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Journal articles on the topic 'Mountain'
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1
Kechev, M., S. Naglis, and O. P. Negrobov. "A new species Chrysotus hubenovi and new data on the family Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Bulgaria." Zoosystematica Rossica 31, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2022.31.1.27.
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Chrysotus hubenovi sp. nov. is described from the West Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria. In addition, the records of 37 dolichopodid species are given for seven mountains or mountain massifs in Bulgaria. Sixteen species are recorded as new to the Pirin Mountains, four are new to the Lozenska Mountain, four are new to the Milevska Mountain, two are new to the Konyavska Planina Mountain, five are new to the Vitosha Mountain, five are new to the West Rhodope Mountains, and one species is new to the Belasitsa Mountain. The distribution of 210 dolichopodid species by the altitudinal zones and vegetation belts of Bulgaria is reviewed and briefly discussed.
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Vasileva, Vanya. "Mountain tourism in Bulgaria." Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 40 (April 3, 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jbgs.2019.40.8.
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Mountains are one of the most attractive tourist forms for tourism. Bulgaria has over 30 mountains. It fall entirely or partially on it teritory. Tourism practiced in the mountains is generally referred as mountain tourism. This conception includs various of tourism activities practiced in mountain conditions. The aim of this paper is to expose specifics in the current state of tourism in the Bulgarian mountains. It is maked overview of the main types of tourism practiced in mountain conditions and specifics in the mountainous tourist infrastructure and superstructure. Bulgarian mountains are typed according to their degree of utilization for the needs of tourism.
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Knight, Jasper. "Scientists’ warning of the impacts of climate change on mountains." PeerJ 10 (October 24, 2022): e14253. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14253.
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Mountains are highly diverse in areal extent, geological and climatic context, ecosystems and human activity. As such, mountain environments worldwide are particularly sensitive to the effects of anthropogenic climate change (global warming) as a result of their unique heat balance properties and the presence of climatically-sensitive snow, ice, permafrost and ecosystems. Consequently, mountain systems—in particular cryospheric ones—are currently undergoing unprecedented changes in the Anthropocene. This study identifies and discusses four of the major properties of mountains upon which anthropogenic climate change can impact, and indeed is already doing so. These properties are: the changing mountain cryosphere of glaciers and permafrost; mountain hazards and risk; mountain ecosystems and their services; and mountain communities and infrastructure. It is notable that changes in these different mountain properties do not follow a predictable trajectory of evolution in response to anthropogenic climate change. This demonstrates that different elements of mountain systems exhibit different sensitivities to forcing. The interconnections between these different properties highlight that mountains should be considered as integrated biophysical systems, of which human activity is part. Interrelationships between these mountain properties are discussed through a model of mountain socio-biophysical systems, which provides a framework for examining climate impacts and vulnerabilities. Managing the risks associated with ongoing climate change in mountains requires an integrated approach to climate change impacts monitoring and management.
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Chakraborty, Abhik. "Mountains as a Global Heritage: Arguments for Conserving the Natural Diversity of Mountain Regions." Heritage 3, no. 2 (April 12, 2020): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3020012.
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This concise review posits the urgent need for conserving the natural diversity of mountain environments by envisioning mountains as a global natural heritage. Mountains are recognized as cradles of biodiversity and for their important ecosystem services. Mountains also constitute the second most popular outdoor destination category at the global level after islands and beaches. However, in the current age of accelerating global environmental change, mountain systems face unprecedented change in their ecological characteristics, and consequent effects will extend to the millions who depend directly on ecosystem services from mountains. Moreover, growing tourism is putting fragile mountain ecosystems under increasing stress. This situation requires scientists and mountain area management stakeholders to come together in order to protect mountains as a global heritage. By underlining the salient natural diversity characteristics of mountains and their relevance for understanding global environmental change, this critical review argues that it is important to appreciate both biotic and abiotic diversity features of mountains in order to create a notion of mountains as a shared heritage for humanity. Accordingly, the development of soft infrastructure that can communicate the essence of mountain destinations and a committed network of scientists and tourism scholars working together at the global level are required for safeguarding this shared heritage.
