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1
Green, Lance Noel, and n/a. "A study of the design studio in relation to the teaching of industrial & product design." University of Canberra. Design & Architecture, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070129.124614.
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In this thesis the industrial design studio has been investigated with particular reference to
studio thinking and learning and project-based activity. This investigation has been set in
the context of a final-year, degree program in industrial design that includes a substantial
research and development project. From a critical review of the relevant literature the
characteristics of studio culture have been identified, together with its role in the teaching
of both creative and systematic endeavour. In addition, the history and context of the role
of the industrial/product designer is reviewed in order to understand the nature and the
required skills of the discipline.
In this thesis, an initial study surveyed academics involved in teaching industrial design in
Australia, and overseas. The study sought to determine the approach of students, in
various industrial design degree programs, to their final-year projects and the extent to
which design process and design methods were incorporated in their project reports. The
findings revealed a number of operational needs associated with studio-based learning,
particularly those associated with final-year, project-based activity. These findings,
together with teachings from the literature concerning how students go about design in the
studio and the needs associated with project activity, led to the proposal of a generic
model, entitled the Major Project Development Model "MPD Model". The operational
criteria in the MPD Model guided the development of a computer-integrated system of
design methods allocated to the respective phases of the process. This system, called the
"MPD System", is designed to support and enhance student design work in major projects.
A second study was conducted that analysed: student performance in their project reports;
the extent to which their design research conformed to the MPD Model; and the extent to
which design methods were used in their final-year projects. Criteria and guidelines for the
successful conduct and evaluation of such projects have been proposed and set up as
part of the experimental programme. The experimental work, reported in this thesis, is
based on an in-depth, comparative investigation of a range of major project reports, firstly
those produced in the year 2003 during which final-year students did not have access to or
knowledge of the MPD System and secondly, those produced in 2004 where students
were provided with the MPD System, hence providing two cohorts for comparative
purposes.
The theoretical and experimental work have been related, with appropriate results and
conclusions, to the following issues: Design theory � an MPD Model has been proposed
and applied in keeping with a set of operational criteria; design methods - a model
reflecting a range of methods aligned to phases of the MPD Model have been established
in keeping with needs of designers in their execution of phases of the process; brainbased
learning theory � a model of the integration of the MPD System as a means of
linking systematic and creative thinking in the studio process is proposed; academic
performance � the academic performance of students has been studied and data have
been derived which provide valuable information for the design educational process.
The results of this research will encourage use of a more structured teaching and learning
approach and the employment of design methods in major projects. This comprehensive
research thesis provides a framework for further research and recommendations for further
research.
2
Al-Mashat, Alex. "Comparison of Multiple Models for Diabetes Using Model Averaging." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448168.
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Pharmacometrics is widely used in drug development. Models are developed to describe pharmacological measurements with data gathered from a clinical trial. The information can then be applied to, for instance, safely establish dose-response relationships of a substance. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a common biomarker used by models within antihyperglycemic drug development, as it reflects the average plasma glucose level over the previous 8-12 weeks. There are five different nonlinear mixed-effects models that describes HbA1c-formation. They use different biomarkers such as mean plasma glucose (MPG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI) or a combination of those. The aim of this study was to compare their performances on a population and an individual level using model averaging (MA) and to explore if reduced trial durations and different treatment could affect the outcome. Multiple weighting methods were applied to the MA workflow, such as the Akaike information criterion (AIC), cross-validation (CV) and a bootstrap model averaging method. Results show that in general, models that use MPG to describe HbA1c-formation on a population level could potentially outperform models using other biomarkers, however, models have shown similar performance on individual level. Further studies on the relationship between biomarkers and model performances must be conducted, since it could potentially lay the ground for better individual HbA1c-predictions. It can then be applied in antihyperglycemic drug development and to possibly reduce sample sizes in a clinical trial. With this project, we have illustrated how to perform MA on the aforementioned models, using different biomarkers as well as the difference between model weights on a population and individual level.
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Amarante, Tauanne Dias. "Modelo de regulação dos nucleotídeos extracelulares no líquido superficial das vias respiratórias." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MPDZ-8TWPB3.
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Extracellular nucleotides play a key role in the regulation of mucociliary clearance and thus are essential in protecting the airways against inhaled pathogens. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) nucleotides are secreted by the respiratory epithelium to the airway surface liquid, where they are metabolized by ecto-enzymes and converted into the nucleosides adenosine (ADO) and inosine (INO) which in turn are absorbed by the cells of the respiratory epithelium. The concentrations of extracellular ATP and ADO, by activating the membrane receptors P2Y2 and A2B, regulate the mucus secretion rate, the ciliary beating frequency, and mucus hydration and mucus viscosity. The biochemical network that regulates the concentrations of extracellular ATP and ADO was recently described quantitatively by a computer model based on experimental data collected in cultures of human respiratory epithelial cells. Although this model reproduced the experimental data, it could not be used to investigate the regulation of extracellular nucleotides in vivo, because it was based on cell cultures containing _uid at a height of _ 1500_m, while in vivo the height of the airway surface liquid is approximately 30_m. Aiming to adapt the computer model to describe the behavior of the system in vivo, we selected from the literature experimental data where the regulatory network was investigated for liquid surface heights ranging from 14_m to 2730_m. The new version of the model, proposed in this work, consists in the solution of the reactiondi _usion equation in cylindrical coordinates, with boundary conditions that express the reactions catalyzed by ectonucleotidases on the surface of the bronchial epithelium. The set of coupled di_erential equations was solved numerically using the _nite volume method. The numerical solution was validated by comparing it with the analytical solution of two particular cases of boundary conditions: re_ective barriers and constant _ux at z = 0. Using the model, we investigate the behavior of the nucleotides after hypotonic challenge, the results are in good agreement with the experimental data. This model can be important for the development of new therapies for respiratory pathologies, especially cystic _brosis. Individuals with this genetic disease have chronic bacterial infection in the lungs due to a failure in mucociliary clearance, that includes mucus dehydration and excessive mucus secretion.Os nucleotídeos extracelulares desempenham um papel fundamental na regulação do transporte mucociliar e, dessa forma, são essenciais na defesa das vias respiratórias contra patógenos inalados. Os nucleotídeos adenosina trifostafato (ATP), adenosina difosfato (ADP) e adenosina monofosfato (AMP) são secretados pelo epitélio respiratório para o líquido superficial das vias respiratórias, onde são metabolizados por ecto-enzimas e transformados nos nucleosídeos adenosina (ADO) e inosina (INO) que, por sua vez, são absorvidos pelas células do epitélio respiratório. São as concentrações de ATP e ADO extracelulares que, ao ativar os receptores P2Y2 e A2B na membrana celular, regulam a taxa de secreção de muco, a frequência de batimento ciliar e a hidratação e viscosidade do muco. Esta rede bioquímica de regulação das concentrações de ATP e ADO extracelulares foi recentemente descrita quantitativamente por um modelo computacional baseado em dados experimentais coletados em culturas de células do epitélio respiratório humano. Embora este modelo tenha reproduzido dados experimentais in vitro, ele não podia ser usado para investigar a regulação de nucleotídeos extracelulares in vivo, já que se baseou em culturas de célula contendo líquido a uma altura de ~1500 mm, enquanto in vivo a altura do líquido superficial é da ordem de 30 mm. Com o intuito de adaptar o modelo computacional para descrever o comportamento do sistema in vivo, selecionamos dados experimentais da literatura em que a rede de regulação foi investigada para alturas do líquido superficial variando de 14 mm a 2730 mm. A nova versão do modelo, proposta neste trabalho, consiste na solução da equação de reação-difusão em coordenadas cilíndricas, com condições de contorno que expressam as reações catalisadas pelas ectonucleotidases na superfície do epitélio bronquial. O conjunto de equações diferencias acopladas foi resolvido numericamente usando o método de volumes finitos. A método foi validado comparando a solução numérica com a solução analítica de dois casos particulares de condição de contorno: barreiras refletoras e fluxo constante em z=0. Utilizando o modelo, investigamos o comportamento dos nucleotídeos após choque hipotônico, obtendo uma boa concordância com os dados experimentais. Este modelo pode ser importante para o desenvolvimento de novas terapias para tratamento de patologias respiratórias, especialmente da Fibrose Cística. Os indivíduos portadores dessa doença genética apresentam quadro de infecção bacteriana crônica devido a uma falha no transporte mucociliar, que inclui a desidratação do muco e a secreção de muco em excesso
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Ng, Desmond Han Tien. "Stochastic model predictive control." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b56df5ea-10ee-428f-aeb9-1479ce9a7b5f.
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The work in this thesis focuses on the development of a Stochastic Model Predictive Control (SMPC) algorithm for linear systems with additive and multiplicative stochastic uncertainty subjected to linear input/state constraints. Constraints can be in the form of hard constraints, which must be satisfied at all times, or soft constraints, which can be violated up to a pre-defined limit on the frequency of violation or the expected number of violations in a given period. When constraints are included in the SMPC algorithm, the difficulty arising from stochastic model parameters manifests itself in the online optimization in two ways. Namely, the difficulty lies in predicting the probability distribution of future states and imposing constraints on closed loop responses through constraints on predictions. This problem is overcome through the introduction of layered tubes around a centre trajectory. These tubes are optimized online in order to produce a systematic and less conservative approach of handling constraints. The layered tubes centered around a nominal trajectory achieve soft constraint satisfaction through the imposition of constraints on the probabilities of one-step-ahead transition of the predicted state between the layered tubes and constraints on the probability of one-step-ahead constraint violations. An application in the field of Sustainable Development policy is used as an example. With some adaptation, the algorithm is extended the case where the uncertainty is not identically and independently distributed. Also, by including linearization errors, it is extended to non-linear systems with additive uncertainty.
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Walker, Jens. "A motion cueing model for mining and forestry simulator platforms based on Model Predictive Control." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-98685.
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Oryx Simulations produce simulators for mining and forestry machinery used for educational and promotional purposes. The simulators use motion platforms to reflect how the vehicle moves within the simulator. This platform tilts and accelerates the driver in order to enhance the experience. Previously a classical washout filter algorithm has been used to control the platform which leaves something to be desired regarding how well it reflects the vehicles movement, how easy it is to tune and how it handles the limits of the platform. This thesis aims to produce a model that accurately reflects angles, velocities and accelerations while in the mean time respecting the limits of the platform. In addition to this the developed model should be easy to modify and tune. This is achieved using so-called Model Predictive Control which achieves the wanted behaviour by predicting how the platform will move based on its current state while implementing the constraints of the platform directly into the model. Since all of the parameters in the model are actual physical quantities, this makes the model easier to tune. A key component in this solution is the so-called tilt coordination which consists of substituting a lateral/longitudinal acceleration with the acceleration of gravity by tilting the driver. Constructing and implementing this model in Matlab we verify it by using data extracted from the simulator environment. We see that the parameters consisting of angles, rotational velocities and linear accelerations are tracked very well while respecting the constraints for the platform, constraints that can be easily changed to fit the current simulator.We also see that the model successfully implements tilt coordination into the behaviour of the platform. This model performs extraordinarily well in theory, what remains is to implement this to the motion platform and fine-tune it.Oryx Simulations tillverkar simulatorer i huvudsak för gruv- och skogsindustrinvilket används i utbildnings- och marknadsföringssyfte. Simulatorerna använder en röorelseplattform för att spegla hur fordonet i simulatormiljön rör sig. Denna plattform lutar och accelererar föraren för att förstarka upplevelsen. Tidigare har ett så kallat klassiskt washout-filter använts för att kontrollera plattformen som lämnar en del i övrigt att onska vad gäller hur väl fordonets rörelser speglas, hur lätt det ar att justera samt hur det hanterar plattformens begränsningar. Detta projekt ämnar producera en modell som väl speglar vinklar,hastigheter och accelerationer samtidigt som den respekterar plattformens gränser. I tillägg till detta bör modellen vara enkel att modifiera och justera. Detta uppnås genom så kallad Model Predictive Control som förutsager hur plattformen kommer röra sig utifrån dess aktuella tillstånd samtidigt som den respekterar de tvång som finns på plattformen direkt i modellen. Då alla parametrar i modellen är faktiska fysiska kvantiteter blir modellen märkbart lättare att justera. En viktig komponent i denna lösning är så kallad tilt coordination vilket består i att substituera lateral/longtudinell acceleration med en komposant av tyngdaccelerationen genom att luta föraren. Denna modell konstrueras och implementeras i Matlab och verifieras genom att använda extraherat data från den simulerade miljön. Vi kan se att parametrarna som består av vinklar, rotationella hastigheter och linjära accelerationer speglas väldigt väl, samtidigt som tvången på plattformen respekteras. Dessa tvång kan enkelt modieras for att passa den aktuella simulatorn. Vi ser även att modellen framgångsrikt implementerar tilt coordination i plattformens beteende. I teorin har denna modell väldigt bra prestanda; vad som kvarstår är att implementera den på en rörelseplattform och finjustera modellen.
