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1
Camassola, Melissa. "Modelo murino de mucopolissacaridose tipo I (MPSI) : desenvolvimento de vetores virais e estudo de parâmetros fisiopatológicos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13641.
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A mucopolissacaridose tipo I (MPS I) é uma doença lisossomal. A enzima envolvida com essa doença é a a-L-iduronidase (IDUA), e suas alterações levam a depósitos dos glicosaminoglicanos heparan e dermatan sulfato. As características fenotípicas da doença compreendem entre outras características malformações ósseas, hepatoesplenomegalia, problemas cardíacos, opacidade da córnea e retardo mental. O tratamento de MPS I atualmente se baseia em reposição enzimática e transplante de medula óssea. Levando em conta que esses tratamentos ainda não levam a uma correção dos danos ao sistema nervoso central (SNC), há necessidade do desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos para MPS I. Ainda outro problema da MPS I é a falta de estudos sobre os danos fisiológicos resultantes, principalmente no SNC. Visando contribuir com estes pontos, nosso trabalho teve como objetivo (a) o desenvolvimento de três vetores virais para posteriores ensaios pré-clínicos de terapia gênica e (b) o detalhamento da caracterização fisiopatológica de camundongos representando um modelo para MPS I, enfocando alguns aspectos do SNC. Foram produzidos três vetores virais com o cDNA da IDUA humana. O vetor baseado no vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), apesar de baixos títulos virais, foi capaz de aumentar em até 60 vezes a atividade da IDUA nas células transduzidas. Um segundo vetor, baseado no vírus da leucemia murina de Moloney (MoMLV) foi capaz de transduzir células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas de medula óssea do modelo murino de MPS I, sendo assim ótima ferramenta para terapia gênica ex vivo. O terceiro vetor, baseado no vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) mostrou funcionalidade inferior quando comparado aos outros sistemas virais, e deve ser aperfeiçoado para utilização terapêutica. A caracterização do modelo foi feita através do estudo da fosforilação de proteínas de neurofilamentos em diferentes estruturas do cérebro de camundongos MPS I. Os resultados mostraram, além de alterações na fosforilação direta das proteínas analisadas, uma hiperfosforilação na ERK1/2 de córtex e hipocampo. Depósitos de gangliosídeos foram investigados de forma individual no cerebelo, córtex, hipocampo e hipotálamo, sendo detectadas diferenças específicas para cada estrutura. Ainda foram realizados estudos da neurotransmissão glutamatérgica e com isso foi identificada uma diminuição na captação de glutamato em hipocampo e córtex nos camundongos MPS I, além de uma diminuição no binding para glutamato no hipocampo. Como conclusão desses estudos, foram desenvolvidos vetores eficientes para transferência do gene terapêutico e, adicionalmente, os danos fisiológicos causados pela doença no SNC foram melhor elucidados no modelo murino de MPS I. As informações obtidas aqui serão de grande importância principalmente quando associadas a ensaios de terapia gênica, pois as características encontradas no SNC podem ser usadas para acompanhamentos de ensaios préclínicos usando os vetores desenvolvidos no trabalho.Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a monogenic disease resulting from a defect in the gene that encodes the lysosomal hydrolase a-L-iduronidase (IDUA) and characterized by accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan and dermatan sulfate. Phenotypic characteristics involve bone malformations, hepatosplenomegaly, heart problems, corneal opacity and mental retardation. Treatment of MPS I is currently based on enzymatic replacement and bone marrow transplantation. Since these treatments are not capable of correcting central nervous system (CNS) effects of the disease, new therapeutic approaches are needed. One of the problems in the investigation of MPS I is the paucity of studies about resulting physiological consequences, particularly those related to the CNS. Aiming to contribute to these aspects of MPS I, this study proposes (a) the development of three viral vectors to be used in gene therapy preclinical studies, and (b) the further investigation of physiopathological alterations in the CNS of a murine model of MPS I (MPS I mice). Three viral vectors, carrying the human IDUA gene, were produced. The vector based on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was produced in low titers, but induced a 60-fold increase in the baseline activity of IDUA in transduced cells. A second vector, based on the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV), was capable to transduce mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the bone marrow of MPS I mice, representing an interesting tools for ex vivo gene therapy protocols. The third vector, was based on the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), was functionally inferior to the other two systems and needs optimization to be therapeutically useful. The model was characterized by the investigation of phosphorylation patterns of neurofilament proteins in different regions of the brain of MPS I mice. The results showed that, besides alterations in the direct phosphorylation profile of the proteins analyzed, ERK1/2 was hyperphosphorylated in the cortex and hippocampus. Ganglioside storage was individually investigated in the cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and hypothalamus, and specific differences were observed for each structure. An analysis of glutamatergic neurotransmission was also performed. MPS I animals showed a decrease in the glutamate uptake in the cortex and hippocampus. In addition, glutamate binding was decreased in the hippocampus. In conclusion, the present work resulted in the development of efficient viral vectors for the transfer of the therapeutic gene, and CNS physiological damages due to the disease were characterized in the murine model of MPS I. These results will be of great importance particularly when associated to gene therapy trials, since the CNS characteristics described in this work may be used for the follow-up of preclinical assays with the viral vectors developed.
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DE, PONTI GIADA. "Exploring early therapeutic approaches in a Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) mouse model." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/382061.
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In questo progetto di dottorato, sono stati presi in considerazione alcuni punti cruciali relativi alla malattia Mucopolisaccaridosi di tipo I (MPSI) e ai limiti delle attuali terapie, per migliorarle concentrandosi su approcci in epoca neonatale, a livello di combinazione terapeutiche (HSCT e ERT) e di terapia genica, e su riduzione delle tossicità associate ai regimi di condizionamento. Complessivamente, le problematiche più significative riguardo MPSI rimangono la necessità di un intervento precoce e rapido, l’incompleta correzione della malattia in seguito agli attuali approcci terapeutici e gli effetti collaterali dovuti al regime di precondizionamento. La prima parte del progetto si è concentrata sul testare un approccio terapeutico che combinasse i trattamenti canonici per MPSI. È stata testata l'efficacia della combinazione di HSCT ed ERT nel modello murino di MPSI come intervento neonatale, per valutare i benefici aggiuntivi della terapia enzimatica effettuata in modo continuativo a seguito del trapianto di cellule da donatore. Tre opzioni di trattamento sono state confrontate dalla nascita, considerando la mancante attività enzimatica (IDUA), l’accumulo di GAG e di vacuoli nei principali organi viscerali, la risposta nei confronti di IDUA ricombinante e i miglioramenti di tipo scheletrico e cerebrale. Pertanto, un approccio combinato di HSCT ed ERT nel periodo neonatale potrebbe essere applicato per migliorare alcune manifestazioni cliniche di MPSI, soprattutto evitando danni irreversibili. La seconda parte del progetto di dottorato è stata svolta in collaborazione con TIGET-SR e il Prof. Alessandro Aiuti. Si è concentrato sulla sperimentazione di un approccio di terapia genica neonatale in un modello murino di MPSI, considerando l'importanza di correggere precocemente la malattia. In particolare, abbiamo valutato se questo trattamento terapeutico potesse essere applicato nei neonati MPSI e potesse essere una strategia efficace per superare i principali problemi clinici che permangono dopo il trattamento canonico. Abbiamo valutato l'effetto della terapia genica somministrata nei neonati affetti da MPSI, monitorando i valori di IDUA e VCN nel sangue periferico e considerando infine la mancante attività enzimatica (IDUA), l’accumulo di GAG e di vacuoli nei principali organi viscerali, la risposta nei confronti di IDUA ricombinante e i miglioramenti di tipo scheletrico e cerebrale. Contemporaneamente, abbiamo cercato di ridurre gli effetti collaterali causati dal regime di condizionamento nel contesto delle terapie neonatali per MPSI, come progetto parallelo. L’obiettivo principale è stato trasporre l'applicazione di ADC, molecole congiunte di anticorpo-farmaco, capaci di agire specificatamente sulla cellula, come condizionamento per il trattamento neonatale di MPSI, in cui un intervento precoce è fondamentale. Poiché nessuna delle opzioni testate è stata in grado di indurre un sufficiente attecchimento di cellule del donatore da essere rilevante per il trattamento precoce dell'MPSI, ne abbiamo ricercato le cause, dimostrando la necessità di ulteriori studi prima dell'applicazione degli ADC nel modello studiato, in quelli umanizzati e nei cuccioli di MPSI NSG. Analisi preliminari sono state effettuate relativamente all’aumento dei livelli di citochine dopo CD117-SAP nei topi NSG adulti, confrontandoli agli altri regimi di condizionamento, per valutare una possibile applicazione di ADC con farmaci antinfiammatori prima della terapia precoce nei cuccioli MPSI.The present PhD project has taken into account critical issues around Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) and limitations of current therapies to further improve them, by generally focusing on neonatal therapeutic approaches, both in terms of combined HSCT and ERT and of gene therapy, and on trying to reduce the overall toxicities associated with pre-conditioning settings. Overall, the most important open issues regarding this rare life-threatening disorder are the need for a precocious and rapid intervention, the lack of complete disease correction after current therapeutic approaches and side effects due to pre-conditioning regiment. My PhD project partially focused on testing a combined approach of the current standard-of-cares for treating MPSI. HSCT and ERT combination efficacy was tested in a mouse model of MPSI as neonatal intervention, for evaluating additional benefits of continuous enzyme therapy after transplant of donor’s cells. We compared three treatment options starting from MPSI pups’ birth, considering IDUA deficient activity, GAGs storage and vacuoles in visceral organs, the immune response against the recombinant IDUA and skeletal and CNS ameliorations. Therefore, performing a combined approach of HSCT and ERT in the neonatal period could help improving some hard-to-treat MPSI manifestations. The second part of this PhD project was carried out in collaboration with TIGET-SR and Prof. Alessandro Aiuti. It was focused on testing a neonatal gene therapy approach in a mouse model of MPSI, considering the importance of an early phenotype correction. In particular, we evaluated if this early treatment could be applied in MPSI neonates and could be a successful strategy for overcoming the main clinical issues that still remain after current canonical HSCT treatment. We monitored peripheral blood of treated mice for 8 months in terms of enzymatic activity and VCN, and we evaluated the effect of GT performed in MPSI pups at endpoint, considering IDUA deficient activity, vector copies/genome, GAGs storage and vacuoles in visceral organs, the immune response against the recombinant IDUA and skeletal and CNS ameliorations. The last part of this PhD project was centered on trying to reduce the high morbidity and mortality due to the severe conditioning regimen in the context of neonatal MPSI therapies, as a side project. The main objective was to translate the application of hematopoietic cell–specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as conditioning for early MPSI treatment, in which a precocious intervention is crucial. Since none of the tested setting was able to induce enough engraftment of donor’s cells to be relevant for MPSI early treatment, we tried to understand what could interfere, but we demonstrated the need for further studies prior to ADCs application in humanised models and in MPSI NSG pups. Preliminary results on increased cytokines levels after CD117-SAP in adult NSG compared to other conditioning settings were performed to evaluate impairment of inflammation and possible ADC application with anti-inflammatory drugs prior to early therapy in MPSI pups.
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Wu, Yong. "Relaxation Effects in Magnetic Nanoparticle Physics: MPI and MPS Applications." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1370865200.
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Junior, Jose Geraldo Goncalves de Oliveira. "Aspectos da dinâmica de emaranhamento em sistemas multipartidos e o interferômetro Mach-Zehnder com discriminador de que-caminho." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MPSA-8NWLW5.
