Journal articles on the topic 'Moving debris detection'
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1
Yang, Xiaoqi, Kai Huo, Xinyu Zhang, Weidong Jiang, and Yong Chen. "A Clutter-Analysis-Based STAP for Moving FOD Detection on Runways." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030549.
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Security risks and economic losses of civil aviation caused by Foreign Object Debris (FOD) have increased rapidly. Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) with high resolutions potentially have the capability to detect FODs on the runways, but the target echo is hard to be distinguished from strong clutter. This paper proposes a clutter-analysis-based Space-time Adaptive Processing (STAP) method in order to obtain effective clutter suppression and moving FOD indication, under inhomogeneous clutter background. Specifically, we first divide the radar coverage into equal scattering cells in the rectangular coordinates system rather than the polar ones. We then measure normalized RCSs within the X-band and employ the acquired results to modify the parameters of traditional models. Finally, we describe the clutter expressions as responses of the scattering cells in space and time domain to obtain the theoretical clutter covariance. Experimental results at 10 GHz show that FODs with a reflection higher than −30 dBsm can be effectively detected by a Linear Constraint Minimum Variance (LCMV) filter in azimuth when the noise is −60 dBm. It is also validated to indicate a −40 dBsm target in Doppler. Our approach can obtain effective clutter suppression 60dB deeper than the training-sample-coupled STAP under the same conditions.
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Bossi, G., M. Cavalli, S. Crema, S. Frigerio, B. Quan Luna, M. Mantovani, G. Marcato, L. Schenato, and A. Pasuto. "Multi temporal LiDAR-DTMs as a tool for modelling a complex landslide: a case study in the Rotolon catchment (Eastern Italian Alps)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 10 (October 10, 2014): 6453–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-6453-2014.
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Abstract. The geomorphological change detection through the comparison of repeated topographic surveys is a recent approach that benefits greatly from the latest developments in topographical data acquisition techniques. Among them, airborne LiDAR makes the monitoring of geomorphological changes a more reliable and accurate approach for natural hazard and risk management. In this study, two LiDAR-DTMs (2 m resolution) were acquired just before and after a complex 340 000 m3 landslide event (4 November 2010) that generated a debris flow in the channel of the Rotolon catchment (Eastern Italian Alps). The analysis of these data was used to set up the initial condition for the application of a dynamic model. The comparison between the pre- and post-event DTMs allowed to identify erosion and depositional areas and the volume of the landslide. The knowledge of the phenomenon dynamics was the base of a sound back-analysis of the event with the 3-D numerical model DAN3D. This particular code was selected for its capability to modify the rheology and the parameters of the moving mass during run-out, as actually observed along the path of the 2010 debris flow. Nowadays some portions of Mt. Rotolon flank are still moving and show signs of detachment. The same soil parameters used in the back-analysis model could be used to simulate the run-out for possible future landslides allowing to generate reliable risk scenarios useful for awareness of civil defense and strategy on emergency plans.
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Bossi, G., M. Cavalli, S. Crema, S. Frigerio, B. Quan Luna, M. Mantovani, G. Marcato, L. Schenato, and A. Pasuto. "Multi-temporal LiDAR-DTMs as a tool for modelling a complex landslide: a case study in the Rotolon catchment (eastern Italian Alps)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-715-2015.
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Abstract. The geomorphological change detection through the comparison of repeated topographic surveys is a recent approach that benefits greatly from the latest developments in topographical data acquisition techniques. Among them, airborne LiDAR makes the monitoring of geomorphological changes a more reliable and accurate approach for natural hazard and risk management. In this study, two LiDAR digital terrain models (DTMs) (2 m resolution) were acquired just before and after a complex 340 000 m3 landslide event (4 November 2010) that generated a debris flow in the channel of the Rotolon catchment (eastern Italian Alps). The analysis of these data was used to set up the initial condition for the application of a dynamic model. The comparison between the pre- and post-event DTMs allowed us to identify erosion and depositional areas and the volume of the landslide. The knowledge of the phenomenon dynamics was the base of a sound back analysis of the event with the 3-D numerical model DAN3D. This particular code was selected for its capability to modify the rheology and the parameters of the moving mass during run-out, as actually observed along the path of the 2010 debris flow. Nowadays some portions of Mt. Rotolon flank are still moving and show signs of detachment. The same soil parameters used in the back-analysis model could be used to simulate the run-out for possible future landslides, allowing us to generate reliable risk scenarios useful for awareness of civil defense and strategy of emergency plans.