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Barsk, Karl-Johan. "Model Predictive Control of a Tricopter." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79066.
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In this master thesis, a real-time control system that stabilizes the rotational rates of a tri-copter, has been studied. The tricopter is a rotorcraft with three rotors. The tricopter has been modelled and identified, using system identification algorithms. The model has been used in a Kalman filter to estimate the state of the system and for design ofa model based controller. The control approach used in this thesis is a model predictive controller, which is a multi-variable controller that uses a quadratic optimization problem to compute the optimal con-trol signal. The problem is solved subject to a linear model of the system and the physicallimitations of the system. Two different types of algorithms that solves the MPC problem have been studied. These are explicit MPC and the fast gradient method. Explicit MPC is a pre-computed solution to the problem, while the fast gradient method is an online solution. The algorithms have been simulated with the Kalman filter and were implemented on themicrocontroller of the tricopter.
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SILVA, Edson Alves da. "Um catálogo de regras para transformação automática de esquemas EER em código SQL-Relacional: uma visão MDD com foco em restrições estruturais não triviais." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18303.
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CNPq
Model Driven Development (MDD) é um paradigma para geração automática de código executável que utiliza modelos como o seu artefato primário. No escopo de Banco de Dados, apesar das regras para transformação de esquemas Enhanced Entity Relationship (EER) em código da Structured Query Language (SQL)-Relacional já terem sido amplamente exploradas na literatura, não se encontrou um trabalho que ao mesmo tempo especifique tradutores MDD capazes de transformar, automaticamente, esquemas EER em códigos SQL-Relacional e aborde restrições como: Participação em Relacionamento, Disjunção e Completude em Herança ou Categoria são transformadas em estruturas SQL-Relacional. Neste contexto, visando dar uma contribuição às limitações mencionadas, esta dissertação apresenta duas macros contribuições: 1) um Catálogo de regras para transformar um esquema EER em um esquema Relacional e este em código SQL; e 2) um algoritmo que especifica uma ordem correta para a execução automática destas regras. De modo a mostrar a viabilidade e aplicação prática deste trabalho, o Catálogo de regras de transformação e o algoritmo para automatização do Catálogo são codificados na linguagem Query/View/Transformation-Relations (QVT-R) e implementados na ferramenta EERCASE. A avaliação do trabalho foi feita a partir da transformação de esquemas EER (não triviais) em códigos SQLRelacional, os quais são conferidos por especialistas de Banco de Dados. Por fim, comparando o trabalho proposto com os trabalhos relacionados investigados, constatou-se que o trabalho desta dissertação avança o estado da arte, pois é o único que é baseado em MDD e garante que as restrições de Participação em Relacionamento, Disjunção e Completude em Herança ou Categoria sejam automaticamente geradas para serem garantidas diretamente pelo Sistema de Gerenciamento de Banco de Dados.
Model Driven Development (MDD) is a paradigm for automatic generation of executable code that uses models as its primary artifact. In the database scope, despite the rules for transformation of Enhanced Entity Relationship (EER) schemas in code of Structured Query Language (SQL)-Relational have already been widely explored in the literature, we did not find a work that, at the same time, specifies MDD translators capable of transforming, automatically, EER schemas in SQL-Relational codes and addresses restrictions such as: Participation in Relationship, Disjunction and Completeness in Inheritance or Category are transformed into SQL-relational structures. In this context, in order to contribute for the mentioned limitations, this dissertation presents two macro contributions: 1) a rule Catalog to transform an EER schema into a Relational schema and this SQL code; and 2) an algorithm that specifies a correct order for the automatic enforcement of these rules. In order to show the feasibility and practical application of this work, the Catalog of transformation rules and the algorithm for Catalog automation are encoded in Query/View/TransformationRelations (QVT-R) language and implemented in EERCASE tool. The evaluation of the work was made from the processing of EER schemas (nontrivial) in SQL-Relational codes, which are conferred by database experts. Finally, comparing the proposed work with the related work investigated, it was found that the proposed work advances the state of the art, as it is the only one that is based on MDD and ensures that the restrictions on Participation in Relationship, Disjunction in Inheritance and Completeness in Inheritance or Category are guaranteed by the Database Management System.
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Freij, Urban. "Modelldriven arkitektur förbättrar hanteringen av problemet med import av data till ER-modeller." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169048.
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I många sammanhang är det önskvärt att importera data från textfiler, excelfiler och liknande till en databas. För detta krävs att data i något skede översätts till en ER-modell (Entity Relationship), en modell som beskriver relevanta delar i ett databasschema. Modellen för hur denna översättning ser ut varierar från fall till fall. I det här examensarbetet har en applikation tagits fram för import av data till en ER-modell ur ett modellperspektiv i linje med Model Driven Architecture (MDA) ™. Vinsten ligger i att använda en metamodell som beskriver hur olika modeller för transformering från tabelldata till en ER-modell får se ut. Modellerna i sin tur beskriver hur transformeringen ska se ut. På så sätt kan flera olika modeller användas utan att ändringar i källkoden behöver göras. Metamodellen som beskriver transformeringen har visualiserats i ett klassdiagram. Klassdiagrammet beskriver schematiskt sambanden mellan tabeller som data ska importeras ifrån och den ER-modell som data ska överföras till. Metamodellen har transformerats till ett XML-schema. Modellerna som ska användas har skrivits i en XML-fil som följer den transformerade metamodellen.In many situations it is desirable to import data from text files, excel files and similar to a database. To do so the data needs to be translated at some stage to an ER model (Entity Relationship), i.e. a model describing relevant parts of a database schema. The approach for this translation varies from case to case. During this thesis an application has been developed to import data to an ER model from a modeling perspective, in line with the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) ™. The gain lies in using a metamodel that describes how different models for transformation from grid tables to an ER mode may look like. The models in turn describe how the transformation will look, thus allowing the usage of several different models without any need of changes to the source code. The metamodel describing the transformation of data can be visualized in a class diagram. The class diagram schematically describes the relationships between tables of data to be imported from and the ER model the data will be transferred to. Preferable is to write a model in an XML that conforms to the metamodel. Therefore the class diagram should be transformed into an XML schema that enables validation of the model in the XML file.
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Rosdal, David. "Missilstyrning med Model Predictive Control." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2748.
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This thesis has been conducted at Saab Bofors Dynamics AB. The purpose was to investigate if a non-linear missile model could be stabilized when the optimal control signal is computed considering constraints on the control input. This is particularly interesting because the missile is controlled with rudders that have physical bounds. This strategy is called Model Predictive Control. Simulations are conducted to compare this strategy with others; firstly simulations with step responses and secondly simulations when the missile is supposed to hit a moving target. The latter is performed to show that the missile can be stabilized in its whole area of operation. The simulations show that the controller indeed can stabilize the missile for the given scenarios. However, this control strategy does not show any obvious improvements in comparison with alternative ones.
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Morinelly, Sanchez Juan Eduardo. "Adaptive Model Predictive Control with Generalized Orthonormal Basis Functions." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1091.
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An adaptive model predictive control (MPC) method using models derived from orthonormal basis functions is presented. The defining predictor dynamics are obtained from state-space realizations of finite truncations of generalized orthonormal basis functions (GOBF). A structured approach to define multivariable system models with customizable, open-loop stable linear dynamics is presented in Chapter 2. Properties of these model objects that are relevant to the adaptation component of the overall scheme, are also discussed. In Chapter 3, non-adaptive model predictive control policies are presented with the definition of extended state representations through filter operations that enable output feedback. An infinite horizon set-point tracking policy which always exists under the adopted modeling framework is presented. This policy and its associated cost are included as the terminal stage elements for a more general constrained case. The analysis of robust stability guarantees for the non-adaptive constrained formulation is presented, under the assumption of small prediction errors. In Chapter 4, adaptation is introduced and the certainty equivalence constrained MPC policy is formulated under the same framework of its non-adaptive counterpart. Information constraints that induce the excitation of the signals relevant to the adaptation process are formulated in Chapter 5. The constraint generation leverages the GOBF model structure by enforcing a sufficient richness condition directly on the state elements relevant to the control task. This is accomplished by the definition of a selection procedure that takes into account the characteristics of the most current parameter estimate distribution. Throughout the manuscript, illustrative simulation examples are provided with respect to minimal plant models. Concluding remarks and general descriptions for potential future work are outlined in Chapter 6.
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Jansson, Hanna. "Affärsmodeller och det nya paradigmet Internet of Things : En fallstudie om Veolia Nordic med Canvas-modellen som analysverktyg." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30324.
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Idag talar forskare om en utveckling av digitaliseringen där allt är uppkopplat via ”Internet of Things” (IoT), eller på svenska ”Sakernas Internet”, som innebär att produkter förses med sensorer och inbyggda system. Dessa kan sedan kopplas upp mot Internet så att de olika produkterna kan kommunicera med sin omgivning. Även om forskare är oense om när detta nya paradigm kommer bryta ut, är de överens om att ett användande av IoT på rätt sätt medför fördelar då IoT optimerar och effektiviserar arbetsprocesser i företags värdekedjor. Vidare menar forskare att framgång inte längre är en fråga om teknologi, utan istället en fråga om transformationen hos företag samt vilka affärsmodeller som kan ta till vara på och skapa lönsamhet av denna utveckling. Tidigare forskning om affärsmodeller har fokuserat på innehållsmässiga aspekter i affärsmodellen och kommit fram med konceptuella modeller. En väletablerad sådan är canvas-modellen. Hur canvas-modellen kan användas i praktiken är däremot mindre utforskat. Syftet med denna uppsats har således varit att undersöka hur canvas-modellen fungerar i praktiken genom att utföra en fallstudie på Veolia Nordics nutida affärsmodell samt framtida visioner med hänsyn till Internet of Things (IoT). Uppsatsens undersökning visar att implementeringen av canvas-modellen på Veolias affärsmodell har begränsningar. I dagens ständigt föränderliga och konkurrensutsatta affärsmiljö krävs det att företag söker nya möjligheter samt utvärderar dessa mot affärssammanhang för att hitta en optimal passform. Detta innebär att företag, såsom Veolia, bör se affärsmodellen som en process som kräver progressiva förbättringar, snarare än en statisk bild över nutida data. Vidare anses canvas- modellen vara lämpligare att använda av företag som arbetar med produkter, snarare än tjänster. För att använda modellen som ett verktyg för strategiska beslut i ett företag som Veolia, är det lämpligt att den utvidgas till att karaktärisera fler byggstenar ur ett transformativt perspektiv. I utvecklingen av IoT skulle modellen exempelvis kunna anpassas utefter de särdrag inom paradigmet som forskare nämner i form av säkerhetsåtgärder och ansvarsfrågor då dessa är väsentliga att reflektera över vid beslutsfattande av strategiska initiativ. Sammanfattningsvis har studien visat vikten och nyttan av affärsmodeller samt behovet av att anpassa dessa till externa händelser såsom det nya paradigmet IoT.Many researchers are currently discussing a development of the digitalization, where everything is connected via Internet of Things (IoT), implying that products are equipped with sensors and embedded systems. These sensors can be connected to Internet in order to communicate with their environment. Although researchers disagree on when this new paradigm will happen, they agree that the usage of IoT entails advantages for companies’ value chains, as it optimizes work processes. Furthermore, researchers argues that success not longer is a question of technology, but rather a question of the transformation of companies, and which business models that could take advantage and generate profit from this development. Previous studies regarding business models are focused on substance of the business model, which have resulted in conceptual models. One well-established model is the canvas-model. The usage of the canvas-model in practice is however less explored. The purpose of this study was thus to examine how the canvas-model works in practice by conducting a case study on the contemporary business model of Veolia Nordic. Future visions with respect to IoT have also been examined. The result of the study implies that the canvas-model is inadequate when implementing it on the business model of Veolia. The business environment is constantly changing and competitive, and businesses need to find innovative possibilities and evaluate them against the business context in order to find optimal solutions. This entails that companies, such as Veolia, should look at the business model as a process that requires progressive improvement, rather than a static image of contemporary data. Furthermore, the canvas- model is considered to be better suited for companies focusing on products, rather than services. To use the model as a tool for strategic decisions in a company like Veolia, it is appropriate that the canvas-model is extended to characterize more building blocks from a transformative perspective. When looking at the development of IoT, the model could be further adapted along the specificities within the paradigm, for example along the terms of security and liability issues, as these are important to consider when making decisions about strategic initiatives. This study has shown the importance of business models and the need to adapt these to external occurrences, such as the new paradigm IoT.
