Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Moussage physique'
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Ykhlef, Nazim. "Etude et optimisation de poly(butylène succinate) biosourcés pour l’injection moussage à l’azote par voie physique." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MTLD0004.
Full textThis work focused on the development of biobased polymer foams adapted to the microcellular injection molding (Mucell®) and the identification of the key parameters (process and/or material) controlling the cell structure.The process parameters were optimized using a Taguchi design of experiment which achieves 15% lightweighting while maintaining acceptable mechanical performances. In addition, structural modifications of PBS were carried out in order to control the foaming mechanism (gas dissolution, cell nucleation, cell growth and cell stabilization). Cell morphology has been improved by modifying the molecular conformation, promoting heterogeneous nucleation, or by adjusting the extensional viscosity and surface tension of the material. The resulting formulation exhibit a decrease of more than 80% in cell size and a cell density multiplied by 450.Finally, a measurement technique for the rheological behavior of the single phase polymer/gas mixture was developed using an instrumented on-line nozzle to evaluate the effect of gas dissolution on the viscosity under experimental conditions
Rainglet, Benoit. "Etude du moussage par CO2 de polypropylène et de TPV en autoclave et par extrusion : formulation, rhéologie et modélisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSES029.
Full textWork on the physical foaming of vulcanised polyolefins and thermoplastics (TPV) by the addition of supercritical CO2, whether by continuous process (extrusion) or by batch process (reactor).Through the formulation, rheological study and foaming of existing and new polymers, a rheological criterion for defining the ability to foam was demonstrated and extended to complex polymer blends (as TPV). More specifically, the study of TPV formulation on foaming was investigated .Conclusions regarding cross-linking chemistry and addition of fillers were determined.Numerical modelling and implementation of extrusion foaming were carried out and demonstrated the possibility of obtaining a regular and homogeneous foam as well as predicting, depending on the input parameters, the final characteristics of the foam
Dubois, Julie. "Moussage de polymères par des procédés physiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0311.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the production and study of microcellular polymer foams by gas dissolution foaming. Due to the novelty of this research field several experimental techniques have been improved or adapted to produce the foams but also to provide valuable information from the systems understudy. It is demonstrated that processing parameters, such as pressure and temperature, allow differentiating between our foaming routes, and present a significant influence on the foaming process and final characteristics of foam
Rouyer, Florence. "Quelques études de la physique des écoulements d'une mousse et dans une mousse." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682720.
Full textGaillard, Thibaut. "Ecoulements confinés à haut et bas Reynolds : génération millifluidique de mousse et drainage de films minces de copolymères." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS368/document.
Full textFoam is a fascinating matter which has been broadly used for centuries, but its complexity makes it difficult to understand and control its properties. The subject of this experimental thesis is to show through two examples that by controlling the flows during the generation and lifetime of the foam its stability and structural properties may be better controlled. In the first part I study the generation of foams made of microscopic bubbles by a cyclic diphasic flow in a tube connecting two syringes. With this technique one can vary the liquid fractions without changing the bubble size distributions. I show that these distributions are mainly controlled by the presence of constrictions in the tubing connecting the syringes and by the physico-chemical properties of the foaming solution. My results show that the characteristic bubble size is not fixed by foam ageing effects but by hydrodynamic instabilities. With various millifluidic model experiments in the inertial regime I highlight what seems to be a new mechanism of bubble fragmentation. The acceleration and deceleration of the bubbles when going through a constriction would be the driving effect of this process. The precise link still has to be established. In the second part I show that it is possible to make highly stable free-standing films made of a comb-copolymer melt of PDMS-g-PEG-PPG, at room temperature, and without stabilising agents. The characterisation of this melt reveals that it is a newtonian liquid with a low surface tension and not subject to phase transitions at room temperature. I studied intensively the drainage of vertical and horizontal films, which is a laminar flow of the liquid confined between its two liquid/air interfaces. Using a millifluidic thin film pressure balance, developed for the study of viscous liquids, I report the formation of stratifications in very thin films. Theses stratifications have the same step hight than the characteristic length of the melt which we measured for the bulk, linked either to the size of the macromolecules or to micro-phase separation. The drainage and stability might be controlled by this stratified flow, but we still have to understand if it results from a simple confinement effect or from an interfacially driven micro-phase separation
Cheddadi, Ibrahim. "Modélisation numérique d'écoulements de mousse." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00497436.
