Journal articles on the topic 'Moving between cultures'
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1
Gremels, Andrea. "Translating Cuba: Diasporic writing between moving cultures and moving media." Journal of Aesthetics & Culture 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 26947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jac.v7.26947.
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McLeod, Hugh. "Chalk and Cheese: Moving between Historical Cultures." Catholic Historical Review 108, no. 3 (March 2022): 444–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2022.0061.
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Abarbanel, Janice. "Moving with emotional resilience between and within cultures." Intercultural Education 20, sup1 (January 2009): S133—S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14675980903371035.
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Uz, Irem. "Do cultures clash?" Social Science Information 54, no. 1 (November 10, 2014): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018414554827.
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The consequences of globalization are a matter of debate. This study is an attempt to test the predictions of homogenization, polarization, and hybridization theorists with regard to the similarities and differences between and within societies. Utilizing four waves of the World Values Survey, from 1989 to 2007, this study covers 20 societies that represent 55% of the world population. The survey involved value statements in 72 areas by nationally representative samples. Results showed that differences between Western and non-Western countries’ cultures tended to increase slightly over time, but that these increases in disagreement were not due to cultures moving in opposite directions. In all instances, they were moving in the same direction, with one of the cultures moving faster. The direction of influence was mostly from Western toward non-Western, lending support to the idea that globalization leads to homogenization, rather than to polarization or hybridization.
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Klinger, Thomas, and Martin Lanzendorf. "Moving between mobility cultures: what affects the travel behavior of new residents?" Transportation 43, no. 2 (January 4, 2015): 243–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-014-9574-x.
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Epaminonda, Epaminondas. "Changes in authority relations when moving between more and less authoritarian cultures." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 14, no. 2 (November 26, 2013): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595813510709.
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Martindale, Vivian Faith. "Moving Mountains in the lntercultural Classroom." Ethnic Studies Review 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2002.25.1.56.
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Today many Alaska Natives are seeking a higher education; however due to subtle differences in communication styles between the Native Alaskan student and Euro-American instructor, both students and educator frequently experience communication difficulties. This paper examines the differences in non-verbal communication, the assumption of similarities, stereotyping, preconceptions, and misinterpretations that may occur between Alaska Native and Euro-American cultures. University classrooms are becoming increasingly multicultural, and one teaching style may not be effective with all students. Those involved with education need to promote flexibility and awareness of cultural differences in order to achieve successful communication in the classroom.
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Wade, Geoff. "Moving between Eastern and Western Cultures: Memoirs of an Overseas Chinese Scholar and Social Activist." Journal of Chinese Overseas 5, no. 2 (2009): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179303909x12489373183217.
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Maulidiyah, Fitrotul. "THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRATING MULTICULTURALISM IN TEACHING COMMUNITY INTERPRETING." PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL 5, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/multikultural.v5i1.10324.
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Globalization and massive development in communication and information technology generates multiculturalism in the last few years. It enables people live their originality consciously and without authorization of the other cultures. In other words, multiculturalism is a cultural wealth for living together. Furthermore, people who have different cultures consider that it is necessary to find a way to have proper intercultural communication especially when they live together. Multiculturalism is considered compulsory for social diversity including its appearance and recognition. Moving from this thought, interpretation, a social phenomenon between different languages and cultures has an undeniable function especially for community interpretating. The function of community interpreting and intercultural communication is multifaceted. The community interpreter has to know the languages, the cultures they belong to, their social structures, world understandings and value judgments. Multiculturalism needs social and cultural diversity. Therefore, a community interpreter has to apply every culture’s necessities equally besides the interpreting procedures. In multicultural societies formed by different cultures, community interpreting plays a pivotal role in order to live together peacefully towards common boundaries. Community interpreting has a mission on conciliation and adaptation of different cultures and values. Community interpreting helps social structures compromise in the sense of multiculturalism and recognize their cultural background. This study will examine the necessity of multiculturalism integration in the teaching of community interpreting which has become more important in recent days. This is intended for communities with diverse cultures to continue their harmonious coexistence and to maintain their presence in the content of multiculturalism.Keywords: community interpreting, integration, multiculturalism
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Gopalkrishnan, Narayan. "Cultural Competence and Beyond: Working Across Cultures in Culturally Dynamic Partnerships." International Journal of Community and Social Development 1, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516602619826712.
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The processes of globalisation are increasing cross-cultural interactions at exponentially faster rates and in increasingly complex ways. While these interactions can lead to much greater opportunities for positive change in all aspects of human life, they can also lead to conflict between cultures, whether overt or covert. In this article, cultural competence, a very popular framework for working across cultures, is critically examined and some of the major issues with using this framework are explored. An alternative to this framework, ‘culturally dynamic partnership’, is presented as being a more equitable and inclusive way of working across cultures. This framework builds on the strengths of earlier frameworks and presents a way of moving forwards that empowers all the participants in collaborative partnerships.
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Keller, Joshua, and Marianne W. Lewis. "Moving towards a geocentric, polycultural theory of organizational paradox." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 23, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-06-2016-0124.
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Purpose This paper comments on “Global implications of the indigenous epistemological system from the east” (Li, 2016), which provides an indigenous Chinese perspective on organizational paradox. Li introduces Yin-Yang balancing as an epistemological system that can help scholars examine and practitioners manage paradoxes. In this commentary, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the merits of Yin-Yang balancing and how this approach and other indigenous theories might enrich organizational paradox theory. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide a commentary and suggestions for future research. The authors distinguish between Yin-Yang balancing as a normative theory, a meta-theory and a lay theory. The authors encourage both geocentrism and polycentrism as goals for future paradox research, enabling attention to the diversity of ideas across and within varied cultures. Originality/value The commentary connects Yin-Ying balancing with extant research on organizational paradox.
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Burn, Andrew. "Thrills in the dark: Young people’s moving image cultures and media education." Comunicar 18, no. 35 (October 1, 2010): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c35-2010-02-03.