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Greer, William Bryce. "Advanced Linear Model Predictive Control For Helicopter Shipboard Maneuvers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95031.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation focuses on implementing and analyzing advanced methods of model predictive control to control helicopters into stable flight near a ship and perform a soft touchdown from that state. A shrinking horizon model predictive control method is presented which can target specific states at specific times and take into account several important factors during landing. This controller is then used in simulation to perform a touchdown maneuver on a ship for a helicopter by targeting a landed state at a specific time. Increasing levels of fidelity are considered in the simulations. Computational power required reduces the closer the helicopter starts to the landing pad. An infinite horizon model predictive controller which allows simultaneous cost on state tracking, control energy, and control rates and allows tracking of an arbitrary equilibrium to infinity is then presented. It is applied in simulation to control a helicopter initially in a random flight condition far from a ship to slowly transition to stable flight near the ship, holding an arbitrary rough position relative to the ship indefinitely at the end. Three different target positions are simulated. This infinite horizon control method can be used to prepare for landing procedures that desire starting with the helicopter in some specific position in close proximity to the landing pad, such as the finite horizon method of landing control described previously which should start with the helicopter close to the ship to reduce computation power required. A method of constructing a landing envelope is then presented and used to construct a landing envelope for the finite horizon landing controller. A pre-existing method of combining linear controllers to account for nonlinearity is then slightly modified and used on implementations of the finite horizon landing controller to make a control that takes into account some of the nonlinearity of the problem. This control is tested in simulation.Doctor of Philosophy
This dissertation proposes and, using simulation, analyzes control algorithms and their use on helicopter shipboard operations. Various benefits and advances for controls in this area are suggested, tested, and discussed. The control methods presented and implemented, while not limited to these use cases, are particularly well suited for them. One control algorithm is used for controlling flight near the landing point on a ship and performing a soft touchdown on the ship. The algorithm is tested in simulation. Another algorithm is used to control a helicopter initially in flight far away from the ship to slowly transition to stable flight near the ship, holding a rough position relative to the ship indefinitely at the end. This control could be used to set up the helicopter for later use of the touchdown control. This control is also tested in simulation. A method of quantifying what conditions the touchdown controller has a relatively good chance of successfully landing in is then suggested. The range of conditions for which successful touchdown has a relatively high chance of being achieved along with an analysis of that likelihood is called the landing envelope. Using the landing envelope construction method with numerous simulations, a landing envelope for the touchdown controller is obtained. The touchdown controller assumes that the helicopter’s dynamics are linear. Helicopter dynamics (like most dynamics of real systems) are nonlinear. However, under conditions near the point that dynamics are linearized about, a linear approximation is sufficiently accurate. To improve on the above landing algorithm, a method of combining multiple specific implementations of the touchdown controller to help account for nonlinearity to improve the approximation of the dynamics that the controller assumes is then suggested and performed in simulation.
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Waldemarin, Ricardo Cacheta. "Suporte ao desenvolvimento e à integração de ontologias no domínio biomédico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/95/95131/tde-18112015-100645/.
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O surgimento e o uso crescente de novas tecnologias têm levado à produção e armazenamento de grandes volumes de dados biomédicos. Tais dados são provenientes de diferentes técnicas, armazenados em formatos de representação diversos e utilizados por diferentes ferramentas. Esta heterogeneidade representa um empecilho ao maior uso desses dados em abordagens integrativas de pesquisa como, por exemplo, a biologia sistêmica. Neste cenário, artefatos de modelagem conceitual, tais como ontologias, têm sido utilizados para organizar e integrar dados heterogêneos de uma forma coerente. A OBO Foundry representa, atualmente, o maior esforço no desenvolvimento de ontologias biomédicas de forma colaborativa. Dentre as ontologias desenvolvidas pela OBO Foundry, destaca-se Ontologia de Relacionamentos (RO-OBO). A RO-OBO provê definições formais para um conjunto de relacionamentos de propósito geral utilizados nas ontologias biomédicas e busca promover a criação de ontologias mais corretas e integráveis. Um perfil UML foi proposto para representar formalmente o conjunto de conceitos e relacionamentos existentes na RO-OBO. Este perfil permite desenvolver modelos UML utilizando os conceitos presentes nesta ontologia, bem como torna possível o desenvolvimento de suporte à validação sintática dos modelos criados em relação a um conjunto de restrições formalmente definidas. Adicionalmente, percebe-se na literatura que o suporte à integração de modelos UML e ontologias OBO, em particular as ontologias representadas na linguagem OBO File Format, é limitado. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral investigar o suporte ao desenvolvimento de ontologias biomédicas na linguagem UML. De forma específica, investigou-se o desenvolvimento de um editor gráfico, chamado OBO-RO Editor, para o suporte à construção de ontologias utilizando o perfil UML proposto, bem como a integração de ontologias desenvolvidas utilizando UML e ontologias desenvolvidas na linguagem OBO File Format. De forma a atingir nossos objetivos, uma arquitetura de referência foi definida e um processo de desenvolvimento orientado a modelos foi utilizado. A arquitetura definida é composta por uma série de artefatos inter-relacionados os quais são transformados (semi) automaticamente em código de aplicação, possibilitando a obtenção de ciclos de desenvolvimento mais rápidos e confiáveis. O OBO-RO Editor disponibiliza um conjunto de elementos gráficos de modelagem definidos a partir do perfil UML proposto, bem como provê mecanismos para a validação sintática (semi) automática de uma ontologia desenvolvida segundo as restrições definidas neste perfil. Adicionalmente, o OBO-RO Editor também provê suporte à integração de modelos UML a outras ontologias da OBO Foundry, permitindo o reuso e o desenvolvimento menos propenso a erros de ontologias no domínio biomédico.The development and increasing use of new technologies has resulted in the production and storage of a huge amount of biomedical data. These data are produced using different techniques, stored in different formats and consumed by different (software) tools. This heterogeneity hinders effective data usage in integrative research approaches, including systems biology. In this scenario, conceptual modeling artifacts, such as ontologies, have been used to organize and integrate heterogeneous data in a coherent manner. Nowadays, the OBO Foundry represents the most important effort for the collaborative development of ontologies in the biomedical domain. The OBO Relation Ontology (OBO-RO) can be considered one of the most relevant ontologies in the domain. This ontology provides formal definitions for a number of general purpose relationships used in biomedical ontologies, thus facilitating the integration of existing ontologies and the development of new ontologies in the domain. An UML profile has been proposed to formally define the different types of concepts and relationships provided by the OBO-RO. This profile enables the creation of UML models using such concepts and allows the development of support for the automatic validation of these models based on formal constraints. Additionally, the support for the integration between UML models and OBO ontologies, particularly ontologies represented using the OBO File Format, is limited. In this sense, this project aimed at investigating the support for the development of biomedical ontologies using UML. In particular, we investigated the development of a graphical editor, named OBO-RO Editor, to support ontology development using the proposed UML profile. Additionally, we also investigated the integration of ontologies developed using UML and ontologies developed using the OBO File Format. In order to achieve our goals, we have defined a reference architecture and a model-driven development process. The reference architecture consists of a number of related artifacts that are transformed to application code (semi) automatically. Such characteristic allowed us to obtain faster and more reliable development cycles. The OBO-RO Editor provides a number of graphical elements defined in the proposed UML profile for the modeling of biomedical ontologies and support the (semi) automatic syntactic validation of such ontologies against the contraints defined in the profile. Additionally, OBO-RO Editor also provides support for the integration of developed UML models and other OBO ontologies, allowing the reuse and the accurate development of biomedical ontologies.
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Marjanović, Vladimir. "The MPI/OmpSs parallel programming model." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398135.
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Even today supercomputing systems have already reached millions of cores for a single machine, which are connected by using a complex network interconnection. Reducing communication time across processes becomes the most important issue in order to achieve the highest possible performance. The Message Passing Interface (MPI), which is the most widely used programming model for large distributed memory, supports asynchronous communication primitives for overlapping communication and computation. However, these primitives are difficult to use and increase code complexity.
which then requiring more development effort and making less readable programs.
This thesis presents a new programming model, which allows the programmer to easily introduce the asynchrony necessary to overlap communication and computation. The proposed programming model is based on MPI and tasked based shared memory framework, namely OmpSs. The thesis further describes implementation details which in order to allow efficient inter-operation of the OmpSs runtime and MPI.
The thesis demonstrates the hybrid use of MPI/OmpSs with several applications of which the HPL benchmark is the most important case study. The hybrid MPI/OmpSs versions significantly improve the performance of the applications compared with their pure MPI counterparts. For the HPL we get close to the asymptotic performance at relatively small problem sizes and still get significant benefits at large problem sizes. In addition, the hybrid MPI/OmpSs approach substantially reduces code complexity and is less sensitive to network bandwidth and operating system noise than the pure MPI versions.
In addition, the thesis analyzes and compares current techniques for overlapping computation and collective communication, including approaches using point-to-point communications and additional communication threads, respectively. The thesis stresses the importance of understanding the characteristic of a computational kernel that runs concurrently with communication. Experimental evaluations is done using the Communication Computation Concurrent (CCUBE) synthetic benchmark, developed in this thesis, as well as the HPL.Las supercomputadoras están formadas por un creciente número de núcleos, del orden de millones en la actualidad, que se comunican a través de una compleja red de interconexión. Para obtener el más alto rendimiento posible es necesario reducir el tiempo de comunicación entre procesos. MPI ("Message Passing Interface", Interfaz de Paso de Mensajes), el modelo de programación más usado para grandes sistemas con memoria distribuida, permite llamadas de comunicación asíncrona para solapar la comunicación y la computación. Sin embargo, dichas llamadas son difíciles de usar e incrementan la complejidad del código, necesitándose un mayor esfuerzo en la implementación del código y dando lugar a programas más difíciles de leer. Esta tesis presenta un nuevo modelo de programación que permite al programador introducir fácilmente la asincronía necesaria para solapar la comunicación y la computación. El modelo de programación propuesto está fundamentado en MPI y la infraestructura basada en tareas y memoria compartida OmpSs. La tesis describe en profundidad los detalles de la implementación para la eficiente interoperabilidad entre OmpSs y MPI. En la tesis se demuestra el uso híbrido de MPI/OmpSs con distintas aplicaciones de las cuales el benchmark HPL es el más importante. La versión híbrida MPI/OmpSs mejora significativamente el rendimiento de las aplicaciones respecto a las versiones MPI originales. En el caso de HPL se acerca a un rendimiento asintótico para problemas relativamente pequeños, obteniendo mejoras significativas para problemas grandes. Además la versión híbrida MPI/OmpSs reduce substancialmente la complejidad del código y se ve menos afectada por el ancho de banda de la red y el ruido del sistema operativo que la versión MPI pura. Esta tesis también analiza y compara otros métodos actuales para solapar computación y comunicación colectiva, tales como usar comunicación punto a punto con hilos adicionales para la comunicación. La tesis resalta la importancia de entender las características de la computación que se ejecuta simultáneamente con la comunicación. Los resultados experimentales se han obtenido usando el benchmark sintético CCUBE ("Communication Computation Concurrent", Comunicación Computación Concurrente), desarrollado en esta tesis, además de HPL.
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Trevizan, Felipe Werndl. "Um modelo unificado para planejamento sob incerteza." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-15022010-161012/.
Full textAbstract:
Dois modelos principais de planejamento em inteligência artificial são os usados, respectivamente, em planejamento probabilístico (MDPs e suas generalizações) e em planejamento não-determinístico (baseado em model checking). Nessa dissertação será: (1) exibido que planejamento probabilístico e não-determinístico são extremos de um rico contínuo de problemas capaz de lidar simultaneamente com risco e incerteza (Knightiana); (2) obtido um modelo para unificar esses dois tipos de problemas usando MDPs imprecisos; (3) derivado uma versão simplificada do princípio ótimo de Bellman para esse novo modelo; (4) exibido como adaptar e analisar algoritmos do estado-da-arte, como (L)RTDP e LDFS, nesse modelo unificado. Também será discutido exemplos e relações entre modelos já propostos para planejamento sob incerteza e o modelo proposto.Two noteworthy models of planning in AI are probabilistic planning (based on MDPs and its generalizations) and nondeterministic planning (mainly based on model checking). In this dissertation we: (1) show that probabilistic and nondeterministic planning are extremes of a rich continuum of problems that deal simultaneously with risk and (Knightian) uncertainty; (2) obtain a unifying model for these problems using imprecise MDPs; (3) derive a simplified Bellman\'s principle of optimality for our model; and (4) show how to adapt and analyze state-of-art algorithms such as (L)RTDP and LDFS in this unifying setup. We discuss examples and connections to various proposals for planning under (general) uncertainty.
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Rey, Diana. "A Gasoline Demand Model for the United States Light Vehicle Fleet." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2351.
