Journal articles: 'MROSiC'

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Kejnovský, Eduard, Jan Vrána, Sachihiro Matsunaga, Přemysl Souček, Jiří Široký, Jaroslav Doležel, and Boris Vyskot. "Localization of Male-Specifically Expressed MROS Genes of Silene latifolia by PCR on Flow-Sorted Sex Chromosomes and Autosomes." Genetics 158, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 1269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/158.3.1269.

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Abstract The dioecious white campion Silene latifolia (syn. Melandrium album) has heteromorphic sex chromosomes, XX in females and XY in males, that are larger than the autosomes and enable their separation by flow sorting. The group of MROS genes, the first male-specifically expressed genes in dioecious plants, was recently identified in S. latifolia. To localize the MROS genes, we used the flow-sorted X chromosomes and autosomes as a template for PCR with internal primers. Our results indicate that the MROS3 gene is located in at least two copies tandemly arranged on the X chromosome with additional copy(ies) on the autosome(s), while MROS1, MROS2, and MROS4 are exclusively autosomal. The specificity of PCR products was checked by digestion with a restriction enzyme or reamplification using nested primers. Homology search of databases has shown the presence of five MROS3 homologues in A. thaliana, four of them arranged in two tandems, each consisting of two copies. We conclude that MROS3 is a low-copy gene family, connected with the proper pollen development, which is present not only in dioecious but also in other dicot plant species.

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Kandasamy, S., A. Trinchi, W. Wlodarski, E. Comini, and G. Sberveglieri. "Hydrogen and hydrocarbon gas sensing performance of Pt/WO3/SiC MROSiC devices." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 111-112 (November 2005): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.06.066.

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Starosky Filho, Loriberto. "As mudanças que o marco regulatório trouxe para as organizações alternativas." Revista de Gestão e Secretariado 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v11i1.955.

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A consolidação de uma democracia e de um Estado de Direito passa pelo desenvolvimento de uma sociedade civil organizada, com forte atuação e autonomia em relação ao Estado, permitindo a construção de um ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento de organizações da sociedade civil (OSC). O estudo busca identificar quais adaptações as OSCs precisam promover para estarem aderentes ao marco regulatório do terceiro setor (MROSC), e estarem elegíveis a transacionar com o poder público. Sob característica qualitativa, abordagem dedutiva e com emprego de levantamento em fontes secundárias, observou-se que quesitos que não partem da decisão da coletividade da OSC tolhem sua vontade e sua participação na tomada das decisões. Apesar de se verificar aspectos aderentes ao MROSC, o estabelecimento de regras precisa emanar da coletividade. Caso isto ocorra vindo de organismo externo, a OSC que aceitar tal condição, perderá uma de suas características essenciais.

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Raffi, Maria Emanuela. "Anna Opiela-Mrozik, L’art-trésor baudelairien." Studi Francesi, no. 192 (LXIV | III) (December 1, 2020): 685–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.42764.

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de Carvalho Ribeiro, Nicolle, Claudio Augusto Gomes da Camara, João Paulo Ramos de Melo, and Marcílio Martins de Moraes. "Effect of the essential oil from the latex of the fruit Mangifera indica L. on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae)." Acarologia 59, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20194333.

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Tetranychus urticae Koch is a cosmopolitan pest that causes damage to crops in protected farming activities in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. We investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of the essential oil from the latex of the mango fruit [Mangifera indica, Espada and Rosa (MESPA and MROSA) varieties] and selected monoterpenes on T. urticae. The yield of the MROSA oil was higher (9.22 ± 0.15%). The GC/MS analysis of the oils enabled the identification of 26 constituents. Terpinolene (70.14 ± 0.61%) was the major compound identified in the MESPA oil; β-pinene (38.22 ± 0.80%) was the major constituent of the MROSA oil, followed by terpinolene (29.44 ± 0.29%). The mite was more susceptible to the oils and constituents through fumigation, with no difference between the two varieties. By residual contact, the MROSA oil was 2.7-fold more toxic than the MESPA oil. Terpinolene was the most toxic constituent by fumigation, whereas β-pinene and α-pinene were the most active by residual contact. The selected compounds from M. indica also affected the behavior of the mite, exerting an influence on fecundity, feeding preference and egg-laying preference. The positive control (Azamax®) was more efficient at reducing the fecundity of the mite than the oils, but the MROSA oil was more toxic by fumigation and residual contact. The effects of fumigation and residual contact combined with the change in behavior may be a considerable advantage in the integrated management of T. urticae. For the practical use of these oils as novel acaricides, however, further investigations are needed to evaluate the effects on non-target organisms and the cost-benefit ratio for the formulation of a product to be used on protected crops in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

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Garvin, David, Mary Ann E. Orlando, and Alan D. Mighell. "An Appreciation: Mary E. Mrose." Powder Diffraction 18, no. 3 (September 2003): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1613268.

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Mitchell, Theodore, and Howard Olsen. "The Elasticity Of Marketing Return On Investment." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2013): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v11i10.8116.

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This paper demonstrates that the marketing return on investment (MROI) can be inversely related to profits in healthy, high performance firms. In light of this, the authors contend that MROI is a poor metric for evaluating profitable performance, because lower MROI is not always a sign of poor performance and higher MROI is not always a sign of higher performance. However, MROI can be converted into an elasticity of efficiency and used as a diagnostic tool to help marketing managers choose more profitable levels of promotion. MROI in the role of a diagnostic tool has stronger theoretical foundations than in its role as an evaluation metric. The paper presents the elasticity of MROI to changes in marketing expense as a practical tool for marketing managers to improve the profitability of marketing.

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Quaresima, Valentina, Parisa Farzam, Pamela Anderson, Parya Y. Farzam, Daniel Wiese, Stefan A. Carp, Marco Ferrari, and Maria Angela Franceschini. "Diffuse correlation spectroscopy and frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy for measuring microvascular blood flow in dynamically exercising human muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 127, no. 5 (November 1, 2019): 1328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00324.2019.

