Academic literature on the topic 'Mouthpiece control'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mouthpiece control"
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Liu, Hsiu-Yueh, Chun-Hung Chen, Chao-Hung Kuo, Ming-Chu Feng, Jen-Hao Chen, Hsuan-Wen Wang, Kun-Chun Chen, and Chun-Li Lin. "A Novel Tongue Pressure Measurement Instrument with Wireless Mobile Application Control Function and Disposable Positioning Mouthpiece." Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030489.
Full textAbstract:
This study developed a novel chair-side tongue pressure (TP) measuring instrument with a disposable positioning mouthpiece controlled using a smartphone application (APP), denoted as the TP wireless application (TPWA). The mouthpiece was designed with a palate-shaped air balloon containing a tongue contact bump and a plastic bite positioning tube. Fatigue load testing was performed to evaluate mouthpiece durability by applying 700 displacement cycles (50 times a day for one week during training, with twice the safety factor) on the air balloon. The main component used in developing this instrument was a silicon pressure sensor equipped with wireless Bluetooth connection. Young (52 adults; mean age = 20.23 ± 2.17) and elderly (40 adults; mean age = 72.60 ± 7.03) individuals participated in the test with the new instrument, with the results compared to those of a commercial device. The TPWA mouthpiece fatigue test showed that mean response pressures were maintained at 12 kPa. No significant (p > 0.05) differences were found during testing repetitions 0–10 and 701–710. There were no significant differences in the maximum TP values presented between the test sequences using different instruments for young and elderly participants. The TPWA results showed that TP values gradually decreased with increasing age (40.77 kPa for young and 16.55 kPa for elderly participants). The maximum TP for males (43.51 kPa) was significantly larger than that for females (35.14 kPa) in the young group, but an opposite trend was seen in the elderly group (12.97 for males and 17.59 for females). Thus, this study developed a novel chair-side TP measurement instrument with Bluetooth wireless mobile application control. A durable positioning oral mouthpiece was approved for measuring pressure sufficiently, reliably, and precisely for TP screening.
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Tanaka, Y., T. Morikawa, and Y. Honda. "An assessment of nasal functions in control of breathing." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1520.
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Breathing pattern and steady-state CO2 ventilatory response during mouth breathing were compared with those during nose breathing in nine healthy adults. In addition, the effect of warming and humidification of the inspired air on the ventilatory response was observed during breathing through a mouthpiece. We found the following. 1) Dead space and airway resistance were significantly greater during nose than during mouth breathing. 2) The slope of CO2 ventilatory responses did not differ appreciably during the two types of breathing, but CO2 occlusion pressure response was significantly enhanced during nose breathing. 3) Inhalation of warm and humid air through a mouthpiece significantly depressed CO2 ventilation and occlusion pressure responses. These results fit our observation that end-tidal PCO2 was significantly higher during nose than during mouth breathing. It is suggested that a loss of nasal functions, such as during nasal obstruction, may result in lowering of CO2, fostering apneic spells during sleep.
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Rubinstein, I., P. A. McClean, R. Boucher, N. Zamel, J. J. Fredberg, and V. Hoffstein. "Effect of mouthpiece, noseclips, and head position on airway area measured by acoustic reflections." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1469.
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To investigate whether it is possible to simplify the methodology of measuring airway area by acoustic reflections, we measured upper airway area in 10 healthy subjects during tidal breathing according to seven different protocols. Three protocols employed custom-made bulky mouthpiece with or without nose-clips, two protocols used a scuba-diving mouthpiece and cotton balls placed in the nostrils instead of noseclips, and two protocols employed neck flexion and extension. We found no significant difference in average pharyngeal, glottic, and tracheal areas for any of the protocols except for neck flexion, which was associated with a significantly lower mean pharyngeal area. Intraindividual variabilities were comparable for all protocols, except for protocol employing the customary bulky mouthpiece and no noseclips, which consistently resulted in the most variable measurements of area for all three airway segments: pharynx, glottis, and trachea. Furthermore, we found that the protocol employing the scuba-diving mouthpiece with or without cotton balls in the nostrils resulted in the lowest number of unacceptable measurements. We conclude that measurements of airway area by acoustic reflections may be further simplified by using a scuba-diving mouthpiece without noseclips; furthermore, control of head position during measurements is not critical provided there is no obvious neck flexion.
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Nishiyama, Akira, and Erisa Tsuchida. "Relationship Between Wind Instrument Playing Habits and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders in Non-Professional Musicians." Open Dentistry Journal 10, no. 1 (August 22, 2016): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601610010411.
