Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mouvement brownien – Simulation par ordinateur'
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Millan, Elodie. "Simulations numériques du mouvement brownien confiné." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0058.
Full textBrownian motion is the erratic movement of microscopic particles immersed in a fluid due to the thermal agitation of the surrounding fluid molecules. It is possible to describe the Brownian motion using Langevin’s equation. However, close to a wall, a particle moves more slowly because of the hydrodynamic no-slip condition at the wall. As a result, the particle’s mobilities and diffusion coefficients, both parallel and perpendicular to the wall, are locally impacted by the confinement and lead to the emergence of a so-called multiplicative noise. Consequently, when confined, Brownian motion is no longer Gaussian. Besides, the latter effect is difficult to observe at all time. During my thesis, I developed numerical simulations, optimized to study efficiently, on broad spatial and temporal windows, Brownian motion confined between rigid walls. In this manuscript, I present in detail the algorithm and the set of optimisation methods for reducing the computation time. I also present the methods for analysing Brownian motion and apply them to the confined case in order to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the non-Gaussian features of the displacements of a Brownian particle. This work has rendered possible to confirm the theoretical predictions, in particular at long times, which are inaccessible experimentally
Babu, Sujin Nicolai Taco Gimel Jean-Christophe. "Propriétés statiques et dynamiques de sphères dures attractives étude par simulation numérique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1001.pdf.
Full textBabu, Sujin. "Propriétés statiques et dynamiques de sphères dures attractives : étude par simulation numérique." Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1001.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of the structure and the dynamics of attractive spheres. For this purpose a new simulation technique called the Brownian cluster dynamics (BCD) was introduced. With BCD we can relax the system by cooperative cluster relaxation and can also study the effect of bond rigidity. The method was compared with Event Driven Brownian Dynamic simulations which gave the same static and dynamic properties. Using zero interaction range we were able to suppress phase separation and thereby to study the slow dynamics of strongly attracting spheres. The results disproves the existence of so-called attractive glasses proposed in the literature. By introducing rigid bonds we suppressed crystallization for short range interaction which allowed us to study the kinetics of phase separation and more specifically the inter play between phase separation and gelation. As we distribute bonds between nearest neighbors we were able to trace out two kinds of percolation lines as a function of volume fraction and interaction strength : the bond percolation and the contact percolation. We also studied the effect of flexibility of bonds on irreversible aggregation. Even though the structures created by flexibly bonded diffusion limited cluster aggregation were locally quite dense they showed fractal behavior at large length scales. Tracer diffusion was studied in gels formed by irreversible aggregation of hard spheres. It was found that the diffusion coefficient is determined by the accessible volume, i. E. The volume available to the centre of mass of the tracer. We put forward a phenomenological equation connecting the diffusion coefficient and the accessible valid for different gel structures and tracer sizes
Peng, Qidi. "Inférence statistique pour des processus multifractionnaires cachés dans un cadre de modèles à volatilité stochastique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10049/document.
Full textThe paradigmatic example of a multifractional stochastic process is multifractional Brownian motion (mBm). This fractal Gaussian process with continuous nowhere differentiable trajectories is a natural extension of the well-known fractional Brownian motion (fBm). FBm was introduced a longtime ago by Kolmogorov and later it has been made « popular» by Mandelbrot; in several outstanding works, the latter author has emphasized the fact that this model is of a great importance in various applied areas. Regarding mBm, it was introduced, more than fifteen years ago, by Benassi, Jaffard, Lévy Véhel, Peltier and Roux. Roughly speaking, it is obtained by replacing the constant Hurst parameter of fBm by a smooth function H(t) which depends on the time variable t. Therefore, in contrast with fBm, theincrements of mBm are non stationary and the local roughness of its trajectories (usually measured through the pointwise Hölder exponent) is allowed to significantly evolve over time; in fact, at each time t, the pointwise Hölder exponent of mBm is equal to H(t). It is worth noticing that the latter property makes this process more flexible than fBm; thanks to it, mBm has now become a useful model in the area of signal and image processing, aswell as in other areas such as finance. Since at least one decade, several authors have been interested in statistical inference problems connected with mBm and other multifractional processes/fields; their motivations have both applied and theoretical aspects. Among those problems, an important one is the estimation of H(t), the pointwise Hölder exponent at an arbitrary time t. In the solutions of such issues, the generalized quadratic variation method, which was first introduced by Istas and Lang in a setting of stationary increments processes, usually plays a crucial role. This method allows to construct asymptotically normal estimators starting from quadratic means of generalized increments of a process observed on a grid. So far, to our knowledge, in the statistical literature concerning mBm, it has been assumed that, the observation of the true values of this process on a grid, is available; yet, such an assumption does not always seem to be realistic. The main goal of the thesis is to study statistical inference problems related to mBm, when only a corrupted version of it, can be observed on a regular grid. This corrupted version is given by a class of stochastic volatility models whose definition is inspired by some Gloter and Hoffmann’s earlier works; last, notice that thanks to Itô formula this statistical setting can be viewed as the classical setting: « signal+noise »
Diener, Julien. "Acquisition et génération du mouvement de plantes." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0080.