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This author deals with the attraction of that feeling of terror generated in the media, especially in cinema, and from the perspective of the controlled emotion behind that fear, pleasure and pain. What is the nature of the fear and pleasure the spectator feels? Why is it important for educators to take account of this connection between the viewer and the film? This subject is treated from film culture as experiecned by young Britons, with an analysis of the influence of cinema on the cultural lives of young people and the lessons that can be drawn. The author takes two young girls as an example, identifying their social identity and later outlining the state of education in cinema and the media. He presents two projects developed by young Britons on Psychosis and the creation of videogames. The author concludes that the fascinating world of moving images is open to us via films and videogames, by examining ludic structures and narratives and teaching students how these are interrelated and exploring their creative processes of production. El autor de este trabajo examina la atracción hacia el sentimiento de terror en los medios de comunicación, y especialmente en el cine, desde la perspectiva de la emoción contenida que genera el terror, lo angustioso y agradable… ¿Cuál es la naturaleza del miedo y el «placer» que se experimenta? ¿Por qué es importante que los educadores tengan en cuenta esta conexión que relaciona a los espectadores con la película? En este sentido, abordar el tema desde la perspectiva de la cultura cinematográfica de los jóvenes de Reino Unido, analizando la influencia del cine en la vida cultural de los jóvenes y cuál es la lección que deben obtener los educadores. Partiendo de una ejemplificación con dos chicas, en las que analiza sus identidades sociales, más tarde pasa a bosquejar la situación general de la educación en el cine y en los medios de comunicación, presentando brevemente dos investigaciones desarrolladas con jóvenes británicos sobre «Psicosis» y sobre creación de videojuegos. Concluye este autor que podemos introducirnos en el fascinante mundo de la imagen en movimiento a través de las películas y videojuegos, examinando las estructuras lúdicas y narrativas que existen, enseñando a los alumnos de qué forma se interrelacionan y explorando sus procesos creativos de producción.
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Yama, Megumi. "Descending into the Indeterminate State between the Determinate." International Journal of Jungian Studies 12, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19409060-01201001.
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Abstract When Jung received the manuscript of the Taoist-alchemical treatise entitled The Secret of the Golden Flower from Richard Wilhelm he realized what his drawings of mandalas meant and received confirmation of his theories about the Self. At the same time, Jung realized that he had encountered ‘the East’ within, as he was digging into the depths of his own psyche. Today, thanks to the publication of The Red Book (RB) and Memories, Dreams, Reflections (MDR), we can understand that through that process, Jung held dialogues with the dead. This is considered to mean that he had contact with the world of death to reach another culture—the East. Yama argues that the indeterminate state between the determinate culture and another is chaotic and uncertain, a space which may possibly lead to the world of death. Nowadays, amongst rapid globalization, many people from diverse backgrounds have opportunities to encounter different cultures for various reasons, sometimes out of interest and sometimes out of necessity. In some cases, but not all, individuals simply step across into the other culture without the experience of ‘descending into the depth,’ as Jung had. Yama explores Jung’s inner journey and his childhood memories from the view of what was taking place while he was moving symbolically from the West to the East. For further exploration of the life of someone who is destined to live between different cultures, Yama introduces a Japanese old folk tale and presents clinical material, as well as her personal experience as one who spent her adolescence outside of her native culture.
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Flood, Finbarr Barry. "Lost Histories of a Licit Figural Art." International Journal of Middle East Studies 45, no. 3 (July 30, 2013): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743813000494.
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The idea that theology is either irrelevant to artistic production or “a baleful influence” on its history has recently been critically explored by Jeffrey Hamburger, in relation to medieval Christian art. Engaging the perennial problem of moving between immaterial concepts, normative texts, and material things, Hamburger's observations resonate with the long shadow cast by the Bilderverbot, the prohibition of images often assumed to characterize Islamic and Jewish cultures, on the modern reception of Islamic art.
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Fiskvik, Anne. "Renegotiating Identity Markers in Contemporary Halling Practices." Dance Research Journal 52, no. 1 (April 2020): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767720000054.
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Contemporary halling, seen in theatrical dance works by the Norwegian choreogaphers Hallgrim Hansegaard and Sigurd Johan Heide, exists in a fluid interplay between traditional dance and influences from other cultures. This article examines how typical halling moves are negotiated and “remixed” through practices taking place inside and outside of the Nordic sphere. Hansegaard and Heide can be seen as representatives of “wayfinding artists,” influenced by migrant practices through moving, “wayfinding” in and out of the Nordic region.
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Piekkari, Rebecca, Susanne Tietze, and Kaisa Koskinen. "Metaphorical and Interlingual Translation in Moving Organizational Practices Across Languages." Organization Studies 41, no. 9 (December 19, 2019): 1311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840619885415.
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Organizational scholars refer to translation as a metaphor in order to describe the transformation and movement of organizational practices across institutional contexts. However, they have paid relatively little attention to the challenges of moving organizational practices across language boundaries. In this conceptual paper, we theorize that when organizational practices move across contexts that differ not only in terms of institutions and cultures but also in terms of languages, translation becomes more than a metaphor; it turns into reverbalization of meaning in another language. We argue that the meeting of languages opens up a whole new arena for translator agency to unfold. Interlingual and metaphorical translation are two distinct but interrelated forms of translation that are mutually constitutive. We identify possible constellations between interlingual and metaphorical translation and illustrate agentic translation with published case examples. We also propose that interlingual translation is a key resource in the discursive constitution of multilingual organizations. This paper contributes to the stream of research in organization studies that has made translation a core aspect of its inquiry.
