Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Movement infrastructure'

The purpose of this study was to investigate the threats posed by mass movement to infrastructure between Arthur's Pass and Greymouth. This large area has been split into three sections; Arthur's Pass to Jacksons, Jacksons to Greymouth via Kumara, and Jacksons to Greymouth via Moana. The geology, topography, vegetation and land use vary considerably within this area, and the main infrastructure elements investigated are roads, the railway, and smaller townships. Two of the specific objectives of the study were to develop an historical mass movement inventory, and to create mass movement hazard maps. The West Coast Historical Mass Movement Inventory was compiled from current and archived files of infrastructure management organisations, and incorporates an inventory started by West Coast Regional Council in 2002. Mass movement hazard maps were created through aerial photograph interpretation and field mapping. They incorporate a fourtier hazard ranking system, where red is high hazard or active in the last 5 years, orange is moderate hazard or active in the last 50 years, blue is low hazard or not active in the last 50 years, and non-coloured areas are considered to be very low hazard areas. The series of seven 1:10,000 maps included in the thesis cover the area along the infrastructure alignments east of Harris Swamp and Rotomanu, and west of Arthur's Pass village. The database can be interrogated with built-in searches to retrieve information on specific sites, dates, and triggers. Other searches can be built, in the database, which select different information. From the information contained in the database and the mass movement hazard maps, key mass movement features, in particular bedrock failures, colluvium failures, debris fans and alluvial fans, have been identified. The threats to each route segment and township are compared on the basis of how much damage they have caused in the past, and how recently they have been active. Another of the objectives of the study was to investigate triggering of mass movements. Precipitation and seismicity are identified as the key triggers of damaging mass movement events, with precipitation by far the dominant one in the short time-frame assessed. However, the triggering relationships are complex and thresholds for rainfall quantities that trigger mass movements, or above which mass movements cause damage, were not able to be determined with any reliability. The three main forms of damage to infrastructure in the study area are impact damage, blockage of waterways at culverts and bridges, and erosion. The two most common incidents of damage recorded in the mass movement inventory are debris depositing on the road and/or railway, and culverts being blocked causing diversion of streams and resulting in erosion and/or deposition elsewhere. Erosion by the major rivers, the Taramakau River, the Otira River and the Grey River, also occurs frequently. Remedial measures for these types of damage are briefly discussed, particularly with reference to debris fans and debris flows, which are a major, and at times underestimated, threat through the study area. This thesis presents a method of assessing mass movement hazard to an infrastructure corridor, and highlights problem sites along the route investigated. An opportunity for further research exists in developing this method further, particularly to investigate aggradation damage from large earthquakes.

In an ever-moving world, urban governance and infrastructure have to adapt to climate change. In the meantime, people's concerns and engagement towards urban projects which will affect their lives are growing. The climate change adaptation process is inevitable to implement, considering the multiplicity of climate change threats. Hawai'i is no exception, and it has to adapt its infrastructures to stronger and more frequent floods. This master's thesis highlights the case of the Ala Wai risk flood management plan in Hawai'i, the U.S., and the engagement of some Hawaiians in the Protect Our Ala Wai Watershed (POAWW) grassroots movement against the proposed project. The conflict creates the emergence of two paradigms, which are translating two opposing strategies of action. Each paradigm aligns with a specific approach that reflects the interests and value systems of the individuals that constituted it. On the one hand, there is the economic growth paradigm supported by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), which manages the project and unfolds the resilience strategy by protecting Honolulu's dominant economic interests. On the other hand, there is the environmental justice paradigm, mobilized by the POAWW grassroots movement. This latter one is positioned within the transition strategy and demands the integration of indigenous knowledge into the project. To go beyond this conflictual standoff, the master's thesis argues that a hybrid paradigm, which would move towards a transformation strategy, would be preferable to surpass the current cleavages. This paradigm shift gives keys of actions and could be transferable in a contextualized way to other urban conflicts linked with the climate change adaptation process.

