Academic literature on the topic 'Mountainous food product'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mountainous food product"
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Mihai, Adriana Laura, Mihaela Multescu, Mioara Negoiță, Gabriela-Andreea Horneț, Ioan Surdu, and Alexandru-Sabin Nicula. "Nutritional characterization of some Romanian mountain products." Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati. Fascicle VI - Food Technology 46, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/foodtechnology.2022.2.08.
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The consumer demand for healthy and natural products lead to the increased interest of consuming mountain food products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical and sensory characteristics of 8 dairy products and 11 meat products collected from different mountainous pastures from Romania. The protein content of dairy products varied between 37.39-47.90% d.m., while the fat content ranged between 43.63-49.57% d.m. For meat products, the protein content and fat content ranged between 11.69-70.07% d.m., and 17.58-95.92 % d.m., respectively. The fatty acid composition of mountain products was influenced by the pasture location, a better PUFA content being determined for products obtained from farms situated at a higher altitude. This research highlights that the quality of mountain products is strongly influenced by the pasture effects, the type of product analyzed and the technological process.
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Suhendar, Akip, and S. Siswanto. "Kerikil as a Diversified Product from Melinjo Skin For Economic Improvement of the Community on Kadu Agung Village [Kerikil sebagai Produk Diversifikasi Olahan Kulit Melinjo untuk Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Kadu Agung]." Proceeding of Community Development 2 (February 21, 2019): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/comdev.2018.299.
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Kadu Agung Village is a mountainous region, the natural wealth of which is agricultural and plantation commodities. The particular one of them is melinjo fruits reaching 60 tons of yield per year. People commonly consume melinjo's leaves as well as the seeds for their daily diets. They cook the leaves for vegetable soup and process the seeds, named tangkil, to be melinjo chips but they waste the fruit skins, kulit tangkil, It is out of question that during harvest season, tons of melinjo skins are dumped in Kadu Agung. Based on this fact, the community service program will carry out a training food diversification to process melinjo skins, kulit tangkil, into a new product that is crackers, named Kerupuk Kulit Tangkil (Kerikil). The method of this activity used is pre-implementation, implementation, and post-implementation. The results of this study are melinjo skin cracker products with good packaging to lift up their selling value. and the improvement of the economy in Kadu Agung of Gunung Sari, Serang.
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Zangerl, Peter, Dagmar Schoder, Frieda Eliskases-Lechner, Abdoulla Zangana, Elisabeth Frohner, Beatrix Stessl, and Martin Wagner. "Monitoring by a Sensitive Liquid-Based Sampling Strategy Reveals a Considerable Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes in Smeared Cheese Production over 10 Years of Testing in Austria." Foods 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10091977.
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Most Austrian dairies and cheese manufacturers participated in a Listeria monitoring program, which was established after the first reports of dairy product-associated listeriosis outbreaks more than thirty years ago. Within the Listeria monitoring program, up to 800 mL of product-associated liquids such as cheese smear or brine are processed in a semi-quantitative approach to increase epidemiological sensitivity. A sampling strategy within cheese production, which detects environmental contamination before it results in problematic food contamination, has benefits for food safety management. The liquid-based sampling strategy was implemented by both industrial cheese makers and small-scale dairies located in the mountainous region of Western Austria. This report considers more than 12,000 Listeria spp. examinations of liquid-based samples in the 2009 to 2018 timeframe. Overall, the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in smear liquid samples was 1.29% and 1.55% (n = 5043 and n = 7194 tested samples) for small and industrial cheese enterprises, respectively. The liquid-based sampling strategy for Listeria monitoring at the plant level appears to be superior to solid surface monitoring. Cheese smear liquids seem to have good utility as an index of the contamination of cheese up to that point in production. A modelling or validation process should be performed for the new semi-quantitative approach to estimate the true impact of the method in terms of reducing Listeria contamination at the cheese plant level.
