Relevant bibliographies by topics / MRI-only

Academic literature on the topic 'MRI-only'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "MRI-only"

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Beiki-ardakani, Akbar, Marco Carlone, and John Jezioranski. "Line Markers for MRI Only Brachytherapy." Brachytherapy 14 (May 2015): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2015.02.225.

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Owrangi, Amir M., Peter B. Greer, and Carri K. Glide-Hurst. "MRI-only treatment planning: benefits and challenges." Physics in Medicine & Biology 63, no. 5 (February 26, 2018): 05TR01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aaaca4.

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Van den Berg, N., M. Maspero, A. Dinkla, M. Savenije, G. Meijer, P. Seevinck, J. Lagendijk, and B. Raaymakers. "SP-0659: MRI techniques for MR-only simulation." Radiotherapy and Oncology 127 (April 2018): S348—S349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30969-1.

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BRENNAN, MAIRIN. "MRI contrast agent has eyes only for calcium." Chemical & Engineering News 77, no. 8 (February 22, 1999): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v077n008.p036.

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Reynaert, N. "47. MRI-only radiotherapy, benefits and remaining challenges." Physica Medica 32 (December 2016): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.11.099.

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Siegmann-Luz, K., S. Bahrs, H. Preibsch, V. Hattermann, and C. Claussen. "Management of Breast Lesions Detectable Only on MRI." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 186, no. 01 (July 29, 2013): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1335972.

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Doganay, Ozkan, Kundan Thind, Trevor Wade, Alexei Ouriadov, and Giles E. Santyr. "Transmit-only/receive-only radiofrequency coil configuration for hyperpolarized129Xe MRI of rat lungs." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B: Magnetic Resonance Engineering 45, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmr.b.21288.

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Harkenrider, Matthew M., Rakesh Patel, Murat Surucu, Bonnie Chinsky, Michael L. Mysz, Abbie Wood, Kelly Ryan, Steven M. Shea, William Small, and John C. Roeske. "Can MRI-only replace MRI-CT planning with a titanium tandem and ovoid applicator?" Brachytherapy 17, no. 5 (September 2018): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2018.05.010.

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Fateev, K. M., G. V. Tereshchenko, V. N. Belyaev, M. N. Smorodina, and A. V. Nechesnyuk. "Radiation treatment planning based on MRI only: first steps." Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 17, no. 3 (2018): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2018-17-3-60-65.

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Persson, E., C. Gustafsson, J. Nilsson, S. Ceberg, S. Engelholm, S. Bäck, L. E. Olsson, and A. Gunnlaugsson. "EP-2063 Treating prostate cancer with MRI-only radiotherapy." Radiotherapy and Oncology 133 (April 2019): S1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32483-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MRI-only"

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FELISI, MARCO MARIA JACOPO. "Clinical implementation of MRI-only radiotherapy treatment workflow for prostate cancer with a standard linac." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/855304.