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We investigate aspects, in various contexts, of entanglement and the wave particle duality. We show that the dynamics of tripartite systems which interact via one excitation exchange leads to a direct connection between entanglement sudden death and the appearance of genuine entanglement. We also show that this is valid (not with the same generality) also for a four partite system in the context of the double JaynesCummings model. Moreover we show that the entanglement dynamics in this case can be completely expressed in geometrical terms. Using the same system we show that by performing adequate Zeno like measurements it is possible to freeze, increase, or even revive the initial entanglement. This intriguing result is also associated to entanglement sudden death. As far as wave particle duality and entanglement are concerned we studied a particle going through an interferometer equipped with a whichway device. We quantified the quality of the probe and exhibit its connection with the availability of the whichway information provided by the probe system. When the probe system information is unaccessible only the particle character will be observed. We obtain limits for a good (quantum regime) and for a bad (classical regime) whichway detector (probe system). We used our results to interpret a recent experiment set up to test the quantumclassical border where the probe covers from the quantum to the classical limit. We showed that the experimental errors influenced the conclusion inferred form the data about having achieved the classical limit. Finally we analyze the Ramsey zones from the point of view of our findings and provide for a transparent physical interpretation. In this case the classical limit of the probe system is reached due to a source plus strong dissipation dynamics, which swaps whichway information to a system containing an infinite number of degrees of freedom, making thus sure that any whichway information becomes unavailable.Nesta tese o emaranhamento e a dualidade ondapartida são os temas principais de estudo. Para examinar alguns dos aspectos e características do emaranhamento, analisamos sistemas de três e quatro partes constituídos por átomos e pelo campo eletromagnético. A interação átomocampo é dada pelo modelo de JaynesCummings. De início mostramos que existe uma ligação direta entre o emaranhamento residual e a morte súbita de emaranhamento quando a interação entre os sistemas é do tipo troca de excitações. Como extensão, estudamos um sistema dinâmico de quatro partes e mostramos que havendo morte súbita haverá um emaranhamento que não pode ser contabilizado apenas via o emaranhamento das bipartições. Estudamos ainda os aspectos geométricos relativos à dinâmica do emaranhamento e mostramos que existe uma manifestação geométrica da morte súbita. Na sequência, neste mesmo modelo de quatro partes, ao intervir na dinâmica com medidas tipo Zeno, mostramos que a dinâmica de emaranhamento é alterada e com isso tornase possível congelar, aumentar e reviver o emaranhamento. Contudo, a possibilidade de aumentar e reviver o emaranhamento está vinculada a existência de MSE em alguma partição. Fizemos ainda uma investigação sobre a dualidade ondapartícula considerando uma partícula quântica que atravessa um interferômetro equipado com um marcador de caminho. Neste trabalho, quantificamos a qualidade da ponta de prova e mostramos sua conexão com a quantidade de informação de quecaminho que ficou disponível. Percebemos que quando a ponta de prova é incapaz de disponibilizar a informação de quecaminho então será um sistema que possui apenas comportamento tipo corpúsculo. Encontramos limites para um bom (regime quântico) ou um mal (regime clássico) discriminador de quecaminho. Aplicamos nossos resultados a um experimento de complementaridade na borda quânticoclássico onde a ponta de prova transita do regime quântico ao clássico. Mostramos que as imperfeições experimentais influem na conclusão tirada acerca do limite clássico. Em seguida, analisamos as zonas de Ramsey onde nossos resultados fornecem uma simples interpretação. Neste caso, o limite clássico da ponta de prova é alcançado mediante a dinâmica fonte+dissipação que varre a informação de quecaminho e a leva para um sistema com infinitos graus de liberdade deixandoa completamente indisponível.
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Kamal, Humaira. "FG-MPI : Fine-Grain MPI." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44668.
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The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is widely used to write sophisticated parallel applications
ranging from cognitive computing to weather predictions and is almost universally
adopted for High Performance Computing (HPC).
Many popular MPI implementations bind MPI processes to OS-processes. This runtime
model has closely matched single or multi-processor compute clusters. Since 2008, however,
clusters of multicore nodes have been the predominant architecture for HPC, with the
opportunity for parallelism inside one compute node. There are a number of popular parallel
programming languages for multicore that use message passing. One notable difference
between MPI and these languages is the granularity of the MPI processes. Processes written
using MPI tend to be coarse-grained and designed to match the number of processes to the
available hardware, rather than the program structure. Binding MPI processes to OS-processes
fails to take full advantage of the finer-grain parallelism available on today's
multicore systems. Our goal was to take advantage of the type of runtime systems used by
fine-grain languages and integrate that into MPI to obtain the best of these programming
models; the ability to have fine-grain parallelism, while maintaining MPI's rich support for
communication inside clusters.
Fine-Grain MPI (FG-MPI) is a system that extends the execution model of MPI to
include interleaved concurrency through integration into the MPI middleware. FG-MPI
is integrated into the MPICH2 middleware, which is an open source, production-quality
implementation of MPI. The FG-MPI runtime uses coroutines to implement light-weight MPI processes that are non-preemptively scheduled by its MPI-aware scheduler. The use of
coroutines enables fast context-switching time and low communication and synchronization
overhead. FG-MPI enables expression of finer-grain function-level parallelism, which allows
for flexible process mapping, scalability, and can lead to better program performance.
We have demonstrated FG-MPI's ability to scale to over a 100 million MPI processes
on a large cluster of 6,480 cores. This is the first time any system has executed such a large
number of MPI processes, and this capability will be useful in exploring scalability issues of
the MPI middleware as systems move towards compute clusters with millions of processor
cores.
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Ramesh, Srinivasan. "MPI Performance Engineering with the MPI Tools Information Interface." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23779.
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The desire for high performance on scalable parallel systems is increasing
the complexity and the need to tune MPI implementations. The MPI Tools
Information Interface (MPI T) introduced in the MPI 3.0 standard provides
an opportunity for performance tools and external software to introspect and
understand MPI runtime behavior at a deeper level to detect scalability issues. The
interface also provides a mechanism to fine-tune the performance of the MPI library
dynamically at runtime.
This thesis describes the motivation, design, and challenges involved in
developing an MPI performance engineering infrastructure using MPI T for two performance toolkits — the TAU Performance System, and Caliper. I validate the design of the infrastructure for TAU by developing optimizations
for production and synthetic applications. I show that the MPI T runtime
introspection mechanism in Caliper enables a meaningful analysis of performance
data.
This thesis includes previously published co-authored material.
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Massetto, Francisco Isidro. "Hybrid MPI - uma implementação MPI para ambientes distribuídos híbridos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-08012008-100937/.
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O crescente desenvolvimento de aplicações de alto desempenho é uma realidade presente nos dias atuais. Entretanto, a diversidade de arquiteturas de máquinas, incluindo monoprocessadores e multiprocessadores, clusters com ou sem máquina front-end, variedade de sistemas operacionais e implementações da biblioteca MPI tem aumentado cada dia mais. Tendo em vista este cenário, bibliotecas que proporcionem a integração de diversas implementações MPI, sistemas operacionais e arquiteturas de máquinas são necessárias. Esta tese apresenta o HyMPI, uma implementação da biblioteca MPI voltada para integração, em um mesmo ambiente distribuído de alto desempenho, nós com diferentes arquiteturas, clusters com ou sem máquina front-end, sistemas operacionais e implementações MPI. HyMPI oferece um conjunto de primitivas compatíveis com a especificação MPI, incluindo comunicação ponto a ponto, operações coletivas, inicio e termino, além de outras primitivas utilitárias.The increasing develpment of high performance applications is a reality on current days. However, the diversity of computer architectures, including mono and multiprocessor machines, clusters with or without front-end node, the variety of operating systems and MPI implementations has growth increasingly. Focused on this scenario, programming libraries that allows integration of several MPI implementations, operating systems and computer architectures are needed. This thesis introduces HyMPI, a MPI implementation aiming integratino, on a distributed high performance system nodes with different architectures, clusters with or without front-end machine, operating systems and MPI implementations. HyMPI offers a set of primitives based on MPI specification, including point-to-point communication, collective operations, startup and finalization and some other utility functions.
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Johansson, Björn, Bahaa Alashi, and Mikael Ekström. "MPS i molnet." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23685.
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Husni, Emir Mauludi. "Robust Reed Solomon coded MPSK modulation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844198/.
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Much work has been done on design of efficient coded modulation schemes since the publication of [Ungerboeck, 1982] for trellis coded modulation and [Imai & Hirakawa, 1977] for block coded modulation. Recently, increasing interest in digital mobile radio and indoor wireless systems has led to the consideration of coded modulation designs for combating fading channels. In this research, it is intended to present results of an investigation of the construction of Reed Solomon coded MPSK modulation which is robust for the Gaussian channel and a Rayleigh fading channel. Two approaches have been applied to Reed Solomon coded modulation. First, a Reed Solomon code was combined with MPSK signal set using Gray code mapping; this was called Reed Solomon coded modulation not based on set partitioning. This approach was the baseline scheme which would be compared with the proposed approach, namely Reed Solomon coded modulation based on set partitioning. The second approach to coded MPSK with M = 2m was multilevel Reed Solomon coding. In this case, each of the m bits defining an MPSK symbol was coded and decoded by different Reed Solomon codecs. The set partitioning principle was applied to define subsets with distances Deltai,-, (i = 1 to m) that were nondecreasing with i. Each of the m bits defined a subset and was decoded in multistage decoding schemes. The novel idea here was that in the receiver, we used a rotated 2m+1-PSK detector if the transmitter used a 2m-PSK modulator. The designs of Reed Solomon coded modulation schemes for the Gaussian channel and a Rayleigh fading channel (i.e. choice of the code configurations which were suitable for this channel) have been studied. The performance of Reed Solomon coded modulation based on set partitioning was compared with Reed Solomon coded modulation not based on set-partitioning, then with multilevel Reed Solomon coded modulation using Gray mapping and finally with coded modulation schemes using binary codes, Reed Muller codes. It has been shown that over the Gaussian channel and a Rayleigh fading channel, Reed Solomon coded modulation based on set partitioning is better than several alternatives, such as schemes not based on set partitioning, multistage Reed Solomon coded modulation based on Gray mapping and Reed Muller coded modulation. It was found that good codes for a Rayleigh fading channel have configurations in which all component codes have the same minimum Hamming distance because the fading phase is uniformly distributed random process. Therefore, by matching configurations of component codes with the channel characteristics, it was shown that Reed Solomon coded modulation based on set partitioning was robust for the Gaussian and a Rayleigh fading channel. Reed Solomon coded modulation schemes were applied to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions. The main disadvantage of OFDM systems is that they have high Peak-to-Mean Envelope Power Ratio (PMEPR). A scheme for reducing the PMEPR of OFDM systems was investigated. Multiphase complementary code pairs of length 2 are proposed to reduce the PMEPR of MPSK and QAM OFDM. Concatenated codes with Reed Solomon coded modulation as an inner code and an RS(511, 443) code as an outer code are proposed as coding schemes for OFDM systems.
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Subotic, Vladimir. "Evaluating techniques for parallelization tuning in MPI, OmpSs and MPI/OmpSs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129573.
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Parallel programming is used to partition a computational problem among multiple processing units and to define how they interact (communicate and synchronize) in order to guarantee the correct result. The performance that is achieved when executing the parallel program on a parallel architecture is usually far from the optimal: computation unbalance and excessive interaction among processing units often cause lost cycles, reducing the efficiency of parallel computation.
In this thesis we propose techniques oriented to better exploit parallelism in parallel applications, with emphasis in techniques that increase asynchronism. Theoretically, this type of parallelization tuning promises multiple benefits. First, it should mitigate communication and synchronization delays, thus increasing the overall performance. Furthermore, parallelization tuning should expose additional parallelism and therefore increase the scalability of execution. Finally, increased asynchronism would provide higher tolerance to slower networks and external noise.