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Verheul, Cassandra, Federica Fabro, Ioannis Ntafoulis, Cecile Beerens, Youri Hoogstrate, Trisha Kers, Judith Van den Burg, et al. "TMOD-19. FROM PATIENT TO PETRI DISH: INCREASING PATIENT-DERIVED GLIOBLASTOMA CULTURE EFFICIENCIES TO 95%." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.880.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION The search for effective therapies for gliomas is progressively moving towards patient-specific medicine. In order to test patient-tailored therapies, it is vital to develop protocols for reliable establishment of patient-derived glioma cultures. We present a method for reliable culture establishment, with a 95% success rate in 114 consecutive high-grade samples. METHODS Cell cultures were established from either traditionally-resected tumor tissue or ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) derived tissue fragments, and expanded in serum-free culture, with selection of astrocytic populations if required. Cultures were started from single cells or small tumor fragments of 0.5-3mm (3D). Whole exome and RNA sequencing were carried out with the Illumina Novaseq and HiSeq platforms. Methylation profiling was performed with the Infinium MethylationEPIC array. Cultures and tumors were compared through analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number profiles with the Infinium Global Screening Array. Intra-tumoral heterogeneity in cultures was investigated with single-cell transcriptomic sequencing (SORT-seq). We studied tumor-initiating potential by orthotopic injection of cultures in NOD-SCID mice. RESULTS Cultures started from single cells were established from CUSA material more efficiently (92%) than from traditional resection material (70%). 3D-derived cultures had a higher overall efficiency (95% for CUSA, 85% for traditional resection material). We confirmed high concordance in driver mutations, copy number and methylation profiles between tumors and derived cultures. Transcriptomics analysis, comparing tumors and derived cultures, revealed high consistency in gene expression distribution as demonstrated by correlation analysis (r=0.88). Singe-cell RNA-seq shows increased heterogeneity in CUSA derived-cultures, and decreased heterogeneity with passaging over time. Cultures faithfully produce tumors after orthotopic injection in NOD-SCID mice. CONCLUSION We present a highly successful method for the establishment of glioma cultures from patient material, with CUSA-derived cultures revealing greater heterogeneity. Cultures faithfully represent important molecular characteristics of parental tumors and can be used to test potential therapies in vitro.
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Mandiberg, Stephen. "Fallacies of game localization." Journal of Internationalization and Localization 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 162–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jial.00002.man.
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Abstract Using the Twitter hashtag #TorrentialDownpour, a vocal group of disgruntled, English-speaking gamers launched an attack in early 2016 protesting the localization changes made to the game Fire Emblem Fates. While dismissible as the latest “toxic technoculture” (Massanari 2015), the #TorrentialDownpour campaign’s claims are not unfounded; there are links between localization and censorship, in that both practices adapt texts moving between markets and cultures. This article draws from translation theory and observations of localization practice to problematize #TorrentialDownpour’s claims, and in the process address some of the most prevalent fallacies involving game localization: localization is not censorship; there is no better version; and one person is not ruining gamers’ fun.
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Dunková, Jiřina, and Veronika Quinn Novotná. "The Role of English Literature in Teaching Englishes: Moving Towards Educating Transcultural Communicators." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.19.2.169-194.
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With the globalization of English, multilingual speakers of other languages have started to influence it linguistically and culturally, potentially challenging its established norms and standards. This paper first addresses terminological issues related to the area of Global Englishes and English as a lingua franca, then upon reviewing curricular documents relevant to the Czech educational context it summarizes findings from a pilot study conducted at local academically oriented high schools, which reveal that the English teachers still seem to associate “English” literature with inner circle creative production. Intending to bridge the gap between theory and practice, we designed and piloted several lesson plans taking heed of a broader conception of the anglophone literary canon inclusive of works from across all Kachruvian circles. We postulate that extended exposure to such literary creativity may help raise a generation of transcultural communicators, i.e., language users who thrive in dynamic language interactions across cultures.
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Scheepers, Jacqueline. "Collaborative Service-Learning Partnerships between Government, Community and University for Implementing Social Change." Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cplbu-2020-0036.
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AbstractCommunity Engagement, the third pillar of Higher Education, requires South African universities to engage in projects that benefit society. Service-Learning, a form of community engagement, is a powerful pedagogical tool that lends itself to the enrichment of diversity and conceptualisation of innovative curriculum activities towards the positive transformation of students, academic staff and the broader society. Meaningful government and community partnerships are assets for universities who strive for relevant engagement with communities. In Service-Learning triad partnerships, the government, university and community stakeholders collaboratively conceptualise Service-Learning projects. These partnerships are composed of representatives from diverse institutional cultures and individual backgrounds. Through Participatory Action Research (PAR), the systems approach is applied to understand and critically examine the interconnectedness between the aims and objectives of government, community and the university. Service-Learning partnerships can be viewed as a powerful tool for actualizing community development strategies; moving these from policy to implementation in communities. This paper encourages universities to build meaningful partnerships with external stakeholders through service-learning projects. By engaging actively with their partners, universities could strengthen their Service-Learning initiatives and partnerships.
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RYU, DOJIN, CELESTIN MUNIMBAZI, and LLOYD B. BULLERMAN. "Fumonisin B1 Production by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum as Affected by Cycling Temperatures†." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 1456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.12.1456.
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The effects of temperatures cycling between 5 and 20°C, 10 and 25°C, and 15 and 30°C on the production of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and ergosterol by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum on rice was studied. Temperatures were cycled at 12-h intervals by manually moving cultures from one temperature to another. Constant temperature incubation at 25°C and a low temperature stress were compared with the cycling temperature incubations. Low temperature stress was achieved by incubating rice cultures at 25°C for 2 weeks followed by 15°C for 4 weeks. The maximum yields of FB1 were found to be 247 μg/g by F. moniliforme at temperatures that cycled between 10 and 25°C after 2 weeks and 284 μg/g by F. proliferatum when the temperatures cycled between 5 and 20°C after 6 weeks. Ergosterol content of the rice cultures was also monitored. Overall, the two Fusarium species showed differences in production of FB1 and ergosterol under the various temperature treatments. The most notable differences were that the temperature treatments that stimulated greatest FB1 production were different for each species: cycling temperatures between 10 and 25°C for F. moniliforme and cycling temperatures between 5 and 25°C for F. proliferatum. At most temperatures, F proliferatum produced more ergosterol than F. moniliforme. Maximum production of ergosterol by F. proliferatum occurred at 6 weeks, with temperatures that cycled between 10 and 25°C, whereas F. moniliforme produced maximum amounts of ergosterol at 6 weeks, with temperatures that cycled between 15 and 30°C.
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Brown, Damon C., and Raymond J. Turner. "Assessing Microbial Monitoring Methods for Challenging Environmental Strains and Cultures." Microbiology Research 13, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13020020.
