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Staples, Kerri. "Fundamental movement skills and motor planning abilities among children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86759.
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Behaviours of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are developmental in nature, where movement skill differences can be accounted for in terms of either delays or deficits. This dissertation includes three manuscripts that collectively delineate differences in planning and execution of fundamental movement skills by children with ASD in terms of delays and deficits. The first manuscript compares performance of twenty-five children with ASD to three typically developing comparison groups individually-matched on chronological age (CA), movement skill (DEV), and mental age equivalence (MA) on the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2). Performance of children with ASD was poor compared to the CA group on locomotor and object control subtests of the TGMD-2, suggesting a delay in development. Children with ASD were strategically matched to the DEV group on raw score from the locomotor portion of the TGMD-2. This group was approximately half the age of the children with ASD, demonstrating the extent of this delay. Comparisons to the MA group showed that differences in movement skill cannot be accounted for entirely in terms of cognition as the children with ASD performed significantly worse on both subtests. The second manuscript describes the initial development and validation of an obstacle course to explore movement planning to better understand the differences in performance of fundamental movement skills found in the first study. The psychometric properties were sufficient to warrant further use. The third manuscript examined movement planning based on performance of children with ASD on the obstacle course compared to the same three groups of typically developing children. Motor planning was inferred from frequency of acts of hesitation and hesitation time during the obstacle course, while movement execution was inferred from execution time, movement pattern, and success. Despite demonstrating similar movement patterns as the younger DEV groLes comportements des enfants autistes sont de nature développementale; les différences des habiletés de mouvement peuvent être expliquées comme des différences de délais ou de déficits. Cette thèse est composée de trois articles scientifiques, qui collectivement expliquent les différences de la planification et de l'exécution des mouvements fondamentaux des enfants autistes, en ce qui a trait aux délais et déficits. Le premier article compare la performance de vingt-cinq enfants autistes à trois groupes d'enfants avec un développement typique. Les enfants étaient jumelés individuellement par l'âge chronologique (AC), l'habileté de mouvement (HM), et l'équivalence de l'âge mentale (AM) mesuré avec le « Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2). La performance des enfants autistes était faible en comparaison avec le groupe AC sur les sous-tests de control du mouvement et control des objets du TGMD-2, suggérant un délai de développement. Les enfants autistes étaient jumelés au groupe HM par leur résultat brut au sous test du control du mouvement du TGMD-2.Les enfants de ce groupe étaient deux fois plus jeune que les enfants autistes, ce qui démontre l'ampleur du délai. Des comparaisons au groupe HM, démontrent que les différences d'habiletés de mouvement ne peut être complètement expliqué par la cognition étant donné que les enfants autistes performaient moins bien aux deux sous-tests, et ce, de façon significative. Le deuxième article décrit le développement et la validation d'une course à obstacles pour' explorer la planification des mouvements afin de mieux comprendre les différences de l'exécution des mouvements fondamentaux trouvées lors de la première étude. Les propriétés psychométriques étaient suffisantes pour justifier l'usage davantage. Le troisième article examine la planification du mouvement basée sur la performance des enfants autistes à la course à 'obstacle. La performance des enfants autis
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Lloyd, Meghann. "Self-regulation of sport specific and educational problem-solving tasks by children with and without developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79787.
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The purpose was to examine the domain specificity of the self-regulatory skills of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) compared to their peers without DCD. Participants included 10 children with DCD and 10 without. A sport specific problem-solving task (shooting at a hockey net) and an educational problem-solving task (peg solitaire) were compared. Zimmerman's (2000) social cognitive model of self-regulation was used; it has three phases (a) forethought, (b) performance or volitional control, and (c) self-reflection. Participants were taught to think aloud during both tasks to access cognitive processes (Ericsson & Simon, 1984/1993). Codes were developed under five major categories, (a) goals, (b) knowledge, (c) emotion, (d) monitoring, and (e) evaluation. Verbalizations were transcribed and coded using the NUD*IST Vivo software. Results indicated that children with DCD have decreased knowledge in the motor domain, may have general difficulties with planning and set less challenging goals. The findings also support previous research regarding their negative emotions attached to motor tasks.
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Venkatesh, Lakshmi. "Speech movement characteristics of repetitive syllable production in children with speech disorders of unknown origin /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8264.
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Reilly, Dinah Sue. "Development of postural control in typically developnig children and children with cerebral palsy : the effects of dual task conditions /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://www.lib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190542.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-119). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Cruddace, Susan Ann. "Attention deficits in children with reading disorder, movement disorder or both." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408093.
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Dwan, Leanne Nicole Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Kinematic analysis of the upper limb during anatomical and functional movements in healthy children." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Safety Science, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44605.
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Impairments of upper limb function can negatively impact an individual???s ability to carry out everyday tasks. Children with cerebral palsy can have limitations of upper limb movement due to physiological and structural changes in their body. Current treatment regimes for children with upper limb involvement of cerebral palsy are assessed using a variety of qualitative assessment tools. These measures rely on subjective input from the assessor, and can be insensitive to significant functional improvements. Research methods in upper limb motion analysis are developing towards use as clinical tools. To date, there is a paucity of knowledge on the quantitative measures of range of motion (ROM) and function of upper limbs in healthy children. There is also lack of agreement on repeatable functional tasks of the upper limb for 3D measurement. The identification of a repeatable task in healthy children would facilitate the use of upper limb 3D motion analysis to guide clinical practice and improve patient outcomes. This thesis aims to describe upper limb joint range of movement in each degree of freedom and present normative three dimensional kinematic data of upper limb movement in healthy children during a repeatable upper limb functional task. This will provide a basis for comparison to children with movement disorders for future research and clinical practice. The UNSW kinematic upper limb model was found to successfully measure three dimensional upper limb anatomical and functional movements in healthy children. Normative kinematic data are reported for anatomical movements and two functional tasks. The results of the studies undertaken showed that differences in dominant and non-dominant limbs were present during anatomical and functional movements. Joint angles measured were found to be repeatable in healthy children. The results suggest that methods used were reliable for investigating upper limb kinematics. Functional movement time-series data were found to be repeatable for the group with the exception of wrist flexion/extension during the hand to mouth movement for both the dominant and non-dominant limbs. These findings improve current knowledge on upper limb kinematics in healthy children. This knowledge can assist the investigation of movement disorders in children to facilitate clinical decision making.
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Licari, Melissa Kym. "Associated movements as an indicator of motor functioning in children." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0198.
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[Tuncated abstract] Previous research has shown that associated movements (AMs) decrease with age in typically developing children. However, considerable variability has been found to exist between children of the same chronological age (Wolff et al., 1983; Largo et al., 2001) and the reasons for this variability are unclear. As AMs are considered to be a construct of motor behaviour it is possible that varying levels of motor ability may contribute to this variability. Only a few studies have investigated the relationship between motor ability and AM expression, and those have resulted in equivocal findings. Therefore, the aim of the first study in this research project was to investigate the relationship between motor ability and AMs using a large sample of normative children (N=165). Group 1 consisted of 19 boys and 33 girls in school year 1 with a mean age of 6 years and 4 months (SD = 4 months); Group 2 consisted of 28 boys and 29 girls in school year 3 with a mean age of 8 years and 3 months (SD = 3 months); and Group 3 consisted of 27 boys and 29 girls in school year 5 with a mean age of 9 years 11 months (SD = 5 months). Motor ability was established using the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND) (McCarron, 1982). Associated movements were measured using tasks adapted from the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment (Largo et al., 2002), the Fog Test (Fog & Fog, 1963), and Licari et al. (2006). '...' The second study in this research project continued to explore the relationship between motor ability and AMs by investigating whether increased severity of AMs previously reported in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Denckla & Rudel, 1978; Lazarus, 1994; Mostofsky et al., 2003) is reflective of symptoms associated with the disorder or movement difficulties co-occurring in some children with the disorder. Four groups of children participated in the study. Group 1 consisted of 13 children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) with a mean age of 7 years 3 months (SD = 9 months); Group 2 consisted of 13 children with ADHD with a mean age of 7 years 4 months (SD = 11 months); Group 3 consisted of 10 children with co-occurring DCD and ADHD with a mean age of 7 years 4 months (SD = 10 months); and, Group 4 was a normative sample 15 control children. The children undertook the same AM assessment protocol outlined for Study 1. The AM data was entered into the RUMM 2020 and person location estimates (Rasch AM scores) were created for each child based on the person location map from Study 1. A comparison of AM scores between the groups revealed that the DCD and DCD/ADHD groups showed significantly more (p <0.001) AMs than the children in the ADHD and control groups. No significant differences were found between children in the DCD and DCD/ADHD groups (p = 0.19) or the ADHD and control groups (p = 0.67). The findings of this research show that increased expression of AMs is not influenced by the symptoms of ADHD. In addition, the finding that increased expression of AMs in children with DCD extends the findings from Study 1 showing that AM expression is linked to motor ability. Overall this research has enhanced the understanding of a unique measure of motor behaviour.
