Journal articles: 'Mozambique. 1992 October 4'

1

Alden, Chris. "The UN and the Resolution of Conflict in Mozambique." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 1 (March 1995): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00020875.

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The signing of the General Peace Agreement in Rome in October 1992 marked the formal cessation of 17 years of intermittent warfare in the former Portuguese colony of Mozambique.1 The bitter struggle by the guerrilla movement known as the Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (Renamo) to topple the avowedly Marxist–Leninist régime established by the leaders of the Frente de Libertção de Moçambique (Frelimo) was in many respects a regional expression of the cold war politics which dominated the international environment. The transformations in the Soviet Union and South Africa, blunting the ideological and logistical support which had fuelled the conflict, provoked a crisis for the protagonists. With over a million casualties, a greater number of refugees in neighbouring countries, and an economy devastated by war and mismanagement, the Government and Renamo at last sued for peace.2

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2

Cramer, Christopher, and Nicola Pontara. "Rural poverty and poverty alleviation in Mozambique: what's missing from the debate?" Journal of Modern African Studies 36, no. 1 (March 1998): 101–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97002668.

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The peace accord signed in October 1992 and multiparty elections held in October 1994 brought to Mozambique fresh hopes and opportunities. Post-war reconstruction has been underway for some years, through an array of projects ranging from hand-outs for demobilised soldiers to the World Bank supported Roads and Coastal Shipping (ROCS) rehabilitation project running from 1994 to 2000. Although there is political tension between the two main parties and former contestants in the civil war, Frelimo and Renamo, and a combination of rising urban crime and sporadic banditry on roads in rural areas, generally there has been a strong improvement in political stability and physical security for the majority of the population. Economic reforms, broadly typical of World Bank/IMF stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes, have accelerated during the 1990s and have been underwritten by substantial external financial support. The end of war together with deregulating policy reforms and a sweeping privatisation programme have provoked a surge in foreign investor interest in the country. In aggregate terms and in spite of data caveats, the evidence suggests that Mozambique has become one of the fastest growing economies in Sub-Saharan Africa during the 1990s.

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3

Bierman, Kenneth J. "OCLC Users Council Meeting Report: October 4–6, 1992." OCLC Micro 8, no. 6 (June 1992): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb055988.

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4

Drews, Robert C. "International Ophthalmic Microsurgery Study Group 4–8 October 1992." European journal of Implant and Refractive Surgery 5, no. 2 (June 1993): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-3681(13)80252-3.

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5

Maier, Chris T., and Carol R. Lemmon. "LIFE CYCLE OF LAMBDINA ATHASARIA (WALKER) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) DEVELOPING ON HEMLOCK IN CONNECTICUT." Canadian Entomologist 128, no. 6 (December 1996): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent128995-6.

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AbstractDuring 1992 and 1993, we studied the life cycle of Lambdina athasaria (Walker) developing on eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, in Connecticut. The geometrid was univoltine, overwintering as a pupa. Adults emerged during 4 weeks in May and June after hemlock budbreak. Males emerged significantly earlier than females, and both sexes emerged earlier in 1993 than in 1992. Males flew for 4–5 weeks annually. Based on measurements of head capsule width, larvae had five or six instars, which fed from June to October. Early instars ate new growth, and older ones fed on old growth. Until mid-August, larval development was more advanced in 1993 than in 1992. Larvae descended from trees in September and October to pupate in the duff beneath trees. Lambdina athasaria can be distinguished from congeneric species that feed on conifers by its overwintering stage, flight period, larval size, and host.

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6

Mirand, Edwin. "American association for cancer education, 26th annual Meeting October 1-4, 1992." Journal of Cancer Education 7, no. 3 (1992): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08858199209528161.

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7

Thompson, R. B., and I. R. P. Fillery. "Fate of urea nitrogen in sheep urine applied to soil at different times of the year in the pasture - wheat rotation in south Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 3 (1998): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97097.

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Sheep urine labelled with 15N-urea was applied toconfined micro-plots at different times of the year to follow the fate of ureaN in urine in the grazed pasture-wheat rotation in south Western Australia.Three field experiments were conducted on the same site on a loamy sand.Applications were made either to pasture residues (Expts 1 and 2) which weresubsequently sown to wheat, orto growing pasture in winter-spring, (Expt 3).In Expt 1, urine was applied in November 1990 (9·8 gN/m2) and April 1991 (46·1 gN/m2). From both applications, losses of15N attributed to NH3volatilisation were c. 50% within 2 weeks of application. Another10% loss was attributed toNO-3 leaching during the followinggrowing season and 15% was recovered by the wheat crop. In Expt 2,urine was applied in October 1991 (4·6 gN/m2), January 1992 (15·6 gN/m2), and March 1992 (13·6 gN/m2). Attributed NH3 losseswithin 2 weeks, in terms of 15N-urea applied, were40% (October and January urine) and 30% (March urine) andNO-3 leaching losses were estimated to be 20% forthe 3 applications. Recoveries in wheat (November 1992) were 4, 7, and12% of 15N applied in the October, January, andMarch urine applications. In Expt 3, urine was applied in August 1992(12·3 g N/m2) and September 1992 (25·9g N/m2). Attributed NH3 losseswere 10% of applied 15N for the August and30% for the September application. Plant uptake of15N was rapid and by mid October was 42% from theAugust application and 47% from the September application. Recovery of15N in soil organic N was generally 17-25% whenurine was applied to pasture residues and bare soil,and 21-37% whenurine was applied to growing pasture. It is suggested thatNH3 volatilisation was the predominant N loss mechanism.The amount of NO-3 leached wasprimarily influenced by summer rainfall, the length of time urine-N was insoil before the onset of winter rainfall, and the distributionof winterrainfall. Little of the 15N-labelled urine was eitherrecovered by, or available for, subsequent wheat crops, suggesting thatcalculations for estimating the N supply from pastures to cereal cropsmustdiscount most N returned in urine by grazing animals.

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Al-Ghamdi, Khalid M., Robin K. Stewart, and Guy Boivin. "SYNCHRONY BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (PALISOT DE BEAUVOIS) (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE), AND ITS EGG PARASITOIDS IN SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC." Canadian Entomologist 127, no. 4 (August 1995): 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent127457-4.

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AbstractThe seasonal occurrence of four species of egg parasitoids of the tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) was determined in three different habitais: fields of mixed weeds. alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). and crown vetch (Coronilla varia L.) in southwestern Quebec in 1991 and 1992. Parasitoids studied were the mymarids Anaphes iole Girault, Polynema pratensiphagum (Walley), and Erythmelus miridiphagus Dozier and a scelionid, Telenomus sp. Adult populations of these parasitoids showed three or four population peaks in all habitats throughout the season. Adult parasitoid activity started during the first egg-laying period of L. lineolaris at a temperature accumulation of 73 degree-days (DD). The overwintering period began in mid-October at 1277 and 1058 DD for 1991 and 1992, respectively. All the parasitoids had a strong synchrony with L. lineolaris populations; specifically, marked peaks in the adult population of all species were in synchrony with the egg-laying periods of L. lineolaris.

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9

West, Harry G., and Gregory W. Myers. "A Piece of Land in a Land of Peace? State Farm Divestiture in Mozambique." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 1 (March 1996): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055191.