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Sissa, E., J. Olofsson, A. Vigan, J. C. Augereau, V. D’Orazi, S. Desidera, R. Gratton, et al. "New disk discovered with VLT/SPHERE around the M star GSC 07396−00759." Astronomy & Astrophysics 613 (May 2018): L6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832740.
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Debris disks are usually detected through the infrared excess over the photospheric level of their host star. The most favorable stars for disk detection are those with spectral types between A and K, while the statistics for debris disks detected around low-mass M-type stars is very low, either because they are rare or because they are more difficult to detect. Terrestrial planets, on the other hand, may be common around M-type stars. Here, we report on the discovery of an extended (likely) debris disk around the M-dwarf GSC 07396−00759. The star is a wide companion of the close accreting binary V4046 Sgr. The system probably is a member of the β Pictoris Moving Group. We resolve the disk in scattered light, exploiting high-contrast, high-resolution imagery with the two near-infrared subsystems of the VLT/SPHERE instrument, operating in the Y J bands and the H2H3 doublet. The disk is clearly detected up to 1.5′′ (~110 au) from the star and appears as a ring, with an inclination i ~ 83°, and a peak density position at ~70 au. The spatial extension of the disk suggests that the dust dynamics is affected by a strong stellar wind, showing similarities with the AU Mic system that has also been resolved with SPHERE. The images show faint asymmetric structures at the widest separation in the northwest side. We also set an upper limit for the presence of giant planets to 2 MJ. Finally, we note that the 2 resolved disks around M-type stars of 30 such stars observed with SPHERE are viewed close to edge-on, suggesting that a significant population of debris disks around M dwarfs could remain undetected because of an unfavorable orientation.
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Almeida, Sílvia, Marko Radeta, Tomoya Kataoka, João Canning-Clode, Miguel Pessanha Pais, Rúben Freitas, and João Gama Monteiro. "Designing Unmanned Aerial Survey Monitoring Program to Assess Floating Litter Contamination." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010084.
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Monitoring marine contamination by floating litter can be particularly challenging since debris are continuously moving over a large spatial extent pushed by currents, waves, and winds. Floating litter contamination have mostly relied on opportunistic surveys from vessels, modeling and, more recently, remote sensing with spectral analysis. This study explores how a low-cost commercial unmanned aircraft system equipped with a high-resolution RGB camera can be used as an alternative to conduct floating litter surveys in coastal waters or from vessels. The study compares different processing and analytical strategies and discusses operational constraints. Collected UAS images were analyzed using three different approaches: (i) manual counting (MC), using visual inspection and image annotation with object counts as a baseline; (ii) pixel-based detection, an automated color analysis process to assess overall contamination; and (iii) machine learning (ML), automated object detection and identification using state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNNs). Our findings illustrate that MC still remains the most precise method for classifying different floating objects. ML still has a heterogeneous performance in correctly identifying different classes of floating litter; however, it demonstrates promising results in detecting floating items, which can be leveraged to scale up monitoring efforts and be used in automated analysis of large sets of imagery to assess relative floating litter contamination.
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Shi, Di, Taimur Aftab, Gunnar Gidion, Fatma Sayed, and Leonhard M. Reindl. "A Novel Electrically Small Ground-Penetrating Radar Patch Antenna with a Parasitic Ring for Respiration Detection." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21061930.