La thèse porte sur le mouvement de Résistance Civile "Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo", actif dans l'état du Chiapas, au Mexique. Surgi dans la première moitié des années 2000, le mouvement est notamment composé par des paysans d'origine indigène. Cependant, il ne peut pas être défini en tant que "mouvement paysan" ni en tant que "mouvement indigène" non plus. L'électricité étant au cœur de son existence, il considère celle-ci comme un droit fondamental, pour laquelle revendique un accès universel et non-discriminatoire. Ses activistes se branchent de façon directe au réseau électrique et opèrent une gestion autonome de ce dernier, dans les territoires sous leur contrôle. Au même temps, l'électricité n'est qu'un instrument d'une plus ample lutte politique visant l'autonomie gouvernementale et la justice sociale. Pour cette raison, l'hypothèse selon laquelle le cas de Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo puisse représenter une forme de mobilisation sociale émergente typique de l'âge de l'Anthropocène, est posée et discutée. Le travail s'articule autour de trois parties. La première partie offre une introduction au contexte du Mexique contemporain, à travers les éléments les plus récurrentes dans les narrations que les acteurs sur le terrain produisent pour décrire leurs propres conditions de vie: pauvreté, dégâts des politiqués libérales, violence structurelle, exclusion socioéconomique et politique. Dans la deuxième partie, l'état de l'art de l'anthropologie des mouvements sociaux est délinéé, et les principales orientations théoriques sur lesquelles l'étude s'appuie sont explicités. Plus spécifiquement, les processus historiques et épistémologique qui a amené l'autonomie à s'affirmer en tant que paradigme théorique et politique majeur est retracé, avec une attention particulière à comment – à partir dès derniers décennies du XX siècle – elle a progressivement inspirés les luttes paysannes d'Amérique Latine. La troisième partie est entièrement consacrée è l'ethnographie du mouvement Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo. Celle-ci se déroule à travers l'analyse détaillée des motivations des activistes, des leurs objectifs politiques et, finalement, de leurs expériences, formes et imaginaires de résistance. Le travail se conclut avec des considérations critiques sur les politiques concernant les peuples indigènes du Chiapas, annoncées par le président "socialiste" Andrés Manuel López Obrador pendant les cent premiers jours de son mandat
The thesis is about the Civil Resistance Movement "Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo", from Chiapas, Mexico. It was born in the first years of the 2000s and the majority of its activists are peasant and indigenous. Though, it can't be defined as a "peasant movement", nor as an "indigenous movement. At the core of its mission there is electricity, indeed, which the Movement considers as a basic right, whose access – it claims - should be universal and nondiscriminatory. Accordingly, in the territories controlled by its activists, the Movement performs a direct access to the power grid and an autonomous management of it. Yet, at the same time, it makes use of electricity as a means of wider political struggle aimed to autonomy and social justice. In this sense, Luz y Fuerza case may be revealing of a more general trend potentially informing social mobilizations in the Age of Anthropocene. The work is organized in three parts. The first part introduces contemporary Mexico, by means of the main categories local actors mobilized to describe their living conditions: poverty, liberal policies, structural violence, and socioeconomic and political exclusion. The second part defines the state of the art in the anthropology of social movements and the main theoretical references inspiring the study. Specifically, the historical and epistemological process leading to the emergence of autonomy as a theoretical and political paradigm is retraced. And it is shown how this latter has progressively informed Latin-American peasant struggles since the last decades of the 1900s. The third part is completely devoted to the ethnography of Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo. This provides an in-depth representation of the Movement and of its history. Which is followed by an analysis of the motivations for the activists to militate in such a movement. Its political agenda is therefore investigated. The experiences, the forms and the imaginaries of the civil resistance performed by the Movement are eventually observed. In the conclusions, the work proposes some critical insights about the policies on indigenous people and Chiapas, implemented by the "socialist" president Andrés Manuel López Obrador during the first hundred days of his term
La tesi verte sul Movimento di Resistenza Civile "Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo" attivo nello stato del Chiapas, Messico. Sorto nella prima metà degli anni 2000, esso ha una composizione maggioritariamente contadina ed indigena. Ma non può essere definito né come "movimento contadino", né come "movimento indigeno". Esso pone infatti al centro della propria agenda l'elettricità, che considera come diritto fondamentale e per la quale rivendica un accesso pieno ed universale. Il Movimento opera pertanto un accesso diretto alla rete elettrica e una gestione autonoma della stessa, nei territori controllati dai suoi attivisti. Al contempo, però, esso fa dell'energia elettrica uno strumento di lotta per un più ampio programma politico che ha come fino l'autogoverno e una maggiore giustizia sociale. In questo senso, si ipotizza che il caso specifico di Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo possa essere rivelatore di una più ampia tendenza che potrebbe informare le mobilitazioni sociali all'epoca dell'Antropocene. Il lavoro si articola in tre parti. Nella prima parte si procede a un'introduzione al contesto del Messico contemporaneo, con una precipua attenzione agli elementi a cui gli attori sul campo ricorrono per descrivere le proprie condizioni di vita: povertà, politiche liberali, violenza strutturale ed esclusione socioeconomica e politica. Nella seconda parte viene delineato lo stato dell'arte dell'antropologia dei movimenti sociali e i principali orizzonti teorici a cui lo studio fa riferimento. In particolare, si ripercorre il processo storico ed epistemologico che ha portato l'autonomia ad emergere come paradigma teorico e politico, e come a partire dagli ultimi decenni del XX secolo, questa abbia progressivamente informato le lotte contadine, in particolare dell'America Latina. La terza parte è interamente dedicata all'etnografia del movimento Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo, con una rappresentazione approfondita dello stesso e della sua storia, da un'analisi delle motivazioni dei suoi attivisti, dall'esame della suo programma politico e, infine, da un approfondimento sulle esperienze, sulle forme e sugli immaginari della resistenza civile di cui è protagonista. Il lavoro si conclude con alcuni spunti critici sulle politiche riguardanti i popoli indigeni e il Chiapas, adottate dal presidente "socialista" Andrés Manuel López Obrador a cento giorni dal suo insediamento

COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O Brasil é uma potência no agronegócio mundial e o setor sucroalcooleiro é um dos seus pilares, sendo o segundo em valor exportado na pauta de exportações brasileira em 2010. O Brasil apresenta características climáticas favoráveis para o desenvolvimento da cana, além de uma ampla extensão para cultivo. Atualmente, o país é líder mundial em produção e exportação de açúcar, foco deste trabalho. A região Centro-Sul destaca-se por ser a grande produtora do país, responsável por 87 por cento da produção nacional da safra 2009/2010 e, por consequência, onde se mais movimenta o produto com destino ao mercado externo. O Brasil cresceu bastante no setor nas últimas décadas com investimentos em maquinários e modernização tecnológica, que juntamente com as características climáticas e ampla terra de cultivo contribuem para forte competitividade do país, frente aos grandes produtores mundiais de açúcar, em termos de custos produtivos. Porém, toda essa competitividade produtiva é afetada pelos gargalos gerados pelas deficiências da infraestrutura logística, que impactam num elevado custo logístico. A fim de promover a aceleração do desenvolvimento econômico do país, o governo lança em 2007 o PAC, mediante investimentos em diversos setores, dentre os quais o de infraestrutura logística. Seus principais objetivos são: minimizar os gargalos do setor, promover um maior equilíbrio da matriz de transportes, onde atualmente predomina o modal rodoviário. Sendo assim, esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a infraestrutura logística utilizada na exportação de açúcar na região Centro Sul e os impactos que serão gerados pelas obras do PAC no setor.
Brazil is a significant player in the global agribusiness, in which the sugar and alcohol sector is one of its pillars, as the second largest in export value in the list of Brazilian exports in 2010. Brazil has favorable climatic characteristics for the development of sugar cane, and most of the agriculture areas of the country have suitable conditions for its cultivation. Currently, the country is the world leader in production and exportation of sugar, the focus of this work. The South-Central region stands out for being the major producer in the country, accounting for 87per cent of national production in 2009/2010 and therefore the predominant source of the product destined for the export market. The industry that supports sugar production in Brazil has grown significantly in recent decades, with investments in machinery and technological modernization which, together with the climatic characteristics and extensive farmland, in terms of production costs contribute to strong competitiveness of the country, compared to the other major world producers. However, all that favorable productive competitiveness is affected by the bottlenecks created by the deficiency of the logistics infrastructure that impact the logistics costs. In order to promote the acceleration of economic development of the country, the federal government launched in 2007 the PAC, or Plan for Accelerating Growth, through investments in various sectors, among which the logistics infrastructure. Its main objectives are to minimize the bottlenecks of the sector, promote a more balanced transport matrix, which currently is dominated by the highways. Thus, this study aims to analyze the logistics infrastructure used to export sugar from the South-Central region and the impacts that the PAC will generate in the industry.