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In the first two years following the peace accord in Rome on 4 Ocotber 1992 between Mozambique's governing party, the Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (Frelimo), and the Resistência National Moçambicana (Renamo) guerrilla leadership, over one million refugees returned to the country while as many as three million moved back to the areas they were forced to flee during the war. With the post-accord commitment of the United Nations to monitor the ‘peace process’ as well as the political transition to a multi-party democratic régime, the international community invested itself strongly in supporting Mozambicans in their attempt to rebuild their war-torn country. The United Nations Operation in Mozambique (Unomoz) presented an acid test for the future of UN-sponsored ‘peacekeeping’ initiativesthe recent difficulties or failures in Angola, Somalia, and Bosnia having thrown into question the sensibility of such expensive operations with little probability of producing sustainable results. For the donor community, the end of the war signalled an opportunity to advance discussions and practical steps towards liberalising the Mozambican economy and decentralising state power — thereby offering a new laboratory for model testing.

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Underwood, A. J., and M. J. Anderson. "Seasonal and temporal aspects of recruitment and succession in an intertidal estuarine fouling assemblage." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74, no. 3 (August 1994): 563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400047676.

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The recruitment and succession of fouling organisms was examined on four substrata (concrete, plywood, fibreglass and aluminium) in Quibray Bay of Botany Bay in New South Wales, Australia. Eighteen 10×10 cm panels of each substratum were submersed in each of four seasons: January (summer), March (autumn), May (winter) and October (spring) 1992. Six of each substratum were retrieved after 1 month, 2 months and 4–5 months. Thus in this study, as a methodological improvement over many other studies of succession, samples were taken independently with regard to time.Seasonal recruitment was important in determining the pattern of succession and the composition of the assemblage. Sydney Rock oysters,Saccostrea commercialis(Iredale & Roughley), recruited in large numbers on panels submersed in January and, by their rapid growth, dominated the available space after 4–5 months. The greatest recruitment of the barnacleHexaminiussp. and the greatest percentage cover of algae (six species) occurred on panels submersed from October to March. While panels submersed in January for a period of 4–5 months resulted in a single outcome, an oyster-dominated assemblage, panels submersed in October for the same period of time resulted in a set of alternative outcomes depending on the relative abundance of barnacles and algae.

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11

Titlyanov, Eduard A., Tamara V. Titlyanova, Oksana S. Belous, and Tatyana L. Kalita. "Inventory change (1990s–2010s) in the marine flora of Sanya Bay (Hainan Island, China)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 3 (November 11, 2014): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541400160x.

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Sanya Bay lies at the southern part of Hainan Island, 18°15′N 109°28′E. The seawater in the bay has been catastrophically polluted during the past two decades with urban sewage from the rapidly developing Sanya City. The marine flora research in Sanya Bay was started at the beginning of the 1930s and the most detailed studies were performed by two German-Chinese expeditions in 1990 (October–December) and in 1992 (March–April). In April, October, November and December 2008–2010 the marine flora of Sanya Bay was studied by the authors at three localities: Luhuitou Peninsula, Xiaodong Hai and Dadong Hai. Marine algae were sampled in the intertidal and upper subtidal zones (to 4–5 m depth). The list of species (including varieties and forms) of the marine algae for Sanya Bay sampled during the period from 2008 to 2010 is compared with those collected at the same localities in 1990/1992. Comparative analysis of the floristic composition of the marine red, brown and green algae (found during different time periods) revealed that considerable changes have taken place between 1990/1992 and 2008–2010 at Sanya Bay. There was an increase in filamentous, tubular and fine blade-like green and red algae (mainly epiphytes with a high surface to volume ratio) and a displacement of upright-growing fleshy, foliose and other large green, brown and red algae with a low surface to volume ratio. It is assumed that the changes reflect mainly increased pollution by urban sewage and mariculture pond wastes and probably by coral bleaching events of 1998.

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12

Feldman, R. A., and N. Banatvala. "The frequency of culturing stools from adults with diarrhoea in Great Britain." Epidemiology and Infection 113, no. 1 (August 1994): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880005144x.

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SUMMARYUtilizing the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) Omnibus Survey, it was possible to measure the frequency with which a stool culture was obtained following episodes of diarrhoea in adults. Interviewing over 8000 adults, over a 4-month period between October 1992 and January 1993, 633 persons (7·9%) reported one episode of diarrhoea in the previous month, and 5·4 % of these individuals with diarrhoea reported that a stool had been requested for examination. No significant regional differences were observed with the sample size available. The estimate of the rate of diarrhoea in adults was just under one episode per person per year.

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Mukoyi, F., T. Soko, E. Mulima, B. Mutari, D. Hodson, L. Herselman, B. Visser, and Z. A. Pretorius. "Detection of Variants of Wheat Stem Rust Race Ug99 (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Zimbabwe and Mozambique." Plant Disease 95, no. 9 (September 2011): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-11-0300.

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The migration of Ug99 variants of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is of concern to global wheat production (1). Seven races have been characterized in the Ug99 lineage (3), three of which occur in South Africa (4). During surveys of wheat fields for Ug99 in Zimbabwe and Mozambique in August and September 2010, high stem rust severities were found at Chiredzi, Chisumbanje, and Birchenough in Zimbabwe and at Rotanda in Mozambique. Stem rust was widespread in the lowlands (<800 m above sea level) of Zimbabwe and trace amounts were present in the mid-altitude areas. In Mozambique, stem rust was only observed at Rotanda (sample Moz1001). Collections from Chiredzi (samples Zim1004 and Zim1005), Chisumbanje (Zim1006), and Birchenough (Zim1009 and Zim1010) yielded viable urediniospores for infection studies. According to race analysis conducted on seedlings of the North American stem rust differential set (2) in a greenhouse at 18 to 25°C, Zim1005 and Zim1006 were typed as PTKST and Zim1004 and Zim1009 as TTKSF. Both TTKSF and PTKST were detected in the Zim1010 sample. Race analysis experiments were conducted three times. Urediniospores of isolate Moz1001 were not viable in infection studies, but yielded fungal DNA for simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis. Using eight selected SSR primer combinations (4), all six isolates clustered within the Ug99 lineage. Isolates Zim1005, Zim1006, Zim1009, Zim1010, and Moz1001 and the stem rust control races TTKSF, TTKSK, and PTKST grouped into two main clusters, with Zim1009 and Zim1010 clustering together and sharing 88% similarity with the rest of the isolates. Zim1005 and Zim1006 were identical to TTKSF and TTKSK, respectively. Zim1004 shared 96% genetic similarity with the TTKSP control, with these two sharing 74% genetic similarity with the remaining isolates. The SSR data correlated with the infection data, except for Zim1004, which was typed as TTKSF but clustered close to TTKSP. Wheat cvs. SC Nduna, SC Shine, SC Stallion, SC Smart, Kana, Insiza, and Dande are predominant in Zimbabwe. Cv. SC Stallion and other unidentified cultivars were susceptible to P. graminis f. sp. tritici in the field in Zimbabwe. In Mozambique, the tall, local cv. Sitsonko was susceptible to P. graminis f. sp. tritici but no infections were observed on SC Nduna or SC Shine. The similarity in P. graminis f. sp. tritici races in Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Mozambique suggests that inoculum is exchanged within the region and explains the detection of race PTKST in South Africa in 2009. Trajectory models showed winds originating at Birchenough in October 2009, where stem rust was observed, passing directly over KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa within 48 to 72 h. Race PTKST was confirmed from collections in KwaZulu-Natal in November 2009 (4). The confirmation of Sr31 virulence in race PTKST in Zimbabwe is important because it provides new geographical records for an Ug99-related race and puts Southern African cultivars with 1B.1R resistance at risk. References: (1) D. Hodson. Euphytica 179:93, 2011. (2) Y. Jin et al. Plant Dis. 92:923, 2008. (3) R. F. Park et al. Euphytica 179:109, 2011. (4) B. Visser et al. Euphytica 179:119, 2011.