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Krasniqi, Elez, and Fadil Millaku. "The Association Hyperico-Euphorbietum Glabriflorae Rexhepi 1978 in the Serpentine Terrains of Drenica Mountain." Hacquetia 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10028-007-0008-6.
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The AssociationHyperico-Euphorbietum GlabrifloraeRexhepi 1978 in the Serpentine Terrains of Drenica MountainIn the territory of Kosovo there are many serpentine mountain massifs. The largest complexes are found in the valley of the Ibër River, and the same are continued in a discontinuous chain through Koznica and Golesh to the southwest of the territory of Kosovo. Vegetation on the serpentine bedrock is rich in rare species and communities, which cannot be found in the Balkans and Europe. The communities appearing on the serpentine bedrock are characteristic and important for science. They are endemic due to the presence of endemic species in their species composition. Drenica Mountain (1051 m) is part of the Central Kosovo Mountains. These terrains are situated in the central part of Kosovo, between Çiçavica, Kosovo plain (Golesh), Llapusha, the Carraleva Mountains and the Anadrini region. A considerable part of these areas consists of serpentine bedrock, which is covered by interesting flora and vegetation. In the vegetation of Drenica Mountain 10 communities have been identified. Two of them are found on serpentine bedrock: ass.Hyperico-Euphorbietum glabrifloraeand ass.Potentillo-Fumanetum bonapartei. These communities belong to the open space, and are also located in other parts of Kosovo, but only on serpentine bedrock. On Drenica Mountain there are two localities where these two communities appear. In this paper we focus in particular on ass.Hyperico-Euphorbietum glabriflorae
6
Lehmann, Benita. "Jennifer Peedom's Mountain as a City Symphony." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i2.100.
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This article explores Jennifer Peedom’s film Mountain (2017) through the lens of the city symphony in view of structural, aesthetic, and thematic parallels between mountain and city symphony films. Analyzing Mountain in the generic context of the city symphony film draws attention to the deep structural links between urban centers and mountains, and their shared technological and urban infrastructures. This appraoch also harnesses the potential of film studies to revise dominant perceptions of mountains and can help viewers understand mountains as places of density and as dense networks that are developed by technological infrastructure and informed by dense technological, social, and cultural networks. By drawing on media ecology, actor-network theory, and media archeology, I will show that, similar to city symphonies, Mountain explores collective networks beyond the human realm to shed light on mountains as cultural spaces, geological manifestations, and eco-social realities. In so doing, Mountain tries to help humans to come to terms with the deep temporalities of alpine spaces and their technological mediations.
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Lehmann, Benita. "Jennifer Peedom's Mountain as a City Symphony." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i2.100.
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This article explores Jennifer Peedom’s film Mountain (2017) through the lens of the city symphony in view of structural, aesthetic, and thematic parallels between mountain and city symphony films. Analyzing Mountain in the generic context of the city symphony film draws attention to the deep structural links between urban centers and mountains, and their shared technological and urban infrastructures. This appraoch also harnesses the potential of film studies to revise dominant perceptions of mountains and can help viewers understand mountains as places of density and as dense networks that are developed by technological infrastructure and informed by dense technological, social, and cultural networks. By drawing on media ecology, actor-network theory, and media archeology, I will show that, similar to city symphonies, Mountain explores collective networks beyond the human realm to shed light on mountains as cultural spaces, geological manifestations, and eco-social realities. In so doing, Mountain tries to help humans to come to terms with the deep temporalities of alpine spaces and their technological mediations.