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This paper focuses on the comparison of microbial biomass increase (cell culture growth) using field-relevant testing methods and moving away from colony counts. Challenges exist in exploring the antimicrobial growth of fastidious strains, poorly culturable bacteria and bacterial communities of environmental interest. Thus, various approaches have been explored to follow bacterial growth that can be efficient surrogates for classical optical density or colony-forming unit measurements. Here, six species grown in pure culture were monitored using optical density, ATP assays, DNA concentrations and 16S rRNA qPCR. Each of these methods have different advantages and disadvantages concerning the measurement of growth and activity in complex field samples. The species used as model systems for monitoring were: Acetobacterium woodii, Bacillus subtilis, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Geoalkalibacter subterraneus, Pseudomonas putida and Thauera aromatica. All four techniques were found to successfully measure and detect cell biomass/activity differences, though the shape and accuracy of each technique varied between species. DNA concentrations were found to correlate the best with the other three assays (ATP, DNA concentrations and 16S rRNA-targeted qPCR) and provide the advantages of rapid extraction, consistency between replicates and the potential for downstream analysis. DNA concentrations were determined to be the best universal monitoring method for complex environmental samples.
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Zeng, S. X., X. M. Xie, C. M. Tam, and P. M. Sun. "IDENTIFYING CULTURAL DIFFERENCE IN R&D PROJECT FOR PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT: A FIELD STUDY." Journal of Business Economics and Management 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1611-1699.2009.10.61-70.
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In recent years, some large multinational companies have begun moving their R&D centers to China. As a result, cross‐cultural management for R&D projects becomes challenging due to the cultural diversity. Based on the technique of relative importance index (RII), this study examines the gaps between the Chinese and Western cultures in R&D projects for multinational firms. The findings show there is a significant difference between Chinese and Western cultures. The top five factors transformed into self‐reflection statements include: 1) You could accept your manager criticizing your mistake in public; 2) You avoid any conflict with your manager; 3) Objective of the project is the target for the whole project group; 4) You do not mind the methods for your performance evaluation; and 5) You pay greater attention to improve “relationship” among colleagues. Overall, these findings reveal managerial implications for R&D managers that the need to recognize and manage cultural difference is an important component in cross‐cultural project management.
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Nevill, Alexander. "Cinematography and filmmaking research." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 17 (July 1, 2019): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.17.13.
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This paper offers an overview of a recent practice-led doctoral enquiry which examined lighting techniques used by cinematographers and more widely amongst practitioners working with moving imagery. This research was completed in the Digital Cultures Research Centre at UWE Bristol and funded by the AHRC 3d3 Centre for Doctoral Training. The paper specifically reflects on three strands of enquiry which existed in dialogue with one another, showing how the mutual interaction and reinforcement between scholarly activity, collaborative film production and independent creative experimentation were fundamental to the approach and direction of the research. Amongst a wider contribution, this doctoral research can be seen as methodologically innovative, providing a more detailed first-hand investigation into lighting processes than is currently available by using autoethnographic methods to capture practical knowledge that is deployed in situ during moving image production. The paper discusses this novel use of autoethnography within practice-research and also explains how the resulting evidence was incorporated in the thesis through a layered approach to writing.
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Rogers, Susan, and Richard McGinn. "Interpretive Approaches to Southeast Asian Languages and Cultures—A Symposium: Introduction." Journal of Asian Studies 44, no. 4 (August 1985): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2056444.
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The introduction to the symposium sets out a methodological framework for the apprehension of Southeast Asian rituals, languages, and literary texts so that they are at once open to cross-cultural comparative analysis and recorded in social and symbolic contextual detail. Philosopher Paul Ricoeur's use of the term “interpretation” is central here: he urges students of cultures to combine attention to structural features of language and culture (for example, grammatical patterns) with inquiries into social contextual features (for example, speech usage in real communities). Moving back and forth between the two sorts of analysis allows researchers to bring the insights of the one pole to the investigation of the other; the full hermeneutic process constitutes interpretation. This style of inquiry, a modification of the sort of interpretive social science developed by Geertz and Becker, allows Southeast Asianists to draw on careful ethnography to make crucial “course corrections” in anthropological and linguistic theory building in general.
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Sansavior, Eva. "Just a Case of Mistaken Ancestors? Dramatizing Modernisms in Maryse Condé’s Heremakhonon." Paragraph 37, no. 2 (July 2014): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2014.0123.
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The marked intertextual patterning of Maryse Condé’s first novel Heremakhonon is a widely acknowledged feature, with the relationship between Condé’s novel and Aimé Césaire's Notebook of a Return to my Native Land attracting the bulk of critical attention. Through close readings of to date unexamined dramatic codes in Heremakhonon, this article proposes to extend the cultural context in which Condé’s text is traditionally read. Moving beyond the standard critical discussions of authenticity, I track Heremakhonon's mobile positionings in relation to polarizing debates in the broader French literary-critical field between engagement and modernism. This focus allows for an exploration of the complex sets of relationships between the cultures of modernism and engagement that provide the conditions of possibility for Condé’s novel.
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Zajko, Vanda. "Contemporary Mythopoiesis: the role of Herodotus in Neil Gaiman’s American Gods." Classical Receptions Journal 12, no. 3 (April 17, 2020): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/crj/claa002.
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Abstract This article explores Neil Gaiman’s transmedial work American Gods as an example of contemporary mythmaking. Published in novel form in 2001 and launched as a television series in 2017, American Gods provides a commentary on the connectedness between different systems of stories and on myth itself as a vital present-day cultural form. It also provides us with a model for repurposing ancient material without reproducing the traditional hierarchies associated with cultures of storytelling. Gaiman’s text is an interesting case-study from the perspective of classical reception because he sidelines the ancient Greek gods in the main body of his story, while simultaneously positioning the ancient historian Herodotus as a significant intertext. The process of evaluating different cultures often veers between analyses which focus on similarities manifested across place and time and those which espouse a form of cultural relativism, a ‘live and let live’ philosophy. Gaiman seems to be offering something else here, namely a more vital and connected model for co-existence, one which is moving towards a pluri-versal perspective that acknowledges the links between political power, knowledge, and identity.
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Novianti, Maria Niayu Risma. "The Intergenerational Conflict in Lisa See’s Shanghai Girls: Second Generation Experiences." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2022.13.1.50-66.
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This study explores the intergeneration conflict and acculturation strategies of the second-generation Chinese American in Lisa See’s Shanghai Girls. The novel depicts Pearl and May’s experiences moving to America due to the Sino-Japanese war in China and facing the cultural conflict of choosing the Chinese or American culture. Therefore, the study uses the sociological approach by employing Hofstede’s cultural dimension and Sam and Berry’s acculturation model to examine the sociocultural experiences of Pearl and May. The result is that the conflict between the first and second generations is based on power distance, masculinity and femininity; individualism and collectivism; and the short and long term. As the result of the conflict, Pearl integrates two cultures on the dimension of power distance and short and long term, while May assimilates more into American culture. Those different strategies also imply the different reception experienced by Pearl and May while socializing within both the Chinese and American cultures.