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An electrically small patch antenna with a low-cost high-permittivity ceramic substrate material for use in a ground-penetrating radar is proposed in this work. The antenna is based on a commercial ceramic 915 MHz patch antenna with a size of 25 × 25 × 4 mm3 and a weight of 12.9 g. The influences of the main geometric parameters on the antenna’s electromagnetic characteristics were comprehensively studied. Three bandwidth improvement techniques were sequentially applied to optimize the antenna: tuning the key geometric parameters, adding cuts on the edges, and adding parasitic radiators. The designed antenna operates at around 1.3 GHz and has more than 40 MHz continuous −3 dB bandwidth. In comparison to the original antenna, the −3 and −6 dB fractional bandwidth is improved by 1.8 times and 4 times, respectively. Two antennas of the proposed design together with a customized radar were installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for a quick search for survivors after earthquakes or gas explosions without exposing the rescue staff to the uncertain dangers of moving on the debris.
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Vouillamoz, Naomi, Sabrina Rothmund, and Manfred Joswig. "Characterizing the complexity of microseismic signals at slow-moving clay-rich debris slides: the Super-Sauze (southeastern France) and Pechgraben (Upper Austria) case studies." Earth Surface Dynamics 6, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 525–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-525-2018.
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Abstract. Soil and debris slides are prone to rapid and dramatic reactivation. Deformation within the instability is accommodated by sliding, whereby weak seismic energies are released through material deformation. Thus, passive microseismic monitoring provides information that relates to the slope dynamics. In this study, passive microseismic data acquired at Super-Sauze (southeastern France) and Pechgraben (Upper Austria) slow-moving clay-rich debris slides (“clayey landslides”) are investigated. Observations are benchmarked against previous similar case studies to provide a comprehensive and homogenized typology of microseismic signals at clayey landslides. A thorough knowledge of the various microseismic signals generated by slope deformation is crucial for the future development of automatic detection systems to be implemented in landslide early-warning systems. Detected signals range from short-duration (< 2 s) quake-like signals to a wide variety of longer-duration tremor-like radiations (> 2 s – several min). The complexity of seismic velocity structures, the low quantity and low quality of available signal onsets and non-optimal seismic network geometry severely impedes the source location procedure; thus, rendering source processes characterization challenging. Therefore, we constrain sources' locations using the prominent waveform amplitude attenuation pattern characteristic of near-source area (< about 50 m) landslide-induced microseismic events. A local magnitude scale for clayey landslides (ML−LS) is empirically calibrated using calibration shots and hammer blow data. The derived ML−LS returns daily landslide-induced microseismicity rates that positively correlate with higher average daily displacement rates. However, high temporal and spatial resolution analyses of the landslide dynamics and hydrology are required to better decipher the potential relations linking landslide-induced microseismic signals to landslide deformation.
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Setterfield, Timothy P., David W. Miller, John J. Leonard, and Alvar Saenz-Otero. "Mapping and determining the center of mass of a rotating object using a moving observer." International Journal of Robotics Research 37, no. 1 (January 2018): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364917749024.
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For certain applications, such as on-orbit inspection of orbital debris, defunct satellites, and natural objects, it is necessary to obtain a map of a rotating object from a moving observer, as well to estimate the object’s center of mass. This paper addresses these tasks using an observer that measures its own orientation, angular rate, and acceleration, and is equipped with a dense 3D visual sensor, such as a stereo camera or a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor. The observer’s trajectory is estimated independently of the target object’s rotational motion. Pose-graph mapping is performed using visual odometry to estimate the observer’s trajectory in an arbitrary target-fixed frame. In addition to applying pose constraint factors between successive frames, loop closure is performed between temporally non-adjacent frames. A kinematic constraint on the target-fixed frame, resulting from the rigidity of the target object, is exploited to create a novel rotation kinematic factor. This factor connects a trajectory estimation factor graph with the mapping pose graph, and facilitates estimation of the target’s center of mass. Map creation is performed by transforming detected feature points into the target-fixed frame, centered at the estimated center of mass. Analysis of the algorithm’s computational performance reveals that its computational cost is negligible compared with that of the requisite image processing.
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Shi, Xiaoshi, Zuoliang Tang, Yihan Wang, Hong Xie, and Lijia Xu. "HOG-SVM Impurity Detection Method for Chinese Liquor (Baijiu) Based on Adaptive GMM Fusion Frame Difference." Foods 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11101444.