Full textZambon, Agnès. "Formulation et caractérisation physique d'un béton léger de mousse et à base d'argile : valorisation des sédiments fins de dragage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0295/document.
Full textA re-use of dredged sediments as raw material in the process of making of concrete directly onthe site of the dredging is an interesting valorization as regards economy and environment.The present study aims at valuing the thin particles of sediments because they create aproblem in the valorization of dredged sediments. Indeed, the layer structure of the claymakes it prone to react to humidity conditions and confers it an important capacity to retainpolluting agents. To optimize the valued volumes, a total substitution of aggregates in theconcrete by the thin particles of sediments is envisaged. The results from the literature tend tofavor an application in embankment such as the filling between two sheet pile walls, a geotechnical embankment, a quarry embankment. An incorporation of an air-foam made ofanimal protein during the making of the concrete is used to reduce the density of the material(density between 1.1 and 1.3). This material is classified in the category of lightweight foam concrete called by the English abbreviation LWFC (LightWeight Foamed Concrete). In thisstudy the material is named BAMS acronym for “Béton Allégé par l’incorporation d’uneMousse et à base de Sédiments”. The study was realized with a model soil composed of 80%of bentonite clay and 20% of calibrated sand (diameter 0.125mm). The mix design method isbased on the liquidity limit of the soil considering its swelling. The characterization of theBAMS is split into three parts. The first part corresponds to the characterization of the freshstate of the BAMS. It highlights the optimization of the reduction of the density from aquantity of added water with regard to the liquidity limit of the soil. The incorporation of airfoam modifies the characteristics of the fresh state of the material. It improves the workability and delays the setting of cement. The second part corresponds to the mechanical characterization of the BAMS. The added water which optimizes the reduction of the density impacts the mechanical resistance which has to be over 0.5MPa. There is thus an inevitablecompromise between mechanical resistance and density. The possible combinations and themix design to get them have been studied. Non-destructive tests are done to simply check the mechanical performances on construction site. The study of the linear shrinkage highlights an important variation of the dimension of the BAMS. This can be limited by a wet cure. The third part corresponds to the durability by the study of the transfer properties of the BAMS.The results highlight a limited accessibility of the porous network. The release of polluting agents in sediments is estimated by a lixiviation test realized on BAMS made with a model soilartificially polluted (non immersible case). From the results we can conclude on the efficiency of the inerting of polluting agents by the cement treatment and therefore the use of the material is allowed without having an impact on environment (PH14)
Dairon, Jonathan. "Développement d'une nouvelle technique d'élaboration de mousses d'acier par fonderie et caractérisation mécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694478.
Full textGarsot, Nikolaz. "Modélisation numérique du comportement mécanique des composites mousse métallique-polymère." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0008.
Full textMetal foams have interesting properties for industrial purposes. Still, combining these foams with other materials can greater improve their properties. This work takes part in the development of composites consisted of metal foams and polymers. Its aim is to complete their mechanical and structural characterization which already begun several years ago. The results of this study highlight a strong relationship between the mechanical properties of the composites, the volume fraction, the nature and the morphology of constitutive materials. A model was developed to predict the mechanical behavior of the composites taking into account these interactions. A homogenization method was adopted using elasto-viscoplasticity models with non linear hardening coupled with isotropic ductile damage in the finite deformation framework. After the implementation in ABAQUS via user subroutine, this method was tested in two kinds of compression tests. Good agreements with experimental results were obtained: the macroscopic response, the damage initiation and propagation were correctly predicted. These are very promising for the applications to more complex loading cases by adding thermal and cyclic effects into the model
BLONDIN, EMMANUEL. "Etude experimentale d'une mousse humide en ecoulement en conduite horizontale de section rectangulaire." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2096.
Full textBen, Salem Imen. "Réponse mécanique d'une mousse liquide à une injection d'air ou à une onde acoustique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765661.
Full textTerriac, Emmanuel. "Train de films liquides confinés : structure et écoulement." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S099.