In the first part of this thesis, we study the potential for tuning MPI parallelism. More specifically, we explore automatic techniques to overlap communication and computation. We propose a speculative messaging technique that increases the overlap and requires no changes of the original MPI application. Our technique automatically identifies the application’s MPI activity and reinterprets that activity using optimally placed non-blocking MPI requests. We demonstrate that this overlapping technique increases the asynchronism of MPI messages, maximizing the overlap, and consequently leading to execution speedup and higher tolerance to bandwidth reduction. However, in the case of realistic scientific workloads, we show that the overlapping potential is significantly limited by the pattern by which each MPI process locally operates on MPI messages.
In the second part of this thesis, we study the potential for tuning hybrid MPI/OmpSs parallelism. We try to gain a better understanding of the parallelism of hybrid MPI/OmpSs applications in order to evaluate how these applications would execute on future machines and to predict the execution bottlenecks that are likely to emerge. We explore how MPI/OmpSs applications could scale on the parallel machine with hundreds of cores per node. Furthermore, we investigate how this high parallelism within each node would reflect on the network constraints. We especially focus on identifying critical code sections in MPI/OmpSs. We devised a technique that quickly evaluates, for a given MPI/OmpSs application and the selected target machine, which code section should be optimized in order to gain the highest performance benefits.
Also, this thesis studies techniques to quickly explore the potential OmpSs parallelism inherent in applications. We provide mechanisms to easily evaluate potential parallelism of any task decomposition. Furthermore, we describe an iterative trialand-error approach to search for a task decomposition that will expose sufficient parallelism for a given target machine.
Finally, we explore potential of automating the iterative approach by capturing the programmers’ experience into an expert system that can autonomously lead the search process. Also, throughout the work on this thesis, we designed development tools that can be useful to other researchers in the field. The most advanced of these tools is Tareador – a tool to help porting MPI applications to MPI/OmpSs programming model. Tareador provides a simple interface to propose some decomposition of a code into OmpSs tasks. Tareador dynamically calculates data dependencies among the annotated tasks, and automatically estimates the potential OmpSs parallelization. Furthermore, Tareador gives additional hints on how to complete the process of porting the application to OmpSs. Tareador already proved itself useful, by being included in the academic classes on parallel programming at UPC.La programación paralela consiste en dividir un problema de computación entre múltiples unidades de procesamiento y definir como interactúan (comunicación y sincronización) para garantizar un resultado correcto. El rendimiento de un programa paralelo normalmente está muy lejos de ser óptimo: el desequilibrio de la carga computacional y la excesiva interacción entre las unidades de procesamiento a menudo causa ciclos perdidos, reduciendo la eficiencia de la computación paralela. En esta tesis proponemos técnicas orientadas a explotar mejor el paralelismo en aplicaciones paralelas, poniendo énfasis en técnicas que incrementan el asincronismo. En teoría, estas técnicas prometen múltiples beneficios. Primero, tendrían que mitigar el retraso de la comunicación y la sincronización, y por lo tanto incrementar el rendimiento global. Además, la calibración de la paralelización tendría que exponer un paralelismo adicional, incrementando la escalabilidad de la ejecución. Finalmente, un incremente en el asincronismo proveería una tolerancia mayor a redes de comunicación lentas y ruido externo. En la primera parte de la tesis, estudiamos el potencial para la calibración del paralelismo a través de MPI. En concreto, exploramos técnicas automáticas para solapar la comunicación con la computación. Proponemos una técnica de mensajería especulativa que incrementa el solapamiento y no requiere cambios en la aplicación MPI original. Nuestra técnica identifica automáticamente la actividad MPI de la aplicación y la reinterpreta usando solicitudes MPI no bloqueantes situadas óptimamente. Demostramos que esta técnica maximiza el solapamiento y, en consecuencia, acelera la ejecución y permite una mayor tolerancia a las reducciones de ancho de banda. Aún así, en el caso de cargas de trabajo científico realistas, mostramos que el potencial de solapamiento está significativamente limitado por el patrón según el cual cada proceso MPI opera localmente en el paso de mensajes. En la segunda parte de esta tesis, exploramos el potencial para calibrar el paralelismo híbrido MPI/OmpSs. Intentamos obtener una comprensión mejor del paralelismo de aplicaciones híbridas MPI/OmpSs para evaluar de qué manera se ejecutarían en futuras máquinas. Exploramos como las aplicaciones MPI/OmpSs pueden escalar en una máquina paralela con centenares de núcleos por nodo. Además, investigamos cómo este paralelismo de cada nodo se reflejaría en las restricciones de la red de comunicación. En especia, nos concentramos en identificar secciones críticas de código en MPI/OmpSs. Hemos concebido una técnica que rápidamente evalúa, para una aplicación MPI/OmpSs dada y la máquina objetivo seleccionada, qué sección de código tendría que ser optimizada para obtener la mayor ganancia de rendimiento. También estudiamos técnicas para explorar rápidamente el paralelismo potencial de OmpSs inherente en las aplicaciones. Proporcionamos mecanismos para evaluar fácilmente el paralelismo potencial de cualquier descomposición en tareas. Además, describimos una aproximación iterativa para buscar una descomposición en tareas que mostrará el suficiente paralelismo en la máquina objetivo dada. Para finalizar, exploramos el potencial para automatizar la aproximación iterativa. En el trabajo expuesto en esta tesis hemos diseñado herramientas que pueden ser útiles para otros investigadores de este campo. La más avanzada es Tareador, una herramienta para ayudar a migrar aplicaciones al modelo de programación MPI/OmpSs. Tareador proporciona una interfaz simple para proponer una descomposición del código en tareas OmpSs. Tareador también calcula dinámicamente las dependencias de datos entre las tareas anotadas, y automáticamente estima el potencial de paralelización OmpSs. Por último, Tareador da indicaciones adicionales sobre como completar el proceso de migración a OmpSs. Tareador ya se ha mostrado útil al ser incluido en las clases de programación de la UPC.
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Paula, Let?cia Germany. "Ecl?mpsia e pr?-ecl?mpsia : estudo comparativo e experi?ncia no Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1594.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-20OBJETIVO: Caracterizar um grupo de pacientes que apresentaram ecl?mpsia e compar?-lo com um grupo de pacientes com pr?-ecl?mpsia. PACIENTES E M?TODOS: Foram revisados retrospectivamente os prontu?rios de 733 pacientes com hipertens?o na gravidez; 424 foram consideradas com pr?-ecl?mpsia e 52, com ecl?mpsia. RESULTADOS: Pacientes com ecl?mpsia e pr?-ecl?mpsia foram diferentes em aspectos demogr?ficos, cl?nicos e laboratoriais. As pacientes com eclampsia eram mais jovens, tinham menos gesta??es e menor peso. Os valores das press?es sist?lica e diast?lica foram significativamente mais elevados no grupo das ecl?mpticas. A protein?ria foi significativamente maior no grupo das pacientes com eclampsia, bem como a ocorr?ncia de s?ndrome HELLP. Tamb?m apresentaram ?cido ?rico s?rico mais elevado, maior incid?ncia de cesarianas, e desfechos perinatais mais desfavor?veis. A idade materna abaixo de 16 anos foi fator de risco para a ocorr?ncia de eclampsia. A combina??o de ?cido ?rico s?rico materno igual ou maior que 6 mg/dL e ?ndice protein?ria/creatinin?ria igual ou superior a 5 demonstrou forte associa??o com a ocorr?ncia de ecl?mpsia, demonstrado pela regress?o log?stica. CONCLUS?O: A combina??o de ?cido ?rico s?rico materno igual ou superior a 6 e ?ndice protein?ria/creatinin?ria em amostra igual ou superior a 5 est?o fortemente associados ao desenvolvimento de crise ecl?mptica e a interrup??o da gesta??o deve ser considerada, dentro de um contexto cl?nico completo, mesmo na presen?a de prematuridade.
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Young, Bobby Dalton. "MPI WITHIN A GPU." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/614.
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GPUs offer high-performance floating-point computation at commodity prices, but their usage is hindered by programming models which expose the user to irregularities in the current shared-memory environments and require learning new interfaces and semantics.
This thesis will demonstrate that the message-passing paradigm can be conceptually cleaner than the current data-parallel models for programming GPUs because it can hide the quirks of current GPU shared-memory environments, as well as GPU-specific features, behind a well-established and well-understood interface. This will be shown by demonstrating a proof-of-concept MPI implementation which provides cleaner, simpler code with a reasonable performance cost. This thesis will also demonstrate that, although there is a virtualization constraint imposed by MPI, this constraint is harmless as long as the virtualization was already chosen to be optimal in terms of a strong execution model and nearly-optimal execution time. This will be demonstrated by examining execution times with varying virtualization using a computationally-expensive micro-kernel.
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Stonyte, Morin Violeta. "Phosphorégulation de l'activité de la kinase Mps1." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20099.
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Mps1 est une protéine kinase à double spécificité impliquée dans le point de contrôle du fuseau mitotique et l'alignement des chromosomes. L'augmentation de l'activité de Mps1 est corrélée avec une augmentation de son niveau de phosphorylation lors de l'entrée en mitose. Cependant, les mécanismes contrôlant cette activation sont inconnus. Nous avons donc cherché à identifier les sites de phosphorylation de Mps1 afin d'étudier leur contribution à la régulation de Mps1. Par spectrométrie de masse, nous avons identifié jusqu'à 27 sites, et nous avons choisi de mutagéniser 11 d'entre eux individuellement en acides aminés non-phosphorylables (alanine), sur la base de leur conservation entre la protéine humaine et de xenope. Nous montrons que trois de ces sites de phosphorylation (S283, T697 et T707) sont essentiels pour l'activité kinase de Mps1, et pour son rôle dans le checkpoint mitotique. Deux de ces sites (T697 et T707) sont localisés dans la boucle d'activation du domaine kinase de Mps1 et sont des sites d'autophosphorylation. La phosphorylation sur le troisième site (S283) requiert une autre kinase. S283 est localisée dans le domaine non-catalytique de Mps1 qui est peu caractérisé et est impliqué dans le recrutement de Mps1 au kinétochore. Nous montrons par immunofluorescence que l'absence de phosphate sur le site S283 ne perturbe pas significativement le recrutement de Mad2 au kinétochore. Enfin, en utilisant des inhibiteurs et l'anticorps spécifique de la phosphorylation du site S283 que nous avons développé, nous montrons que le site S283 est phosphorylé en mitose par CDK, suggérant que les fonctions de Mps1 qui sont spécifiques de la mitose soient régulées par une phosphorylation dépendante des CDKsMps1 is a dual-specificity protein kinase involved in the spindle assembly checkpoint and chromosome alignment. Mps1 phosphorylation state and activity increase in mitosis. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown. We therefore sought to identify Mps1 phosphorylation sites and to study their contribution to Mps1 regulation. By mass spectrometry we identified up to 27 phosphorylation sites on Mps1. We chose 11 sites that were conserved between Xenopus and human Mps1, and constructed 11 non-phosphorylatable single point mutants. We show that three phosphorylation sites (S283, T697 and T707) are essential for the kinase activity and the checkpoint signalling function of Mps1. Two of these sites (T697 and T707) are located in the activation loop of Mps1 kinase domain and are autophosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation on the third site (S283) results from the activity of an upstream kinase. S283 is located in the less characterized non-catalytic domain that is responsible for the kinetochore localization of Mps1. By immunofuorescence we show that the absence of the phosphate at S283 does not significantly perturb the kinetochore recruitment of the spindle assembly checkpoint component Mad2. Finally, using inhibitors and our developed phosphospecific antibody we demonstrate that Mps1 is phosphorylated at S283 in mitosis by cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), suggesting that mitosis specific functions of Mps1 kinase are regulated by Cdk-dependent phosphorylation
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Mangat, Davinderpreet Singh. "The regulation of Mps1 kinase during mitosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80ced82c-6424-45a4-bdda-f83c270d3eeb.