8
Lehmann, Benita. "Jennifer Peedom's Mountain as a City Symphony." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i2.100.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores Jennifer Peedom’s film Mountain (2017) through the lens of the city symphony in view of structural, aesthetic, and thematic parallels between mountain and city symphony films. Analyzing Mountain in the generic context of the city symphony film draws attention to the deep structural links between urban centers and mountains, and their shared technological and urban infrastructures. This appraoch also harnesses the potential of film studies to revise dominant perceptions of mountains and can help viewers understand mountains as places of density and as dense networks that are developed by technological infrastructure and informed by dense technological, social, and cultural networks. By drawing on media ecology, actor-network theory, and media archeology, I will show that, similar to city symphonies, Mountain explores collective networks beyond the human realm to shed light on mountains as cultural spaces, geological manifestations, and eco-social realities. In so doing, Mountain tries to help humans to come to terms with the deep temporalities of alpine spaces and their technological mediations.
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Myrie, Ameka, Tannice Hall, Denneko Luke, Bhaskar Rao Chinthapalli, Paula Tennant, and Dwight Robinson. "Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Activity and Infestation in the High Mountain and Blue Mountain Regions of Jamaica." Insects 14, no. 8 (August 5, 2023): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14080694.
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Jamaica produces coffee marketed as Blue Mountain and high mountain (grown outside the Blue Mountains). Since the discovery of the coffee berry borer (CBB; Hypothenemus hampei) in Jamaica in 1978, chemical control has traditionally been the primary approach used to protect the crop from the pest. However, in the last 20 years, there has been an effort to shift towards more sustainable management strategies. The study was conducted to determine CBB activity (trap catch) and field infestation on coffee farms in the high mountains and Blue Mountains of Jamaica, over a crop cycle. A total of 27,929 and 12,921 CBBs were captured at high mountain and Blue Mountain farms, respectively. Peak CBB activity occurred in April in the high mountain region (365 CBBs/trap/month) and February in the Blue Mountain region (129 CBBs/trap/month). The highest levels of infestation were in November (33%) and October (34%) in the high mountain region and Blue Mountain region, respectively. There was no significant difference in the patterns of CBB activity and infestation between the study locations, and neither were related to the temperature or relative humidity. However, there was a significant relationship with rainfall. These data suggest that the population dynamics of the CBB may involve complex interactions among weather conditions, berry development, and agronomic practices.
10
Aplada, E., Th Georgiadis, A. Tiniakou, and M. Theocharopoulos. "PHYTOGEOGRAPHY AND ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE FLORA AND VEGETATION OF MT PARNITHA (ATTICA, GREECE)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 64, no. 2 (July 2007): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096042860700087x.
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AbstractMt Parnitha is located in Sterea Ellas (Central Greece) and is the highest mountain in the vicinity of Athens. Its wild vascular flora comprises 1096 taxa belonging to 90 families, of which 122 taxa and four families are reported here for the first time. The endemic element comprises 92 Greek, 42 Balkan and 18 Italian–Balkan–Anatolian taxa. Four Greek and three Balkan endemics are new records for the mountain. The predominance of the Mediterranean element (63.6%) and the therophytes (37.6%) underlines the Mediterranean character of the mountain's flora. The endemic elements of Mt Parnitha are presented, their protection status is mentioned and the phytogeographical affinity with neighbouring mountains is examined. Three vegetation zones and 17 habitat types within them have been identified, and those facing threats are indicated. Although the mountain is a National Park, several factors influence its flora and vegetation, the most important being its proximity to Athens.
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Nesic, Dragan, Srdjan Belij, and Bosko Milovanovic. "Periglacial relief of Crnook (southeast Serbia)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 92, no. 1 (2012): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1201071n.
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This paper presents the results of geomorphological research of the periglacial relief on mountain Crnook (1881 m) in Southeast Serbia. The results have showed the significant presence of modern periglacial morphology on this mountain which is developing in azonal conditions of a periglacial mountain environment. Research results from Crnook are significant because they represent the continuation of similar studies on medium-high mountains of Serbia (Kopaonik, Stara Planina). Based on a comparison of data from Kopaonik, Stara Planina and Crnook (Nesic D., Milincic M., 2004; Belij S. et al., 2008; Nesic D. et al., 2009; Nesic D., 2009), it can be concluded that in similar climatic frameworks with a significant share of anthropogenic activities, in terms of reducing the forest area in the highest parts of a mountain, similar modern periglacial processes develop on mountains as an indicator of azonal or boundary development framework of modern mountain periglacial environment. During 2006-07, the project "Modern periglacial geomorphic landforms on the mountains of Serbia" was initiated and the field research was conducted on the high mountains of Serbia (Stara Planina, Kopaonik, Kucaj, Beljanica, Zlatibor), and the mountains of Southeast Serbia (Vardenik, Besna Kobila, Dukat i Crnook).