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BACKGROUND AND AIM The purpose of this work is the clinical implementation of radiotherapy treatment workflow for prostate cancer based only on MRI images (MRI-only) with a standard linac, using the technological tools available in a big general hospital. In the recent years the growing interest in using solely MRI images, due to the excellent soft tissue contrast that makes it unique, both for identification and precise delineation of target volumes and organs at risk (OAR), emerged strongly. Especially in those regions characterized by soft tissues, as the pelvis site, the method has several benefits, including improvement of inter-observer robustness in target delineation, a reduction in contoured structures which potentially leads to smaller irradiated volumes and a major efficiency of the workflow by both reducing the time and costs of patients imaging and removing residual registration error compared to a CT/MR workflow. However, there are several challenges in the implementation and application of MRI-only workflow; the most important one is the Electron Densities (ED) estimation. In fact, unlike CT images, where the voxels intensities are directly linked to the physical properties of the tissues ED, required by the Treatment Planning System (TPS) for dose calculation, MRI signals do not depend on ED but correlate with tissue proton density and thus cannot be directly used. Therefore, it is mandatory to convert MRI data to ED maps to allow the dose distribution even in this case. These generated maps are known as synthetic CT (sCT). Several aspects of the implementation have been examined in this thesis in order to validate the overall workflow. MATERIAL AND METHODS Imaging acquisition was performed using a 3D T1 VIBE Dixon gradient echo sequence that is a good compromise between image quality and acquisition time; it takes 2 minutes and 30 seconds and provides 4 contrasts (Water, Fat, In-phase and Out-of-phase) useful for the visualization of target and different OARs. The acquisition on the MR scanner was possible thanks to the use of a home-made table-top, commercial MR safe markers and properly controlled internal laser system; furthermore, the geometric distortions in obtained images were evaluated. A hybrid method was adopted to generate sCT from MRI; it consists in a combination of bulk ED and multi atlas-based approach. For this purpose, the MR images of 20 volunteers and patients undergoing diagnostic acquisitions were collected, manually contoured in bones and main OARs, and then inserted, after verification by a radiation oncologist, as reference in the database of ADMIRE software (research version 1.13.5, Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden), utilized for automatic contouring process. The software approximates the anatomy contours by comparing several individual atlases, applying elements of maximum likelihood forms to a new patient image-set, and creates a structure set to fit the actual patient’s anatomy. Therefore, sCTs were finally generated in the TPS by assigning to each structure bulk ED values, calculated averaging over 20 patients who previously underwent prostate radiotherapy. Once the sCT was generated, different evaluations were made using quantitative methods such as dose-volume histogram (DVH) and 2D local gamma analysis, in order to test the dose differences between the sCT and the gold standard CT, both in terms of homogeneous EDs assignment and contours delineated on the MR images. At first, 20 VMAT prostate treatment plans, calculated on standard CT images with 10 MV X-rays, were recalculated using the same field, segments and monitor unit (MU) arrangements on the sCT, where only fixed EDs were assigned instead of the heterogenous ones. Afterwards, the combination between the assignment of an average ED and the different contours in the two imaging modalities was evaluated for 7 patients undergoing both CT and MR acquisitions. The optimized plans, calculated on the CT images, were first copied using the same field, segment and MU arrangements and recalculated on the sCTs, obtained by MRI, and thus were optimized again keeping the same plan constraints as CT-based ones. Finally, the feasibility of patient positioning in the linac room using CBCT-MR matching was verified. For 9 selected images of different fractions and patients, the shifts obtained through CT-CBCT registration were compared to the those resulting from the evaluations of three radiation oncologists, who blindly and manually matched the CBCT images with those from MRI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The MR sequence used for this work was optimized in order to achieve adequate image quality in a reasonable time, reducing the artifacts and minimizing the patient discomfort. Furthermore, the internal laser system of the MRI scanner, used patient positioning, was checked. It was verified that the laser cross, projected from a single point inside the scanner, was centered in the isocenter and not tilted. The mean tilt angle was 0.3°± 0.2° (range 0.2° to 0.4°) in all positions tested, corresponding to difference approximately of 1±0.4 mm at 15-20 cm from the isocenter. In addition, the geometric distortions, evaluated in the absence of the patient less than 2 mm, are minimized by the active shimming system of the scanner. The auto-contouring delineation process performed by ADMIRE (research version 1.13.5, Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) was executed in an average time of approximatively 20 minutes and considered satisfactory by radiation oncologists; further 5 to 10 minutes were needed to better define some contours and to identify the target. Regarding the evaluation made on the same CT images, where only the EDs were changed, the mean deviation of PTV and OARs DVH parameters were approximately 0.5%, except for the rectum were the percentage difference reached higher values (Dmean of 1% and V40 of 2.4%) due to different filling. In addition, further evaluations performed by 2D local γ-analysis resulted in average passing rate from 98.5% to 99.4% in the three views, using an acceptance criterion of 2%-2mm. On the sCT obtained by MR images, despite the mean percentage differences in PTV coverage were limited, below the 1% in the first case and around 0.5% in the second one, the differences for OARs were considerably higher; mean percentage differences for bladder and femoral heads were approximatively -25% and -2% in both the described steps, while Dmean of rectum ranged from +11.5% to +4% and V40 passed from +26% to +8%. Anyhow, this issue is not relevant in the implementation of the workflow, as only MRI acquisitions will be made for planning purposes. Rather, this behaviour is representative of the differences in filling of different OARs, such as rectum and bladder, between two consecutive fractions of the treatment. Moreover, however, the PTV and OARs compliance with the constraints, used in our center, was evaluated for the re-optimized plans: for 7 patients and 8 different parameters, only 1 time over 56 a constraint exceeded the limits. Finally, as far as the matching between CBCT-MR for patient positioning before each treatment fraction, the averaged differences in displacements respect to standard CT-based method, resulted 2.8±1.7 mm, 3.8±1.6 mm and 0.1±1.4 mm for transverse, longitudinal and vertical directions respectively, despite the physiological differences of the rectum and bladder between the two imaging modalities. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that MRI-only workflow for prostate patients seems to be feasible using the clinical optimized method, providing a better contrast in the structures of clinical interest. Therefore, the future goal is to gradually move towards the use of MRI-only in the clinical routine. Meanwhile, the proposed method will be used for special cases, such as patient with metal hip prosthesis.
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Lei, Ye [Verfasser]. "Is It Appropriate to Use Only Magnetic Resonance Imaging/transrectal Ultrasound (MRI/TRUS) Fusion Targeted Biopsy for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients with Positive mpMRI Results? / Ye Lei." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1227771495/34.