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The United States is the world's largest oil consumer demanding about twenty five percent of the total world oil production. Whenever there are difficulties to supply the increasing quantities of oil demanded by the market, the price of oil escalates leading to what is known as oil price spikes or oil price shocks. The last oil price shock which was the longest sustained oil price run up in history, began its course in year 2004, and ended in 2008. This last oil price shock initiated recognizable changes in transportation dynamics: transit operators realized that commuters switched to transit as a way to save gasoline costs, consumers began to search the market for more efficient vehicles leading car manufactures to close 'gas guzzlers' plants, and the government enacted a new law entitled the Energy Independence Act of 2007, which called for the progressive improvement of the fuel efficiency indicator of the light vehicle fleet up to 35 miles per gallon in year 2020. The past trend of gasoline consumption will probably change; so in the context of the problem a gasoline consumption model was developed in this thesis to ascertain how some of the changes will impact future gasoline demand. Gasoline demand was expressed in oil equivalent million barrels per day, in a two steps Ordinary Least Square (OLS) explanatory variable model. In the first step, vehicle miles traveled expressed in trillion vehicle miles was regressed on the independent variables: vehicles expressed in million vehicles, and price of oil expressed in dollars per barrel. In the second step, the fuel consumption in million barrels per day was regressed on vehicle miles traveled, and on the fuel efficiency indicator expressed in miles per gallon. The explanatory model was run in EVIEWS that allows checking for normality, heteroskedasticty, and serial correlation. Serial correlation was addressed by inclusion of autoregressive or moving average error correction terms. Multicollinearity was solved by first differencing. The 36 year sample series set (1970-2006) was divided into a 30 years sub-period for calibration and a 6 year "hold-out" sub-period for validation. The Root Mean Square Error or RMSE criterion was adopted to select the "best model" among other possible choices, although other criteria were also recorded. Three scenarios for the size of the light vehicle fleet in a forecasting period up to 2020 were created. These scenarios were equivalent to growth rates of 2.1, 1.28, and about 1 per cent per year. The last or more optimistic vehicle growth scenario, from the gasoline consumption perspective, appeared consistent with the theory of vehicle saturation. One scenario for the average miles per gallon indicator was created for each one of the size of fleet indicators by distributing the fleet every year assuming a 7 percent replacement rate. Three scenarios for the price of oil were also created: the first one used the average price of oil in the sample since 1970, the second was obtained by extending the price trend by exponential smoothing, and the third one used a longtime forecast supplied by the Energy Information Administration. The three scenarios created for the price of oil covered a range between a low of about 42 dollars per barrel to highs in the low 100's. The 1970-2006 gasoline consumption trend was extended to year 2020 by ARIMA Box-Jenkins time series analysis, leading to a gasoline consumption value of about 10 millions barrels per day in year 2020. This trend line was taken as the reference or baseline of gasoline consumption. The savings that resulted by application of the explanatory variable OLS model were measured against such a baseline of gasoline consumption. Even on the most pessimistic scenario the savings obtained by the progressive improvement of the fuel efficiency indicator seem enough to offset the increase in consumption that otherwise would have occurred by extension of the trend, leaving consumption at the 2006 levels or about 9 million barrels per day. The most optimistic scenario led to savings up to about 2 million barrels per day below the 2006 level or about 3 millions barrels per day below the baseline in 2020. The "expected" or average consumption in 2020 is about 8 million barrels per day, 2 million barrels below the baseline or 1 million below the 2006 consumption level. More savings are possible if technologies such as plug-in hybrids that have been already implemented in other countries take over soon, are efficiently promoted, or are given incentives or subsidies such as tax credits. The savings in gasoline consumption may in the future contribute to stabilize the price of oil as worldwide demand is tamed by oil saving policy changes implemented in the United States.M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering MS
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Andre, do Nascimento Allan. "Robust Model Predictive Control for Marine Vessels." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-247883.
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This master thesis studies the implementation of a Robust MPC controllerin marine vessels on different tasks. A tube based MPC is designed based onsystem linearization around the target point guaranteeing local input to statestability of the respective linearized version of the original nonlinear system.The method is then applied to three different tasks: Dynamic positioningon which recursive feasibility of the nominal MPC is also guaranteed, Speed-Heading control and trajectory tracking with the Line of sight algorithm.Numerical simulation is then provided to show technique’s effectiveness.Detta examensarbete studerar design och implementering av en robustmodellprediktiv regulator (MPC) för marina fartyg. En tub-baserad MPCär designad baserad på linjärisering av systemdynamiken runt en målpunkt,vilket garanterar local insignal-till-tillstånds stabilitet av det linjäriserade systemet.Metoden är sedan applicerad på tre olika uppgifter: dynamisk positionering,för vilken vi även kan garantera rekursiv lösbarhet för den nominellaregulatorn; riktningsstyrning; och banfötljning med en siktlinje-algoritm. Numeriskasimuleringsstudier bekräftar metodens effektivitet.
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Gupta, Aditya. "SIGNAL PROCESSING OF AN ECG SIGNAL IN THE PRESENCE OF A STRONG STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2206.
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This dissertation addresses the problem of elevation of the T wave of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the MRI, due to the strong static magnetic field the interaction of the blood flow with this strong magnetic field induces a voltage in the body. This voltage appears as a superimposition at the locus of the T wave of the ECG signal. This looses important information required by the doctors to interpret the ST segment of the ECG and detect diseases such as myocardial infarction. This dissertation aims at finding a solution to the problem of elevation of the T wave of an ECG signal in the MRI. The first step is to simulate the entire situation and obtain the magnetic field dependent T wave elevation. This is achieved by building a model of the aorta and simulating the blood flow in it. This model is then subjected to a static magnetic field and the surface potential on the thorax is measured to observe the T wave elevation. The various parameters on which the T wave elevation is dependent are then analyzed. Different approaches are used to reduce this T wave elevation problem. The direct approach aims at computing the magnitude of T wave elevation using magneto-hydro-dynamic equations. The indirect approach uses digital signal processing tools like the least mean square adaptive filter to remove the T wave elevation and obtain artifact free ECG signal in the MRI. Excellent results are obtained from the simulation model. The model perfectly simulates the ECG signal in the MRI at all the 12 leads of the ECG. These results are compared with ECG signals measured in the MRI. A simulation package is developed in MATLAB based on the simulation model. This package is a graphical user interface allowing the user to change the strength of magnetic field, the radius of the aorta and the orientation of the aorta with respect to the heart and observe the ECG signals with the elevation at the 12 leads of the ECG. Also the artifacts introduced due to the magnetic field can be removed by the least mean square adaptive filter. The filter adapts the ECG signal in the MRI to the ECG signal of the patient outside the MRI. Before the adaptation, the heart rate of the ECG outside the MRI is matched to the ECG in the MRI by interpolation or decimation. The adaptive filter works excellently to remove the T wave artifacts. When the cardiac output of the patient changes, the simulation model is used along with the adaptive filter to obtain the artifact free ECG signal.Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering PhD
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Shappee, Bartlett A. "Test First Model-Driven Development." Digital WPI, 2012. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/339.
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Test Driven Development (TDD), Model-Driven Development (MDD), and Test Case Generation with their associated practices and tools each in their own right promise to deliver robust higher quality code more economically then other approaches. These process are not mutually exclusive but are not typically used together. This thesis develops a combined approach using complimentary aspects of each of the above three process. Test cases are described, generated, and then injected back into the model, which is then used to produce the test and production code. We have enhanced a model-driven tool to support the approach, adding a test case generator, capable of understanding augmented MDD software model and utilizing the constraints captured in our test-centric language to generate model-level test cases back into the model. Our results show that, with a reduction in overall effort one can produce a tested model-based system in which its test and implementation for multiple platforms such as C and Java, using one of multiple test xUnit frameworks.
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Elliott, Matthew Stuart. "Decentralized model predictive control of a multiple evaporator HVAC system." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3001.
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Granfors, Ville, and Johan Waller. "Skapande av ett medlemskortsverktyg med hjälp av UML." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177502.
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Målet med detta examensarbete har varit att modellera och implementera ett system för att generera medlemskort för idrottsföreningar på uppdrag av Express-Bild AB. Genom deras webbsida vill företaget att man för en förening ska kunna skapa ett medlemskort. En medlem i föreningen ska sedan kunna ladda ner och visa sitt kort i Androidenheten. När kortet visas i mobilen ska det gå att tilta bilden då Androidenhetens position ändras från ett vertikalt läge till ett horisontellt. I samband med att kortet visas i ett vertikalt läge vill företaget att erbjudanden om rabatter och liknande ska visas i samma vy. Skapade kort ska även kunna administreras på sidan. För att åstadkomma detta har tre subsystem identifierats: Ett system för att skapa en mall för korten, ett för att ladda upp viktiga komponenter för korten och ett för att skapa, ladda ner och visa de individuella korten till enheten. Modeller för systemen upprättades i UML för att öka förståelsen av, och insikten i systemens uppbyggnad och funktion. Utifrån modellerna gjordes senare implementationen av systemen. Resultatet av arbetet blev ett system som uppfyllde de flesta av de krav som Express-Bild önskade se uppfyllda. Det enda kravet som inte uppfylldes var att kunna visa erbjudanden om rabatter i medlemskortets vy.The goal with this bachelor thesis has been to model and implement a system for generating membership cards for sports associations on behalf of Express-Bild AB. By using their webpage, the company wants a privileged user of an association to be able to create a membership card for the association. A member of the association should then be able to download and view the card in his android device. When the card is displayed in the device, it should be posible to rotate the card when the device is being tilted. When the card is displayed in a vertical position, should also offers about discounts be displayed in the same view. The possiblity to administrate these cards should exists on the webpage. To accomplish this, three subsystems has been indentified: One system for the creation of a card template, one for uploading important resourdces for the card, and one for creating, downloading and displaying the individual membership card to the device. Models for these systems were established in UML to increase the understanding, and the insight of the systems structure and functionality. These models were later used when implementing the systems. The result of the thesis was a system that fulfilled most of the requirements that Express-Bild had. The only requirement that was not implemented was the one about displaying offers in the membership card view.
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Andersson, Simeon, and Kim Strinnholm. "Autonom omkörning imotorvägsmiljö med Model Predictive Control." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230740.
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Ett viktigt steg för att kunna göra transporter på vägar säkrare runt om i världen är utvecklingen av autonoma fordon. I denna rapport designas en regulator för utförande av autonom omkörning i motorvägshastighet med hjälp av Model Predictive Control (MPC). MPC strukturen är designad och testad i en simulerad miljö för att kunna utvärdera regulatorernas prestanda. Fyra olika MPC strukturer är framtagna för att generera färdvägen för den autonoma omkörningen och en PID kontroller har tagits fram för att jämföra med. De fyra olika strukturerna planerar alla färdväg genom att introducera bivillkor, och skillnaden består i hur de formulerar dessa bivillkor. Från simuleringarna drar vi slutsatsen att MPC är ett bättre val av kontroller jämfört med PID för att styra autonoma fordon på grund av dess användbarhet, även om de är likvärdiga vad gäller snabbheten. För- och nackdelar med de olika MPC implementeringarna samt deras karaktäristik diskuteras och vi drar slutsatsen att den implementering som föredras är ett linjärt dynamiskt lutande bivillkor där formen av bivillkoret beskrivs explicit utanför MPC regulatorns struktur.An important step towards making road transportation safer around the world is the development of autonomous vehicles. In this paper a controller for performing autonomous overtaking at highway speeds using Model Predictive Control (MPC) is designed. The MPC framework is designed and tested in a simulated environment in order to evaluate the performance of the controller. Four different MPC frameworks are developed for generating paths for autonomous overtaking and a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is formulated for a general comparison. The four MPC frameworks all plan trajectories by introducing constraints; they differ in the way they formulate said constraints. From the simulations we conclude that MPC is a better controller choice than PID for the application of controlling autonomous vehicles because of the usability of MPC, even though they might be equally fast. The benefits and drawbacks of the MPC implementations and their characteristics are discussed, and we conclude that the preferred implementation is a linear sloped edge dynamic constraint where a disallowed area around the leading vehicle is explicitly defined outside of the MPC framework.
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Antognoli, Agnese <1981>. "Rag2-/-;gammac-/- immunodeficient mice, a new preclinical model to study antitumor approaches." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2333/.
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Animal models have been relevant to study the molecular mechanisms of cancer and to develop new antitumor agents. Anyway, the huge divergence in mouse and human evolution made difficult the translation of the gained achievements in preclinical mouse based studies. The generation of clinically relevant murine models requires their humanization both concerning the creation of transgenic models and the generation of humanized mice in which to engraft a functional human immune system, and reproduce the physiological effects and molecular mechanisms of growth and metastasization of human tumors. In particular, the availability of genotypically stable immunodepressed mice able to accept tumor injection and allow human tumor growth and metastasization would be important to develop anti-tumor and anti-metastatic strategies. Recently, Rag2-/-;gammac-/- mice, double knockout for genes involved in lymphocyte differentiation, had been developed (CIEA, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan). Studies of human sarcoma metastasization in Rag2-/-; gammac-/- mice (lacking B, T and NK functionality) revealed their high metastatic efficiency and allowed the expression of human metastatic phenotypes not detectable in the conventionally used nude murine model. In vitro analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the specific pattern of human sarcomas metastasization revealed the importance of liver-produced growth and motility factors, in particular the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). The involvement of this growth factor was then demonstrated in vivo through inhibition of IGF signalling pathway. Due to the high growth and metastatic propensity of tumor cells, Rag2-/-;gammac-/- mice were used as model to investigate the metastatic behavior of rhabdomyosarcoma cells engineered to improve the differentiation.