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Denysyk, Grygorij. "Anthropogenic landscapes of mountain system sin Ukraine: study prospects." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 48 (December 23, 2014): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1345.
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The present state and justified study possible ways of anthropogenic landscapes mountain systems of Ukraine – Carpathian and Crimean. On the basis of landscape maps of these mountain systems, it is proposed to make detailed studies of frame – residential and road, background – forest and meadow pasture and humanistic – recreational and sacred landscapes of Ukrainian Carpathians and the Crimean Mountains. Based on these studies substantiate the main ways to improve these modern landscapes mountain systems and to develop measures for their management and protection. Key words: Mountain ranges, the Carpathians, the Crimean Mountains, anthropogenic landscape, study, rational use.
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Kolbuszewski, Jacek. "Uwagi o początkach „literatury górskiej”." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 14 (August 17, 2021): 11–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.14.3.
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One of characteristic phenomena in contemporary Polish literary culture is the emergence of a niche phenomenon of mountain literature. The term “mountain literature” has become part of colloquial discourse, also aspiring to be present in the language of literature studies (including literary criticism), which previously featured terms like “Alpine literature”, “mountaineering literature”, “Tatra literature”, “Tatra prose”. Other commonly used terms were “mountain climbing literature” and “exploration literature”. The term “Alpine literature” was introduced into scholarly discourse by Claire-Éliane Engel (1903–1976). The author of the present study points to links between the history of mountain literature, and the history of mountain exploration as well as history of tourism and mountaineering, referring to the literary traditions of various mountain ranges: the Alps, the Tatras, Karkonosze (Giant Mountains), Bieszczady, Gorce, Beskids, Góry Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross Mountains). In addition, there are strands of research dealing with a typological analysis of mountain motifs and their function. The significance of such studies lies in the fact that they demonstrate in a clear manner the introduction of mountain motifs into literature and the evolution of the artistic forms of their expression. However, transformations in the literary approach to the mountains cannot be documented only by means of a territorial selection of specific motifs, and the whole question of depicting mountains and responding to them cannot be locked within the limited framework of the various national literatures. What is useful in this respect is a comprehensive comparative approach to the subject matter, interpreted both in the synchronic (formation of attitudes) and diachronic perspective (so-called influences, impact of models, borrowing of poetics also in connection with changes in tourist or mountaineering styles). What becomes of crucial significance here is the use of more general categories and comprehensive collective terms — mountain literature, mountaineering literature, mountain climbing literature. These categories encompass works dealing primarily with the mountains and human interactions with them. They bring in a supranational and supraterritorial understanding of the subject of mountains, without limiting the role of territorial detail in the construction of literary motifs and images. In defining mountain literature the author uses the classification of the function of nature motifs in literary works presented by Tadeusz Makowiecki in Sprawozdania Towarzystwa Naukowego w Toruniu in 1951, in his article “Funkcja motywu przyrody w dziele literackim” (Function of a nature motif in a literary work).1 On the other hand, when it comes to the phenomena discussed in the study, what is representative of fiction is a type of narrative genre known as mountain novel (roman de montagne, Bergroman). Referring to archetypic formulas of mountain literature (Dante, Petrarch, Salomon Gessner, Jean A. Deluc, H.B. de Saussure), the author points to their formal aspects: thematic-substantive, linguistic and genological. In addition, he discusses the emergence of mountaineering literature (Edward Whymper, Leslie Stephen, Polish mountaineers’ prose).
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Sebestyén, Zsolt. "Hegy- és településnevek a Felső-Tisza-vidéken." Névtani Értesítő 38 (December 29, 2016): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2016.12.