Full textThe primary goal of my Ph. D. Has been to develop innovative animation techniques for virtual plants. Two main approaches have been explored: the reproduction real motion and real-time simulation. First, I have mixed vision algorithms and user interface in order to extract reliable motion data from videos. An innovative method has then been designed to estimate a valid hierarchical structure of branches using statistical study which is used to retarget the video movement on a wide range of virtual plants. Second, I have developed new animation method that computes the response of plants to interactively controllable wind. The main contribution has been to show that simple approximations of the wind load model leads to a drastic reduction of the run-time computations. The simulation algorithm takes full advantage of the parallel processing capabilities of computer graphics cards allowing the animation of thousand trees in real-time
Multon, Franck. "Analyse, modélisation et simulation du mouvement humain." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.irisa.fr/centredoc/publisHDRirisafolder.2006-06-01.0400865959/irisapublication.2007-02-09.5137418245.
Full textEvrard, Matthieu. "MIMESIS, un environnement de conception et de simulation de modèles physiques particulaires masses - interactions CORDIS - ANIMA pour l'animation : du mouvement généré à l'image du mouvement." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0073.
Full textThis thesis deals with the design of a computer framework dedicaced to animation by the physical mass-interaction CORDIS-ANIMA networks. Genericity and modularity of CORDIS-ANIMA having been still largely proved, the design and the implementation of such framework have to face with other theorical and practical problems that are discussed here in order to include every function that are required for an interactive creation of models and the communication inside a global chain of production of animated pictures. This thesis ends on the report of various situation of use in pedagogical, research and creation contexts
Multon, Franck. "Analyse, Modélisation et Simulation du Mouvement Humain." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441143.
Full textBoubeker, Rabia. "La formation des structures équiaxes : mouvement des grains, croissance-refusion, conséquences sur les macroségrégations." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_BOUBEKER_R.pdf.
Full textIn order to improve the predictions ofheterogeneitiesof composition observed on steel ingots at the end of solidification, a numerical study which takes into account the movement and the growth of equiaxed grains has been realized. After a bibliographic part related to the formation of the equiaxed grains, a diphasic approach has been adopted to describe the growth and the remelting of globular grains moving in the liquid bulk. This numerical study was implemented in the computer code SOLill. The movement of the grains has been described in a first part with the assumption that the grains move at the same speed than that of the liquid phase. The results obtained. " showed the influence of the movement and growth-remelting of the grains on solidification, especially in the evolution of the superheated zones. Then, we have taken into account the own movement of the grains which differs from that of the liquid phase. Ln this case, a solid fraction of coherence beyond which grains are imposed to be fixed has been introduced. This study showed that the final macrosegregation is strongly dependent on this fraction of coherency and on the flux density of fragments. Finally, we have demonstrated that it was possible to adjust the input data of the model in order to get a good agreement between the numerical and the experimental results
Coppin, Olivier. "Modélisation et simulation du mouvement naturel humain : validation expérimentale et application au bras." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0237.
Full textHamonier, Julien. "Analyse par ondelettes du mouvement multifractionnaire stable linéaire." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00753510.
Full textMarzani, Franck. "Contribution à l'analyse et au suivi du mouvement humain sans marqueur." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS008.
Full textLeclercq, Edouard. "Vision artificielle par modules bio-fondés spécifiques : forme et mouvement." Le Havre, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEHA0001.
Full textGareau, Alain. "Utilisation des systèmes de particules pour la simulation de phénomènes naturels : présentation d'une architecture permettant l'intégration de systèmes animés hétérogènes." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10089.
Full textChateauroux, Élodie. "Analyse du mouvement d'accessibilité au poste de conduite d'une automobile en vue de la simulation : cas particulier des personnes âgées." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0037/these.pdf.