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Velik, M., I. Gangnat, R. Kitzer, E. Finotti, and A. Steinwidder. "Fattening heifers on continuous pasture in mountainous regions – implications for productivity and meat quality." Czech Journal of Animal Science 58, No. 8 (July 30, 2013): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6902-cjas.
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Economical and ecological issues as well as consumer demand for sustainably produced agricultural food rise the trends to fatten beef cattle on pasture during the grazing season. However, particularly for mountainous regions, implications of turning beef cattle on pasture remain unclear concerning animal performance and product quality. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare short grass grazing with a semi-intensive indoor fattening system in the Alps. Charolais × Simmental heifers of about 300 kg live weight were either fattened on continuous pasture (3–6 mm sward height) and finished in barn (Pasture group) or solely raised in barn on a grass silage-based diet with 2 kg concentrates (Indoor group). Animals were slaughtered at 550 kg live weight. Results showed that continuous pasture with a finishing period in barn allowed as good growth and carcass performance as fattening in barn. Over the whole experiment, average daily gain was 993 g/day in the Pasture group and 1026 g/day in the Indoor group. During the growing period, daily gain was numerically lower in the Pasture group than in the Indoor group (767 g and 936 g, respectively). Carcass fatness of pasture fed animals was lower but within the desirable threshold. Water holding capacity, meat colour, and shear force, an indicator for beef tenderness, were unaffected by feeding practices, but fat colour was more yellow in the Pasture group. Furthermore, meat from animals fattened on pasture had lower intramuscular fat contents and enhanced proportions of nutritionally valuable omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids.
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Basiev, S. S., A. K. Abazov, B. V. Bekmurzov, and A. A. Abaev. "VARIETY FEATURES OF POTATOES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOOTHONE ZONE NOR - ALANIA." Scientific Life 15, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 1321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-10-1321-1332.
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Potatoes are a valuable product and are of great national economic importance. In terms of the amount of nutrients per unit area, potatoes occupy one of the first places among plants cultivated by humans. In the North Caucasus, the production of marketable potatoes is almost entirely concentrated on the farms of the foothill and mountainous regions, which have favorable natural conditions (sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures). The solution of almost all problems of the functioning of the agroindustrial complex is focused on ensuring food security. In solving food security in the country and in individual regions, a large role belongs to the development of such an important branch of agro-industrial production as potato growing. The development of this most important industry in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is possible only on the basis of innovative modernization of potato growing. In the North Caucasus, the production of marketable potatoes is almost entirely concentrated on the farms of the foothill and mountainous regions, which have favorable natural conditions (sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures). The area of potato planting in the region reached 35-40 thousand hectares, and at present in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania there are about 1.5-2.0 thousand hectares under this crop. The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of growth, plant development, heat-drought resistance of various varieties of potatoes in the forest-steppe zone of North OssetiaAlania. As a result of three-year research (2018- 2020), it was found that under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia - Alania, such early-maturing varieties as - Udacha, VR808, Gulliver, Riviera form up to 29.8 to 33.4 t / ha of early harvest potato tubers and are the most adapted varieties to local soil and climatic conditions.
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Huang, Xiaolong, Shuai Han, and Chunxiang Shi. "Multiscale Assessments of Three Reanalysis Temperature Data Systems over China." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (December 19, 2021): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121292.