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Komulainen-Ebrahim, J. (Jonna). "Genetic aetiologies and phenotypic variations of childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathies and movement disorders." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222356.
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Abstract Novel genetic aetiologies for epileptic encephalopathies and movement disorders have been discovered by using next-generation sequencing methods. The phenotypic and genotypic variability in these conditions is very wide. The aim of this study was to discover novel genetic causes and phenotypes of childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy and epileptic or developmental encephalopathies that occur separately or together with movement disorders, and familial movement disorders. Furthermore, the use of whole-exome sequencing (WES) as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice was evaluated. Altogether, 12 children with undefined aetiology, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. GABRG2 gene was identified as a genetic cause of epileptic encephalopathies. Novel GABRG2-associated phenotypes included progressive neurodegeneration, epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures, and autism spectrum disorder. New pathogenic variants, GABRG2 p.P282T and p.S306F, were discovered. The pathogenic NACC1 variant caused focal epilepsy, developmental disability, bilateral cataracts, and dysautonomia. The novel phenotype associated with the NACC1 p.R298W variant included hyperkinetic movement disorder. SAMD9L was found to be the genetic cause for the familial movement disorder. The phenotype associated with the novel SAMD9L p.I891T variant was very variable. Neuroradiological findings included cerebellar atrophy and periventricular white matter changes. After publication of these results, SAMD9L was reported to be one of the most common genetic aetiologies of childhood bone marrow failure and myelodysplastic syndrome. The pathogenic homozygous MTR variant was found to cause early-onset epileptic encephalopathy that occurred together with movement disorder and haematological disturbances. Drug resistant seizures responded to cofactor and vitamin treatments. Whole-exome sequencing for 10 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy or epileptic or developmental encephalopathy provided a genetic diagnosis for two patients (20%). This study confirmed that, for epileptic encephalopathies and movement disorders in which the genetic causes and phenotypes are heterogeneous and sometimes treatable, WES is a useful tool for diagnostics and in the search for novel aetiologies, which might turn out to be more common than expectedTiivistelmä Uusien sekvensointimenetelmien käyttöönotto on mahdollistanut epileptisten enkefalopatioiden ja liikehäiriöiden uusien geneettisten syiden löytymisen. Näissä sairausryhmissä geenien ja ilmiasujen vaihtelevuus on suurta. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli löytää uusia geneettisiä syitä ja ilmiasuja lapsuusiällä alkavissa vaikeahoitoisissa epilepsioissa ja epileptisissä tai kehityksellisissä joko itsenäisesti tai yhdessä liikehäiriön kanssa esiintyvissä enkefalopatioissa sekä perheittäin esiintyvissä liikehäiriöissä. Lisäksi selvitettiin eksomisekvensoinnin käyttökelpoisuutta kliinisessä diagnostiikassa näiden potilasryhmien kohdalla. Tutkimukseen osallistui yhteensä 12 sisäänottokriteerit täyttävää lasta, joiden sairauden syy oli jäänyt tuntemattomaksi. GABRG2-geenin mutaatiot aiheuttivat epileptisiä enkefalopatioita, joiden uutena ilmiasuna oli etenevä taudinkuva, johon liittyivät aivojen rappeutuminen, migroiva imeväisiän paikallisalkuinen epilepsia sekä autismikirjon häiriö. Tutkimuksessa löydettiin uusia GABRG2-mutaatioita: p.P282T ja p.S306F. NACC1-geenin mutaatio aiheutti epilepsian, kehitysvammaisuuden, molemminpuolisen kaihin ja autonomisen hermoston toiminnan häiriön. Hyperkineettinen liikehäiriö oli uusi NACC1 p.R298W -mutaatioon liittyvä ilmiasu. SAMD9L-geenin mutaatio aiheutti perheessä esiintyvän liikehäiriön. Neurologinen ja hematologinen ilmiasu olivat hyvin vaihtelevia. Aivojen kuvantamislöydöksiin sisältyi pikkuaivojen rappeutumista ja valkoisen aivoaineen muutoksia aivokammioiden ympärillä. Näiden tutkimustulosten julkaisemisen jälkeen SAMD9L-geenin mutaatioiden on todettu olevan yksi yleisimmistä perinnöllisistä luuytimen vajaatoiminnan ja myelodysplasian syistä. Homotsygoottinen MTR-geenin mutaatio aiheutti varhain alkaneen epileptisen enkefalopatian, liikehäiriön ja hematologisen häiriön. Kofaktori- ja vitamiini hoidot vähensivät epileptisiä kohtauksia, joihin tavanomainen lääkitys ei tehonnut. Geneettiset syyt ja ilmiasut ovat epileptisissä enkefalopatioissa ja liikehäiriöissä hyvin vaihtelevia, ja osaan on olemassa spesifi hoito. Eksomisekvensointi on käyttökelpoinen diagnostiikan ja uusien geneettisten syiden etsimisen apuna. Tässä tutkimuksessa eksomisekvensoinnin avulla kymmenestä potilaasta kahdelle (20%) saatiin varmistettua geneettinen diagnoosi
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Walters, Yolinda. "The effects of a perceptual-motor development program on children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1302.
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Williams, Morgan. "Exploration of differences in vertical jump performance between typically developing children and those identified with DCD: A kinematic and kinetic analysis." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2008. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/f8fdf81187083624d5a761591f5ebfaaf6a0ee31953a25b839d2ffa4ba5488f3/2493253/65144_downloaded_stream_369.pdf.
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This study compared the motor performance of children identified with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) with those of a matched group categorised as typically developing (TD). Based on the existing literature, vertical jumping was the task selected as it is a fundamental movement skill (Gallahue & Ozmun, 2002), and a single optimal coordination pattern has been shown to exist (e.g., Bobbert & van Ingen Schenau, 1998).Within the conceptual framework developed for this enquiry, jump height, the performance outcome, was the highest level variable. Level 2 variables described the centre of mass displacement at key instants during the jumping movement. Level 3 variables identified measures of velocity, force and power, which underpin the movement, and level 4 variables described the countermovement specific to this task. This provided a more thorough analysis than previously reported in DCD literature for jumping. The objective of this study was to identify possible mechanisms of DCD in order to advance the understanding of this impairment. A cross-sectional sample (n = 165) of males and females aged between 5 and 12 years was drawn from a school in Victoria, Australia. Using the Movement-Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC), 62 children from the sample were identified as having DCD with total impairment scores below the 15th percentile for their age-band (Henderson & Sugden, 1992). From the remaining children assessed, who all scored above the 15th percentile, 62 were matched with the DCD group to form the TD group (n= 62). Participants performed three maximal vertical jumps, standing on a single forceplate. Each child's best vertical jump was analysed using forceplate (700 Hz) and 2D sagittal kinematic data from a single camera video (50 Hz) capture. The results confirmed previous findings that DCD children jump lower than their TD peers, although there was a considerable overlap in motor ability between the groups.;Peak VCOM occurred earlier in the jumping movement in the DCD group, when compared to the TD group. This meant a longer elapsed time from the instant of peak VCOM to take-off, which was attributed to coordination error. The earlier occurrence of peak VCOM in the DCD group could be explained by the lower shank angular velocity at take-off. In addition, the DCD group produced lower jump impulse and peak power. Further probing of the jump height data revealed an interesting relationship between age band and jump height that was gender specific. It was noted that for the DCD males, less than 1% of the variance found in jump height could be accounted for by age-band. In contrast, the explained variance for jump height by age-band was 24% for the TD males. The females showed similar relationships for jump height and age-band in both groups. It was thought that this may reflect physical activity avoidance caused by greater social pressures on boys to be good at sports (e.g., Parker & Larkin, 2003). In addition, a further analysis of the DCD group data was undertaken to compare those who had difficulties in dynamic balance and those who did not. In this analysis, body mass was found to have a significant effect on leg stiffness (Kleg), and when accounted for as a covariate, greater Kleg in the DCD group with dynamic balance difficulties was found. A possible explanation is that for the DCD group with dynamic balance difficulties, the transition from joint flexion to extension during the countermovement was problematic, and resulted in excessive muscle co-activation. This study provides some possible directions for further investigations into coordination issues for DCD children. The time elapsed from peak VCOM to take-off and the shank angular velocities at take-off were identified as key indicators of a poorly coordinated jump.;High levels of Kleg reflected difficulties in the transition from joint flexion to extension during the countermovement in those DCD children with dynamic balance problems. Based on these key variables and others that differentiated between groups a more parsimonious conceptual framework is presented. For future enquiry, a more holistic approach for the study of children with such impairments is recommended. This includes exploring the environment these children are exposed to in order to gain a more thorough understanding of practice and learning effects. Understanding of differences in motor ability requires an expanded framework to include information on genetic and socio-cultural factors, and their impact upon important psychology, physical fitness, nutrition, body composition and physical activity parameters.
