Journal articles on the topic 'Movement Facilitation Device'
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FURUDATE, Yuta, Takehiro ARAI, Kaori CHIBA, Yuji ISHIDA, and Sadayoshi MIKAMI. "Home Finger Rehabilitation Device with Small Air Actuator for Facilitation of Independent Finger Movement." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2022 (2022): 2A1—A01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2022.2a1-a01.
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White, J. W., S. N. Kang, T. Nancoo, D. Floyd, S. B. S. Kambhampati, and D. A. McGrouther. "Management of severe Dupuytren’s contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint with use of a central slip facilitation device." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 37, no. 8 (February 22, 2012): 728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193412439673.
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Thirty-eight fingers in 27 patients with Dupuytren’s contracture of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) in excess of 70° were treated using a staged technique. The first stage involved applying a mini external fixator across the PIPJ for continuous extension over 6 weeks with intensive hand therapy to maintain mobility of the joint and help correct the deformity. Twice weekly during hand therapy sessions the tension of the elastic band across the mini ex-fix was increased, allowing that full active flexion of the PIPJ against the elastic band could still be achieved. The second stage, 4 weeks after the external fixator was applied, involved an open palm technique of fasciectomy for the contracted cords restricting metacarpophalangeal joint movement and dermofasciectomy with full-thickness skin grafting over the proximal phalanx for bands restricting PIPJ movement. The external fixator was used to maintain active extension force until the graft healed. It was generally removed in the outpatient clinic under ring block 2 weeks after the second stage procedure. The patients were followed for a mean of 20.6 (6–48) months. The mean preoperative PIPJ deformity improved from 75° to 37° postoperatively. Overall, 69% of results were rated as good to excellent. Only one patient reported any on-going functional problems. There were eight cases of pin site infections and one case each of loose pins, osteoarthritics at the PIPJ, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, and disease recurrence needing PIPJ fusion. We conclude that our simple staged procedure is a valid alternative in the management of severe Dupuytren’s PIPJ contracture.
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Jordan, Harry T., and Cathy M. Stinear. "Effects of bilateral priming on motor cortex function in healthy adults." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 2858–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00472.2018.
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Bilateral priming is a rehabilitation adjuvant that can improve upper limb motor recovery poststroke. It uses a table-top device to couple the upper limbs together such that active flexion and extension of one wrist leads to passive movement of the opposite wrist in a mirror symmetric pattern. Bilateral priming increases corticomotor excitability (CME) in the primary motor cortex (M1) of the passively driven wrist; however, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this increase remain unclear. This study explored these mechanisms by using transcranial magnetic stimulation over the right M1 and recording motor-evoked potentials from the passively driven left extensor carpi radialis of healthy adults. Intracortical measures were recorded before and 5 and 35 min after a single 15-min session of priming. One-millisecond short-interval intracortical inhibition, long-interval intracortical inhibition, late cortical disinhibition (LCD), and intracortical facilitation were recorded with a posterior-anterior (PA) intracortical current, whereas CME and short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) were recorded with both PA and anterior-posterior (AP) currents. CME with PA stimulation was also recorded ~1 h postpriming. PA CME was elevated 35 min postpriming and remained elevated ~1 h postpriming. LCD decreased, and AP SICF increased at both 5 and 35 min postpriming. However, these changes in LCD and AP SICF are unlikely to be the cause of the increased PA CME because of the differing timelines of their effects and AP and PA currents activating separate interneuron circuits. These results suggest that bilateral priming does not increase CME through alterations of the intracortical circuits investigated here. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to measure how bilateral priming modulates corticomotor excitability with posterior-anterior and anterior-posterior intracortical currents, 1-ms short-interval intracortical inhibition, late cortical disinhibition, intracortical facilitation, and short-interval intracortical facilitation. We found corticomotor excitability with a posterior-anterior current increased by 35 min until ~1 h postpriming. Short-interval intracortical facilitation with an anterior-posterior current was greater for at least 35 min postpriming. This provides further insight into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying bilateral priming.
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Murgoci, Nicolae, Claudiu Mereuță, and Daniel Ganea. "GAIT FACILITATION PROGRAM USING A HORIZONTAL BICYCLE BUILT AND DESIGNED TO MONITOR KINETIC CHAIN PARAMETERS – CASE STUDY." Annals of 'Dunarea de Jos' University of Galati Fascicle XV Physical Education and Sport Management 1 (August 31, 2022): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/efms.2022.1.05.
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Introduction. Pedaling therapy is defined as a plan of physical activity prescribed to facilitate rehabilitation from immobilizing diseases and any conditions that disrupt the movement and activity of daily life or maintain well-being through neuro-reeducation, gait training, and therapeutic activities. Material and method. It was addressed in a case study of a 40 years female patient who presented with a physiotherapy indication for gait rehabilitation from the specialist physician after immobilization in plasterboard for four weeks, the postfracture status of the lateral malleolus of the left lower limb fibula. A personalized cycling program was applied for five weeks, period March-April 2022 using a pedaling system designed and built with plantar pressure sensors attached to the pedals to monitor outputs. There was performed gait analysis, joint and muscular testing using goniometry, Borg Cycling Scale for the perception of effort and rehabilitation zone correlations, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. The patient’s risk chart is based on the bioimpedance parameters for determining the body composition using Zepp Analyzer. Heart rate reserve, as well as heart rate training, was calculated according to Karvonen's formula supervised with Smartwatch Huawei Watch GT 2 during the cycling rehabilitation program. The sensor signals attached to the pedals are converted to analog values for both feet and the force in Newton is measured according to the values transmitted.Results and Conclusions. Rehabilitation treatment consisted of applying to the therapeutic program according to the rehabilitation phases for 5 weeks maintaining a perceptual level of 4/10 Borg (maintaining the resistance zone 2) with progressive intensity from level 3 to 5. After the rehabilitation program, average analog values between the two members were 219/240 - left / right respectively 0.89 / 0.98 N showing an insignificant force difference of 0.09 N in absolute value. The final evaluation of the joint balance by goniometry enhances exceeding the values of the functional-coefficient. Muscle balance registered an optimal value of 5/5 for the left foot. The pulse corresponding to the target range not exceeded 130. The kinetic chain deficit has improved, the muscle testing indicating a range of motion of 53 degrees in the ankle left joint versus 11 degrees after immobilization. Remission of edema after phase I (first week) proved an anti-inflammatory effect. Left foot support on the ground became possible without pain (VAS = 0). The application of the proposed pedaling program using the built horizontal device led to the achievement of the objectives regarding the facilitation of the ambulance, the system is reliable and technically functional.
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Judex, Stefan, and Suphannee Pongkitwitoon. "Differential Efficacy of 2 Vibrating Orthodontic Devices to Alter the Cellular Response in Osteoblasts, Fibroblasts, and Osteoclasts." Dose-Response 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 155932581879211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325818792112.
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Modalities that increase the rate of tooth movement have received considerable attention, but direct comparisons between devices are rare. Here, we contrasted 2 mechanical vibratory devices designed to directly transfer vibrations into alveolar bone as a means to influence bone remodeling. To this end, 3 cells types intimately involved in modulating tooth movements—osteoblasts, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and osteoclasts—were subjected to in vitro vibrations at bout durations prescribed by the manufacturers. As quantified by an accelerometer, vibration frequency and peak accelerations were 400% and 70% greater in the VPro5 (Propel Orthodontics) than in the AcceleDent (OrthoAccel Technologies) device. Both devices caused increased cell proliferation and gene expression in osteoblasts and fibroblasts, but the response to VPro5 treatment was greater than for the AcceleDent. In contrast, the ability to increase osteoclast activity was device independent. These data present an important first step in determining how specific cell types important for facilitating tooth movement respond to different vibration profiles. The device that engendered a higher vibration frequency and larger acceleration (VPro5) was superior in stimulating osteoblast and fibroblast cell proliferation/gene expression, although the duration of each treatment bout was 75% shorter than for the AcceleDent.
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Van der Heide, Loek A., Bob van Ninhuijs, Arjen Bergsma, Gert Jan Gelderblom, Dick J. van der Pijl, and Luc P. de Witte. "An overview and categorization of dynamic arm supports for people with decreased arm function." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 38, no. 4 (August 15, 2013): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613498538.
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Background:Assistive devices that augment arm function were already introduced during the polio era. Devices are still being developed, but a review has not been performed thus far.Objective:To create an overview and categorize assistive devices facilitating arm function in activities of daily living for people with decreased arm function.Study design:Literature review.Methods:A systematic review in three scientific literature databases. Conference proceedings, assistive technology databases, and references were searched and experts consulted. This resulted in a database of dynamic arm supports. Product information was added, and the devices were categorized.Results:A total of 104 dynamic arm supports were found. These could be categorized as nonactuated devices (N = 39), passively actuated devices (N = 24), actively actuated devices (N = 34), or devices using the functional electrical stimulation principle (N = 7). Functionality analysis resulted in second-level categorization: tremor suppression, facilitation of anti-gravity movement, and assistance of specific joint motion.Conclusion:All devices could be ordered in a categorization of low complexity. Many have been developed; most have disappeared and have been succeeded by similar devices. Limitations of the devices found mainly concern interfacing and the range of motion facilitated. Future devices could make use of whatever residual strength is available in the users’ arm for control.Clinical relevanceThe provided overview of devices in this article and the classification developed is relevant for practitioners seeking assistive solutions for their clients as it makes the range of developed solutions both accessible and comprehensible.
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Wu, Ju-Yu, Congo Tak-Shing Ching, Hui-Min David Wang, and Lun-De Liao. "Emerging Wearable Biosensor Technologies for Stress Monitoring and Their Real-World Applications." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121097.