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Temperature is one of the most important meteorological variables for global climate change and human sustainable development. It plays an important role in agroclimatic regionalization and crop production. To date, temperature data have come from a wide range of sources. A detailed understanding of the reliability and applicability of these data will help us to better carry out research in crop modelling, agricultural ecology and irrigation. In this study, temperature reanalysis products produced by the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS), the U.S. Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis version5 (ERA5)-Land are verified against hourly observations collected from 2265 national automatic weather stations (NAWS) in China for the period 2017–2019. The above three reanalysis systems are advanced and widely used multi-source data fusion and re-analysis systems at present. The station observations have gone through data Quality Control (QC) and are taken as “true values” in the present study. The three reanalysis temperature datasets were spatial interpolated using the bi-linear interpolation method to station locations at each time. By calculating the statistical metrics, the accuracy of the gridded datasets can be evaluated. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Based on the evaluation of temporal variability and spatial distribution as well as correlation and bias analysis, all the three reanalysis products are reasonable in China. (2) Statistically, the CLDAS product has the highest accuracy with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.83 °C. The RMSEs of the other two reanalysis datasets produced by ERA5-Land and GLDAS are 2.72 °C and 2.91 °C, respectively. This result indicates that the CLDAS performs better than ERA5-Land and GLDAS, while ERA5-Land performs better than GLDAS. (3) The accuracy of the data decreases with increasing elevation, which is common for all of the three products. This implies that more caution is needed when using the three reanalysis temperature data in mountainous regions with complex terrain. The major conclusion of this study is that the CLDAS product demonstrates a relatively high reliability, which is of great significance for the study of climate change and forcing crop models.
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Rai, Raj Kumar, Basanta Kumar Neupane, and Kanhaiya Sapkota. "Non-timber Forest Product and its Impacts on Livelihood in the Middle Hill: A Case of Lamjung district, Nepal." Journal of Geography and Geology 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v11n4p29.
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Lamjung is highly rich in its vast and valuable Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) including different kinds of valuable medicinal and aromatic plants. Nepal is a mountainous country, where most of the people are depend on forest resources for their livelihood. Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFPs) plays a crucial role in the rural livelihood. NTFPs serve as a source for their primary health, nutrition, income generation, energy (fuel wood) and material for a social-cultural and religious ceremony. The research was carried out the specific objectives of identification availability NTFPs, Role of NTFP in local livelihood, prospects, and problems to develop NTFP in the study area. The study was carried out in Chiti, Jita and Taksar Village Development Committee (VDC) of Lamjung District. Primary data were collected through Focus Group Discussion, House Hold Survey, Key Informant Interview, use inventory sheet and direct field observation. Secondary data were collected from different DFO office, library, journals, published articles, reports, online reports etc. The quantitative data were analyzed by using appropriate statistical tools. The qualitative data were analyzed by descriptive measure and presented in forms of charts, figure and tables. There were 52 major NTFPs identified in the study area and all respondents have knowledge about NTFPs, but they are not involved to collect NTFP for commercial purpose. They use only household purposes such as firewood for energy, leaf litter for religious purpose, and wild food and fruits are used for domestic use. The main problems of the development of NTFPs people are gradually leaving use traditional knowledge about medicinal plants. Slowly they became dependent at modern product and most of the people are depending on remittance. NTFPs play a safety net role to assist communities in adverse situation such as crop failure under the current change in climate and variability. Most of the people have knowledge about value of NTFPs and traditional knowledge about medicinal herbs, but such a valuable knowledge regarding use value of NTFPs seems to be disappearing into the younger generations.
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Young, Matthew P., Charles J. R. Williams, J. Christine Chiu, Ross I. Maidment, and Shu-Hua Chen. "Investigation of Discrepancies in Satellite Rainfall Estimates over Ethiopia." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 2347–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0111.1.