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Rosenbaum, Bent. "Psychic Retreat and the Dynamics of Groups and Organisations." Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjp-2022-0004.
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Abstract The notion of ‘retreat’ is often connected to war and other confrontational situations. As a verb, it may signify the dynamic aspect of ‘moving’; as a noun, a static aspect prevails: a place to hide, isolate and defend oneself, but also a possibility for bringing something new to life. Psychic retreat implies dynamic relations, not only intrapsychically and in terms of subject-other, but also in dominance-submission relations between subject and group. Some implications of the concept of psychic retreat will be drawn when we turn our eyes to our psychoanalytic institutions and cultures and their impact on the desire of an individual to become a psychoanalyst.
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Witczak-Plisiecka, Iwona. "A Few Remarks on Legal Translation and Intercultural Encounters." Research in Language 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.18.3.02.
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The text offers comments on legal translation and its special nature. It is argued that legal translation is much different from other types of specialised translations. Unlike the language of engineering or medicine, legal language does not only refer to the related specialised practice, i.e. the law, but constitutes legal reality, being at the same time an instrument with which legal disputes are resolved. In the context of translation, legal language is particularly challenging as the process of finding equivalence is not restricted to interlinguistic level, but invites both intralinguistic and intersemiotic considerations. Moving not only between different natural languages, but also between different legal cultures, legal translators have to face problems that can often be naturally found in intercultural communication.
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Mohsen, Hamoud Yahya Ahmed, Ruzy Suliza Hashim, and Zain I. S. Asqalan. "Moving towards Home: An Ecofeminist Reading of Suheir Hammad’s Born Palestinian, Born Black." Asian Social Science 12, no. 8 (July 7, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n8p33.
Abstract:
<p>This paper explores Suheir Hammad’s collection of poetry, <em>Born Palestinian, Born Black</em> from the perspective of ecofeminism. The discussion is focused on investigating the representations of Hammad’s double consciousness of Palestinianness and blackness and displaying the dual domination of women and nature embedded in the society of the homeland she left behind. The poems reveal that she depicts the two-ness of her consciousness by highlighting the psycho-social tensions she experiences in the two social contexts- the homeland and the current society of exile. Further, the anthology exhibits the sense of alignment between Palestinianness and blackness in her eyes that is manifested through a form of poetic kinship. They provide an understanding into her varied experience that transcends the limits of cultures and gives birth to a new ecofeminist perspective that promotes diversity. By explicating these crossroads imaged in her poetry, we hope to provide some insights into Hammad’s endeavors that complement those of recent ecofeminists, thereby setting up a common ground for building a symbiotic and ecofeministic society in which there is no male oppression or human exploitation.</p>
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von der Heyden, Sophie, and Thomas Cavalier-Smith. "Culturing and environmental DNA sequencing uncover hidden kinetoplastid biodiversity and a major marine clade within ancestrally freshwater Neobodo designis." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 6 (November 1, 2005): 2605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63606-0.
Abstract:
Bodonid flagellates (class Kinetoplastea) are abundant, free-living protozoa in freshwater, soil and marine habitats, with undersampled global biodiversity. To investigate overall bodonid diversity, kinetoplastid-specific PCR primers were used to amplify and sequence 18S rRNA genes from DNA extracted from 16 diverse environmental samples; of 39 different kinetoplastid sequences, 35 belong to the subclass Metakinetoplastina, where most group with the genus Neobodo or the species Bodo saltans, whilst four group with the subclass Prokinetoplastina (Ichthyobodo). To study divergence between freshwater and marine members of the genus Neobodo, 26 new Neobodo designis strains were cultured and their 18S rRNA genes were sequenced. It is shown that the morphospecies N. designis is a remarkably ancient species complex with a major marine clade nested among older freshwater clades, suggesting that these lineages were constrained physiologically from moving between these environments for most of their long history. Other major bodonid clades show less-deep separation between marine and freshwater strains, but have extensive genetic diversity within all lineages and an apparently biogeographically distinct distribution of B. saltans subclades. Clade-specific 18S rRNA gene primers were used for two N. designis subclades to test their global distribution and genetic diversity. The non-overlap between environmental DNA sequences and those from cultures suggests that there are hundreds, possibly thousands, of different rRNA gene sequences of free-living bodonids globally.
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Henderson, J. Neil. "Cultural Construction of Dementia Progression, Behavioral Aberrations, and Situational Ethnicity: An Orthogonal Approach." Care Management Journals 16, no. 2 (June 2015): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.16.2.95.
Abstract:
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, induce caregivers already struggling to cope with the behavioral aberrations of dementia to constantly update their cultural construction of the disease because the outward symptoms used to interpret it are in constant flux. For ethnic minority caregivers, particularly, coping is a process of tracking a moving set of symptoms, making cultural sense of them across time, and negotiating a medical environment that can be hostile to them because of their “nonstandard” cultural health beliefs. In the midst of a constantly changing disease, achieving optimal communications with the medical establishment causes the ethnic minority caregivers to change their behaviors to better fit the expectations of the clinic, then retreat to their own cultural comfort zone only to continue oscillating between cultures for the duration of their caregiving responsibilities. Ethnic minority dementia caregiving is conceptualized here from an orthogonal perspective in which the moving elements of the ethnic minority dementia experience intersect in numerous ways and produce many coping strategy permutations corresponding to the evolving disease and its cultural constructs.
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Herrmann, Gina, and Isabel Jaén-Portillo. "Introduction." Image and Storytelling: New Approaches to Hispanic Cinema and Literature 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/uo/peripherica.1.2.2.