Full textLiquid film trains are the most encountered structures of confined liquid foams. The presented work is a part of the understanding of liquid distribution in “bamboo” foams defined by a film train. An original method to measure film thickness within the foam by small angle scattering experiments, interpreted in the frame of specular reflectivity, was validated by using a well-known surfactant (SDS). The results, compared to other ones obtained with Thin Film Balance, lead to the conclusion that “bamboo” foams are assemblies of independent films and that metastable states of film can be isolated. Measurements of the viscous force of “bamboo” foams flowing in narrow channels are also presented and compared to a model based on the lubrication theory. It follows from it a strong influence of the velocity, the liquid fraction and the bubble size on the viscous dissipation
Hoang, Minh Tan. "Modélisation et simulation multi-échelle et multi-physique du comportement acoustique de milieux poroélastiques : application aux mousses de faible densité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1136/document.
Full textThis work aims at determining the acoustical properties of poro-elastic media through a multi-scale method. Some imaging techniques (tomography and micrographs) allow to estimate some quantitative microstructure properties of foams containing open or partially closed cells. These properties are used in order to clarify the features of a representative three-dimensional unit cell of a periodic structure, which mimics the behaviour of the real foam. All parameters controlling the acoustical properties of the porous foam are obtained by using the homogenization of periodic structures. In a first step, the structure of the foam is assumed to be rigid. It was shown that, in the case of a narrow distribution of the characteristic size of the local geometry, a direct computation of the macroscopic behaviour from the local geometrical properties is consistent with the measured acoustical properties. For a wide distribution of pore size, the acoustical behaviour is controlled by critical sizes that are obtained from porosity and static permeability for an open-cell foam, while for partially closed cells, the identification of a complementary characteristic dimension within the pores becomes necessary (e.g. closure rate of membranes). Our results compare well with data obtained from an impedance tube set-up. In a second step, effective elastic properties are computed through a modelling of the foam structure by finite elements. The computed elastic parameters are finally compared with data coming from the literature and with results of mechanical tests
Dame, Cécile. "Etude des relations entre la stabilité des mousses de décontamination nucléaire et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30012.
Full textThe LPAD (French Atomic Energy Commission) develops innovative processes in the frame of the future dismantling of nuclear facilities. Formulations were developed using high viscosified foams stabilized by biodegradable nonionic surfactants : alkyl polyglucosides and viscosifiers (xanthan gum), which allow us to increase the foam lifetime and thus contact time of chemical reactants with the facility walls. We have considered the relationships between physicochemical properties and foam stability through the exploration of the foam at three different scales: from the molecular range (micelles, surface tension and viscoelasticity), to the film and Plateau border range (XR reflectivity, surface shear viscosity) and to macroscopic range, meaning the whole foam (foaminess, liquid fraction and wall film thickness evolution). Finally, exploratory study is presented concerning simultaneous foam three scales characterisation by small angle neutron scattering
Rocher, Sandrine. "Etude des mécanismes de croissance de mousses métalliques élaborées par plasma électrolytique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK002.
Full textSome troubles are noticed on the metallic foams synthesized by an electrolytic plasma process and on the way they are manufactured. Those foams present a poor mechanical resistance, their structure is lacking of homogeneity and their porosity is far from being controlled. This PhD work aims at understanding and bringing solutions to those problems for each step of the process. Thus the whole process is studied in order to control both the experimental process and the foams structure.The plasma comprehension and especially its contribution in the metallic foams formation is driven through three main phenomena: the gaseous bubble formation, the sparks formation and propagation, and the charge transfer. Each one is playing a role on the final foam structure. First, the formation of the gaseous bubble and its evolution were observed, and then the process was modified to control the bubble. Second, foams were synthesized with different process parameters and their characteristics were studied in order to highlight their influences. All those experiments led to the creation of a phenomenological model which goal is to explain the different mechanisms involved in the foam strands growth. Several experiments were carried out, some on the sparks, others on the whole system, and the hypotheses were partially proved
Pradel, Pierre. "Etude de la compaction dynamique de mousses polymères : Expériences et modélisation." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0035/document.