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Oosthuizen, Gerhard J. J. "Die Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag en die “stryd” om Cuito Cuanavale: Fases 2, 3 en 4 van Operasie Moduler, Oktober - Desember 1987 [Deel 2]." New Contree 61 (May 31, 2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v61i0.358.

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Several international events contributed to the fact that the struggle for South West Africa was not confined only to SWAPO and the South African forces. Because of a coup d’etat and the economic and moral burden which colonies entailed, Portugal withdrew from Angola and Mozambique in a rush in 1974. SWAPO, assisted by the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA), established military bases in the south of Angola to invade South West Africa more effectively. It was therefore only a matter of time before the South African forces encountered not only SWAPO, but also the MPLA and Cuban forces. South Africa, however, did not take an attitude of wait-and-see, but wanted to retain the initiative mainly by means of so-called pre-emptive operations, such as Operation Savannah (1975-1976), which was the first of many cross-border operations. The general aim of these operations was to effectively curtail the infiltration of SWAPO from the south of Angola into South West Africa. During the first and only successful phase of Operation Modular (August-October 1987), the combined South African forces came to the aid of a beleaguered UNITA due to a Forças Armadas Populares de Libertação de Angola (FAPLA) offensive on the UNITA strongholds of Mavinga and Jamba. The Battle of the Lomba River on 3 October 1987 ended in the crushing of FAPLA’s 47 Brigade and ushered in the successful completion of phase one of Operation Modular. The objective of this article is to analyse the strategic position of Cuito Cuanavale during phases two, three and four of Operation Modular (October-December 1987). In particular, this article focuses on the objectives of the SADF regarding Cuito Cuanavale. The conclusion is that, although fiercely denied in certain circles, the SADF most definitely wanted to conquer Cuito Cuanavale.

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Lovrich, Gustavo A., Bernard Sainte-Marie, and Barry D. Smith. "Depth distribution and seasonal movements of Chionoecetes opilio (Brachyura: Majidae) in Baie Sainte-Marguerite, Gulf of Saint Lawrence." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 1712–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-203.

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Bimonthly beam-trawling from April 1991 to May 1992 and diver observations were used to assess distribution and large-scale movement of snow crabs, Chionoecetes opilio, over depths of 4–140 m in a bay of the northern Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Megalopae settled during October 1991. Immature crabs of instars I–IV (i.e., 3.3–9.7 mm mean carapace width, CW) were found predominantly on bottoms ≈50–80 m deep and were cryptic and sedentary. Most immature crabs of instars V–VIII (i.e., 14.1–34.5 mm mean CW) and adolescent males (i.e., producing sperm but not terminally moulted) migrated in winter to subtidal grounds, where they moulted. Movement to shallow waters was massive and resulted in a mean density of 860 crabs per 1000 m2 at ≈15 m in December 1991. Adult males (i.e., producing sperm and terminally moulted) of <70 mm mean CW also moved to the shallow grounds from October to December 1991, where some mated with pubescent–primiparous females (i.e., adult, first brood) from January to April 1992. Adult males of >90 mm mean CW were mainly found at depths >80 m over most of the year, but from March to May 1992 an increase in mean CW of adult males at <80 m indicated some upslope movement, probably to mate with multiparous females (i.e., adult, second or ulterior brood). Adult females were more gregarious and sedentary than adult males. We expand on the hypothesis that interannual variability in recruitment to adulthood tends to reflect differences in year-class strength, and that year-class strength varies in accordance with megalopal supply and (or) survivorship of cryptic instars.

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Leskovar, Daniel I., and A. Kipp Boales. "Spatial Arrangement for Daikon Seed Production." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 573b—573. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.573b.

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Seed production systems for daikon or Chinese winter radish (Raphanus sativus L., Longipinnatus Group) were investigated in the Winter Garden of southwest Texas in 1992 and 1993. Planting dates ranged from October through March. Bed configurations (number of rows × bed spacings) were 2 × 0.96 m, 2 × 1.93 m, 3 × 1.93 m, and 4 × 1.93 m. Within-row spacings were 5, 10, and 15 cm. Crops were grown using minimum fungicide and insecticide amounts, while no attempt was made to control weeds chemically. Seed was harvested between May and June. Seed yields (kg·ha–1) increased for planting dates of October to November. Lower seed yields from the January or later plantings appear to be related to increased disease and insect pressures. Total and medium class size (≥3 and ≤4 mm in diameter) seed yields were highest at 40 rows × 1.93 m bed spacings and 10 cm within-row plant spacings. Germination and percent coatless seeds were unaffected by bed configuration and within-row plant spacings. The closest within-row spacings (5 cm) increased the risk of plant lodging and delayed plant maturity.

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Ridsdill-Smith, T. J., and A. J. Annells. "Seasonal occurrence and abundance of redlegged earth mite Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae) in annual pastures of southwestern Australia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, no. 4 (August 1997): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300037421.

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AbstractSeasonal occurrence and abundance of redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker), was measured by weekly sampling in grazed annual pastures near Keysbrook (1990–1992) and Narrogin (1991–1992) in southwestern Australia. Mites were active for 27 weeks from the late autumn (May) to mid-spring (October), completing three generations at approximately 8 week intervals. The summer is spent as diapause eggs in the cadavers of adult female mites. In 1991 and 1992, active H. destructor was on average twice as abundant at Keysbrook (mean 11,300 mites/m2), as at Narrogin (mean 6400 mites/m2). Three times more eggs were laid at Keysbrook than Narrogin (mean 8500 and 2900 eggs/m2 respectively). Rainfall at Keysbrook was twice that at Narrogin, and temperatures were higher. We suggest that the rate of oviposition was less at Narrogin, probably because of resource limitation. The mature adult sex ratio was female biased, but was lower at Keysbrook (0.669) than at Narrogin (0.813). Neozygites acaridis, a fungal disease, was detected in less than 4% of the population, mainly in adult mites in late spring. Rainfall and temperatures were lower in the spring of 1992 than 1991 at both sites. Pasture was grazed considerably shorter in the spring of 1992, and numbers of H. destructor were lower, but numbers of eggs laid in the two years were similar. We suggest that active mite mortality was greater in spring of 1992, probably due to lower relative humidity. There were fewer adult mites in spring, and fewer diapausing eggs in summer at both sites in 1992 (36,600 diapause eggs/m2) than in 1991 (148,000 diapause eggs/m2). It is proposed that controlling mites in spring should lead to lower numbers of diapause eggs in summer and of mites emerging in autumn.