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Wearable devices are being developed faster and applied more widely. Wearables have been used to monitor movement-related physiological indices, including heartbeat, movement, and other exercise metrics, for health purposes. People are also paying more attention to mental health issues, such as stress management. Wearable devices can be used to monitor emotional status and provide preliminary diagnoses and guided training functions. The nervous system responds to stress, which directly affects eye movements and sweat secretion. Therefore, the changes in brain potential, eye potential, and cortisol content in sweat could be used to interpret emotional changes, fatigue levels, and physiological and psychological stress. To better assess users, stress-sensing devices can be integrated with applications to improve cognitive function, attention, sports performance, learning ability, and stress release. These application-related wearables can be used in medical diagnosis and treatment, such as for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), traumatic stress syndrome, and insomnia, thus facilitating precision medicine. However, many factors contribute to data errors and incorrect assessments, including the various wearable devices, sensor types, data reception methods, data processing accuracy and algorithms, application reliability and validity, and actual user actions. Therefore, in the future, medical platforms for wearable devices and applications should be developed, and product implementations should be evaluated clinically to confirm product accuracy and perform reliable research.
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Righi, Marco, Massimo Magrini, Cristina Dolciotti, and Davide Moroni. "A Case Study of Upper Limb Robotic-Assisted Therapy Using the Track-Hold Device." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031009.
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The Track-Hold System (THS) project, developed in a healthcare facility and therefore in a controlled and protected healthcare environment, contributes to the more general and broad context of Robotic-Assisted Therapy (RAT). RAT represents an advanced and innovative rehabilitation method, both motor and cognitive, and uses active, passive, and facilitating robotic devices. RAT devices can be equipped with sensors to detect and track voluntary and involuntary movements. They can work in synergy with multimedia protocols developed ad hoc to achieve the highest possible level of functional re-education. The THS is based on a passive robotic arm capable of recording and facilitating the movements of the upper limbs. An operational interface completes the device for its use in the clinical setting. In the form of a case study, the researchers conducted the experimentation in the former Tabarracci hospital (Viareggio, Italy). The case study develops a motor and cognitive rehabilitation protocol. The chosen subjects suffered from post-stroke outcomes affecting the right upper limb, including strength deficits, tremors, incoordination, and motor apraxia. During the first stage of the enrolment, the researchers worked with seven patients. The researchers completed the pilot with four patients because three of them got a stroke recurrence. The collaboration with four patients permitted the generation of an enlarged case report to collect preliminary data. The preliminary clinical results of the Track-Hold System Project demonstrated good compliance by patients with robotic-assisted rehabilitation; in particular, patients underwent a gradual path of functional recovery of the upper limb using the implemented interface.
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Ding, Luyu, Yang Lv, Ruixiang Jiang, Wenjie Zhao, Qifeng Li, Baozhu Yang, Ligen Yu, Weihong Ma, Ronghua Gao, and Qinyang Yu. "Predicting the Feed Intake of Cattle Based on Jaw Movement Using a Triaxial Accelerometer." Agriculture 12, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12070899.
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The use of an accelerometer is considered as a promising method for the automatic measurement of the feeding behavior or feed intake of cattle, with great significance in facilitating daily management. To address further need for commercial use, an efficient classification algorithm at a low sample frequency is needed to reduce the amount of recorded data to increase the battery life of the monitoring device, and a high-precision model needs to be developed to predict feed intake on the basis of feeding behavior. Accelerograms for the jaw movement and feed intake of 13 mid-lactating cows were collected during feeding with a sampling frequency of 1 Hz at three different positions: the nasolabial levator muscle (P1), the right masseter muscle (P2), and the left lower lip muscle (P3). A behavior identification framework was developed to recognize jaw movements including ingesting, chewing and ingesting–chewing through extreme gradient boosting (XGB) integrated with the hidden Markov model solved by the Viterbi algorithm (HMM–Viterbi). Fourteen machine learning models were established and compared in order to predict feed intake rate through the accelerometer signals of recognized jaw movement activities. The developed behavior identification framework could effectively recognize different jaw movement activities with a precision of 99% at a window size of 10 s. The measured feed intake rate was 190 ± 89 g/min and could be predicted efficiently using the extra trees regressor (ETR), whose R2, RMSE, and NME were 0.97, 0.36 and 0.05, respectively. The three investigated monitoring sites may have affected the accuracy of feed intake prediction, but not behavior identification. P1 was recommended as the proper monitoring site, and the results of this study provide a reference for the further development of a wearable device equipped with accelerometers to measure feeding behavior and to predict feed intake.
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Kamiński, Radosław, Katarzyna N. Jarzembska, Sylwia E. Kutyła, and Marek Kamiński. "A portable light-delivery device forin situphotocrystallographic experiments in the home laboratory." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 4 (June 20, 2016): 1383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716008128.
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Photocrystallographic experiments provide valuable information on how crystalline samples interact with light, yielding light-induced structural changes. Studied processes include, among others, solid state chemical reactions, as well as isolation and characterization of various metastable states. Thus, some instrumentation development efforts in the field have been dedicated to facilitating such experiments using a home X-ray source. In this contribution, a portable, easy-to-use and adjustable light-delivery device for home single-crystal diffractometers is described. The whole system consists of adjustable laser-focusing optics and a holder, which can be conveniently attached to a goniometer, as an additional sample conditioning device. The light-delivery device was designed to reduce any goniometer movement limitations. It allows one to conveniently perform photocrystallographic experiments without violation of the X-ray safety protocols, even when changing the light source is necessary. Testin situphotocrystallographic experiments performed on the literature-reported Ni(NO2)2(dppe) complex [dppe is bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane] confirm the effectiveness and applicability of the device for conducting linkage isomer single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations.
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Liao, Min-Ju, and Walter Johnson. "The Effects of Monocular Cues on a 3-D Target Acquisition Task." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 17 (September 2002): 1664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601729.
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This study evaluated the effects of linear perspective, droplines, and shadows on 3-D target acquisition performance. A display was presented with and without a linear perspective cue. When linear perspective was presented, it could include droplines, shadows, or both. Participants moved a cursor ‘into’ a target on the display as quickly and accurately as possible using a 3-D input device. Movement time and path length to acquire each target, as well as its three display dimensions (azimuth, elevation, and range), were measured. Results showed that linear perspective alone did not enhance target acquisition performance. The effects of droplines and shadows were target location dependent — reducing movement times and path lengths to upper-front and lower-back targets by apparently facilitating range dimension acquisition. Movement trajectory analysis revealed that participants overlapped the target with the cursor and then acquired the target along the depth axis. The upper-back and lower-front targets were acquired with more direct paths than targets in other locations.
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Kraus, Warren M., Jonathan E. Aviv, Ira Sanders, and Hugh F. Biller. "Laryngeal Electrode Platform: An Indwelling Device for Mobilizing the Vocal Cords." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 96, no. 6 (November 1987): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948709600612.
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By passing electrical current across the laryngeal mucosa and esophageal wall, the recurrent laryngeal nerve can be stimulated, thereby mobilizing the vocal cords. In designing a device that would utilize this phenomenon, we theorized that stability, targeting, and mucosal contact could be maximized by an indwelling device that would conform precisely to the topography of the posterior larynx. In five dogs, molds of the hypopharynx and proximal esophagus were fashioned in vivo by injection of an alginate compound. From each mold was constructed a vinyl platform blanketed with electrodes. Each platform fit snugly in place, and could activate the nerve consistently in any of the dogs. With as little as 3 mA pulsatile current, use of specific electrodes enabled bilateral abduction, more than doubling the resting glottic aperture. Bilateral adduction was sometimes attainable. Such a platform may have use in visualizing subglottic lesions, diagnosing laryngeal movement disorders, and facilitating intubation and extubation.
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Clark, Charles, M. Woolf, Sarah Karstens, Hannah Lewis, Aeren Nauman, and James Landers. "Closable Valves and Channels for Polymeric Microfluidic Devices." Micromachines 11, no. 7 (June 27, 2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11070627.
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This study explores three unique approaches for closing valves and channels within microfluidic systems, specifically multilayer, centrifugally driven polymeric devices. Precise control over the cessation of liquid movement is achieved through either the introduction of expanding polyurethane foam, the application of direct contact heating, or the redeposition of xerographic toner via chloroform solvation and evaporation. Each of these techniques modifies the substrate of the microdevice in a different way. All three are effective at closing a previously open fluidic pathway after a desired unit operation has taken place, i.e., sample metering, chemical reaction, or analytical measurement. Closing previously open valves and channels imparts stringent fluidic control—preventing backflow, maintaining pressurized chambers within the microdevice, and facilitating sample fractionation without cross-contamination. As such, a variety of microfluidic bioanalytical systems would benefit from the integration of these valving approaches.
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Meissner, Henrique. "Instrumental teachers’ instructional strategies for facilitating children’s learning of expressive music performance: An exploratory study." International Journal of Music Education 35, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761416643850.
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This article presents findings from an action research project that investigated instrumental teachers’ strategies for facilitating children’s learning of expressive music performance. Nine teachers and 14 pupils (aged 9–15) participated in this project, which consisted of 10 weeks of teaching. At the beginning and end of this period pupils’ concerts were held and performances were audio-recorded. Participating teachers used various strategies for improving students’ expressive performance: teacher’s enquiry, discussion, explanation of expressive devices, gestures and movements, singing, imagery, modelling, “projected performance” and listening to own recordings. According to teachers these strategies had been useful in lessons. However, analysis of assessments of students’ performances did not show a significant improvement. Four out of five pupils who did improve their expressiveness were taught by teachers who used enquiry and discussion of musical character and instruction about modifying expressive devices. This project influenced the practice of participating tutors as they focused more on teaching expressive performance.
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Aggogeri, Francesco, Cinzia Amici, and Nicola Pellegrini. "Dual Control for Jerk-Driven Robotics in Rehabilitative Planar Applications." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020141.