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The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a conserved surveillance system, ensures genomic stability by delaying anaphase entry until all sister chromatids are attached to the mitotic spindle. The SAC network is active at unattached kinetochores and a complex signalling cascade culminates in the production of a diffusible 'wait anaphase' signal. Regulation of protein:protein interactions by reversible phosphorylation is critical in this signalling pathway. The checkpoint kinase Mps1, a central regulator of the SAC, plays a positive role in enabling protein interactions. Mps1 builds the SAC network by phosphorylating multiple kinetochore targets and in doing so it coordinates mitotic exit with microtubule binding. Given the critical role Mps1 plays in SAC activation, precise regulation of the activity and localisation of Mps1 must be key in controlling the activation status of the SAC. Mps1 binds to unattached kinetochores and is activated by autophosphorylation of its T-loop. However, once chromosomes are attached to the spindle and the SAC is satisfied Mps1 is switched off. The mechanisms controlling the inactivation of Mps1 were unknown. Here, it is shown that phosphorylation of T676, located on the activation loop of Mps1, is important in controlling Mps1 activity and SAC signalling. A PP2A-B56 phosphatase complex opposes Mps1 activation by directly dephosphorylating its activation loop both in vitro and in vivo. The interaction of PP2A-B56 with BubR1 is essential for this dephosphorylation event. Moreover, preliminary results from experiments combining Mps1 immunoprecipitations with mass spectrometry indicate that phosphate groups are globally lost from Mps1 when the SAC is inactive. The binding of interaction partners is a common mechanism used by kinases to regulate their function. Knl1 is present in Mps1 complexes by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. While these results are still preliminary it is clear from siRNA depletion that Knl1 plays a previously unidentified role in regulating the localisation of Mps1. Together, these results signify an important advance in our knowledge of how the function of Mps1 is controlled.
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Angadi, Raghavendra. "Best effort MPI/RT as an alternative to MPI design and performance comparison /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2002. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-12032002-162333.
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Gonzalez, Nelson Mimura. "MPSF: cloud scheduling framework for distributed workflow execution." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-03032017-083914/.
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Cloud computing represents a distributed computing paradigm that gained notoriety due to its properties related to on-demand elastic and dynamic resource provisioning. These characteristics are highly desirable for the execution of workflows, in particular scientific workflows that required a great amount of computing resources and that handle large-scale data. One of the main questions in this sense is how to manage resources of one or more cloud infrastructures to execute workflows while optimizing resource utilization and minimizing the total duration of the execution of tasks (makespan). The more complex the infrastructure and the tasks to be executed are, the higher the risk of incorrectly estimating the amount of resources to be assigned to each task, leading to both performance and monetary costs. Scenarios which are inherently more complex, such as hybrid and multiclouds, rarely are considered by existing resource management solutions. Moreover, a thorough research of relevant related work revealed that most of the solutions do not address data-intensive workflows, a characteristic that is increasingly evident for modern scientific workflows. In this sense, this proposal presents MPSF, the Multiphase Proactive Scheduling Framework, a cloud resource management solution based on multiple scheduling phases that continuously assess the system to optimize resource utilization and task distribution. MPSF defines models to describe and characterize workflows and resources. MPSF also defines performance and reliability models to improve load distribution among nodes and to mitigate the effects of performance fluctuations and potential failures that might occur in the system. Finally, MPSF defines a framework and an architecture to integrate all these components and deliver a solution that can be implemented and tested in real applications. Experimental results show that MPSF is able to predict with much better accuracy the duration of workflows and workflow phases, as well as providing performance gains compared to greedy approaches.A computação em nuvem representa um paradigma de computação distribuída que ganhoudestaque devido a aspectos relacionados à obtenção de recursos sob demanda de modo elástico e dinâmico. Estas características são consideravelmente desejáveis para a execução de tarefas relacionadas a fluxos de trabalho científicos, que exigem grande quantidade de recursos computacionais e grande fluxo de dados. Uma das principais questões neste sentido é como gerenciar os recursos de uma ou mais infraestruturas de nuvem para execução de fluxos de trabalho de modo a otimizar a utilização destes recursos e minimizar o tempo total de execução das tarefas. Quanto mais complexa a infraestrutura e as tarefas a serem executadas, maior o risco de estimar incorretamente a quantidade de recursos destinada para cada tarefa, levando a prejuízos não só em termos de tempo de execução como também financeiros. Cenários inerentemente mais complexos como nuvens híbridas e múltiplas nuvens raramente são considerados em soluções existentes de gerenciamento de recursos para nuvens. Além destes fatores, a maioria das soluções não oferece mecanismos claros para tratar de fluxos de trabalho com alta intensidade de dados, característica cada vez mais proeminente em fluxos de trabalho moderno. Neste sentido, esta proposta apresenta MPSF, uma solução de gerenciamento de recursos baseada em múltiplas fases de gerenciamento baseadas em mecanismos dinâmicos de alocação de tarefas. MPSF define modelos para descrever e caracterizar fluxos de trabalho e recursos de modo a suportar cenários simples e complexos, como nuvens híbridas e nuvens integradas. MPSF também define modelos de desempenho e confiabilidade para melhor distribuir a carga e para combater os efeitos de possíveis falhas que possam ocorrer no sistema. Por fim, MPSF define um arcabouço e um arquitetura que integra todos estes componentes de modo a definir uma solução que possa ser implementada e utilizada em cenários reais. Testes experimentais indicam que MPSF não só é capaz de prever com maior precisão a duração da execução de tarefas, como também consegue otimizar a execução das mesmas, especialmente para tarefas que demandam alto poder computacional e alta quantidade de dados.
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Bliemeister, Amanda Nichole. "Mps1 and Plk4 Cooperate to Regulate Centriole Assembly." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406211266.
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Marquardt, Joseph R. "Examining the Regulation and Functions of Centrosomal Mps1." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492705268485057.
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Hoefler, Torsten. "Communication/Computation Overlap in MPI." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200600021.
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This talk discusses optimized collective algorithms and the benefits of leveraging independent hardware entities in a pipelined manner. The resulting approach uses overlap of computation and communication to reach this task. Different examples are given.
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Chung, Ryan Ki Sing. "CMCMPI : Compose-Map-Configure MPI." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51185.
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In order to manage the complexities of Multiple Program, Multiple Data (MPMD) program deployment to optimize for performance, we propose (CM)²PI as a specification and tool that employs a four stage approach to create a separation of concerns between distinct decisions: architecture interactions, software size, resource constraints, and function. With function level parallelism in mind, to create a scalable architecture specification we use multi-level compositions to improve re-usability and encapsulation. We explore different ways to abstract out communication from the tight coupling of MPI ranks and placement. One of the methods proposed is the flow-controlled channels which also aims at tackling the common issues of buffer limitations and termination. The specification increase compatibility with optimization tools. This enables the automatic optimization of program run time with respect to resource constraints. Together these features simplify the development of MPMD MPI programs.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Mir, Taheri Seyed M. "Scalability of communicators in MPI." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33128.
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This thesis offers a novel framework for representing groups and communicators in Message Passing Interface (MPI) middleware. MPI is a widely used paradigm in a cluster environment that supports communication between the nodes. In our framework, we have implemented and evaluated scalable techniques for groups and communicators in MPI. We have tested this framework using FG-MPI, a fine-grain version of MPI that scales millions of MPI processes.
Groups in MPI are the primary means for creating communicators. A group map is the underlying structure that stores participating processes in the communication. We introduce a framework for concise representations of the group map. This framework is based on the observation that a map can be decomposed into a set and a permutation. This decomposition allows us to use a compact set representation for the cases where specific mapping is not required i.e. lists with monotonically increasing order. In other cases, the representation adds a permutation as well.
A variety of set compression techniques has been used. Furthermore, the framework is open to integration of new representations. One advantage of such decomposition is the ability to implicitly represent a set with set representations such as BDD. BDD and similar representations are well-suited for the types of operations used in construction of communicators. In addition to set representations for unordered maps, we incorporated Wavelet Trees on Runs. This library is designed to represent permutation. We have also included general compression techniques in the framework such as BWT. This allows some degree of compression in memory-constrained environments where there is no discernible pattern in the group structure.
We have investigated time and space trade-offs among the representations to develop strategies available to the framework. The strategies tune the framework based on user's requirements. The first strategy optimizes the framework to be fast and is called the time strategy. The second strategy optimizes the framework in regard to space. The final hybrid strategy is a hybrid of both and tries to strike a reasonable trade-off between time and space. These strategies let the framework accommodate a wider range of applications and users.
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Silva, Rafael Ennes. "Escalonamento estático de programas-MPI." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11472.
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O bom desempenho de uma aplicação paralela é obtido conforme o modo como as técnicas de paralelização são empregadas. Para utilizar essas técnicas, é preciso encontrar uma forma adequada de extrair o paralelismo. Esta extração pode ser feita através de um grafo representativo da aplicação. Neste trabalho são aplicados métodos de particionamento de grafos para otimizar as comunicações entre os processos que fazem parte de uma computação paralela. Nesse contexto, a alocação dos processos almeja minimizar a quantidade de comunicações entre processadores. Esta técnica é frequentemente adotada em Processamento de Alto Desempenho - PAD. No entanto, a construção de grafo geralmente está embutida no programa, cujas estruturas de dados privadas são empregadas na contrução do grafo. A proposta é usar ferramentas diretamente em programas MPI, empregando, apenas, os recursos padr ões da norma MPI 1.2. O objetivo é fornecer uma biblioteca (b -MPI) portável para o escalonamento estático de programas MPI. O escalonamento estático realizado pela biblioteca é feito através do mapeamento de processos Esse mapeamento busca agrupar os processos que trocam muitas informações em um mesma máquina, o que nesse caso diminui o volume de dados trafegados pela rede. O mapeamento será realizado estaticamente após uma execução prévia do programa MPI. As aplicações alvo para o uso da b -MPI são aquelas que mantêm o mesmo padrão de comunicação após execuções sucessivas. A validação da biblioteca foi realizada atrav és da Transformada Rápida de Fourier disponível no pacote FFTW, da resolução do Problema de Transferência de Calor através do Método de Schwarz e Multigrid e da Fatora ção LU implementada no benchmark HPL. Os resultados mostraram que a b -MPI pode ser utilizada para distribuir os processos e cientemente minimizando o volume de mensagens trafegadas pela rede.A good performance of a parallel application is obtained according to the mode as the parallelization techniques are applied. To make use of these techniques, is necessary to nd an appropriate way to extract the parallelism. This extraction can be done through a representative graph of the application. In this work, methods of partitioning graphs are applied to optimize the communication between processes that belong to a parallel computation. In this context, the processes allocation aims to minimize the communication amount between processors. This technique is frequently adopted in High Performance Computing - HPC. However, the graph building is generally inside the program, that has private data structures employed in the graph building. The proposal is to utilize tools directly in MPI programs, employing only standard resources of the MPI 1.2 norm. The goal is to provide a portable library (b -MPI) to static schedule MPI programs. The static scheduling realized by the library is done through the mapping of processes. This mapping seeks to cluster the processes that exchange a lot of information in the same machine that, in this case decreases the data volume passed through the net. The mapping will be done staticly after a previous execution of a MPI program. The target applications to make use of b -MPI are those whose keep the same communication pattern after successives executions. The library validation is done through the available applications in the FFTW package, the solving of the problem of Heat Transference through the Additive Schwarz Method and Multigrid and the LU factorization implemented in the HPL benchmark. The results show that b -MPI can be utilized to distribute the processes ef ciently minimizing the volume of messages exchanged through the network.