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Abstract Tropical Applications of Meteorology Using Satellite and Ground-Based Observations (TAMSAT) rainfall estimates are used extensively across Africa for operational rainfall monitoring and food security applications; thus, regional evaluations of TAMSAT are essential to ensure its reliability. This study assesses the performance of TAMSAT rainfall estimates, along with the African Rainfall Climatology (ARC), version 2; the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 product; and the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), against a dense rain gauge network over a mountainous region of Ethiopia. Overall, TAMSAT exhibits good skill in detecting rainy events but underestimates rainfall amount, while ARC underestimates both rainfall amount and rainy event frequency. Meanwhile, TRMM consistently performs best in detecting rainy events and capturing the mean rainfall and seasonal variability, while CMORPH tends to overdetect rainy events. Moreover, the mean difference in daily rainfall between the products and rain gauges shows increasing underestimation with increasing elevation. However, the distribution in satellite–gauge differences demonstrates that although 75% of retrievals underestimate rainfall, up to 25% overestimate rainfall over all elevations. Case studies using high-resolution simulations suggest underestimation in the satellite algorithms is likely due to shallow convection with warm cloud-top temperatures in addition to beam-filling effects in microwave-based retrievals from localized convective cells. The overestimation by IR-based algorithms is attributed to nonraining cirrus with cold cloud-top temperatures. These results stress the importance of understanding regional precipitation systems causing uncertainties in satellite rainfall estimates with a view toward using this knowledge to improve rainfall algorithms.
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Voidarou, Chrysoula (Chrysa), Georgios Rozos, Athanasios Alexopoulos, Stavros Plessas, Ioanna Mantzourani, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Athina Tzora, and Eugenia Bezirtzoglou. "In Vitro Screening Potential Antibacterial Properties of the Greek Oregano Honey against Clinical Isolates of Helicobacter pylori." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071568.
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Oregano honey is an exceedingly rare and distinct product, not commercially available, produced by bees bred in oregano fields of alpine altitudes at the mountainous area of Epirus, Greece. In ethnic popular medicine, this product is used as a therapeutic in various gastric diseases. To test this hypothesis, 14 strains of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), 6 isolated from gastric ulcers and 8 from cases of clinical gastritis, were employed in the present study. The above bacterial strains were exposed to various concentrations (75% v/v, 50% v/v, 25% v/v, 12.5% v/v, and 6% v/v) of 50 oregano honey samples by using the agar well method and the inhibition zones observed around each well were recorded. Although the inhibitory zones of the H. pylori isolated from the gastric ulcers were wide enough (0–34 mm), those strains, in general, appeared more resistant than the other eight (0–58 mm). The same result was observed when the same strains were tested against six antibiotics used in clinical practice. Extracts of oregano honey were prepared by extraction with four different organic solvents. N-hexane and chloroform extracts had the most potent antibacterial action. Finally, pure oregano honey and diethyl ether extracts of honey showed significant inhibitory activity against urease secreted by the pathogen. These results strongly indicate the susceptibility of H. pylori strains to the oregano honey by more than one mode of action. Consequently, this variety of honey seems to have potential therapeutic properties against gastric ulcers and gastritis, thus explaining the preference of the locals towards this traditional remedy.
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Cook, Meghan A., and Pham Duc Phuc. "Review of Biological and Chemical Health Risks Associated with Pork Consumption in Vietnam: Major Pathogens and Hazards Identified in Southeast Asia." Journal of Food Quality 2019 (April 28, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1048092.
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Foodborne illness is a difficult public health burden to measure, with accurate incidence data usually evading disease surveillance systems. Yet, the global scope of foodborne disease and its impacts on socioeconomic development make it an important health risk to address, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Vietnam, rapid development has seen large-scale commercial operations rise to coexist amongst traditional value chains in the food landscape, most of which operates outside of a domestic food safety network. Rapid socioeconomic development has also seen an increase in meat consumption, with pork being the most consumed meat product nationally. Expanding pork value chains, and the increasing diversity of actors within them, facilitates the growth and propagation of hazards which are passed onto Vietnamese consumers. In order to guide illness prevention and governance efforts, this review was conducted to examine health risks associated with pork consumption in Vietnam. Synthesis of the available literature provided evidence that Salmonella spp. bacteria are a major cause of foodborne illness from Vietnamese pork products. However, contaminants of global concern, including Salmonella spp. and Trichinella spiralis, occur alongside those considered neglected tropical diseases, such as Taenia solium. Infections and complications associated with ingestion of Streptococcus suis bacteria are also an issue, with Streptococcus suis infections usually limited to occupational infections amongst meat handlers in modernised value chains. A risk factor underscoring transmission of Trichinella spiralis, Taenia solium, and Streptococcus suis in Vietnam that emerges from the literature is the consumption of dishes containing raw or undercooked pork. Available data indicates that infections associated with raw pork consumption disproportionately affect men and people in regional mountainous areas of northwest Vietnam, where many of Vietnam’s ethnic minority communities reside. In addition, epidemiological data from recorded disease outbreaks that result from raw pork consumption demonstrate that these outbreaks usually follow major sociocultural events such as weddings, funerals, and Lunar New Year celebrations. Potential health impacts resulting from residues of antibiotics and heavy metals are also cause for concern, though the direct links between chemical contaminants in food and the development of disease are difficult to conclusively deduce.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mountainous food product"
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MARESCOTTI, MARIA ELENA. "THE VALORIZATION OF THE MEAT FROM WILD UNGULATES:EVIDENCES FROM AN ITALIAN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/622439.