Full textPolymeric foams are widely used in many industrial applications as thermal insulators, structural materials or shock mitigators. Indeed, they are light weight materials with an excellent weight /stiffness ratio and low production costs. One of the applications which interests the CEA is the protection of structures against mechanical loadings generated by laser irradiation or high velocity impact of small debris.The main objective of this PhD thesis is to investigate the mitigation capability of an expanded polyurethane foam and an epoxy syntactic foam against extremely fast (> 106 s−1) and intense(> 10 GPa) dynamic loadings. Cyclic quasi-static tests and dynamic experiments have been performed to investigate the behavior of these two foams for strain rates ranging from 10−3 to 106 s−1. Analysis of the experimental results shows that these polymeric foams have an elastic behavior phase followed by a compaction phase with significant permanent sets. Compaction thresholds are about 9 MPa for the polyurethane foam and 30 MPa for the epoxy foam under quasi-static loadings and around 21 MPa for the polyurethane foam and 72 MPa for the epoxy foam for strain rates above 104 s−1.Two porous compaction models are developed to represent the macroscopic behavior of these foams for such strain rates. The parameters are identified from the results of dynamic compression experiments (gas gun, low inductance generator). The validity of the models is tested by comparing calculated velocity profiles with an explicit hydrocode and velocity profiles measured during the experiments. These models are then used to analyze the results obtained with electron beam irradiation and laser-driven shock experiments. We demonstrate that the studied polymeric foam shave high mitigation capabilities and that the models are valid for high strain rates
Delbos, Aline. "Imprégnation forcée de fluides dans des milieux poreux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542832.
Full textBriceño-Ahumada, Zenaida Cenorina. "Propriétés rhéologiques et moussantes des phases lamellaire et éponge du système dodécylsulfate de sodium-hexanol-saumure." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS331.
Full textIn this thesis a study of the rheological and foaming properties of the lamellar and sponge phases of the SDS/hexanol/brine system was performed. Shear rate and temperature sweeps were done to analyze the rheology of the lamellar and sponge phases, adding frequency sweeps for the lamellar phase samples. Also, foamability and foam stability tests of foams made with these two phases were done. Sponge phase samples with membrane volume fractions phi ≥ 0.08 showed a Newtonian behavior, whereas in the less concentrated ones, phi 0.05 and 0.024, a change in viscosity was seen at shear rate values near to 1000 and 100 s ⁻¹, respectively. This change can be linked to a shear induced transition sponge to lamellar phase. Results indicate that temperature and the addition of the hydrosoluble polymer PEG affect the shear rate value at which this transition occurs. Lamellar phase samples with phi ≥ 0.10 presented a sharp increase in viscosity at intermediate shear rate values. The standard rheology technique together with Rheo-SAXS experiments allowed us to infer that there is a shear induced phase transition to vesicle phase. Rheo-SAXS data confirmed that the average interlamellar vesicle phase decreases by the effect of shear rate, and, when shear is stopped, the vesicle structure is relaxed and goes back to the lamellar phase after certain time. Foams made with lamellar phase samples showed a high stability and it was found that the time evolution of the bubble diameter follows a power law equation with exponents smaller than those reported for coarsening and Ostwald ripening. The small values of these exponents seem to be related with orientation defects of the liquid crystalline phase. On the opposite, the foams made with the sponge phase samples presented poor stability, as a possible consequence of the passages that form their structure that could facilitate coalescence of bubbles
Vernhet-Roquefeuil, Aude. "Étude physico-chimique de l'adhésion de Saccharomyces cerevisiae à des surfaces modèles : application à la vinification champenoise." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD535.
Full textFritz, Christelle. "Transport de liquide et de particules dans un bord de Plateau." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110549.
Full textLes mousses contenant des particules se rencontrent dans de nombreuses applications industrielles. Il existe de nombreux articles sur le problème de l'attachement et l'étude des collisions entre les particules et les bulles. Mais le problème des particules véhiculées dans la phase liquide d'une mousse n'a pas été étudié. L'originalité de ce travail de thèse consiste à réaliser des mesures à l'échelle d'un bord de Plateau, en se focalisant sur l'influence du tensioactif. Cette étude permet d'obtenir de nouveaux résultats et d'éclairer les désaccords entre expériences et théories.