La construction de nouvelles Infrastructures Linéaires de Transports ILTs (routes, autoroutes, voies ferrées) amène une destruction d’habitats et peut constituer des zones de risques (mortalité) et/ou restreindre les déplacements des espèces dans les habitats environnants. Les amphibiens sont fortement touchés par ces effets. Les réalisations récentes nécessitent de mettre en œuvre des mesures de réduction d’impact visant à améliorer la transparence écologique de ces infrastructures à l’aide de la séquence « Éviter-Réduire-Compenser (ERC) ». Lors de la construction d’une nouvelle Ligne à Grande Vitesse « la LGV Bretagne – Pays de la Loire » dans l’ouest de la France inaugurée en 2017, des mesures relevant de la séquence ERC ont été mises en place. Cette thèse vise à évaluer les mesures de la séquence ERC qui permettraient aux communautés d’amphibiens de réaliser les mouvements nécessaires au bon fonctionnement des populations (migration saisonnière et dispersion). Elle a été réalisée dans le cadre de l’observatoire environnemental de la LGV (contrat CIFRE EPHE-EGIS en partenariat avec EIFFAGE). La thèse repose sur deux approches : (1) des suivis de déplacements par Capture-Marquage-Recapture effectués dans cinq secteurs incluant des mesures de réduction (installation de tunnel sous la LGV) et de compensation (création de nouvelles mares) pour trois espèces de tritons (Triton marbré Triturus marmoratus, Triton crêté Triturus cristatus et Triton alpestre Ichthyosaura alpestris). Les recaptures des animaux marqués individuellement révèlent des échanges entre des mares situées de part et d’autre de la LGV (fréquentation des tunnels) ainsi que la colonisation des nouveaux sites de reproduction. (2) Des expériences de « homing » pour étudier le comportement de franchissement des tunnels ; des antennes RFID placées dans trois tunnels (1 x1 m) et de longueur variable (de 18,5 à 40 m) ont permis de détecter les mouvements des individus marqués avec des PIT-tags (Crapaud épineux Bufo spinosus, I. alpestris, T. marmoratus, T. cristatus, grenouilles vertes du système Pelophylax lessonae - P. kl. esculentus), Grenouille agile Rana dalmatina et Salamandre tachetée Salamandra salamandra). Une grande variabilité interindividuelle et spécifique des mouvements est observée, qui varie en fonction de la longueur des tunnels. L’enrichissement sonore (émission de chants d’amphibiens anoures dans le tunnel) améliore les mouvements des Pelophylax et des T. cristatus (taux et vitesse de franchissement, distances parcourues). La thèse montre la nécessité d’un effort important (effectif d’animaux marqués) pour mettre en évidence la présence d’échanges (rares) entre sites de reproduction, et l’utilisation des tunnels et des mares comme mesures d’atténuation. La mise au point d’une méthode d’évaluation des mouvements dans les tunnels (puce RFID et antennes fixes) permettra de tester différents facteurs (longueurs, substrats, etc.) pour améliorer leur utilisation et leur efficacité. L’enrichissement sonore apparaît comme une méthode prometteuse pour accompagner la mise en œuvre de passages à petite faune
Construction of new Linear Transport Infrastructure LTI (roads, motorways, railways) leads to habitat destruction and may constitute areas of risk (mortality) and/or restrict the movement of species in surrounding habitats. Amphibians are strongly affected by these effects. Recent projects have implemented impact mitigation measures to improve the ecological transparency of these structures using the sequence “Avoid Reduce Compensate (ARC)”. During the construction of a new High Speed Railway “Bretagne–Pays de la Loire HSR” in North-West France inaugurated in 2017, measures under the ARC sequence have been implemented. This thesis aims to evaluate measures of the ARC sequence that would allow amphibian communities to carry out the movements needed for population functioning (seasonal migration and dispersal). It was carried out as part of the HSR environmental observatory (CIFRE EPHE-EGIS contract in partnership with EIFFAGE). The thesis is based on two approaches: (1) monitoring of movements by Capture-Marking-Recapture conducted in five areas including reduction measures (installation of a tunnel under the high-speed line) and compensation measures (creation of new ponds) for three newt species (marbled newt Triturus marmoratus, great crested newt Triturus cristatus and alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris). The recaptures of individually marked animals reveal exchanges between ponds located on either side of the high-speed line (use of tunnels) and colonisation of new breeding sites. (2) Homing experiments to study tunnel crossing behaviour. RFID antennas placed in three tunnels (1x1m) and of variable length (from 18.5 to 40 m) made it possible to detect the movements of individuals tagged with PIT-tags (spiny toad Bufo spinosus, I. alpestris, T. marmoratus, T. cristatus, water frogs of the Pelophylax lessonae - P. kl. esculentus system), agile frog Rana dalmatina and fire salamander Salamandra salamandra). A great inter-individual and specific variability of movements is observed, and varies according to the length of the tunnels. Acoustic enrichment (Broadcasting of amphibian calls in the tunnel) improves the movements (rate and speed crossing, distances travelled) of Pelophylax and T. cristatus. The thesis shows the need for a significant effort (number of marked animals) to show the presence of (rare) exchanges between breeding sites, and the use of tunnels and ponds as mitigation measures. The development of a method for evaluating movements in tunnels (RFID marks and antennas) will make it possible to test different factors (lengths, substrates, etc.) to improve their use and effectiveness. Acoustic enrichment appears to be a promising method to complement the implementation of small wildlife passages