It has been recently shown that this immunodeficient model can be reconstituted with a human immune system through the injection of human cord blood progenitor cells. The work illustrated in this thesis revealed that the injection of different human progenitor cells (CD34+ or CD133+) showed peculiar engraftment and differentiation abilities. Experiments of cell vaccination were performed to investigate the functionality of the engrafted human immune system and the induction of specific human immune responses. Results from such experiments will allow to collect informations about human immune responses activated during cell vaccination and to define the best reconstitution and experimental conditions to create a humanized model in which to study, in a preclinical setting, immunological antitumor strategies.
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Zacchini, Federico <1986>. "Histological Study on Double Line of Intravenous Tacrolimus Infusion in Sla Defined Pig Model." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7336/.
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The immunosuppressive therapy still remains the only therapeutic strategy to control excessive immune activation following renal transplantation, but remain the problems related to excessive immunosuppression and in particular the toxicity due to high doses of immunosuppressive drugs such as calcineurin inhibitors. The present study has the aim of documenting, in a porcine animal model, the histological damage from calcineurin inhibitors using incremental doses of Tacrolimus, achieved in a limited amount of time, until it reaches toxic blood concentrations. We perform the study under different condition, like oral administration, intravenous infusion and with or without kidney transplant. It is noted that the damage is early, predominantly vascular and that affects different organs in addition to the kidneys. We also observe that the functional damage underestimates the structural damage.
The search for non-invasive methods for the identification of biomarkers of nephrotoxicity and rejection, and to better characterize the inflammation status, led us to conduct analysis of the exosomal content, allowing us to observe the presence of serum cytokines which, although in low amounts, suggest a possible role of these in the inflammatory process mediated by exosomal vesicles.
Finally, following the genetic SLA typing for the determination of the donors and the recipients, in an accessory project, we got a controlled and stable colony of pigs with SLA defined in homozygosis through the coupling of specific pathogen free pigs (SPF) for DQB-1 and SLA-1 genes.
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Sundbrandt, Markus. "Control of a Ground Source Heat Pump using Hybrid Model Predictive Control." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71369.
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The thesis has been conducted at Bosch Thermoteknik AB and its aim is to develop a Model Predictive Control (MPC) controller for a ground source heat pump which minimizes the power consumption while being able to keep the inside air temperature and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) temperature within certain comfortintervals. First a model of the system is derived, since the system consists of both continuous and binary states a hybrid model is used. The MPC controller utilizes the model to predict the future states of the system, and by formulating an optimizationproblem an optimal control is achieved. The MPC controller is evaluated and compared to a conventional controller using simulations. After some tuning the MPC controller is capable of maintaining the inside air and DHW temperature at their reference levels without oscillating too much. The MPC controller’s general performance is quite similar to the conventional controller, but with a power consumption which is 1-3 % lower. A simulation using an inside air temperature reference which is lowered during the night is also conducted, it achieved a power consumption which was 7.5 % lower compared to a conventional controller.
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Forss, Carl-Philip. "Analysis and Visualization of Validation Results." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119656.
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Usage of simulation models is an essential part in many modern engineering disci- plines. Computer models of complex physical systems can be used to expedite the design of control systems and reduce the number of physical tests. Model valida- tion tries to answer the question if the model is a good enough representation of the physical system. This thesis describes techniques to visualize multi-dimensional validation results and the search for an automated validation process. The work is focused on a simulation model of the Primary Environmental Control System of Gripen E, but can be applied on validation results from other simulation models. The result from the thesis can be divided into three major components, static validation, dynamic validation and model coverage. To present the results from the static validation different multi-dimensional visualization techniques are in- vestigated and evaluated. The visualizations are compared to each other and to properly depict the static validation status of the model, a combination of visual- izations are required. Two methods for validation of the dynamic performance of the model are examined. The first method uses the singular values of an error model estimated from the residual. We show that the singular values of the error model relay important information about the model’s quality but interpreting the result is a considerable challenge. The second method aims to automate a visual inspection procedure where interesting quantities are automatically computed. Coverage is a descriptor of how much of the applicable operating conditions that has been validated. Two coverage metrics, volumetric coverage and nearest neigh- bour coverage, are examined and the strengths and weaknesses of these metrics are presented. The nearest neighbour coverage metric is further developed to account for validation performance, resulting in a total static validation quantity.
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Lin, Dong. "Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling: Multiscale Study with Computational Models." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100903.
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Solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere (SW-M-I) coupling is investigated with three different computational models that characterize space plasma dynamics on distinct spatial/temporal scales. These models are used to explore three important aspects of SW-M-I coupling. A particle-in-cell (PIC) model has been developed to explore the kinetic scale dynamics associated with the magnetotail dipolarization front (DF), which is generated as a result of magnetotail reconnection. The PIC study demonstrates that the electron-ion hybrid (EIH) instability could relax the velocity shear within the DF via emitting lower hybrid waves. The velocity inhomogeneity driven instability is highlighted as an important mechanism for energy conversion and wave emission during the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling, which has been long neglected before. The Lyon-Fedder-Mobbary (LFM) global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model is used to explore the fluid scale electrodynamic response of the magnetosphere-ionosphere to the interplanetary electric field (IEF). It is found that the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) varies linearly with very large IEF if the solar wind density is high enough. With controlled experiments of global MHD modeling driven by observed parameters, the linearity was interpreted as a result of the magnetosheath force balance theory. This study highlights the role of solar wind density in the electrodynamic SW-M-I coupling under extreme driving conditions. The LFM-TIEGCM-RCM (LTR) model, which is the Coupled-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere (CMIT) model with Ring Current extension, is used to explore the integrated SW-M-I system. The LTR simulation study focuses on the subauroral polarization streams (SAPS), which involve both MHD and non-MHD processes and three-way coupling in the SW-M-I system. The global structure and dynamic evolution of SAPS are illustrated with state-of-the-art first-principle models for the first time. This study has successfully utilized multiscale models to characterize the forefront issues in the space plasma dynamics, which is required by the facts that plasmas have both particle and fluid featured properties and those properties are vastly different across geospace regions. It is highlighted that SW-M-I coupling could be significantly influenced by both microscopic and macroscopic processes. In order for a comprehensive understanding of the SW-M-I coupling, multiscale models and integrated framework of their combinations are critical.Doctor of Philosophy
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Wood, R. G. "Rossby waves in mid-latitude oceans." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379474.
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Kemppainen, Josefin. "Model Predictive Control for Heavy Duty Vehicle Platooning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för systemteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78963.
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The aim of platooning is to enable several vehicles to drive in a convoy while each vehicle is controlled autonomously in longitudinal direction. All vehicles in the platoon are equipped with WiFi and can therefore apply Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication. As a result, a short intermediate distance between the vehicles can be maintained. Reduction of the aerodynamic drag is the result of the short distance, which in turn, reduces the consumed fuel. This thesis is a part of a larger project, consisting of two other theses that investigate estimation of the sensor data. Other scenarios that may arise with the platooning concept, e.g. packet losses and time synchronization of the different sensors are also analyzed. The purpose of this master thesis is to develop and evaluate a Model Predictive Control (MPC) in the concept of platooning. The main focus lies on implementation of two types of MPC, centralized and distributed, and later on integration with the other two subsystems is performed. Results from the MPC itself are evaluated, principally in terms of fuel con- sumption and computational demand. The major part of the results are based on the complete system as one unit and covers different test scenarios such as WiFi loss and non-transmitting vehicle entering the platoon. A comparison of how much energy that is consumed by the engine between an HDV driving with its cruise control and an HDV driving in a platoon has been performed. With an intermediate distance of 10 meters, driving with varying velocity and ideal signals the energy consumption got reduced with an average of 11%.Syftet med platooning är att flera tunga fordon kör tätt efter varandra i ett fordonståg. Varje fordon regleras autonomt i longitudinell riktning och är utrustad med WiFi. Detta bidrar till att fordonen kan kommunicera med varandra och denna kommunikation, även kallad Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) - communication, leder till att det relativa avståndet mellan fordonen kan minskas, vilket i sin tur leder till minskat luftmotstånd och därmed minskad bränsleförbrukning. Detta examensarbete är en del av ett större projekt som består av ytterligare två examensarbeten. De andra två hanterar estimeringen av sensordata samt behandlar förlorat sensordata och tidssynkronisering av de olika sensorerna som används. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utveckla och utvärdera en MPC regu- lator i platooning sammanhang. Huvudfokuset ligger på implementeringen, både centraliserad och distribuerad MPC, och integreringen med de två andra delsystemen. Resultaten från enbart MPC utvärderas i termer av bränsleförbrukning och även beräkningskapactiet, då MPC är känt för att vara väldigt beräkningskrävan- de och är ofta en begränsning för hårdvaran. Den största delen av resultaten är baserade på hela systemet och täcker olika scenarion som exempelvis dålig WiFi uppkoppling och att icke−sändande fordon intar platoonen. En jämförelse av hur mycket energi motorn förbrukade har gjorts mellan ett tungt fordon som kör med farthållaren påslagen och ett tungt fordon som kör i en platoon. Med ett relativt avstånd på 10 meter, varierande hastighet och icke brusiga signaler kan bränsleförbrukning minskas med ett medel på approximativt 11%.
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Yoo, Dae Keun, and not supplied. "Model based wheel slip control via constrained optimal algorithm." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070125.163142.
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In a near future, it is imminent that passenger vehicles will soon be introduced with a new revolutionary brake by wire system which replaces all the mechanical linkages and the conventional hydraulic brake systems with complete 'dry' electrical components. One of the many potential benefits of a brake by wire system is the increased brake dynamic performances due to a more accurate and continuous operation of the EMB actuators which leads to the increased amount of possibilities for control in antilock brake system. The main focus of this thesis is on the application of a model predictive control (MPC) method to devise an antilock brake control system for a brake by wire vehicle. Unlike the traditional ABS control algorithms which are based on a trial and error method, the MPC based ABS algorithm aims to utilizes the behaviour of the model to optimize the wheel slip dynamics subject to system constraints. The final implementation of the wheel slip controller emb races decentralized control architecture to independently control the brake torque at each four wheel. Performance of the wheel slip controller is validated through Software-in-the-Loop and Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation. In order to support the high demands of the computational power and the real time constraints of the Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation, a novel multi processor real-time simulation system is developed using the reflective memory network and the off-the-shelf hardware components.
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Friedbaum, Jesse Robert. "Model Predictive Linear Control with Successive Linearization." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7063.
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Robots have been a revolutionizing force in manufacturing in the 20th and 21st century but have proven too dangerous around humans to be used in many other fields including medicine. We describe a new control algorithm for robots developed by the Brigham Young University Robotics and Dynamics and Robotics Laboratory that has shown potential to make robots less dangerous to humans and suitable to work in more applications. We analyze the computational complexity of this algorithm and find that it could be a feasible control for even the most complicated robots. We also show conditions for a system which guarantee local stability for this control algorithm.
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Froldi, Francesca <1984>. "Genetic analysis of tumour initiation and progression in a Drosophila model of epithelial cancer." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4835/.
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Neoplastic overgrowth depends on the cooperation of several mutations ultimately leading to major rearrangements in cellular behaviour. The molecular crosstalk occurring between precancerous and normal cells strongly influences the early steps of the tumourigenic process as well as later stages of the disease. Precancerous cells are often removed by cell death from normal tissues but the mechanisms responsible for such fundamental safeguard processes remain in part elusive. To gain insight into these phenomena I took advantage of the clonal analysis methods available in Drosophila for studying the phenotypes due to loss of function of the neoplastic tumour suppressor lethal giant larvae (lgl). I found that lgl mutant cells growing in wild-type imaginal wing discs are subject to the phenomenon of cell competition and are eliminated by JNK-dependent cell death because they express very low levels of dMyc oncoprotein compared to those in the surrounding tissue. Indeed, in non-competitive backgrounds lgl mutant clones are able to overgrow and upregulate dMyc, overwhelming the neighbouring tissue and forming tumourous masses that display several cancer hallmarks. These phenotypes are completely abolished by reducing dMyc abundance within mutant cells while increasing it in lgl clones growing in a competitive context re-establishes their tumourigenic potential.