Full textThis study takes place in the context of Digital Human models used to test the ergonomics of environments such as automotives in the earliest stages of the design process. Yet, these tools do not take into account the aging of the population. The car ingress and egress motions are particularly problematic for seniors. This thesis aims at analysing car accessibly movements of elderly people in order to 1/ better understand their difficulties and 2/ simulate these motions using a digital human model. Eighteen elderly and 7 young subjects participated in the experiment. Ingress and egress motions were captured for four types of vehicle and discomfort ratings were collected by a questionnaire. As age effects differ from one person to another, the functional capacities were measured using clinical tests to draw a portrait of the abilities of each elderly subject. Results of these tests are used to define 3 groups of people: those who have a functional problem, those with “mediocre” capacities and those who have good capacities. Ingress and egress motions are analysed through the interaction between the subject and the environment in order to define the constraints linked to vehicle design. Two major strategies have been observed for the ingress and egress movements. The strategies “Sit First” and “Two Legs Out” are used by people with functional problems. The strategies “Right Leg First” and “Left Leg First” are the most observed ingress and egress strategies, regardless of functional capacities. These movements are decomposed into phases for which sub-strategies are defined. The interactions between the hands and the environmental seem to play an important role. Compensation mechanisms are observed in the movements of persons with functional problems. The discomfort questionnaires show that elderly subjects face more problems when exiting than when entering a car. Discomfort ratings are influenced by the functional abilities of subjects but the results are very heterogeneous. An explanation would be that these ratings also reflect the preferences of subjects in terms of car accessibility. An external examiner would then better assess the difficulties of elderly people. The captured movements are structured in databases in order to simulate the accessibility movements of elderly using the RPx software
Gagnon, Louis. "Calcul de la résistance aérodynamique d'un véhicule muni de pièces en mouvement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27288/27288.pdf.
Full textAwad, Charly. "Indexing and querying motion databases for animation of virtual humanoids." Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS221.
Full textOver the past decade, motion capture data has been used in many fields (for instance in computer graphics, robotics, biomechanics and medicine), leading to an exponential growth in the size of motion databases. Therefore, indexing and retrieving motion capture data has become an important task for the accessibility and usability of such databases. The main goal of this thesis is to index and store motion files in a database in a way that facilitates data retrieval for animation purposes. Two main challenges arise therein: motion indexation, and motion retrieval and synthesis. We thus propose a system that combines an indexation process, and a retrieval process used in the synthesis process to produce real-time animations of virtual characters. In the indexation process, we create two different databases from the different information found in the motion data: one containing low level information and one containing high level information. We serialize raw data from motion files that we store in the raw database. In addition, we create semantic annotations of these motion files through a manual temporal segmentation process; these annotations are stored in a different database, the semantic database. To retrieve motion, we present two retrieval methods: a semantic-based one, and a signal-based one. Finally, we synthesize new motion by concatenating motion chunks retrieved from the database. We validate our approach by applying it to two different classes of motion data: sport action motion, and communication gesture motion. Furthermore, we show the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed system, as well as its ability to generate new motion sequences
Fusco, Nicolas Delamarche Paul Cretual Armel. "Analyse, modélisation et simulation de la marche pathologique." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293627/fr.
Full textPettré, Julien. "Planification de mouvements de marche pour acteurs digitaux." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30200.
Full textLamouret, Alexis. "Animation par modèles générateurs : controle du mouvement." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10095.
Full textAit, El Menceur Mohand Ouidir. "Modélisation, analyse et simulation du mouvement d'entrée dans des véhicules automobiles à géométrie variable : application aux mouvements d'entrée des personnes âgées et/ou ayant des déficiences motrices." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9af8c69a-6673-4f19-a631-11a69e374902.