Interdependencies between infrastructures which enable the flow resources have the potential to increase the vulnerability of interconnected systems of supply chains to disruption via cascading mechanisms. These interactions are poorly understood as there are limited observations whilst the movement of resources can occur at many spatial scales. It is a complex problem because of both the number of components and the dynamic nature of the systems that allow these to move around. To analyse the disruption of resource flows within interdependent systems, this paper introduces a resource model that pulls together two established modelling methodologies: input-output modelling and network analysis. Data on supply, demand and flows are typically only provided at coarse spatial scales, so an important development was the disaggregation of regional economic input-output data into smaller spatial units. The model was tested using a case study of Lerwick in the Shetland Islands. It was found, when flood defences were taken into account, the level of risk from storm surges of various magnitudes was low. The model was able to highlight unknown linkages and reaffirm an increase in vulnerability caused by Just-in-time management strategies and the clustering of like industries. As part of this a flood risk analysis technique was presented which highlighted the potential impacts of floods of varying magnitudes, as well how the flood protection affected the levels of risk caused by these events. A second case study of the food distribution network in New York was also developed to provide validation through the recreation of the effects post Tropical Storm Sandy. The research provided a rationale for an encouragement of a move away from just-in-time production to take place and halt the fashion of making supply chains leaner. It also encouraged an increase in cooperation to take place between companies to understand the vulnerabilities within their own supply chains.

This dissertation examines the production of an everyday politics of infrastructure within informal settlements in the Khayelitsha area of Cape Town, South Africa. As residents attempt to meet water, sanitation, and electricity needs through assemblages of informal service connections, in addition to limited formal services provided by the municipality, their material exclusions are articulated as evidence of persistent political marginality. Residents engage in multiple modes of politicized action seeking expansion to formal infrastructure and full inclusion in the promises of citizenship. However, they also face an array of complications created by municipal reliance upon neoliberal policies, practices, and logics. Despite a nominal emphasis on participatory processes of governance and development, municipal approaches to service provision and community engagement produce further marginalization. In order to theorize the intersection of neoliberal urban governance and democratic practice, this dissertation examines participation as the result of complex interactions between everyday experience, urban governance, circulating moral logics, and the work of civil society. The realm of politics emerges as one unbound by parties, NGOs, or social movements; instead, it is read dialectically both into and from the landscape of informality. Across three articles, this dissertation examines participation as a contested terrain of politicized action, shaped by neoliberal practices of governance, post-colonial tensions, and uneven social acknowledgement of experience, knowledge, and action.