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Haynes, C. L., O. M. Lindstrom, M. A. Dirr, and R. Severson. "194 COLD HARDINESS AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT OF FOUR CULTIVARS OF FIELD-GROWN SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 457a—457. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.457a.

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Cold hardiness and carbohydrate content of 4 cultivars of field-grown southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.) were determined monthly during the 1992-1993 winter. Initially, `Claudia Wannamaker', `Little Gem', `Timeless Beauty', and `Victoria' had similar stem and leaf cold hardiness estimates of -6C in October. However, by February `Claudia Wannamaker' and `Victoria' stems were 6 and 3C more cold hardy than `Little Gem' and `Timeless Beauty' stems. `Claudia Wannamaker' leaves were also 6C more cold hardy than `Little Gem' and `Timeless Beauty' leaves in February. Carbohydrate analysis indicates increases in oligosaccharides during cold acclimation in fall.

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Radmilovich, Zoran R. "Erratum: "Ship‐Berth Link as Bulk Queueing System in Ports" (September/October, 1992, Vol. 118, No. 5)." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 119, no. 4 (July 1993): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(1993)119:4(475).

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Leporati, Ezio, and Mercalli Luca. "Snowfall series of Turin, 1784–1992: climatological analysis and action on structures." Annals of Glaciology 19 (1994): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500011010.

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The snowfall series of Turin, northwest Italy, is one of the longest available for Europe, with daily observations starting in 1784 and continuous since 1788. The unpublished 207 years data set was carefully obtained from original manuscripts and filed on magnetic media. Mean yearly snowfall amount is 48.9 cm showing a high interannual variability (variation coefficient 79%), with about seven snow days from October through April; the maximum amount was measured in winter 1784–85 (233 cm), followed by 1808–9 with 163 cm. Maximum daily amount was on 4 December 1844 with 64 cm. During the whole period a negative trend is exhibited, increasing in the years following 1890. This pattern is confirmed by the Mann-Kendall test. The change derives from regional climate rather than expansion of the urban area. Return periods of yearly maximum snow loads are calculated in order to contribute to the definition of new values for structural design. A case study of heavy snowfall in January 1987 is examined.

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Leporati, Ezio, and Mercalli Luca. "Snowfall series of Turin, 1784–1992: climatological analysis and action on structures." Annals of Glaciology 19 (1994): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500011010.

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The snowfall series of Turin, northwest Italy, is one of the longest available for Europe, with daily observations starting in 1784 and continuous since 1788. The unpublished 207 years data set was carefully obtained from original manuscripts and filed on magnetic media. Mean yearly snowfall amount is 48.9 cm showing a high interannual variability (variation coefficient 79%), with about seven snow days from October through April; the maximum amount was measured in winter 1784–85 (233 cm), followed by 1808–9 with 163 cm. Maximum daily amount was on 4 December 1844 with 64 cm. During the whole period a negative trend is exhibited, increasing in the years following 1890. This pattern is confirmed by the Mann-Kendall test. The change derives from regional climate rather than expansion of the urban area. Return periods of yearly maximum snow loads are calculated in order to contribute to the definition of new values for structural design. A case study of heavy snowfall in January 1987 is examined.

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Weissel, J. K., K. R. Czuchlewski, and Y. Kim. "Synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-based mapping of volcanic flows: Manam Island, Papua New Guinea." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 19, 2004): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-339-2004.

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Abstract. We present new radar-based techniques for efficient identification of surface changes generated by lava and pyroclastic flows, and apply these to the 1996 eruption of Manam Volcano, Papua New Guinea. Polarimetric L- and P-band airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, along with a C-band DEM, were acquired over the volcano on 17 November 1996 during a major eruption sequence. The L-band data are analyzed for dominant scattering mechanisms on a per pixel basis using radar target decomposition techniques. A classification method is presented, and when applied to the L-band polarimetry, it readily distinguishes bare surfaces from forest cover over Manam volcano. In particular, the classification scheme identifies a post-1992 lava flow in NE Valley of Manam Island as a mainly bare surface and the underlying 1992 flow units as mainly vegetated surfaces. The Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Network reports allow us to speculate whether the bare surface is a flow dating from October or November in the early part of the late-1996 eruption sequence. This work shows that fully polarimetric SAR is sensitive to scattering mechanism changes caused by volcanic resurfacing processes such as lava and pyroclastic flows. By extension, this technique should also prove useful in mapping debris flows, ash deposits and volcanic landslides associated with major eruptions.

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Fisker, Susan E., Robin Rose, and Diane L. Haase. "Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Measure of Cold Hardiness and Freezing Stress in 1 + 1 Douglas-Fir Seedlings." Forest Science 41, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 564–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/41.3.564.

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Abstract Two-year-old seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) from two seed lots with different levels of predicted cold hardiness were grown in separate nurseries. Seedlings were lifted every 4 wk from October 1991 through March 1992 and exposed to controlled freezing temperatures. Fluorescence emissions of the seedlings were measured before and 1 and 3 days after each freezing test. Destructive morphological assessments were made 7 days after freezing. Unstressed seedlings were measured during 6 additional test periods through September 1992. Chlorophyll fluorescence had a significant linear relationship to needle freezing damage and seedling survival, but there was no significant linear relationship between fluorescence of control seedlings and frost hardiness. The LT50 (lethal temperature for 50% of the seedlings) fluorescence measurements, however, tended to be lower before and higher after the seedlings were hardened off. These results indicate that chlorophyll fluorescence is capable of detecting nonvisible damage to seedlings. Continued research may show this to be a valuable tool for rapidly identifying damaged seedlings in nurseries and hence for aiding vital management decisions. For. Sci. 41(3):564-575.

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O'Brien, William J., and Kelly Jean Fergusson. "Discussion of “ADR, TQM, Partnering, and Other Management Fantasies” by F. H. “Bud” Griffis (October, 1992, Vol. 118, No. 4)." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 120, no. 2 (April 1994): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1994)120:2(235).

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McDonald, GK. "Growth of field pea on red-brown earth soils in a year with high rainfall." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950619.

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A study of 4 commercial crops of peas was conducted in the Lower North of South Australia during 1992 to assess the importance of waterlogging on growth and yield. The area chosen for the survey has a high proportion of red-brown earth soils that slake and seal, have poor internal drainage, and are prone to transient waterlogging. Rainfall in the year of the survey was above average, particularly during September and October, and waterlogging and disease were common in pea crops throughout the region. Based on air-filled porosity and soil water tension, waterlogging occurred in each of the survey paddocks. Differences in vegetative growth and grain yields within and between paddocks could be related to the severity of waterlogging. There were differences between the 4 survey paddocks for concentrations of potassium, sodium, iron, and manganese in pea shoots, and these differences appeared to correspond to differences in the severity of waterlogging. Nutrient concentrations were, however, confounded by differences in soil pH and soil fertility. Despite adequate to high levels of available phosphorus (P) in each of the 4 paddocks, concentrations of P in shoots were generally low and, in 2 cases, indicated P deficiency. Phosphorus concentrations were not related to the concentration in the soil or to the severity of waterlogging. In field experiments conducted over 2 seasons (1991, 1992), peas were grown in raised hill plots to promote drainage around the upper root system. The method significantly increased plant establishment in both years, and in 1992, a year of record high rainfall, grain yields from the drained plots were 5-64 times greater than those from undrained plots. In 1991, a year with lower rainfall, drainage improved pod yield by 13%. Observations during the survey suggested that disease was worse in the paddocks that were severely affected by excess water.