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Illerstam, Fredrik. "Quality Assurance of the Spatial Accuracy of Large Field of View Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148815.

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In todays Radiotherapy Treatment Planning, RTP, it is common to use Computed Tomography, CT, together with Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI, where CT provides electron density information and a geometrical reference, and where MRI provides superior soft tissue contrast. To sim- plify the workflow and improve treatment accuracy, research groups have demonstrated how to exclude CT and use a MRI-only approach. In this thesis, a method for spatial distortion analysis, ultimately enabling quality assurance, QA, of the spatial accuracy of MRI, was defined, tested and evaluated. A phantom was built to cover the entire clinical Field Of View, FOV, and 6mm-diameter fluid filled paintball markers were placed in a well-defined geometrical pattern within the phantom, and used as positive contrast. The phantom was imaged with a 3D Fast Gradient Echo sequence and a 3D Fast Spin Echo sequence. The markers were identified in the image data by a MATLAB-algorithm, and the location of the center of mass was calculated for each marker and compared to a theoretical reference. The location error was defined as the spatial distortion - a measurement of the spatial accuracy. Imaging parameters were altered and the effect on the spatial accuracy was analyzed. The spatial distortions were successfully measured within the entire (maximal) clinical FOV. It was shown that high readout bandwidth reduced distortions in the frequency encoding direction. These distortions could thus be attributed to B0-inhomogeneities. It was also determined that increasing the readout bandwidth to the maximum value reduced the maximum distortions in the frequency encoding direction to the same level as the maximum distortions in the other two phase-encoding directions of the 3D acquisitions. The voxel size had a very small effect on the spatial accuracy, enabling large voxelsize to be used when imaging the phantom, to decrease the scan time. The method was deemed capable of serving as a basis for QA of the spatial accuracy of large FOV MRI, which is needed in future MRI-only RTP approaches.
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Adjeiwaah, Mary. "Quality assurance for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in radiotherapy." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för strålningsvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-142603.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizes the magnetic properties of tissues to generate image-forming signals. MRI has exquisite soft-tissue contrast and since tumors are mainly soft-tissues, it offers improved delineation of the target volume and nearby organs at risk. The proposed Magnetic Resonance-only Radiotherapy (MR-only RT) work flow allows for the use of MRI as the sole imaging modality in the radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning of cancer. There are, however, issues with geometric distortions inherent with MR image acquisition processes. These distortions result from imperfections in the main magnetic field, nonlinear gradients, as well as field disturbances introduced by the imaged object. In this thesis, we quantified the effect of system related and patient-induced susceptibility geometric distortions on dose distributions for prostate as well as head and neck cancers. Methods to mitigate these distortions were also studied. In Study I, mean worst system related residual distortions of 3.19, 2.52 and 2.08 mm at bandwidths (BW) of 122, 244 and 488 Hz/pixel up to a radial distance of 25 cm from a 3T PET/MR scanner was measured with a large field of view (FoV) phantom. Subsequently, we estimated maximum shifts of 5.8, 2.9 and 1.5 mm due to patient-induced susceptibility distortions. VMAT-optimized treatment plans initially performed on distorted CT (dCT) images and recalculated on real CT datasets resulted in a dose difference of less than 0.5%.  The magnetic susceptibility differences at tissue-metallic,-air and -bone interfaces result in local B0 magnetic field inhomogeneities. The distortion shifts caused by these field inhomogeneities can be reduced by shimming.  Study II aimed to investigate the use of shimming to improve the homogeneity of local  B0 magnetic field which will be beneficial for radiotherapy applications. A shimming simulation based on spherical harmonics modeling was developed. The spinal cord, an organ at risk is surrounded by bone and in close proximity to the lungs may have high susceptibility differences. In this region, mean pixel shifts caused by local B0 field inhomogeneities were reduced from 3.47±1.22 mm to 1.35±0.44 mm and 0.99±0.30 mm using first and second order shimming respectively. This was for a bandwidth of 122 Hz/pixel and an in-plane voxel size of 1×1 mm2.  Also examined in Study II as in Study I was the dosimetric effect of geometric distortions on 21 Head and Neck cancer treatment plans. The dose difference in D50 at the PTV between distorted CT and real CT plans was less than 1.0%. In conclusion, the effect of MR geometric distortions on dose plans was small. Generally, we found patient-induced susceptibility distortions were larger compared with residual system distortions at all delineated structures except the external contour. This information will be relevant when setting margins for treatment volumes and organs at risk.   The current practice of characterizing MR geometric distortions utilizing spatial accuracy phantoms alone may not be enough for an MR-only radiotherapy workflow. Therefore, measures to mitigate patient-induced susceptibility effects in clinical practice such as patient-specific correction algorithms are needed to complement existing distortion reduction methods such as high acquisition bandwidth and shimming.
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Moreira, Ana Catarina Freire. "Using Magnetic Resonance Images for planning treatments in External Radiotherapy - Validation procedures for planning "MRI-only"." Master's thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/70932.