La Convention régissant l’Union économique de l’Afrique centrale (UEAC) renferme les dispositions particulières dont l’objet est d’harmoniser les politiques de transports. Cela passe par l’ouverture des marchés nationaux des Etats membres aux opérateurs économiques, la suppression des restrictions à la libre prestation des services et d’établissement, l’interconnexion des infrastructures, etc. A partir des critères de validité formelle, factuelle et axiologique du droit, cette thèse a pour objet d’analyser les contraintes qui handicapent ces politiques. Après avoir fait le constat des difficultés liées au choix de la technique d’harmonisation des droits, l’étude se penche sur les limites dues à la non-observation des procédures d’admission des conventions dans les ordres juridiques internes, à la faiblesse des institutions, aux risques économiques, financiers et politiques. Elle suggère qu’il est nécessaire de remettre de l’ordre dans les systèmes juridiques, grâce à une politique de codification et, à terme, de rechercher la sécurité juridique, par l’uniformisation des règles en présence. Enfin, face à la corruption, elle prend position pour un devoir d’ingérence de la Communauté internationale pour sécuriser les ressources destinées à la modernisation des infrastructures routières
Convention governing the economic Union of central Africa (UEAC) contains the specific measures whose object is to harmonize the policies of transport. That passes by the opening of the national markets of the Member States to the economic operators, the suppression of the restrictions on freedom to provide services and of establishment, the interconnection of the infrastructures, etc From the criteria of formal, factual and axiologic validity of the right, this thesis has the aim of analyzing the constraints which handicap these policies. After having made the report of the difficulties related to the choice of the technique of harmonization of laws, the study considers the limits due to the nonobservance of the procedures of admission of conventions in the internal legal orders, with the weakness of the institutions, with the economic risks, financial and political. It suggests that it is necessary to give of the order in the legal systems, thanks to a policy of coding and, in the long term, seeking the legal security, by the standardization of the involved rules. Lastly, vis-a-vis corruption, it gives an opinion for a duty of interference of the International community to make safe the resources intended for the modernization of the road infrastructures

Lam Pui Wing Caspar.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2008-2009, design report."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110).
Introduction
Preface --- p.2
Table of Content --- p.4
Research
Mobility Definition --- p.8
Mobility & City --- p.10
Mobility: Issues & Concerns --- p.13
Methodological Research --- p.14
Case Study 1 - Urban Design of Philadelphia --- p.16
Case Study 2 - The McCormickTribune Campus Centre --- p.22
Macau Lightrail: Background Research
Abstracted Renderings --- p.26
Lightrail Scheme Development Process --- p.28
Newspaper Cuttings --- p.30
Mapping of Macau LRT: at PRD Scale --- p.34
Mapping of Macau LRT: at City Scale --- p.36
Zooming into the 23 Stations --- p.38
Design Preliminary Stage
Site Study --- p.42
Methodology Experiments --- p.52
Schemetic Models --- p.54
Proposed Circulation Pattern --- p.56
Proposed Network of Open Spaces --- p.58
Development Models --- p.60
Presentation
Connection at Regional Scale --- p.64
Connection at Local Scale --- p.72
Connection at Architectural Scale --- p.88
Appendix
Bibliography --- p.110
Tickets --- p.112
Panels --- p.114

