malaria control.Objective: To assess genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection in P. falciparum isolates from three areas in Senegal with different malaria transmissions. Methods: 136 blood samples were collected from patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Pikine, Kedougou and Thies. Polymorphic loci of msp1 and 2 (Merozoite surface protein-1 and 2) genes were amplified by nested PCR.Results: For msp1gene, K1 allelic family was predominant with frequency of 71%. Concerning msp2 gene, IC3D7 allelic family was the most represented with frequency of 83%. Multiclonal isolates found were 36% and 31% for msp1et msp2 genes respectively. The MOI found in all areas was 2.56 and was statistically different between areas (P=0.024). Low to intermediate genetic diversity were found with heterozygosity range (He=0,394-0,637) and low genetic differentiation (Fst msp1= 0.011; Fst msp2= 0.017) were observed between P. falciparum population within the country.Conclusion: Low to moderate genetic diversity of P.falciparum strains and MOI disparities were found in Senegal.Keywords: Senegal, MOI, Genetic diversity, msp1, msp2.
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TAMI, A., H. GRUNDMANN, C. SUTHERLAND, J. S. MCBRIDE, D. R. CAVANAGH, E. CAMPOS, G. SNOUNOU, C. BARNABÉ, M. TIBAYRENC, and D. C. WARHURST. "Restricted genetic and antigenic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum under mesoendemic transmission in the Venezuelan Amazon." Parasitology 124, no. 6 (June 2002): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002001713.
Abstract:
The study of genetic diversity in malaria populations is expected to provide new insights for the deployment of control measures. Plasmodium falciparum diversity in Africa and Asia is thought to reflect endemicity. In comprehensive epidemiological surveys reported here the genetic and antigenic structure of P. falciparum in the Venezuelan Amazon were studied over a 2-year period. DNA polymorphisms in glutamate-rich protein (GLURP), merozoite-surface protein 1 (MSP1) and MSP2 genes, in a multicopy element (PfRRM), all showed low diversity, 1 predominant genotype, and virtually no multi-clonal infections. Moreover, linkage disequilibrium was seen between GLURP, MSP1 and MSP2. Specific antibody responses against MSP1 and MSP2 recombinant antigens reflected the low genetic diversity observed in the parasite population. This is unexpected in a mesoendemic area, and suggests that the low diversity here may not only relate to endemicity but to other influences such as a bottleneck effect. Linkage disequilibrium and a predominant genotype may imply that P. falciparum frequently propagates with an epidemic or clonal population structure in the Venezuelan Amazon.
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Lopez, Job E., William F. Siems, Guy H. Palmer, Kelly A. Brayton, Travis C. McGuire, Junzo Norimine, and Wendy C. Brown. "Identification of Novel Antigenic Proteins in a Complex Anaplasma marginale Outer Membrane Immunogen by Mass Spectrometry and Genomic Mapping." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 12 (December 2005): 8109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.12.8109-8118.2005.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Immunization with purified Anaplasma marginale outer membranes induces complete protection against infection that is associated with CD4+ T-lymphocyte-mediated gamma interferon secretion and immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibody titers. However, knowledge of the composition of the outer membrane immunogen is limited. Recent sequencing and annotation of the A. marginale genome predicts at least 62 outer membrane proteins (OMP), enabling a proteomic and genomic approach for identification of novel OMP by use of IgG serum antibody from outer membrane vaccinates. Outer membrane proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and proteins recognized by total IgG and IgG2 in immune sera of outer membrane-vaccinated cattle were detected by immunoblotting. Immunoreactive protein spots were excised and subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A database search of the A. marginale genome identified 24 antigenic proteins that were predicted to be outer membrane, inner membrane, or membrane-associated proteins. These included the previously characterized surface-exposed outer membrane proteins MSP2, operon associated gene 2 (OpAG2), MSP3, and MSP5 as well as recently identified appendage-associated proteins. Among the 21 newly described antigenic proteins, 14 are annotated in the A. marginale genome and include type IV secretion system proteins, elongation factor Tu, and members of the MSP2 superfamily. The identification of these novel antigenic proteins markedly expands current understanding of the composition of the protective immunogen and provides new candidates for vaccine development.