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In recent years, trends in the population of large wild ungulates (wild boar, red deer, chamois, mouflon) have become worrisome for Italy and many European countries. Ironically, while two decades ago these animals were listed as endangered species, they turned out to be a social cost. In fact, their population is growing with damage to ecosystems, economic losses in forestry and agriculture, increased risk of zoonotic diseases and increased frequency of vehicle collisions. Due to this overpopulation, management and containment strategies have been developed, with a cost to public institutions and an increase in culling rates, and the availability of game meat. Furthermore, according to European trade and safety regulations (Reg. EC No. 178/2002, No. 853/2004 and No. 854/2004), hunters are considered primary food producers (such as farmers and breeders) and, under certain conditions, they can sell the game they harvest.
On the consumers’ side, recent years have seen a notable increase in the popularity of hunted wild game meat among consumers. In fact, large wild ungulate meat has optimal nutritional attributes, can be considered an environmentally friendly and local food and represents a sustainable alternative to intensive livestock production of beef, pork or poultry.
The growing demand and availability of these products has led to a growing number of emerging markets for hunted wild game meat in many developed countries, including Europe. However, expansion of these markets is often hampered by the lack of a structured food supply chain. This is especially the case in Italy where the hunting sector continues to have only a recreational and social connotation.
Also from a scientific point of view, despite the growing potential of the hunting sector, only a few economic studies to date discuss the case of wild game meat, and there is no research examining the Italian context.
All of these premises considered, the present thesis aims to contribute to the possible future development of the Italian local supply chain of wild game meat and is structured as a step-by-step feasibility analysis that takes into consideration all of the involved stakeholders with the final goal of creating this new market. Specifically, the thesis is organized into three different studies, each one developing different aspects of the analysis.
The first study focuses on the primary producer of the game meat, namely, the hunter, trying to estimate the potential market availability and quality of meat of large wild ungulates produced by hunting activities in a local mountainous context.
The second study aims to assess the real economic value of the local supply chain of the hunted wild game meat by performing an exploratory analysis aimed at the quantification of the value transmission along the chain.
Finally, the third study addresses the need to broaden the knowledge of consumers’ attitudes towards hunted wild game meat by profiling Italian consumers and assessing whether their attitudes and perception towards hunted wild game meat, socio-demographic characteristics and objective knowledge affect their intentions to purchase hunted wild game meat products.
The results of this research led to better understand some aspects of the current scenario of the Italian hunted wild game meat sector, with the final aim of understanding if and what types of strategies implement for the promotion of its future development.
Books on the topic "Mountainous food product"
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Cottrell, Richard. The sacred cow: The folly of Europe's food mountains. London: Grafton, 1987.
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Mitford, Timothy Bruce. Discovering Rome's Eastern Frontier. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843425.001.0001.