Full textThe difficulty from which suffer elderly and/or disabled people when entering or exiting an automobile vehicle can lead them to never use it again. The car manufacturers are conscious of this fact and they are more and more interested in these growing elderly and/or disabled populations prone to locomotor apparatus disorders and in this complex gesture requiring a precise coordination of the human body articular movements. An alternative to understand and predict this movement is to use the digital simulation. Works completed in this thesis fall under this context and concern the kinematic simulation of the vehicle entering movement of a humanoid (constituted of a head, a trunk, a basin and lower limbs) in variably-dimensioned vehicles by using real data resulting from the experimentation. To solve this "complex" problem, we propose a three stage methodological procedure. A first stage carries on the constitution of a base of movements that we name "exploitable" movements which are issued from the experimentation carried out on two variably-dimensioned vehicles. These "exploitable" movements are the result of digital processing applied to the measured entry movements. These processing allow, among others, to adapt the measured joint articulation angles to the humanoid in order to avoid possible collisions with the cockpit which would not have been noted during the experiments. A second stage relates to the automatically analysis and identification of the vehicle entering movement strategies. This stage proceeds in four phases and it allows the identification of 2 entry movement strategies and 6 sub–strategies. A third stage, made up of 4 phases as well, uses the assets resulting from stages 1 and 2 to simulate an entry movement of a subject of the base adopting a given sub-strategy in another vehicle of different geometry. The simulation of the entry movement of the same subject in another vehicle concerns an inverse kinematics problem solved by constrained nonlinear programming. Simulations, implying elderly and/or having prostheses people, make it possible to validate the suggested procedure for the two entry strategies. In spite of the differences with the measured movements, the simulated movements are in conformity with the sub-strategies adopted by the subjects during the experiments. Furthermore, the realized simulations make it possible to explain partly the changes of strategy operated by some subjects, during the experiments, when shifting from one vehicle to another. Finally, simulations on fictitious vehicles show the limits of the developed simulation tool. This work opens several prospects for research as well concerning the improvement of simulation, by considering for example the intra-individual differences of subjects or the dynamics of the movement, as the development of new ergonomic indices in order to consider discomfort associated with the simulated movements
Pronost, Nicolas. "Définition et réalisation d'outils de modélisation et de calcul de mouvement pour des humanoïdes virtuels." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S107.
Full textBossuet, Cécile. "Étude du transport vertical de quantité de mouvement dans le modèle troposphérique-stratosphérique ARPEGE-climat." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT004H.
Full textDumitriu, Dan. "Modélisation dynamique des systèmes articulés par des vecteurs translation et des matrices rotation : prise en compte des rigidités par des multiplicateurs de Lagrange : simulations du mouvement à l'aide d'un code en C++." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2258.
Full textOur proposal for dynamical modelling of articulated systems consists in parameterising the position of each solid by the 3 components of its translation vector and the 9 components of its rotation matrix. The rigidities of each solid and the articulations between solids are taken into account by Lagrange multipliers. The motion is governed by an algebra-differential system bringing together constraint equations and Lagrange equations. We have created an oriented object C++ program solving the algebra-differential system by a projection algorithm. This program is validated by simulating the motion of a platform. For the Euler-Lagrange solid, the Lagrange multipliers associated to the solid rigidity are grouped together in a 3x3 symmetrical matrix turning out to be negative. Moreover the eigenvalues of this matrix are constant. The Lagrange multipliers matrix is directly related to the stress tensor volume average
Laurent, Rémy. "Simulation du mouvement pulmonaire personnalisé par réseau de neurones artificiels pour la radiothérapie externe." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800360.
Full textBenkhémis, Ines. "Essai de repérage du critère minimisé spontanément par le sportif : exemple du saut en longueur." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2357.
Full textThe aim of this study is to find criteria which is minimized by a long jumper at the take-off. After motion capture angular positionsand velocities at the initial and final time are used in parametric optimisation procedure with differents criteria. Energetic criteria are associated with economic goal. Sthenic criteria are associated with the musculo-skeletal concept. Results demonstrate that sthenic criteria simulate gestual with countermovement whereas energetic criteria simulate continuous gestual
Margerit, Daniel. "Mouvement et dynamique des filaments et des anneaux tourbillons de faible épaisseur." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_MARGERIT_D.pdf.
Full textQuentin, Françoise. "Contrôle du mouvement de la houle dans un canal." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD547.
Full textLeconte, Vincent. "Simulation des convertisseurs électromécaniques." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689550.
Full textHeloir, Alexis. "Système de communication par agent virtuel : aide à la communication des personnes sourdes." Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS109.
Full textHabibi, Arash. "Visualisation d'objets très déformables : relations mouvement-forme-image." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0008.
Full textThis work falls within the field of image synthesis and computer animation by physical modelling. The modelling and visualization of physical objets consists in a work on shape, motion and image. The more a given reference object is deformable and the more the relation between these three phenomena may grow complex. We study this relation and determine in which conditions the behaviour (shape, motion and image) of an object may be represented by several models which are autonomous (multi-scale modelling) and discoupled (clothing « habillage »). In particular, we study highly deformable objects. A shape modeler for this type of object must verify a certain number of properties. We present a shape model verifying these conditions. We study its dynamic behaviour and present the resulting images
Garenne, André. "Rôle du cervelet dans la coordination de trajectoires motrices : modélisation et simulation numérique." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1B078.
Full textBianco, Tommaso. "Gestural control in trumpet performance : experiments and modeling." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066143.