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Sharbati-Tehrani, Soroush, Joachim Stephan, Gudrun Holland, Bernd Appel, Michael Niederweis, and Astrid Lewin. "Porins limit the intracellular persistence of Mycobacterium smegmatis." Microbiology 151, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 2403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27969-0.
Abstract:
The genus Mycobacterium comprises highly pathogenic as well as opportunistic or apathogenic species exhibiting a great variability with respect to their ability to persist or multiply within monocytic host cells. The impact of the permeability of the mycobacterial outer membrane on intracellular persistence was studied. For this purpose, a Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant with a deletion of the major porin gene mspA and a second mutant lacking mspA and the homologous porin gene mspC were used. Deletion of mspA together with mspC significantly enhanced intracellular persistence in murine bone marrow macrophages, the mouse macrophage cell line J774A.1 and Acanthamoeba castellanii. Complementation of mspA in the porin mutant strains resulted in restoration of the wild-type phenotype with respect to intracellular persistence. This is the first report to show that the deletion of porins of mycobacteria results in improved persistence in eukaryotic cells, demonstrating that the intracellular persistence of M. smegmatis depends upon the permeability of the outer membrane.
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Lagnika, Hamirath O., Adandé A. Medjigbodo, Oswald Y. Djihinto, Helga M. Saïzonou, Wassiyath A. Mousse, Romaric Akoton, Laurette Djossou, Doris N. Vodounkpe, Latifou Lagnika, and Luc S. Djogbénou. "Beninese Plant Extracts with Antiplasmodial Activity Select New Allele Variants Msp1 and Msp2 in Plasmodium falciparum." Journal of Parasitology Research 2024 (March 20, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9980715.
Abstract:
Background. Natural medicinal products are commonly used as a remedy against malaria infections in African populations and have become a major source of information for the screening of new and more effective antiplasmodial molecules. Therefore, in vitro studies are needed to validate the efficacy of these medicinal products and to explore the potential effects of such drugs on the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum. The current study has investigated the impact of some Beninese plant extracts with antiplasmodial activity on the genetic diversity of P. falciparum. Method. Five (5) ethanolic plant extracts (Dissotis rotundifolia, Ehretia cymosa Thonn, Hibiscus surattensis L., Cola millenii K. Shum, and Costus afer Ker Gawl) and a compound extracted from Ehretia cymosa Thonn (encoded CpE2) were tested against asexual stage parasites of a culture-adapted strain of P. falciparum. Subsequently, the P. falciparum Msp1 and Msp2 markers were genotyped, and the number of allelic variants and the multiplicity of infection (MOI) were compared between drug-exposed and unexposed parasites. Results. All plant extracts have shown inhibitory activity against asexual P. falciparum and selected new allelic variants of the Msp1 and Msp2 genes compared to unexposed parasites. The newly selected allelic variants were K1_100bp and RO33_300bp of the Msp1 gene and FC27_150bp, FC27_300bp, FC27_400bp, and FC27_600bp of the Msp2 gene. However, there was no significant difference in MOI between drug-exposed and unexposed parasites. Conclusion. Our study highlights a source for the selection of new Msp1 and Msp2 alleles after exposure to antimalarial drugs. These findings pave the way for further studies investigating the true roles of these newly selected alleles in P. falciparum.
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Singh, Subhash, Soe Soe, Christian Roussilhon, Giampietro Corradin, and Pierre Druilhe. "Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 6 Displays Multiple Targets for Naturally Occurring Antibodies That Mediate Monocyte-Dependent Parasite Killing." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 2 (February 2005): 1235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.2.1235-1238.2005.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Plasmodium falciparum MSP6 is a merozoite surface antigen that shows organization and sequence homologies similar to those of MSP3. Within its C-terminus conserved region, it presents some epitopes that are cross-reactive with MSP3 and others that are not, both being targets of naturally occurring antibodies that block the P. falciparum erythrocytic cycle in cooperation with monocytes.