Abstract:
This special issue of Periphērica, Image and Storytelling: New Approaches to Hispanic Cinema and Literature, features leading research by scholars of Hispanic cultures at the crossroads of literature, film, mind, and society. The collection showcases cutting-edge fields and themes including cognitive studies, affect studies, embodiment, and empathy, as well as new perspectives on adaptation, film typology, film teaching, gender, and genre. The research presented in this special issue underscores the excitement produced by crossing disciplinary boundaries in the study of verbal and visual narratives, moving beyond prevalent transnational approaches that do not sufficiently address key factors in the creation and reception of film narratives such as historical-sociological contexts, affective dynamics, psychological responses, and gender variables. The contributors include scholars whose professional and social relationships to the history, practices, and evolution of the moving image and new media vary widely, broaching a diversity of theories and methodologies and presenting readers with a comprehensive and innovative perspective on film art and the relationship between filmmakers, films, spectators, and contexts.
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Berne, Marie. "Beckett en Chine à Paris: Résonance beckettienne chez Gao Xingjian." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 23, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-023001010.
Abstract:
How to visit China with Beckett ? A contemporary artist may be our guide for this discovery and create a bridge between different realities, cultures and perspectives that are not so easy to compare. Gao Xingjian is, like Beckett, a Nobel Prize winner, in exile in Paris, a novelist, theater writer, film director and inventor of languages. The influence of Beckett with Gao has been evident when his piece Chezhan was performed in 1983 in Beijing. It seems that beckettian resonances have become even more apperent after Gao's departure from China. The Beckettian 'filiation' so throws its light on an even moving which, in stead of a visit to China, invites us to an exploration of an individuality.
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Aammari, Lahoucine. "Cultural Translation as Representation in Paul Bowles’ Their Heads Are Green and Their Hands Are Blue (1957)." Romanian Journal of English Studies 14, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjes-2017-0006.
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper is premised upon the American writer, Paul Bowles, and his journey into Morocco as a liminal topography. In his Their Heads are Green and their Hands are Blue the traveller-writer crosses borders, moving from the metropolis to the colony as a far-flung territory, a process which is faced with a sense of unrepresentability of the Other and its culture, leading to a sense of dislocation on the part of the traveller. The latter lives on the edge of two starkly different cultures, civilizations, religions and societies. His peregrination produces weird feelings which are associated with the liminal and the threshold, and which oscillate between the homely and unhomely, the ordinary and the mysterious.
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Menon, Rosalie, and Colin D. A. Porteous. "Materials, Specification and Economic Implications of Moving to Carbon-Neutral Housing." Open House International 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2008-b0006.
Abstract:
Although a UK trajectory toward zero-carbon development for all new housing by 2016 has been set, the cost of building such homes and the changes implied for current constructional culture, together with lack of fiscal incentives, makes the target very difficult to achieve. Moreover, the recent governmental clarification of the definition of zero-carbon housing may make it impossible. This paper proposes a prototype construction (see also the associated paper in this issue) and examines in detail both the constructional and cost barriers to eliminating carbon emissions from tightly limited total thermal and electrical consumption targets (not more than 70 kWh/m2). Having established generous access to sunlight and daylight as prerequisites, a related health issue is air quality, especially with air-tight construction. While thermal and hygroscopic capacity can mediate between quality and efficiency, current norms for Scottish housing are notably poor in both respects. A key aim is to assess whether specification for a ‘low-carbon house’ can be cost effective. An analysis is undertaken to asses the increased cost associated with integration of energy efficient measures in the proposed prototype model. The specification of the building envelope and associated renewable technologies are addressed with reference to their cost implication on the overall build cost. Finally potential governmental incentives are proposed to not only meet the 2016 target, but also to promote enthusiasm by the end user. The paper concludes that low-carbon and zero-carbon scenarios would require radical changes of funding/fiscal and building cultures.
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Abdrakhmanov, Konstantin A. "ATTACKS OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN NOMADS ON RUSSIAN TRADING CARAVANS IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY." Ural Historical Journal 71, no. 2 (2021): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-2(71)-146-153.
Abstract:
Based on archival materials (reports of the Orenburg border and customs departments, orders of the military governors of the Orenburg region, letters from the injured merchants, etc.), the article considers cases of attacks of the Central Asian nomads on the merchant caravans in the early 19th century. The main means of trade and transport communication between the Russian Empire, Bukhara, Khiva and Kokand were caravans, their size sometimes reached several thousand loaded camels. At that time, the steppes that separated the Russian border from the main trading cities of Central Asia were insufficiently explored, difficult to traverse, and very unsafe. Armed nomadic groups moving along the imperial border and deep in the Kazakh steppe were a direct threat to slow-moving and poorly guarded caravans. Steppe raiders were attracted by a diverse range of valuable goods and a large number of working animals, so valued by nomadic cultures. Merchants, their clerks, and hired workers were often killed in clashes with raiders. Those Russian merchants who were robbed of their money and property sought support from the leadership of the Orenburg province and even sent messages to the central Russian government.
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Hart, Jonathan Locke. "Prefatory Poems and the Openings of Poetry: The Interpoetics of Epistemic Incorporation in the Atlantic World." Renaissance and Reformation 45, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 207–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v45i2.39763.
Abstract:
The French, English, and Spanish wrote poems about the “New World” to represent it as known rather than unknown in the interpoetics of epistemic incorporation—to take the unknown of the Americas between and among these European cultures to make them known in terms of earlier knowledge. This article focuses on prefatory poems (paratext) and the main poem (text), and especially the threshold between these poets, their interpoetics. It also focuses on beginnings as another threshold and moving across and on. To recognize the recognizable, anagnorisis within the known framework—that is what the texts of exploration and encounter, including poetry, tend to do—can involve misrecognition. Examining dedicatory poems, lyric, pageant, and epic, and how the known and the unknown work in the poetics of representation, this article argues that the interpoetics is between poems, between paratext and text, work and world, a mimesis that involves poems begetting other poems and representing reality.
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SCHINDLER, ALAN M. "The Work of Pediatric Residents." Pediatrics 86, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.86.5.809b.
Abstract:
To the Editor.— So it took a federal grant and three PhDs to tell us1 what we all know: the pediatric resident is "the optimal hospital staff provider." Any pediatric resident would tell us that, gratis, if we could catch her between the emergency department, ward, nursery, or ambulance transport—admitting patients, discharging patients; resuscitating children, intubating children, placing chest tubes; doing ward clerk work; starting intravenous infusions, drawing blood, taking blood to the lab, getting blood from the blood bank; moving cribs and beds; obtaining cultures, making Gram stains, reading Gram stains; retrieving radiographs, reading radiographs, giving medications, changing dressings, removing sutures; changing diapers, feeding babies, loving babies; picking up trash from the floors; teaching students, organizing conferences; writing orders, writing notes, dictating charts.