Similarly, the neoplastic growth observed upon the oncogenic cooperation between lgl mutation and activated Ras/Raf/MAPK signalling was found to be characterised by and dependent on the ability of cancerous cells to upregulate dMyc with respect to the adjacent normal tissue, through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, thereby confirming its key role in lgl-induced tumourigenesis. These results provide first evidence that the dMyc oncoprotein is required in lgl mutant tissue to promote invasive overgrowth in developing and adult epithelial tissues and that dMyc abundance inside versus outside lgl mutant clones plays a key role in driving neoplastic overgrowth.
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Jansson, Andreas, and Erik Olsson. "Development of a Driver Model for Vehicle Testing." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102048.
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The safety requirements for vehicles are today high and they will become more stringent in the future. The car companies test their products every day to ensure that safety requirements are met. These tests are often done by professional drivers. If the car is tested in an everyday traffic situation, a normal experienced driver is desired. A drawback is that a human will eventually learn the manoeuvre he/she is told to do. An artificial driver is therefore to prefer to make the test repeatable. This thesis’ purpose is to develop and implement an artificial driver as a controller in order to follow a predefined trajectory. The driver model’s performance driving a double lane change manoeuvre should be as close to a real driver’s as possible. Data was gathered by inviting people to drive in a simulator. The results from the simulator tests were used to implement three different drivers with different experiences. The gathered data was used to categorize the test drivers into different driver types for each specific velocity by using the vehicle position from thetest results. This thesis studies the driver from a controller’s perspective and it resulted in two implemented controllers for reference tracking. The first approach was a Model Predictive Controller with reference tracking and the other approach was to use a FIR-filter in order to describe the drivers’ characteristics. A vehicle model was implemented in order to do the double lane change manoeuvre in a simulation environment together with the implemented driver model. The results show that the two approaches can be used for reference tracking. The MPC showed good results with the recreation of the test runs that were made by the categorized drivers. The FIR-filter had problems to mimic the drivers’ test runs and their characteristics. The advantage with MPC is its robustness, while the advantages with the FIR-filter are its, in comparison, simplicity in the implementation and the algorithm’s low computational cost. In order to make the FIR-filter more robust, some improvements have to be made. One improvement is to use gain scheduling in order to adjust the filter coefficients depending on thevelocity.De säkerhetskraven som idag ställs på fordon är höga och det kommer bli mer strikt i framtiden. Bilföretag testar sina bilar varje dag för att se om komponenterna och bilen klarar säkerhetskraven som ställs. Till dessa tester används professionella testförare. I en vardaglig trafiksituation är det önskvärt att en normalt erfaren bilförare utför testen. En mänsklig förare kommer använda sin inlärningsförmåga vid repeterande manöver, vilket inte är önskvärt. En artificiell förare är därför att föredra. Den artificiella föraren ska köra så likt en verklig förare som möjligt vid en "double lane change"- (DLC) manöver. Detta examensarbete har som avsikt att implementera en förare som en regulator för att kunna följa en förutbestämd trajektoria på samma sätt som en verklig förare. I detta examensarbete har "DLC"-manövern studerats. I examensarbetet har insamlad data från testförare använts för att kunna implementera tre olika förartyper med olika erfarenheter. Den insamlade datan användes till att kategorisera testförarna för varje särskild hastighet. Två tillvägagångssätt har gjorts med föraren, en där föraren är en modellbaserad prediktionsregulator med referensignalsföljning (MPC) och en där föraren implementeras som ett ändligt impulssvarsfilter (FIR-filter). En fordonsmodell har implementerats för att en "DLC"-manöver ska kunna testas i en simuleringsmiljö. Resultaten blev att de två metoderna klarade av referensföljningen. MPC:n var bra på att återskapa testförararnas körningar. FIR-filtret hade problem med att härma förarnas körningar och deras karaktäristik. Fördelen med MPC är dessrobusthet och fördelen med FIR-filtret är dess, i jämförelse, simplicitet vid implementering samt den låga beräkningskostnaden för algoritmen. För att göra FIR-filtret mer robust måste förbättringar göras. En förbättring är att använda gain scheduling för att anpassa filterkoefficienterna beroende på hastigheten.
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Islam, Aunul. "Catalytic hydrogenation of model coal extract mid-distillates." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38048.
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Norstedt, Erik, and Olof Bräne. "Model Predictive Climate Control for Electric Vehicles." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446435.
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This thesis explores the possibility of using an optimal control scheme called Model Predictive Control (MPC), to control climatization systems for electric vehicles. Some components of electric vehicles, for example the batteries and power electronics, are sensitive to temperature and for this reason it is important that their temperature is well regulated. Furthermore, like all vehicles, the cab also needs to be heated and cooled. One of the weaknesses of electric vehicles is their range, for this reason it is important that the temperature control is energy efficient. Once the range of electric vehicles is increased the down sides compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles decrease, which could lead to an increase in the usage of electric vehicles. This could in turn lead to a decrease of greenhouse gas emission in the transportation sector. With the help of MPC it is possible for the controller to take more factors into consideration when controlling the system than just temperature and in this thesis the power consumption and noise are also taken into consideration. A simple model where parts of the climate system’s circuits were seen as point masses was developed, with nonlinear heat transfers occurring between them, which in turn were controlled by actuators such as fans, pumps and valves. The model was created using Simulink and MATLAB, and the MPC toolbox was used to develop nonlinear MPC controllers to control the climate system. A standard nonlinear MPC, a nonlinear MPC with custom cost functions and a PI controller where all developed and compared in simulations of a cooling scenario. The controllers were designed to control the temperatures of the battery, power electronics and the cab of an electric vehicle. The results of the thesis indicate that MPC could reduce power consumption for the climate control system, it was however not possible to draw any final conclusions as the PI controller that the MPC controllers were compared to was not well optimized for the system. The MPC controllers could benefit from further work, most importantly by applying a more sophisticated tuning method to the controller weights. What was certain was that it is possible to apply this type of centralized controller to very complex systems and achieve robustness without external logic. Even with the controller keeping track of six different temperatures and controlling 15 actuators, the control loop runs much faster than real time on a modern computer which shows promise with regard to implementing it on an embedded system.
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Zikra, Iyad. "Integration of Enterprise Modeling and Model Driven Development : A Meta-Model and a Tool Prototype." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-103698.
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The use of models for designing and developing Information Systems (IS) has changed in recent years. Models are no longer considered a peripheral documentation medium that is poorly maintained and often neglected. Rather, models are increasingly seen as essential parts of the final product—as central artifacts that drive and guide the development efforts. The knowledge that modelers rely on when designing models is represented as formal models and clearly defined rules for transforming the models. The flexibility, reliability, and effectiveness offered by the formal models and the transformations are making Model Driven Development (MDD) a popular choice for building IS. Models also serve in describing enterprise design, where enterprise-level models capture organizational knowledge and aid in understanding, improving, and growing the enterprise. Enterprise Modeling (EM) offers a structured and unified view of the enterprise, thereby enabling more informed and accurate decisions to be made. Many MDD approaches have been proposed to tackle a wide range of IS-related issues, but little attention is being paid to the source of the knowledge captured by the IS models. EM approaches capture organizational knowledge and provide the necessary input and underlying context for designing IS. However, the results produced by EM approaches need to be manually analyzed by modelers to create the initial MDD model. This interruption of the MDD process represents a gap between enterprise models and MDD models. Limited research has been done to connect EM to MDD in a systematic and structured manner based on the principles of model-driven development. This thesis proposes a unifying meta-model for integrating EM and MDD. The meta-model captures the inherent links that exist between organizational knowledge and IS design. This helps to improve the alignment between organizational goals and the IS that are created to support them. The research presented herein follows the guidelines of the design science research methodology. It starts with a state-of-the-art survey of the current relationship between MDD and prior stages of development. The findings of the survey are used to elicit a set of necessary properties for integrating EM and MDD. The unifying meta-model is then proposed as the basis for an integrated IS development approach that applies the principles of MDD and starts on the enterprise level by considering enterprise models in the development process. The design of the meta-model supports the elicited integration properties. The unifying meta-model is based on the Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD) approach to EM. A prototype tool is developed to support the unifying meta-model, following a study to choose a suitable implementation environment. The use of the unifying meta-model is demonstrated through the implemented tool platform using an example case study, revealing its advantages and highlighting the potential for improvement and future development.
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Maheo, Aurèle. "Improving the Hybrid model MPI+Threads through Applications, Runtimes and Performance tools." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS039V/document.
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Afin de répondre aux besoins de plus en plus importants en puissance de calcul de la part des applicationsnumériques, les supercalculateurs ont dû évoluer et sont ainsi de plus en plus compliqués àprogrammer. Ainsi, en plus de l’apparition des systèmes à mémoire partagée, des architectures ditesNUMA (Non Uniform Memory Access) sont présentes au sein de ces machines, fournissant plusieursniveaux de parallélisme. Une autre contrainte, la diminution de la mémoire disponible par coeur decalcul, doit être soulignée. C’est ainsi que des modèles parallèles tels que MPI (Message Passing Interface)ne permettent plus aux codes scientifiques haute performance de passer à l’echelle et d’exploiterefficacement les machines de calcul, et doivent donc être combinés avec d’autres modèles plus adaptésaux architectures à mémoire partagée. OpenMP, en tant que modèle standardisé, est un choix privilégiépour être combiné avec MPI. Mais mélanger deux modèles avec des paradigmes différents est unet âche compliquée et peut engendrer des goulets d’étranglement qui doivent être identifiés. Cette thèsea pour objectif d’aborder ces limitations et met en avant plusieurs contributions couvrant divers aspects.Notre première contribution permet de r éduire le surcoût des supports exécutifs OpenMP en optimisantle travail d’activation et de synchronisation des threads OpenMP pour les codes MPI+OpenMP. Dansun second temps, nous nous focalisons sur les opérations collectives MPI. Notre contribution a pourbut d’optimiser l’opération MPI Allreduce en réutilisant des unités de calcul inoccupées, et faisant intervenirdes threads OpenMP. Nous introduisons également le concept de collectives unifiées, impliquantdes tâches MPI et des threads OpenMP dans une même opération. Enfin, nous nous intéressons àl’analyse de performance et plus précisément l’instrumentation des applications MPI+OpenMP, et notredernière contribution consiste en l’implémentation et l’ évaluation de l’outil OpenMP Tools API (OMPT)dans le support exécutif OpenMP du framework MPC. Cet outil nous permet d’instrumenter des constructionsOpenMP et de conduire une analyse axée aussi bien du côté des applications que dessupports d’exécutionTo provide increasing computational power for numerical simulations, supercomputers evolved and arenow more and more complex to program. Indeed, after the appearance of shared memory systemsemerged architectures such as NUMA (Non Uniform Memory Access) systems, providing several levelsof parallelism. Another constraint, the decreasing amount of memory per compute core, has to bementioned. Therefore, parallel models such as Message Passing Interface (MPI) are no more sufficientto enable scalability of High Performance applications, and have to be coupled with another modeladapted to shared memory architectures. OpenMP, as a de facto standard, is a good candidate to bemixed with MPI. The principle is to use this model to augment legacy codes already parallelized withMPI. But hybridizing scientific codes is a complex task, bottlenecks exist and need to be identified. Thisthesis tackles these limitations and proposes different contributions following various aspects. Our firstcontribution reduces the overhead of the OpenMP layer by optimizing the creation and synchronizationof threads for MPI+OpenMP codes. On a second time, we target MPI collective operations. Our contributionconsists in proposing a technique to exploit idle cores in order to help the operation, with theexample of MPI Allreduce collective. We also introduce unified Collectives involving both MPI tasks andOpenMP threads. Finally, we focus on performance analysis of hybrid MPI+OpenMP codes, and ourlast contribution consists in the implementation of OpenMP Tools API (OMPT), an instrumentation tool,inside the OpenMP runtime of MPC framework. This tool allows us to instrument and profile OpenMPconstructs and allows the analysis of both runtime and application sides
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Edwards, T., and A. Geldenhuys. "Challenges for mid-level commanders in the South African National Defence Force : management model and training needs." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 6, Issue 1: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/395.
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Public ArticleThe Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996) and conclusive Acts record that effective human-resource management, career-development and training practices must be cultivated to maximise human potential. The unique nature and wide range of activities of the South African National Defence Force assign exceptional demands on the management expertise of military commanders. Therefore, the importance of effective training and for the purpose of this article, effective management training for mid-level commanders is indisputable. Against this background, a new management model is presented and the resulting training needs are empirically investigated in this article. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the survey, targeted 165 mid-level commanders in the South African National Defence Force. The empirical results of the study suggested that the existing management training for mid-level commanders fails to meet expectations primarily because of the non-existence of an appropriate management model. Thus, the article present a contemporary management model as foundation for management training of mid-level commanders in the South African National Defence Force. The management model also sanctions applicable standards for the development of management skills and appropriate competencies of military commanders.