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This study compares a set of strategies to plan and control the trajectory of a robotic device in a planar workspace. These strategies are based on an affective application of jerk-laws able to indicate undesirable conditions (e.g., vibrations) facilitating the device control. The jerk is the time derivative of acceleration, and this solution provides an indirect means to control the variation rate of the actuator torques, while avoiding the complex robot dynamic models and their algorithms for computing the dynamics. In order to obtain a smooth trajectory, a regulator to control a robotic device has been developed and validated. It consists of the implementation of two control modules able to (i) generate the predefined trajectory and (ii) guarantee the path tracking, reducing unwanted effects. In this case a simple S-shaped path has been originated by the “trajectory generator module” as a reference movement to rehabilitate upper limb functionality. The numerical simulation and the results of preliminary tests show the efficacy of the proposed approach through the vibration smoothness appraisal associated with the motion profile.
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Nandor, Mark J., Maryellen Heebner, Roger Quinn, Ronald J. Triolo, and Nathaniel S. Makowski. "Transmission Comparison for Cooperative Robotic Applications." Actuators 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10090203.
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The development of powered assistive devices that integrate exoskeletal motors and muscle activation for gait restoration benefits from actuators with low backdrive torque. Such an approach enables motors to assist as needed while maximizing the joint torque muscles, contributing to movement, and facilitating ballistic motions instead of overcoming passive dynamics. Two electromechanical actuators were developed to determine the effect of two candidate transmission implementations for an exoskeletal joint. To differentiate the transmission effects, the devices utilized the same motor and similar gearing. One actuator included a commercially available harmonic drive transmission while the other incorporated a custom designed two-stage planetary transmission. Passive resistance and mechanical efficiency were determined based on isometric torque and passive resistance. The planetary-based actuator outperformed the harmonic-based actuator in all tests and would be more suitable for hybrid exoskeletons.
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Millanzi, Riziki. "Kimoyo Beads, Multiverses and Crossovers: Establishing (Re)connection in the World of Marvel’s Black Panther." Excursions Journal 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/exs.11.2021.274.
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In the Black Panther comics and film, literary plot devices, genre conventions and narrative choices are all used to examine issues of connection. From Vibranium and Kimoyo Beads to the interdisciplinary team of creators that established them, (re)connection is a vital part of the Black Panther universe, both inside and out. This article explores how Marvel’s Black Panther universe can be used to explore the threads of (re)connection that are present within our everyday lives. It establishes how connection takes place within contemporary social movements, such as Black Lives Matter, and considers how Black Panther represents this connection as an opportunity for facilitating change and progress.
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Acosta, Diego. "Global Migration Law and Regional Free Movement: Compliance and Adjudication – The Case of South America." AJIL Unbound 111 (2017): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2017.37.
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The field of global migration law looks beyond international law to incorporate all levels of the law, including the regional. This essay explores the regional regulation of mobility, which has indeed become a central subject of discussion and academic analysis. The expansion of human rights law coupled with the explosion of regional processes of integration are the two most important phenomena that have limited the state's capacity to restrict the entry of foreigners and their rights. It should come as no surprise that regional agreements facilitating mobility have proliferated and now involve around 120 countries, either at a bilateral or multilateral level. For one thing, most global migration is regional, whether in Europe, Africa, Asia, or Southern and Central America. In addition, regional instruments can be agreed on more rapidly and, in principle, introduce higher standards of protection and rights due to the more limited number of actors involved in the negotiations. There is, of course, huge variation across regions as to the degree of development of the various agreements, the categories of individuals entitled to mobility and equal treatment and their effective application and enforcement mechanism devices.
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Lytras, Miltiadis D., Kwok Tai Chui, and Anna Visvizi. "Data Analytics in Smart Healthcare: The Recent Developments and Beyond." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 14, 2019): 2812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142812.
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The concepts of the smart city and the Internet of Things (IoT) have been facilitating the rollout of medical devices and systems to capture valuable information of humanity. A lot of artificial intelligence techniques have been demonstrated to be effective in smart city applications like energy, transportation, retail and control. In recent decade, retardation of the adoption of data analytics algorithms and systems in healthcare has been decreasing, and there is tremendous growth in data analytics research on healthcare data. The results of analytics aim at improving people’s quality of life as well as relieving the issue of medical shortages. In this special issue “Data Analytics in Smart Healthcare”, thirteen (13) papers have been published as the representative examples of recent developments. Guest Editors also highlight some emergent topics and opening challenges in healthcare analytics which follow the visions of the movement of healthcare analytics research.
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Fath, Alireza, Tian Xia, and Wei Li. "Recent Advances in the Application of Piezoelectric Materials in Microrobotic Systems." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091422.
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Recent advances in precision manufacturing technology and a thorough understanding of the properties of piezoelectric materials have made it possible for researchers to develop innovative microrobotic systems, which draw more attention to the challenges of utilizing microrobots in areas that are inaccessible to ordinary robots. This review paper provides an overview of the recent advances in the application of piezoelectric materials in microrobots. The challenges of microrobots in the direction of autonomy are categorized into four sections: mechanisms, power, sensing, and control. In each section, innovative research ideas are presented to inspire researchers in their prospective microrobot designs according to specific applications. Novel mechanisms for the mobility of piezoelectric microrobots are reviewed and described. Additionally, as the piezoelectric micro-actuators require high-voltage electronics and onboard power supplies, we review ways of energy harvesting technology and lightweight micro-sensing mechanisms that contain piezoelectric devices to provide feedback, facilitating the use of control strategies to achieve the autonomous untethered movement of microrobots.
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Armas, Elizabeth, Robin Álvarez, and Geovanny Romero. "Aids Based on Speech Recognition Technology for People with Motor Disabilities and Reduced Mobility." Revista Politécnica 43, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33333/rp.vol43n1.1007.
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For a person without any physical limitation, it is easy to perform daily activities, but not for people with disabilities. In order to solve this problem, the present system allows a person with disabilities to control household electrical devices only using voice commands. This system is based on a commercial voice recognition software; the orders issued by the user are fulfilled in a reliable way. In addition, a user located in a wheelchair can control the movements of it. To reduce the complexity of the system and avoiding additional wiring, our system sends voice commands through the electric network, facilitating its implementation and reducing costs. For the operation of equipment controlled by infrared signals (R), an X10 to IR converter module was designed. The final system allows the person with motor disability to increase his independence and wellbeing.
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Muzychuk, Vasyl. "STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF STAMPING BY ROLLING RING BLANKS OF PARTS FROM A SQUARE BILLET." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 4(99) (December 18, 2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2020-4-10.
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Schemes and methods of manufacturing parts such as disks from square blanks obtained by stamping are studied. The possibility of controlling boundary conditions, creating various schemes of stress-strain state in local zones, changing the nature of metal flow, providing relatively low levels of residual stresses and anisotropy of mechanical properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions, allowing to stamp rolling workpieces. It is shown that in the technological process of stamping by running-in of annular workpieces of parts from a square workpiece, a metal displacer passes in different axial directions of the workpiece through three stages of forming. Deformation resistance throughout the volume of the part is also different. As a result, there are additional stresses: on the outer surface - compressive, as each inner layer restrains the movement of the neighboring outer, and in the inner - stretching, as each outer layer, moving faster than the neighboring, captures it. The device of manufacturing of details of type of disks from square preparations is offered in work. The principle of operation of this device is that the original workpiece with a square cross section before installation in the matrix is pre-fixed relative to its angles. As a result of stress equalization, there is a zone of inner layers with additional radial stress, which increases to the outer. The use of the device proposed in the work makes it possible to stamp parts without waste, to expand the range of products obtained, as well as to reduce the cost of manufacturing the product by facilitating the flow of metal. The calculation formula for determining the size of the original square workpiece is proposed. The choice of the sizes of initial preparations according to the calculation formula simplifies their preparation by felling, facilitates centering at stacking in a stamp, and the main thing provides high accuracy of the size on height and absence of anisotropy unlike the circles cut out from a sheet.
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Swain, D. L., M. A. Friend, G. J. Bishop-Hurley, R. N. Handcock, and T. Wark. "Tracking livestock using global positioning systems - are we still lost?" Animal Production Science 51, no. 3 (2011): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10255.
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Since the late 1980s, satellite-based global positioning systems (GPS) have provided unique and novel data that have been used to track animal movement. Tracking animals with GPS can provide useful information, but the cost of the technology often limits experimental replication. Limitations on the number of devices available to monitor the behaviour of animals, in combination with technical constraints, can weaken the statistical power of experiments and create significant experimental design challenges. The present paper provides a review and synthesis of using GPS for livestock-based studies and suggests some future research directions. Wildlife ecologists working in extensive landscapes have pioneered the use of GPS-based devices for tracking animals. Wildlife researchers have focussed efforts on quantifying and addressing issues associated with technology limitations, including spatial accuracy, rate of data collection, battery life and environmental factors causing loss of data. It is therefore not surprising that there has been a significant number of methodological papers published in the literature that have considered technical developments of GPS-based animal tracking. Livestock scientists have used GPS data to inform them about behavioural differences in free-grazing experiments. With a shift in focus from the environment to the animal comes the challenge of ensuring independence of the experimental unit. Social facilitation challenges independence of the individual in a group. The use of spatial modelling methods to process GPS data provides an opportunity to determine the degree of independence of data collected from an individual animal within behavioural-based studies. By using location and movement information derived from GPS data, researchers have been able to determine the environmental impact of grazing animals as well as assessing animal responses to management activities or environmental perturbations. Combining satellite-derived remote-sensing data with GPS-derived landscape preference indices provides a further opportunity to identify landscape avoidance and selection behaviours. As spatial livestock monitoring tools become more widely used, there will be a greater need to ensure the data and associated processing methods are able to answer a broader range of questions. Experimental design and analytical techniques need to be given more attention if GPS technology is to provide answers to questions associated with free-grazing animals.
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ChowdaryPolavarapu, Sushma, Umamaheswari Kunduru, and Sri Hari Nallamala. "RFID based automatic tollgate collection." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.1 (March 5, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.1.9871.