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Träff, Jesper. "Aspects of the efficient implementation of the message passing interface (MPI)." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994501803/04.
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Ling-Hon, Chu Matthew. "Biochemical and structural analysis of the human kinase MPS1." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502855.
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Zhao, Xianming, Honglin Zhao, and Tingxian Zhou. "Point to Multipoint Communication with DS/SSMA and MPSK." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611410.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaIt is always desirable to transmit several data signals simultaneously. This paper discusses how one transmitter can transmit several data signals to several receivers at the same time in a Point to Multipoint communication system. Two novel schemes are proposed. One is communication with Multiple Phase Shift Keying(MPSK,e.g.8PSK),another is communication with Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Multiple-Access(DS/SSMA). Their models are presented and their operations are illustrated. It is proved theoretically that the communication properties of DS/SSMA are better than those of another.
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Castro, Patricia Ingrid Mac?do de. "Receptores de citocinas proinflamat?rias na pr?-ecl?mpsia." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/21095.
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A pr?-ecl?mpsia ? uma doen?a que afeta 3-8% das mulheres gr?vidas. Os fatores de risco para essa doen?a n?o s?o completamente compreendidos, mas incluem desregula??o da resposta imune oriundos de defeitos na placenta??o, fatores ambientais e gen?ticos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar associa??o varia??o na quantidade de receptores de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias (IL-1R, IL-6R e TNF-?R) estariam envolvidos com a pr?-ecl?mpsia. Receptores de citocinas (IL-1R2, TNF-?R1 e IL-6R) foram avaliados em c?lulas mononucleares das gr?vidas normotensas (controle n=11) e gr?vidas com pr?-ecl?mpsia (PE, n=24). Mulheres com pr?-eclampsia tinham peso mais elevado no in?cio da gravidez (p=0.0171). Foi observado uma diminui??o de mon?citos cl?ssicos, mas n?o de mon?citos intermedi?rios e n?o-cl?ssicos na pr?-ecl?mpsia. A frequ?ncia dos receptores de citocinas proinflamat?rias IL-1R2, TNF-?R IL-6R aderidos a membrana das subpopula??es de mon?citos (cl?ssicos, intermedi?rios e n?o cl?ssicos) e linf?citos (CD3+CD4+ e CD3+CD8+) estavam diminu?das em pacientes com pr?-ecl?mpsia, quando comparados com gr?vidas normais. A redu??o na quantidade de receptores de citocinas IL-1R2, TNF-?R1 e IL-6R em mon?ciots e linf?citos pode ser um fator mantenedor do estado inflamat?rio na pr?-eclampsia.
Preeclampsia is a disease specific of human pregnancy that affects 3-8% of pregnant women, and it is one of the three leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. The disease is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after the 20th week of gestation. The risk factors for this disease are not completely understood but appear to include dysregulation of the immune response arising from defects in placentation, environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to determine whether the variation in the amount of proinflammatory cytokine receptors IL-1R2, IL-6R and TNF-?R1 would be involved in preeclampsia. They were recruited women with preeclampsia (n=24) and women who evolved during pregnancy without changes in blood pressure (n=12) were recruited. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. The cytokine receptors (IL-1R2, TNF-?R1 and IL-6R) were assessed in mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood using flow cytometry (Control = 8; PE = 24). C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined by CRP ultrasensitive method (Control = 7; PE = 18) was performed using sera pregnant women. Women with preeclampsia had higher weight at the beginning of the pregnancy (p=0.0171) and lower gestational age at delivery (0.0008). Classical monocytes were decreased in preeclampsia but not intermediate or non-classical monocytes. The frequency of IL-1R2 pro inflammatory cytokine receptors is decreased in women with PE only in the subpopulation of non-classical monocytes (p = 0.0011). TNF-?R1 receptor and IL-6R, had a decreased frequency in the three subpopulations of monocyte (classic, intermediate and non-classical) when compared to women with normal pregnancy. An increase in IL-1R2 receptor in TCD4+ lymphocytes, but a decrease in TNF-receptor and IL-6R in women with preeclampsia were found. No differences in the frequency of those receptors in CD3+/CD8+ in preeclampsia. There was no difference in C-reactive protein in preeclampsia. The reduction in the amount of IL-1R2, TNF- ?R1 and IL-6R monocytes and lymphocytes can be involved in the regulation of inflammation observed in preeclampsia, contributing to disease.
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Zdychynec, Tomáš. "Zadávání veřejných zakázek na MPSV v letech 2011-2015." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262264.
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The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the system of procurement at the Ministry of Labour and Social affairs between 2011-2015. The first part defines important terms in the issue of public procurement from different points of view. The second part deals with internal legislation regulating procurement at the Ministry of Labour and Social affairs and the procurement system analysis of over-threshold (below-threshold) procurement and small-scale public contracts. The last part analyzes the data of public contracts between 2011-2015. The right system adjustment of procurement at the Ministry of Labour and Social affairs is questioned.
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Cortés, Rubio Catalina Francisca. "Fases laminares del tipo MPS3 y sus propiedades ópticas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145748.
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Tesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Química área de especialización en Química de Materiales y Memoria para optar al Título de QuímicoEn el presente trabajo de tesis se han sintetizado y caracterizado fases bimetálicas derivadas del sistema MnPS3. Las fases bimetálicas obtenidas son cuatro: Zn0,2Mn0,8PS3•0,25 H2O, Cu0,2Mn0,8PS3 • 0,25 H2O, Ni0,2Mn0,8PS3 • 0,25 H2O y Co0,2Mn0,8PS3 • 0,25 H2O, las cuales fueron obtenidas mediante el método de síntesis asistida por microondas, a partir del precursor de potasio K0,4Mn0,8PS3 • H2O. Además, se sintetizaron, usando el mismo método, compositos intercalados con iones trivalentes de lantánidos (GdIII, TbIII y EuIII) del tipo Ln0,03K0,3Mn0,8PS3 • 0,85H2O. La fase prístina de manganeso(II) es estable térmicamente hasta los 400 °C, que al compararse con las fases bimetálicas, resulta ser una de las más estables térmicamente a excepción de la fase bimetálica de NiII, la cual presenta una mayor estabilidad térmica que la fase prístina. Queda en evidencia así, la influencia del ion divalente insertado en la fase sobre el comportamiento térmico de estos sistemas. En cuanto a los compositos intercalados con iones Ln III, Ln0,03K0,3Mn0,8PS3 • 0,85H2O se observó que tales compositos también son más estables térmicamente que la fase precursora de potasio. Esto confirma que los iones lantánidos (III) influyen en la estabilidad térmica de estas fases laminares, aun cuando existe una pequeña cantidad de éstos iones trivalentes en el espacio interlaminar del sistema. Al realizar el estudio de las propiedades ópticas de las fases bimetálicas se observó un desplazamiento del borde de absorción a valores de menor energía respecto a la fase precursora de potasio K0,4Mn0,8PS3 • H2O. Se observó que el borde de absorción de los tres compositos con iones lantánidos, Ln0,03K0,3Mn0,8PS3 • 0,85H2O también se desplazó a valores de menor energía respecto a la fase precursora de potasio K0,4Mn0,8PS3 • H2O. En cuanto a las propiedades de emisión de los compositos a temperatura ambiente, no fue posible observar emisión en ninguno de los tres compositos intercalados con iones Ln"
This thesis presents the synthesis, and characterization of bimetallic phases, based on the pristine MnPS3 phase. The obtained bimetallic phases were Zn0,2Mn0,8PS3•0,25 H2O, Cu0,2Mn0,8PS3 • 0,25 H2O, Ni0,2Mn0,8PS3 • 0,25 H2O y Co0,2Mn0,8PS3 • 0,25 H2O. These phases were prepared by a microwave assisted method, staring from the potassium precursor, K0.4 Mn0.8PS3• H2O. Using the same method, three intercalated phases were obtained by the cationic exchange method, where part of the potassium ions located in the interlamellar space was substituted by lanthanide(III) ions (Ln = GdIII, TbIII y EuIII), producing composites of general stoichiometry, Ln0,03K0,3Mn0,8PS3 • 0,85H2O. The pristine manganese(II) phase is thermally stable till 400 °C, while the bimetallic phases were less stable than the pristine phase, with the exception of the bimetallic NiII phase. In this way, the influence on the thermal stability of the secondary bivalent metal ion becomes evident. Besides, the intercalated composites with lanthanide(III) ions, are also more stable than the corresponding potassium precursor. This fact confirms that the lanthanide ions influence the thermal stability of these composites, even though only a small quantity of these trivalent ions is exchanged with the interlamellar potassium ions. The study of the optical properties of the bimetallic phases showed that the absorption edge of the solid state spectra of the bimetallic phases was at lower energy values than that of K0,4Mn0,8PS3 • H2O. When the Ln0,03K0,3Mn0,8PS3 • 0,85H2O phases were studied a similar optical phenomenon was observed. The absorption edge of these composites was also at lower energy values, as compared to that of the potassium precursor. With respect to the luminescent properties the spectra of these composites at room temperature did not show emission
Conicyt; Fondecyt; CEDENNA
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Marjanović, Vladimir. "The MPI/OmpSs parallel programming model." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398135.
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Even today supercomputing systems have already reached millions of cores for a single machine, which are connected by using a complex network interconnection. Reducing communication time across processes becomes the most important issue in order to achieve the highest possible performance. The Message Passing Interface (MPI), which is the most widely used programming model for large distributed memory, supports asynchronous communication primitives for overlapping communication and computation. However, these primitives are difficult to use and increase code complexity.
which then requiring more development effort and making less readable programs.
This thesis presents a new programming model, which allows the programmer to easily introduce the asynchrony necessary to overlap communication and computation. The proposed programming model is based on MPI and tasked based shared memory framework, namely OmpSs. The thesis further describes implementation details which in order to allow efficient inter-operation of the OmpSs runtime and MPI.
The thesis demonstrates the hybrid use of MPI/OmpSs with several applications of which the HPL benchmark is the most important case study. The hybrid MPI/OmpSs versions significantly improve the performance of the applications compared with their pure MPI counterparts. For the HPL we get close to the asymptotic performance at relatively small problem sizes and still get significant benefits at large problem sizes. In addition, the hybrid MPI/OmpSs approach substantially reduces code complexity and is less sensitive to network bandwidth and operating system noise than the pure MPI versions.