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Joo, Nathalie. "Schematerapeuters arbete med modes : Hur arbetar de med modes och vad lär modesmodellen deras patienter?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-62089.
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I studien undersöktes schematerapeuters arbete med modes, vilket är ett begrepp som utvecklats för att klassificera dimensionella tillstånd av vår personlighet. Syftet var att få en djup bild av hur terapeuterna använder sig av modesmodellen samt hur de anser att den kommer patienten till nytta. Dessutom har studien syftat till att ta reda på hur terapeuterna använder sig av sina egna modes i terapirummet och vilka fallgropar det finns i modellen. En kvalitativ, semistrukturerad metod användes och fem certifierade schematerapeuter intervjuades. Datan är analyserad utifrån en tematisk analys med fyra teman, vilka är terapeutens användningsområde av modes, modellens funktionalitet för patienten, terapeutens modes och fallgropar. I resultatet rörande terapeutens användningsområde av modes framkom att terapeuterna arbetar med modes utifrån två huvudinriktningar. Dels använder de sig av modes som förståelsemodell för att få en tydlig bild av patienten och sig själva i terapin, samt att de integrerar patienten i arbetet kring modes. Vad gäller temat om modellens funktionalitet för patienten framkom två kategorier, nytt synsätt och struktur. Terapeuterna ansåg att patienterna lärde sig ett nytt synsätt och att modellen gav struktur. I underkategorierna framkom att patienterna fick en flerdimensionell syn på sig själva, att modellen erbjöd dem alternativ, dämpade deras inre kritiker och lärde dem att se när de blev ”kidnappade” av ett mode. Terapeuterna ansåg också att patienterna hade mycket lätt att ta till sig modesmodellen, att den kunde hjälpa patienter även med enklare problematik och att den kunde vara till hjälp för att patienterna skulle få tillgång till sin sårbara sida. Under temat schematerapeuters egna modes framkom två kategorier, hur de använder sig av sina egna modes och vilka av deras egna modes som kan påverka terapin negativt. Resultatet visade att terapeuter använder sina egna modes genom att analysera dem i terapisamtalet, att de använde sin egen sårbarhet för att skapa kontakt med patienten samt för att avgöra vilket mode patienten befann sig i. De modes som de kunde hamna i som var negativa för patienten var dysfunktionella copingmodes och dysfunktionella internaliserade föräldermodes. Temat fallgrop visade att det kan vara svårt att skilja modes ifrån varandra.
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Borisuk, Mark T. "Bifurcation Analysis of a Model of the Frog Egg Cell Cycle." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29605.
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Fertilized frog eggs (and cell-free extracts) undergo periodic oscillations in the activity of "M-phase promoting factor" (MPF), the crucial triggering enzyme for mitosis (nuclear division) and cell division. MPF activity is regulated by a complex network of biochemical reactions. Novak and Tyson, and their collaborators, have been studying the qualitative and quantitative properties of a large system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that describe the molecular details of this system as currently known. Important clues to the behavior of the model are provided by bifurcation theory, especially characterization of the codimension-1 and -2 bifurcation sets of the differential equations. To illustrate this method, I have been studying a system of 9 ordinary differential equations that describe the frog egg cell cycle with some fidelity. I will describe the bifurcation diagram of this system in a parameter space spanned by the rate constants for cyclin synthesis and cycling degradation. My results suggest either that the cell cycle control system should show dynamical behavior considerably more complex than the limit cycles and steady states reported so far, or that the biochemical rate constants of the system are constrained to avoid regions of parameter space where complex bifurcation points unfold.Ph. D.
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Karlsson, Lisa. "Potential för produktion i kantzoner att gynna både miljön och människan : En litteraturstudie med fokus på kolinlagring, näringsläckage och biologisk mångfald." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-36392.
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Kantzoner har en lång tradition i odlingslandskapet och används i dag som en miljöåtgärd som finansieras med ersättningar för att minska näringsläckage från åkrarna och bevara biologisk mångfald. Behovet av denna typ av åtgärder är en konsekvens av människans utnyttjande av naturen, där denna formats för att anpassa mänskliga behov med begränsad hänsyn för hur naturen påverkas av detta. Metoder för hållbar utveckling efterfrågas och med detta i åtanke tillägnas fokus i denna litteraturstudie kantzonernas potential att bidra med värden för både miljö och människa. Studien riktar sig mot möjligheten att skapa naturliga habitat där de mänskliga insatserna bidrar med positiva värden för naturen, samtidigt som hon kan ta del av de värden som produceras i kantzonen. Resultatet visar på att det finns en god möjlighet att producera biomassa samtidigt som produktionen i sig gynnar inbindningen av kol, minskar näringsläckage och ökar den biologiska mångfalden. Potentialen för kolinbindning beräknas vara 31% högre i gräsmarker jämfört med åkermark vilket genererar en möjlig kolinlagring på 95 ton/hektar. Kantzonerna kan även minska näringsläckagen då de uppmätts kunna bromsa 60-80% av det fosfor och 40-80% av det kvävet som passerar kantzonen. Vad gäller den biologiska mångfalden så kan kantzoner erbjuda habitat som kan härbärgera fler arter samt fler individer inom arterna.
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Fazio, Chiara <1985>. "Possible Chemopreventive Role Of Eicosapentaenoic Acid In An In Vitro Model Of Inflammatory-Driven Colorectal Cancer." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7452/.
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The Notch1 signaling pathway has a pivotal role in cell fate regulation and has been found to be critically deranged in different cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Inflammation is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRC and a prominent function of Notch1 during inflammation has been recently demonstrated. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), a crucial process in the malignant transformation, is modulated by inflammation and Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) is involved in this interaction. Eicosapentaenoic Acid is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFA) known for its anti-inflammatory properties as well as for its capability in preventing colon cancer development both in sporadic and in hereditary settings. In particular, our group has demonstrated that an extra-pure formulation of Eicosapentaenoic Acid as the free fatty acid (EPA-FFA) protects from CRC development in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by modulating the Notch signaling pathway. In the present work, we re-created an in vitro model of inflammatory-driven CRC by exposing colon cancer cells to a cytokine-enriched conditioned medium (CM) obtained from THP-1-differentiated macrophages. We found, for the first time, that CM strongly induces Notch1 signaling and EMT markers, increasing the capability of cells to invade. Importantly we found that, upon CM exposure, Notch1 signaling is dependent on MMP9 expression. Finally, we show that a non-cytotoxic pre-treatment with 50 μM of EPA-FFA for 72h counteracts the effect of inflammation on Notch1 signaling and EMT, leading to a reduction of invasiveness. Taken together, our data demonstrate that in CRC inflammation up-regulates Notch1 signaling through MMP9 and that this mechanism can be effectively counteracted by EPA-FFA.
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Dimberg, Peter. "Fosforprocesser i Bornsjön, Stockholms reservvattentäkt - dynamisk massbalansmodellering med LakeMab." Thesis, Uppsala University, LUVAL, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-114196.
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Bornsjön är Stockholms viktigaste reservvattentäkt och kan tillgodose staden med dricksvatten i flera månader om Mälaren skulle slås ut. Det är därför viktigt att Bornsjön håller en god vattenkvalitet. Under de senaste åren har vattenkvaliteten avseende totalfosfor i Bornsjön försämrats. Hög belastning av fosfor kan leda till övergödning i en sjö. När en sjö är övergödd uppstår ökad syreförbrukning som kan leda till syrebrist. Vid syrebrist frigörs fosfor från sediment och det blir större näringstillgång som bidrar till mer övergödning. Övergödning beror ofta på utsläpp från punktkällor, till exempel från avloppsvattenutsläpp, men kan även bero på diffusa utsläpp från jordbruksmark och skog inom avrinningsområdet.
Syftet med examensarbetet var att förstå vilka fosforprocesser som är viktiga för Bornsjönsom ekosystem och med den dynamiska massbalansmodellen LakeMab utvärdera olika realistiska åtgärder för att minska belastningen av totalfosfor. Marken runt Bornsjön ägs av Stockholm Vatten och med resultaten från detta arbete ska Stockholm Vatten få olika förslag på vilka åtgärder som bör prioriteras. Resultat från andra kända modeller har även jämförts med LakeMabs resultat.
Studien visade att det är möjligt att reglera belastningen av totalfosfor på Bornsjön genom till exempel införande av vallodling, minskning av åkerareal och genom minskade utsläpp från enskilda avlopp. Dessa olika åtgärder kan kombineras för ökad effekt. Det är även möjligt att sänka totalfosforkoncentrationen i sjön genom att sänka sjöns pH-värde. Detta är dock en åtgärd som inte rekommenderas på grund av att en förändring av det naturliga pH-värdet påverkar ekosystemet.
För att i framtiden kunna göra liknande studier med mer tillförlitliga resultat bör provtagningsprogrammet i dikena utökas, speciellt vid kraftig nederbörd då fosforläckaget från marken är större.
Lake Bornsjön is Stockholm’s most important reserve water source and can supply the city with drinking water for several months in case Mälaren would be polluted. Thus it is important to maintain the water quality of Bornsjön. In the last years the quality of the drinking water has in reference to total phosphorus in Bornsjön degraded. High load of phosphorus leads to eutrophication in lakes. When a lake is eutrophicated the respiration increases, which may lead to a lack of oxygen in the water. At reduced conditions of oxygen, phosphorus will be released from the sediments which lead to an increased eutrophication. Eutrophication is often the result of anthropogenic point sources, for example waste water treatment plants, but can also be due to diffuse sources like agricultural and forests within the catchment area.
The purpose with this Master degree project was to understand which phosphorus processesare important for Bornsjön as an ecosystem and with the dynamic mass balance model LakeMab evaluate different realistic actions to decrease the load of total phosphorus. Most of the catchment area around Bornsjön is owned by Stockholm Vatten and the aim of this project is to recommend Stockholm Vatten which actions should be prioritized. Also, results from other models have been compared with the results from LakeMab.
This study showed that it is possible to regulate the load of total phosphorus to Bornsjön, for example with ley farming, less agricultural area and decreased load from individual sewage systems. These different actions can be combined for an increased effect. It is even possible to lower the concentration of the total phosphorus in the lake by decreasing its pH-value. However, this action is not recommended because a change of the natural pH will affect the ecosystem.
To make similar studies in the future with more reliable results it is important to extend the sample scheme for the ditches, especially at occasions with high precipitation which leads to increased phosphorus leakage from the soil.
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Oldaeus, Almerén Anna. "Kvalitetshöjande förbättringsinsatser inom cancervården : En fallstudie med fokus på behov." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Kvalitetsförbättring och ledarskap inom hälsa och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27308.
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Syfte: Att skapa förutsättningar för en förbättrad cancervård, genom att fördjupa kunskapen och förståelsen om behov hos huvud- och halscancerpatienter under cancerprocessen. Därutö- ver önskas ett förbättrat omhändertagande genom att implementera och utvärdera kvalitetshö- jande förbättringsinsatser. Satsningen ska resultera i en trygg och smidig resa genom vården med ett minimum av avbrott mellan olika vårdhändelser. Metod: Patientens vårdkedja studerades med en fallstudie, utifrån en aktionsforskningsansats. Behoven identifierades med patientskuggning, reflektion från observationer och semistruktu- rerade fokusgruppsintervjuer med mikrosystemet, före (referensgrupp) och efter intervention (jämförelsegrupp). Analys genomfördes med kvalitativ innehållsanalys och Kano-modell. Resultat: En fast vårdkontakt var en viktig faktor i vårdkedjan. Den fasta vårdkontakten till- mötesgick behov såsom trygghet och tillgänglighet, vilket medförde en smidigare vårdkedja. Under hela vårdförloppet fanns ett stort behov av stöd, praktiskt liksom psykosocialt, från både profession och närstående. Oberoende av position i vårdkedjan önskades individanpas- sad information och ett gott bemötande. Interventionsgruppen rapporterade bättre tillgänglig- het och stöd i förhållande till jämförelsegruppen, som inte hade tillgång till kontaktsjukskö- terska. Involvering av hela mikrosystemet vid analys med Kano-modell medför att behov och förbättringsmöjligheter identifieras och valideras. Slutsatser: En kontaktsjuksköterska kan utgöra en fast vårdkontakt som tillmötesgår och sä- kerställer cancerpatienters behov. Närstående är en viktig del av mikrosystemet och måste beredas utrymme och resurser. En förbättringsinsats genom implementering av kontaktsjuk- sköterska, utformning av nutritions- och kvalitetsregisterrutiner baserat på patientens behov bidrar till god vård och minskar risken för resursslöseri. Studien har även bidragit med fördju- pad kunskap gällande applicering av Kano-modellen i Hälso- och sjukvårdsmiljö.Purpose: To create opportunities for an improved cancer care, by providing deeper knowledge and understanding of the needs of head and neck cancer patients during the cancer treatment process. Furthermore, to improve care for these patients by implementing and eval- uating QI efforts. This will result in a safe and smooth journey through the care with a mini- mum of disruption. Method: The cancer treatment process was examined in a case study with an action research approach. Patient needs were identified by patient-shadowing, observational reflections and focus groups-interviews with the microsystem, before (non-intervention group) and after in- tervention (intervention group). The data analysis involved qualitative content analysis in- formed by Kano’s quality model. Results: A contact nurse (CN) was an important factor. The CN provided a sense of security and accessibility, giving patients a smoother trajectory of care. Continual support was needed, regarding both, practical and psychosocial matters, from both professionals and relatives. Re- gardless of position in the continuum of care, individual information and good reception was required. Members of the intervention group reported better accessibility and support com- pared to the non-intervention group members, who were not offered a CN. Conclusion: A CN can provide a continual health care contact; meeting and ensuring that the needs of cancer patients are met. Relatives are an important part of the microsystem and should be given space and resources. An improvement effort by implementing routines for a CN, quality registry and nutrition, based on patient needs will facilitate good care and opti- mise resources. The study has also contributed to deeper knowledge of how to use the Kano model in health care.