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Moreira, Ana Catarina Freire. "Using Magnetic Resonance Images for planning treatments in External Radiotherapy - Validation procedures for planning "MRI-only"." Dissertação, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/70932.

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Books on the topic "MRI-only"

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Mullen, Lisa A. MRI-Guided Core Biopsy. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0057.

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MRI-guided breast biopsy techniques were developed to sample indeterminate and suspicious breast lesions visible only on MRI. Breast MRI performed for high-risk screening, problem solving, or assessment of extent of disease in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer may demonstrate indeterminate findings, such as enhancing foci, masses or non-mass enhancement. If the lesion is not visible by mammography or ultrasound, and MRI follow-up is not appropriate, then MRI-guided biopsy is indicated. This chapter, appearing in the section on interventions and surgical changes, reviews the key points and procedural protocols and pitfalls for performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided breast core biopsy. Pre-, peri-, and post-procedure clinical management, radiology–pathology correlation, and imaging follow-up are also reviewed.
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Seligman, Neil S., and Mitchell Chess. Fetal Imaging for the Neurologist. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0005.

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In general, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not associated with maternal or fetal risks and are the imaging techniques of choice for the pregnant patient. Ultrasound is the mainstay of obstetric imaging because it is safe and easily performed. However, MRI is becoming more useful as an adjunct in cases of questionable ultrasound findings or if additional information is needed to plan patient care. MRI lacks the potential risks of ionizing radiation associated with other forms of imaging and, when needed, gadolinium can be used (however, use remains uncommon in current practice). For maternal evaluation in patients with neuromuscular disorders MRI is ideal for imaging. Nevertheless, any imaging (either maternal or fetal) should be used only when needed. Furthermore, if other imaging modalities (CT, MRI with contrast, etc.) are better for assessing the mother’s or fetus’s condition and the information will influence the pregnancy care, these should be utilized.
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Bodart, Olivier, and Steven Laureys. Imaging the central nervous system in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0224.

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Imaging techniques play a major role in managing patients with acute severe neurological signs. Initial evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injuries is best performed with a computed tomography (CT) scan, both for its ability to demonstrate most of the significant lesions and for logistical reasons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to provide more subtle information, as well as prognosis indicators, but is impractical until the patient’s condition has been stabilized. MRI has the same advantages for assessing anoxic brain injuries. In strokes, MRI has become the technique of choice, as it is able to highlight new lesions among older ones, and can identify ischaemic lesions only a few minutes after the event. At the same time MRI can identify or exclude contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis. Subarachnoid haemorrhages are best initially assessed with CT followed by a digital suppression angiogram to identify arterial aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. In spine imaging, CT scan works the best in indicating traumatic bone lesions, while MRI is unsurpassed in examining the spinal cord and ligamentous injuries, and can provide prognostic indicators of the expected functional outcome.
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Pipitone, Nicolo. Imaging of skeletal muscle. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0014.

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Imaging techniques play a key role in the assessment of patients with the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reveal muscle inflammation similarly to muscle scintigraphy and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, but is also able to visualize findings of chronic muscle damage such as muscle atrophy or fat replacement. Ultrasonography has a more limited role because it can only depict the superficial muscle layers. Imaging findings are not specific to IIM, but in the appropriate clinical context they support the diagnosis. MRI is also useful to target biopsy to affected muscles, thus increasing biopsy yield. In addition, because different myopathies present with different patterns of muscle involvement, imaging studies can provide differential diagnostic clues. Finally, imaging studies—especially MRI—can be used to monitor the effects of treatment by serially evaluating changes in muscle inflammation and damage.
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van Gaalen, Floris, Désirée van der Heijde, and Maxime Dougados. Diagnosis and classification of axial spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0003.