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In the last 20 yr, near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) has been developed for providing a noninvasive estimate of microvascular blood flow (BF) as a BF index (BFi) in the human skin, muscle, breast, brain, and other tissue types. In this study, we proposed a new motion correction algorithm for DCS-derived BFi able to remove motion artifacts during cycling exercise. We tested this algorithm on DCS data collected during cycling exercise and demonstrated that DCS can be used to quantify muscle BFi during dynamic high-intensity exercise. In addition, we measured tissue regional oxygen metabolic rate (MRO2i) by combining frequency-domain multidistance near-infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS) oximetry with DCS flow measures. Recreationally active subjects ( n = 12; 31 ± 8 yr, 183 ± 4 cm, 79 ± 10 kg) pedaled at 80–100 revolutions/min until volitional fatigue with a work rate increase of 30 W every 4 min. Exercise intensity was normalized in each subject to the cycling power peak (Wpeak). Both rectus femoris BFi and MRO2i increased from 15% up to 75% Wpeak and then plateaued to the end of the exercise. During the recovery at 30 W cycling power, BFi remained almost constant, whereas MRO2i started to decrease. The BFi/MRO2i plateau was associated with the rising of the lactate concentration, indicating the progressive involvement of the anaerobic metabolism. These findings further highlight the utility of DCS and FDNIRS oximetry as effective, reproducible, and noninvasive techniques to assess muscle BFi and MRO2i in real time during a dynamic exercise such as cycling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that diffuse correlation spectroscopy in combination with frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy can monitor human quadriceps microvascular blood flow and oxygen metabolism with high temporal resolution during a cycling exercise. The optically measured parameters confirm the expected relationship between blood flow, muscle oxidative metabolism, and lactate production during exercise.

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Donnini, Thiago. "O investimento social privado e o modelo de acordo de cooperação do MROSC." Artigos GIFE 2, no. 2 (2020): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33816/gife.20200202a2.

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Lamp, Susan. "MROC Study." Plastic Surgical Nursing 32, no. 2 (2012): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/psn.0b013e318253f50b.

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Orwoll, E. "MrOS STUDY." Bone 48 (May 2011): S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.023.

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Ginting, A. R., B. H. O'Connor, and J. G. Dunn. "X-ray powder data for synthetic dolerophanite, copper(II) oxysulphate [Cu2O(SO4)]." Powder Diffraction 9, no. 1 (March 1994): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600019643.

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Bragg–Brentano X-ray powder diffractometry data and refined unit cell parameters are reported for a synthetic sample of dolerophanite, copper (II) oxysulphate [Cu2O(SO4)], prepared by heating AR copper (II) sulphate anhydrate in a muffle furnace at 725 °C. The data are compared with (i) two Debye–Scherrer patterns published by Mrose [Am. Mineral. 6, 146–153 (1961)]—for a synthetic sample and for a natural dolerophanite, the latter being pattern 13–189 in the ICDD Powder Diffraction File and (ii) a Debye–Scherrer pattern for a synthetic dolerophanite described by Borchardt and Daniels [J. Phys. Chem. 61, 917–921 (1957)]. A calculated pattern is also presented for the crystal structure of dolerophanite described by Effenberger [Monatschefte fur Chemie. 116, 927–931 (1985)]. The measured and calculated patterns reported here show reasonable internal consistency for both line positions and intensity data. While the agreement between these results and the data sets of Mrose is sound in terms of line positions, there is substantial disagreement overall between the intensity values given by the authors and those of Mrose. There is closer agreement between the intensities from the current study and those of Borchardt and Daniels.

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Devyanin, P. N. "System administration in MROSL DP-model." Prikladnaya diskretnaya matematika, no. 22 (December 1, 2013): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/20710410/22/3.

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Hawkins, Brian J., Laura A. Solt, Ibrul Chowdhury, Altaf S. Kazi, M. Ruhul Abid, William C. Aird, Michael J. May, J. Kevin Foskett, and Muniswamy Madesh. "G Protein-Coupled Receptor Ca2+-Linked Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Are Essential for Endothelial/Leukocyte Adherence." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 21 (August 27, 2007): 7582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00493-07.

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ABSTRACT Receptor-mediated signaling is commonly associated with multiple functions, including the production of reactive oxygen species. However, whether mitochondrion-derived superoxide (mROS) contributes directly to physiological signaling is controversial. Here we demonstrate a previously unknown mechanism in which physiologic Ca2+-evoked mROS production plays a pivotal role in endothelial cell (EC) activation and leukocyte firm adhesion. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and tyrosine kinase-mediated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake resulted in NADPH oxidase-independent mROS production. However, GPCR-linked mROS production did not alter mitochondrial function or trigger cell death but rather contributed to activation of NF-κΒ and leukocyte adhesion via the EC induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Dismutation of mROS by manganese superoxide dismutase overexpression and a cell-permeative superoxide dismutase mimetic ablated NF-κΒ transcriptional activity and facilitated leukocyte detachment from the endothelium under simulated circulation following GPCR- but not cytokine-induced activation. These results demonstrate that mROS is the downstream effector molecule that translates receptor-mediated Ca2+ signals into proinflammatory signaling and leukocyte/EC firm adhesion.

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Marques, Mónica, Ana Paula Sousa, Artur Paiva, Teresa Almeida-Santos, and João Ramalho-Santos. "Low amounts of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species define human sperm quality." REPRODUCTION 147, no. 6 (June 2014): 817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0644.