Ce mémoire explore l'évolution récente de la définition du patrimoine ainsi que son application potentielle à l'infrastructure autoroutière dans les contextes urbains à travers le monde. La nouvelle approche au patrimoine ici proposée, contrairement à une interprétation conventionnelle du terme qui met l'accent sur les attributs esthétiques ou historiques, reconnaît une plus grande variété des valeurs que peut posséder une structure. Ceci inclut des valeurs sociales et écologiques existantes ou ajoutées grâce à la réhabilitation. Cette interprétation plus large du patrimoine témoigne de l’émergence d’un nouveau paradigme de la conservation du patrimoine qui trouve ses racines dans les textes de Graham Fairclough et dans la Recommandation adoptée par l’UNESCO en 2011 concernant le paysage urbain historique. Ces développements théoriques proposent une vue holistique du patrimoine où la totalité de l'environnement urbain hérité possède potentiellement des valeurs. Selon ces principes, le mot patrimoine ne s'applique pas exclusivement à ce qui est rare, ancien ou esthétique, mais peut l’être à ce qui est banal, récemment construit et mal-aimé. Ce nouveau paradigme permet de questionner l'infrastructure comme un patrimoine. Ce concept est mis à l'épreuve à travers trois études de cas d’autoroutes intraurbaines vieillissantes dans trois environnements urbains très denses: le centre de Séoul (Corée), Seattle (É.-U.), et São Paulo (Brésil). Examinant ces cas, ce mémoire réfléchit sur le rôle d'une nouvelle perspective patrimonialisant dans la gestion de l'infrastructure vieillissante en ville.
This paper explores the changing definition of heritage in recent years and its potential application to aging automotive infrastructure in urban settings across the globe. The proposed new approach to heritage, unlike a conventional understanding of the term, which emphasizes aesthetic and historical attributes, acknowledges a wider range of values that a structure can possess. This range includes social and ecological values either existing or added through adaptation. This broader understanding of heritage reflects current discussions about a paradigm shift in heritage conservation, which is rooted principally in English scholar Graham Fairclough's writings and in UNESCO's Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape. These theoretical developments embrace a holistic view of heritage, with the totality of the inherited urban environment potentially exhibiting value. Based on these principles, the term “heritage” applies not only to that which is rare, old, or aesthetically pleasing, but also to that which is commonplace, recently built, and unappealing. This definition suggests that not only buildings and monuments but also infrastructure can constitute heritage, as it can be associated with a broad range of values. This concept is put to the test through three case studies of aging intraurban expressways in three dense urban environments: central Seoul (Korea), Seattle (USA), and São Paulo (Brazil). Through examining these cases, this thesis attempts to deduce the role of this new heritage perspective in dealing with aging automotive infrastructure in cities.

Positioning itself as an investigation into the affective capacity of transport, this thesis argues that the potential of a city is both composed and revealed through its systems of movement, contending that the sensorial and expressive qualities of a city’s transit govern how its citizens perceive and access the scope of experiences available to them. Essays on movement and identity, the limits of the city, immobility, adaptation, and eccentricities, move in parallel with meditations on departures, arrivals, and the time of transit toward a mandate for an amplification of motion and energy. The thesis traces a route from Ontario through London, Rome, and northern Europe before returning to Toronto only to founder in the region’s gridlock. To free the city’s constricted potential, a new passenger rail line running from Pearson Airport, through Toronto on the Canadian Pacific Rail corridor north of Dupont Road, to the site of Pickering’s future international airport is proposed. The key interchange of the new line, Lake Iroquois Station, is developed in detail, feeding on an intense overlap of historic and contemporary infrastructures. Located just south of the historic First Nations trading trail of Davenport Road at Dupont and Spadina, the station gathers the primary midtown electrical corridor, extensions of the Bathurst and Spadina streetcar lines, the existing University/Spadina subway, and expansions of the city’s cycling network, knotting them together with regional passenger rail in order to transport the city and its imagination.

This study uses complexity theory to examine the space of the street. In a morpho-ecological city, process creates form just as form creates process. The process of movement is a critical form generator within the urban system. In this thesis, the urban system comprising streets/ car/pedestrian is examined. If this collection of urban modes of mobility is a complex system capable of selforganising behaviour, what effect does the ordering imposed by traffic engineering have on this system? I look at the driving body and the walking body as co-creating the city by their movement through urban space. I suggest that, through attention to the fragments of interactions enacted during these movements, we can, through design, allow for the emergence of selforganising behaviour. Urban shared streets, descendants of the ‘woonerf’, appear to function more efficiently than engineered streets, without the usual traffic ordering. The counterintuitive success of these streets implies a self-organising behaviour that is generated by the density of interaction between the inhabitants of the street. These designs potentially work as a change agent, a catalyst, operating within a complex system. This has the potential to move systems from one attractor state to another. A city built with these spaces becomes a city of enfilades; an open system of spaces that are adaptable to uses that fluctuate with time and avoid thickening the palimpsest of traffic engineering. I look at siting shared streets in Wellington, based on jaywalking, a transgressive use of the streetspace that prefigures a shared space, and changes to urban networks associated with such designs. Interaction within the city is a creative force with a structure. City design needs to consider and address this infrastructure and design for it. The infrastructure of interaction has been subsumed by the infrastructure of movement. Shared streets indicate there may not be a need for this – they can be integrated. The process of movement creates instances of interaction; therefore designing spaces of/for movement must be designed to enhance the infrastructure of interaction. The result of such interaction is not just somewhat better; it may be a phase change - catalytically better .