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Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a potentially disabling chronic inflammatory disease affecting the spine and sacroiliac (SI) joints. Lead symptoms are chronic back pain and stiffness. The disease is called radiographic axSpA or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) when, on plain radiographs, bone changes consistent with sacroiliitis are present. When no evidence of sacroiliitis is seen on radiographs, it is called non-radiographic axSpA. In such cases, diagnosis is made based on evidence of active inflammation of SI joints on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical and laboratory features, or a combination of clinical and laboratory features only. Apart from affecting the spine and SI joints, axSpA may involve peripheral joints (e.g. knee, ankle) and manifest in extra-articular manifestations, for example uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this chapter, diagnosis and classification of axSpA is discussed, including use of MRI in detecting sacroiliitis and the difference between clinical diagnosis and disease classification.
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Bates, David. Brainstem syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.02409_update_001.

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Case History—A 78 yr old woman presenting with brainstem signs following a seizure.Brainstem syndromes typically cause ipsilateral cranial nerve lesions and contralateral long tract signs. They are commonly due to brainstem ischaemia, but can also be caused by neoplasia, demyelination, infective and hamartomatous lesions. Imaging, ideally with MRI rather than CT, is obligatory and only then—and possibly following other investigations to identify systemic abnormality or cerebrospinal fluid changes—can appropriate therapy be introduced....
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Ilmoniemi, Risto J., and Jari Karhu. TMS and electroencephalography: methods and current advances. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0037.

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Electroencephalography (EEG) combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides detailed real-time information about the state of the cortex. EEG requires only two to four electrodes and can be a part of most TMS studies. When used with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based targeting and conductor modelling, the TMS-EEG combination is a sophisticated brain-mapping tool. This article explains the mechanisms of TMS-evoked EEG. It describes the technique of recording TMS evoked EEG and the possible challenges for the same. Furthermore, it describes possible solutions to these challenges. By varying the TMS intensities, interstimulus intervals, induced current direction, and cortical targets, a rich spectrum of functional information can be obtained. Cortical excitability and connectivity can be studied directly by combining TMS with EEG or other brain-imaging methods, not only in motor, but also nonmotor, areas.
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Butler, Reni S. Architectural Distortion (Radial Scar). Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0030.

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Radial scars are benign lesions of the breast characterized pathologically by a fibroelastic core containing entrapped ducts and lobules that radiate outwards in a stellate pattern. This chapter, highlighting radial scar as a cause of architectural distortion, reviews its imaging features and differential diagnosis on mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, ultrasound, and MRI; its diagnostic workup using multiple modalities; and its histological confirmation with image-guided core needle biopsy. The particular challenge of radial scar presenting as architectural distortion seen only with tomosynthesis is discussed, along with an algorithm for imaging evaluation and biopsy guidance in this setting. As radial scar, which is histologically related to complex sclerosing lesion and radial sclerosing lesion, is considered a high-risk lesion, management recommendations are also reviewed.
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Sheppard, Mary N. Myocardial non-compaction. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, José Luis de la Pompa, David Sedmera, Cristina Basso, and Deborah Henderson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0026.

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Isolated left ventricular non-compaction is a controversial entity which has only been reported in the past 30 years. It is becoming more frequently diagnosed due to the use of echocardiography and MRI. It can present in fetal life, infancy, childhood, and adult life. Clinically, the patient can present with cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac failure, systemic emboli due to thrombosis within the ventricles, and sudden death. It can be a genetic entity associated with mutations in many genes associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. It is a rare entity found at autopsy and is more common in children than adults. In the past the prognosis has been considered worse in children then in adults. Treatment is usually empirical, dealing with the cardiac failure, arrhythmias, and thromboemboli.
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Van Dyk, Jacob. The Modern Technology of Radiation Oncology, Vol 4. Medical Physics Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54947/9781951134020.

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High praise continues to come in for the 4th volume of Jake Van Dyk's The Modern Technology of Radiation Oncology. From Peter Metcalfe in Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine… "Thank goodness medical physics has Jacob Van Dyk. Like Tiger Woods and Phil Mickelson in golf, his textbooks continue to make major comebacks. He has managed to assemble the most talented among us to sustain the up-to-date knowledge that is essential to our profession. Reference knowledge from this textbook will help ensure the medical physics profession is at the cutting edge of cancer research and clinical treatment. This textbook has taken pride of place on my bookshelf, right next to my most treasured Porsche magazines. I could not give it a higher accolade than that." From Rajesh A. Kinhikar in Journal of Medical Physics…"This resourceful book has aimed to serve as a comprehensive textbook for the practicing radiotherapy professionals. I would like to congratulate the authors and the Editor for such a high?quality scientific feast and strongly recommend the fourth volume of The Modern Technology of Radiation Oncologyto the clinical medical physicists and radiation oncology professionals involved with the rapidly evolving radiotherapy." New topics addressed in volume 4 include surface-guided radiation therapy (RT), PET/MRI, real-time MRI guidance, robust optimization, automated treatment planning, artificial intelligence, adaptive RT, machine learning, big data, radiomics, particle therapy RBE, nanoparticle applications, economic considerations, global medical physics activities, global access to RT, and FLASH RT. The volumes in this series have not only been valued by medical physicists and radiation oncologists in clinical practice around the world, but have also provided an important learning resource for residency programs, radiation technologists, dosimetrists, research students, biomedical engineers, and ancillary professionals related with radiotherapy. Administrators and scientists affiliated with the practice of radiation therapy will also find this book a useful resource.
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Book chapters on the topic "MRI-only"