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We have applied the mitochondria-specific superoxide fluorescent probe MitoSOX Red (MitoSOX) to detect mitochondria-specific reactive oxygen species (mROS) production in human sperm samples using flow cytometry. We show that human ejaculates are heterogeneous in terms of mROS production, with three subpopulations clearly detectable, comprising sperm that produce increasing amounts of mROS (MitoSOX−, MitoSOX+, and MitoSOX++). The sperm subpopulation producing the lowest amount of mROS represented the most functional subset of male gametes within the ejaculate, as it was correlated with the highest amount of live and non-apoptotic sperm and increased both in samples with better semen parameters and in samples processed by both density-gradient centrifugation and swim-up, both known to select for higher quality sperm. Importantly, the MitoSOX− subpopulation was clearly more prevalent in samples that gave rise to pregnancies following assisted reproduction. Our work, therefore, not only describe discreet human sperm heterogeneity at the mROS level but also suggests that mROS may represent a strategy to both evaluate sperm samples and isolate the most functional gametes for assisted reproduction.Free Portuguese abstractA Portuguese translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/147/6/817/suppl/DC1

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Wang, Xiaona, Hua Qian, Xiaoyuan Huang, Jinjing Li, Jiayan Zhang, Nan Zhu, Hua Chen, et al. "UCP2 Mitigates the Loss of Human Spermatozoa Motility by Promoting mROS Elimination." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 50, no. 3 (2018): 952–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000494479.

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Background/Aims: To demonstrate the function of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in the regulation of human spermatozoa motility. Methods: Semen samples were collected from donors with either normal spermatozoa motility (normospermia [NS]) or poor spermatozoa motility (asthenospermia [AS]). UCP2 protein in spermatozoawas quantified by Western blotting. The level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) was evaluated by MitoSOX Red. The activity of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in spermatozoa was evaluated by a JC-1 assay and the ATP level was monitored by a luciferin-luciferase assay. Results: UCP2 was expressed in both NS and AS groups, with the former exhibiting a higher level than the latter. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that UCP2 is mainly located at the mid-region of human spermatozoa. The inhibition of UCP2 by a highly selective inhibitor, Genipin, results in not only impaired spermatozoa mobility (P<.05) but also an elevated level of mROS (P<.05), suggesting that UCP2 is involved in the maintenance of the spermatozoa mobility, which probably is achieved by promoting mROS elimination. Furthermore, H2O2 treatment of spermatozoa increases the mROS level coupled with the loss of spermatozoa mobility. Unexpectedly, this treatment also has a positive impact on the expression of UCP2 within a certain range of supplemental H2O2, indicating the moderate mROS level possibly serves as a feedback signal to stimulate the expression of UCP2. Finally, the treatment of spermatozoa by an ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC),decreases the level of mROS and increases the curvilinear velocity (VCL) of spermatozoa, but the UCP2 level is not affected. Conclusion: These results suggest an UCP2–mROS–motility regulatory system exists for maintaining spermatozoa mobility in humans. In such a system, UCP2 fulfills its function by promoting mROS elimination, and slightly over-produced mROS in turn serves as a signal to stimulates the expression of UCP2. This regulatory system represents a new potential target for the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals for the treatment of patients with low spermatozoa motility.

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Delierneux, Céline, Sana Kouba, Santhanam Shanmughapriya, Marie Potier-Cartereau, Mohamed Trebak, and Nadine Hempel. "Mitochondrial Calcium Regulation of Redox Signaling in Cancer." Cells 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020432.

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Calcium (Ca2+) uptake into the mitochondria shapes cellular Ca2+ signals and acts as a key effector for ATP generation. In addition, mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mROS), produced as a consequence of ATP synthesis at the electron transport chain (ETC), modulate cellular signaling pathways that contribute to many cellular processes. Cancer cells modulate mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) homeostasis by altering the expression and function of mitochondrial Ca2+ channels and transporters required for the uptake and extrusion of mitochondrial Ca2+. Regulated elevations in [Ca2+]m are required for the activity of several mitochondrial enzymes, and this in turn regulates metabolic flux, mitochondrial ETC function and mROS generation. Alterations in both [Ca2+]m and mROS are hallmarks of many tumors, and elevated mROS is a known driver of pro-tumorigenic redox signaling, resulting in the activation of pathways implicated in cellular proliferation, metabolic alterations and stress-adaptations. In this review, we highlight recent studies that demonstrate the interplay between [Ca2+]m and mROS signaling in cancer.

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Devyanin, P. N., and M. A. Leonova. "The techniques of formalization of OS Astra Linux Special Edition access control model using Event-B formal method for verification using Rodin and ProB." Prikladnaya Diskretnaya Matematika, no. 52 (2021): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/20710410/52/5.

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The paper presents techniques to specification access control model of OS Astra Linux Special Edition (the MROSL DP-model) in the formalized notation (formalized using the Event-B formal method), that are based on the use of several global types, separation of general total functions into specific total functions, reduction in the number of invariants and guard of events, which iterate over subsets of a certain set. The result of using these techniques was the simplification of automated deductive verification of formalized notation using the Rodin tool and adaptation of the model to verification by model checking formalized notation using the ProB tool. These techniques can be useful in development of the MROSL DP-model, and also in development of other access control models and verification using appropriate tools.

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Sousa, Y. M., T. M. D. Fischer, and A. M. A. Vasconcellos. "Os Conselhos Municipais e o Mrosc Enquanto Instrumentos Democratizantes para Transformações Políticas e Desenvolvimento Local." Amazônia, Organizações e Sustentabilidade 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17800/2238-8893/aos.v4n1p93-107.

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Storz, Peter, Heike Döppler, and Alex Toker. "Protein Kinase D Mediates Mitochondrion-to-Nucleus Signaling and Detoxification from Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 19 (October 1, 2005): 8520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.19.8520-8530.2005.

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ABSTRACT Efficient elimination of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) correlates with increased cellular survival and organism life span. Detoxification of mitochondrial ROS is regulated by induction of the nuclear SOD2 gene, which encodes the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). However, the mechanisms by which mitochondrial oxidative stress activates cellular signaling pathways leading to induction of nuclear genes are not known. Here we demonstrate that release of mROS activates a signal relay pathway in which the serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) activates the NF-κB transcription factor, leading to induction of SOD2. Conversely, the FOXO3a transcription factor is dispensable for mROS-induced SOD2 induction. PKD-mediated MnSOD expression promotes increased survival of cells upon release of mROS, suggesting that mitochondrion-to-nucleus signaling is necessary for efficient detoxification mechanisms and cellular viability.