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Brayton, Kelly A., Patrick F. M. Meeus, Anthony F. Barbet, and Guy H. Palmer. "Simultaneous Variation of the Immunodominant Outer Membrane Proteins, MSP2 and MSP3, during Anaplasma marginale Persistence In Vivo." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 11 (November 2003): 6627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.11.6627-6632.2003.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Vector-borne bacterial pathogens persist in the mammalian host by varying surface antigens to evade the existing immune response. To test whether the model of surface coat switching and immune evasion can be extended to a vector-borne bacterial pathogen with multiple immunodominant surface proteins, we examined Anaplasma marginale, a rickettsia with two highly immunogenic outer membrane proteins, major surface protein 2 (MSP2) and MSP3. The simultaneous clearance of variants of the two most immunodominant surface proteins of A. marginale followed by emergence of unique variants indicates that the switch rates and immune selection for MSP2 and MSP3 are sufficiently similar to explain the cyclic bacteremia observed during infection in the immunocompetent host.
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Wu, Ming-Feng, Qing-Hao Xi, Yan Sheng, Yu-Mei Wang, Wan-Yi Wang, Chang-Feng Chi, and Bin Wang. "Antioxidant Peptides from Monkfish Swim Bladders: Ameliorating NAFLD In Vitro by Suppressing Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress via Regulating AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway." Marine Drugs 21, no. 6 (June 16, 2023): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21060360.
Abstract:
In this study, we investigate the ameliorating functions of QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) from monkfish swim bladders on an FFA-induced NAFLD model of HepG2 cells. The lipid-lowering mechanisms revealed that these five oligopeptides can up-regulate the expression of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) proteins to inhibit the expression of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) proteins on increasing lipid synthesis and up-regulating the expression of the PPAP-α and CPT-1 proteins on promoting the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Moreover, QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) can significantly inhibit reactive oxygen species’ (ROS) production, promote the activities of intracellular antioxidases (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX; and catalase, CAT) and bring down the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) derived from lipid peroxidation. Further investigations revealed that the regulation of these five oligopeptides on oxidative stress was achieved through activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to raise the expression levels of the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein and downstream antioxidant proteases. Therefore, QDYD (MSP2), ARW (MSP8), DDGGK (MSP10), YPAGP (MSP13) and DPAGP (MSP18) could serve as candidate ingredients to develop functional products for treating NAFLD.
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Ahmed Ismail, Hodan, Ulf Ribacke, Linda Reiling, Johan Normark, Tom Egwang, Fred Kironde, James G. Beeson, Mats Wahlgren, and Kristina E. M. Persson. "Acquired Antibodies to Merozoite Antigens in Children from Uganda with Uncomplicated or Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 8 (June 5, 2013): 1170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00156-13.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTMalaria can present itself as an uncomplicated or severe disease. We have here studied the quantity and quality of antibody responses against merozoite antigens, as well as multiplicity of infection (MOI), in children from Uganda. We found higher levels of IgG antibodies toward erythrocyte-binding antigen EBA181, MSP2 ofPlasmodium falciparum3D7 and FC27 (MSP2-3D7/FC27), and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) in patients with uncomplicated malaria by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) but no differences against EBA140, EBA175, MSP1, and reticulocyte-binding protein homologues Rh2 and Rh4 or for IgM against MSP2-3D7/FC27.Patients with uncomplicated malaria were also shown to have higher antibody affinities for AMA1 by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Decreased invasion of two clinicalP. falciparumisolates in the presence of patient plasma correlated with lower initial parasitemia in the patients, in contrast to comparisons of parasitemia to ELISA values or antibody affinities, which did not show any correlations. Analysis of the heterogeneity of the infections revealed a higher MOI in patients with uncomplicated disease, with theP. falciparumK1 MSP1 (MSP1-K1) and MSP2-3D7 being the most discriminative allelic markers. Higher MOIs also correlated positively with higher antibody levels in several of the ELISAs. In conclusion, certain antibody responses and MOIs were associated with differences between uncomplicated and severe malaria. When different assays were combined, some antibodies, like those against AMA1, seemed particularly discriminative. However, only decreased invasion correlated with initial parasitemia in the patient, signaling the importance of functional assays in understanding development of immunity against malaria and in evaluating vaccine candidates.
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Gray, Julian C., Patrick H. Corran, Elena Mangia, Michael W. Gaunt, Qiuxiang Li, Kevin KA Tetteh, Spencer D. Polley, et al. "Profiling the Antibody Immune Response against Blood Stage Malaria Vaccine Candidates." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 1244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2006.081695.