41
Elwes, Catherine. "Unnecessary journeys: Camera-escorted sojourns, pilgrimages and relocations." Moving Image Review & Art Journal 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/miraj_00021_1.
Abstract:
It is a common feature of moving image works that they spotlight journeys voluntarily undertaken by artists seeking to engage with different cultures and landscapes. This article focuses on Measures of Distance (1988) by Mona Hatoum and News from Home (1977) by Chantal Akerman, two itinerant works that explore the relationship between mother and daughter across continental divides. The maternal separation intersects with a feminist imperative to widen the artists’ creative horizons in the 1970s and 1980s. These works are set in a broader canvas of what Jane Mills terms ‘sojourner’ films by artists such as Tacita Dean, Jonas Meka, b.h. Yael and Jini Rawlings, works that encompass transnational odysseys of return and pilgrimages ‘footstepping’ notable earlier travellers. A distinction is drawn between cross-border works that predominantly respond to a sense of adventure or a need to seek out the balm of wild environments and those that set up a dialogue between locations overseas and narratives and sensibilities the filmmaker brings from elsewhere.
42
Wu, Shang. "Writing Travel as Janus: Cultural Translation as Descriptive Category for Travel Writing." Interlitteraria 26, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2021.26.2.6.
Abstract:
Abstract: The intersection of the study of travel writing and the study of translation produces two major perspectives: travel writing in translation and translation in travel writing. The first one looks into how the travel narrative is reshaped in a different linguistic and cultural context; the other looks into the translational character of the travel narrative, as the traveller is constantly moving between languages and cultures. Though the conceptual analogy between traveller and translator has been long noted, the linguistic dimension that marks the language difference in travel narrative is rarely underlined. In this essay, in order to explore the possibility of foregrounding both the conceptual link between travel and translation and the linguistic dimension of travel narrative, I propose to integrate an attention to language difference into a reinvention of the contested yet promising term ‘cultural translation’. The American writer Peter Hessler’s travel account Country Driving is cited as a case study.
43
Elwes, Catherine. "Unnecessary journeys: Camera-escorted sojourns, pilgrimages and relocations." Moving Image Review & Art Journal 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/miraj_00021_1.
Abstract:
It is a common feature of moving image works that they spotlight journeys voluntarily undertaken by artists seeking to engage with different cultures and landscapes. This article focuses on Measures of Distance (1988) by Mona Hatoum and News from Home (1977) by Chantal Akerman, two itinerant works that explore the relationship between mother and daughter across continental divides. The maternal separation intersects with a feminist imperative to widen the artists’ creative horizons in the 1970s and 1980s. These works are set in a broader canvas of what Jane Mills terms ‘sojourner’ films by artists such as Tacita Dean, Jonas Meka, b.h. Yael and Jini Rawlings, works that encompass transnational odysseys of return and pilgrimages ‘footstepping’ notable earlier travellers. A distinction is drawn between cross-border works that predominantly respond to a sense of adventure or a need to seek out the balm of wild environments and those that set up a dialogue between locations overseas and narratives and sensibilities the filmmaker brings from elsewhere.
44
Abdulqadir, Ziyad. "The cultural diversity of contemporary Iraq in the light of security threats and conflicts between its components." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 11, no. 3 (June 20, 2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2021.11.3.7.
Abstract:
In the necessities of friend-hood between peoples and nations, spreading a culture of peaceful and social coexistence, and moving away from all forms of violence, threats, and harassment of national, religious, and social minorities. The peoples of the world have successful experiences in enriching the concepts of coexistence and multiculturalism, as in a number of European and American countries. The culture and citizenship as a right for all Iraqis as an economic and productive resource for development, the spread culture of human rights and cultural diversity in one country are beneficial. Rather, it means openness to diverse cultures that enrich human characteristics, explode the energies of creativity and participation, economic development, in order to avoid the feeling of the power superiority of the great "nation" over small nations it needs to assimilate a culture of diversity, participation, and dialogue at the grassroots and middle-class levels, as to be associated with institutions, cultural and legal structures, constitutional legislation, and economic, social and educational reforms. To end up the authority of tyranny that dominates all components, and the various local groups in their customs, traditions, languages, and ways of expressing them, requires popular awareness and an intellectual renaissance so that contributes to the transition to a new stage.
45
Mojsoska-Blazevski, Nikica, Marjan Petreski, and Venera Krliu-Handjiski. "Does cultural heritage affect job satisfaction? The East-West divide." Acta Oeconomica 65, no. 2 (June 2015): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.65.2015.2.7.
Abstract:
The objective of this paper is to examine the factors influencing workers’ job satisfaction aside from the conventional factors, in the light of basic cultural values and beliefs, and then to set this into a comparative perspective for three groups of countries: South-East European (SEE) countries, Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) and Western Europe. Cultural values are grouped into traditional vs. secular-rational values and survival vs. self-expression values. The main result of the study is that culture has a considerable effect on job satisfaction across all groups of countries under investigation. However, there are between-group differences in terms of the relative importance of specific cultural values for job satisfaction. We also find some evidence suggesting the persistency of cultures and slow-moving institutions.
46
Witkowski, Emma, and James Manning. "Player power: Networked careers in esports and high-performance game livestreaming practices." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 25, no. 5-6 (November 18, 2018): 953–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856518809667.
Abstract:
In this article, we explore the ongoing negotiations and tensions involved in creating high-performance play and livestreaming practices, produced through assemblages of creative networked actions between individuals, institutions, infrastructures and communities. From speedrunning communities to esports leagues, expert game cultures offer key cases to explore the conventions of expert gameplay, the politics of digital play itself and the formation of networked careers. These include performances (on/off screen, by players and spectators), ownership/governance (of the game, of third-party organizations and products), and the expressions of player rights. Specifically, via two case studies, we look at how two veteran franchises – Valve Corporation’s Counter-Strike and Nintendo’s Super Mario – have engaged with the moving foundations and expressions of co-creation practices made by those engaged in high-performance networked careers of play.
47
Cunha, Olívia M. G. "Travel, Ethnography, and Nation in the Writings of Rómulo Lachatañéré and Arthur Ramos." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 81, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2007): 219–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002482.