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Background: In this study, we focused on the habits of wind instrumentalists as well as the presence of playing instruments, and investigated associations between the risk of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and playing wind instruments in non-professional musicians. Material and Methods: Seventy-two non-professional players of wind instruments (instrument group) (mean(SD), 20.0(1.1) y; 42 women) and 66 non-players (control group) (22.0(2.6) y; 45 women) participated in this study. Factors were investigated using questionnaires (a screening questionnaire for TMD, instrument playing habits, years of experience, and time played per day). Result: The prevalence of a high risk of TMD was not significantly different between the instrument group (29.2%) and control group (21.2%). In the instrument group, the frequency of subjects who felt mouthpiece pressure in the high risk of TMD group (47.6%) was significantly greater than that in the low risk of TMD group (21.6%). Mouthpiece pressure was found to be a significant factor contributing to a high risk of TMD (odds ratio, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.12–9.79). Conclusion: This study suggests that pressure from the mouthpiece was one of the contributing factors related to a high risk of TMD in non-professional wind instrument players.
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Hirano, Takeshi, and Hiroshi Kinoshita. "Mouthpiece pressing force for pitch and loudness control in playing the French horn." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4971046.
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Bai, Lin, and Jie Qin. "An Analysis of Vivie in Mrs. Warren’s Profession Using Narrative Theory." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0802.10.
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Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) is one of the world famous playwrights, is a household wordsmith for his good humor and satire. In his masterpiece Mrs. Warren's Profession, Shaw depicts a literary figure Vivie who embodies new women's yearning for their independence and aspirations of self-values. This paper analyzes Vivie's image through approaches of narrative theory. By using narrative voice reflected in the scene, involvement of implied author in portrayal description, application of feminism in narratology, and dualistic construction in subtext, readers can have a more profound understanding of Vivie's image. Instead of a mouthpiece of "new women", the nature of Vivie's image is just sketched out on the basis of an ideal man under the male-dominated capitalist society. This paper concludes that in the capitalist society women were under the control of patriarchal discourse.
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Howard, L. S., and P. A. Robbins. "Alterations in respiratory control during 8 h of isocapnic and poikilocapnic hypoxia in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 1098–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.3.1098.
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In the preceding companion paper (L. S. G. E. Howard and P.A. Robbins, J. Appl. Physiol. 78: 1092–1097, 1995), we showed that ventilation rises during 8 h of isocapnic hypoxia. In the present study we report the changes that occur in the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia (AHVR) over 8 h of both isocapnic and poikilocapnic hypoxia. Ten subjects completed the study. Each was seated inside a chamber in which the inspired gas could be controlled so as to maintain the desired end-tidal gases (sampled via nasal catheter) constant. Three 8-h protocols were compared: 1) isocapnic hypoxia, at an end-tidal PO2 of 55 Torr with the end-tidal PCO2 held at the subject's resting value; 2) poikilocapnic hypoxia, at the same end-tidal PO2; and 3) control, where the inspired gas was air. AHVR was measured before and at 20 min and 4 and 8 h after the start of the experiment. A sequence of hypoxic square waves and sawtooth inputs was imposed by an end-tidal forcing system, with the subject breathing through a mouthpiece. End-tidal PCO2 was held constant at 1–1.5 Torr above resting. Values for hypoxic sensitivity (Gp; 1.min-1.%-1) and hypoxia-independent ventilation (Vc; l/min) were calculated for each test of AHVR. Both Gp and Vc increased significantly during both hypoxic exposures in relation to control (P < 0.001, analysis of variance). Over the 8-h period, increases in Gp were 87% in isocapnic hypoxia and 44% in poikilocapnic hypoxia, and increases in Vc were 89% in isocapnic hypoxia and 84% in poikilocapnic hypoxia. There were no significant differences between the isocapnic and poikilocapnic exposures. We conclude that Gp and Vc rise mainly as result of hypoxia per se and not the associated alkalosis.
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Thibodeau, Joseph, and Marcelo M. Wanderley. "Trumpet Augmentation and Technological Symbiosis." Computer Music Journal 37, no. 3 (September 2013): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00185.
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This article discusses the augmentation of acoustic musical instruments, with a focus on trumpet augmentation. Augmented instruments are acoustic instruments onto which sensors have been mounted in order to provide extra sonic control variables. Trumpets make ideal candidates for augmentation because they have spare physical space on which to mount electronics and spare performer “bandwidth” with which to interact with the augmentations. In this article, underlying concepts of augmented instrument design are discussed along with a review and discussion of twelve existing augmented trumpets and five projects related to mouthpiece augmentation. Common aspects to many of these examples are identified, such as the prevalence of idiosyncratic designs, the use of buttons placed at or near the left-hand playing position, and the focus on measuring or mimicking trumpet valves. Three existing approaches to valve sensing are compared, and a novel method for sensing valve position, based on linear variable differential transformers, is introduced. Based on the review and comparison, we created an example augmented trumpet that tests the feasibility of a modular design paradigm. The results of this review of the state-of-the-art and our own research suggests future directions towards a better understanding of augmented trumpet design.