Abstract:
Abstract Background: The complexity and diversity of the antibody immune response to the antigen repertoire of a pathogen has long been appreciated. Although it has been recognized that the detection of antibodies against multiple antigens dramatically improves the clinical sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic assays, the prognostic value of serum reactivity profiles against multiple microbial antigens in protection has not been investigated. Methods: Using malaria as a model we investigated whether antigen reactivity profiles in serum of children with different levels of clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria correlated with protection. We developed a microarray immunoassay of 18 recombinant antigens derived from 4 leading blood-stage vaccine candidates for P. falciparum [merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), MSP2, MSP3, and apical membrane antigen (AMA)-1]. Associations between observed reactivity profiles and clinical status were sought using k-means clustering and phylogenetic networks. Results: The antibody immune response was unexpectedly complex, with different combinations of antigens recognized in different children. Serum reactivity to individual antigens did not correlate with immune status. By contrast, combined recognition of AMA-1 and allelic variants of MSP2 was significantly associated with protection against clinical malaria. This finding was confirmed independently by k-means clustering and phylogenetic networking. Conclusions: The analysis of reactivity profiles provides a wealth of novel information about the immune response against microbial organisms that would pass unnoticed in analysis of reactivity to antigens individually. Extension of this approach to a large fraction of the proteome may expedite the identification of correlates of protection and vaccine development against microbial diseases.
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Demanga, Corine G., Lena-Juliette Daher, Eric Prieur, Catherine Blanc, Jean-Louis Pérignon, Hasnaa Bouharoun-Tayoun, and Pierre Druilhe. "Toward the Rational Design of a Malaria Vaccine Construct Using the MSP3 Family as an Example: Contribution of Antigenicity Studies in Humans." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 1 (November 2, 2009): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01359-08.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein (MSP3) is a main target of protective immunity against malaria that is currently undergoing vaccine development. It was shown recently to belong, together with MSP6, to a new multigene family whose C-terminal regions have a similar organization, contain both homologous and divergent regions, and are highly conserved across isolates. In an attempt to rationally design novel vaccine constructs, we extended the analysis of antigenicity and function of region-specific antibodies, previously performed with MSP3 and MSP6, to the remaining four proteins of the MSP3 family using four recombinant proteins and 24 synthetic peptides. Antibodies to each MSP3 family antigen were found to be highly prevalent among malaria-exposed individuals from the village of Dielmo (Senegal). Each of the 24 peptides was antigenic, defining at least one epitope mimicking that of the native proteins, with a distinct IgG isotype pattern for each, although with an overall predominance of the IgG3 subclass. Human antibodies affinity purified upon each of the 24 peptides exerted an antiparasite antibody-dependent cellular inhibition effect, which in most cases was as strong as that of IgG from protected African adults. The two regions with high homology were found to generate a broad network of cross-reactive antibodies with various avidities. A first multigenic construct was designed using these findings and those from related immunogenicity studies in mice and demonstrated valuable immunological properties. These results indicate that numerous regions from the MSP3 family play a role in protection and provide a rationale for the tailoring of new MSP3-derived malaria vaccines.
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English, Arthur W., Dario I. Carrasco, and Charles G. Widmer. "Torques Produced by Different Compartments of the Rabbit Masseter Muscle." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 15, no. 4 (November 1999): 348–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.15.4.348.
Abstract:
Intramuscular microstimulation was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of 6 different neuromuscular compartments of four adult rabbit masseter muscles. Single compartment stimulation was verified by simultaneous multichannel electromyo-graphic recordings. A multi-axis force-moment sensor was used to measure evoked reaction forces at the mandibular symphysis, and these records were used to determine the magnitude and directions of the torques produced about the ipsilateral temoromandibular joint. The magnitude of the resultant torque vector differed between compartments. The most superficial compartments of the superficial masseter (MSSla, MSSlp) produced the largest torques, and compartments of the superficial masseter lying more caudal, such as MSS3, produced the smallest torques. The rise time of this vector was shortest for the posterior deep masseter (MPPo) compartment and longest for compartment MSSla. The directions of the torque vectors of different compartments varied considerably. Torque vectors of deep compartments such as MPPo, and the pars reflexa of the superficial masseter (MSPR) produced significant yaw torques toward the working masseter but very small lingual roll torques. Torque vectors from superficial compartments such as MSSI contain larger lingual roll components and smaller working yaw components. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that neuromuscular compartments of the rabbit masseter muscle form output elements in the neural control of masticatory movements.