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Mugabe, Eulalia D., Ana N. Madeira, Humberto S. Mabota, Anildo N. Nataniel, Jorge Santos, and Johan C. Groeneveld. "Small-scale fisheries of the Bons Sinais Estuary in Mozambique with emphasis on utilization of unselective gear." Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, no. 1/2021 (December 23, 2021): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.si2021.1.5.

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Small-scale fisheries in estuaries of the Western Indian Ocean form a key component of socio-ecological systems (SES) and food security, yet they remain poorly understood. This study describes the estuarine fisheries of the Bons Sinais Estuary in Mozambique based on fisheries and biological data collected by monitors between 2007 and 2016. Multiple gears were used, including beach seines (78 % of sampled fish), chicocota nets (12 %), gillnets (5 %), and hook and line (4 %). Landings were dominated by small pelagic fishes (Engraulidae 29 %, Pristigasteridae 16 %, Clupeidae 11 %) and prawns (Penaeidae 29 %). Monthly averaged fishing effort, landings and catch per unit effort of beach seine and chicocota nets peaked during the dry season, in April and July to October. The proportion of penaeid prawns in landings increased moderately at the end of the wet season, between January and March. The species and size composition selected by beach seine and chicocota nets overlapped, with chicocota nets also retaining marginally smaller individuals. Both gears exploited low trophic level species near the base of the food web, with low trophic values of 2.8 for chicocota and 3.0 for beach seine nets. The small-scale fishery in the Bons Sinais Estuary followed a ‘balanced harvest’ approach in which unselective fishing gear is used to exploit a mix of species and sizes proportional to natural productivity and relative abundance.

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Bolton, John M. "Discussion of “ Records Management in Engineering Firms ” by D. O. Hamilton (October, 1991, Vol. 7, No. 4)." Journal of Management in Engineering 8, no. 4 (October 1992): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)9742-597x(1992)8:4(400.2).

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Bucens, Paul, Alan Seech, and Igor Marvan. "Pilot-Scale Demonstration of DARAMEND Enhanced Bioremediation of Sediment Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hamilton Harbour." Water Quality Research Journal 31, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1996.025.

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Abstract In 1992, GRACE Dearborn, Inc. was contracted by Environment Canada to conduct a field-scale demonstration of the DARAMEND bioremediation technology under the auspices of the Great Lakes Cleanup Fund's Contaminated Sediment Treatment Technology Program. The demonstration on approximately 150 tonnes of sediment dredged from Hamilton Harbour was completed by January 1994. Two distinct batches of sediment were treated. One batch of 90 tonnes of sediment, dredged directly from the harbour without any pretreatment, is the focus of this paper. Sediment was received in October 1992 and was treated through to December 1993. Treatment was conducted in an high-density polyethylene-lined treatment cell that was covered by a steel framed greenhouse. The treatment involved amending, tilling and closely controlling the sediment water content. In approximately 300 days of treatment, the level of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination was reduced from approximately 1,000 µg/g to 100 µg/g, corresponding to a destruction and removal efficiency of approximately 90%. Notably, the high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (containing 4 to 6 benzene rings) were effectively degraded to concentrations below the Ministry of the Environment and Energy’s Soil Placement Guideline for controlled fill (MOEE 1992). The trend in the data suggest that following addition of DARAMEND amendment and several months of active management, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons would continue to biodegrade as a result of the DARAMEND amendment even without active management of the sediment.

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Prego, Ricardo, Rafael Carballeira, Yolanda Pazos, and Roberto Bao. "Oceanographical Context of the First Bloom of the Silicoflagellate Octactis speculum (Ehrenberg) Recorded to Cause Salmon Mortality in a Galician Ria: Was This Bloom a Rare Event in the Iberian Coast?" Toxins 15, no. 7 (July 2, 2023): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070435.

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Harmful algal blooms are one of the leading causes of mortality in salmon aquaculture, with significant economic consequences. From 15 to 31 October 1996, a bloom of the skeletonized form of Octactis speculum (Ehrenberg) F.H. Chang, J.M. Grieve & J.E. Sutherland was detected in the small Merexo inlet (1.7 km2 area), located on the southern shore of the Ria of Muxía (Galicia, NW Spain). The O. speculum population inside the inlet (data period: 1992–1996) seldom exceeded 4·103 cell·L−1. However, its concentration reached 2·105 cell·L−1 during the bloom, coinciding with a decrease in light penetration from 5 to 2 m deep, as measured using a Secchi disk. Although similar concentrations were reported during late October 1992, this was the first time that a bloom was associated with caged salmon (Salmo salar, Linnaeus 1758) mortality in the Galician coastal waters. This mortality was not associated with anoxia in the water column, but with fish gill irritations and mucus segregation due to gill clogging. Excess nitrate and silicate, the latter being essential for skeleton formation, were measured in the inlet during the bloom, with phosphate acting as the limiting nutrient (high negative correlation). Blooms of O. speculum occurred in autumn–winter, when water was retained within the inlet under meteorological conditions of southwest winds (which prompted downwelling conditions) and clear skies. A review of the oceanographic database of the Galician rias showed that massive O. speculum proliferations are also commonplace in other rias with similar environmental conditions, such as the Ria of Ares-Betanzos, and can therefore constitute a threat for the development of salmon aquaculture on this coast.

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Perkins, Anna, and Nina Bassuk. "STIMULATING BUD BREAK AND IMPROVING OVER WINTER SURVIVAL IN ROOTED SOFTWOOD CUTTINGS." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 542b—542. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.542b.

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The objectives of this research were to stimulate and accelerate new growth in rooted cuttings of difficult-to-root woody plants, thereby increasing overwinter survival rates in the first propagation year. Etiolated and non-etiolated cuttings were taken from field grown stock plants of Acer rubrum `October Glory', Hamamelis vemalis, Hamamelis virginiana, and Stewartia pseudocamellia. After a 4 week etiolation period, during which the bases of new shoots were covered in black velcro bands, cuttings were taken in June, 1992 and dipped in one of three levels of IBA: 500, 1,000, 5,000 ppm for A. rubrum `October Glory', A. rubrum `Red Sunset', and H. vernalis, and 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 ppm for H. virginiana and S. pseudocamellia. After 3 to 8 weeks under mist, successfully rooted plants were given 16 hour days with 70/60 F. D/N greenhouse temperatures. Plants were treated with a foliar spray of thidiazuron 50 mg/L, thidiazuron followed by GA 4/7 250 mg/L ten days later, silver thiosulfite (STS) 1%, or STS followed by GA4/7 ten days later. Both STS and thidiazuron stimulated bud break in plants. After 4 weeks, plants were assessed for bud break, after which dormancy was induced under short days and cool temperatures (50/40 F. D/N). Once dormant, the plants' total growth and total nonstructural carbohydrates were measured, and plants were stored in 38 F. coolers for 3 months. At the end of 3 months, the plants were assessed for overwinter survival.