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Stairs, Courtney W., Michelle M. Leger, and Andrew J. Roger. "Diversity and origins of anaerobic metabolism in mitochondria and related organelles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1678 (September 26, 2015): 20140326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0326.

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Across the diversity of life, organisms have evolved different strategies to thrive in hypoxic environments, and microbial eukaryotes (protists) are no exception. Protists that experience hypoxia often possess metabolically distinct mitochondria called mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs). While there are some common metabolic features shared between the MROs of distantly related protists, these organelles have evolved independently multiple times across the breadth of eukaryotic diversity. Until recently, much of our knowledge regarding the metabolic potential of different MROs was limited to studies in parasitic lineages. Over the past decade, deep-sequencing studies of free-living anaerobic protists have revealed novel configurations of metabolic pathways that have been co-opted for life in low oxygen environments. Here, we provide recent examples of anaerobic metabolism in the MROs of free-living protists and their parasitic relatives. Additionally, we outline evolutionary scenarios to explain the origins of these anaerobic pathways in eukaryotes.

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Miyata, Yasuyoshi, Yuta Mukae, Junki Harada, Tsuyoshi Matsuda, Kensuke Mitsunari, Tomohiro Matsuo, Kojiro Ohba, and Hideki Sakai. "Pathological and Pharmacological Roles of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Malignant Neoplasms: Therapies Involving Chemical Compounds, Natural Products, and Photosensitizers." Molecules 25, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 5252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225252.

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Oxidative stress plays an important role in cellular processes. Consequently, oxidative stress also affects etiology, progression, and response to therapeutics in various pathological conditions including malignant tumors. Oxidative stress and associated outcomes are often brought about by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS occurs due to dysregulation of homeostasis in an otherwise strictly controlled physiological condition. In fact, intracellular ROS levels are closely associated with the pathological status and outcome of numerous diseases. Notably, mitochondria are recognized as the critical regulator and primary source of ROS. Damage to mitochondria increases mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production, which leads to an increased level of total intracellular ROS. However, intracellular ROS level may not always reflect mROS levels, as ROS is not only produced by mitochondria but also by other organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Thus, an evaluation of mROS would help us to recognize the biological and pathological characteristics and predictive markers of malignant tumors and develop efficient treatment strategies. In this review, we describe the pathological significance of mROS in malignant neoplasms. In particular, we show the association of mROS-related signaling in the molecular mechanisms of chemically synthesized and natural chemotherapeutic agents and photodynamic therapy.

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Belchamber, Kylie B. R., Richa Singh, Craig M. Batista, Moira K. Whyte, David H. Dockrell, Iain Kilty, Matthew J. Robinson, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha, Peter J. Barnes, and Louise E. Donnelly. "Defective bacterial phagocytosis is associated with dysfunctional mitochondria in COPD macrophages." European Respiratory Journal 54, no. 4 (July 18, 2019): 1802244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02244-2018.

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Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study examined the effect of exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress on macrophage phagocytosis in patients with COPD.Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were generated from non-smoker, smoker and COPD subjects, differentiated in either granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (G-Mφ) or macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-Mφ). Alveolar macrophages were isolated from lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Macrophages were incubated in ±200 µM H2O2 for 24 h, then exposed to fluorescently labelled Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae for 4 h, after which phagocytosis, mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured.Phagocytosis of bacteria was significantly decreased in both G-Mφ and M-Mφ from COPD patients compared with from non-smoker controls. In non-smokers and smokers, bacterial phagocytosis did not alter mROS or ΔΨm; however, in COPD, phagocytosis increased early mROS and decreased ΔΨm in both G-Mφ and M-Mφ. Exogenous oxidative stress reduced phagocytosis in non-smoker and COPD alveolar macrophages and non-smoker MDMs, associated with reduced mROS production.COPD macrophages show defective phagocytosis, which is associated with altered mitochondrial function and an inability to regulate mROS production. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction may restore the phagocytic defect in COPD.

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Janousek, Bohuslav, Sachihiro Matsunaga, Eduard Kejnovsky, Jitka Zluvova, and Boris Vyskot. "DNA methylation analysis of a male reproductive organ specific gene (MROS1) during pollen development." Genome 45, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 930–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-052.

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Pollen grains of angiosperm plants represent a good model system for studies of chromatin structure and remodelling factors, but very little is known about the DNA methylation status of particular genes in pollen. In this study, we present an analysis of the DNA methylation patterns of the MROS1 gene, which is expressed in the late phases of pollen development in Silene latifolia (syn. Meladrium album). The genomic sequencing technique revealed similar DNA methylation patterns in leaves, binucleate pollen, and trinucleate pollen. Extremely high DNA methylation levels occurred in the CG dinucleotides of the upstream region (99%), whereas only a low level of CG methylation was observed in the transcribed sequence (7%). Low levels of methylation were also observed in asymmetric sequences (in both regions; 2% methylated). The results obtained in the MROS1 gene are discussed in consequence with the immunohistochemical data showing a hypermethylation of DNA in the vegetative nucleus.Key words: DNA methylation, genomic sequencing, immunocytology, pollen, Silene latifolia.

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Ernyes, Mihály. "A MROE, a MROSE és a MOR történetéből." Rendvédelem-történeti füzetek = Acta historiae preasidii ordinis 29, no. 58 (2019): 29–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31627/rtf.xxix.2019.58n.29-64p.

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Quealy-Gainer, Kate. "Nobody Knows But You by Anica Mrose Rissi." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 74, no. 1 (2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2020.0613.

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Zündorf, Ilse. "Angiogeneseinhibition in der Onkologie. Von Klaus Mross (Hrsg.)." Pharmazie in unserer Zeit 37, no. 5 (September 2008): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pauz.200890079.

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Holick, Michael F. "MrOs Is D-ficient." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 94, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 1092–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-0388.