Nous avons développé un appareil, le Plateau Border Apparatus, pour un double objectif : l'étude du transport de liquide et la caractérisation de la mobilité de l'interface. L'épaisseur des films, la forme de la section du bord de Plateau ainsi que les pertes de charges ont été mesurées à débits imposés. Ensuite, la viscosité de surface est extraite par ajustement à partir de ces valeurs.
Les mesures de la viscosité de cisaillement de surface obtenue avec le PBA ont mis en évidence deux régimes « interface rigide/mobile » et des contradictions avec les expériences de drainage d'une mousse.
La rhéologie interfaciale des solutions utilisées étant ainsi connue, il a été alors possible d'étudier expérimentalement l'effet de la mobilité des interfaces sur la sédimentation et l'entraînement des particules dans un bord de Plateau. L'effet de la position de la particule sédimentant est important. La particule permet de sonder la mobilité de l'interface et de corroborer les résultats de viscosité de surface obtenus par le PBA. Nous avons montré ensuite que l'entraînement des particules dépend de l'interface.
Le PBA est un nouvel outil pour l'étude des mousses qui a l'avantage, par rapport à la balance de Sheludko, de travailler en dynamique et non pas à l'équilibre.
Hoang, Minh Tan, and Minh Tan Hoang. "Modélisation et simulation multi-échelle et multi-physique du comportement acoustique de milieux poroélastiques : application aux mousses de faible densité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799779.
Full textElbaz, Déborah. "Propagation d'un choc dans un milieu hétérogène." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675731.
Full textYounes, Mahmoud. "Modelisation d'un element de structure composite a noyau leger gaine." Paris, ENSAM, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENAM0003.
Full textLe, Bail Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique sous chargement d’une butée d’amortisseur en mousse de polyuréthane : vers une démarche de dimensionnement en fatigue." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0003.
Full textPolyurethane foam jounce bumpers are widely used in the automotive industry. Their main function is to absorb vertical shocks to the wheels and contribute to the integrity of the vehicle suspension. The mechanical response of this type of parts implies to take into account different mechanisms, from the buckling of the walls of the part to the self-contact through the geometrical non-linearities. The current characterization of these polyurethane foam jounce bumpers in fatigue is currently limited to the customer’s specifications and to the tests predefined by him. The objective of this thesis is to carry out a complete experimental characterization of the mechanical behavior in order to identify an Hyperfoam type behavior law. This characterization is also based on imaging techniques, SEM and tomographic, in order to characterize the link between the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of the jounce bumper. This study should allow to define a global approach for the fatigue design of polyurethane foam jounce bumper
Haffner, Benjamin. "Stabilité des suspensions fortement aérées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1095/document.
Full textWe study the drainage of granular suspensions foams. Our control parameters are the gas fraction, the bubble size, the particles size and the interstitial particle fraction. First, we measure the proportion of liquid and particles retained in the foam network as function of the above mentioned parameters. These measurements are performed when the drainage is over, they are essential for the description of drainage velocity. We show that certain combinations of our study parameters lead to the jamming of the three-phase system : gas, liquid, solid. Secondly, we highlight different regimes of drainage velocity, we show that is controlled by two parameters : (i) lambda, the ratio of the particle size and constriction size, (ii) the fraction of particles in the interstitial network : phi. The key to understand these regimes is the trapping of particles in the foam : (i) the jamming, which may occur for surprisingly low fractions due to the geometry of the pore network, (ii) the particles captured by the foam network when they become larger than the constrictions network. Finally, larger particles excluded from the network increase the drainage velocity, as a consequence the minimum for the velocity corresponds to the individual capture. The granular fraction of the suspension in the foam network is the other key parameter. Especially, the drainage can be stopped for sufficiently high fractions for certain values of lambda. This work offers promising outlook for the stability of three-phase materials
Louvet, Nicolas. "Étude multi-échelles du transport de particules dans les mousses liquides." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541198.
Full textSardelli, Francesco. "Aspects de la gravitation quantique à boucles : la représentation polymère, la jauge temporelle et lien entre approches covariante et canonique." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4050/document.
Full textNo summary available
Marmottant, Ariane. "Structure et propriétés de mousses d'aluminium élaborées par réplication de préforme de sel." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0188.