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Chinese liquor (Baijiu) is one of the four major distilled spirits in the world. At present, liquor products containing impurities still exist on the market, which not only damage corporate image but also endanger consumer health. Due to the production process and packaging technologies, impurities usually appear in products of Baijiu before entering the market, such as glass debris, mosquitoes, aluminium scraps, hair, and fibres. In this paper, a novel method for detecting impurities in bottled Baijiu is proposed. Firstly, the region of interest (ROI) is cropped by analysing the histogram projection of the original image to eliminate redundant information. Secondly, to adjust the number of distributions in the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) dynamically, multiple unmatched distributions are removed and distributions with similar means are merged in the process of modelling the GMM background. Then, to adaptively change the learning rates of the front and background pixels, the learning rate of the pixel model is created by combining the frame difference results of the sequence images. Finally, a histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features of the moving targets is extracted, and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model is chosen to exclude bubble interference. The experimental results show that this impurity detection method for bottled Baijiu controls the missed rate by within 1% and the false detection rate by around 3% of impurities. Its speed is five times faster than manual inspection and its repeatability index is good, indicating that the overall performance of the proposed method is better than manual inspection with a lamp. This method is not only efficient and fast, but also provides practical, theoretical, and technical support for impurity detection of bottled Baijiu that has broad application prospects.
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Dabiri, Z., D. Hölbling, L. Abad, G. Prasicek, A. L. Argentin, and T. T. Tsai. "AN OBJECT-BASED APPROACH FOR MONITORING THE EVOLUTION OF LANDSLIDE-DAMMED LAKES AND DETECTING TRIGGERING LANDSLIDES IN TAIWAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W8 (August 20, 2019): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w8-103-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In August 2009, Typhoon Morakot caused a record-breaking rainfall in Taiwan. The heavy rainfall triggered thousands of landslides, in particular in the central-southern part of the island. Large landslides can block rivers and can lead to the formation of landslide-dammed lakes. Cascading hazards like floods and debris flows after landslide dam breaches pose a high risk for people and infrastructure downstream. Thus, better knowledge about landslides that significantly impact the channel system and about the resulting landslide-dammed lakes are key elements for assessing the direct and indirect hazards caused by the moving mass. The main objectives of this study are 1) to develop an object-based image analysis (OBIA) approach for semi-automated detection of landslides that caused the formation of landslide-dammed lakes and 2) to monitor the evolution of landslide-dammed lakes based on Landsat imagery. For landslide and lake mapping, primarily spectral indices and contextual information were used. By integrating morphological and hydrological parameters derived from a digital elevation model (DEM) into the OBIA framework, we automatically identified landslide-dammed lakes, and the landslides that likely caused the formation of those lakes, due to the input of large amounts of debris into the channel system. The proposed approach can be adapted to other remote sensing platforms and can be used to monitor the evolution of landslide-dammed lakes and triggering landslides at regional scale after typhoon and heavy rainstorm events within an efficient time range after suitable remote sensing data has been provided.</p>
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Sviridov, K. N., and A. E. Tyulin. "Multi-Aperture Optical System of Photon Counting in the Image for Aberration-Free Space Debris Observations through a Turbulent Atmosphere (Part II)." Rocket-space device engineering and information systems 8, no. 3 (2021): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30894/issn2409-0239.2021.8.3.20.36.
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The paper considers the principles of construction and application strategies of the ground optical system for space debris monitoring protected by the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention. The aim of this invention was to increase the diffraction resolution of the formed images of a small space object and improve the accuracy of restoration of the module undistorted by the atmosphere and phase of its spatial spectrum. To achieve this goal, formation of atmospherically distorted images of a space object is carried out by a coherent matrix of M moving telescopes of the diameter D in the process of space-time aperture synthesis, which directs the combined subbeams from moving telescopes along the tracks to the center of the matrix, where the stationary base is placed, which performs both coherent combination of subbeams and detection of formed series of N images with their subsequent registration and processing. During statistical processing of moduli and phases of spatial spectra of registered images, the island nature of the optical transfer function (OTF) of matrix along the ellipses of coherence and its semi-island in the radial direction extending from the center of the spatial frequency domain to the cutoff frequency of the synthesized aperture of the diameter Dэ is taken into account. The positive effect of using this invention is that the coherent operation of the matrix provides a gain in the diffraction resolution of Dэ/D times (Dэ/D 1), and an increase of D/r0 times, where r0 is the atmospheric fluctuations correlation radius, the accuracy of restoration of the undistorted by the atmosphere module and phase of the space spectrum from the object by the proposed smoothing procedure allows reducing by the same factor (D/r0 1) the required number of N registrations in series reducing the total monitoring time.