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Di Luccia, Blanda, Susan Gilfillan, Marina Cella, Marco Colonna, and Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang. "ILC3s integrate glycolysis and mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species to fulfill activation demands." Journal of Experimental Medicine 216, no. 10 (July 11, 2019): 2231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180549.

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Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are the innate counterparts of Th17 that require the transcription factor RORγt for development and contribute to the defense against pathogens through IL-22 and IL-17 secretion. Proliferation and effector functions of Th17 require a specific mTOR-dependent metabolic program that utilizes high-rate glycolysis, while mitochondrial lipid oxidation and production of reactive oxygen species (mROS) support alternative T reg cell differentiation. Whether ILC3s employ a specific metabolic program is not known. Here, we find that ILC3s rely on mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) for proliferation and production of IL-22 and IL-17A after in vitro activation and Citrobacter rodentium infection. mTORC1 induces activation of HIF1α, which reprograms ILC3 metabolism toward glycolysis and sustained expression of RORγt. However, in contrast to Th17, ILC3 activation requires mROS production; rather than inducing an alternative regulatory fate as it does in CD4 T cells, mROS stabilizes HIF1α and RORγt in ILC3s and thereby promotes their activation. We conclude that ILC3 activation relies on a metabolic program that integrates glycolysis with mROS production.

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Pedram, Ali, Mahnaz Razandi, Douglas C. Wallace, and Ellis R. Levin. "Functional Estrogen Receptors in the Mitochondria of Breast Cancer Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 5 (May 2006): 2125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-11-1013.

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Steroid hormones have been reported to indirectly impact mitochondrial functions, attributed to nuclear receptor-induced production of proteins that localize in this cytoplasmic organelle. Here we show high-affinity estrogen receptors in the mitochondria of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and endothelial cells, compatible with classical estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. We report that in MCF-7, estrogen inhibits UV radiation-induced cytochrome C release, the decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptotic cell death. UV stimulated the formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), and mROS were essential to inducing mitochondrial events of cell death. mROS mediated the UV activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and protein kinase C (PKC) δ, underlying the subsequent translocation of Bax to the mitochondria where oligomerization was promoted. E2 (estradiol) inhibited all these events, directly acting in mitochondria to inhibit mROS by rapidly up-regulating manganese superoxide dismutase activity. We implicate novel functions of ER in the mitochondria of breast cancer that lead to the survival of the tumor cells.

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García, Francisca, Pedro Lobos, Alejandra Ponce, Karla Cataldo, Daniela Meza, Patricio Farías, Carolina Estay, et al. "Astaxanthin Counteracts Excitotoxicity and Reduces the Ensuing Increases in Calcium Levels and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation." Marine Drugs 18, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18060335.

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Astaxanthin (ASX) is a carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant properties. We have reported previously that ASX protects neurons from the noxious effects of amyloid-β peptide oligomers, which promote excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production and induce a sustained increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. These properties make ASX a promising therapeutic agent against pathological conditions that entail oxidative and Ca2+ dysregulation. Here, we studied whether ASX protects neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity, a noxious process which decreases cellular viability, alters gene expression and promotes excessive mROS production. Incubation of the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y with NMDA decreased cellular viability and increased mitochondrial superoxide production; pre-incubation with ASX prevented these effects. Additionally, incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with ASX effectively reduced the basal mROS production and prevented hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. In primary hippocampal neurons, transfected with a genetically encoded cytoplasmic Ca2+ sensor, ASX also prevented the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by NMDA. We suggest that, by preventing the noxious mROS and Ca2+ increases that occur under excitotoxic conditions, ASX could be useful as a therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative pathologies that involve alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and ROS generation.

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Andrade, Carolina S., Anna Paula S. Godoy, Marcos Antonio Gimenes Benega, Ricardo J. E. Andrade, Rafael Cardoso Andrade, Wellington Marcos Silva, Josué Marciano de Oliveira Cremonezzi, et al. "Micro Scalable Graphene Oxide Productions Using Controlled Parameters in Bench Reactor." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081975.

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The detailed study of graphene oxide (GO) synthesis by changing the graphite/oxidizing reagents mass ratios (mG/mROxi), provided GO nanosheets production with good yield, structural quality, and process savings. Three initial samples containing different amounts of graphite (3.0 g, 4.5 g, and 6.0 g) were produced using a bench reactor under strictly controlled conditions to guarantee the process reproducibility. The produced samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray diffraction (XDR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TGA) techniques. The results showed that the major GO product comprised of nanosheets containing between 1–5 layers, with lateral size up to 1.8 µm. Therefore, it was possible to produce different batches of graphene oxide with desirable physicochemical characteristics, keeping the amount of oxidizing reagent unchanged. The use of different proportions (mG/mROxi) is an important strategy that provides to produce GO nanostructures with high structural quality and scale-up, which can be well adapted in medium-sized bench reactor.

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Voineskos, Aristotle N., L. J. O’Donnell, N. J. Lobaugh, D. Markant, M. Niethammer, B. H. Mulsant, B. G. Pollock, J. L. Kennedy, C. F. Westin, and M. E. Shenton. "QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION OF A NOVEL CLUSTERING METHOD USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE DIFFUSION TENSOR TRACTOGRAPHY." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 31, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v31i4.4830.