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Research into the mountain names of historical Hungary has been a neglected area of Hungarian Onomastics to date. However, mountains as important objects of the natural environment have significantly influenced the development of both settlement structure and settlement names for centuries. The results of the author’s research into the names for mountains and those for settlements in the area of four former, northeast counties (Bereg, Máramaros, Ugocsa and Ung) suggest that several minor settlements were named by way of borrowing mountain names – especially in Máramaros County. These peripheral populated places were usually established on mountainsides, thus easily adopted the names of the mountains themselves. Different types of mountain names were involved in the process. Most settlement names were formed from mountain names that were derived from suffixless geographical common nouns through a semantic split. Two-constituent mountain names, however, rarely served as bases for settlement names. Only few Hungarian names can be found among the mountain names of the observed region, as in the Middle Ages the highlands in question were inhabited by Ruthenians and Romanians, while Hungarians mostly settled flat areas. As a result, settlement names formed from mountain names of Hungarian origin were also rare in the four counties mentioned above.
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Ollier, C. D., and C. F. Pain. "Neotectonic mountain uplift and geomorphology." Geomorphology RAS, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0435-4281201943-26.
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Mountains are topographic features caused by erosion after vertical uplift or mountain building. Mountain building is often confused with orogeny, which today means the formation of structures in fold belts. The common assumption that folding and mountain building go together is generally untrue. Many mountains occur in unfolded rocks, granites and volcanic rocks, so there is no direct association of folding and mountain building. In those places where mountains are underlain by folded rocks the folding pre-dates planation and uplift. The age of mountains is therefore not the age of the last folding (if any) but the age of vertical uplift. Since mountains are not restricted to folded rocks, lateral compression is not required to explain the uplift.
A compilation of times of uplift of mountains around the world shows that a major phase of tectonic uplift started about 6 Ma, and much uplift occurred in the last 2 Ma. This period is known as the Neotectonic Period. It is a global phenomenon including mountains on passive continental margins, and those in deep continental interiors. Several hypotheses of mountain building have problems with this timing. Some fail by being only able to make mountains out of folded rock at continental margins. Many translate the vertical uplift into lateral compression, but vertical uplift alone can create mountains.
The Neotectonic Period has important implications for geomorphology, climate and global tectonics. In geomorphology it does not fit into conventional theories of geomorphology such as Davisian or King cycles of erosion. Neotectonic uplift might initiate several cycles of erosion, but most planation surfaces are much older than the Neotectonic Period. The increasing relief associated with Neotectonic uplift affected rates of erosion and sedimentation, and also late Cenozoic climate.
The Neotectonic Period does not fit within plate tectonics theory, in which mountains are explained as a result of compression at active margins: mountains in other locations are said to have been caused by the same process but further back in time. This is disproved by the young age of uplift of mountains in intercontinental and passive margin positions. Subduction is supposed to have been continuous for hundreds of millions of years, so fails to explain the world-wide uplifts in just a few million years.
Geomorphologists should be guided by their own findings, and refrain from theory-driven hypotheses of plate collision or landscape evolution.
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Geist, Andrew, and James C. VanderKam. "The Four Places That Belong to the Lord (Jubilees 4.26)." Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 22, no. 2 (November 13, 2012): 146–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951820712467877.
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This article argues that the original name for the mountain on which Enoch made his offering in Eden was the mountain of incense ( Jub. 4.25) and that it and the first mountain in 4.26 (the mountain of Eden/Paradise) are the same mountain. The second mountain in 4.26, the mountain of the east, is Mt Lubar where the ark landed at the end of the flood and where Noah lived until his death. All four mountains in 4.26 are places where God had or would specially reveal himself to chosen individuals and for that reason were holy to the Lord.
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Ehrlich, Daniele, Michele Melchiorri, and Claudia Capitani. "Population Trends and Urbanisation in Mountain Ranges of the World." Land 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030255.