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An account, primarily academic, of the eastern Roman frontier extending from northern Syria to the western Caucasus, across a remote and desolate region 800 miles from the Aegean. This is the product of solo exploration of sensitive territory in challenging conditions over four decades, to discover the material remains of Rome’s last unexplored frontier. Barely visited and until now effectively unknown, it followed the Euphrates valley, passed over and through two great ranges, and penetrated the harsh mountains, ‘cleansed’ of Armenians and Greeks, of Armenia Minor and south of the Black Sea. From Trapezus a chain of forts stretched along the Pontic coast to the foothills of the Caucasus. The geographical framework introduces frontier installations as they occur: fortresses and forts, roads, bridges, signalling stations, and navigation of the Euphrates. It is illustrated with large-scale maps, observations of consuls and travellers, memories of Turkish and Kurdish villagers, notes and photographs of a way of life little changed since antiquity, and encounters with the modern world. The process of discovery was mainly on foot, with local guides and staying in villages, following ancient tracks, and conversing with great numbers of people – provincial and district governors, village elders and teachers, police and jandarma, farmers and shepherds, and everyone else. So there are encounters with treasure hunters and apparent bandits; arrests and death threats; Armenian massacres and crypto-Christians; memories of saints, caravans and the Russian advance in 1916; tensions between Kurds and Turks; the menace of the PKK; escorts and village guards; birds, bears and wild boars; rafts and fishing; earthquakes.
Book chapters on the topic "Mountainous food product"
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Güemes-Vera, N., S. Soto-Simental, M. I. Reyes-Santamaria, and J. F. Hernández-Chávez. "Physicochemical Characterization of Regional Breads Produced in the Northern Mountains of Puebla State, Mexico." In Food Engineering Series, 605–9. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2578-0_57.
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Reetsch, Anika, Didas Kimaro, Karl-Heinz Feger, and Kai Schwärzel. "Traditional and Adapted Composting Practices Applied in Smallholder Banana-Coffee-Based Farming Systems: Case Studies from Kagera and Morogoro Regions, Tanzania." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 165–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_8.
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AbstractIn Tanzania, about 90% of the banana-coffee-based farming systems lie in the hands of smallholder farmer families. In these systems, smallholder farmers traditionally add farm waste to crop fields, making soils rich in organic matter (humus) and plant-available nutrients. Correspondingly, soils remained fertile during cultivation for over a century. Since the 1960s, the increasing demand for food and biofuels of a growing population has resulted in an overuse of these farming systems, which has occurred in tandem with deforestation, omitted fallows, declined farm size, and soil erosion. Hence, humus and nutrient contents in soils have decreased and soils gradually degraded. Inadequate use of farm waste has led to a further reduction in soil fertility, as less organic material is added to the soils for nutrient supply than is removed during harvesting. Acknowledging that the traditional use of farm waste successfully built up soil fertility over a century and has been reduced in only a few decades, we argue that traditional composting practices can play a key role in rebuilding soil fertility, if such practices are adapted to face the modern challenges. In this chapter, we discuss two cases in Tanzania: one on the traditional use of compost in the Kagera region (Great African Rift Valley) and another about adapted practices to produce compost manure in the Morogoro region (Uluguru Mountains). Both cases refer to rainfed, smallholder banana-coffee-based farming systems. To conclude, optimised composting practices enable the replenishment of soil nutrients, increase the capacity of soils to store plant-available nutrients and water and thus, enhance soil fertility and food production in degraded banana-coffee-based farming systems. We further conclude that future research is needed on a) nutrient cycling in farms implementing different composting practices and on b) socio-economic analyses of farm households that do not successfully restore soil fertility through composting.
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Price, T. Douglas. "The First Farmers." In Europe before Rome. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199914708.003.0007.