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Monteiro, e. Lima Margareth de Vasconcelos. "Eye-hand co-ordination in children with movement problems." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326711.
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Svensson, Elisabeth. "Hand function in children and in persons with neurological disorders : aspects of movement control and evaluation of measurements." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-22042.
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Elliott, Catherine. "Efficacy of lycra arm splints : an international classification of functioning disability and health approach." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0017.
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[Truncated abstract] This thesis consists of five experimental studies from seven data collection periods. The first two studies quantitatively analyse children with and without cerebral palsy using upper limb three dimensional (3D) motion analysis. Upper limb angular kinematics and sub-structures were measured and analysed, both of which were utilised during subsequent studies. The final three studies assess the efficacy of lycra® arm splints using clinical assessments, 3D dimensional upper limb kinematics and 3D sub-structures. Study 1 analysed 3D movement sub-structures in children with and without cerebral palsy ... The aim of the study was to quantitatively analyse movement sub-structures in children with and without cerebral palsy during four functional tasks taken from the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function (Melbourne Assessment - Randall, Johnson & Reddihough, 1999) ... Results demonstrated significant differences in angular kinematics in children with and without cerebral palsy, while the methodology developed in this study provided improved insight into the movement of the upper limb and trunk during functional tasks. Study 3 reported a randomised controlled trial of lycra® arm splints in children with cerebral palsy across all levels of the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) ... Lycra® arm splints were shown to have a statistically significant impact at the level of participation, whereas no significant difference was seen at the level of impairment and activity. Study 4 reported a randomised controlled trial of the effects of lycra® arm splints on 3D movement sub-structures during functional tasks in children with cerebral palsy ... This research demonstrated that movement sub-structures (including movement time) can be quantified and are amenable to change with intervention. Study 5 reported a randomised controlled trial of the effects of lycra® arm splints on angular kinematics (thorax, shoulder and elbow) during functional tasks in children with cerebral palsy ... The benefits of the splint on angular kinematics were only apparent when worn for the 3 month period, as minimum evidence was established for the short-term (1hour) and long term (3 month post splint wear) carry-over effects.
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Pabreja, Priya. "Exploring and identifying gross motor coordination deficits in children with dyslexia." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.07 Mb., 110 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1432287.
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Goodwin, Matthew S. "Telemetric assessment of stereotypical motor movements in children with autism spectrum disorder /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2008. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3314456.
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Stroebel, Suzanne. "The prevalence of postural deformities among children age 11 to 13 years in some Western Cape schools." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53147.
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Thesis (MScSportSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Postural deformities are a commonly encountered problem among children. Most of the aches and pains of adults are the result, not of injuries, but of the long-term effects of distortions in posture or alignment that have their origins in childhood or adolescence. Television, video entertainment, motorized transportation, fast food and lack of regular physical activity contribute to the poor physical condition of children. School screening for scoliosis is mandated in schools in 26 states of the United States (US) for children between 10 and 16 years of age. Previous studies conducted in the US found that 160 out of 1000 people suffer from scoliosis. This means that scoliosis is as prevalent as hypertension or diabetes mellitus (Boachie-Adjei & Lonner, 1996). Identification of postural deformities at an early stage makes early treatment possible, which may, in future, prevent serious postural abnormalities. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons approved the implementation of screening programs in schools in 1974 (Lonstein, 1988). Few studies have included the entire musculoskeletal system. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of postural deformities among children aged 11 to 13 years in selected primary schools in the Western Cape. The study also proposes to investigate factors that may influence the prevalence rate of postural deformities. These factors included age, gender, school district, weight, height, BMI (Body Mass Index), fat%, waist-hip ratio, and physical activity. Letters were sent to 15 primary schools within a 30km radius of Stellenbosch. This region included Stellenbosch, Strand, and Kuilsrivier. Four schools replied, giving permission to conduct the study at their schools. The sample (N=288, mean age=12.36, SD=0.92) consisted of 78 scholars from grade five; 104 scholars form grade six; and 106 scholars from grade seven. Of the total number of scholars examined (288), 154 were boys, and 134 were girls. Only children with parental consent were allowed to participate in the study. Anthropometric measures included stature, mass, skinfoids (two-site skinfoid), waist- and hip circumferences and trochanterion leg length. Level of physical activity and family history of deformities were obtained by means of a questionnaire. The New York Posture Test was used for postural evaluation (Bloomfield et aI., 1994:320; Reedeo Inc., 2001. This Posture Test was designed for the screening of 13 categories of deformities. Using a "see-through" posture grid, lateral and posterior examinations were performed. The "Adam's position" (forward bending) was used for further scoliosis evaluation. Quantitative data was analyzed, using Statistica (Statsoft, 2001) and classification tree methodology (Breiman et aI., 1993). The anthropometric results indicated that the subjects had a mean stature of 1.54m, mass of 47.48kg, BMI of 19.75, waist-hip ratio of 0.79 and fat% (Lohman, 1987) of 21.35%. The prevalence of postural deformities was as follows: Lordosis, 70%; Kyphosis, 57%; Uneven shoulders, 55%; Inclined trunk, 43%; Winged scapulae, 42%; Pronated feet, 30%; Flat feet, 30%; Flat chest, 29%; Forward head, 28%; Protruding abdomen, 28%; Uneven hips, 11%; Scoliosis, 10%; and Twisted head, 1%. Uneven hips, scoliosis and twisted head were not considered for statistical purposes, because of their low incidence compared to the other deformities. The factors that influenced the prevalence rate of deformities the most were BMI and fat%. A higher BMI and fat% resulted in a higher prevalence rate in most deformities. The prevalence rate of postural deformities in this study was considerably high. Sedentary lifestyles of children (watching television, computer games, junk food and physical inactivity) were a contributing factor in the high prevalence rate of postural deformities. It is known that overweight and sedentary behavior of children is increasing and this could pose an alarming concern to the health of a child. Also, if a significant correlation does exist between the prevalence of postural deformities and conditions such as back pain, the high prevalence rate reported in this study is a matter of concern.