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This study assesses the global mountain population, population change over the 1975–2015 time-range, and urbanisation for 2015. The work uses the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) definition of mountain areas combined with that of mountain range outlines generated by the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA). We estimated population change from the Global Human Settlement Layer Population spatial grids, a set of population density layers used to measure human presence and urbanisation on planet Earth. We show that the global mountain population has increased from over 550 million in 1975 to over 1050 million in 2015. The population is concentrated in mountain ranges at low latitudes. The most populated mountain ranges are also the most urbanised and those that grow most. Urbanisation in mountains (66%) is lower than that of lowlands (78%). However, 34% of the population in mountains live in cities, 31% in towns and semi-dense areas, and 35% in rural areas. The urbanisation rate varies considerably across ranges. The assessments of population total, population trends, and urbanisation may be used to address the issue “not to leave mountain people behind” in the sustainable development process and to understand trajectories of change.
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Jung, Thomas S., Brian G. Slough, David W. Nagorsen, and Piia M. Kukka. "New records of the Ogilvie Mountains Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx nunatakensis) in central Yukon." Canadian Field-Naturalist 128, no. 3 (October 16, 2014): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v128i3.1605.
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The Ogilvie Mountain Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx nunatakensis Youngman, 1967), reported only from the Ogilvie Mountains of central Yukon, is among the least known mammals in Canada. It was first discovered in 1961 and, since then, only 13 specimens had been collected, all from one mountain, in central Yukon. We conducted a targeted survey to determine the distribution of the species by trapping areas of apparently suitable habitat on 12 mountains within 40 km of the known location. Many of our traps were disabled by other mammals; however, we captured three Ogilvie Mountain Collared Lemmings on two mountains 25.9 km and 29.6 km from the original location. Our findings suggest that this lemming may be more widely distributed than indicated by earlier specimens. We suggest further surveys to delineate the range of the Ogilvie Mountain Collared Lemming.
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Gaffin, David M. "On High Winds and Foehn Warming Associated with Mountain-Wave Events in the Western Foothills of the Southern Appalachian Mountains." Weather and Forecasting 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008waf2007096.1.
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Abstract Extremely high winds of 40–49 m s−1 [90–110 miles per hour (mph)] were reported across the western foothills of the southern Appalachian Mountains on 22–23 December 2004, 17 October 2006, 24–25 February 2007, and 1 March 2007. The high winds in all four of these events were determined to be the result of mountain waves, as strong southeast winds became perpendicular to the mountains with a stable boundary layer present below 750 hPa and a veering wind profile that increased with height. Adiabatic warming of the descending southeasterly winds was also observed at the Knoxville airport during all four events (although of varying intensities), with the 850-hPa air mass immediately upwind of the Smoky Mountains determined to be the source region of these foehn winds. An interesting similarity among these four events was the location of the strongest 850-hPa winds northwest of the region, with a rapidly decreasing speed gradient observed over the mountains. These 850-hPa winds northwest of the mountains were also stronger than the 700-hPa winds in the region. It was hypothesized that strong low-level divergence developed in the foothills, as the stronger 850-hPa winds on the western side accelerated away from the mountains while the mountains prevented a rapid return flow from the eastern side. This low-level divergence likely helped to further strengthen the mountain-wave-induced mesolow and high winds in the western foothills. A 12-yr climatology of high wind events induced by mountain waves at Cove Mountain was also constructed. This climatology revealed that these events occurred primarily at night between November and March. Composite maps of mountain-wave events that produced warning-level and advisory-level winds revealed that an axis of stronger 850-hPa winds was typically located west of the mountains (away from the foothills). This finding (using reanalysis data instead of model data) further suggested that low-level divergence normally contributed to the intensity of mountain-wave-induced mesolows and winds in the western foothills of the southern Appalachian Mountains.
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Meister, Michael W. "Mountain Temples and Temple-Mountains: Masrur." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068237.