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Sivaraman, Gokul. "Development of PMSM and drivetrain models in MATLAB/Simulink for Model Based Design." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301027.
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When developing three-phase drives for Electric Vehicles (EVs), it is essential to verify the controller design. This will help in understanding how fast and accurately the torque of the motor can be controlled. In order to do this, it is always better to test the controller using the software version of the motor or vehicle drivetrain than using actual hardware as it could lead to component damage when replicating extreme physical behavior. In this thesis, plant modelling of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) and vehicle drivetrain in MATLAB/Simulink for Model Based Design (MBD) is presented. MBD is an effective method for controller design that, if adopted can lead to cost savings of 25%-30% and time savings of 35%-40% (according to a global study by Altran Technologies, the chair of software and systems engineering and the chair of Information Management of the University of Technology in Munich) [1]. The PMSM plant models take effects like magnetic saturation, cross- coupling, spatial harmonics and temperature into account. Two PMSM models in d-q frame based on flux and inductance principles were implemented. Flux, torque maps from Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and apparent inductance from datasheets were used as inputs to the flux- and inductance-based models, respectively. The FEA of PMSM was done using COMSOL Multiphysics. The PMSM model results were compared with corresponding FEA simulated results for verification. A comparison of these PMSM models with conventional low fidelity models has also been done to highlight the impact of inclusion of temperature and spatial harmonics. These motor models can be combined with an inverter plant model and a controller can be developed for the complete model. Low frequency oscillations of drivetrain in EVs lead to vibrations which can cause discomfort and torsional stresses. In order to control these oscillations, an active oscillation damping controller can be implemented. For implementation of this control, a three-mass mechanical plant model of drivetrain with an ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) wheel speed sensor has been developed in this thesis. Analysis of the model transfer function to obtain the pole zero maps was performed. This was used to observe and verify presence of low frequency oscillations in the drivetrain. In order to include the effects of ABS wheel speed sensor and CAN communication, a model was developed for the sensor.Testning av regulatorernas inställningar med hänsyn till snabbhet och noggrannhet i momentreglering är avgörande i trefasiga drivsystem för elektriska fordon. Oftast är det bättre att simulera i stället för att utföra experimentella tester där komponenter kan skadas på grund av fysisk stress. Detta kallas för Model Based Design (MBD). MBD är an effektiv metod för utformningen av styrningen som kan leda till kostnadsbesparingar på 25%-30% och tidsbesparingar på 35%-40% enligt en studie från Altran Technologies i samarbete med Tekniska universitet i München, TUM. Detta examensarbete behandlar en modell för en synkronmaskin med permanentmagneter (PMSM) samt en modell för drivlinan utvecklad i Matlab/Simulink för MBD. PMSMs modellen inkluderar magnetisk mättnad och tvärkoppling, MMF övervågor och temperatur. Två PMSM modeller har utvecklats. Den första baseras på magnetiskt flöde som erhålls från finita element beräkningar i COMSOL Multiphysics medan den andra bygger på induktanser givna från datablad. En jämförelse av dessa PMSM-modeller med konventionella low fidelity-modeller har också gjorts för att illustrera påverkan temperaturberoende och MMF övervågor. Modellerna kan kombineras med en växelriktarmodell för att utveckla en hel styrenhet. Lågfrekventa oscillationer i drivlinan leder till vibrationer som kan orsaka vridspänningar och försämra komforten i elfordonet. En aktiv dämpningsregulator kan implementeras för att kontrollera spänningarna men en mekanisk drivlinemodell med tre massor och en ABS (anti-lock braking system) hastighetssensor behövs. Den mekaniska modellen har implementerats och analyserats även beaktande en modell för en CAN kommunikationskanal. Oscillationer med låg frekvens kunde observeras i modellen.
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Sha'Aban, Yusuf. "Regulatory level model predictive control." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/regulatory-level-model-predictive-control(1cca6fc1-8473-4191-8edd-06ddb0884040).html.
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The need to save energy, cut costs, and increase profit margin in process manufactureincreases continually. There is also a global drive to reduce energy use and cut down co2 emission and combat climate change. These in turn have led to more stringent requirements on process control performance. Hence, the requirements for modern systems are often not achievable using classical control techniques. Therefore, advanced control strategies are often required to ensure optimal process performance. Despite these challenges, PID has continued to be the dominant industrial control scheme. However, for systems with complex dynamics and/or high performance requirements, PID control may not be sufficient. Therefore, a significant number of industrial control loops are not performing optimally and more advanced control than PID may be required in order to achieve optimal performance. MPC is one of the advanced control schemes that has had a significant impact in the industry. Despite the benefits associated with the implementation of MPC, the technology has remained a niche application in process manufacture. This thesis seeks to address these issues by developing ways that could lead to widespread application of MPC. In the first part of this thesis, a study was carried out to understand the characteristics of processes that would benefit from the application of MPC at the regulatory control level even in the single-input single-output (SISO) case. This is a departure from the common practice in which MPC is applied at the supervisory control layer delivering set points to PID controllers at the regulatory control layer. Both numerical simulation and industrial studies were used to show and quantify benefits of MPC for SISO applications at the regulatory control layer. Some issues that have led to the limited application of MPC include the cost and human efforts associated with modelling and controller design. And to achieve high process performance, accurate models are required. To address this issue, in the second part of this thesis, a novel technique for designing MPC from routine plant data – routine data MPC (RMPC) is proposed. The proposed technique was successfully implemented on process models. This technique would reduce the high human cost associated with MPC deployment, which could make it a widespread rather than niche application in the process manufacturing industry.
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Saillard, Emmanuelle. "Static/Dynamic Analyses for Validation and Improvements of Multi-Model HPC Applications." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0176/document.
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L’utilisation du parallélisme des architectures actuelles dans le domaine du calcul hautes performances, oblige à recourir à différents langages parallèles. Ainsi, l’utilisation conjointe de MPI pour le parallélisme gros grain, à mémoire distribuée et OpenMP pour du parallélisme de thread, fait partie des pratiques de développement d’applications pour supercalculateurs. Des erreurs, liées à l’utilisation conjointe de ces langages de parallélisme, sont actuellement difficiles à détecter et cela limite l’écriture de codes, permettant des interactions plus poussées entre ces niveaux de parallélisme. Des outils ont été proposés afin de palier ce problème. Cependant, ces outils sont généralement focalisés sur un type de modèle et permettent une vérification dite statique (à la compilation) ou dynamique (à l’exécution). Pourtant une combinaison statique/- dynamique donnerait des informations plus pertinentes. En effet, le compilateur est en mesure de donner des informations relatives au comportement général du code, indépendamment du jeu d’entrée. C’est par exemple le cas des problèmes liés aux communications collectives du modèle MPI. Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer des analyses statiques/dynamiques permettant la vérification d’une application parallèle mélangeant plusieurs modèles de programmation, afin de diriger les développeurs vers un code parallèle multi-modèles correct et performant. La vérification se fait en deux étapes. Premièrement, de potentielles erreurs sont détectées lors de la phase de compilation. Ensuite, un test au runtime est ajouté pour savoir si le problème va réellement se produire. Grâce à ces analyses combinées, nous renvoyons des messages précis aux utilisateurs et évitons les situations de blocageSupercomputing plays an important role in several innovative fields, speeding up prototyping or validating scientific theories. However, supercomputers are evolving rapidly with now millions of processing units, posing the questions of their programmability. Despite the emergence of more widespread and functional parallel programming models, developing correct and effective parallel applications still remains a complex task. Although debugging solutions have emerged to address this issue, they often come with restrictions. However programming model evolutions stress the requirement for a convenient validation tool able to handle hybrid applications. Indeed as current scientific applications mainly rely on the Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallel programming model, new hardwares designed for Exascale with higher node-level parallelism clearly advocate for an MPI+X solutions with X a thread-based model such as OpenMP. But integrating two different programming models inside the same application can be error-prone leading to complex bugs - mostly detected unfortunately at runtime. In an MPI+X program not only the correctness of MPI should be ensured but also its interactions with the multi-threaded model, for example identical MPI collective operations cannot be performed by multiple nonsynchronized threads. This thesis aims at developing a combination of static and dynamic analysis to enable an early verification of hybrid HPC applications. The first pass statically verifies the thread level required by an MPI+OpenMP application and outlines execution paths leading to potential deadlocks. Thanks to this analysis, the code is selectively instrumented, displaying an error and synchronously interrupting all processes if the actual scheduling leads to a deadlock situation
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Yadikin, Dmitriy. "Resistive Wall Mode Stability and Control in the Reversed Field Pinch." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Fusion Plasma Physics, Alfvén Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3867.
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Gillespie, Morgan Thomas. "Comparing Efficacy of Different Dynamic Models for Control of Underdamped, Antagonistic, Pneumatically Actuated Soft Robots." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5996.
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Research in soft robot hardware has led to the development of platforms that allow for safer performance when working in uncertain or dynamic environments. The potential of these platforms is limited by the lack of proper dynamic models to describe or controllers to operate them. A common difficulty associated with these soft robots is a representation for torque, the common electromechanical relation seen in motors does not apply. In this thesis, several different torque models are presented and used to construct linear state-space models. The control limitations on soft robots are induced by natural compliance inherent to the hardware. This inherent compliance results in soft robots that are commonly underdamped and present significant oscillations when accelerated quickly. These oscillations can be mitigated through model-based controllers which can anticipate these oscillations. In this thesis, multiple model predictive controllers are implemented with the torque models produced and results are presented for an inflatable single-DoF pneumatically actuated soft robot. Larger, multi-DoF, soft robots present additional issues with control, where flexibility in one joint impacts control in others. In this thesis a preliminary method and results for controlling multiple joints on an inflatable multi-DoF pneumatically actuated soft robot are presented. While model predictive controllers are capable, their control commands are defined by solving an optimization constrained by model dynamics. This optimization relies on minimizing the cost of a user-defined objective function. This objective function contains a series of weights, which allow the user to tune the importance of each component in the objective function. As there are no calculations that can be performed to tune model predictive controllers to achieve superior control performance, they often need to be tuned tediously by a skilled operator. In this thesis, a method for automated discrete performance identification and model predictive controller weight tuning is presented. This thesis constructs multiple state-space models for single- and multi-DoF underdamped, antagonistic, pneumatically actuated soft robots and shows that these models can be used with model predictive control, tuned for performance, to achieve accurate joint position control.
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Andersson, Henric. "Aircraft Systems Modeling : Model Based Systems Engineering in Avionics Design and Aircraft Simulation." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Machine Design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17573.
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Aircraft developers like other development and manufacturing companies, are experiencing increasing complexity in their products and growing competition in the global market. One way to confront the challenges is to make the development process more efficient and to shorten time to market for new products/variants by using design and development methods based on models. Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is introduced to, in a structured way, support engineers with aids and rules in order to engineer systems in a new way.
In this thesis, model based strategies for aircraft and avionics development are studied. A background to avionics architectures and in particular Integrated Modular Avionics is described. The integrating discipline Systems Engineering, MBSE and applicable standards are also described. A survey on available and emerging modeling techniques and tools, such as Hosted Simulation, is presented and Modeling Domains are defined in order to analyze the engineering environment with all its vital parts to support an MBSE approach.
Time and money may be saved by using modeling techniques that enable understanding of the engineering problem, state-of-the-art analysis and team communication, with preserved or increased quality and sense of control. Dynamic simulation is an activity increasingly used in aerospace, for several reasons; to prove the product concept, to validate stated requirements, and to verify the final implementation. Simulation is also used for end-user training, with specialized training simulators, but with the same underlying models. As models grow in complexity, and the set of simulation platforms is expanded, new needs for specification, model building and configuration support arise, which requires a modeling framework to be efficient.