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Grillmair, Carl J. "The Extended Tidal Tails of NGC 7089 (M2)." Astrophysical Journal 929, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5bd7.
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Abstract Using photometry and proper motions from Gaia Early Data Release 3, we detect a 45° long trailing stellar debris stream associated with the old, metal-poor globular cluster NGC 7089. With a width on the order of 100 pc, the extended stream appears to be as dynamically cold as the coldest known streams found to date. There is some evidence for an extended leading tail extending between 28° and 37° from the cluster, though the greater distance of this tail, combined with proper motions that are virtually indistinguishable from those of foreground stars, make the detection much less certain. The proper motion profile and the path on the sky of the trailing tail are not well matched using a simple Galactic potential composed purely of a disk, bulge, and spherical halo. However, the addition of a moving, massive (M = 1.88 × 1011 M ⊙) Large Magellanic Cloud brings the model predictions into much better agreement with the observables. We provide tables of the most highly ranked candidate stream stars for follow-up by ongoing and future spectroscopic surveys.
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Staines, Garrett J., Robert P. Mueller, Andrew C. Seitz, Mark D. Evans, Patrick W. O’Byrne, and Martin Wosnik. "Capabilities of an Acoustic Camera to Inform Fish Collision Risk with Current Energy Converter Turbines." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040483.
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A diversified energy portfolio may include marine energy in the form of current energy converters (CECs) such as tidal or in-river turbines. New technology development in the research stage typically requires monitoring for environmental effects. A significant environmental effect of concern for CECs is the risk of moving parts (e.g., turbine blades) colliding with animals such as fishes. CECs are installed in energetic locations in which it is difficult to operate sensors to fulfill monitoring requirements for informing collision risk. Collecting data (i.e., about blade strikes or near-misses) that inform interactions of fishes with CECs is usually attempted using active acoustic sensors or video cameras (VCs). Limitations of low-light conditions or water turbidity that preclude effective use of VCs are overcome by using high-resolution multibeam echosounders (or acoustic cameras (ACs)). We used an AC at two sites to test its ability to detect artificial and real fish targets and determine if strike, near-miss, and near-field behavior could be observed. Interactions with fish and artificial targets with turbines have been documented but strike confirmation with an AC is novel. The first site was in a tidal estuary with a 25 kW turbine and water clarity sufficient to allow VC data to be collected concurrently with AC data showing turbine blade strike on tethered artificial fish targets. The second site was a turbid, debris-laden river with a 5 kW turbine where only AC data were collected due to high water turbidity. Data collection at the second site coincided with downstream Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) smolt migration. Physical fish capture downstream of the turbine was performed with an incline plane trap (IPT) to provide context for the AC observations, by comparing fish catches. Discrimination between debris and fishes in the AC data was not possible, because active movement of fishes was not discernable. Nineteen fishes were released upstream of the turbine to provide known times of possible fish/turbine interactions, but detection was difficult to confirm in the AC data. ACs have been used extensively in past studies to count large migratory fish such as Pacific salmon, but their application for small fish targets has been limited. The results from these two field campaigns demonstrate the ability of ACs to detect targets in turbid water and observe blade strikes, as well as their limitations such as the difficulty of distinguishing small fishes from debris in a high-energy turbid river. Recommendations are presented for future applications associated with CEC device testing.