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Luu, Billy L., Rachel A. McBain, Janet L. Taylor, Simon C. Gandevia, and Jane E. Butler. "Reflex response to airway occlusion in human inspiratory muscles when recruited for breathing and posture." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00841.2018.
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Briefly occluding the airway during inspiration produces a short-latency reflex inhibition in human inspiratory muscles. This occlusion reflex seems specific to respiratory muscles; however, it is not known whether the reflex inhibition has a uniform effect across a motoneuron pool when a muscle is recruited concurrently for breathing and posture. In this study, participants were seated and breathed through a mouthpiece that occluded inspiratory airflow for 250 ms at a volume threshold of 0.2 liters. The reflex response was measured in the scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles during 1) a control condition with the head supported in space and the muscles recruited for breathing only, 2) a postural condition with the head unsupported and the neck flexors recruited for both breathing and to maintain head posture, and 3) a large-breath condition with the head supported and the volume threshold raised to between 0.8 and 1.0 liters to increase inspiratory muscle activity. When normalized to its preocclusion mean, the reflex response in the scalene muscles was not significantly different between the large-breath and control conditions, whereas concomitant recruitment of these muscles for posture control reduced the reflex response by half compared with the control condition. A reflex response occurred in sternocleidomastoid when it contracted phasically as an accessory muscle for inspiration during the large-breath condition. These results indicate that the occlusion reflex does not produce a uniform effect across the motoneuron pool and that afferent inputs for this reflex most likely act via intersegmental networks of premotoneurons rather than at a motoneuronal level. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we investigated the effect of nonrespiratory activity on the reflex response to brief sudden airway occlusions in human inspiratory muscles. We show that the reflex inhibition in the scalene muscles was not uniform across the motoneuron pool when the muscle was recruited concurrently for breathing and postural control. The reflex had a larger effect on respiratory-driven motoneurons than those recruited to maintain head posture.
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Iltis, Peter W., Jens Frahm, Eckart Altenmüller, Dirk Voit, Arun Joseph, and Kevin Kozakowski. "Tongue Position Variability During Sustained Notes in Healthy vs Dystonic Horn Players Using Real-Time MRI." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2019.1007.
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OBJECTIVE: Embouchure dystonia (EmD) is a variant of focal task-specific dystonia in musicians characterized by the loss of control in facial and oral muscles while controlling airflow into the mouthpiece of a wind or brass instrument. We compared tongue position variability (TPV) during sustained notes between healthy, elite horn players and horn players affected by EmD. METHODS: Real-time MRI films at 33.3 ms resolution were obtained from 8 healthy elite and 5 EmD horn players as they performed on a non-ferromagnetic horn at each of three different dynamic levels: pianissimo, mezzo forte, and fortissimo. Nine profile lines (3 from anterior, 3 from middle, and 3 from posterior oral cavity regions) were overlaid on each image using a customized MATLAB toolkit, and the variability of the dorsal tongue edge position was examined at each dynamic from temporal intensity profiles produced by MATLAB. RESULTS: Despite trends for more pronounced TPV (larger standard deviations) in the elite musicians (p=0.062), 2-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences between groups. However, dynamic level significantly influenced TPV for all subjects, combined (p=0.048) and different regions of the oral cavity showed differing TPV (p<0.001). When only the most active region (anterior oral cavity) was included in the model, differences between groups reached statistical significance (elite > EmD, p<0.048), particularly at the fortissimo dynamic. We postulate that these differences may be due, in part, to a greater degree of generalized orofacial muscle tension in the EmD subjects that includes the tongue.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mouthpiece control"
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King, Brian William, and n/a. "An experimental investigation of the effects of mouthpiece control on alto saxophone tone in the student player." University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060814.133145.
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Good tone is one of an alto saxophone player's greatest assets and
consequently deserves high priority in training and pedagogy. The
current pedagogical literature gives little attention to tone production
on the saxophone. The mouthpiece is the link between the player and
the saxophone. This study examined the effect of the normal
mouthpiece pitch and the pitch range produced on the saxophone
mouthpiece on alto saxophone tone quality .
In this experimental study, recordings were made of forty-three
student alto saxophone players who performed tasks consisting of three
saxophone mouthpiece exercises and four short musical phrases on the
saxophone.
The tape recordings were used to provide a spectral analysis of the
tone samples by Fast Fourier Transform Analysis, and to allow
qualitative analysis by five expert judges. The judges used a
saxophone listening profile to provide qualitative evaluation of the
recordings.
Cluster analysis produced three groups of subjects according to
combinations of the mouthpiece pitch and range produced. The mean
sustained mouthpiece pitch and mouthpiece range of the groups were:
Cluster 1 - 790 Hz and 550 cents; Cluster 2 1023 Hz and 150 cents:
and Cluster 3 - 820 Hz and 1203 cents.