Full textThis thesis focuses on trumpet performance. In particular, we analyze the way performers interact with the instrument in order to control the production of musical tones. Our study begins by analyzing the experimental measurements of real trumpet players. The results are then employed to model the temporal profiles of the measured parameters. This allows us to elaborate novel strategies for the control of sound – particularly for sound synthesis based on physical models – on two fronts. From a musical composition standpoint, we propose a framework for the generation of a gestural score, that is for the conversion of discrete musical units – the notes – into continuous profiles – the profiles of variables involved in the control of sound. From a real-time control standpoint, we elaborate new methodologies for the mapping between gestures and sound in the case of interaction with physical interfaces. In our research we give particular emphasis to the aspects of motor control that concern the mechanisms underlying musical performance. From on hand, we evaluated the gestural variations for the production of notes with different dynamics and performance rate. From the other hand, we studied the bio-mechanical and cognitive influences that emerge from the gestural profiles when multiple gestural units are serially ordered. Beside contributing to a better comprehension and to possible pedagogical suggestions for the human behavior in musical performance, this thesis also presents novel directions for improving the control of virtual instruments
Aubry, Matthieu. "Modélisation et apprentissage de synergies pour le contrôle du mouvement de personnages virtuels : application au geste d’atteinte de cible." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2028.
Full textThis thesis takes place in the field of motion control for virtual humans using captured motions to enhance realism. In this context, this thesis proposes to model synergies in a motion controller to reproduce some features of reaching motions performed by humans. A synergy is composed of a group of entities working together to reach a common goal. Parameters are used to represent characteristics of each motion. A machine learning technique is proposed to find parameter values from a sample motion. Experiments have been carried out to compare several synergy models and learning heuristics to select the best compromise between modal complexity, motion quality and learning rapidity. The analysis of synthesized motion demonstrates the possibility to reproduce temporal dynamics of motion and joint trajectory. The last contribution of this work is a method used to classify synergies. Obtained result links initial posture of motion and position of the target to parameters representing the synergy. Then, those parameters are used to analyze synergies and to extrapolate derived parameters to synthesize new motions. These results may be applied to study particular motions such as motions of disabled persons and the whole approach might be extended to new kind of motions
Carensac, Samuel. "Contrôle physique de mouvement de personnages virtuels en environnement complexe." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI037.
Full textThis thesis deals with the animation of virtual characters composed of rigid bodies linked by joints and controlled by physic interactions (forces and torques). The controller is the system that dynamically calculates these interactions. Our goal is to study and create a controller that is able to control the character interacting with a fluid. The complexity of the behavior of such environment renders predicting the interactions between the fluid and the character impossible. Therefore, the controller must be able to react to such interactions. We have focused our works on the conception of a SIMBICON typed controller that is able to handle the perturbations caused by the physically simulated fluid. This choice is motivated by our previous controller that was able to handle the interactions with a simplified fluid based on simplified fluid dynamics equations. The use of the complete fluid dynamic equations should allow for a higher realism by taking into account to impact of the character motion on the fluid. Since our objective is to obtain an interactive controller, we focus our works on two main axes. The first one is the conception of a controller able to handle low simulation frequencies while keeping the high computation speed brought by the use of the SIMBICON framework. We propose to use a feedback system using an online optimization to reduce the instabilities caused by the of the low simulation frequencies. On top of this system, we study the evolution of the value of the PD-controllers depending on the simulation frequency to be able to propose a controller able to handle simulation frequencies as low as 225Hz. The second research axis aims to conceive a fully GPU implementation of a Lagrangian fluid simulation. We study the impact of various optimization proposed by previous work on our GPU implementation. We also present a system allowing us to move the simulation area of the fluid to be able to keep the character centered in the fluid simulation. This system allows us to only use a small area for the fluid simulation allowing us to propose a system showing interactive execution times
Ha-Ngoc, Hien. "Étude théorique et numérique du mouvement de poches de gaz en canal et en tube." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT026H.
Full textBideau, Benoit. "La réalité virtuelle pour l'analyse des duels sportifs : application au duel entre un gardien et un tireur au handball." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20046.
Full textThe comprehension of the sporting duels is a complex task, because it requires to control an interaction between two subjects. Under real conditions of play, it is impossible to control all the parameters. Thus no relation can be made between a movement and the response of the opponent. Virtual reality offers new prospects to make interact sportsmen in environments entirely under control. In this thesis, we propose to develop and validate a process for the analysis in sporting duels, in a precise application: the duel between a goalkeeper and a thrower in handball. First, we show that the reactions of the goalkeeper are identical, for the same throw, in a real and virtual environment. Once our tool is validated, we modify the gesture of the humanoid thrower thanks to a model of movement. This enables us to define the influence of the thrower's movements on the reaction of the goalkeeper. We quantify thus, the influence of the wrist, climbing the bust, and the modification of ball release on the goalkeeper's reaction
Lardy, Julien. "Analyse et simulation cinématique du mouvement du bras lors de la manipulation d'un objet pour la simulation ergonomique à l’aide d’un mannequin numérique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10018/document.