This project explores a reinterpretation process of a deindustrial site through landscape architecture. By using the industrial process to guide the formation of the landscape, spaces, and experiences, a semi-abandoned industrial site is transformed into a cultural park. The purpose of the project is to articulate the intriguing qualities of a deindustrial site and respond to them through a design process that is sensitive to the history and character of the site, while allowing contemporary uses and experiences to evolve.
February 2008

Anthropogenic infrastructures are major drivers of human-related effects in the Anthropocene, and several important negative impacts on different taxa and habitats have been described. In the case of birds these impacts include, for example, habitat loss, mortality and changes in behaviour, which can have major consequences on the viability of populations. The main objective of this thesis was to study how anthropogenic infrastructures influence the distribution and movements of several bird species, in order to identify management actions and support conservation strategies. The thesis focuses on bustards and raptors species in the Iberian Peninsula, which are known to be vulnerable to human infrastructures such as roads, power lines and wind farms. Census data, mortality events in power lines and GPS tracking databases were used to study the interactions between infrastructures and the little bustard (Tetrax tetrax), great bustard (Otis tarda), black kite (Milvus migrans) and Iberian imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti). In general, this thesis shows that infrastructures, such as roads, power lines and wind turbines, can play an important role in species’ distribution (little bustard) and use of space (black kite and little bustard), and may even contribute to accentuate negative population trends (little bustard). Additionally, species features (e.g. morphology or behaviour) and ecology are essential to understand how they are affected and vulnerable to infrastructures. Guidelines for the management of infrastructures and conservation measures targeting vulnerable species are proposed.

A presente dissertação aborda no âmbito da instabilidade de vertentes, a análise das principais implicações na construção de infra-estruturas rodoviárias na zona da Pontinha em Machico, no sentido de perceber e valorizar a importância que estes movimentos de vertente têm na escolha de soluções de projecto e de execução da obra. Serão abordadas as características geotécnicas dos solos que formam o vale de Machico, e a análise da tipologia dos movimentos de vertente, estes processos são a principal causa de danos provocados em infra-estruturas no concelho. Serão também apresentados extensivamente as principais patologias que surgiram nas várias infra-estruturas vizinhas á construção da rede rodoviária, provocadas por movimentos de vertente, fundamentalmente habitações. Finalmente, vão ser apresentadas várias soluções e técnicas para melhorar o comportamento deste tipo de solos, e serão apresentadas algumas medidas de estabilização e tratamento de solos.
The present dissertation boards in the context of the instability of slopes, the analysis of the principal implications in the construction of road infrastructures in the zone of a Little bit in Machico, in sense of realizing and valuing the importance that has these movements of slope in the choice of solutions of project and of execution of the work. The characteristics will be boarded geotécnicas of the grounds that form the valley of Machico, and the analysis of the tipologia of the movements of slope, that are the principal cause of damages provoked in infrastructures in the district. There will be presented also extensively the principal pathologies that appeared in the newspaper commentaries nearby infrastructures á construction of the road net, provoked by movements of slope, fundamentally dwellings. Finally, several solutions and techniques are going to be introduced to improve the behaviour of this type of grounds, and there will be presented some measures of stabilization and treatment of grounds.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse and interpret the existent and future needs of the people and environment of the mission station, Kwasizabantu,to ensure settlement growth that will enhance the social, economical and environmental aspects of the settlement. This will result in a development framework of the whole site, a master plan for the lifespan of the settlement and detailed design of the heart of the settlement.
Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Architecture
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