Analysis of variance was used to test for statistically significant
differences between the clusters. Discriminant analysis was used to
identify other variables which contributed to the formation of the three
clusters.
The quantitative analysis of both mouthpiece and saxophone tones
provided no insight into the spectra of the student subjects.
The qualitative analysis using bipolar descriptors provided valid
criteria which could be applied consistently for the analysis of student
saxophone tone. A Tonal Index was computed from the judges' ratings
in order to test for differences in tone between the clusters.
Analysis of variance tests showed significant differences in the tone
produced by the clusters on both the mouthpiece and the saxophone.
The tone produced by Cluster 3 was significantly different to that
produced by Clusters 1 and 2 at the p < .05 level.
Discriminant analysis identified the use of saxophone tone models
(through comparative critical listening) and small group performance as
significant predictor variables (at the p < .05 level) in the formation of
the clusters.
The results of this study suggest that tone production on the alto
saxophone is improved through the development of control on the
mouthpiece. It was concluded that routine practice with the
mouthpiece can serve in the development of a flexible and responsive
embouchure and oral cavity and that students need to develop a
mental concept of saxophone tone as part of the development of tone
production. Also, experience in small group performance needs to be
sought and provided for saxophone students. Finally, this study
focussed on an area of mouthpiece behaviour which can easily be
included into any instructional design and monitored by teachers.
Book chapters on the topic "Mouthpiece control"
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Weintraub, Andrew N. "Titiek Puspa." In Vamping the Stage. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824869861.003.0007.
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Chanteuse and composer Titiek Puspa (1937-) vocalized the tensions and contradictions of gendered modernity in Indonesia during the socially turbulent 1960s and 1970s. This period of Indonesian history is divided politically by first president Sukarno’s anti-imperialist “Old Order” (Orde Lama, 1950-1965) and second president Suharto’s pro-Western “New Order” (Orde Baru, 1966-1998). Titiek Puspa (hereafter Titiek) cultivated a proximity to state power – to Sukarno, one of Indonesia’s founding fathers, and Suharto, the “Father of Development” (Bapak Pembangunan) – that amplified her voice and enabled it to circulate more widely and freely than other female singers. However, she was not a mouthpiece of these divergent political “orders”; that is, her relatively autonomous voice did not align neatly with either regime. Titiek’s voice and body were contested terrain in both presidential regimes; they patronized and celebrated her, but also wanted to control her. The patriarchal orders used her as a symbol of proper womanhood in her role as wife and mother, but she developed an image as an independent and successful modern woman who supported her husbands and other family members. Titiek Puspa played an important role in each regime’s ideology of modernity, but she also articulated the disjuncture between a woman’s voice and the reigning political order.
Conference papers on the topic "Mouthpiece control"
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Hashimoto, Takuma, Suzanne Low, Koji Fujita, Risa Usumi, Hiroshi Yanagihara, Chihiro Takahashi, Maki Sugimoto, and Yuta Sugiura. "TongueInput: Input Method by Tongue Gestures Using Optical Sensors Embedded in Mouthpiece." In 2018 57th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/sice.2018.8492690.
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Versteeg, Henk K., Graham K. Hargrave, Perry A. Genova, Robert C. Williams, Dan Deaton, and Prashant Kakade. "Design Optimisation of Novel Pharmaceutical Actuator Using Optical Diagnostics." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58173.
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Pharmaceutical metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are drug delivery devices that are designed to produce self-propelled aerosols for inhalation therapies. Conventional MDI actuators use configurations based on a “two-orifice-and-sump” design. This promotes partial expansion of the propellant as a pre-atomisation stage. The final aerosol contains large numbers of respirable particles (1–5μm), but the aerosol plume velocity tends to be very high (50–100m/s). The KOS Vortex Nozzle Assembly (VNA) is an innovative actuator concept, which enables a measure of control of plume velocity. The device utilises a combination of a vortex chamber and a Bernoulli horn to reduce the plume velocity whilst increasing the respirable fraction of drug particles. The aerosol generation process in all MDIs, including the KOS VNA, inevitably leads to a certain amount of internal and external drug deposition, which represents an inefficiency of the drug delivery technology that can threaten dose uniformity. This paper reports the findings of an experimental study using optical diagnostics to investigate the primary atomization mechanism and external drug deposition in the VNA. High-speed video imaging is used to document the developing aerosol plume in the near-orifice and mouthpiece regions as well as the flow regime inside the vortex chamber using transparent versions of the VNA manufactured by means of rapid prototyping. We consider how the improved understanding of the flow processes resulting from this study supports measurements of fine-particle fractions and mouthpiece deposition. We also discuss how this type of fundamental investigation using optical diagnostics can be used to drive design improvements to identify VNA geometries with improved aerosol properties and reduced external drug deposition.