In addition, the thesis analyzes and compares current techniques for overlapping computation and collective communication, including approaches using point-to-point communications and additional communication threads, respectively. The thesis stresses the importance of understanding the characteristic of a computational kernel that runs concurrently with communication. Experimental evaluations is done using the Communication Computation Concurrent (CCUBE) synthetic benchmark, developed in this thesis, as well as the HPL.Las supercomputadoras están formadas por un creciente número de núcleos, del orden de millones en la actualidad, que se comunican a través de una compleja red de interconexión. Para obtener el más alto rendimiento posible es necesario reducir el tiempo de comunicación entre procesos. MPI ("Message Passing Interface", Interfaz de Paso de Mensajes), el modelo de programación más usado para grandes sistemas con memoria distribuida, permite llamadas de comunicación asíncrona para solapar la comunicación y la computación. Sin embargo, dichas llamadas son difíciles de usar e incrementan la complejidad del código, necesitándose un mayor esfuerzo en la implementación del código y dando lugar a programas más difíciles de leer. Esta tesis presenta un nuevo modelo de programación que permite al programador introducir fácilmente la asincronía necesaria para solapar la comunicación y la computación. El modelo de programación propuesto está fundamentado en MPI y la infraestructura basada en tareas y memoria compartida OmpSs. La tesis describe en profundidad los detalles de la implementación para la eficiente interoperabilidad entre OmpSs y MPI. En la tesis se demuestra el uso híbrido de MPI/OmpSs con distintas aplicaciones de las cuales el benchmark HPL es el más importante. La versión híbrida MPI/OmpSs mejora significativamente el rendimiento de las aplicaciones respecto a las versiones MPI originales. En el caso de HPL se acerca a un rendimiento asintótico para problemas relativamente pequeños, obteniendo mejoras significativas para problemas grandes. Además la versión híbrida MPI/OmpSs reduce substancialmente la complejidad del código y se ve menos afectada por el ancho de banda de la red y el ruido del sistema operativo que la versión MPI pura. Esta tesis también analiza y compara otros métodos actuales para solapar computación y comunicación colectiva, tales como usar comunicación punto a punto con hilos adicionales para la comunicación. La tesis resalta la importancia de entender las características de la computación que se ejecuta simultáneamente con la comunicación. Los resultados experimentales se han obtenido usando el benchmark sintético CCUBE ("Communication Computation Concurrent", Comunicación Computación Concurrente), desarrollado en esta tesis, además de HPL.
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Gipestam, Morgan. "Kvalitet på införande av MPS-system." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-266.
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Företag och organisationer har sedan industrialismens första år arbetat med att försöka effektivisera produktionen. Effektiv produktion leder till billigare produkter, som i sin tur leder till ökad försäljning. Ett bra hjälpmedel för att uppnå denna effektivisering är införande av ett MPS-system. Systemet hjälper till att planera, organisera, samordna, styra och kontrollera materialflödet i företaget.
Införandet av detta system är dock inte alldeles trivialt. Många experter säger att implementering av MPS-system är svårare än att introducera en ny produkt eller att etablera sig på en helt ny marknad. Det finns många kritiska faktorer för att införandet skall bli lyckat. Några av de viktigaste är att det måste finnas klart uttalade mål med implementationen, engagemanget hos företagsledningen och de anställda, noggrann analys av företagets behov, tillvägagångssättet vid val av system, samarbetet med leverantören samt utbildning av personalen.
Denna uppsats har gjorts i syfte att undersöka hur företag har behandlat dessa olika faktorer vid införandet av deras MPS-system. Hur man går tillväga vid införandet påverkar i mycket hög grad hur nöjd man skall bli med systemet. Med nöjd menas här att systemet skall leva upp till de förväntningar som fanns på det före införandet. För att undersöka hur nöjda företag är med sina system har jag gjort en enkätundersökning. Utifrån den kan konstateras att många har slarvat med de faktorer som nämndes ovan och då framför allt analysen av företagets behov. Som en följd av detta har de blivit mer eller mindre missnöjda med sina system.
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Tsai, Mike Yao Chen. "Hybrid design of MPI over SCTP." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32492.
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Message Passing Interface(MPI)is a popular message passing interface for writing parallel applications. It has been designed to run over many different types of network interconnects ranging from commodity Ethernet to more specialized hardwares including: shared memory, and Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) devices such as InfiniBand and the recently standardized Internet Wide Area RDMA Protocol (iWARP). The API itself provides both the point-to-point and remote memory access (RMA) operations to the application. However, it is often implemented based on one kind of underlying network device, namely entirely RDMA or point-to-point. As a result, it is often not possible to provide a direct mapping from the software semantics to the underlying hardware. In this work, we propose a hybrid approach in designing MPI in which network device to use can depend on its functional requirement. This allows the MPI API to exploit the potential performance benefits of the underlying hardware more directly. Another highlight of this work is the design of the MPI middleware to be IP based in order to provide support for both cluster and wide area network environment; this can be achieved via the use of a commodity transport layer protocol, namely Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). We will demonstrate how SCTP can be used to support MPI with different kinds of network devices and to provide multirailing support from the transport layer.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Zhang, Wenbin. "Libra: Detecting Unbalance MPI Collective Calls." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313160584.
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Cheng, Chih-Kai. "Java simulation of MPI collective communications." Leeds, 2001. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/library/counter2/compstmsc/20002001/cheng.pdf.
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Florez-Larrahondo, German. "A trusted environment for MPI programs." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2002. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-10172002-103135.
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Mohror, Kathryn Marie. "Infrastructure For Performance Tuning MPI Applications." PDXScholar, 2004. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2660.
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Clusters of workstations are becoming increasingly popular as a low-budget alternative for supercomputing power. In these systems,message-passing is often used to allow the separate nodes to act as a single computing machine. Programmers of such systems face a daunting challenge in understanding the performance bottlenecks of their applications. This is largely due to the vast amount of performance data that is collected, and the time and expertise necessary to use traditional parallel performance tools to analyze that data.
The goal of this project is to increase the level of performance tool support for message-passing application programmers on clusters of workstations. We added support for LAM/MPI into the existing parallel performance tool,P aradyn. LAM/MPI is a commonly used, freely-available implementation of the Message Passing Interface (MPI),and also includes several newer MPI features,such as dynamic process creation. In addition, we added support for non-shared filesystems into Paradyn and enhanced the existing support for the MPICH implementation of MPI. We verified that Paradyn correctly measures the performance of the majority of LAM/MPI programs on Linux clusters and show the results of those tests. In addition,we discuss MPI-2 features that are of interest to parallel performance tool developers and design support for these features for Paradyn.
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Ford, Corey. "Lazy Fault Detection for Redundant MPI." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1561.
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As the scale of supercomputers grows, it is becoming increasingly important for software to efficiently withstand hardware and software faults. Process replication is one resilience technique, but typical implementations require replicas to stay closely synchronized with each other. We propose algorithms to lazily detect faults in replicated MPI applications, allowing for more flexibility in replica scheduling and potential power savings. Evaluation shows that, when all processes are operated at full power, this approach allows applications to complete substantially faster as compared to using a synchronized model, and often as fast as in non-replicated execution.
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Cooper, Ian Michael. "MPI-style Web services : an investigation into the potential of using Web services for MPI-style applications." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54979/.
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This research investigates the potential of the Web services architecture to act as a platform for the execution of MPI-style applications. The work in this thesis is based upon extending current Web service methodologies and merging them with ideas from other research domains, such as high performance computing. MPIWS, an API to extend the functionality of standard Web services is introduced. MPIWS provides MPI-style message passing functionality to facilitate the execution of MPI-style applications using Web service based communication protocols. The thesis then presents a large selection of experiments that perform a comprehensive evaluation of MPIWS's performance. This performance is compared with an existing MPI implementation that has the option of transmitting data either via Java serialised objects, or via the Java native interface to an underlying C implementation of MPI. From the results obtained from these experiments, it can be concluded that using MPIWS for applications requiring MPI-style message passing between services is potentially a practical and efficient way of distributing coarse grained parallel applications. The results also show that the use of collective communication techniques within the Web services architecture can significantly improve the efficiency of suitable applications such as molecular dynamics simulation. MPI-style communication can also be used to enhance the performance of Web service based workflow execution. Tests conducted have evaluated a range of functionality that can be provided by the MPIWS tool. This evaluation shows that direct messaging between services, without sending data via the workflow manager, can improve the efficiency of Web service based workflow execution.
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Cortês, Daniela Bonfim. "Validade transcultural da versão brasileira da The Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS) e responsividade da MPSS e da Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) /." Presidente Prudente, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182175.
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Orientador: Dionei RamosResumo: Introdução: O tabagismo, bem como a abstinência deste, traz uma série de mudanças físicas e psicológicas. Na literatura a escala The Mood And Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS) e a Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) são semelhantes e avaliam sintomas da abstinência do tabagismo, porém somente a WSWS é validada para o Brasil, sendo necessária a validação transcultural da MPSS. Além disso, é necessário verificar em momentos diferentes da abstinência, a responsividade das duas escalas a fim de quantificar corretamente os sintomas relacionados à Síndrome de Abstinência Tabagística (SAT). Objetivos: Verificar se MPSS é um instrumento válido e reprodutível para avaliar a presença de sintomas da SAT em tabagistas brasileiros e, determinar a diferença mínima clinicamente importante (DMI) da MPSS e WSWS após cessação. Métodos: Para a validação, 112 tabagistas responderam a escala MPSS e (WSWS) da seguinte forma: basal (avaliador 1 – MPSS e WSWS), após 30 minutos (avaliador 2 - MPSS) e após 15 dias (avaliador 1 - MPSS). Para a DMI foram avaliados 33 tabagistas após 24 horas e terceira semana após a cessação do tabagismo. Para reprodutibilidade na aplicação, e reaplicação da MPSS, o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) foi utilizado, assim como o teste de Wilcoxon, para verificar se houve diferença entre as aplicações. A consistência interna da escala foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. A validade de constructo da MPSS em relação a WSWS foi avaliada por meio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: Smoking, as well as this abstinence, brings a series of physical and psychological changes. In the literature, The Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS) and The Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) are similar and evaluate smoking cessation symptoms, but only the WSWS is validated for Brazil, requiring cross-cultural validation of the MPSS. In addition, it is necessary to verify at different times of abstinence the responsiveness of the two scales in order to correctly quantify the symptoms related to the Smoking Abstinence Syndrome (SAS). Aim: Verify if MPSS scale is a valid and reproducible instrument to evaluate the presence of SAT symptoms in Brazilian smokers and to determine the Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) of MPSS and WSWS after cessation of smoking. Methods: For validation, 112 smokers answered to the MPSS and WSWS as follows: baseline (appraiser 1 - MPSS and WSWS), after 30 minutes (appraiser 2 - MPSS) and after 15 days evaluator 1 - MPSS). For MDC, 33 smokers were assessed after 24 hours and third week after cessation of smoking. For reproducibility in the application and reapplication of the MPSS, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used and the Wilcoxon test, to verify if there was a difference between the applications. The internal consistency of the scale was evaluated using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The construct validity of the MPSS in relation to the WSWS was evaluated by means of the Spearman correlation coefficient... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Slabodnick, Mark M. "Identification and investigation of the centrosome localization domain of Mps1." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/24613.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains v, 31 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 31). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Peiffer, Jason, Shail Kaushik, Hajime Sakai, Mario Arteaga-Vazquez, Nidia Sanchez-Leon, Hassan Ghazal, Jean Vielle-Calzada, and Blake Meyers. "A spatial dissection of the Arabidopsis floral transcriptome by MPSS." BioMed Central, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610079.
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BACKGROUND:We have further characterized floral organ-localized gene expression in the inflorescence of Arabidopsis thaliana by comparison of massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) data. Six libraries of RNA sequence tags from immature inflorescence tissues were constructed and matched to their respective loci in the annotated Arabidopsis genome. These signature libraries survey the floral transcriptome of wild-type tissue as well as the floral homeotic mutants, apetala1, apetala3, agamous, a superman/apetala1 double mutant, and differentiated ovules dissected from the gynoecia of wild-type inflorescences. Comparing and contrasting these MPSS floral expression libraries enabled demarcation of transcripts enriched in the petals, stamens, stigma-style, gynoecia, and those with predicted enrichment within the sepal/sepal-petals, petal-stamens, or gynoecia-stamens.RESULTS:By comparison of expression libraries, a total of 572 genes were found to have organ-enriched expression within the inflorescence. The bulk of characterized organ-enriched transcript diversity was noted in the gynoecia and stamens, whereas fewer genes demonstrated sepal or petal-localized expression. Validation of the computational analyses was performed by comparison with previously published expression data, in situ hybridizations, promoter-reporter fusions, and reverse transcription PCR. A number of well-characterized genes were accurately delineated within our system of transcript filtration. Moreover, empirical validations confirm MPSS predictions for several genes with previously uncharacterized expression patterns.CONCLUSION:This extensive MPSS analysis confirms and supplements prior microarray floral expression studies and illustrates the utility of sequence survey-based expression analysis in functional genomics. Spatial floral expression data accrued by MPSS and similar methods will be advantageous in the elucidation of more comprehensive genetic regulatory networks governing floral development.