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Automation within the transport system proved to be a remarkable investment inside the improvement of smart cities. ETC “Electronic Toll Collection” pursuits to cast off the holdup at toll gates by way of amassing toll fee electronically. Using this era we can reduce the congestion in tollbooths, in particular all through festive seasons while traffic has a tendency to be heavier than ordinary. The principle aim of this paper is to develop a conversation gadget to automate the vehicle access, go out toll series the usage of RF-Identification technology. Statistics can be without problems exchanged among the vehicle owners and toll management, thereby facilitating an extra effective toll collection by using decreasing traffic problems and abolishing feasible person made mistakes. Aurdino MEGA2560 microcontroller acts as the heart of the device. When any automobile passes thru the Toll Gate, the RFID tag, that's connected to the vehicle, receives scanned and an interrupt sign is dispatched to Aurdino from the RFID module. The microcontroller sends a signal to motor driver, GSM module and LED. On receiving the signal from Aurdino, LED turns from red to green because of this that the vehicle can pass thru the toll gate and the motor gets into movement via lifting the gate.
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Kim, Jaewook, Yekwang Kim, and Seung-Jong Kim. "Biomechanical Task-Based Gait Analysis Suggests ReWalk Gait Resembles Crutch Gait." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 12574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412574.
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Current gait rehabilitation strategies rely heavily on motor learning principles, which involve facilitating active patient participation, high-doses of biomechanical task-related motor activities and accurate feedback. Furthermore, appropriate muscle groups need to be recruited for the joint movements that constitute the biomechanical task-related activities in order to effectively promote motor learning. Recently, exoskeleton-type robots utilizing crutches have been incorporated into overground gait rehabilitation programs. However, it is unclear which gait-related tasks are being trained because the joint movements and muscle recruitment patterns deviate from those of natural gait. This raises concerns because repetitive training with these devices may not lead to desirable rehabilitative gains. In this study, we compare the lower limb joint angles and electromyography patterns of healthy subjects walking with and without ReWalk in accordance with the three major biomechanical tasks required by bipedal gait: weight acceptance (WA), single-limb support, and limb advancement. Furthermore, we investigate whether the physical constraints of ReWalk, most noticeably the use of crutches and fixed ankle joints, were responsible for the specific changes by conducting additional walking sessions with either crutches or ankle foot orthoses. The results from the six healthy male volunteers suggest that the gait patterns observed with ReWalk deviate significantly from those of natural gait, particularly during the WA, and closely resemble those of crutch gait.
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Kozuba, Jarosław, Tomasz Wojnar, Magda Mrozik, and Bartosz Stołtny. "Use of Electric Motors in the Context of Glider Aviation." Journal of KONBiN 51, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2021-0025.
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Abstract In sailplane aviation, I attach great importance to the achieved aerodynamic parameters due to the main idea of sailplane flights, which is the flight of a sailplane without external energy supply for staying in the air and only in favourable weather conditions, e.g. increasing thermal movements of the air. Only during take-off, external devices, such as a winch or a towing plane, can be used. Therefore, the use of a propulsion installed in sailplanes and operating only during take-off is a very convenient solution. This is a step towards facilitating the access to flying for a wider group of people due to the reduction of costs related to the take-off processes, and also increases the level of safety of sailplane flights by enabling the use of propulsion at critical moments of the flight. The study presents the current trends in the development of gliding, in particular motor gliders. Additionally, as a result of research works, the energy storage system was shown, which is the weakest element of the system, and at the same time the one with the greatest development potential.
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Hlongwa, Ntuthuko W., and Naledi Raleie. "Lithiated Manganese-Based Materials for Lithium-Ion Capacitor: A Review." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 4, 2022): 7276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197276.
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Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are a novel and promising form of energy storage device that combines the electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries with supercapacitors. They have the potential to deliver high energy density, power density, and long cycle life concurrently. Due to the good electrochemical performance of lithiated manganese-based materials in LICs, they have received extensive attention in recent years. The latest advancements in lithiated manganese-based materials as electrode materials in lithium-ion capacitors are presented here, including LiMnPO4, LiMn2O4, and Li2MnSiO4. These electrode materials have a lot of potential as high-performance energy storage materials. Apart from capacitive-type electrodes, lithiated manganese-based materials are also used in the creation of LIC battery-type electrodes. The LICs based on lithiated manganese-based electrode materials demonstrated energy density, power density, and cycle life, which are relatively comparable with various electrode material values reviewed in this paper. The electrochemical performance of lithiated manganese-based materials is attributed to the synergistic effect of the doping and the conductive carbon coating which provided new pathways for the movement of Li+ ions and electrons, thus facilitating charge transfer reactions. Although much effort has gone into synthesizing lithium-ion battery electrode materials and contracting LICs based on them because of their higher energy density, there is still work to be carried out. Additionally, the potential barriers and opportunities for LIC-based future research in energy applications are explored.
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Sanders, Joshua I., and Adam Kepecs. "Choice ball: a response interface for two-choice psychometric discrimination in head-fixed mice." Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 12 (December 15, 2012): 3416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00669.2012.
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The mouse is an important model system for investigating the neural circuits mediating behavior. Because of advances in imaging and optogenetic methods, head-fixed mouse preparations provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe and control neural circuits. To investigate how neural circuits produce behavior, these methods need to be paired with equally well-controlled and monitored behavioral paradigms. Here, we introduce the choice ball, a response device that enables two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) tasks in head-fixed mice based on the readout of lateral paw movements. We demonstrate the advantages of the choice ball by training mice in the random-click task, a two-choice auditory discrimination behavior. For each trial, mice listened to binaural streams of Poisson-distributed clicks and were required to roll the choice ball laterally toward the side with the greater click rate. In this assay, mice performed hundreds of trials per session with accuracy ranging from 95% for easy stimuli (large interaural click-rate contrast) to near chance level for low-contrast stimuli. We also show, using the record of individual paw strokes, that mice often reverse decisions they have already initiated and that decision reversals correlate with improved performance. The choice ball enables head-fixed 2AFC paradigms, facilitating the circuit-level analysis of sensory processing, decision making, and motor control in mice.
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Silva, Heberson Teixeira da, Luély Souza Guimarães, Dilceu Silveira Tolentino Júnior, Arthur Souza Campos, André Lopes Frisso, Alexandre Sylvio Vieira da Costa, Stênio Cavalier Cabral, and Lucas Ferreira Freitas. "Restoration proposal for correction of pathologies in concrete bridge - case study in the city of Teófilo Otoni, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): e21810615767. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15767.
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The bridges are important structures for the development of cities, they allow access to places previously isolated due to geological non-conformities or by obstacles such as rivers and valleys, facilitating the access of products and the movement of vehicles and people. The conservation, maintenance, and recovery of these structures are essential for their proper functioning and the safety of their users. However, it is not uncommon to find bridges out of their ideal state of use, presenting a lot of pathologies, and, for these pathologies to be repaired, it can be used various recovery techniques and kinds of treatments. This study aims to analyze the pathologies and their possible options of restorations on the bridge located at João Lopes da Silva Street, Manoel Pimenta neighborhood, in the city of Teófilo Otoni - Brazil. The identification and classification of the pathologies and nonconformities found in the artwork have been carried out. The analyzed bridge needs maintenance so that its functionality is not affected, requiring appropriated recovery techniques such as the use of epoxy resin in cracks, removal of corrosion from reinforcement and application of anticorrosive paints, scarification of concrete in the area in which there is disaggregation, and concreting through forms and drainage devices compatible with local needs, providing a longer life span and avoiding inconvenience for users.
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Hackley, Chris, Rungpaka Amy Hackley, and Dina H. Bassiouni. "Implications of the selfie for marketing management practice in the era of celebrity." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 36, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-07-2017-0124.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of the selfie for marketing management in the era of celebrity. The purpose is to show that the facilitation of the creative performance of consumer identity is a key element of the marketing management task for the media convergence era. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the selfie, the picture of oneself taken by oneself, as a metaphor to develop a conceptual exploration of the nature of marketing in the light of the dominance of celebrity and entertainment in contemporary media and entertainment. Findings The paper suggests that marketing management in the era of convergence should facilitate consumers’ identity projects through participatory and engaging social media initiatives. Marketers must furnish and facilitate not only the props for consumers mediated identity performances, but also the scripts, sets and scenes, plot devices, cinematographic and other visual techniques, costumes, looks, movements, characterizations and narratives. Research limitations/implications This is a conceptual paper that sketches out the beginning of a re-framed, communication-focussed vision of marketing management in the era of media convergence. Practical implications Marketing managers can benefit from thinking about consumer marketing as the stage management of consumer visual, physical, virtual, sensory and psychic environments that enable consumers to actively participate in celebrity culture. Originality/value This paper suggests ways in which marketing practice can emerge from its pre-digital frame to embrace the new digital cultures of consumption.
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Johnston, Louise, Michael Power, Philip Sloan, Anna Long, Angela Silmon, Ben Chaffey, Andrea Jane Lisgo, et al. "Clinical performance evaluation of the Idylla NRAS-BRAF mutation test on retrospectively collected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer tissue." Journal of Clinical Pathology 71, no. 4 (September 12, 2017): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204629.
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AimsUnderstanding the molecular mechanisms of underlying disease has led to a movement away from the one-drug-fits-all paradigm towards treatment tailored to the genetic profile of the patient. The Biocartis Idylla platform is a novel fully automated, real-time PCR–based in vitro diagnostic system. The Idylla NRAS-BRAF mutation test has been developed for the qualitative detection of mutations in NRAS and BRAF oncogenes, facilitating genetic profiling of patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to carry out a formal clinical performance evaluation.MethodsTwo-hundred and forty-two formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human malignant colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue samples were identified in departmental archives and tested with both the Idylla NRAS-BRAF mutation test and the Agena Bioscience MassARRAY test.ResultsThe overall concordance between the Idylla NRAS-BRAF mutation test and the MassARRAY comparator reference test result was 241/242 (99.59%, lower bound of one-sided 95% CI=98.1%) for NRAS and 242/242 (lower bound of 95% one-sided 95% CI=98.89%) for BRAF. The Idylla NRAS-BRAF test detected one NRAS mutation that had not been reported by the MassARRAY comparator reference test. Reanalysis of this sample by droplet digital PCR confirmed that the mutation was present, but at an allelic frequency below the stated sensitivity level of the MassARRAY system.ConclusionThese results confirm that the Idylla NRAS-BRAF mutation test has high concordance with a widely used NRAS-BRAF test, and is therefore suitable for use as an in vitro diagnostic device for this application.