Full textThe present work investigates the influence of structural fluctuations on the mechanical properties of aluminium foams (Young's modulus and yield stress). Aluminium foams are produced using salt patterns. This method consists in: (i) the processing of a porous salt pattern (sodium chloride), the density of which is controlled, (ii) the infiltration of this pattern by molten aluminium, (iii) the leaching of the salt. Ln order to vary the foam structure, the pattern is densified using isostatic compaction or sintering; different salt shapes and sizes are also used. The foam structure is characterised by X-ray microtomography and three-dimensional analysis. It is observed that replicated foams display a structural transition as their relative density increases. This transition causes the mechanical behaviour to be unusual. An adaptation of the Gibson and Ashby model is proposed to link the structural transition and the Young's modulus evolutions
Yip, Cheung Sang Yann. "Vers des micromousses stimulables." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440880.
Full textYip, Cheung Sang Yann. "Vers des micromousses stimulables." Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00440880v2/document.
Full textThe study of smart materials, Le. Materials able to response and adapt to external stimuli, has become a very active research field. The aims of this thesis are to create foams made of monodisperse bubbles of micrometer size, and to effectively couple this foam with a magnetic field. This work, which addresses different fields of soft matter physics, has three parts. The first part reports the rheophysical behaviour of aqueous magnetic solutions, made of sodium alginate polyelectrolyte and magnetic nanoparticles. The alginate which is negatively charged has the property to gel in presence of calcium ions. The second part focuses on aqueous foams and monodisperse micrometric bubbles. It first describes the study of the osmotic pressure and transition structures versus the liquid fraction of ordered foam obtained by a microfluidic device (diameter of bubbles: ~ 100 μm). Then, a new and original shrinking method of bubbles is presented in order to create monodisperse micrometric bubbles or droplets. Finally, the third and last part combines the acquired knowledges to get the first magneto-active rigid foams
Cerdan, Florent. "Etude du vieillissement hydrique et des effets de couplages hygro-thermo-mécaniques sur le comportement d'une mousse polyuréthane renforcée par des fibres de verre au sein d'une membrane Mark III." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0028/document.
Full textThe insulation of containment membrane of liquid natural gas carrier using the MarkIII membrane system, consists of load-bearing system made of panels in glass fiber reinforced polyurethane foam. The membrane is designed to resist to mechanical and thermal service load cases. As stated by IGC code regulation, and more specifically in some critical safety scenario, it has to be demonstrated that the cargo containment system will keep its integrity and main functions when subjected to water leakage through the inner hull wall (ballast).The challenge of this study is to appreciate the behavior of the reinforced polyurethane foam in immersion, which could widen the understanding of both water diffusion mechanisms and the impact of water penetration on the properties of the material.The setting up of water sorption tests at ambient temperature, according to three conditioning "free", "blocked" and "coupled" has allowed to identify a swelling law, a loading law and a damage law.In "free" conditioning, the cellular structure and the orientation of glass fibers in XY planes induce an anisotropic hygro-mechanical coupling. The swelling of Z direction has an important impact on the water solubility levels.In "blocked" conditioning, the blocking of the displacement of the faces perpendicular to the Z direction induces an increase in the internal stress levels as a function of the progression of the penetration front. In "coupled" conditioning, the sequence of the water aging and the cryogenic aging causes several damages. The damage degree is proportional to the hygroscopic swelling level of the cellular structure.The impact of these different conditionings on the durability of the material mechanical properties has been evaluated
Saulnier, Laurie. "Étude de la coalescence et du mûrissement dans les mousses liquides : des expériences modèles à différentes échelles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831642.
Full textArangalage, Mélanie. "Moussabilité des mélanges d’huiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2018SORUS128.pdf.