Full textThe thesis work presented in this manuscript focuses on the simulation of an handling motion, more specifically on the grasp followed by the rotation of a sphere along a fixed single axis. The aim here is, from the analysis of actual motions, to be able to propose an simulation algorithm reproducing motions comparable to experimental data, with the less input as possible and trying to introduce some variability into the simulated motion. 12 volunteers participated to the experiment. Subjects were asked to grasp and turn a sphere of 60mm of diameter. Amplitudes of rotations were ranged from 45° to 360°, in both directions. Experimental data analysis, completed with some simulations of the effect of joint limits on motion, allowed us to investigate several motion control hypothesis as the end-state comfort hypothesis or the minimum work principle. One of the main conclusions is that postural anticipation when grasping seems to be more explained by the comfort at the end of the motion than when grasping. Based on these observations, we proposed a simulation algorithm being original by the way of how it takes into account possible motions allowed by joint limits and by the introduction of variability into the simulated grasp posture. The first results seem to follow most part of the experimental observations giving a strong basis to go towards simulation tools that will come closer to a “human” behavior
Delcey, Nicolas. "Modélisation électro-thermique d'un pantographe pour un train en mouvement." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD001.
Full textIn a railway system, electrical power supply is ensured by a sliding contact between the catenary contact wire and the pantograph collector strip. The contact between the two interfaced materials is responsible of many incident during the train move. These incidents occurs because of precipitated deterioration of the collector strip. In fact, the strip is submitted to many physical phenomena responsible for its temperature increase like mechanical stress, electrical flowing and friction problems. This paper describe a simulation tool realisation in collaboration with French National Raiwail Comany (SNCF) and Femto-st laboratory, it treats all the physical phenomena which have impacts on the strip heating. Three thermal modelisations are used and one is electro-static, they allow predicting critical strip temperatures during real train trip. Moreover many mathematical processes are used and allow both decreasing of modelisations computation time and the required memory
Bottero, Alexis. "Simulation numérique en forme d'onde complète d'ondes T et de sources acoustiques en mouvement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0325/document.
Full textThis thesis combines observations, simulations and development of high performance numerical tools in the field of underwater acoustics, and in particular for the study of T-waves. After a literature review on T-waves, we analysed real data recorded in Italy. In order to model the phenomenon we have developed an axisymmetric spectral element solver in the time domain, which we present and validate. We also present a parametric study of the influence of seafloor slope in a typical scenario of generation / conversion of a T-wave. The energy and duration of these waves is particularly sensitive to the environment. In particular, we have seen that the slopes and characteristics of the seabed are of crucial importance. Our studies confirm that at regional distances the ocean speed profile is only a second order parameter. To evaluate its impact we have developed a procedure for the calculation of transmission and dispersion loss maps from full waveform numerical simulations in the time domain. In a second step we show that a medium-sized commercial boat can create T-waves of a significant amplitude and of low dispersion by diffraction. This T-wave generation mode, still undocumented, must be particularly frequent in areas where maritime traffic is dense and could explain some abyssal T-waves still misunderstood. Finally, we present numerical tools for calculating the acoustic field created by a moving source
Fusco, Nicolas. "Analyse, modélisation et simulation de la marche pathologique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00293627.
Full textFraysse, François. "Estimation des activités musculaires au cours du mouvement en vue d’applications ergonomiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10338/document.