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Lee Smith, Michael. "Discussion of “ Performance Evaluations: Key to People Development ” by Everett S. Thomson (October, 1990, Vol. 6, No. 4)." Journal of Management in Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 1992): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)9742-597x(1992)8:1(100.2).

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32

Göpfert, Winfried. "Scheduled science: TV coverage of science, technology, medicine and social science and programming policies in Britain and Germany." Public Understanding of Science 5, no. 4 (October 1996): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/5/4/004.

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I present an analysis of the content, audience share and scheduling of TV coverage of science, technology, medicine and social science in Britain and Germany. The sample consists of all science-related programmes broadcast from October to December 1992 during broadly defined peak hours. Four British TV channels were compared with 16 German channels. Nine different content categories were defined, which exhibited some interesting differences. There were some differences in the programme makers' approach to different subjects such as medicine, environment and social sciences; and there were many differences in scheduling practices. The more competitive market in Germany leads to an even sharper separation between the public and the commercial sector, but a second distinction seems to be more important: the public sector, at least, tends to separate a more popular from a more specialist strand. Strategies for science broadcasting are discussed with comments from prominent science producers and editors in both Britain and Germany.

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33

Ratnadass, A., B. Cissé, and K. Mallé. "Notes on the biology and immature stages of West African sorghum head bugs Eurystylus immaculatus and Creontiades pallidus (Heteroptera: Miridae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 84, no. 3 (September 1994): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530003251x.

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AbstractDetailed studies on the immature stages of the sorghum head bugs, Eurystylus immaculatus Odhiambo and Creontiades pallidus Rambur, were carried out in the laboratory at Samanko, Mali, during November 1991 to March 1992, and January to April 1993, and in the field in October 1993. Eggs of both species were laid in maturing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains. The egg incubation period was 4–7 days in E. immaculatus, and 5–7 days in C. pallidus. There were five nymphal instars in both species. The total nymphal period was 6–11 days in E. immaculatus and 8–14 days in C. pallidus. The durations of first, second, third, fourth and fifth nymphal instars were 1–3, 1–2, 1–2, 1–3 and 1–3 days, respectively, in E. immaculatus, and 1–3, 1–2, 1–3, 2–3 and 2–4 days, respectively, in C. pallidus. All the immature stages of E. immaculatus are described and sketched.

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Boden, R. F., and J. D. Leaver. "A dual purpose cattle system combining milk and beef production." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026908.

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In tropical countries it is common practice to milk cows once daily and additionally maintain a suckled calf. Such a system in Europe could have relevance on small farms where part-time work was necessary to maintain the farm business.The objective of this study was to examine the cow and calf performance on such a system in comparison to a conventional twice daily milking system.Sixteen Holstein Friesian cows (12) and Brown Swiss x Holstein Friesian cows (4) were allocated at random to control or suckled groups. They calved in June/July 1992 with beef bred calves (Simmental and Limousin sires). Calves were removed from the control cows at 24 h after birth.They were grazed until October as two separate groups and buffer fed with maize silage. The control group were milked twice daily and the suckled group were milked in the morning only. The calves were put with the suckled group after morning milking and were removed from their dams 7-8 h later and housed overnight. After full housing in October, the calves were allowed to suckle for up to 30 minutes after morning milking and for a further 30 minutes in late afternoon.

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35

Rom, Curt R., B. Blackburn, and R. Bourne. "THE EFFECT OF FIVE PREPLANT TREATMENTS ON THE EARLY PERFORMANCE OF PEACH ON A REPLANT SITE." HortScience 30, no. 3 (June 1995): 431b—431. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.431b.

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The growth and productivity of `Redhaven'/Lovell peach during the first 3 years in a replant site was evaluated after planting in one of five preplant treatments. Treatments (trt) were 1) nontreated control (CK), 2) killed fescue (F), 3) soybean rotation (L), 4) summer solarization (SOL), and 5) methyl bromide fumigation (FUM). An orchard was removed from the experimental site in Spring 1991 before establishments of treatments. In June 1991, a tall fescue (K-31), soybeans, or mustard, and cabbage were sown in trt plots 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In July, trt 4 was covered with clear, 4-mil plastic sheeting for 90 days. In October, trt 5 was fumigated with methyl bromide under a 4-mil plastic sheet. Trees were planted in Spring 1992. Soil characteristics, weed populations, and tree growth and productivity were measured in the first three seasons after planting. FUM significantly reduced weed density into the third season. SOL plots had the highest weed density in years 2 and 3. TCSA, yield, and yield efficiency of FUM trees were significantly larger than CK. Trees in F or SOL had significantly lower yields.

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36

Galata, Christian, Ulrich Ronellenfitsch, Susanne Blank, Christoph Reißfelder, and Julia Hardt. "Postoperative Morbidity and Failure to Rescue in Surgery for Gastric Cancer: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study of 1107 Patients from 1972 to 2014." Cancers 12, no. 7 (July 18, 2020): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071953.

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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative morbidity, mortality, and failure to rescue following complications after radical resection for gastric cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the surgical database of patients with gastroesophageal malignancies at our institution was performed. All consecutive patients undergoing R0 gastrectomy for pT1–4 M0 gastric adenocarcinoma between October 1972 and February 2014 were eligible for this analysis. Patients were divided into two groups according to the date of surgery: an early cohort operated on from 1972–1992 and a late cohort operated on from 1993–2014. Both groups were compared regarding patient characteristics and surgical outcomes. Results: A total of 1107 patients were included. Postoperative mortality was more than twice as high in patients operated on from 1972–1992 compared to patients operated on from 1993–2014 (6.8% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.017). Between both groups, no significant difference in failure to rescue after major surgical complications was observed (20.8% vs. 20.5%, p = 1.000). Failure to rescue after other surgical and non-surgical complications was 37.8% in the early cohort compared to 3.2% in the late cohort (p < 0.001). Non-surgical complications accounted for 71.2% of lethal complications between 1972 and 1992, but only for 18.2% of lethal complications between 1993 and 2014 (p = 0.002). Conclusion: In the course of four decades, postoperative mortality after radical resection for gastric cancer has more than halved. In this cohort, the reason for this decrease was reduced mortality due to non-surgical complications. Major surgical morbidity after gastrectomy remains challenging.

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Liang, B. C., and A. F. MacKenzie. "Seasonal denitrification rates under corn (Zea mays L.) in two Quebec soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s96-018.