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Postuurafwykings is "n algemene probleem wat dikwels onder kinders voorkom. Baie van die skete en pyne by volwassenes spruit nie uit beserings nie, maar vanuit langtermyn gevolge van swak postuur wat huloorsprong uit die kinderjare het. Televisie, videospeletjies, vervoer per motor, kitskos en gebrek aan fisieke aktiwiteit dra by tot die swak fisieke kondisie van kinders. Evalueringsprogramme in skole word in 26 state in die Verenigde State van Amerika (VSA) toegepas vir kinders tussen die ouderdomme van 10 en 16 jaar. Vorige studies in die VSA het getoon dat 160 uit 1000 mense skoliose het (Boachie-Adjei & Lonner, 1996). Dit beteken dat skoliose net so veel voorkom soos hipertensie of diabetes mellitus. Identifikasie van postuurafwykings op "n vroeë stadium maak vroeë behandeling moontlik, wat in die toekoms ernstige postuurafwykings kan voorkom. Die "American Academy of Orthopedie Surgeons" het reeds in 1974 die implementering van assesseringsprogramme goedgekeur (Lonstein, 1988). Volgens navorsing het slegs "n beperkte aantal studies die hele spierskeletale stelsel geëvalueer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die voorkoms van postuurafwykings by kinders tussen die ouderdomme van 11 en 13 jaar in geselekteerde Wes-Kaapse skole te bepaal. Die studie het ook faktore wat "n invloed op die voorkoms van postuurafwykings kan hê, ingesluit. Hierdie faktore het onder andere ouderdom, geslag, skool, gewig, lengte, LMI (Liggaamsmassa-indeks), vet%, middel-heup-ratio en fisieke aktiwiteit ingesluit. Uitnodigingsbriewe is na 15 laerskole binne "n 30km radius vanaf Stellenbosch gestuur. Dit het ingesluit Stellenbosch, Strand, en Kuilsrivier. Vier skole het toestemming verleen om die studie by die betrokke skole te loods. Die steekproef (N=288, gemiddelde ouderdom = 12.36, SD=0.92) het bestaan uit 78 leerlinge uit graad vyf; 104 leerlinge uit graad ses en 106 leerlinge uit graad sewe. Uit die totale aantal leerlinge wat geëvalueer is, was daar 154 seuns en 134 dogters. Antropometriese metings het die volgende ingesluit: lengte, gewig, velvoue (twee-velvou meting), middel- en heupomtrekke en trochanterion beenlengte. Fisieke aktiwiteitsvlak en familiegeskiedenis van postuurafwykings is bepaal met behulp van "n vraelys. Die "New York Posture Tesf' is gebruik vir postuurevaluasie (Bloomfield et al., 1994:320; Reedco Inc., 2001). Hierdie toets is ontwerp vir die evaluering van 13 deformiteite. Die kinders is vanuit 'n posterior en anterior aansig ge-evalueer met behulp van 'n "deurskynende" postuurruitnet (grid). Die "Adam's-" toets (vooroorbuig-toets) is gebruik vir verdere evaluering van skoliose. Statistica (StatSoft, 2001) en klassifikasieboom-metodologie (Breiman et al., 1993) is gebruik vir statistiese ontleding. Die proefpersone het 'n gemiddelde lengte van 1.54m, gewig van 47.48kg, LMI van 19.75, middel-heup-ratio van 0.79 en vet% (Lohman, 1987) van 21.35% gehad. Die voorkoms van die onderskeie postuurafwykings was as volg: Lordose,70%; Kifose, 57%; Ongelyke skouers, 55%; Romp na posterior gebuig, 43%; Gevleuelde skapulas, 42%; Voetpronasie, 30%; Plat voete, 30%; Plat bors, 29%; Protraksie: skedel, 28%; Uitstaan buik, 28%; Ongelyke heupe, 11%; Skoliose, 10%; en Gekantelde hoof, 1%. Ongelyke heupe, skoliose en gekantelde hoof het minder voorgekom in vergelyking met die ander deformiteite, daarom is die deformiteite nie vir statistiese analise in aammerking gebring nie. LMI en vet% was die faktore wat die voorkoms van postuurafwykings die meeste beïnvloed het. 'n Hoër LMI en vet% het 'n toenemende voorkoms in meeste deformiteite veroorsaak. Die voorkoms van postuurafwyking in hierdie studie was hoog. Sedentêre leefwyses van kinders (TV, rekenaarspeletjies, gemorskos, en fisieke onaktiwiteit) het bygedra tot die hoë voorkoms. Die voorkoms van oorgewig en sedentêre leefwyses is besig om te verhoog by kinders en kan ernstige gevolge vir die gesondheid van die kind inhou. Indien daar 'n betekenisvolle korrelasie tussen die voorkoms van postuurafwykings en kondisies soos rugpyn is, dan blyk die hoë voorkoms, wat in hierdie studie gevind is, 'n bron van bekommernis te wees. Postuurevalueringsprogramme is 'n effektiewe metode vir die vroeë identifikasie van postuurafwykings, aangesien dit vroeë identifikasie en konserwatiewe behandeling moontlik maak.
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Hill, Catherine Lindsay. "Can the performance of activities of daily living questionnaire identify children with developmental coordination disorder?" University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0096.
Full textAbstract:
Currently a lack of guidelines for Criterion B of the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) hampers diagnosis of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The Performance of Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (PADL-Q; Dewey, Larkin & Summers, 2004) is a new parent-reported instrument developed to quantify the level of interference in activities of daily living (ADL) experienced by children with DCD and was tested for its efficacy in addressing Criterion B. Thirty-two children aged between 5 and 10 years comprising two matched groups, 16 with DCD (8 boys and 8 girls) and 16 without DCD (8 boys and 8 girls) participated in the study. The aim of the research was to investigate the ability of the PADL-Q to identify differences between children with and without DCD. A further 5 children, in the same age range, who did not have DCD added data that was used to ascertain relationships between the constituent assessments. All children were tested using the MAND (McCarron, 1982) whilst their parents completed the PADL-Q. A set of Tests of Activities of Daily Living (TADL) tasks were devised for the children to perform that further validated parents ratings of children?s ADL performance. A Group x Gender MANCOVA, controlled for age, of the PADL-Q total scores demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the children with and without DCD (F(3,25) = 9.44, p < .001; Wilks' lambda = 0.47). Follow-up univariate tests showed a Group x Gender interaction and simple main effects of this interaction indicated that the PADL-Q did not discriminate between the DCD and non-DCD boys. The ability of the PADL-Q to identify DCD was explored in the concurrent validity against the MAND when using a diagnostic cut-off point. The PADL-Q demonstrated 100% specificity and positive predictive values but only 19% sensitivity and 62% negative predictive values. There was a moderately strong relationship (r = .71), between the PADL-Q total score, considered a measure of Criterion B, and the MAND, a measure of Criterion A (DSMIV- TR, 2000). A two factor (Group x Gender) ANCOVA, controlled for age, of the TADL items revealed a statistically significant effect for DCD only (F(1,19) = 34.65, p < .001). There was a moderate correlation (r = -.64) between the PADL-Q total score and the TADL tasks, indicating that parent-reports are supported by their child?s performance. The PADL-Q appears to have potential as part of the DCD diagnostic process; however, further refinement on a larger sample is necessary before it can be used as an easily-administered guide to ADL performance levels in children.
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Callcott, Deborah. "The effect of a reflex replication program on retained primary reflexes, motor coordination, vocabulary, visual motor ability and rapid naming in preprimary aged children." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1565.
Full textAbstract:
The link between movement and cognition is not new, but remains steeped in controversy in the educational community. One of the reasons for this controversy has been the lack of substantial research that supports the link between movement programs and observable academic benefits. The results of recent research have indicated that the retention of primary reflexes, particularly the tonic neck reflexes in young children, can result in difficulties that affect the overall functioning of the child. The retainment of reflexes may lead to clumsiness, poor eye hand coordination, poor manipulative skills and consequently academic achievement may be compromised in some children (Sugden & Wright, 1998). This research is about determining the efficacy of Primary Movement program, a reflex replication program designed to reduce the effect of these inappropriately retained reflexes (McPhillips, Hepper & Mulhern, 2000). The research began by investigating the prevalence of retained Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), the cause of significant motor difficulties, in a sample of approximately 200 preprimary children in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia using the Schilder Neurological Test which is one of the standard neurological tests to determine the presence of this reflex (McPhillips, Hepper, & Mulhern, 2000; Morrison, 1985). EJaseline data was also established for all children in the following areas: motor skills (using Movement ABC Assessment Battery for Children (Henderson & Sugden, 1992); language skills (using Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Dunn & Dunn, 1997); and visual motor integration (using the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (Beery, 1989). Following the gathering of this data, an intervention based on the Primary Movement program was then conducted. The effect of the Primary Movement intervention was· compared on the above variables, to the results of a gross motor intervention and a free play intervention (control). As such this thesis investigates the efficacy of the Primary Movement program as an early intervention tool for preschool children in Australia displaying retained reflexes and associated issues such as motor difficulties, is evaluated.