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Ranford-Cartwright, L. C., P. Balfe, R. Carter, and D. Walliker. "Frequency of cross-fertilization in the human malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparum." Parasitology 107, no. 1 (July 1993): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200007935x.
Abstract:
SummaryTwo clones of the human malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparum, denoted 3D7 and HB3, were grownin vitrounder conditions permitting the development of gametocytes. The two clones differ in their allelic forms of two antigen genes MSP1 and MSP2. The alleles can be distinguished as size differences of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified fragments of repetitive regions of each gene. Mosquitoes (Anopheles stephensi) were fed on a mixture of these gametocytes. A total of 128 oocysts was isolated from the midguts of infected mosquitoes from 9 crossing experiments between the clones. DNA extracted from these oocysts was amplified by PCR. Oocysts which contained both alleles of each gene (MSP1 and MSP2) had developed from heterozygotes produced by cross-fertilization events between 3D7 and HB3 gametes. The remaining oocysts contained single alleles of each gene, in parent clone combinations, and these had developed from homozygotes formed by self-fertilizations. The results suggest that gametes in the original mixture fed to mosquitoes had undergone random mating.
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Akoniyon, Olusegun Philip, Moses Akiibinu, Matthew A. Adeleke, Rajendra Maharaj, and Moses Okpeku. "A Comparative Study of Genetic Diversity and Multiplicity of Infection in Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Infections in Selected Regions of Pre-Elimination and High Transmission Settings Using MSP1 and MSP2 Genes." Pathogens 13, no. 2 (February 13, 2024): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13020172.
Abstract:
Background: Understanding the genetic structure of P. falciparum population in different regions is pivotal to malaria elimination. Genetic diversity and the multiplicity of infection are indicators used for measuring malaria endemicity across different transmission settings. Therefore, this study characterized P. falciparum infections from selected areas constituting pre-elimination and high transmission settings in South Africa and Nigeria, respectively. Methods: Parasite genomic DNA was extracted from 129 participants with uncomplicated P. falciparum infections. Isolates were collected from 78 participants in South Africa (southern Africa) and 51 in Nigeria (western Africa). Allelic typing of the msp1 and msp2 genes was carried out using nested PCR. Results: In msp1, the K1 allele (39.7%) was the most common allele among the South African isolates, while the RO33 allele (90.2%) was the most common allele among the Nigerian isolates. In the msp2 gene, FC27 and IC3D7 showed almost the same percentage distribution (44.9% and 43.6%) in the South African isolates, whereas FC27 had the highest percentage distribution (60.8%) in the Nigerian isolates. The msp2 gene showed highly distinctive genotypes, indicating high genetic diversity in the South African isolates, whereas msp1 showed high genetic diversity in the Nigerian isolates. The RO33 allelic family displayed an inverse relationship with participants’ age in the Nigerian isolates. The overall multiplicity of infection (MOI) was significantly higher in Nigeria (2.87) than in South Africa (2.44) (p < 0.000*). In addition, heterozygosity was moderately higher in South Africa (1.46) than in Nigeria (1.13). Conclusions: The high genetic diversity and MOI in P. falciparum that were observed in this study could provide surveillance data, on the basis of which appropriate control strategies should be adopted.
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Nandi, Bisweswar, Jonathan Pastrana Del Valle, Mehmet K. Samur, Allison J. Gibbons, Rao H. Prabhala, Nikhil C. Munshi, and Jason S. Gold. "CCL20 induces colorectal cancer neoplastic epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and further CCL20 production through autocrine HGF-c-Met and MSP-MSPR signaling pathways." Oncotarget 12, no. 24 (November 23, 2021): 2323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28131.
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Conway, D. J., and J. S. McBride. "Population genetics of Plasmodium falciparum within a malaria hyperendemic area." Parasitology 103, no. 1 (August 1991): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000059229.