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Tomazela, Bruno. "MPPI: um modelo de procedência para subsidiar processos de integração." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-15042010-143510/.
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A procedência dos dados consiste no conjunto de metadados que possibilita identificar as fontes e os processos de transformação aplicados aos dados, desde a criação até o estado atual desses dados. Existem diversas motivações para se incorporar a procedência ao processo de integração, tais como avaliar a qualidade dos dados das fontes heterogêneas, realizar processos de auditoria dos dados e de atribuição de autoria aos proprietários dos dados e reproduzir decisões de integração. Nesta dissertação é proposto o MPPI, um modelo de procedência para subsidiar processos de integração. O modelo enfoca sistemas nos quais as fontes de dados podem ser atualizadas somente pelos seus proprietários, impossibilitando que a integração retifique eventuais conflitos de dados diretamente nessas fontes. O principal requisito do MPPI é que ele ofereça suporte ao tratamento de todas as decisões de integração realizadas em processos anteriores, de forma que essas decisões possam ser reaplicadas automaticamente em processos de integração subsequentes. O modelo MPPI possui quatro características. A primeira delas consiste no mapeamento da procedência dos dados em operações de cópia, edição, inserção e remoção, e no armazenamento dessas operações em um repositório de operações. A segunda característica é o tratamento de operações de sobreposição, por meio da proposta das políticas blind, restrict, undo e redo. A terceira característica consiste na identificação de anomalias decorrentes do fato de que fontes de dados autônomas podem alterar os seus dados entre processos de integração, e na proposta de quatro tipos de validação das operações frente a essas anomalias: validação completa, da origem, do destino, ou nenhuma. A quarta característica consiste na reaplicação de operações, por meio da proposta dos métodos VRS (do inglês Validate and Reapply in Separate) e VRT (do inglês Validate and Reapply in Tandem) e da reordenação segura do repositório, os quais garantem que todas as decisões de integração tomadas pelo usuário em processos de integração anteriores sejam resolvidas automaticamente e da mesma forma em processos de integração subsequentes. A validação do modelo MPPI foi realizada por meio de testes de desempenho que investigaram o tratamento de operações de sobreposição, o método VRT e a reordenação segura, considerando como base as demais características do modelo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a viabilidade de implementação das políticas propostas para tratamento de operações de sobreposição em sistemas de integração reais. Os resultados também mostraram que o método VRT proporcionou ganhos de desempenho significativos frente à coleta quando o objetivo é restabelecer resultados de processos de integração que já foram executados pelo menos uma vez. O ganho médio de desempenho do método VRT foi de pelo menos 93%. Ademais, os testes também mostraram que reordenar as operações antes da reaplicação pode melhorar ainda mais o desempenho do método VRTData provenance is the set of metadata that allows for the identification of sources and transformations applied to data, since its creation to its current state. There are several advantages of incorporating data provenance into data integration processes, such as to estimate data quality and data reliability, to perform data audit, to establish the copyright and ownership of data, and to reproduce data integration decisions. In this master\'s thesis, we propose the MPPI, a novel data provenance model that supports data integration processes. The model focuses on systems in which only owners can update their data sources, i.e., the integration process cannot correct the sources according to integration decisions. The main goal of the MPPI model is to handle decisions taken by the user in previous integration processes, so they can be automatically reapplied in subsequent integration processes. The MPPI model introduces the following properties. It is based on mapping provenance data into operations of copy, edit, insert and remove, which are stored in an operation repository. It also provides four techniques to handle overlapping operations: blind, restrict, undo and redo. Furthermore, it identifies anomalies generated by sources that are updated between two data integration processes and proposes four validation approaches to avoid these anomalies: full validation, source validation, target validation and no validation. Moreover, it introduces two methods that perform the reapplication of operations according to decisions taken by the user, called the VRS (Validate and Reapply in Separate) and the VRT (Validate and Reapply in Tandem) methods, in addition to extending the VRT method with the safe reordering optimization. The MPPI model was validated through performance tests that investigated overlapping operations, the VRT method and the safe reordering optimization. The tests showed that the techniques proposed to handle overlapping operations are feasible to be applied to real integration systems. The results also demonstrated that the VRT method provided significant performance gains over data gathering when the goal is to reestablish previous integration results. The performance gains were of at least 93%. Furthermore, the performance results also showed that reordering the operations before the reapplication process can improve even more the performance of the VRT method
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Cassiano, Alexandra do Nascimento. "Repercuss?es da pr?-ecl?mpsia grave nos desfechos perinatais." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENFERMAGEM, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24738.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Introdu??o: A an?lise dos indicadores de sa?de neonatal e materna ? mundialmente utilizada como marcador da efic?cia dos servi?os de sa?de em um pa?s. O per?odo perinatal exige aten??o especial, tendo em vista a vulnerabilidade do feto e do neonato diante da exposi??o a patologias obst?tricas que influenciam a sa?de perinatal, a exemplo da pr?-ecl?mpsia grave. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados aos desfechos perinatais de gestantes com diagn?stico de pr?-ecl?mpsia grave. Metodologia: Estudo transversal desenvolvido em uma maternidade-escola, retrospectivo e prospectivo, cuja popula??o correspondeu aos fetos/neonatos de gestantes com diagn?stico de pr?-ecl?mpsia grave. A amostra correspondeu a 157 prontu?rios, em um recorte de um ano. Foram inclusos os fetos/neonatos de gestantes com diagn?stico de pr?-ecl?mpsia grave e exclu?dos os fetos/neonatos de gestantes com diagn?stico de outras s?ndromes hipertensivas. A pesquisa seguiu a Resolu??o 466/2012. O pr?-projeto teve Parecer homologado com n?mero: 2.013.851 e C. A. A. E: 64881817.5.0000.5537. Para an?lise dos dados foram utilizados o SPSS 21.0 e o R 3.3.2. Resultados: A vitalidade esteve associada a vari?veis maternas, perinatais e neonatais. A restri??o de crescimento intrauterino teve influ?ncia sobre a idade gestacional (p<0,001) e o peso ao nascer (p<0,01) do neonato. Assim, observou-se uma significativa propor??o de prematuros (48,4%) e de neonatos classificados como nascidos de baixo peso (43,3%). A idade gestacional e o peso ao nascer foram associados ? vitalidade fetal (p<0,001 e p=0,018), ? necessidade de reanima??o (p<0,001) e ? admiss?o na unidade de cuidados intensivos (p<0,01). Baixos valores de APGAR no primeiro e quinto minutos estiveram relacionados ao ?bito neonatal (p<0,01), ? necessidade de reanima??o (p<0,01) e ? admiss?o na unidade de terapia intensiva (p=0,004 e p=0,041). Um n?mero maior de consultas pr?-natal (0,30; p<0,001) e valores menores de protein?ria (-0,30; p<0,001) estiveram correlacionados a uma idade gestacional maior do neonato. Quanto maior o n?mero de semanas de gesta??o no momento da admiss?o (0,77; p<0,001), maior o peso do rec?m-nascido ao nascimento. Conclus?es: A gravidade da pr?-ecl?mpsia repercutiu negativamente sobre os desfechos perinatais com a presen?a da restri??o de crescimento intrauterino, ?bito fetal, prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer, necessidade de reanima??o neonatal e admiss?o na unidade de cuidados intensivos.
Introduction: The analysis of neonatal and maternal health indicators is used globally as a marker of the effectiveness of health services in a country. The perinatal period requires special attention, since the vulnerability of the fetus and neonate in the face of exposure to obstetric pathologies that influence perinatal health, such as severe preeclampsia. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the perinatal outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study developed in a retrospective and prospective school maternity unit, whose population corresponded to the fetuses/ neonates of pregnant women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia. The sample corresponded to 157 records in a one-year cut. Fetuses / neonates of pregnant women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia were excluded, and the fetuses / neonates of pregnant women with diagnosis of other hypertensive syndromes were excluded. The pre-project was approved with opinion number: 2,013,851 and C. A. A. E: 64881817.5.0000.5537. The research followed Resolution 466/2012. SPSS 21.0 and R 3.3.2 were used for data analysis. Results: Vitality was associated with maternal, perinatal and neonatal variables. Intrauterine growth restriction had an influence on gestational age (p <0.001) and birth weight (p <0.01) of the neonate. Thus, a significant proportion of preterm infants (48.4%) and neonates classified as low birth weight (43.3%) were observed. Gestational age and birth weight were associated with fetal vitality (p <0.001 and p = 0.018), the need for resuscitation (p <0.001) and admission to the intensive care unit (p <0.01). Low APGAR values in the first and fifth minutes were related to neonatal death (p <0.01), need for resuscitation (p <0.01) and admission to the intensive care unit (p = 0.004 and p = 0.041). A higher number of prenatal consultations (0.30, p <0.001) and lower values of proteinuria (-0.30, p <0.001) were correlated with a higher gestational age of the neonate. The higher the number of weeks of gestation at admission (0.77, p <0.001), the greater the weight of the newborn at birth. Conclusions: Preeclampsia severity had a negative effect on perinatal outcomes with intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death, prematurity, low birth weight, need for neonatal resuscitation and admission to the intensive care unit.
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Combes, Guillaume. "Étude de l'extension N-terminale de la kinase mitotique MPS1." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27887.