Full textThis work deals with the use of Digital Human models (DHM) for ergonomic applications. More precisely, it focuses on the modelling of the musculoskeletal system and muscular forces developed during movement.In the first part, the development of numerical musculoskeletal models of the lower and upper limbs under the Matlab environment is presented. These models were evaluated by examination of the muscles’ lever arms (for geometry) and by experimental measurements of maximum voluntary force (MVF) (for predicted muscle forces).In a second part, the lower limb muscular model was used to evaluate the role of biarticular muscles during gait. To achieve this, two methods were used, allowing to highlight the functional specificities of these muscles. The results indicate in particular that taking into account biarticular muscles is necessary to a correct estimation of muscle forces and joint contact forces, which are potential discomfort sources.Finally, the maximal force capacity of isometric elbow flexion-extension has been studied. The goal was to set up scaling methods allowing to fit the muscular model to the studied subject’s capacities. The experiment took place at INRETS, and implicated 9 male voluntary subjects. This study allowed to evaluate the model in terms of maximal force capacity prediction, and openend the path to new scaling methods for musculoskeletal models
Golovanov, Cristian. "Développement de formulations éléments finis 3D en potentiel vecteur magnétique : application à la simulation de dispositifs électromagnétiques en mouvement." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0133.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop adapted numerical methods to model 3D electromagnetic equations coupled with electric circuit equations and with the displacement of moving parts, applied to the electric rotating machines. The formulation use as the principal unknown the non-gauged magnetic vector potential, interpolated with the edge elements. The compatibility of the formulation is ensured by the representation of the source CUITent density with the help of an electric vector potential. The electric circuit is analysed using the method of time integrated electric potentials and the direct coupling of the magnetic and electric systems. The connection between the moving mesh and the stationary mesh is realised by an original interpolation method. Specific numerical methods for the integration of the frrst order temporal system using an stepby- step algorithm and different techniques of system resolution were also developed. AlI these developments were validated on a switched reluctance motor
Kugler, Michaël. "Simulation du mouvement des organes de l’abdomen : application aux déformations du foie et de ses vascularisations en vue de d’une reconstitution en temps réel lors d’une chirurgie mini-invasive." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD018/document.
Full textNumerical models used for surgical application require simultaneously a precision close to the millimeter, high speed resolution and to account for the patient variabilities. In the present study, we develop a numerical model of the liver, which relies on hyper-elastic mechanical behavior completed with the vascularization impact on the macroscopic level. Once completed and implemented, the model is treated with model reduction and learning tools in order to provide a real-time response. Mechanical properties are extracted from numerical indentations and homogeneised to build a model accounting for the impact of the vascularization. Once validated on a real sample, simulated deformations are used as input to a learning solution to build a functional solution. Finally, the function is integrated in a surgical tool, to provide a quick and precise representation of the liver deformations
Philippe, Sabine. "Développement d'une formulation Arbitrairement Lagrangienne Eulérienne (ALE) pour la simulation tridimensionnelle du laminage de produits plats." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431051.
Full textGolovanov, Cristian. "Développement de formulations éléments finis 3D en potentiel vecteur magnétique : application à la simulation de dispositifs électromagnétiques en mouvement." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904770.
Full textMaurice, Pauline. "Virtual ergonomics for the design of collaborative robots." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066121/document.
Full textThe growing number of musculoskeletal disorders in industry could be addressed by the use of collaborative robots, which allow the joint manipulation of objects by both a robot and a person. Designing such robots requires to assess the ergonomic benefit they offer. However there is a lack of adapted assessment tools. This work presents a generic tool for performing accurate ergonomic assessments of co-manipulation activities, with very little input data. This tool relies on an evaluation carried out within a digital world, using a virtual manikin to simulate the worker. A framework is developed to enable the estimation of the different biomechanical solicitations which occur during manual activities. Multiple ergonomic indicators are defined and measured through a dynamic simulation of the considered activity. The virtual manikin is animated through a LQP optimization technique, and the robot is controlled according to the manikin-robot interaction force. The proposed framework is validated with motion capture experiments. However, the high number of indicators that are measured makes any kind of conclusion difficult for the user. Hence, a methodology for analyzing the sensitivity of the various indicators to the robot and task parameters is proposed. The goal of such an analysis is to reduce the number of ergonomic indicators which are considered in an evaluation, while sufficiently accounting for the global ergonomic level of the considered activity. Finally, an application of the proposed methodology is presented. The evaluation framework is linked to a genetic algorithm software in order to optimize the morphology of a collaborative robot for a given task