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Hussain, Asif, Sivakumar Balasubramanian, Nick Roach, Julius Klein, Nathanael Jarrassé, Michael Mace, Ann David, Sarah Guy, and Etienne Burdet. "SITAR: a system for independent task-oriented assessment and rehabilitation." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 4 (January 2017): 205566831772963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055668317729637.
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Introduction Over recent years, task-oriented training has emerged as a dominant approach in neurorehabilitation. This article presents a novel, sensor-based system for independent task-oriented assessment and rehabilitation (SITAR) of the upper limb. Methods The SITAR is an ecosystem of interactive devices including a touch and force–sensitive tabletop and a set of intelligent objects enabling functional interaction. In contrast to most existing sensor-based systems, SITAR provides natural training of visuomotor coordination through collocated visual and haptic workspaces alongside multimodal feedback, facilitating learning and its transfer to real tasks. We illustrate the possibilities offered by the SITAR for sensorimotor assessment and therapy through pilot assessment and usability studies. Results The pilot data from the assessment study demonstrates how the system can be used to assess different aspects of upper limb reaching, pick-and-place and sensory tactile resolution tasks. The pilot usability study indicates that patients are able to train arm-reaching movements independently using the SITAR with minimal involvement of the therapist and that they were motivated to pursue the SITAR-based therapy. Conclusion SITAR is a versatile, non-robotic tool that can be used to implement a range of therapeutic exercises and assessments for different types of patients, which is particularly well-suited for task-oriented training.
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Ozdiler, Orhan, Kaan Orhan, Emre Cesur, Ayşegül Köklü, and Oktay Algın. "Evaluation of temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscle, and brain cortex activity in patients treated by removable functional appliances: a prospective fMRI study." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 48, no. 7 (October 2019): 20190216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190216.
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Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of functional orthodontic appliances on the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and brain to determine whether using functional appliances full-time or only at night yields different results. Methods: 16 patients with Class II malocclusion were included in this study. Eight patients were instructed to wear their appliances (monoblock/twinblock) full-time and the other eight patients were instructed to wear them at night while sleeping. An additional 10 patients with Class II malocclusion were later included as a pre-treatment control group. Signal intensity ratios (SIR) of TMJ structures and morphological evaluations of the masticatory muscles were done for all patients. Functional MRI (fMRI) data were also obtained from the patients while performing chewing and biting movements. Results: ANB angle was reduced significantly in both the full-time and night wear groups, by values of 1.17° and 1.35°, respectively (p < 0.05). MRI showed that SIRs were significantly increased in both groups in the masticatory muscles, retrodiscal pad, condylar process, and articular disc (p < 0.05). Both resting and task-based fMRI evaluation revealed significant increases in blood oxygen level dependent signals in several regions of the brain in both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The cephalometric and MRI findings of this study indicate that the treatment effects were similar for both wear schedules. Functional appliances should be regarded not as simple devices that treat Class II malocclusion through skeletal and dental correction alone, but as exercise devices that lead to neuromuscular changes by facilitating muscle adaptation and activating various brain regions.
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K P, Revathi, and Manikandan T. "IoT Based Shrewd Monitoring Framework for Children Safety." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 13967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.13967ecst.
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In the system, we have developed a smart watch that can be used to locate missing or lost children and also track the child movements outside from the home as well as for facilitating women safety. Here the user itself can create his own circle in a mobile app with some radius of distance according to their comfort. When the person is out of the location, which means out of the radius, immediately the message has been sent to the emergency contacts which are already selected before by the user in the mobile app. This process can be controlled by the end user. If the user hurts in any case, it will send the alert messages to the pre-elite contacts. GPS (Global Positioning System) is employed to urge the position of a widget in terms of latitude and meridian. Latitude and meridian values are extracted from NMEA sentences. In our system, GPS helps to send the latitude and meridian values to the list of contacts elite by the user, once the user is not within the range of the circle. This can also be used for children as well, but when it comes to children, the complete process will be done by their parents. The app will be under parental control and they create the radius of their children to know his presence or location. This device gives the solution for knowing their location faster and facilitates to take the necessary action immediately.
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Master, Christina, Tyson Rogers, Olivia Podolak, David Howell, Matthew F. Grady, and Mitchell Scheiman. "Objective Infrared Eye Tracking Aids in the Identification of Concussion-Related Vision Disorders in Adolescen Ts with Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 5_suppl2 (May 1, 2022): 2325967121S0047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00476.
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Background: The visio-vestibular examination (VVE) of smooth pursuit, saccades, vestibulo-oculomotor reflex, near point of convergence (NPC), accommodative amplitude (AA), and complex tandem gait, has enhanced the physical examination of concussed individuals. The EyeBOX is a FDA-approved device for the diagnosis of concussion. Hypothesis: The goal of this investigation was to determine the diagnostic accuracy for concussion-related vision disorders of infrared eye-tracking via the EyeBOX. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 112 adolescents ages 11-18 years of age experiencing persistent post-concussion symptoms 4-12 weeks after concussion was conducted. All subjects had a clinical visio-vestibular examination (VVE) with a sports medicine physician, and a formal, comprehensive vision examination conducted by a pediatric developmental optometrist. A binocular eye tracking assessment was performed using the EyeBOX. Binocular pupil gaze positions are captured to ensure quality data acquisition and binocular movements in the X and Y axes are recorded at 500 Hz. Dynamic time series eye tracking data is acquired with 89 different metrics from eye movement in different planes recorded for each eye at 500 Hz captured over 220 seconds. From the time series data, a summary score, between 0 and 20, the BOX score, is generated. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between each clinical VVE parameter and concussion-related vision diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictive ability of all VVE parameters to predict a concussion-related vision diagnosis. The area under the receiver-operator (ROC) curve was estimated by treating the linear predictor from the logistic regression as a continuous diagnostic parameter. A p-value is reported for the Wald test of whether a logistic regression coefficient differs from zero. Results: The clinical VVE variables had an AUC = 0.64 for tandem gait errors (p=0.06), 0.64 for monocular AA (p=0.01 for each), and 0.66 for NPC (p<0.01). A multivariable model including all nine VVE variables had predictive ability to identify concussion-related vision disorders in adolescents with persistent post-concussion symptoms with an AUC = 0.73. The BOX score alone had an AUC = 0.67 (p<0.01). Conclusions: The addition of the BOX score, a composite measure of objectively acquired eye tracking data, to the multivariable model with all nine dichotomous VVE variables added significant additional diagnostic ability (p<0.01), yielding an AUC = 0.81. The combination of a clinical visio-vestibular examination and objective infrared eye tracking has relevant diagnostic value, facilitating identification and treatment of concussion-related vision disorders.
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Nair, Prashant Unnikrishnan. "Optimizing OCTG Thread Manufacturing Operation Using Automation." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 20, no. 01 (March 2021): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686721500116.
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The paper discusses a unique technique developed initially at Nation Institute of Technology, Surat that is remodeled in real-world applications. The concept consists primarily of a user-friendly software facilitating direct communication with any intelligent or learning system/robot operating under known parameters of motor specifications. Any software base permitting high level PC interface without ASCII interrupt can be used for easy programming. This allows for a learning operation mode where a prevention of time lag is enabled by stored machine data, captured through movements such movements can be physically made or taught via programs to the device and such learning aspects make the machine more efficient where the robot can either perform individual actions as needed or learn new methods for the same results and can perform a series of actions continuously. Using the stored data, the machine is also capable of autonomous movements based on the path of least resistance as calculated by the time it takes to perform an act. Interfacing Technique Tool Machining Robot (ITTMR) was developed as robotic tool holder that can determine the shape and size of different OCTG pipes utilized in the downhole industry and enable it to machine appropriate threads on the pipe with no manual intervention. The process thereby completely negates any possibility of human error which can otherwise cause heavy loss on finished equipment that are rendered unusable because of threading errors on almost nearly finished complex milled parts or assemblies that are pending threads as the final operation. The purpose of the software codes is to provide a user-friendly GUI that can communicate with any machine by pulling in appropriate ACNC programs and performing the required tasks associated with the operating system and specifications of the motors/mobilization equipment’s used. For the purpose of this paper, the software code is not provided. Any firmware base that permits the usage of an ASCII interrupt can be used and for the purpose of this operation, an RS323 equivalent board will also suffice for basic operations, however a complex ITTMR system has been utilized. This paper solely addresses the technique of how the threading operation is performed and does not address the process of how the pipe is bought to the machine or other associated aspects of the software to retain any possible patent applications on the same.
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Gil Vera, Victor Daniel. "Objetos virtuales de aprendizaje en la enseñanza de la física: un caso de aplicación / Virtual Learning Objects in the Teaching of Physics: a Case of Applying." Revista Internacional de Aprendizaje en Ciencia, Matemáticas y Tecnología 5, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-revedumat.v5.1856.
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ABSTRACTVirtual Learning Objects (VLO) as a branch of artificial intelligence applied seek to emulate a human teacher both in its know how in their pedagogical and communicative skills. These allow interact with the knowledge at any time and place only to have a mobile or desk device (laptop, smartphone, tablet, Ipad, etc.) without the need to go in person to master classes. The objective of this paper is to present a VLO for the teaching of physics mechanics, specifically is oriented at university students of first semesters and vocational education. The VLO contains the main themes dictated in a mechanics physics course: kinematic, rectilinear and circular movement, work, strength and energy. This paper concludes that, the VLO have the ability to transform the traditional process of teaching and learning and turn it into an agile, flexible and didactic process, facilitating the understanding and the acquisition of new knowledge.RESUMENLos Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (OVA) como rama de la inteligencia artificial aplicada buscan emular a un docente humano tanto en su saber cómo en sus habilidades pedagógicas y comunicativas. Estos permiten interactuar con el conocimiento en cualquier momento y lugar únicamente con tener un dispositivo móvil o de escritorio (laptop, smartphone, tablet, Ipad, etc.) sin necesidad de acudir presencialmente a clases magistrales. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar un OVA para la enseñanza de la física mecánica, específicamente está enfocado a estudiantes universitarios de primeros semestres y de media vocacional. El OVA contiene las principales temáticas dictadas en un curso de física mecánica: cinemática, movimiento rectilíneo, circular, trabajo, fuerza y energía. Se concluye que los OVA tienen la habilidad de transformar el proceso de tradicional de enseñanza aprendizaje y convertirlo en un proceso ágil, flexible y didáctico, facilitando la comprensión y la adquisición de nuevo conocimiento.