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The origins and spread of agriculture and a Neolithic way of life marked a major turning point in the evolution of human society. Farming changed everything. Our heritage as food collectors, consuming the wild products of the earth, extends back millions of years. Nevertheless, at the end of the Pleistocene some human groups began to produce their own food rather than collect it, to domesticate and control wild plants and animals, achieving what is perhaps the most remarkable transformation in our entire human past. Agriculture is a way of obtaining food that involves domesticated plants and animals. But the transition to farming is much more than simple herding or cultivation. It also entails major, long-term changes in the structure and organization of the societies that adopt this new way of life, as well as a totally new relationship with the environment. Hunters and gatherers largely live off the land in an extensive fashion, generally exploiting diverse resources over a broad area; farmers intensively use a smaller portion of the landscape and create a milieu that suits their needs. With the transition to agriculture, humans began to truly change their environment. Cultivation of plants and herding of animals, village society, and pottery did not originate in Europe. Domestication arrived from the ancient Near East. The Neolithic began in southwest Asia some 11,000 years ago and eventually spread into the European continent, carried by expanding populations of farmers. The mountains of western Iran and southern Turkey and the uplands of the Levant (the coastal region of the far eastern part of the Mediterranean, from the northeastern Sinai Peninsula through modern Israel, Lebanon, and Syria, and west along the modern Turkish coast) form an elevated zone somewhat cooler and wetter than much of the Near East. The area has been described as the Fertile Crescent. A variety of wild plants grow in abundance. This region was the natural habitat of many of the wild ancestors of the first species of plants and animals to be domesticated at the end of the Pleistocene: the wild wheats and barleys, the wild legumes, and the wild sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle that began to be exploited in large numbers at the origins of agriculture.
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Welch, J. L., B. Z. Foreman, D. Malone, and J. Craddock. "Provenance of early Paleogene strata in the Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA): Implications for Laramide tectonism and basin-scale stratigraphic patterns." In Tectonic Evolution of the Sevier-Laramide Hinterland, Thrust Belt, and Foreland, and Postorogenic Slab Rollback (180–20 Ma). Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2022.2555(09).
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ABSTRACT The Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA) contains some of the most extensively exposed and studied nonmarine early Paleogene strata in the world. Over a century of research has produced a highly resolved record of early Paleogene terrestrial climatic and biotic change as well as extensive documentation of spatiotemporal variability in basin-scale stratigraphy. The basin also offers the opportunity to integrate these data with the uplift and erosional history of the adjacent Laramide ranges. Herein, we provide a comprehensive provenance analysis of the early Paleogene Fort Union and Willwood Formations in the Bighorn Basin from paleocurrent measurements (n > 550 measurements), sandstone compositions (n = 76 thin sections), and U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology (n = 2631 new and compiled age determinations) obtained from fluvial sand bodies distributed widely across the basin. Broadly, we observed data consistent with (1) erosion of Mesozoic strata from the Bighorn and Owl Creek Mountains and transport into the eastern and southern basin; (2) erosion of Paleozoic sedimentary cover and crystalline basement from the Beartooth Mountains eastward into the northern Bighorn Basin; (3) conglomeratic fluxes of sediment from the Teton Range or Sevier fold-and-thrust belt to the southwestern Bighorn Basin; and (4) potential sediment provision to the basin via the Absaroka Basin that was ultimately derived from more distal sources in the Tobacco Root Mountains and Madison Range. Similar to previous studies, we found evidence for a system of transverse rivers contributing water and sediment to an axial river system that drained north into southern Montana during both the Paleocene and Eocene. Within our paleodrainage and provenance reconstruction, the basin-scale patterns in stratigraphy within the Fort Union and Willwood Formations appear to have been largely driven by catchment size and the lithologies eroded from the associated highlands. Mudrock-dominated strata in the eastern and southeastern Bighorn Basin were caused by comparably smaller catchment areas and the finer-grained siliciclastic strata eroded from nearby ranges. The conglomeratic and sand-dominated strata of the southwestern area of the Bighorn Basin were caused by large, braided fluvial systems with catchments that extended into the Sevier thrust belt, where more resistant source lithologies, including Neoproterozoic quartzites, were eroded. The northernmost early Paleogene strata represent the coalescence of these fluvial systems as well as rivers and catchments that extended into southwestern Montana that contained more resistant, crystalline lithologies. These factors generated the thick, laterally extensive fluvial sand bodies common in that area of the basin. When combined with provenance patterns in adjacent Laramide basins, our data indicate asymmetric unroofing histories on either side of the Bighorn and Owl Creek Mountains. The Powder River Basin to the east of the Bighorn Mountains displays a clear Precambrian crystalline provenance, and the Wind River Basin to the south of the Owl Creek Mountains displays provenance similarities to Lower Paleozoic strata, in contrast to provenance in the Bighorn Basin, which indicates less substantial unroofing. We infer that the differing unroofing histories are due to the dominant vergence direction of the underlying basement reverse faults. Overall, this provenance pattern persisted until ca. 50 Ma, when more proximal igneous and volcaniclastic units associated with the Absaroka and Challis volcanics became major sediment sources and the Idaho River system became the dominant transport system in the area.