Wang, Qi. "Statistical Models for Human Motion Synthesis." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDM0005/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the synthesis of motion capture data with statistical models. Motion synthesis is a task of interest for important application fields such as entertainment, human-computer interaction, robotics, etc. It may be used to drive a virtual character that can be involved in the applications of the virtual reality, animation films or computer games. This thesis focuses on the use of statistical models for motion synthesis with a strong focus on neural networks. From the machine learning point of view designing synthesis models consists in learning generative models. Our starting point lies in two main problems one encounters when dealing with motion capture data synthesis, ensuring realism of postures and motion, and handling the large variability in the synthesized motion. The variability in the data comes first from core individual features, we do not all move the same way but accordingly to our personality, our gender, age, and morphology etc. Moreover there are other short term factors of variation like our emotion, the fact that we are interacting with somebody else, that we are tired etc. Data driven models have been studied for generating human motion for many years. Models are learned from labelled datasets where motion capture data are recorded while actors are performed various activities like walking, dancing, running, etc. Traditional statistical models such as Hidden Markov Models, Gaussian Processes have been investigated for motion synthesis, demonstrating strengths but also weaknesses. Our work focuses in this line of research and concerns the design of generative models for sequences able to take into account some contextual information, which will represent the factors of variation. A first part of the thesis present preliminary works that we realised by extending previous approaches relying on Hidden Markov Models and Gaussian Processes to tackle the two main problems related to realism and variability. We first describe an attempt to extend contextual Hidden Markov Models for handling variability in the data by conditioning the parameters of the models to an additional contextual information such as the emotion which which a motion was performed. We then propose a variant of a traditional method for performing a specific motion synthesis task called Inverse Kinematics, where we exploit Gaussian Processes to enforce realism of each of the postures of a generated motion. These preliminary results show some potential of statistical models for designing human motion synthesis systems. Yet none of these technologies offers the flexibility brought by neural networks and the recent deep learning revolution.The second part of the thesis describes the works we realized with neural networks and deep architectures. It builds on recurrent neural networks for dealing with sequences and on adversarial learning which was introduced very recently in the deep learning community for designing accurate generative models for complex data. We propose a simple system as a basis synthesis architecture, which combines adversarial learning with sequence autoencoders, and that allows randomly generating realistic motion capture sequences. Starting from this architecture we design few conditional neural models that allow to design synthesis systems that one can control up to some extent by either providing a high level information that the generated sequence should match (e.g. the emotion) or by providing a sequence in the style of which a sequence should be generated
Yahyaoui, Omar El. "Évaluation de modèles non-linéaires de turbulence à partir de simulations numériques directes des équations de Navier-Stokes." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b805d85e-4438-419e-b3c7-3b4549924063.
Full textKabalan, Bachar. "Dynamique des foules : modélisation du mouvement des piétons et forces associées engendrées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1126/document.
Full textCrowds are present almost everywhere and affect several aspects of our lives. They are considered to be on of the most complex systems whose dynamics, resulting from individual interactions and giving rise to fascinating phenomena, is very difficult to understand and have always intrigued experts from various domains. The technological advancement, especially in computer performance, has allowed to model and simulate pedestrian movement. Research from different disciplines, such as social sciences and bio-mechanics, who are interested in studying crowd movement and pedestrian interactions were able to better examine and understand the dynamics of the crowd. Professionals from architects and transport planners to fire engineers and security advisors are also interested in crowd models that would help them to optimize the design and operation of a facility. In this thesis, we have worked on the imporvement of a discrete crowd model developed by the researchers from the dynamics group in Navier laboratory. In this model, the actions and decisions taken by each individual are treated. In its previous version, the model was used to simulate urgent evacuations. Three main aspects of the model were addressed in this thesis. The first one concerns pedestrian navigation towards a final destination. In our model, a pedestrian is represented by a disk having a willingness to head to a certain destination with a desired direction and a desired speed. A desired direction is attributed to each pedestrian, depending on his position from the exit, from a floor field that is obtained by solving the eikonal equation. Solving this equation a single time at the beginning of the simulation or several times at during the simulation allows us to obtain the shortest path or the fastest path strategy respectively. The influence of the two strategies on the collective dynamics of the crowds is compared. The second one consists of managing pedestrian-pedestrian interactions. After having chosen his/her direction according to one of the available strategies, a pedestrian is bound to interact with other pedestrians present on the chosen path. We have integrated three pedestrian behaviors in our model: (i) pushing by using an original approach based on the theory of rigid body collisions in a rigorous thermodynamics context, (ii) forcing one's way by introducing a social repulsive force and (iii) "normal" avoidance by using a cognitive approach based on two heuristics. The three methods are compared for different criteria. The last aspect is the validation and verification of the model. We have performed a sensibility study and validated the model qualitatively and quantitatively. Using a numerical experimental plan, we identified the input parameters that are the most statistically significant and estimated the effects of their interactions. Concerning qualitative validation, we showed that our model is able to reproduce several self-organization phenomena such as lane formation. Finally, our model was validated quantitatively for the case of a bottleneck. The experimental results are very close to the ones obtained from simulations. The model was also applied to pedestrian movement in the Noisy-Champs train station. The objective of the study was to estimate the train dwell time. The simulation results were similar to the observations