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Bayraktar, Duygu Mutlu, and Servet Bayram. "Teachers’ Website Design Experiences and Usability Test: The Case of weebly.com." World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues 10, no. 4 (March 24, 2019): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v10i4.4083.
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Abstract This study was conducted in order to examine the process that the teachers designed the website. For this purpose, www.weebly.com, which is used as a web site building tool, was selected and teachers were given tasks for web designing. In this process, eye and mouse movements of teachers were recorded and analyzed via eye tracking devices. Comparative Static Group Pattern was determined as the research model. The participants were divided into groups formed by random assignment as experiment (N=15) and control group (N=15). This study was carried out in the Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory. Experiments were designed differently for experiment and control groups. Before performing the tasks, an introduction video was shown to the experiment group. All participants were instructed about the tasks to complete in order and expected to perform them. Then, interview questions about the contribution of introduction videos and usability of website were asked. According to the results, weebly.com web site is very useful for building an educational web site for teachers. The group that watched the introduction video completed the tasks in a shorter time than the group who did not watch the videos. At the same time, the group who watched introduction videos before using the site was able to complete more tasks than the group that did not watch the videos. These results show that the use of introduction videos as a navigation facilitator enhances the usability. Keywords: Website design experience, teacher education, usability, eye tracking
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Paranhos, Luiz R., Gladistone C. Meros, Aline Shoji, Selly Suzuki, Rodrigo Manfroi, Jonathas Claus, and Aguinaldo Garcez. "An Alternative Approach for Space Opening in a Bilateral Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis Patient using Miniplates." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 12 (2017): 1198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2200.
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ABSTRACT Aim This case report aimed to present an orthodontic mechanic alternative for space opening in a patient missing maxillary lateral incisors, using miniplates as anchorage, associated with self-ligating brackets. Background Dental agenesis affects the population causing esthetic and functional damages. The prevalence of missing maxillary lateral incisors should be considered for its significant rate and negative impact on smile esthetics. Case report This treatment was chosen based on the presence of balanced facial pattern, large canine anatomy, the need to improve dental occlusion to prevent further wear, and patient's esthetic complaint. To obtain the results, upper third molars were extracted, and two miniplates were installed to distalize the upper arch with no need for patient compliance or auxiliary devices. Self-ligating brackets were used to reduce friction on posterior teeth, thus facilitating movement with light force application. At the end of 19 months, the patient presented with class I good overbite and overjet, and adequate space for implant and prosthetics; also, good facial esthetic was maintained. Conclusion When indicated, space opening may provide excellent esthetics and functional results, and even more predictable results when skeletal anchorage miniplates are used to distalize all posterior teeth. Clinical significance Considering the high level of esthetic and functional compromise caused by dental agenesis, the technique hereby described represents a viable mechanic alternative within orthodontic possibilities. How to cite this article Meros GC, Shoji A, Suzuki S, Paranhos LR, Manfroi R, Claus J, Garcez A. An Alternative Approach for Space Opening in a Bilateral Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis Patient using Miniplates. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1198-1205.
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Jariwala, Dr Neeti Paragbhai, Dr Shraddha Jasmin Diwan, and Dr Nehal Shah. "Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Subjects with Lesions of Central Nervous System: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220811.
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Background: Among different types of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been widely used to improve various outcome measures in subjects with neurological conditions. It is a neuro- modulatory technique that delivers low intensity, direct current to cortical areas facilitating or inhibiting spontaneous neuronal activity. Several studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of tDCS in patients with neurological diseases, including dementia, epilepsy, post-stroke dysfunctions, movement disorders, and other pathological conditions. Introduction: The tDCS stimulating device is a 13 cm×21 cm portable box, with two rubber electrodes applied with conductive gel or water-soaked pads. Typically, the protocol for tDCS utilizes 1-2 mA of continuous current for a duration of 10–20 minutes, with one electrode placed in the region of the motor cortex and the other on the contralateral supraorbital region. The current narrative review was planned to assess efficacy of tDCS while examining the role of specific regions of brain and the understanding of the underlying mechanism for treatment effects of brain stimulation in different neurological conditions involving lesions of Central Nervous System (CNS). Method: Literature was explored on search engines (google scholar, scihub and pubmed) and databases for articles published from 2018 upto February 1, 2022. The key search phrase, transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS and neurological conditions was used to identify potentially relevant articles. The following inclusion criteria were applied for article selection: (1) studies that used tDCS to treat neurological conditions (2) studies that rated at a score of 7 or higher according to the PEDro scale. Results: Many potentially relevant articles were identified. After reading the titles and abstracts and assessing eligibility based on the full-text articles, 47 publications were included in our review. Majority studies showed that the outcome (ADL functions, motor control, pain, memory, speech, epileptic episodes, signs of consciousness, etc) for each condition reviewed were significantly improved. Conclusion: In conclusion, the addition of tDCS to conventional as well as latest method of treating disorders of central nervous system, led to significant improvement in various variables compared with general physical therapy only. Key words: Brain stimulation, neurological conditions, transcranial direct current stimulation.
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Hao, Luoying, Yan Hu, Risa Higashita, James J. Q. Yu, Ce Zheng, and Jiang Liu. "Multiview Volume and Temporal Difference Network for Angle-Closure Glaucoma Screening from AS-OCT Videos." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (April 7, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2722608.
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Background. Precise and comprehensive characterizations from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) are of great importance in facilitating the diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma. Existing automated analysis methods focus on analyzing structural properties identified from the single AS-OCT image, which is limited to comprehensively representing the status of the anterior chamber angle (ACA). Dynamic iris changes are evidenced as a risk factor in primary angle-closure glaucoma. Method. In this work, we focus on detecting the ACA status from AS-OCT videos, which are captured in a dark-bright-dark changing environment. We first propose a multiview volume and temporal difference network (MT-net). Our method integrates the spatial structural information from multiple views of AS-OCT videos and utilizes temporal dynamics of iris regions simultaneously based on image difference. Moreover, to reduce the video jitter caused by eye movement, we employ preprocessing to align the corneal part between video frames. The regions of interest (ROIs) in appearance and dynamics are also automatically detected to intensify the related informative features. Results. In this work, we employ two AS-OCT video datasets captured by two different devices to evaluate the performance, which includes a total of 342 AS-OCT videos. For the Casia dataset, the classification accuracy for our MT-net is 0.866 with a sensitivity of 0.857 and a specificity of 0.875, which achieves superior performance compared with the results of the algorithms based on AS-OCT images with an obvious gap. For the Zeiss AS-OCT video dataset, our method also gets better performance against the methods based on AS-OCT images with a classification accuracy of 0.833, a sensitivity of 0.860, and a specificity of 0.800. Conclusions. The AS-OCT videos captured under changing environments can be a comprehended means for angle-closure classification. The effectiveness of our proposed MT-net is proved by two datasets from different manufacturers
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Malashenkova, V. A., and D. Y. Glinin. "ERGONOMIC FACTORS THAT PROMOTE THE FORMATION OF REHABILITATION CENTERS FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES." Problems of theory and history of architecture of Ukraine, no. 20 (May 12, 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2519-4208-2020-20-49-55.
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The article presents the main ergonomic factors that contribute to the formation of archi- tecture. The use of ergonomic requirements in the field of architectural design is due to the prob- lems of architectural ergonomics, which are associated with the formation of an environment that allows the child to use his abilities and respond to his individual requests. Based on the studies, 4 main ergonomic factors are identified and their detailed characteristics are given. One of the most important subsystems of the social sphere of any state is nurturing, treat- ment and education of children with various types of disabilities and limitations, which determines the potential of social, economic and cultural development. In our country we are actively searching for the solutions that allow flexible use of the building, taking into account emerging changes in the forms and methods of rehabilitation and training. The solution of this problem is to create open internal, transformed space for children’s rehabilitation centers. In fact the features and specifics of the rehabilitation is a research institution in which there is a research part and it carries out the work in each individual situation, and in the activity of the specialist as a whole, and without focusing on this aspect, this work becomes a simple formality. The application of ergonomic requirements in the field of environmental architectural de- sign highlights the problems of architectural ergonomics, associated with the formation of our im- mediate surrounding, in accordance with individual requests of the person, taking into account the facilitation of the fulfillment of human life functions. Against this background, it is necessary to be very responsive to creating of the architectural environment for children with disabilities. Ergo- nomic factors are the most important forming factors for particular architecture that will affect the treatment and rehabilitation of such children. Thus, the ergonomic factors, that affect the formation of rehabilitation centers for the chil- dren with disabilities, can be divided into 4 groups: • spatial and anthropometric requirements (dimension and size of the equipment and furniture, geometric parameters of space, spatial human behavior, human anthropomet- ric characteristics); • determination of number of storeys; • barrier-free architecture; • psycho-physiological environment. Correcting the architectural environment would reduce the problem of children with disa- bilities. It should be noted that equipping the environment with stationary supporting devices does not solve the problem of physical defect compensation. The environment ―obstacles‖ for such children are: long way, difficult route, irrational movement, interaction with furniture, etc. According to the research, the children and the teachers are forced to walk up to a 40-floor height every day. Of course, this has a negative effect on children’s health. It is established that as a result of 5-floor rising, the pulse rate and blood pressure indicators change significantly, and the recovery occurs only in 10-20 minutes. Most of the existing centers are located in four-, five-storey buildings. Although the hy- gienists in special children’s rehabilitation centers have not performed similar studies, it is correct to assume that the negative impact of these factors on them will increase taking into account the peculiarities of physical growth and development of children with disabilities. The issue of identi- fying the optimum number of stories in a building is closely connected with the organization of connection between the classrooms and the school site. When organizing the environment during the design it is necessary to foresee and ensure: the shortest accessibility to the rooms, actively used by the children; reduction of movement routes, exclusion of difficult routes; obstacle clearing on the path; the use of specially designed furniture, effective trauma protection of the children. It should be noted that the use of such elements as paintings, reproductions, photos, music, color, can significantly improve the mental health of patients and affect the working efficiency of the staff. However, when choosing colors for walls, doors, furniture, for the purpose of special marking, it is necessary to take into account the difficulties in their discrimination for many peo- ple, in particular, for elderly patients, patients with mental disorders and those who have color dis- crimination [6, p. 14]. Medical equipment, that is easy to transform and takes into account the different levels of users’ mobility, will help to create comfortable, safe conditions and lighten the work of the staff. For example, a height-adjustable specialist seating is accessible for the children with muscle- skeleton disorder and, at the same time, reduces staff efforts. Creating barrier-free architecture is one of the topical problems in building an accessible architectural environment for children with disabilities. This factor should take into account the needs of those children who require specific conditions, who have trouble in self-care and mobility. The first and most important requirement for creating a barrier-free environment is the concept of ―universal design‖. The second most important requirement is acting according to a continuity principle of the barrier-free architectural environment. No barriers, the elements, that make impossible or signifi-cantly complicated movement and self-care, should be encountered in all the spheres of human activity, and first of all in the path of movement. It is especially important to follow the continuity principle in the areas where the child is most often. State building codes and design guides help the architects and designers make space for the children with disabilities as accessible, comfortable, and understandable as possible. Nowadays, universal design in our country is at the level of development, but this is the first steps towards improving the architectural environment for children with disabilities.