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Launhardt, R., Th Henning, A. Quirrenbach, D. Ségransan, H. Avenhaus, R. van Boekel, S. S. Brems, et al. "ISPY-NACO Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars." Astronomy & Astrophysics 635 (March 2020): A162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937000.
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Context. The occurrence rate of long-period (a ≳ 50 au) giant planets around young stars is highly uncertain since it is not only governed by the protoplanetary disc structure and planet formation process, but also reflects both dynamical re-structuring processes after planet formation as well as possible capture of planets not formed in situ. Direct imaging is currently the only feasible method to detect such wide-orbit planets and constrain their occurrence rate. Aims. We aim to detect and characterise wide-orbit giant planets during and shortly after their formation phase within protoplanetary and debris discs around nearby young stars. Methods. We carry out a large L′-band high-contrast direct imaging survey for giant planets around 200 young stars with protoplanetary or debris discs using the NACO instrument at the ESO Very Large Telescope on Cerro Paranal in Chile. We use very deep angular differential imaging observations with typically >60° field rotation, and employ a vector vortex coronagraph where feasible to achieve the best possible point source sensitivity down to an inner working angle of about 100 mas. This paper introduces the NACO Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars (NACO-ISPY), its goals and strategy, the target list, and data reduction scheme, and presents preliminary results from the first 2.5 survey years. Results. We achieve a mean 5 σ contrast of ΔL′ = 6.4 ± 0.1 mag at 150 mas and a background limit of L′bg = 16.5±0.2 mag at >1.′′5. Our detection probability is >50% for companions with ≳8 MJup at semi-major axes of 80–200 au and >13 MJup at 30–250 au. It thus compares well to the detection space of other state-of-the-art high-contrast imaging surveys. We have already contributed to the characterisation of two new planets originally discovered by VLT/SPHERE, but we have not yet independently discovered new planets around any of our target stars. We have discovered two new close-in low-mass stellar companions around R CrA and HD 193571 and report in this paper the discovery of close co-moving low-mass stellar companions around HD 72660 and HD 92536. Furthermore, we report L′-band scattered light images of the discs around eleven stars, six of which have never been imaged at L′-band before. Conclusions. The first 2.5 yr of the NACO-ISPY survey have already demonstrated that VLT/NACO combined with our survey strategy can achieve the anticipated sensitivity to detect giant planets and reveal new close stellar companions around our target stars.
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Miret-Roig, N., N. Huélamo, and H. Bouy. "Searching for debris discs in the 30 Myr open cluster IC 4665." Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (September 2020): A156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038205.
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Context. Debris discs orbiting young stars are key to understanding dust evolution and the planetary formation process. We take advantage of a recent membership analysis of the 30 Myr nearby open cluster IC 4665 based on the Gaia and DANCe surveys to revisit the disc population of this cluster. Aims. We aim to study the disc population of IC 4665 using Spitzer (MIPS and IRAC) and WISE photometry. Methods. We use several colour–colour diagrams with empirical photospheric sequences to detect the sources with an infrared excess. Independently, we also fit the spectral energy distribution (SED) of our debris-disc candidates with the Virtual Observatory SED analyser (VOSA) which is capable of automatically detecting infrared excesses and provides effective temperature estimates. Results. We find six candidate debris-disc host stars (five with MIPS and one with WISE), two of which are new candidates. We estimate a disc fraction of 24 ± 10% for the B–A stars, where our sample is expected to be complete. This is similar to what has been reported in other clusters of similar ages (Upper Centaurus Lupus, Lower Centaurus Crux, the β Pictoris moving group, and the Pleiades). For solar-type stars we find a disc fraction of 9 ± 9%, which is lower than that observed in regions with comparable ages. Conclusions. Our candidate debris-disc host stars are excellent targets to be studied with ALMA or the future James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
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Li, Hongwei, Chao Li, Shiyou Wu, Shen Zheng, and Guangyou Fang. "Adaptive 3D Imaging for Moving Targets Based on a SIMO InISAR Imaging System in 0.2 THz Band." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040782.