Full textKnowing that the Marangoni effect plays a major role in stabilizing foams produced without surfactant, we have developed an innovative setup in order to study quantitatively Marangoni flows at the surface of a liquid. Moreover, this experiment provides an experimental tool that can detect the presence of surface active agents at liquid/gas interfaces with a high sensitivity. In parallel, we have studied the foamability of binary mixtures of alkane and toluene. Indeed, even though these oils taken separately do not foam, the binary mixture can have a high foamability. In fact, the proportion of the two species at the liquid/gas interface is not the same because the sites at the surface do not have the same energies than the sites in volume. A modification of the thickness of a liquid film composed of a binary mixture would result in a modification of the ratio of the number of sites accessible by molecules surface-to-volume. Such a thinning is thus disadvantaged. Finally, we have studied the foamability of model systems of crude oil, namely solutions composed of asphaltenes dispersed in oil mixtures. Asphaltenes are endogenous colloidal species of crude oils with well-known interfacial properties at water/oil and solid/oil interfaces. Using the setup developed to study the Marangoni effect, we have shown that at concentrations not exceeding 5wt% of asphaltenes, the latter do not adsorb significantly at oil/gas interfaces. However, we demonstrate that the stability of the alkane/toluene foams is increased by the presence of asphaltenes: we suggest that this effect results from the osmotic pressure induced in the liquid films by the colloidal aggregates of asphaltenes
Molle, Boris. "Etude des propriétés dynamiques de structures cellulaires formées dans un système eau/huile/surfactant/alcool." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10249.
Full textBonzom, Valentin. "Géométrie quantique dans les mousses de Spins : de la théorie topologique BF vers la relativité générale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22072/document.
Full textLoop quantum gravity has provided us with a canonical framework especially devised for back-ground independent and diffeomorphism invariant gauge field theories. In this quantization the funda-mental excitations are called spin network states, and in the context of general relativity, they give ameaning to quantum geometry. Spin foams are a sort of path integral for spin network states, supposed to enable the computations of transition amplitudes between these states. The spin foam quantization has proved very efficient for topological field theories, like 2d Yang-Mills, 3d gravity or BF theories. Different models have also been proposed for 4-dimensional quantum gravity.In this PhD manuscript, I discuss several methods to study spin foam models. In particular, I present some recurrence relations on spin foam amplitudes, which generically encode classical symme-tries at the quantum level, and are likely to help fill the gap with the Hamiltonian constraints. These relations can be naturally interpreted in terms of elementary deformations of discrete geometric struc-tures, like simplicial geometries. Another interesting method consists in exploring the way spin foam models can be written as path integrals for systems of geometries on a lattice, taking inspiration from topological models and Regge calculus. This leads to a very geometric view on spin foams, and gives classical action principles which are studied in details
Carrozza, Sylvain. "Tensorial methods and renormalization in Group Field Theories." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112147/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the structure of Group Field Theories (GFTs) from the point of view of renormalization theory.Such quantum field theories are found in approaches to quantum gravity related to Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) on the one hand,and to matrix models and tensor models on the other hand. They model quantum space-time, in the sense that their Feynman amplitudes label triangulations, which can be understood as transition amplitudes between LQG spin network states. The question of renormalizability is crucial if one wants to establish interesting GFTs as well-defined (perturbative) quantum field theories, and in a second step connect them to known infrared gravitational physics. Relying on recently developed tensorial tools, this thesis explores the GFT formalism in two complementary directions. First, new results on the large cut-off expansion of the colored Boulatov-Ooguri models allow to explore further a non-perturbative regime in which infinitely many degrees of freedom contribute. The second set of results provide a new rigorous framework for the renormalization of so-called Tensorial GFTs (TGFTs) with gauge invariance condition. In particular, a non-trivial 3d TGFT with gauge group SU(2) is proven just-renormalizable at the perturbative level, hence opening the way to applications of the formalism to (3d Euclidean) quantum gravity
Pignol, Valérie. "Évolution et caractérisation de structures cellulaires bidimensionnelles expérimentales, en particulier les mousses de savon, et simulées." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717860.
Full textWieland, Wolfgang. "Structure chirale de la gravité quantique à boucles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4094/document.
Full textGeneral relativity is the most precise theory of the gravitational interaction. It is a classical field theory. All matter, on the other hand, follows the rules of quantum theory. At the Planck scale, at about distances of the order of 10E-35 meters, both theories become equally important. Today, theoretical physics lacks a unifying language to explore what happens at this scale, but there are several candidate theories available. Loop quantum gravity is one them, and it is the main topic of this thesis. To see whether a particular proposal is a viable candidate for a quantum theory of the gravitational field it must be free of internal inconsistencies, and agree with all experimental tests of general relativity. This thesis develops mathematical tools to check these
ARADIAN, Achod André. "Quelques problèmes de dynamique d'interfaces molles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001386.
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