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Tsai, Sung-Lin, Takuya Hoshii, Hitoshi Wakabayashi, Kazuo Tsutsui, and Kuniyuki Kakushima. "A Gradual Change in Al1-XScX N Ferroelectric Film upon Switching Reversal." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 29 (July 7, 2022): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01291295mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
Ferroelectric materials have been utilized for non-volatile memory applications [1]. Recently, Al1-x Sc x N (ASN) films were reported to exhibit ferroelectricity with a high remnant polarization of over 100 µC/cm2 which is attractive for future non-volatile memory [2]. The feasibility of FeRAM application has been confirmed based on material and electrical properties [3]. One of the issues of ASN films is the lack of reliability and endurance properties, as the number of switching cycles of 104 to 105 is the typical endurance of the ASN films before breakdown [4]. In this study, we infer the gradual change in the ASN film upon switching cycles. A 50-nm-thick ASN film with x of 0.22 was characterized with TiN electrodes at top and bottom. The as-fabricated film is self-polarized in an upward direction; the negative voltage applied to the top electrode triggers the switching reversal. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics, double sweeping the voltage to the negative, and then to the positive directions, were used to observe the switching voltage. A sinusoidal wave with an amplitude of 28 V at 2 kHz was used to switch the capacitor, ending with a positive voltage applied to the top electrode. The C-V curve for the as-fabricated sample (fresh), shown in figure 1, showed only a single peak capacitance for each sweep. The voltage at the peak capacitance during the negative sweep shifted from -20.8 to -17.4 V from the first to third sweep, larger than the shift during the positive sweep. This indicates that the switching voltage, or the coercive field, was reduced during the first negative sweep. After stressing the sample by 103-cycle switching, the C-V curve revealed two capacitance peaks in the negative direction, as shown in figure 2; the peak at -20.2 and -15.2 V are referred to as the peaks obtained in the first and third sweeps for the fresh device. The capacitance peak at -20.2 V gradually decreased moving to merge to the peak at -15.2 V. During this transition, little change of the peak in the positive region was observed, indicating that a gradual transformation in the ASN film upon switching reversal is happening only when the film is switched from upward to downward direction. We hypothesized the creation of nitrogen-vacancy (VN) during the switching, facilitating the movement of N atoms to reduce the coercive field. One can understand that the transformation is completed during the C-V measurement for the fresh sample as the time for the measurement is long. In conclusion, we observed a gradual change in the switching voltage upon switching reversal. A lower coercive field was found to gradually appear after switching, decreasing, and shifting the initial coercive field. References [1] T. S. Böscke, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 99, 102903 (2011). [2] S. Fichtner, et al., J. Appl. Phys., 125, 114103 (2019). [3] C. Liu, et al., IEDM Tech. Dig. (2021). [4] S.-L. Tsai, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 60, SBBA05 (2021). Figure 1
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Schwendinger, Fabian, Jonathan Wagner, Raphael Knaier, Denis Infanger, Alex V. Rowlands, Timo Hinrichs, and Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss. "Reference values for accelerometer metrics and associations with cardiorespiratory fitness: a prospective cohort study of healthy adults and patients with heart failure." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 029. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss029.
Full textAbstract:
Background
Accelerometry has gained increasing popularity and yields numerous physical activity (PA) outcomes (Rowlands et al., 2019). These include traditional cut-point-based (i.e. light, moderate, and vigorous PA) and cut-point-free metrics (i.e. intensity gradient [IG] and average acceleration [AvAcc]). IG reflects the intensity distribution of PA across the day (Rowlands et al., 2018; Fairclough et al., 2019). AvAcc is a proxy for the daily volume of PA ( Rowlands et al., 2018; Fairclough et al., 2019). Cut-point-based metrics are commonly expressed in minutes per day, making their interpretation simple (Troiano et al., 2014). Yet, the measured acceleration needs to be categorised by setting population- and device-dependent cut-points to obtain these metrics (Troiano et al., 2014). Cut-point-free metrics, on the other hand, are comparable across studies, accelerometer brands (Migueles et al., 2022), and diverse populations (Rowlands et al., 2018). However, their interpretation is not easy. Besides, it is unknown how cut-point-free metrics are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), an important health indicator in healthy individuals and patient populations with impaired CRF (Kodama et al., 2009). We thus aimed to 1) compare the association of CRF with cut-point-free metrics to that with cut-point-based metrics in a prospective cohort of healthy adults aged 20 to 89 years and patients with heart failure, and 2) provide age-, sex-, and CRF-related reference values for healthy adults.
Methods
The COmPLETE study was cross-sectional. Healthy individuals were recruited via unaddressed letters sent to randomly selected postal districts in the Basel area (Wagner et al., 2019). Patients with heart failure were approached as described elsewhere (Wagner et al., 2019). Subjects were asked to wear GENEActiv accelerometers on their non-dominant wrist for up to 14 days and undergo cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a cycle ergometer to determine CRF. Raw accelerometer data were processed using the R-package GGIR (Migueles et al., 2019; van Hees et al., 2013). Associations between CRF and accelerometer metrics were examined using multiple linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index. Percentile curves were generated with Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (Stasinopoulos & Rigby, 2008).
Results
Four hundred and sixty-three healthy adults and 67 patients with heart failure were included in the analyses. IG and AvAcc provide complementary information on PA. Both metrics were independently associated with CRF in healthy individuals. The best cut-point-free regression model (AvAcc+IG) performed similar to the best cut-point-based model (vigorous activity) and explained 73.9% and 74.2% of the variance in CRF, respectively. In patients with heart failure, IG was associated with CRF, independent of AvAcc. Cut-point-free models (IG+AvAcc, IG alone) had comparable predictive value for CRF as the best cut-point-based metric (moderate-to-vigorous activity). We produced age-, sex-, and CRF-related reference values for IG, AvAcc, moderate-to-vigorous, and vigorous activity for healthy adults. Moreover, we developed a web-based application (rawacceleration) facilitating the interpretation of cut-point-free metrics.
Conclusions
Cut-point-free metrics are not only more robust than cut-point-based metrics, but also have similar predictive value for CRF and, in turn, indirectly for the risk of mortality and longevity (Kodama et al., 2009; Mok et al., 2019). This may be the case in both healthy individuals and patients with heart failure. Our findings together with those of previous studies (Rowlands et al., 2018; Fairclough et al., 2019), therefore, provide a rationale that cut-point-free metrics facilitate the capture of the volume and intensity distribution of the PA profile across populations, and thus may be a viable alternative to cut-point-based metrics in describing PA. Our reference values will enhance the utility of IG and AvAcc and facilitate their interpretation. Finally, our web-based application will simplify this process and also support the translation of cut-point-free metrics into meaningful outcomes.