Abstract:
Serotyping with monoclonal antibodies was used to estimate the number and frequencies of allelic variants of two merozoite surface proteins, MSP1 and MSP2, and an exported protein Exp-1, in a sample of 344 clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from an urban region of The Gambia. Represented among the isolates were 36, 8 and 2 alleles of the MSP1, MSP2 and Exp-1 loci respectively. Relative frequencies of these alleles remained stable in the parasite population over the 2 years of the study. A computer program was used to calculate from the frequencies of individual alleles at the three loci, the probable number of different genotypes in samples from the population, assuming random assortment among the loci. No significant difference was found between the expected and the observed genotype diversity. It is concluded that recombination among unlinked loci is a common consequence of sexual reproduction of P. falciparum in The Gambia. Slightly lower genotype diversity was observed in each of two villages, which may be a consequence of smaller population size compared with the urban region.
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Noormohammadi, A. H., P. F. Markham, M. F. Duffy, K. G. Whithear, and G. F. Browning. "Multigene Families Encoding the Major Hemagglutinins in Phylogenetically Distinct Mycoplasmas." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 3470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.7.3470-3475.1998.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Mycoplasma synoviae has two major membrane antigens, MSPA and MSPB, both of which are phase variable and which may be coordinately involved in adhesion of the organism to erythrocytes. A single gene (vlhA) from M. synoviae was characterized, and polypeptides were expressed from nonoverlapping 5′ and 3′ regions in Escherichia coli. The expression product of the vlhA 5′ region reacted with specific reagents against MSPB, while that of the 3′ region reacted with specific reagents against MSPA. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence showed a characteristic signal peptidase II cleavage site, and the presence of the acylation site was confirmed by identification of a lipid-associated membrane protein, similar in molecular mass to MSPB, in [3H]palmitate-labelled membrane proteins. Further sequence analysis of the vlhA gene revealed a high identity with the Mycoplasma gallisepticum pMGA1.7 gene, a member of a large translated family. The vlhA gene was shown to hybridize to multiple restriction fragments of the M. synoviae genome, suggesting that it was also a member of a multigene family. These findings indicate that coordinate phase variation of the two major surface antigens of M. synoviaeWVU may be due to their expression from the same gene and that homologous gene families encode the major hemagglutinins of two phylogenetically distinct mycoplasmas. The presence of homologous multigene families in such phylogenetically distinct species, but not in the genomes of more closely related species, suggests that the families may have been transferred horizontally.
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Noh, Susan M., Kelly A. Brayton, Donald P. Knowles, Joseph T. Agnes, Michael J. Dark, Wendy C. Brown, Timothy V. Baszler, and Guy H. Palmer. "Differential Expression and Sequence Conservation of the Anaplasma marginale msp2 Gene Superfamily Outer Membrane Proteins." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 6 (June 2006): 3471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01843-05.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Bacterial pathogens in the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia encode a protein superfamily, pfam01617, which includes the predominant outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of each species, major surface protein 2 (MSP2) and MSP3 of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum MSP2 (p44), Ehrlichia chaffeensis p28-OMP, Ehrlichia canis p30, and Ehrlichia ruminantium MAP1, and has been shown to be involved in both antigenic variation within the mammalian host and differential expression between the mammalian and arthropod hosts. Recently, complete sequencing of the A. marginale genome has identified an expanded set of genes, designated omp1-14, encoding new members of this superfamily. Transcriptional analysis indicated that, with the exception of the three smallest open reading frames, omp2, omp3, and omp6, these superfamily genes are transcribed in A. marginale-infected erythrocytes, tick midgut and salivary glands, and the IDE8 tick cell line. OMPs 1, 4, 7 to 9, and 11 were confirmed to be expressed as proteins by A. marginale within infected erythrocytes, with expression being either markedly lower (OMPs 1, 4, and 7 to 9) or absent (OMP11) in infected tick cells, which reflected regulation at the transcript level. Although the pfam01617 superfamily includes the antigenically variable MSP2 and MSP3 surface proteins, analysis of the omp1-14 sequences throughout a cycle of acute and persistent infection in the mammalian host and tick transmission reveals a high degree of conservation, an observation supported by sequence comparisons between the St. Maries strain and Florida strain genomes.