Abstract:
Analyses how the traveling to and residence in the US of Arthur Ramos from Brazil and Rómulo Lachtañéré from Cuba, between 1939 and 1952, influenced their (anthropological) writings on Afro-American cultures and religions, specifically with regard to the relation between nation and race. Author describes that while Ramos and Lachatañéré went to the US under differing conditions, in the case of Lachatañéré in exile, and had dissimilar intellectual and political perspectives, their writings during and after their stay revealed identical approaches to interpreting the relation between nation and race in respectively Brazil and Cuba. She describes how Ramos and Lachatañéré developed a broader perspective on Afro-American culture, whilst moving in the same intellectual, anthropological circles, including contacts with Melville Herskovits and Fernando Ortiz, in the US. Author relates how both compared between African-Americans, in Louisiana in the case of Ramos and in New York in the case of Lachatañéré, and Afro-Brazilians and Afro-Cubans (including Caribbean migrants in the US), and thus between different race relations in the US, Brazilian, and Cuban contexts.
48
Cunha, Olívia M. G. "Travel, Ethnography, and Nation in the Writings of Rómulo Lachatañéré and Arthur Ramos." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 81, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2008): 219–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002482.
Abstract:
Analyses how the traveling to and residence in the US of Arthur Ramos from Brazil and Rómulo Lachtañéré from Cuba, between 1939 and 1952, influenced their (anthropological) writings on Afro-American cultures and religions, specifically with regard to the relation between nation and race. Author describes that while Ramos and Lachatañéré went to the US under differing conditions, in the case of Lachatañéré in exile, and had dissimilar intellectual and political perspectives, their writings during and after their stay revealed identical approaches to interpreting the relation between nation and race in respectively Brazil and Cuba. She describes how Ramos and Lachatañéré developed a broader perspective on Afro-American culture, whilst moving in the same intellectual, anthropological circles, including contacts with Melville Herskovits and Fernando Ortiz, in the US. Author relates how both compared between African-Americans, in Louisiana in the case of Ramos and in New York in the case of Lachatañéré, and Afro-Brazilians and Afro-Cubans (including Caribbean migrants in the US), and thus between different race relations in the US, Brazilian, and Cuban contexts.
49
Dijkstra, Krijn K., Roberto Vendramin, Robert E. Hynds, David R. Pearce, Despoina Karagianni, Felipe Gálvez-Cancino, Oriol Pich, et al. "Abstract 692: Patient-derived co-cultures of TRACERx lung cancer organoids and autologous T-cells reveal heterogeneity in immune evasion between cancer subclones." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-692.
Abstract:
Abstract Introduction: Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a major driver of treatment resistance. ITH also affects anti-tumor immunity, with immune cell infiltration, neo-antigen expression and T cell receptor (TCR) profiles differing between separate regions of an individual tumor. However, the extent to which separate tumor subclones differ in their capacity for immune evasion, the tumor-intrinsic mechanisms underlying any such heterogeneity, and its impact on cancer immunosurveillance remain largely unexplored. We have previously developed personalized models of anti-tumor immunity, based on co-cultures of cancer organoids and autologous T-cells. These co-culture systems can be used to evaluate the efficacy of cancer immunosurveillance at the level of an individual patient. Approach: Here, we leverage the multi-region TRACERx lung cancer evolution study to generate a patient-derived study platform that allows the evaluation of T-cell responses to individual cancer subclones. We generated libraries of >20 separate non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) organoid lines, based on isolating individual (clonal) organoids established from multiple spatially separated tumor regions. Each organoid subline was co-cultured with autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to evaluate how they differ in their capacity to elicit a T-cell response. Results: Our data reveal heterogeneity between individual clonal organoid sublines in their capacity to stimulate TIL. The proportion of TIL being activated by a particular subclone, as measured by 4-1BB (CD137) expression, ranged from 5 to 42%. These differences could not be explained by differences in MHC class I or PD-L1 expression. We are currently using DNA, RNA and TCR sequencing to characterize ‘immune evading’ and ‘non-immune evading’ sublines. Data will be updated on emerging subclonal immune evasion mechanisms inferred through DNA/RNA/TCR sequencing. Conclusion: Individual cancer subclones show differences in the degree of immune evasion. This patient-derived study platform allows moving beyond descriptive analyses of the heterogeneity of anti-tumor immunity, allowing fine-grained functional studies of how ITH affects cancer immunosurveillance. Citation Format: Krijn K. Dijkstra, Roberto Vendramin, Robert E. Hynds, David R. Pearce, Despoina Karagianni, Felipe Gálvez-Cancino, Oriol Pich, Mark S. Hill, Vittorio Barbè, Andrew Rowan, Selvaraju Veeriah, Cristina Naceur-Lombardelli, Antonia Toncheva, Supreet Bola, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Crispin Hiley, Kevin Litchfield, James Reading, Sergio A. Quezada, Charles Swanton, TRACERx consortium. Patient-derived co-cultures of TRACERx lung cancer organoids and autologous T-cells reveal heterogeneity in immune evasion between cancer subclones [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 692.
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Haghanikar, Taraneh M. "I, Jill Alexander, American Girl Revolutionary." World Journal of Educational Research 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2022): p34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v9n3p34.
Abstract:
Analyzing the insider-outsider continuum in Remembrance of the Sun (1986, 2011) by Kate Gilmore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal different levels of being a female outsider protagonist moving along the insider-outsider continuum, maintaining an outsider voice, and at the same time developing an insider perspective. Remembrance of the Sun is a historical fiction authored by an outsider and set in 1978, one year before the Islamic revolution in Iran. After moving from New England to Tehran, Jill, a seventeen-year-old American girl, struggles to adjust to an unfamiliar lifestyle. However, her experience becomes a story of love and fascination when she meets Shaheen, the charismatic Iranian boy who is the first French horn player in the high school band. Frequently, Jill as an outsider to Persian culture is aligning herself with Shaheen’s culture and their romance acts as a bridge, between two seemingly disparate cultures. Remembrance of the Sun reinforces that insider-outsider status is not fixed but situated within a continuum in a state of flux. The innocence of Jill and Shaheen’s romance moves “Jill Alexander, American girl revolutionary” (p. 170) toward the insider position. At the end, Jill, crosses American-Iranian cultural gap with her own pace.