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Burgos, Ninon, Filipa Guerreiro, Jamie McClelland, Simeon Nill, David Dearnaley, Nandita deSouza, Uwe Oelfke, Antje-Christin Knopf, Sébastien Ourselin, and M. Jorge Cardoso. "Joint Segmentation and CT Synthesis for MRI-only Radiotherapy Treatment Planning." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2016, 547–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46723-8_63.

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Zhang, Jiangang, Xiang Pan, and Tianxu Lv. "Unsupervised MRI Images Denoising via Decoupled Expression." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 769–77. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_77.

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AbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely adopted in medical diagnosis. Due to the spatial coding scheme, MRI image is degraded by various noise. Recently, massive methods have been applied to the MRI image denoising. However, they lack the consideration of artifacts in MRI images. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised MRI image denoising method called UEGAN based on decoupled expression. We decouple the content and noise in a noisy image using content encoders and noise encoders. We employ a noising branch to push the noise decoder only extract the noise. The cycle-consistency loss ensures that the content of the denoised results match the original images. To acquire visually realistic generations, we add an adversarial loss on denoised results. Image quality penalty helps to retain rich image details. We perform experiments on unpaired MRI images from Brainweb datesets, and achieve superior performances compared to several popular denoising approaches.
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Li, Lu-Ping, Bradley Hack, Erdmann Seeliger, and Pottumarthi V. Prasad. "MRI Mapping of the Blood Oxygenation Sensitive Parameter T2* in the Kidney: Basic Concept." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 171–85. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_10.

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AbstractThe role of hypoxia in renal disease and injury has long been suggested but much work still remains, especially as it relates to human translation. Invasive pO2 probes are feasible in animal models but not for human use. In addition, they only provide localized measurements. Histological methods can identify hypoxic tissue and provide a spatial distribution, but are invasive and allow only one-time point. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) MRI is a noninvasive method that can monitor relative oxygen availability across the kidney. It is based on the inherent differences in magnetic properties of oxygenated vs. deoxygenated hemoglobin. Presence of deoxyhemoglobin enhances the spin–spin relaxation rate measured using a gradient echo sequence, known as R2* (= 1/T2*). While the key interest of BOLD MRI is in the application to humans, use in preclinical models is necessary primarily to validate the measurement against invasive methods, to better understand physiology and pathophysiology, and to evaluate novel interventions. Application of MRI acquisitions in preclinical settings involves several challenges both in terms of logistics and data acquisition. This section will introduce the concept of BOLD MRI and provide some illustrative applications. The following sections will discuss the technical issues associated with data acquisition and analysis.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Dela Haije, Tom, and Aasa Feragen. "Conceptual Parallels Between Stochastic Geometry and Diffusion-Weighted MRI." In Mathematics and Visualization, 193–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56215-1_9.

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AbstractDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive to ensemble-averaged molecular displacements, which provide valuable information on e.g. structural anisotropy in brain tissue. However, a concrete interpretation of diffusion-weighted MRI data in terms of physiological or structural parameters turns out to be extremely challenging. One of the main reasons for this is the multi-scale nature of the diffusion-weighted signal, as it is sensitive to the microscopic motion of particles averaged over macroscopic volumes. In order to analyze the geometrical patterns that occur in (diffusion-weighted measurements of) biological tissue and many other structures, we may invoke tools from the field of stochastic geometry. Stochastic geometry describes statistical methods and models that apply to random geometrical patterns of which we may only know the distribution. Despite its many uses in geology, astronomy, telecommunications, etc., its application in diffusion-weighted MRI has so far remained limited. In this work we review some fundamental results in the field of diffusion-weighted MRI from a stochastic geometrical perspective, and discuss briefly for which other questions stochastic geometry may prove useful. The observations presented in this paper are partly inspired by the Workshop on Diffusion MRI and Stochastic Geometry held at Sandbjerg Estate (Denmark) in 2019, which aimed to foster communication and collaboration between the two fields of research.
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Starke, Ludger, Karsten Tabelow, Thoralf Niendorf, and Andreas Pohlmann. "Denoising for Improved Parametric MRI of the Kidney: Protocol for Nonlocal Means Filtering." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 565–76. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_34.