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Nitrogen losses in soil through denitrification are important due to reduced agronomic effectiveness and environmental concerns with nitrous oxide emissions. Knowledge of denitrification may allow for management procedures to reduce these losses. Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992 to investigate N fertilizer effects on denitrification under corn (Zea mays L.) on two soils of contrasting texture in southwestern Quebec. Soil core incubation with C2H2 was used to assess denitrification rates. Total calculated denitrification rate from April to November in 1991 and 1992 varied from 4 to 41 kg N ha−1 on a Chicot sandy clay loam and from 29 to 53 kg N ha−1 on a Ste. Rosalie clay. Denitrification rates increased linearly with increasing fertilizer N rates only in the Ste. Rosalie clay in 1991. Denitrification in the Ste. Rosalie soil was positively related to temperature and NO3− levels in April and May, moisture content from August to November, and temperature in October and November. Denitrification in the Chicot soil was positively related to soil moisture content and NO3− levels in April and May, and soil moisture content in June. Reducing soil NO3− concentrations in April and May could decrease denitrification rate in both Chicot and Ste. Rosalie soils. Key words: Denitrification, fertilizer N, temperature, moisture content

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38

Vostokov, S. V., A. A. Gadzhiev, E. N. Lobachev, A. S. Vostokova, N. I. Rabazanov, R. M. Barkhalov, Ph V. Sapojnikov, B. Abtahi, and M. G. Shojaei. "Development and interaction of ctenophores <i>Beroe ovate</i> Bruguière, 1789 and <i>Mnemiopsis leidyi</i> A. Agassiz, 1865 in the coastal zone of the Middle Caspian Sea." South of Russia: ecology, development 17, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-8-15.

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Aim. Analysis of the distribution and status of ctenophores Вeroe ovata and Mnemiopsis leidyi, and assessment of the parameters of their interaction in the Middle Caspian Sea.Material and Methods. The material was obtained in the western and eastern parts of the Middle Caspian Sea in September–October 2022. Large ctenophores were collected using a big cone plankton net with a 0.5 m2 opening and a 500 μm, mesh size. The number and size of large ctenophores were determined immediately after collection, larvae and eggs were counted in samples fixed with formalin to a final concentration of 4%. Zooplankton samples were collected by the Juday plankton net (0.1 m2 opening, 180 μm mesh size).Results. In September‐October 2022, a developed population of Вeroe ovata with active reproduction was recorded in the waters of the Middle Caspian Sea. The habitat area of B. ovata has significantly expanded to the north compared to 2021. Complete suppression of the Mnemiopsis population by the Beroe was observed on most of the western and eastern shelf, as well. The total number of Beroe reached 48 ind/m2, biomass – 12 g/m2. Single large individuals were found in the north of the Middle Caspian Sea at salinity 5.7 psu. The structure of mesozooplankton was still dominated by the small copepod Acartia tonsa.Conclusion. New data indicate the active development of the Вeroe ovata in the Caspian Sea, which presents a fundamental challenge for the restoration of the Caspian ecosystem. The progressive adaptation of Beroe to the conditions of the Caspian Sea has led to its expansion to the north of the Middle Caspian Sea in areas with low salinity. A complete suppression of the M. Leidyi population by the new alien noted on most of the shelf indicates an increase in its pressure on the Mnemiopsis population compared to the corresponding period of 2021.

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Fucik, E. M. "Discussion of “ Curriculum for Future Civil Engineers: Practitioner's Viewpoint ” by Guy E. Jester (October, 1989, Vol. 115, No. 4)." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 118, no. 1 (January 1992): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1992)118:1(78).

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Grigg, Neil S. "Discussion of “ Curriculum for Future Civil Engineers: Practitioner's Viewpoint ” by Guy E. Jester (October, 1989, Vol. 115, No. 4)." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 118, no. 1 (January 1992): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1992)118:1(78.2).

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Jester, Guy E. "Closure to “ Curriculum for Future Civil Engineers: Practitioner's Viewpoint ” by Guy E. Jester (October, 1989, Vol. 115, No. 4)." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 118, no. 1 (January 1992): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1992)118:1(81.2).

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Hayes, John M. "Discussion of “ Is Advanced Technology “The Gateway to Irresponsibility”? ” by Jon E. Zufelt (October, 1989, Vol. 115, No. 4)." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 118, no. 1 (January 1992): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1992)118:1(81.3).

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Zufelt, Jon E. "Closure to “ Is Advanced Technology “The Gateway to Irresponsibility”? ” by Jon E. Zufelt (October, 1989, Vol. 115, No. 4)." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 118, no. 1 (January 1992): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1992)118:1(82.2).

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44

Duchesne, Isabelle, Jacques-André Rioux, and Michèle Beaudry. "COLD HARDINESS OF CORNUS ALBA `ARGENTEO-MARGINATA' AND WEIGELA FLORIDA `RUMBA' UNDER DIFFERENT FALL FERTILIZER TREATMENTS." HortScience 29, no. 4 (April 1994): 248f—249. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.4.248f.

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Effects of fall fertilization programs on cold hardiness of young Cornus alba `Argenteo-marginata' and Weigela florida `Rumba' plants were examined. At the end of Summer 1992, four fertilization programs were applied to 1-year-old woody plants that were propagated in 1991 by cuttings. Fertilization treatments were as follows: 1) discontinuation of liquid fertilizer treatments on 30 Aug., 2) decreasing N concentration (100 to 0 mg·liter-1 of 20N–20P–20K) from 15 Aug. to 30 Sept., 3) constant N concentration (100 mg·liter-1 of 20N–20P–20K) from 15 Aug. to 30 Sept., and 4) high K concentration (110 mg·liter-1 of 7N–11P–27K) from 15 Aug. to 30 Sept. Whole plants were then removed from pots and roots were cleaned. Plants were then placed under freezing temperatures from 0 to –20C at 2C intervals, with plant samplings done three times during fall—at the end of September, October, and November. After the freezing test, plants were stored at –2C and repotted in May 1993 for winter injury evaluation. Preliminary results indicated that the four fertilization programs did not induce a significant effect on cold hardiness of the two species. However, it was clear that the degree of cold hardiness was different for each species: Weigela was ≈10 degrees less hardy compared to Cornus in September and October. In November, species demonstrated hardiness at temperatures less than –20C. Cornus also showed cold hardiness at less than –20C in October.

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Zapf, Patricia A., and Ronald Roesch. "Fitness to Stand Trial: Characteristics of Remands since the 1992 Criminal Code Amendments." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 3 (April 1998): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300308.

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Objective: To examine the characteristics of a sample of remands after the introduction of the 1992 Criminal Code amendments, to compare those deemed fit with those deemed unfit as the result of an institution-based evaluation of fitness, and to determine the impact of the Code changes on one's detention period by investigating the length of time that individuals were held on remand. Method: File information was collected and analyzed for 180 males who were remanded for inpatient evaluations of their fitness to stand trial between October 1994 and July 1995. Results: The results indicated that remanded defendants are more likely to be single, unemployed, and living alone and that unfit defendants are significantly more likely to have never been married. As well, individuals who were found to be unfit to stand trial were significantly less likely to have been diagnosed with a drug- or alcohol-use disorder and were 4 times more likely to have been diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. The results also indicated that while the 1992 Criminal Code revisions called for a 5-day evaluation period, it appears that this is rarely accomplished, and, in fact, the average length of time for an assessment of fitness is 23 days. Finally, the majority of remanded individuals are certified and treated with psychotropic medications while on remand. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the fitness remand period is being used for purposes other than assessing fitness.

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Jones, Laura E., and Donald V. Helmberger. "Earthquake source parameters and fault kinematics in the eastern California shear zone." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 88, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 1337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0880061337.