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In the first half of the eighth century, Indian craftsmen cut back a high ridge of sandstone, its back to the Beās River and the plains beyond, and carved a grand temple-complex facing northeast toward the Dhauladhar range, the first outcropping of the great Himalayan Mountains. Never completed, and damaged by successive earthquakes that sheered the stone and folded parts of the complex back into the hill, the temple at Masrur-in the modern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh-seems today half returned to its primordial condition. Its ground plan, partial section, and a roof plan, drawn by an unidentified Indian draftsman, were published in the second decade of the twentieth century, but scholarship since has neglected and misrepresented the site. It is possible to reconstruct the intention of the planning of this important complex, however, and to reposition it in a historical and symbolic context. Its creation not only marked a movement of political power into the hills in the eighth century, but also mapped cosmological power and kingship in a new way. The metaphor of temple as mountain runs throughout India's traditions of building, but, as this article demonstrates, the temple at Masrur, beyond all others from the Indian subcontinent, provides the antecedent and conceptual model for the great "temple-mountains" of Cambodia soon to be built by kings in southeast Asia.
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Yuldashev, Gulam, Murojon Isagaliev, and Vladimir Goncharov. "Agrophysics peculiarity of brown mountain-forest soils of Ferghana valley." АгроЭкоИнфо 2, no. 56 (April 25, 2023): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202132228.
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Middle mountains of the Ferghana mountains soils morphological features and other physical properties that point to development of soil formation process towards brown mountain and forest soils of a belt of brown soils are quite widespread. Brown mountain and forest soils represent result of imposing of mountain process of soil formation. Not degraded soils studied by us are characterized by good Argo physical properties, have a large number of cloggy-granular structural elements and water strong units, have the smallest density, the raised moisture capacity, the best aeration that promote to substantial increase of natural and effective fertility. Keywords: MOUNTAIN SOILS, BROWN FOREST SOILS, AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES, GRANULOMETRIC COMPOSITION, SOIL DENSITY, SOLID PHASE OF SOIL, FERTILITY
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Hooper, P. R., B. A. Gillespie, and M. E. Ross. "The Eckler Mountain basalts and associated flows, Columbia River Basalt Group." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 410–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-035.
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Recent mapping of flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group between Lewiston and Pomeroy, southeast Washington, places the chemically distinctive Shumaker Creek flow as a new member between the Frenchman Springs and Roza members of the Wanapum Basalt. This leaves the Eckler Mountain Formation composed of only the Robinette Mountain and Dodge chemical types, with the Lookingglass flow forming the base of the overlying Wanapum Basalt. One Robinette Mountain flow and five separate flows of Dodge composition are recognized and traced across the Blue Mountains Anticline of southeast Washington and northeast Oregon. The aerial distribution of the flows is used to constrain the onset of deformation in the Blue Mountains area between the Hite and Limekiln faults. A series of open east–west folds formed during late Wanapum and Saddle Mountains time, cut by northeast-trending faults with left-lateral strain. Chemical variations between Eckler Mountain, Grande Ronde, and Wanapum Basalt flows require different source components. But between the Eckler Mountain flows the variation of most chemical parameters is consistent with fractional crystallization in the crust and can be modeled for major and trace elements. An exception is the behaviour of Cr and Zr/Y between the Robinette Mountain and Dodge flows, which suggests variable partial melting or possibly olivine accumulation.
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Kushbakova, Sokhiba. "NATURE OF TURKESTAN MOUNTAINS AND WAYS TO DEVELOP INTERNATIONAL MOUNTAIN TOURISM." Journal of Geography and Natural Resources 02, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jgnr-02-01-09.
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Próchniak, Piotr. "Coping with Stress and Pain in Hard and Soft Adventure Mountain Athletes." Roczniki Psychologiczne 23, no. 2 (October 8, 2020): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rpsych20232-3.