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AbstractIn order to tackle the challenges caused by the variability in estimated MRI parameters (e.g., T2* and T2) due to low SNR a number of strategies can be followed. One approach is postprocessing of the acquired data with a filter. The basic idea is that MR images possess a local spatial structure that is characterized by equal, or at least similar, noise-free signal values in vicinities of a location. Then, local averaging of the signal reduces the noise component of the signal. In contrast, nonlocal means filtering defines the weights for averaging not only within the local vicinity, bur it compares the image intensities between all voxels to define “nonlocal” weights. Furthermore, it generally compares not only single-voxel intensities but small spatial patches of the data to better account for extended similar patterns. Here we describe how to use an open source NLM filter tool to denoise 2D MR image series of the kidney used for parametric mapping of the relaxation times T2* and T2.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.
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Dowling, Jason A., and Juha Korhonen. "MR-Only Methodology." In MRI for Radiotherapy, 131–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14442-5_9.

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Nundy, Samiran, Atul Kakar, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. "How to Add Illustrations?" In How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?, 239–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5248-6_23.

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AbstractAdding illustrations to a research paper makes the manuscript more readable and attractive. As compared to text-only adding visual aids like radiological images (X-rays, ultrasounds, CT, PET or MRI scans), pathological material (gross tissues, cytopathology, histopathology) using new medical tools or kits which support your diagnosis improves the comprehension and recall for the reader [1]. Illustration is also an effective way of communication both for the doctor and also for the patient [2].
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Golkov, Vladimir, Jonathan I. Sperl, Marion I. Menzel, Tim Sprenger, Ek Tsoon Tan, Luca Marinelli, Christopher J. Hardy, Axel Haase, and Daniel Cremers. "Joint Super-Resolution Using Only One Anisotropic Low-Resolution Image per q-Space Coordinate." In Computational Diffusion MRI, 181–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11182-7_16.

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Hara, Takayuki, and Masanori Yoshino. "Surgical Simulation with Three-Dimensional Fusion Images in Patients with Arteriovenous Malformation." In Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, 83–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63453-7_12.

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AbstractIn arteriovenous malformation (AVM) surgery, vessel structures should be well evaluated with angiography. However, with conventional angiography, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish each feeder and its feeding territory in the nidus. In this study, we used two software systems to create three-dimensional (3D) fusion images using multiple imaging modalities and evaluated their clinical use. In the AVM patient, data were obtained from 3D rotational angiography, rotational venography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and superimposed into 3D fusion images using imaging software (iPLAN and Avizo). Virtual surgical fields that were quite similar to the real ones were also created with these software programs. Compared with fusion images by iPLAN, those by Avizo have higher resolution and can demarcate not only each feeder but also its supplying territory in the nidus with different colors.In conclusion, 3D fusion images in AVM surgery are helpful for simulation, even though it takes time and requires special skill to create them.
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Jerome, Neil Peter, Anna Caroli, and Alexandra Ljimani. "Renal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) for Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI): Basic Concepts." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 187–204. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_11.

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AbstractThe specialized function of the kidney is reflected in its unique structure, characterized by juxtaposition of disorganized and ordered elements, including renal glomerula, capillaries, and tubules. The key role of the kidney in blood filtration, and changes in filtration rate and blood flow associated with pathological conditions, make it possible to investigate kidney function using the motion of water molecules in renal tissue. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a versatile modality that sensitizes observable signal to water motion, and can inform on the complexity of the tissue microstructure. Several DWI acquisition strategies are available, as are different analysis strategies, and models that attempt to capture not only simple diffusion effects, but also perfusion, compartmentalization, and anisotropy. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of DWI alongside common acquisition schemes and models, and gives an overview of specific DWI applications for animal models of renal disease.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Conference papers on the topic "MRI-only"

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Vasilevska, V., K. Schlaaf, H. Dobrowolny, G. Meyer-Lotz, HG Bernstein, T. Frodl, and J. Steiner. "Support vector machine? – not only for MRI-images." In Abstracts of the 2nd Symposium of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Biologische Psychiatrie (DGBP). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3403050.

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Li, Yafen, Wen Li, Pin He, Jing Xiong, Jun Xia, and Yaoqin Xie. "CT synthesis from MRI images based on deep learning methods for MRI-only radiotherapy." In 2019 International Conference on Medical Imaging Physics and Engineering (ICMIPE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmipe47306.2019.9098190.

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Wang, Wenjun, Vitaliy Zhurbenko, Juan Diego Sanchez-Heredia, and Jan Henrik Ardenkjar-Larsen. "Matching and decoupling networks for receive-only MRI arrays." In 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap48036.2020.9135676.