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Introduction: MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the most powerful and currentlythe only way to visualize the organization of white matter fiber tracts in vivo. As this is a relatively newimaging technique, new tools are developed for quantifying fiber tracts, andrequire evaluation. We examined scalar indices of the diffusion tensor with two different tractography methods. We compared a novel clustering approach with a multiple region of interest (MROI) approach in a healthy and disease (schizophrenia) population. Methods: DTI images were acquired in 12 participants (n=6 patients withschizophrenia: 58 ± 12 years; n=6 controls: 57 ± 21 years) on a 1.5 Tesla GE system with diffusion gradients applied in 23 non-collinear directions, repeated three times. Tractography andfiber tract creation was performed using 3D Slicer software. Interraterreliability of the clustering approach and its similarity to the MROI methodwere evaluated. Results: The clustering approach was reliable both quantitatively and spatially (k > 0.8 for all tracts). There was high spatial(voxel-based) agreement between the clustering and MROI methods. Fractionalan isotropy and trace values were highly correlated between the clustering and MROI methods (p < 0.001 for all tracts). Discussion: Our clustering method has excellent interrater reliability and thereis a high level of agreement between our clustering method and the MROI method, both quantitatively and spatially. The clustering method is less susceptible touser bias. Moreover, not limited by a priori predictions, our clustering method may be a more robust and efficient way to identify and measure fiber tracts of interest. (colour figure available in PDF version)

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Baumert, Mathias, Dominik Linz, Katie Stone, R. Doug McEvoy, Steve Cummings, Susan Redline, Reena Mehra, and Sarah Immanuel. "Mean nocturnal respiratory rate predicts cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older men and women." European Respiratory Journal 54, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 1802175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02175-2018.

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Respiratory frequency (fR) predicts in-hospital and short-term mortality in patients with a variety of pathophysiological conditions, but its predictive value for long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population is unknown. Here, we investigated the relationship between mean nocturnal fR and mortality in community-dwelling older men and women.We measured mean nocturnal fR during sleep from overnight polysomnography in 2686 men participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) Sleep study and 406 women participating in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) to investigate the relationship between mean nocturnal fR and long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.166 (6.1%) men in the MrOS cohort (8.9±2.6 years’ follow-up) and 46 (11.2%) women in the SOF cohort (6.4±1.6 years’ follow-up) died from cardiovascular disease. All-cause mortality was 51.2% and 26.1% during 13.7±3.7 and 6.4±1.6 years’ follow-up in the MrOS Sleep study and the SOF cohorts, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for significant covariates demonstrated that fR dichotomised at 16 breaths·min−1 was independently associated with cardiovascular mortality (MrOS: hazard ratio (HR) 1.57, 95% CI 1.14–2.15; p=0.005; SOF: HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.41–4.76; p=0.002) and all-cause mortality (MrOS: HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.32; p=0.007; SOF: HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.02–2.20; p=0.04).In community-dwelling older men and women, polysomnography-derived mean nocturnal fR ≥16 breaths·min−1 is an independent predictor of long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Whether nocturnal mean fR can be used as a risk marker warrants further prospective studies.

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Yu, Lei, Xiangshan Yang, Xin Li, Lijing Qin, Weiqiang Xu, Hongli Cui, Zhen Jia, Qiang He, and Zhicheng Wang. "Pink1/PARK2/mROS-Dependent Mitophagy Initiates the Sensitization of Cancer Cells to Radiation." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (July 6, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5595652.

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Autophagy plays a double-edged sword for cancer; particularly, mitophagy plays important roles in the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria. However, whether mitophagy is involved in killing effects of tumor cells by ionizing radiation (IR) and its underlying mechanism remain elusive. The purpose is to evaluate the effects of mitochondrial ROS (mROS) on autophagy after IR; furthermore, we hypothesized that KillerRed (KR) targeting mitochondria could induce mROS generation, subsequent mitochondrial depolarization, accumulation of Pink1, and recruitment of PARK2 to promote the mitophagy. Thereby, we would achieve a new strategy to enhance mROS accumulation and clarify the roles and mechanisms of radiosensitization by KR and IR. Our data demonstrated that IR might cause autophagy of both MCF-7 and HeLa cells, which is related to mitochondria and mROS, and the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could reduce the effects. Based on the theory, mitochondrial targeting vector sterile α- and HEAT/armadillo motif-containing protein 1- (Sarm1-) mtKR has been successfully constructed, and we found that ROS levels have significantly increased after light exposure. Furthermore, mitochondrial depolarization of HeLa cells was triggered, such as the decrease of Na+K+ ATPase, Ca2+Mg2+ ATPase, and mitochondrial respiratory complex I and III activities, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) has significantly decreased, and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) protein has significantly increased in the mitochondria. Additionally, HeLa cell proliferation was obviously inhibited, and the cell autophagic rates dramatically increased, which referred to the regulation of the Pink1/PARK2 pathway. These results indicated that mitophagy induced by mROS can initiate the sensitization of cancer cells to IR and might be regulated by the Pink1/PARK2 pathway.

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Fortner, Karen A., Luz P. Blanco, Iwona Buskiewicz, Nick Huang, Pamela C. Gibson, Deborah L. Cook, Hege L. Pedersen, et al. "Targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress with MitoQ reduces NET formation and kidney disease in lupus-prone MRL-lpr mice." Lupus Science & Medicine 7, no. 1 (April 2020): e000387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2020-000387.

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ObjectivesRecent investigations in humans and mouse models with lupus have revealed evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in T cells and neutrophils. This can provoke numerous cellular changes including oxidation of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and even induction of cell death. We have previously observed that in T cells from patients with lupus, the increased mROS is capable of provoking oligomerisation of mitochondrial antiviral stimulator (MAVS) and production of type I interferon (IFN-I). mROS in SLE neutrophils also promotes the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are increased in lupus and implicated in renal damage. As a result, in addition to traditional immunosuppression, more comprehensive treatments for lupus may also include non-immune therapy, such as antioxidants.MethodsLupus-prone MRL-lpr mice were treated from weaning for 11 weeks with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ (200 µM) in drinking water. Mice were then assessed for ROS production in neutrophils, NET formation, MAVS oligomerisation, serum IFN-I, autoantibody production and renal function.ResultsMitoQ-treated mice manifested reduced neutrophil ROS and NET formation, decreased MAVS oligomerisation and serum IFN-I, and reduced immune complex formation in kidneys, despite no change in serum autoantibody .ConclusionsThese findings reveal the potential utility of targeting mROS in addition to traditional immunosuppressive therapy for lupus.

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Mccarthy, B., and D. Macmillan. "The role of the muscle receptor organ in the control of abdominal extension in the crayfish, Cherax destructor." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 2253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.11.2253.