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Une des premières caractéristiques reconnues dans les cellules cancéreuses fut l’observation d’aberrations chromosomiques au cours de la division cellulaire. Parmi ces aberrations, on retrouve l’aneuploïdie, une mutation génétique définie par un nombre de chromosomes anormal de la cellule. Première cause associée aux fausses couches et au retard mental, l’aneuploïdie participe également à la progression tumorale. Plusieurs mécanismes sont mis en place par la cellule pour parer à ces aberrations chromosomiques. Le « spindle assembly checkpoint » (SAC) fait partie de ces mécanismes qui assurent la ségrégation précise des chromosomes au cours de la mitose. La kinase à double spécificité MPS1 codée par le gène TTK est une composante critique du SAC. La régulation de l’activité et de la localisation de MPS1 reste encore incomprise dans son ensemble. La localisation de MPS1 aux kinétochores (KT, structure des centromères permettant la mise en place du SAC) nécessite une région d’environ 50 acides aminés appelée NTE (N-Terminal Extension) qui ne possède pas de domaine fonctionnel clairement défini. Des données récentes ont montré que la région N-Terminale de MPS1 est impliquée dans la régulation de son activité. L’objectif principal de ces travaux est de comprendre dans quelle mesure la région NTE participe à la régulation de l’activité kinase et à la localisation de MPS1. Mettant en place une approche basée sur l’hypothèse que la conservation de la structure à travers l’évolution peut correspondre à une fonction, nous avons mis en évidence que la région NTE de MPS1 contribue à sa localisation et son activation par 2 modules indépendants. Nous avons démontré que les résidus 19-29 sont absolument requis pour la localisation de MPS1 déterminant ainsi plus précisément une région responsable de sa localisation. Cette région est également nécessaire pour diminuer l’interaction entre MPS1 et sa protéine partenaire ARHGEF17/TEM4 qui participe à son recrutement au KT, régulant de ce fait la localisation de MPS1. Le second module concerne les résidus 40-49 et c’est en particulier la phosphorylation de cette région qui contribue à l’activation de la kinase, vraisemblablement par la relâche d’un mécanisme d’auto-inhibition de la kinase. Ce mécanisme, participant à la régulation de l’activité kinase de MPS1, semble se produire successivement avec la dimérisation, puis la phosphorylation initiale de la région NTE et est enfin suivie de la trans-autophosphorylation de la boucle d’activation du domaine kinase. L’importance de la région NTE dans l’accomplissement des fonctions de MPS1 au cours de la mitose a été démontrée ainsi que la nécessité de ces deux régions particulières de la NTE requises indépendamment pour le fonctionnement optimal et le maintien de la robustesse du SAC. Ainsi, cette thèse apporte des informations supplémentaires et indispensables à la compréhension des mécanismes régulant l’activité kinase et la localisation au kinétochore de MPS1 par l’intermédiaire de sa région NTE.One of the first recognized characteristics in cancer cells was the observation of chromosomal aberrations during cell division. Among these aberrations, there is aneuploidy, a genetic abnormality defined by having an incorrect number of chromosomes in the cell. As the leading cause of miscarriages and mental retardation, aneuploidy also contributes to tumor progression. Several mechanisms are established by the cell to counter these chromosomal aberrations. The "spindle assembly control point" (SAC) is one of these mechanisms which ensures accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. The dual specificity kinase MPS1 coded by the TTK gene is a critical component of the SAC. The regulation of the activity and the localization of MPS1 is still not wholly understood. The localization of MPS1 to the kinetochores (KT, structure of the centromeres allowing SAC organization) requires a region of approximately 50 amino acids called NTE (N-Terminal Extension) which does not exhibit a known functional domain. Recent data have demonstrated that the N-Terminal region of MPS1 is involved in the regulation of its activity. The main objective of this project is to understand to what extent the NTE region participates in the regulation of the kinase activity and the localization of MPS1. Using a structure-based approach, we have demonstrated that the NTE region of MPS1 contributes to its localization and activation by 2 independent modules. We demonstrated that residues 19-29 are absolutely required for the localization of MPS1, thus defining more accurately the region responsible for its localization. This region is also necessary to decrease the interaction between MPS1 and its partner protein ARHGEF17/TEM4, which participates in its recruitment to the KT thereby regulating the localization of MPS1. The second module concerns the residues 40-49, especially the phosphorylation of this region which contributes to the activation of the kinase, presumably by the release of a mechanism of auto-inhibition of the kinase. This mechanism, which participates in the regulation of the MPS1 kinase activity, appears to occur successively with dimerization then the initial phosphorylation of the NTE region and finally followed by trans-autophosphorylation of the activation loop of the kinase domain. The importance of the NTE region in performing the functions of MPS1 during mitosis has been demonstrated as well as the need for these two particular regions of the NTE which are independently required for optimal functioning and maintaining the robustness of the SAC. Thus, this thesis provides additional and indispensable information for understanding the mechanisms regulating the kinase activity and the kinetochore localization of MPS1 via its NTE region.
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Sawant, Dwitiya B. "The Role of Mps1 and Centrin 3 in Centriole Assembly." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429857356.
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Ulip, Jan. "Analýza výdajů kapitoly státního rozpočtu MPSV v letech 2000 -2010." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124577.
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Diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of expenditure of the state budget of the Ministry of labour and social affairs in the years 2000 to 2010. This thesis explores the changing structure of those expenses and tries to answer the question whether the political cycle and the power of coalitions significant impact on spending in this chapter. It also addresses the issue of sustainability of public finances.
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Jemaâ, Mohamed. "Chimiothérapie ciblant les cellules cancéreuses p53 déficientes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T040/document.
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L’altération génétique et/ou fonctionnelle de p53 est très répondue dans les cancers humains et est répertoriée dans plus d’un cas sur deux. Les traitements et molécules utilisés en chimiothérapie anticancéreuse induisent pour la plupart l’apoptose dépendante de p53 ce qui confère une résistance particulière aux tumeurs p53 déficientes. Nous avons développé des techniques se basant sur la vidéomicroscopie à haut débit et l’utilisation de cellules fluorescentesTP53+/+ et TP53-/- pour mettre en évidence des agents chimiques qui ciblent les cellules p53 déficientes. Nous avons identifié SP600125, un inhibiteur de kinases dont MPS1, Aurora A et Aurora B, et qui tue préférentiellement les cellules tumorales TP53-/- . Cette cytotoxicité sélective a été confirmée sur de nombreux modèles de cellules déficientes en p53 in vitro et in vivo sur des xénogreffes TP53+/+ et TP53-/- injectés à des souris nudes. Nous avons utilisé une autre molécule qui a un spectre d’inhibition semblable à SP600125, la reversine, et nous avons aussi trouvé qu’elle a une cytotoxicité sélective envers les cellules p53 déficientes.L’analyse vidéomicroscopique des cellules traitées nous révèle que la mort préférentielle des cellules P53 déficientes est intimement liée à un mécanisme de polyploïdisation. En effet, les cellules TP53-/- (contrairement à celles TP53+/+) traitées effectuent des mitoses aberrantes sans karyokinèse ni cytokinèse qui ne sont pas contrôlées par un arrêt du cycle cellulaire. Ces cellules succombent par catastrophe mitotique après activation de la voie mitochondriale de l’apoptose.Cette observation concorde avec le fait que l’inhibition des protéines anti-apoptotiques de la famille Bcl-2 sensibilise les cellules traitées alors que l’inhibition des protéines BAX, APAF-1 et les caspases protège les cellules TP53-/- de l’effet cytotoxique de SP600125 et la reversine.Ces résultats nous permettent d’envisager ces drogues (ou dérivées) dans la prévention des cas de tumeurs pré malignes et/ou dans le traitement des cas de cancers p53 déficientsThe genetic and/or functional alterations of p53 are highly prevalent in cancer and are reported for more than a half of all human cancers. Classic chemotherapy leads p53 mediated apoptosis conferring a drug resistance for p53 deficient cells. We developed in the laboratory a technique based on high-content videomicroscopy and fluorescent TP53+/+ and TP53-/- cells for the screening of molecules that targets p53 deficient cells. We discovered that SP600125, a kinase inhibitor, including MPS1, Aurora A and Aurora B, kills p53-deficient cells more efficiently than their p53-proficient counterparts. This selective cytotoxicity was confirmed in vivo in mice carrying p53-deficient and -proficient human xenografts. Than after we used an another inhibitor with a similar broad-spectrum kinase, reversine, and we found that this molecule have a selective toxicity for TP53-/- cells and this result was confirmed in vitro for both molecule.Videomicroscopy-based cell fate profiling revealed that the p53-deficient cell death is coupled to hyperploïdy mechanism. Indeed, TP53-/- (but not TP53+/+) undergo successive round of abortive mitosis and failed to arrest the cell cycle in response to treatment and cells became polyploidy and progressively succumbed to mitochondrial apoptosis. In line with this notion, the depletion of anti-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family sensitized TP53-/- cells to the toxic effects of SP600125 and reversine. Moreover, the knockdown of BAX or APAF-1, as well as the chemical inhibition of caspases, limited the death of TP53-/- cells.Hence, SP600125 or reversine (and its analogues/derivatives) might be used for cancer chemoprevention (for eliminating pre-malignant cells that have inactivated p53) or chemotherapy of p53-deficient cancers
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Bro-Sönnergard, Anette. "Utbildningens roll för nyttjandet av MPS-system." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-194.
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Tillverkande företag har under de senaste åren ställts inför en förändrad marknadssituation, vilket innebär att de fått förändra sitt arbetssätt från en produktionsorienterad syn till en kundorienterad syn. Den kundorienterade synen innebär att företag snabbt måste kunna ställa om sin produktion för att tillfredsställa kundens behov.
MPS-system (Material- och ProduktionsStyrningssystem) är mycket effektiva hjälpmedel vid snabba beslut och omplaneringar, de ger dessutom möjlighet att ge kunder direkt besked om orderstatus. MPS-system tenderar att bli stora och komplexa, de har kontaktytor mot nästan alla delar i företagen.
Många företag idag köper MPS-system. Stora företag byter gamla föråldrade system och allt fler små och medelstora företag inför MPS-system. Kommande milleniumskiftet är också en orsak till att flera företag byter sina MPS-system idag.
Med detta väcktes intresset för att undersöka om företag som investerar i dyra MPS-system verkligen får ut det de förväntar sig av dem. Det är intressant att se om den utbildning som de blivande användarna får är tillräcklig för att de ska nyttja sina MPS-system som det var tänkt.
Undersökningen visar att MPS-leverantörerna ansåg att utbildningen var tillräcklig för att företagen ska kunna nyttja sina MPS-system till den grad de önskar, men att MPS-systemen ändå inte nyttjas till den grad som är möjlig. Företagsledning och de systemansvariga på företag som köpt MPS-system tyckte att utbildningen var tillräcklig. Användarna i produktion ansåg däremot att utbildningen inte var tillräcklig, de hade önskat en mer helhetsbild över MPS-systemet. Hur utbildningen bedrevs var viktigare än antalet timmar. Allmän datorutbildning visade sig vara en viktig del för att användarna ska kunna nyttja sina MPS-systemet.
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Nagel, Wolfgang E., Alfred Arnold, Michael Weber, Hans-Christian Hoppe, and Karl Solchenbach. "VAMPIR: Visualization and Analysis of MPI Resources." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-26639.
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Performance analysis most often is based on the detailed knowledge of program behavior. One option to get this information is tracing. Based on the research tool PARvis, the visualization environment VAMPIR was developed at KFA which now supports the new message passing standard MPI. VAMPIR translates a given trace file into a variety of graphical views, e.g., state diagrams, activity charts, time-line
displays, and statistics. Moreover, it supports an animation mode that can help to locate performance bottlenecks, and it provides flexible filter operations to reduce the amount of information displayed. The most interesting part of VAMPIR is the powerful zooming feature that allows to identify problems at any level of detail.
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Kubiš, Milan. "Optimalizace sběrného výfukového potrubí Škoda 1,2 MPI." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230446.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is optimalization of exhaust manifold of ŠKODA 1,2 MPI engine with respect for the plastic deformation at heat stress. The first part is focused on general description of converter module, whose component the exhaust manifold is. In the next part of the thesis is computation of a heat load of the exhaust manifold. The last part is devoted to the seal analysis of the whole converter module of a ŠKODA three-cylinder engine.
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Grabowsky, L., Th Ermer, and J. Werner. "Nutzung von MPI für parallele FEM-Systeme." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 1998. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-199801365.
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Der Standard des Message Passing Interfaces (MPI) stellt dem Entwickler paralleler Anwendungen ein mächtiges Werkzeug zur Verfügung, seine Softwa- re effizient und weitgehend unabhängig von Details des parallelen Systems zu entwerfen.
Im Rahmen einer Projektarbeit erfolgte die Umstellung der Kommunikationsbibliothek eines bestehenden FEM-Programmes auf den MPI-Mechanismus. Die Ergebnisse werden in der hier gegebenen Beschreibung der Cubecom-Implementierung zusammengefasst.
In einem zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, auf welchem Wege mit der in MPI verfügbaren Funktionalität auch die Koppelrandkommunikation mit einem einheitlichen und effizienten Verfahren durchgeführt werden kann.
Sowohl fuer die Basisimplementierung als auch die MPI-basierte Koppelrandkommunikation wird die Effizienz untersucht und ein Ausblick auf weitere Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten gegeben.