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Zhang, Bei, Gang Chen, Martijn Cloos, Zidan Yu, Jerzy Walczyk, Christopher Collins, Ryan Brown, Riccardo Lattanzi, Daniel Sodickson, and Graham Wiggins. "29-Channel receive-only dense dipole head array for 7T MRI." In 2017 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2017.8065600.

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Liu, Yingzi, Yang Lei, Tonghe Wang, Jun Zhou, Liyong Lin, Tian Liu, Pretesh Patel, Walter J. Curran, Lei Ren, and Xiaofeng Yang. "Liver synthetic CT generation based on a dense-CycleGAN for MRI-only treatment planning." In Image Processing, edited by Bennett A. Landman and Ivana Išgum. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2549265.

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McClay III, Wilbert, Andy Haas, Paul Thompson, and Arthur Toga. "Amplitude modulated phase only filtering and high-dimensional warping for registration on MRI brain images." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by Khan M. Iftekharuddin and Abdul A. S. Awwal. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.683046.

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Chourak, Hilda, Anais Barateau, Eugenia Mylona, Capucine Cadin, Caroline Lafond, Peter Greer, Jason Dowling, Jean-Claude-Nunes, Renaud de Crevoisier, and Oscar Acosta. "Voxel-Wise Analysis for Spatial Characterisation of Pseudo-CT Errors in MRI-Only Radiotherapy Planning." In 2021 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi48211.2021.9433800.

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Arabi, Hossein, Jason A. Dowling, Ninon Burgos, Xiao Han, Peter B. Greer, Nikolaos Koutsouvelis, and Habib Zaidi. "Comparison of synthetic CT generation algorithms for MRI-only radiation planning in the pelvic region." In 2018 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2018.8824321.

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Yang, Chun, Xueying Huang, Jie Zheng, Pamela K. Woodard, and Dalin Tang. "Quantifying Vessel Material Properties Using MRI Under Pressure Condition and MRI-Based FSI Mechanical Analysis for Human Atherosclerotic Plaques." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13938.

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Atherosclerotic plaques may rupture without warning and cause acute cardiovascular syndromes such as heart attack and stroke. Mechanical image analysis using MRI-based models with fluid-structure interactions (FSI) and MRI-determined material properties may improve the accuracy of plaque vulnerability assessment and rupture predictions. A plaque-phantom was set up to acquire plaque MR images under pressurized conditions. The 3D nonlinear modified Mooney-Rivlin (M-R) model was used to describe the material properties with parameters selected to fit the MRI data. The Navier-Stokes equations were used as the governing equations for the flow model. The fully-coupled FSI models were solved by ADINA. Our results indicate that doubling parameter values in the M-R model led to 12.5% decrease in structure maximum principal stress (Stress-P1) and 48% decrease in maximum principal strain (Strain-P1). Flow maximum shear stress (MSS) was almost unchanged. Results from a modified carotid plaque with 70% stenosis severity (by diameter) showed that Stress-P1 at the plaque throat from the wall-only model is 145% higher than that from the FSI model. MSS from a flow-only model is about 40% higher than that from the FSI model. This approach has the potential to develop non-invasive patient screening and diagnosis methods in clinical applications.
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Shahrbabaki, Amirabbas Naghipour, and Reza Beiranvand. "A New Gradient Driver with only a Single DC Voltage Source For Using In MRI Systems." In 2021 29th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee52715.2021.9544425.

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Reports on the topic "MRI-only"

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Wu, Xin. The efficacy and safety of anti-CD20 antibody treatments in relapsing multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0075.

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Review question / Objective: The objectives of this systematic review were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the three existing anti-CD20 antibodies for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis and to aid clinicians in choosing medications. Eligibility criteria: We set the inclusion criteria as follows: (1) study type: RCT; (2) language restriction: only available in English; (3) participants: patients ≥18 years of age diagnosed with relapsing MS, whether with a relapsing–remitting course or a secondary progressive course; (4) intervention: anti-CD20 antibody treatments including ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, rituximab, and corresponding control including placebo and active treatments; (5) outcomes: clinical outcomes including annualized rate of relapse (ARR), the number of patients free of relapse, and the number of patients with confirmed disease progression (CDP); magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) outcomes including gadolinium-enhancing lesion change in T1, change in the volume of lesions on T2, the number of patients with no new or newly enlarged lesions in T2 and the brain volume change (BVC); safety outcomes including adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Included RCTs were not requested to supply all the outcomes mentioned above. We set the exclusion criteria as follows: (1) study type: retrospective studies, cohort studies, case reviews and case reports; (2) patients diagnosed with primary progressive MS.
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