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Krombach, Patricia A. "Effects of Stability Balls on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6107.
Full textAbstract:
Children with ASD often display behavior problems that can lead to daily academic and social disruptions. Many teachers and therapists have sought to create classroom interventions that improve the length of time a child stays seated and focused on the required task. This has led to the introduction of stability balls as an alternative seating method for children, both on the autism spectrum and with other needs. This study used a multiple baseline design and duration data to evaluate the effects of stability ball seating on attending and in-seat behavior for children with ASD who received ABA therapy in their homes. The intervention replaced their standard seating method with a stability ball. In the final phase participants chose their own seating method before beginning table work to assess preference. Following intervention the stability ball was found to increase both attending and in-seat durations for children with ASD.
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Norrlin, Simone. "Mobility, Sitting Posture and Reaching Movements in Children with Myelomeningocele." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3751.
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Patterson, Lawrence. "Restricted Repetitive Behaviours in Autism Spectrum Disorders : Do Repetitive Interests Influence Eye Movements of Children with Autism?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525699.
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Hill, Elisabeth Louise. "An investigation of the movement difficulties of children with developmental co-ordination disorder or specific language impairment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433100.
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Samaritter, Rosemarie. "Inside the mirror : effects of attuned dance-movement intervention on interpersonal engagement as observed in changes of movement patterns in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16572.
Full textAbstract:
The research presented in this thesis is an explorative study into the basic concepts and the effects of dance movement psychotherapy (DMP) intervention on the attunement behaviours of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). From a retrospective analysis of positively evaluated single cases of DMP with ASD participants, movement markers of interpersonal relating behaviours have been formulated in terms of Social Engagement and Attunement Movement (SEAM) behaviours. These were organised into an observation scale, and used subsequently to generate nominal observation data on the behaviours of a small sample of children with ASD. Evaluation with the SEAM observation scale yielded a significant increase of SEAM behaviours in the course of the dance therapy. Retrospective analysis of the actions of the therapist throughout four single cases of DMP with ASD participants yielded a specific approach that was described as Shared Movement Approach (SMA). SMA has been specified as an improvisation based method of DMP that takes the child's interpersonal attunement and engagement behaviours as cues for the therapist to accommodate her interventions, so that the child's interpersonal relating behaviours are facilitated and supported. Through her kinaesthetically informed interventions the DMP therapist contributes to an increase of interpersonal engagement and attunement by the ASD participant from within the shared movement actions. The SEAM observation scale was explored on conceptual clarity and consistency in a group of independent movement analysts, and interrater agreement was used as an indication of its contents validity. An interval rating procedure with the SEAM scale yielded the best results on interrater agreement as expressed in Cohen's kappa. The Shared Movement Approach and the SEAM observation scale were then tested for replication of outcome on SEAM behaviours within four repeated single subject cases in a pilot study in a Dutch outpatient clinical setting. The outcome monitoring yielded the replication of increase of interpersonal relating behaviours as measured with the SEAM observation scale. Within subject therapy outcomes, although diverse in their individual profiles, were found to be significant when analysed with non-parametric tests. Group averages showed a significant increase of SEAM behaviours. The effects beyond therapy were evaluated with the somatic and social sub-scales of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), showing individual differences and a significant problem reduction on average. The outcomes as experienced by the juvenile participants were evaluated with the somatic and social sub-scales of the Youth Self Report (YSR), which on average showed a significant decrease of experienced social and somatic problems. The results obtained are discussed in view of current theories on experiential approaches and concepts for psychotherapy with an ASD population.
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Höll, Tanya. "The effect of a water activity intervention programme on the motor proficiency levels of institutionalized children with Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome / Tanya Höll." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/248.
Full textAbstract:
Mental retardation is a heterogeneous group of disorders with countless causes. It is
characterised by cognitive and functional limitations in everyday skills, for example
social skills, communication skills and motor skills and can be classified in behavioural,
etiological and educational systems. Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome are
two of the many syndromes defined under mental retardation. The goal of this
dissertation was to determine the effect of a water activity intervention programme on the
motor proficiency levels of children with Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome. These aims were addressed by structuring the dissertation in five chapters:
Chapter one constituting the introduction and statement of the problem, Chapter 2
presenting a review of relevant literature, Chapters 3 and 4 consisting of two research
articles, addressing the specific aims of the study, and Chapter 5 including the summary,
conclusions and recommendations.
All the children who participated in the study were intuitionalized in a school for the
mentally and physically handicapped. The MABC-test was used as the main evaluation
instrument, and components of the Charlop-Atwell test were used to evaluate the
coordination skills of the children with Down's syndrome.
The first aim of this study was to determine the effect of a specially designed water
activity intervention programme on the motor proficiency levels of children with Down's
syndrome. Six children classified as having Down's syndrome, formed part of the
research group. Their chronological age ranged between 9 and 14 years while their
mental age classification was that of a 4 to 5 year old. The data was analysed by means
Summary
of descriptive statistics, and effect sizes were determined. The second aim of the study
was to determine the effect of a water activity intervention programme on the motor
proficiency levels of children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Six children participated in
the programme. Their chronological age ranged between 7 and 17 years while their
mental age classification was that of a 4 to 11 year old. Reporting the results were in the
form of case studies, and effect sizes of differences were determined.
With regard to the first aim of the study the results indicated that the motor proficiency
levels of the experimental group with Down's syndrome improved, especially regarding
the MABC-total, balance- and total body coordination skills.
With reference to the second aim of the study, the results indicated that improvement in
the motor proficiency levels of the children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome had a lasting
effect. The MABC total, ball skills and manual dexterity were the components that
showed the best improvement.
It can be concluded that a water activity intervention programme is a suitable method for
rectifying motor deficiencies among children with Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome.
Recommendations for the improvement of the water activity programme were presented,
as well as suggestions for further studies.Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Schneider, Katja Susanne Annika. "Electrophysiological biomarkers in genetic movement disorders." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15926/.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are diseases of the nervous system with progressive course leading to death. Treatment remains symptomatic. Development of neuroprotective agents has been hampered for various reasons. This includes the inability of making the diagnosis accurately early in the course and the lack of reliable disease progression markers which could be used in future treatment trials. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive and pain-free method for assessment of brain function. Methods: Here we evaluated TMS and its potential of serving as a reliable biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases with genetic cause. After clinical delineation of our patient cohorts with Huntington's chorea and young-onset Parkin-related Parkinsonism, we enrolled both patients as well as asymptomatic/presymptomatic gene-carriers. Patients, carriers and age-matched healthy controls were studied using TMS to establish an electrophysiological footprint of these conditions. Results: We found abnormalities in electrophysiological parameters which were present in manifesting patients and/or non-manifesting gene mutation carriers. In HD, both presymptomatic and early manifest patients had increased resting and active motor cortex thresholds. Short afferent inhibition (SAI), a measure of sensory-motor integration, was reduced in manifesting patients only. SAI changes were inversely correlated with clinical parameters like predicted years to onset and UHDRS motor score. Abnormalities in Parkin patients included prolonged central motor conduction time (CMCT), while thresholds and cortical inhibitory activity were normal. Asymptomatic carriers had increased motor thresholds and abnormal inhibitory measures (SICI recruitment) while CMCT was normal. Conclusion: We conclude that TMS may be a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative genetic diseases: 1) to detect changes early in the disease course and to monitor disease progression; 2) to help differentiating between clinically similar diseases on the basis of certain electrophysiological patterns; and 3) to give insight into underlying mechanisms of the disorders studied. Our findings suggest the potential for future research.