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Rey, Radu. "The mountains in the post-Covid and “European Green Pact” (Green-Deal) context. A “scenario” regarding the ways of sustainably capitalizing the food – high quality “mountain product” - resource with applicability in Romania’s mountains and the mountains of other – emerging – countries from and aspiring to the EU." In ”The crisis after the crisis. When and how the New Normal will be”, 594–609. Sciendo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/9788366675889-091.
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Ogallo, Laban A., and Silvery B. Otengi. "Monitoring Agricultural Drought: The Case of Kenya." In Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162349.003.0028.
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Agriculture is the mainstay of Kenya’s economic development and accounts for about 30% of the country’s gross domestic product, 60% of export earnings, and 70% of the labor force. This sector is the largest source of employment (Government of Kenya, 1995). More than 85% of the population survives in one way or the other on agricultural activities (crops and livestock). Agriculture in Kenya is mainly rain-fed, with little irrigation. About 46% of the rural population live below the poverty line, with 70% of them below food poverty line. Like many parts of the tropics, the majority of agricultural activities in Kenya are rain dependent. Small-scale farmers, pastoralists, and wildlife are most often affected by drought, with crops withering and livestock as well as wildlife dying. Drought of more than one season overwhelms the social fabric, as crops, livestock, wild animals, and humans die. Such droughts affect pastoral communities (e.g., the Masai in Kenya and Tanzania) by killing livestock and game animals, forcing these communities to invade the nearby towns and cities to find remnants of patches of grass still left there or grass growing at the roadsides. The death of game animals affects ecotourism. Interannual climate variability that often leads to the recurrence of climate extremes such as droughts has far-reaching impacts on agricultural production. Figure 18.1 shows below-normal rainfall during different years that are often associated with droughts in Kenya. These rainfall deficits are caused by the anomalies in the circulation patterns that can extend from local or regional to very large scales. Some patterns that are responsible for spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall in Kenya include the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), subtropical anticyclones, monsoonal wind systems, tropical cyclones, easterly/westerly wave perturbations, subtropical jet streams, East African low-level jet stream, extratropical weather systems, teleconnection with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and quasi-biennial oscillation (Ogallo, 1988, 1991, 1994). In addition, complex physical features such as large inland lakes, mountains, and complex orographic patterns (e.g., the Great Rift Valley) influence rainfall patterns. Lake Victoria in western Kenya is also one of the largest freshwater lakes in the world and has its own strong circulation patterns in space and time.
Conference papers on the topic "Mountainous food product"
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Qiu, Lihui, Xiaonan Zhang, Kunsheng Zhang, and Zeyu He. "Study on Rural Tourism Product Development in Xi'an Section of Northern Foot of Qinling Mountains from the Perspective of Experience." In 3rd International Conference on Judicial, Administrative and Humanitarian Problems of State Structures and Economic Subjects (JAHP 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jahp-18.2018.80.
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