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A platform was lowered from beneath suspended crayfish, Cherax destructor, to evoke slow abdominal extension. The movements were filmed and the length between segments plotted as a function of time. Unlike abdominal flexion, which starts posteriorly and progresses anteriorly, extension occurs at all joints simultaneously. Although the duration of extension varied from trial to trial for an individual, the movement was organised in a stereotyped manner: the abdomen achieved a consistent position for any given proportion of the time for complete extension. We examined the role of the abdominal muscle receptor organs (MROs) in extension by cutting the nerves of selected MROs to abolish their input. The extension movement was measured before and after nerve section for animals with either unloaded or loaded abdomens. Removal of MRO input had no significant effect on extension of the unloaded abdomen. In animals with a loaded abdomen, the extension at joints spanned by sectioned MROs was slowed, whereas that at joints with intact MROs was not. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the MRO is an error detector in a servo-loop controlling abdominal position. The results provide the first demonstration that this load-compensating reflex loop operates during naturally evoked extension of the abdomen under constant load.

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Neves, Ana Paula Cerqueira, and Jorge Alberto Santana de Jesus. "O Marco Regulatório: Análise da Lei N° 13.019/2014 e suas aplicabilidades no terceiro setor por meio do Decreto Municipal N° 405/2017 no âmbito esportivo / The Regulatory Framework: Analysis of Law N°. 13.019 / 2014 and its applicabilities in the third sector by means of Municipal Decree N° 405/2017 in the Sportive Ambit." ID on line REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA 13, no. 45 (May 30, 2019): 1114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v13i45.1812.

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O presente artigo é um estudo bibliográfico que tem como eixo temático o Marco regulatório: análise da Lei 13.019/2014 e suas aplicabilidade no Terceiro Setor, observando o Decreto Municipal n° 405/2017 no âmbito esportivo de Senhor do Bonfim-BA. O estudo teve como relevância analisar as associações jurídicas privadas no âmbito esportivo do município de Senhor do Bonfim -BA, no cenário do Terceiro Setor. Com isso o objetivo deste trabalho foi refletir dentro da Lei Federal n° 13.019/14 sua aplicabilidade na instancia municipal por meio do decreto 405/2017, no âmbito esportivo local. Detalhando em analisar as finalidades do MROSC. Observando os fatores relevantes Lei n° 13.019/2014. E compreendendo a legalidade do decreto 405/2017 no âmbito esportivo municipal. Problematizando sobre qual a importância do terceiro setor para âmbito esportivo do munícipio e quais investimentos que o município traz para o mesmo. Dividindo-o em três partes: Terceiro Setor no Brasil; Lei Federal n° 13.019/2014 e o reflexo do marco regulatório no âmbito esportivo do município de Senhor do Bonfim -BA.

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Gu, Huaxi, Ke Chen, Yintang Yang, Zheng Chen, and Bowen Zhang. "MRONoC: A Low Latency and Energy Efficient on Chip Optical Interconnect Architecture." IEEE Photonics Journal 9, no. 1 (February 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2017.2651586.

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Meffert, Heribert, and Jesko Perrey. "Marketing Return on Investment (MROI)." Marketing Review St. Gallen 25, no. 1 (February 2008): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11621-008-0011-4.

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Multhoff, Gabriela, and Martin Falk. "Meeting report on the international Congress on Hyperthermia in Clinical Oncology, Venice 1998." Cell Stress & Chaperones 4, no. 1 (1999): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1379/1466-1268(1999)004<0054:mrotic>2.3.co;2.

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Jaeger, John M., and Charles A. Nittrouer. "Marine record of surge-induced outburst floods from the Bering Glacier, Alaska." Geology 27, no. 9 (1999): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0847:mrosio>2.3.co;2.

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Kong, Hyewon, Colleen R. Reczek, Gregory S. McElroy, Elizabeth M. Steinert, Tim Wang, David M. Sabatini, and Navdeep S. Chandel. "Metabolic determinants of cellular fitness dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species." Science Advances 6, no. 45 (November 2020): eabb7272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb7272.

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Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mROS) are required for the survival, proliferation, and metastasis of cancer cells. The mechanism by which mitochondrial metabolism regulates mROS levels to support cancer cells is not fully understood. To address this, we conducted a metabolism-focused CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screen and uncovered that loss of genes encoding subunits of mitochondrial complex I was deleterious in the presence of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mito-vitamin E (MVE). Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial complex I in combination with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, MVE or MitoTEMPO, induced a robust integrated stress response (ISR) and markedly diminished cell survival and proliferation in vitro. This was not observed following inhibition of mitochondrial complex III. Administration of MitoTEMPO in combination with the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor phenformin decreased the leukemic burden in a mouse model of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, mitochondrial complex I is a dominant metabolic determinant of mROS-dependent cellular fitness.

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Shahrbabaki, Sobhan Salari, Dominik Linz, Simon Hartmann, Susan Redline, and Mathias Baumert. "Sleep arousal burden is associated with long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in 8001 community-dwelling older men and women." European Heart Journal 42, no. 21 (April 20, 2021): 2088–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab151.

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Abstract Aims To quantify the arousal burden (AB) across large cohort studies and determine its association with long-term cardiovascular (CV) and overall mortality in men and women. Methods and results We measured the AB on overnight polysomnograms of 2782 men in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) Sleep study, 424 women in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) and 2221 men and 2574 women in the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS). During 11.2 ± 2.1 years of follow-up in MrOS, 665 men died, including 236 CV deaths. During 6.4 ± 1.6 years of follow-up in SOF, 105 women died, including 47 CV deaths. During 10.7 ± 3.1 years of follow-up in SHHS, 987 participants died, including 344 CV deaths. In women, multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for common confounders demonstrated that AB is associated with all-cause mortality [SOF: hazard ratio (HR) 1.58 (1.01–2.42), P = 0.038; SHHS-women: HR 1.21 (1.06–1.42), P = 0.012] and CV mortality [SOF: HR 2.17 (1.04–4.50), P = 0.037; SHHS-women: HR 1.60 (1.12–2.28), P = 0.009]. In men, the association between AB and all-cause mortality [MrOS: HR 1.11 (0.94–1.32), P = 0.261; SHHS-men: HR 1.31 (1.06–1.62), P = 0.011] and CV mortality [MrOS: HR 1.35 (1.02–1.79), P = 0.034; SHHS-men: HR 1.24 (0.86–1.79), P = 0.271] was less clear. Conclusions Nocturnal AB is associated with long-term CV and all-cause mortality in women and to a lesser extent in men.