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Abstract Based on waveform data from a profile of aftershocks following the north-south trace of the 28 June 1992 Landers rupture across the Mojave desert, we construct a new velocity model for the Mojave region that features a thin, slow crust. Using this model, we obtain source parameters, including depth and duration, for each of the aftershocks in the profile and, in addition, any significant (M > 3.7) Joshua Tree-Landers aftershock between April 1992 and October 1994 for which coherent TERRAscope data were available. In all, we determine source parameters and stress drops for 45 significant (Mw > 4) earthquakes associated with the Joshua Tree and Landers sequences, using a waveform grid-search algorithm. Stress drops for these earthquakes appear to vary systematically with location, with respect to previous seismic activity, proximity to previous rupture (i.e., with respect to the Landers rupture), and with tectonic province. In general, for areas north of the Pinto Mountain fault, stress drops of aftershocks located off the faults involved with the Landers rupture are higher than those located on the fault, with the exception of aftershocks on the newly recognized Kickapoo (Landers) fault. Stress drops are moderate south of the Pinto Mountain fault, where there is a history of seismic swarms but no single throughgoing fault. In contrast to aftershocks in the eastern Transverse ranges, and related to the 1992 Big Bear, California, sequence, Landers events show no clear relationship between stress drop and depth. Instead, higher stress-drop aftershocks appear to correlate with activity on nascent faults or those that experienced relatively small slip during mainshock rupture.

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Askew, George L., Daniel M. Sosin, Lyn Finelli, Carol A. Genese, Faye E. Sorhage, and Kenneth C. Spitalny. "Boilerbaisse: An Outbreak of Methemoglobinemia in New Jersey in 1992." Pediatrics 94, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.3.381.

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Background. On October 20, 1992, > 40 children from one elementary school visited the school nurse due to the acute onset of blue lips and hands, vomiting, and headache during and after the school lunch periods. Forty-nine children were seen by physicians that day and 14 were hospitalized. Laboratory analysis revealed methemoglobinemia in many of the children. All recovered in 36 hours. Objective. A case-control study was supplemented by environmental and laboratory investigations to determine the outbreak source. Methods. Cases were selected based on the laboratory diagnosis of methemoglobinemia (methemoglobin level > 2%). Children whose methemoglobin levels were missing or < 2% were excluded from analysis. Controls were obtained by selecting every third name from a school roster. The parents of 29 students who met the case definition and 52 controls were interviewed. Results. All 29 cases and 33% (17/52) of the controls ate soup during the school lunch (odds ratio undefined, lower 95% confidence limit 16.1). Two pots of soup were prepared from ready-to-serve cans, which were diluted with water and enriched with a commercially prepared flavor enhancer. The school's boiler, dormant during the previous 5 months, was restarted on the morning of the outbreak. The boiler also served as a tankless hot water heater. Laboratory analysis of the soup identified abnormally high quantities of nitrite (459 ppm) and sodium metaborate, major components of the boiler water treatment solution. Undiluted soup from the same lot had 2.0 ppm nitrites; the flavor enhancer had 2.2 ppm nitrites. Nitrites were present in the hot potable water system (4 to 10 ppm) and absent in the cold potable water system. Conclusions. This outbreak of methemoglobinemia due to nitrite poisoning was traced to soup contaminated by nitrites in a boiler additive. Nitrites are ubiquitous and potentially hazardous inorganic ions. Extreme caution should be used when the possibility for toxic human exposure to nitrites exists.

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Steinhagen, H., A. Christoph, P. Czechowsky, U. Görsdorf, M. Gube-Lenhardt, J. Lippmann, J. Neisser, et al. "Field campaign for the comparison of SOUSY radar wind measurements with rawinsonde and model data." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 8 (July 31, 1994): 746–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0746-4.

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Abstract. A field campaign was carried out from 26 October to 7 November 1992, using the SOUSY-VHF radar and a mobile rawinsonde system installed and operated nearby to produce vertical wind profiles. The purpose of this campaign was to compare the two types of wind measurements with one another and with results from forecast models. Numerical algorithms were developed and applied to the radar data in order to eliminate random errors, correct for velocity aliasing, and calculate the effective zenith angle of the off-vertical beams. Differences between wind profiler data and rawinsonde or model results depend not only upon the errors of the different systems, but also on temporal and spatial variations of the wind field. Therefore, methods for the comparison of radar and rawinsonde data were developed which take into consideration these variations. The practical potential of these methods is demonstrated by comparisons of rawinsonde and radar wind profiles. The comparison of radar data and model output shows excellent agreement in the direction and in the speed of the wind at virtually all altitudes. An evaluation of the quality of wind profiler measurements is possible using the estimation of variance and variability of wind components.

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Schulz, Horst, and Sigrid Härtling. "Biochemical Parameters as Biomarkers for the Early Recognition of Environmental Pollution on Scots Pine Trees. II. The Antioxidative Metabolites Ascorbic Acid, Glutathione, α-Tocopherol and the Enzymes Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Reductase." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 56, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2001): 767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2001-9-1015.

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AbstractField investigations with Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) were performed in eastern Germany, where ambient SO2, NOx and O3 concentrations differed significantly in 1992-99 at three sites, namely Neuglobsow (yearly mean SO2 in 1992: 9 μg m-3), Taura (yearly mean SO2 in 1992: 54 μg m-3 and Rösa (yearly mean SO2 in 1992: 73 μg m-3). To investigate the effects of SO2, NOx and O3 on antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, glutathione, glutathione reductase, α-tocopherol) and pigments including chlorophyll fluorescence as well as visible damage symptoms in the form of needle yellowing and tip necroses, needles of the 1st and 2nd age class from young and mature trees were collected at the sites every October. Eight years after the start of the field study in 1992, the ambient SO2 concentrations had decreased significantly at Neuglobsow (yearly mean SO2 in 1999: 4 μg m-3), Taura (yearly mean SO2 in 1999: 5 μg m-3) and Rösa (yearly mean SO2 in 1999: 5 μg m-3). NOx and O3 differed less at the three sites and showed no temporal variations. Whole needle glutathione continuously decreased, although concentrations were higher in needles of the 1 st and 2nd age class from the polluted sites Taura and Rösa than the unpolluted site Neuglobsow. The activities of glutathione reductase exhibited the same site-related differences and temporal variations and were correlated with concentrations of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). In contrast, the activities of the enzyme superoxide dismutase and the concentrations of whole needle ascorbic acid remained unchanged over the period. Only at the end of the investigation period did the concentrations of oxidized ascorbic acid (dehydroascorbate) increase in six-month-old needles at the polluted sites Taura and Rösa. Despite the clear decreases in SO2, the visible symptoms of needle tip necroses remained unchanged, especially at the polluted sites Taura and Rösa, although the needles contained higher pigment concentrations than needles from the unpolluted sites. The results of measurements with antioxidants as biomarkers for SO2-mediated stress in pine needles show that the adult Scots pine trees at the polluted sites suffered from greater oxidative stress than the needles from the less polluted site.

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Gianelli, William R. "Discussion of “ Impact of Water‐Quality Policies on Water Availability ” by Thomas S. Maddock (October, 1990, Vol. 116, No. 4)." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 118, no. 1 (January 1992): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1992)118:1(104.2).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mozambique. 1992 October 4'

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