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Terahertz (THz) imaging technology has received increased attention in recent years and has been widely applied, whereas the three-dimensional (3D) imaging for moving targets remains to be solved. In this paper, an adaptive 3D imaging scheme is proposed based on a single input and multi-output (SIMO) interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar (InISAR) imaging system to achieve 3D images of moving targets in THz band. With a specially designed SIMO antenna array, the angular information of the targets can be determined using the phase response difference in different receiving channels, which then enables accurate tracking by adaptively adjusting the antenna beam direction. On the basis of stable tracking, the high-resolution imaging can be achieved. A combined motion compensation method is proposed to produce well-focused and coherent inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images from different channels, based on which the interferometric imaging is performed, thus forming the 3D imaging results. Lastly, proof-of-principle experiments were performed with a 0.2 THz SIMO imaging system, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Non-cooperative moving targets were accurately tracked and the 3D images obtained clearly identify the targets. Moreover, the dynamic imaging results of the moving targets were achieved. The promising results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme over the existing THz imaging systems in realizing 3D imaging for moving targets. The proposed scheme shows great potential in detecting and monitoring moving targets with non-cooperative movement, including unmanned military vehicles and space debris.
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Sam, Lydia, Anshuman Bhardwaj, Shaktiman Singh, and Rajesh Kumar. "Remote sensing flow velocity of debris-covered glaciers using Landsat 8 data." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 2 (July 13, 2015): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315593894.
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Changes in ice velocity of a glacier regulate its mass balance and dynamics. The estimation of glacier flow velocity is therefore an important aspect of temporal glacier monitoring. The utilisation of conventional ground-based techniques for detecting glacier surface flow velocity in the rugged and alpine Himalayan terrain is extremely difficult. Remote sensing-based techniques can provide such observations on a regular basis for a large geographical area. Obtaining freely available high quality remote sensing data for the Himalayan regions is challenging. In the present work, we adopted a differential band composite approach, for the first time, in order to estimate glacier surface velocity for non-debris and supraglacial debris covered areas of a glacier, separately. We employed various bandwidths of the Landsat 8 data for velocity estimation using the COSI-Corr (co-registration of optically sensed images and correlation) tool. We performed the accuracy assessment with respect to field measurements for two glaciers in the Indian Himalaya. The panchromatic band worked best for non-debris parts of the glaciers while band 6 (SWIR – short wave infrared) performed best in case of debris cover. We correlated six temporal Landsat 8 scenes in order to ensure the performance of the proposed algorithm on monthly as well as yearly timescales. We identified sources of error and generated a final velocity map along with the flow lines. Over- and underestimates of the yearly glacier velocity were found to be more in the case of slow moving areas with annual displacements less than 5 m. Landsat 8 has great capabilities for such velocity estimation work for a large geographic extent because of its global coverage, improved spectral and radiometric resolutions, free availability and considerable revisit time.
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Sun, Rongyu, Shengxian Yu, Changyin Zhao, and Wei Zhang. "Algorithms for surveying and cataloguing space debris utilizing a wide field of view telescope." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 71, no. 4 (July 10, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psz046.
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Abstract Optical surveys using astronomical telescopes are an efficient way to observe and catalogue space debris, especially for detecting debris in medium or geostationary Earth orbits. Nowadays, small aperture and wide field of view telescopes are widely used and play significant roles in optical space debris surveys. However, special challenges arise since space debris is moving relatively to the background stars and the optics suffer from defects. This affects the efficiency of traditional source extraction methods. Here, a dedicated image processing technique is developed to automatically detect and measure space debris from consecutive CCD images. In order to improve the detection efficiency and robustness, several innovative algorithms are introduced to eliminate noise and increase the object detection ability, and the whole pipeline is optimized to reduce the raw images in real time. A trial survey with a wide field of view and small aperture telescope is presented to test our technique. In our survey, two observing strategies are adopted according to the dynamical features of space objects in the high Earth orbital region, and large numbers of raw CCD images are obtained for both strategies; the efficiency of our reduction is investigated based on the reduction results. Our technique exhibits a correlation rate higher than 97%, and around 400 objects can be routinely observed and catalogued just utilizing one wide field of view telescope in one night.