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Devyanin, P. N. "About results of designing hierarchical representation of mrosl DP-model." Prikladnaya diskretnaya matematika. Prilozhenie, no. 9 (December 1, 2016): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/2226308x/9/32.

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Yun, Hyeong Rok, Yong Hwa Jo, Jieun Kim, Yoonhwa Shin, Sung Soo Kim, and Tae Gyu Choi. "Roles of Autophagy in Oxidative Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 3289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093289.

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Autophagy is a catabolic process for unnecessary or dysfunctional cytoplasmic contents by lysosomal degradation pathways. Autophagy is implicated in various biological processes such as programmed cell death, stress responses, elimination of damaged organelles and development. The role of autophagy as a crucial mediator has been clarified and expanded in the pathological response to redox signalling. Autophagy is a major sensor of the redox signalling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that are generated as by-products of cellular metabolism, principally by mitochondria. Mitochondrial ROS (mROS) are beneficial or detrimental to cells depending on their concentration and location. mROS function as redox messengers in intracellular signalling at physiologically low level, whereas excessive production of mROS causes oxidative damage to cellular constituents and thus incurs cell death. Hence, the balance of autophagy-related stress adaptation and cell death is important to comprehend redox signalling-related pathogenesis. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview the basic mechanism and function of autophagy in the context of response to oxidative stress and redox signalling in pathology.

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Kałamarz, Wojciech. "Ks. prof. dr hab. Karol Mrowiec CM (1919–2011) – sylwetka kapłana, muzykologa, kompozytora." Pro Musica Sacra 10 (September 30, 2012): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/pms.342.

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Wilson, Liz. "Virtuous Bodies: The Physical Dimensions of Morality in Buddhist Ethics - By Susanne Mrozik." Religious Studies Review 35, no. 1 (March 2009): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2009.01331_11.x.

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Santos, Herbert J., Yoko Chiba, Takashi Makiuchi, Saki Arakawa, Yoshitaka Murakami, Kentaro Tomii, Kenichiro Imai, and Tomoyoshi Nozaki. "Import of Entamoeba histolytica Mitosomal ATP Sulfurylase Relies on Internal Targeting Sequences." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (August 12, 2020): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081229.

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Mitochondrial matrix proteins synthesized in the cytosol often contain amino (N)-terminal targeting sequences (NTSs), or alternately internal targeting sequences (ITSs), which enable them to be properly translocated to the organelle. Such sequences are also required for proteins targeted to mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) that are present in a few species of anaerobic eukaryotes. Similar to other MROs, the mitosomes of the human intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica are highly degenerate, because a majority of the components involved in various processes occurring in the canonical mitochondria are either missing or modified. As of yet, sulfate activation continues to be the only identified role of the relic mitochondria of Entamoeba. Mitosomes influence the parasitic nature of E. histolytica, as the downstream cytosolic products of sulfate activation have been reported to be essential in proliferation and encystation. Here, we investigated the position of the targeting sequence of one of the mitosomal matrix enzymes involved in the sulfate activation pathway, ATP sulfurylase (AS). We confirmed by immunofluorescence assay and subcellular fractionation that hemagluttinin (HA)-tagged EhAS was targeted to mitosomes. However, its ortholog in the δ-proteobacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris, expressed as DvAS-HA in amoebic trophozoites, indicated cytosolic localization, suggesting a lack of recognizable mitosome targeting sequence in this protein. By expressing chimeric proteins containing swapped sequences between EhAS and DvAS in amoebic cells, we identified the ITSs responsible for mitosome targeting of EhAS. This observation is similar to other parasitic protozoans that harbor MROs, suggesting a convergent feature among various MROs in favoring ITS for the recognition and translocation of targeted proteins.

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Dantas, Sônia R. P. E., and M. Luiza Moretti-Branchini. "Impact of Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens Colonizing the Respiratory Secretions of Patients in an Extended-Care Area of the Emergency Department." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 24, no. 5 (May 2003): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502210.

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AbstractObjective:To determine the incidence of acquired infection, and the incidence, risk factors, and molecular typing of multidrug-resistant bacterial organisms (MROs) colonizing respiratory secretions or the oropharynx of patients in an extended-care area of the emergency department (ED) in a tertiary-care university hospital.Methods:A case-control study was conducted regarding risk factors for colonization with MROs in ED patients from July 1996 to August 1998. The most prevalent MRO strains were determined using plasmid and genomic analysis with PFGE.Results:MROs colonized 59 (25.4%) of 232 ED patients and 173 controls. The mean ED length of stay for the 59 cases was 13.9 days versus 9.8 days for the 173 controls. The mean length of stay prior to the first isolation of MROs was 9.9 days. MRO species included Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rate of hospital-acquired infection was 32.7 per 1,000 ED patient-days. The case fatality rate was significantly higher for cases. Univariate analysis identified mechanical ventilation, nebulization, nasogastric intubation, urinary catheterization, antibiotic therapy, and number of antibiotics as risk factors for MRO colonization. Multivariate regression analysis found that mechanical ventilation and nasogastric intubation independently predicted MRO colonization. Endemic clones were identified by PFGE in ED patients and were also found in patients in other parts of the hospital.Conclusions:Prolonged stay in the ED posed a risk for colonization with MROs and for contracting nosocomial infections, both of which were associated with increased mortality. Patients colonized with antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii may serve as a reservoir for spread in this hospital.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MROSiC'

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