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Parees, Moreno I. "Pathophysiology of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1466184/.
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This thesis describes a series of studies involving healthy subjects, carefully selected patients with functional movement disorders and organic movement disorders, in which different aspect of the mechanism underlying functional movement disorders were explored: 1. The presence of physical precipitating factors at onset of functional movement disorder by using semistructured interviews. I found that most patients with functional movement disorder have a clear physical event prior to the onset of functional symptoms. 2. The presence of a “jumping to conclusions” reasoning style that may predispose patients with functional movement disorder to accept new hypothesis on the basis of less evidence. They requested less evidence that healthy controls to make a judgement, which is here suggested to influence the manner in which they process novel sensory data occurring during triggering events. 3. The role of attention in symptoms production by using different motor tasks in which the predictability of movements as well as the effect of explicit and implicit strategies in motor control were manipulated. Motor impairment in patients with functional movement disorder was found to be related to the employment of explicit strategies or when pre-planning movements is possible. 4. The intensity and duration of tremor in patients with functional tremor in a real life situation using accelerometers. They were found to fail to perceive 6 that tremor is not present most of the time compared with patients with organic tremor. 5. Finally, I explored the phenomenon of the sensory attenuation using a force-matching task as a measure of sense of agency for movement in these patients. Patients with functional movement disorders have an abnormal sensory attenuation for movement, which may help to explain the lack of agency for the abnormal movement. These results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying functional movement disorders and by extension, other functional neurological symptoms, and demonstrate that they are amenable to neuroscientific study.
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Lorentzos, Michelle Sarah. "The Psychiatry of Paediatric Movement Disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20602.
Full textAbstract:
I compared the rate of psychiatric comorbidity in children with Non-tic movement disorders to children with tics and TS. In addition, this PhD explores whether children with Non-tic movement disorders have elevated rates of psychiatry compared to other hospital populations, including Emergency patients and other Neurology patients, as well as a healthy community control group. My hypothesis was that children with Non-tic movement disorders would have rates of psychiatric comorbidities that are similar to children with tics and TS.To examine this hypothesis, I recruited children between the ages of 5 and 16 years from Neurology clinics at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Australia, and Great Ormond Street Hospital, United Kingdom, for the following two movement disorder groups: tic movement disorder cohort (consisting of patients with tics and Tourette Syndrome, n=158) and Non-tic movement disorder cohort, (consisting of patients with all other movement disorders, n=102). An additional 137 patients were recruited for two clinical control groups: the Emergency department control cohort (n=100) and the Neurology control cohort including children with peripheral neuropathy or epilepsy (n=37). In addition, data from 10,438 British children were included as a retrospective community control. All patients were screened for psychiatric comorbidities using the Development and Wellbeing Assessment Tool (DAWBA). My primary outcome was that the difference in the rate of psychiatric comorbidity in the Non-tic cohort (39.2%) and the Tic cohort (41.8%) was not statically significant. Importantly, the rate of psychiatric comorbidity in the Non-tic cohort was more than four times the rate of psychiatric diagnosis observed in the large retrospective community cohort (9.5%) (p<0.00001). This is the largest study to date exploring psychiatry in children with paediatric dystonia (n=66) and psychiatric comorbidities occurred in 33.3% of these patients. In conclusion, this study recognises that children with non-tic movement disorders are just as vulnerable to psychiatric comorbidities as children with tics and TS. This new evidence may encourage clinicians to consider screening for psychiatric comorbidities in their movement disorder patients, therefore allowing for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
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Sellami, Chiraz Bensaad. "The visual control of hand movements in children with and without developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501337.
Full textAbstract:
Children diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have problems in motor coordination that are severe enough to interfere with educational achievement and activities of daily living. The underlying cause of the disorder, however, is yet to be established. Studies on eye-hand coordination show that aimed limb movements depend critically on information obtained from the eyes. The studies carried out in this thesis investigated eye-hand coordination in groups of children both with and without DCD in order to assess whether or not children with DCD use gaze appropriately and coordinate their eye and limb movements in the same manner as typically developing children without the disorder: poor use of gaze may result in poor development of motor control. A series of prehension tasks were used ranging from a simple pick and place task to a more complex stacking task where children had to choose blocks from a range of distracter blocks and build models in a prescribed order. The results showed clear developmental trends in the typically developing group in visuo-manual control for these tasks. The results for children with DCD suggested that they have similar eye-hand coordination to age-matched typically developing control children on a simple pick and place task. When the task became more complex, however, children with DCD showed a pattern of results: in some cases the children with DCD looked further ahead and in other cases their eyes were more tied to their hands compared to the controls. It was proposed that both 'strategies' indicate an increased reliance on visual information and may be related to an impaired ability to program movements in children with DCD. From the findings in this thesis, it appears to be the case that the children with DCD a are less effficient than typically developing children at using on-line feedback to control their movements which leads to slower movement and deceleration times.
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Church, Andrew John. "Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in movement disorders." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444607/.
Full textAbstract:
Sydenham's chorea (SC) is a neurological manifestation following group A Streptococcus infection (GABHS) and has been proposed as an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. Other movement and psychiatric manifestations following GABHS have been recognised and termed Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections (PANDAS). It is proposed that PANDAS may be caused by the same antibody as SC. As the symptoms of PANDAS are identical to Tourette's syndrome (TS), the possibility that TS might turn out to be an autoimmune disorder has implications for the treatment and understanding of these disorders. Evidence of GABHS was found in all patients with SC and PANDAS and 60% of patients with TS. Autoantibodies against basal ganglia (ABGA) were found in all acute SC and PANDAS patients. Only 25% of TS patients were ABGA positive. There was little evidence for ABGA in controls. There was a higher prevalence of ABGA in systemic diseases associated with GABHS but this did not reach significance. ABGA bound to proteins with molecular weights (40, 45, 60 and 98 kDa) and these responses were variably found in SC, PANDAS and TS. The identification of these antigens proved to be problematic due to contamination with other proteins with the same molecular weights. Neurone specific enolase (NSE) was identified as one of the antigens. As this protein was not specific to basal ganglia it cast doubt as to the specificity of ABGA. Interestingly, however, enolase is also found on the surface of GABHS and has extensive homology with human enolase, thus lending support to the possibility of molecular mimicry derived autoimmunity.
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Valente, Enza Maria. "Movement disorders : a clinical and genetic study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405854.
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Kobylecki, Christopher. "Neural Mechanisms in Disorders of Abnormal Movement." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518892.
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Kumar, Kishore Raj. "Advances in genetic studies for movement disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12129.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: We investigated the genes causing Parkinson disease (PD), dystonia and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Methods: We performed Sanger sequencing of the GBA, VPS35, PRRT2 and GNAL genes. We sought to identify the cause of ‘hereditary whispering dysphonia’ (DYT4). We investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family with a complex neurological phenotype using next generation sequencing (NGS). We also used ‘targeted’ NGS to screen for a genetic diagnosis in patients with HSP. Results: The findings were as follows; i) GBA mutations were associated with increased susceptibility to PD in a Serbian sample, ii) a VPS35 mutation was identified in a patient with an ‘idiopathic’ PD phenotype, iii) a PRRT2 mutation was found to cause both paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and benign infantile seizures, iv) two patients with craniocervical dystonia had mutations in GNAL, v) TUBB4 was identified as the DYT4 gene, vi), an OPA3 mutation was identified in the Pakistani family using a process known as ‘reverse phenotyping’, and vii) we demonstrated that targeted NGS can be a useful diagnostic strategy in HSP. Conclusion: We determined the mutation frequency and clinical phenotype in recently identified movement disorder genes, and showed that NGS has an important role for both gene discovery and clinical diagnosis.
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Kalantari-Darani, Mehrdad. "Conduct disorders in preschool children." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241820.
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Boggs, Teresa. "Eating Disorders in Young Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1507.
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Elangovan, Saravanan. "Auditory Processing Disorders in Children." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1577.
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Weeks, Robert Anthony. "Positron emission tomographic studies in hyperkinetic movement disorders." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368073.
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Seiß, Ellen. "Neurophysiological investigations of sensorimotor function in movement disorders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422330.