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Pratama, Shera Aditia, Depison Depison, and Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto. "The Relationship Between the Diversity of Growth Hormone Genes and the Body Weight of Sentul Chickens." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 33, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2023.033.03.05.
Abstract:
This study aims to determine the diversity of growth hormone genes in Sentul chickens using PCR-RFLP. This study used 70 samples of Sentul chicken blood (35 males and 35 females). The research methods are Bodyweight and body weight gain data collection, blood collection, DNA extraction, and PCR-RFLP. Polymorphism analysis included genotype and allele frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg balance, and heterozygosity. The difference in the average body weight against the genotype of the GH|Msp1 gene was tested for the average difference (t-test). The average body weight of DOC - 3 months and body weight gain of DOC - 3 months in male Sentul chickens were significantly different (P <0.05) higher than female Sentul chickens. The GH|MspI gene in Sentul chickens is polymorphic. The Sentul chicken population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Heterozygosity in the Sentul chicken population was Ho 0.228, greater than the He value of 0.213. Genotypes (++) and (+-) were significantly different (P<0.05) on body weight and body weight gain of Sentul chickens aged DOC - 3 months. The conclusion of this study, the allele frequency at the GH|MspI Sentul chicken is polymorphic with two genotypes, namely (++) and (+-), and there are two kinds of alleles (+) and (-). Chisquare test results on the GH|mspI Sentul chicken show balance Hardy-Weinberg. Heterozygosity in Sentul chickens showed diversity. The genotype of the GH|Msp1 Sentul chickens with the genotype (++) had higher body weight and body weight gain than those with the (+-) genotype
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Ishikawa, Takehiko, Chihiro Koyama, Hirohisa Oda, Rina Shimonishi, and Tsuyoshi Ito. "(Invited) The Electrostatic Levitation Furnace Onboard the International Space Station for Container-Less Material Processing and Thermophysical Property Measurements at Extremely High Temperature." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 56 (August 28, 2023): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01562721mtgabs.
Abstract:
Electrostatic levitation is one of the container-less processing methods which utilizes Coulomb force between a charged sample and surrounding electrodes. Contrary to the other methods, electrostatic levitation cannot create a potential minimum, so high-speed feedback position control is necessary. Because of this technical difficulty, development of this method was behind to other methods, such as electromagnetic levitation, or acoustic levitation. Samples can be levitated even in ground. However, to levitate samples against gravity, huge electric field and huge surface charge on the sample are required. This creates some limitations in ground experiments. Firstly, Oxides samples are hard to levitate due to low surface charge. Secondly, experiment in inert gas environment is impossible to prevent electric discharge among electrodes. These limitations can be easily solved in microgravity. Oxides sample cane be levitated and melted. Metals and alloys can be processed in inert gas to suppress evaporation. The electrostatic levitation furnace on the International Space Station (ISS-ELF) developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, was launched to the ISS in 2015. Then, Installation to the MSPR (multi-purpose Small Payload Rack) was conducted in the next year. Since then, a variety of oxide/ metal samples have been levitated and melted in the facility. The ISS-ELF has a capability to measure thermophysical property of extremely high temperature melts. Density, Surface tension, and viscosity can be measured by this facility. Status of thermophysical property measurements is described in this presentation.
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Goschnick, M. W., C. G. Black, L. Kedzierski, A. A. Holder, and R. L. Coppel. "Merozoite Surface Protein 4/5 Provides Protection against Lethal Challenge with a Heterologous Malaria Parasite Strain." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 10 (October 2004): 5840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.10.5840-5849.2004.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Immunization with merozoite surface protein 4/5 (MSP4/5), the murine malaria homologue of Plasmodium falciparum MSP4 and MSP5, has been shown to protect mice against challenge by parasites expressing the homologous form of the protein. The gene encoding MSP4/5 was sequenced from a number of Plasmodium yoelii isolates in order to assess the level of polymorphism in the protein. The gene was found to be highly conserved among the 13 P. yoelii isolates sequenced, even though many of the same isolates showed pronounced variability in their MSP119 sequences. Nonsynonymous mutations were detected only for the isolates Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis N67 and Plasmodium yoelii killicki 193L and 194ZZ. Immunization and challenge of BALB/c mice showed that the heterologous MSP4/5 proteins were able to confer a level of protection against lethal Plasmodium yoelii yoelii YM challenge infection similar to that induced by immunization with the homologous MSP4/5 protein. To explore the limits of heterologous protection, mice were immunized with recombinant MSP4/5 protein from Plasmodium berghei ANKA and Plasmodium chabaudi adami DS and challenged with P. y. yoelii YM. Interestingly, significant protection was afforded by P. berghei ANKA MSP4/5, which shows 81% sequence identity with P. y. yoelii YM MSP4/5, but it was abolished upon reduction and alkylation. Significant protection was not observed for mice immunized with recombinant P. c. adami DS MSP4/5, which shows 55.7% sequence identity with P. y. yoelii YM MSP4/5. This study demonstrates the robustness of MSP4/5 in conferring protection against variant forms of the protein in a murine challenge system, in contrast to the situation found for other asexual-stage proteins, such as MSP119 and AMA1.