References
Fairclough, S. J., Taylor, S., Rowlands, A. V., Boddy, L. M., & Noonan, R. J. (2019) Average acceleration and intensity gradient of primary school children and associations with indicators of health and well-being. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(18), 2159-2167. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1624313
Kodama, S., Saito, K., Tanaka, S., Maki, M., Yachi, Y., Asumi, M., Sugawara, A., Totsuka, K., Shimano, H., Ohashi, Y., Yamada, N., & Sone, H. (2009). Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: A meta-analysis. JAMA, 301(19), 2024-35.https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.681
Migueles, J. H., Molina-Garcia, P., Torres-Lopez, L. V., Cadenas-Sanchez, C., Rowlands, A. V., Ebner-Priemer, U. W., Koch, E. D., Reif, A., & Ortega, F. B. (2022). Equivalency of four research-grade movement sensors to assess movement behaviors and its implications for population surveillance. Science Reports, 12, Article 5525. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09469-2
Migueles, J. H., Rowlands, A. V., Huber, F., Sabia, S., & van Hees, V. T. (2019). GGIR: A research community–driven open source R package for generating physical activity and sleep outcomes from multi-day raw accelerometer data. Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour, 2(3),188-96. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2018-0063
Mok, A., Khaw, K.-T., Luben, R., Wareham, N., & Brage, S. (2019). Physical activity trajectories and mortality: Population based cohort study. BMJ, 365, l2323. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l2323
Rowlands, A. V., Edwardson, C. L., Davies, M. J., Khunti, K., Harrington, D. M., & Yates, T. (2018). Beyond cut points: Accelerometer metrics that capture the physical activity profile. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 50(6), 1323-32. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001561
Rowlands, A. V., Fairclough, S. J., Yates, T., Edwardson, C. L., Davies, M., Munir, F., Khunti, K., & Stiles, V. H. (2019). Activity intensity, volume, and norms: Utility and interpretation of accelerometer metrics. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 51(11), 2410-2422. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002047
Stasinopoulos, D. M., & Rigby, R. A. (2008). Generalized additive models for location scale and shape (GAMLSS) in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 23(7), 1 - 46. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v023.i07
Troiano, R. P., McClain, J. J., Brychta, R. J., & Chen, K. Y. (2014). Evolution of accelerometer methods for physical activity research. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(13), 1019-1023. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-093546
van Hees, V. T., Gorzelniak, L., Dean León, E. C., Eder, M., Pias, M., Taherian, S., Ekelung, U., Renström, F., Franks, P. W., Horsch, A., & Brage, S. (2013). Separating movement and gravity components in an acceleration signal and implications for the assessment of human daily physical activity. PloS one, 8(4), Article e61691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061691
Wagner, J., Knaier, R., Infanger, D., Arbeev, K., Briel, M., Dieterle, T., Hanssen, H., Faude, O., Roth, R., Hinrichs, T., & Schmidt-Trucksäss, A. (2019). Functional aging in health and heart failure: The COmPLETE Study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 19, Article 180. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1164-6
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Kim, Dongshin, and Jang-Sik Lee. "Designing artificial sodium ion reservoirs to emulate biological synapses." NPG Asia Materials 12, no. 1 (September 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41427-020-00243-2.
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Abstract Emulating neurons/synapses in the brain is an important step to realizing highly efficient computers. This fact makes neuromorphic devices important emerging solutions to the limitations imposed by the current computing architecture. To mimic synaptic functions in the brain, it is critical to replicate ionic movements in the nervous system. It is therefore important to note that ions move easily in liquids. In this study, we demonstrate a liquid-based neuromorphic device that is capable of mimicking the movement of ions in the nervous system by controlling Na+ movement in an aqueous solution. The concentration of Na+ in the solution can control the ionic conductivity of the device. The device shows short-term and long-term plasticity such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, potentiation, and depression, which are key properties for memorization and computation in the brain. This device has the potential to overcome the limitations of current von Neumann architecture-based computing systems and substantially advance the technology of neuromorphic computing.
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Landelle, C., J. Danna, B. Nazarian, M. Amberg, F. Giraud, L. Pruvost, R. Kronland-Martinet, S. Ystad, M. Aramaki, and Anne Kavounoudias. "The impact of movement sonification on haptic perception changes with aging." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (March 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84581-3.
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AbstractCombining multisensory sources is crucial to interact with our environment, especially for older people who are facing sensory declines. Here, we examined the influence of textured sounds on haptic exploration of artificial textures in healthy younger and older adults by combining a tactile device (ultrasonic display) with synthetized textured sounds. Participants had to discriminate simulated textures with their right index while they were distracted by three disturbing, more or less textured sounds. These sounds were presented as a real-time auditory feedback based on finger movement sonification and thus gave the sensation that the sounds were produced by the haptic exploration. Finger movement velocity increased across both groups in presence of textured sounds (Rubbing or Squeaking) compared to a non-textured (Neutral) sound. While young adults had the same discrimination threshold, regardless of the sound added, the older adults were more disturbed by the presence of the textured sounds with respect to the Neutral sound. Overall, these findings suggest that irrelevant auditory information was taken into account by all participants, but was appropriately segregated from tactile information by young adults. Older adults failed to segregate auditory information, supporting the hypothesis of general facilitation of multisensory integration with aging.
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Cruciani, Alessandro, Jacopo Lanzone, Gabriella Musumeci, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, and Massimo Marano. "Focal vibrations enhance somatosensory facilitation in healthy subjects: A pilot study on Equistasi® and high-frequency oscillations." Frontiers in Neurology 13 (November 23, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.1052989.
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BackgroundEquistasi® is a vibrotactile device composed of nanotechnology fibers that converts temperature change into mechanical energy by self-producing a focal vibration. It is used in non-pharmacological rehabilitation in patients with movement disorders and multiple sclerosis sequelae. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying such an improvement in motor functions is still poorly understood.ObjectivesWe designed a small uncontrolled pilot trial to explore the effect of Equistasi® on the somatosensory pathway through the analysis of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs).MethodsFor all the included subjects, we recorded somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) at the baseline (T0) and at 60 min after the application of Equistasi® (T1) on the seventh cervical vertebra level and at the forearm over each flexor carpi radialis, bilaterally. Then, we extracted the HFOs from the N20 signal and compared the HFO duration and area under the curve pre- and post-Equistasi® application.ResultsIn a head-to-head comparison of T0 to T1 data, there was a statistically significant reduction in the total HFO area (p < 0.01), which was prominent for the late component (p = 0.025). No statistical differences have been found between T0 and T1 HFO duration (p > 0.05). We further evaluated the N20 amplitude from the onset to the N20 peak to avoid possible interpretational bias. No statistical differences have been found between T0 and T1 (p = 0.437).ConclusionOur clinical hypothesis, supported by preliminary data, is that vibrotactile afference delivered by the device could work by interfering with the somatosensory processing, rather than by peripheral effects.
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Pelarin, Karina Contiero, José Augusto Pereira da Cruz, Gastão Moura Neto, and Renata Furquim Moura. "Advance in contemporary orthodontics: a systematic review." MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3 (April 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.54448/mdnt22s209.
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Introduction: During orthodontic treatment, careful planning is essential for its success, taking into account aspects such as facial harmony, functional occlusion, and esthetics. The anchorage system has been widely used by orthodontists due to its high level of success. In addition to replacing the use of extra and intraoral devices, mini-implants show a simple technique that does not require patient cooperation and less discomfort, enabling more movements predictable and balanced in a short treatment time. Objective: To report the types of mini-implants and their characteristics, addressing their advantages and disadvantages, insertion locations, indications, and contraindications, in order to promote general knowledge of orthodontic treatment with skeletal anchorage. Methods: Clinical studies with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis were included, following the rules of the systematic review-PRISMA. Results: The mini-implants are made in two types, such as self-tapping requires a drill and self-drilling that has a cut. Their use provides advantages such as a set of more agile, simple, and less invasive techniques, with minimal anatomical limitations, less cost, not depending on the patient's contribution, allowing the application of immediate load and increased predictability of movements. Disadvantages are considered when there is movement and loosening of the mini-implant, involvement of nerves and blood vessels during surgery, mucosal irritation, and gingival hyperplasia caused by poor hygiene causing pain and swelling. Conclusion: It is concluded that the mini-implant emerged to revolutionize orthodontic treatment through more precise movements, in a short time, facilitating more complex movements that other devices had difficulty performing. Its main characteristic is a high success rate, in addition to having a reduced size, which allows its insertion in several sites. Consequently, the skeletal anchorage device is an excellent method, as long as it is used according to indications and taking meticulous care from the ideal choice of the device to the moment of its insertion.
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Adasonla, Kelvin, Mohammed K. Quraishi, Abdoulai Samateh, Rebecca Tregunna, Edward Calleja, and Peter D. Rimington. "Robotic-assisted laparoscopic retrieval of a migrated IUCD in the pelvis." Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2021, no. 7 (July 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjab268.
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Abstract Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are a popular treatment choice for contraception. We report a case of a woman in her forties who presented to a urology clinic with visible haematuria. Flexible cystoscopy revealed a bladder lesion, suspicious for a tumour. However, subsequent imaging determined that this was in fact the arm of an IUCD, sited 7 years previously, which had migrated into the bladder. The patient underwent an uneventful robotic-assisted laparoscopic removal of the device. IUCD-related complications are infrequent and can present atypically, warranting a broad diagnostic approach. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic removal of devices migrating into pelvic structures offers all the advantages of minimally invasive surgery, with the added benefits of three-dimensional views and endowrist movement facilitating tasks such as intracorporeal suturing. We report the first documented case of utilizing the da Vinci robotic system in safely assisting the removal of a migrated IUCD.
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Ferreira, Fernanda Márcia Rodrigues Martins, Guilherme de Paula Rúbio, Rina Mariane Alves Dutra, Adriana Maria Valladão Novais Van Petten, and Claysson Bruno Santos Vimieiro. "Development of portable robotic orthosis and biomechanical validation in people with limited upper limb function after stroke." Robotica, July 6, 2022, 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574722000881.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Stroke has a considerable incidence in the world population and would cause sequelae in the upper limbs. One way to increase the efficiency in the rehabilitation process of patients with these sequelae is through robot-assisted therapy. The present study developed a portable robotic orthosis called Pinotti Portable Robotic Exoskeleton (PPRE) and validated its functioning in clinical tests. The static and dynamic parts of the device modules are described. Design issues, such as heavyweight and engine positioning, have been optimized. The implementation of control was through a smartphone application that communicates with a microcontroller to perform desired movements. Four individuals with motor impairment of the upper limbs due to stroke performed clinical tests to validate the device. Participants did not mention pain, discomfort, tingling, and paresthesia. The robotic device showed the ability to perform the flexion and extension movements of the fingers and elbow. The PPRE was confirmed to be adequate and functional at different levels of motor impairment assessed. The orthosis presented advantages over the currently existing devices, concerning its biomechanical functioning, portability, comfort, and versatility. Thus, the apparatus has the great innovative potential to become a device for home use, serving as an aid to the therapist and facilitating the rehabilitation of patients after an injury. In a larger sample, future studies are needed to assess the effect of a robotic orthosis on the level of rehabilitation in individuals with upper limb impairment.