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Jarman, Paul Richard. "A molecular genetic study of inherited movement disorders." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325154.
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Warner, Thomas Treharne. "A molecular genetic study of inherited movement disorders." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285185.
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Vasylieva, N. V. "Psychogenic movement disorders: comprehensive review of the literature." Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19736.
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Hall, Deborah A. "Prevalence of FMR1 repeat expansions in movement disorders /." Connect to abstract via ProQuest. Full text is not available online, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1545571851&sid=1&Fmt=6&clientId=18952&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Clinical Science) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-67). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Ylönen, S. (Susanna). "Genetic risk factors for movement disorders in Finland." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223988.
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Abstract Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease are progressive neurodegenerative movement disorders that typically manifest in adulthood. In this study, genetic risk factors contributing to these two movement disorders were investigated in Finnish patients. Patients with early-onset or late-onset Parkinson’s disease as well as population controls were examined. The p.L444P mutation in GBA was found to contribute to the risk of Parkinson’s disease. POLG1 compound heterozygous mutations were detected in two patients with Parkinson’s disease and rare length variants in POLG1 were associated with Parkinson’s disease. Variants in SMPD1, LRRK2 or CHCHD10, previously detected in other populations, were not detected, suggesting that they are rare or even absent in the Finnish population. Patients with Huntington’s disease were investigated for HTT gene haplotypes as well as whether these haplotypes alter the stability of the elongated CAG repeat. Haplogroup A was less common in Finns than in other European populations, whereas it was significantly more common in patients with Huntington’s disease than in the general population. Certain HTT haplotypes as well as the parental gender were found to affect the repeat instability. We found that compound heterozygous mutations in POLG1 were causative of Parkinson’s disease, rare length variants in POLG1 were associated with Parkinson’s disease and GBA p.L444P was significantly more frequent in patients than in the controls, which suggests that these mutations are associated with the development of Parkinson’s disease. The low prevalence of Huntington’s disease in Finland correlates with the low frequency of the disease-associated HTT haplogroup A. Paternal inheritance combined with haplotype A1 increased the risk of repeat expansion. Movement disorders in Finland were found to share some of the same genetic risk factors found in other European populations, but some other recognized genetic variants could not be detectedTiivistelmä Parkinsonin tauti ja Huntingtonin tauti ovat hermostoa rappeuttavia eteneviä liikehäiriösairauksia, jotka tyypillisesti ilmenevät aikuisiällä. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin näiden kahden liikehäiriösairauden geneettisiä riskitekijöitä suomalaisilla potilailla. Tutkimme potilaita, joilla oli varhain alkava Parkinsonin tauti tai myöhään alkava Parkinsonin tauti sekä väestökontrolleja. GBA-geenin p.L444P mutaation havaittiin lisäävän Parkinsonin taudin riskiä. Kaksi Parkinsonin tautia sairastavaa potilasta oli yhdistelmäheterotsygootteja haitallisten POLG1-geenin varianttien suhteen ja harvinaiset POLG1 CAG toistojaksovariantit assosioituivat Parkinsonin tautiin. Tutkittuja variantteja SMPD1-, LRRK2- ja CHCHD10-geeneissä ei löydetty tästä aineistosta lainkaan, mikä viittaa siihen, että ne puuttuvat suomalaisesta väestöstä tai ovat harvinaisia. Huntingtonin tautia sairastavilta potilailta tutkittiin HTT-geenin haploryhmiä ja niiden vaikutusta Huntingtonin tautia aiheuttavan pidentyneen toistojakson epästabiiliuteen. Haploryhmä A oli suomalaisessa väestössä harvinainen verrattuna eurooppalaiseen väestöön ja se oli huomattavasti yleisempi Huntingtonin tautipotilailla kuin väestössä. Toistojakson epästabiiliuteen vaikuttivat tietyt HTT-geenin haplotyypit samoin kuin sen vanhemman sukupuoli, jolta pidentynyt toistojakso periytyy. POLG1 yhdistelmäheterotsygoottien katsottiin aiheuttavat Parkinsonin tautia ja harvinaisten POLG1 CAG toistojaksovarianttien todettiin assosioituvan Parkinsonin tautiin Suomessa. GBA p.L444P mutaatio merkittävästi yleisempi Parkinsonin tautipotilailla kuin kontrolleilla, mikä viittaa siihen, että se on Parkinsonin taudin riskitekijä. Huntingtonin tautiin assosioituvan haploryhmä A:n matala frekvenssi selittää taudin vähäistä esiintyvyyttä Suomessa. Paternaalinen periytyminen ja haplotyyppi A1 lisäsivät HTT-geenin toistojakson pidentymisen riskiä. Liikehäiriösairauksilla todettiin Suomessa osittain samanlaisia riskitekijöitä kuin muualla Euroopassa, mutta kaikkia tutkittuja variantteja emme havainneet
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PISANÒ, CLARISSA ANNA. "Therapeutic potential of RGS4 blockade in movement disorders." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2478812.
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Le proteine regolatrici del signaling delle proteine G (RGS - Regulators of G-protein signaling) sono una classe di regolatori che modula negativamente i pathway intracellulari innescati dalle proteine G.
Le RGS legano la subunità Gα del trimero proteina G e accelerano la velocità di idrolisi del GTP, spegnendo il segnale del GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor). Usare le RGS come target terapeutico può significare potenziare l’attività di agonisti endogeni o esogeni, incrementandone selettività o tessuto-specificità. RGS4 è la proteina RGS più studiata ed è principalmente espressa in aree cerebrali come corteccia e gangli della base (BG). È stato dimostrato il coinvolgimento di RGS4 in diverse patologie come schizofrenia, malattia di Parkinson (MP) e discinesie indotte da L-Dopa (LID - L-Dopa induced dyskinesia). La presente tesi amplia queste conoscenze, mostrando evidenze sperimentali sul ruolo di RGS4 nel parkinsonismo indotto da neurolettici (Studio I) e sull’interazione di RGS4 e il recettore NOP fornendo un nuovo approccio terapeutico per le LID (Studio II). Nello Studio I, è stata investigata l’abilità di due inibitori di RGS4 di invertire l’acinesia indotta da raclopride, un neurolettico. Grazie alla tecnica della microdialisi, è stato possibile monitorare il rilascio di glutammato nella sostanza nera parte reticolata, al fine di verificare l’impatto dei composti sull’attività della via indiretta. Successivamente, è stato analizzato l’effetto dell’inibizione di RGS4 sul signaling D2, attraverso l’analisi di specifici marker molecolari. Infine, è stato condotto uno studio preliminare allo scopo di identificare il GPCR, modulato da RGS4, che media l’effetto anti-acinetico degli inibitori di RGS4. Inizialmente, abbiamo proposto il recettore glutamatergico mGlu5 come possibile target. Questo studio ha messo in luce che gli inibitori di RGS4 attenuano il NIP (neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism), agendo a livello striatale per ridurre la disinibizione della via indiretta mediata dall’azione del neurolettico. A livello striatale, l’inibizione di RGS4 comporta un aumento dell’attivazione della cascata delle MAPK indotta dal neurolettico. Nello Studio II, si è cercato di allargare la finestra terapeutica di un agonista NOP attraverso l’interazione RGS4-recettore NOP. In primo luogo, l’interazione di RGS4 con il recettore NOP è stata dimostrata in un modello cellulare e confermata in fettine di striato. Come readout biochimico dell’attività NOP, è stata usata l’inibizione dell’accumulo di cAMP nelle cellule e dell’aumento di neuroni pERK- positivi nelle fettine, stimolati da agonista D1. L'impatto dell'inibitore RGS4, CCG-203920, sull'effetto antidiscinetico dell'agonista del recettore della Nocicettina/orfanina FQ (N/OFQ), AT-403, è stato quindi valutato in un modello di ratto di LID. È stata valutata la capacità di CCG-203920 di potenziare l'effetto antidiscinetico rispetto all'effetto sedativo di AT-403. Al fine di indagare l'impatto di CCG-2003920 sulle vie molecolari alla base delle LID, grazie alla tecnica del Western blot, è stato possibile analizzare i livelli di pERK e pGluR1. Con la stessa tecnica, sono stati monitorati i livelli di RGS4 nello striato a seguito della deplezione di dopamina e del trattamento cronico con L-Dopa. I principali risultati dello Studio II sono stati la dimostrazione che RGS4 modula negativamente la funzione del recettore NOP e che l'inibizione dell'RGS4 potenzia l'effetto antidiscinetico dell'agonista del recettore NOP, senza amplificarne gli effetti sedativi. Infine, i nostri risultati suggeriscono che l'inibizione di RGS4 potrebbe anche essere utile per annullare la sovraespressione di RGS4 nello striato che si verifica durante l'espressione delle LID. Entrambi gli studi hanno confermato il coinvolgimento di RGS4 nelle disfunzioni dei GB e il potenziale terapeutico degli inibitori di RGS4 nel trattamento del NIP e della LID.Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) are a class of protein which negatively modulate the intracellular pathways evoked by G-proteins. RGS proteins bind the Gα subunit of the heterotrimer G-protein and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP, turning the GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor) signal off. Targeting an RGS protein could potentiate the activity of an endogenous or exogenous agonist, improving its selectivity or tissue-specificity. RGS4 is the most studied among RGS proteins. It is mostly expressed in brain areas, such as cortex and basal ganglia (BG). The involvement of RGS4 in various pathological conditions, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease (PD) and L-Dopa induced dyskinesia (LID) has been proven. This thesis adds to these findings, providing evidence of an involvement of RGS4 in neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism (Study I) and disclosing for the first time an RGS4-NOP receptor interaction which can be targeted in LID therapy (Study II). In Study I, the ability of two RGS4 inhibitors in reversing raclopride-induced akinesia was investigated. Dual probe microdialysis was used to monitor in vivo glutamate release in the substantia nigra reticulata to assess whether these inhibitors impact the activity of the indirect pathway and to identify their site of action. Biochemical signatures of D2 signalling pathway activation following RGS4 inhibition were studied. A preliminary attempt to identify the GPCR targeted by RGS4 was made by challenging RGS4 inhibitors with an mGlu5 receptor antagonist. The main findings were that both RGS inhibitors attenuate neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, acting at the striatal and nigral levels to attenuate the neuroleptic-induced disinhibition of the indirect pathway. At the striatal level, RGS4 inhibition potentiated the neuroleptic-induced activation of MAPK pathway and did not involve mGlu5 receptors. LID is a cluster of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), caused by chronic administration of L-Dopa, which represent the most disabling complication of dopamine replacement therapy of PD. In Study II, an attempt was made to widen the therapeutic window of a NOP receptor agonist by leveraging the RGS4-NOP receptor interaction. The interaction of RGS4 with the NOP receptor was first demonstrated in a cell model, then in striatal slices. Biochemical readouts of NOP activity were the D1 receptor-stimulated cAMP accumulation in cell lines, and the D1 receptor-stimulated number of pERK-positive neurons in slices. The impact of the RGS4 inhibitor CCG-203920 on the antidyskinetic effect of the Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) opioid peptide (NOP) receptor agonist AT-403 was then evaluated in a rat model of LID. The ability of CCG-203920 to potentiate the antidyskinetic effect relative to the sedative effect of AT-403 was assessed, and the interference of CCG-2003920 with the molecular pathways underlying LID was evaluated using Western analysis of pERK and pGluR1 levels. Finally, Western analysis was also used to monitor levels of RGS4 in the striatum following dopamine-depletion and chronic L-Dopa treatment. The main findings of Study II were the demonstration that RGS4 negatively modulates NOP receptor function, and that RGS4 inhibition potentiates the antidyskinetic effect of the NOP receptor agonist without amplifying its sedative effects. RGS4 inhibition might also be useful to correct the upregulation of RGS4 levels in striatum occurring during dyskinesia expression. In conclusion, these studies confirmed the involvement of RGS4 in basal ganglia dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of RGS4 inhibitors for treating neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and LID. Targeting signaling molecules downstream of GPCRs, i.e. RGS proteins, can prove a novel tool to improve drug safety and clinical profile.
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Ng, Kwok-keung Daniel. "Sleep related breathing disorders in children /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36223724.
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Ng, Kwok-keung Daniel, and 吳國強. "Sleep related breathing disorders in children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007688.
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McClean, Patricia. "Studies into diarrhoeal disorders in children." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335969.
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Trickett, Jayne K. "Sleep in children with neurodevelopmental disorders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8328/.
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Profiles of sleep disturbance and sleep quality of children with the specific neurodevelopmental disorders of Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), Angelman syndrome (AS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and the relationships between behavioural and health characteristics, age and sleep were described in these groups. Interview data demonstrated that children with AS's sleep disturbance had a negative impact on both parents and children. A homogeneous sleep disturbance profile of severe night waking and early morning waking affected over 70% of children with SMS but more heterogeneous profiles were found for children with AS, TSC and ASD using cross-group questionnaire data comparisons and when compared to typically developing (TD) children. A heightened risk of sleep-related breathing disorders was identified for children with AS and SMS. Compared to TD children, children with SMS had significantly earlier morning wake times and children with AS and SMS had significantly earlier bedtimes according to actigraphy and sleep diary data. Increased daytime sleepiness in children with SMS was associated with increased overactivity and impulsivity. This thesis includes the largest samples of actigraphy data for children with SMS and AS to date. The importance of aetiology of intellectual disability in the profiling of sleep disturbance was evidenced. Areas for further assessment and intervention include sleep-related breathing disorders for children with AS and SMS and individualized assessment of circadian rhythm disorders for both groups.
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Dotson, Deborah, Michelle Johnson, and Christy Isbell. "Treating Children With Sensory Processing Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8281.
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Wolff, Anne-Lise. "A kinematic investigation of oculomotor and skeletomotor performance in schizotypy /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85104.
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Although heritability estimates of schizophrenia are high, studies attempting to identify specific genes for schizophrenia have been only modestly successful. Strategies to improve the power of genetic studies include the creation of homogeneous subtypes of schizophrenia based on symptom presentation, and the identification of behavioural abnormalities that reflect the presence of genes for schizophrenia ("behavioural markers of risk") even in the absence of the full clinical disorder. Oculomotor abnormalities are one of the most well-documented markers of risk. It is not known whether abnormalities in motor control are specific to the oculomotor system or whether they are found as well in other domains such as skeletomotor control. It is also not known whether different types of schizophrenia-related symptoms, which presumably have distinct neural bases, are associated with different behavioural abnormalities.This thesis investigates oculomotor and skeletomotor function in clinically unaffected individuals who are at elevated risk for schizophrenia based on their scores on either a positive-symptom schizotypy questionnaire (Perceptual Aberration Scale) (n = 21) or a negative-symptom schizotypy questionnaire (Physical Anhedonia) (n = 20), and in Controls (n = 29).
In Manuscript 1, we review the evidence suggesting that skeletomotor deficits are present in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia patients and high-risk populations. The review supports the notion of skeletomotor dysfunction in these groups and underscores the lack of studies using instrumentation to characterize the deficits. In Manuscript 2, we compare the oculomotor performance of positive-symptom and negative-symptom schizotypes to that of controls. Results suggest that smooth pursuit deficits identify high-risk individuals with either positive or negative symptomatology, while antisaccade deficits identify primarily individuals with positive symptoms. In Manuscript 3, we use high-speed instrumentation and kinematic measures to evaluate skeletomotor function, and to assess the relationship between oculomotor and skeletomotor deficits in positive and negative-symptom schizotypes. This study revealed differential patterns of skeletomotor deficits in positive- and negative-symptom schizotypy, with both patterns suggestive of frontal-striatal dysfunction. In general, oculomotor and skeletomotor deficits were not associated.
Together these results support the notion of motor deficits across domains in risk for schizophrenia. In addition, they highlight the importance of distinguishing between positive and negative symptomatology when investigating the pathophysiology of risk for schizophrenia.
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Frischer, Martin. "Disorders of repetitive movement and bilateral coordination in Parkinsonism." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23906.
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