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Soe, Soe, Michael Theisen, Christian Roussilhon, Khin-Saw Aye, and Pierre Druilhe. "Association between Protection against Clinical Malaria and Antibodies to Merozoite Surface Antigens in an Area of Hyperendemicity in Myanmar: Complementarity between Responses to Merozoite Surface Protein 3 and the 220-Kilodalton Glutamate-Rich Protein." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 1 (January 2004): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.1.247-252.2004.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT We performed a longitudinal clinical and parasitological follow-up study in OoDo, a village in southeast Asia in which malaria is hyperendemic, in order to assess the association between protection against malaria attacks and antibodies to three currently evaluated vaccine candidates, merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), MSP3, and the 220-kDa glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) from Plasmodium falciparum. Our results showed that the levels of cytophilic immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) antibodies against conserved regions of MSP3 and GLURP were significantly correlated with protection against clinical P. falciparum malaria. In contrast, the levels of noncytophilic IgG4 antibodies against GLURP increased with the number of malaria attacks. Furthermore, we observed a complementary effect of the MSP3- and GLURP-specific IgG3 antibodies in relation to malaria protection. In the individuals that did not respond to one of the antigens, a strong response to the other antigen was consistently detected and was associated with protection, suggesting that induction of antibodies against both MSP3 and GLURP could be important for the development of protective immunity. The complementarity of the responses to the two main targets of antibody-dependent cellular inhibition identified to date provides the first rational basis for combining these two antigens in a hybrid vaccine formulation.
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Oliveira, Ricardo Ferreira, Adriano Jakelaitis, Márcia Nara da Silva, Leandro Spíndola Pereira, José Weselli De Sá Andrade, Gustavo Silva de Oliveira, and Gustavo Dorneles de Sousa. "Produção de duas espécies do gênero Talinum em função de doses de composto orgânico." Cultura Agronômica: Revista de Ciências Agronômicas 28, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32929/2446-8355.2019v28n2p227-240.
Abstract:
Espécies do gênero Talinum apresentam folhas com importantes características nutricionais, o que favorece sua utilização para alimentação humana. T. triangulare e T. paniculatum são encontradas em todo Brasil como planta daninha, todavia nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-oeste são comercializadas como hortaliça não convencional. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, mensurar a produção de T. triangulare e T. paniculatum em função de doses de adubação de composto orgânico. Foram testados cinco níveis de adubação (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 t ha-1 de composto orgânico) mais uma testemunha, representada por adubação inorgânica na dose de 600 kg ha-1 da formulação 04-14-08. Após o transplantio das mudas de ambas as espécies em canteiros foram feitas três colheitas, aos 50, 105 e 160 dias e para massa seca das folhas (MSF), de caule (MSC), de estrutura reprodutiva (MSER) e a parte aérea (MSPA) verificaram-se incrementos lineares às doses do adubo orgânico. Após o primeiro corte, as maiores doses de composto orgânico (60, 90, e 120 t ha-1) proporcionaram maior produção de folhas em relação à testemunha de adubação inorgânica. Foram encontradas correlações positivas e altamente significativas entre as variáveis altura de plantas (AP), número de folhas (NF), número de ramos (NR), MSF, MSC, MSER e MSPA. O efeito residual da adubação orgânica favorece a produção de hortaliças folhosas não convencionais.