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Several scales were used to assess the levels of coping with stress and pain of 97 Polish hard adventure mountain athletes (Mage = 30.50, SD = 9.45), who climb in winter using mountain ice axes, harnesses, hooks or ropes in high mountains, and 103 Polish soft adventure mountain athletes who summer hike in low mountains (Mage = 28.30, SD = 6.50). The results indicated significant differences between soft and hard adventure climbers in the ways climbers react to stress. The hard adventure climbing group had significantly higher means on the Preventive Coping, Proactive Coping, Task-Oriented Coping, Diverting Attention, Reinterpretation of Pain, Ignoring Pain, Coping Self-Statements and Behavioural Strategies than the soft adventure mountain athletes, but lower means on Emotion-Oriented Coping, Catastrophising and Praying/Hoping compared to the soft mountain athletes group. This study also examined the factor structure of the coping scales in the climbers’ samples. The results suggested that the coping scales contain the following three factors: Passive-Oriented Coping, Future-Oriented Coping and Appraisal-Oriented Coping. The extracted factors discriminate between soft and hard adventure mountain athletes. The hard adventure mountain athletes had significantly higher means on the Future-Oriented Coping and the Appraisal- Oriented Coping, and a lower mean on Passive-Oriented Coping than the soft mountain athletes group.
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CHANNING, A., G. J. MEASEY, A. L. DE VILLIERS, A. A. TURNER, and K. A. TOLLEY. "Taxonomy of the Capensibufo rosei group (Anura: Bufonidae) from South Africa." Zootaxa 4232, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4232.2.11.
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A molecular and morphological study of the Mountain Toadlets, previously included in Capensibufo rosei, showed that there are several previously unrecognised species in this group. We describe three new species from the Hawekwas, Hottentots-Holland, Groenland and Riviersonderend Mountains; the DuToitskloof Mountains, and the Akkedis, Koeël and Kleinriviers Mountains, South Africa. Capensibufo rosei is restricted to the Table Mountain chain of the Cape Peninsula.
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Poudel, Krishna. "Giscience in the Mountain Geography." Tribhuvan University Journal 27, no. 1-2 (December 30, 2010): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v27i1-2.26390.
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Mountains have distinct geography and are dynamic in nature compared to the plains. 'Verticality' and 'variation' are two fundamental specificities of the mountain geography. They possess distinct temporal and spatial characteristics in a unique socio-cultural setting. There is an ever increasing need for spatial and temporal data for planning and management activities; and Geo Information (GI) Science (including Geographic Information and Earth Observation Systems). This is being recognized more and more as a common platform for integrating spatial data with social, economic and environmental data and information from different sources.
This paper investigates the applicability and challenges of GISscience in the context of mountain geography with ample evidences and observations from the mountain specific publications, empirical research findings and reports. The contextual explanation of mountain geography, mountain specific problems, scientific concerns about the mountain geography, advances in GIScience, the role of GIScience for sustainable development, challenges on application of GIScience in the contexts of mountains are the points of discussion. Finally, conclusion has been made with some specific action oriented recommendations.
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Ball, Martin. "SACRED MOUNTAINS, RELIGIOUS PARADIGMS, AND IDENTITY AMONG THE MESCALERO APACHE." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 4, no. 3 (2000): 264–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853500507852.
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AbstractThis article carefully examines the roles that sacred mountains play in Mescalero Apache religious tradition and ''religious paradigms'' of sacred space and ceremonial practice. For the Mescalero, sacred mountains are intimately associated with conceptions of spiritual ecology, ceremonial traditions, prayer, and cultural identity. To understand these aspects of Mescalero tradition as they relate to cultural practices, this article focuses on the Mescalero Apache Mountain Spirit tradition. In this tradition men are masked, painted as ''Mountain Spirits'' and are understood to embody the power of the sacred mountains, the four cardinal directions, and the power of the Creator. Through analyzing this ceremonial tradition, Mescalero conceptions of how spiritual power is linked to sacred geographies and spiritual ecology is brought to light. The Mountain Spirits are also analyzed for how, through oral tradition and spiritual revelation, mountains become significant for the Mescalero within their religious system. The Mountain Spirits and their connections to sacred mountains are furthermore contrasted with the female initiation ceremony of the ''Big Tipi.'' It is proposed in this paper that these two ceremonial traditions, through their different relationships to the land and sacred geographies, feature differently in Mescalero self-conceptions of their cultural and religious identity.
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Worthington, R. M. "Diurnal variation of mountain waves." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 11 (November 21, 2006): 2891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-2891-2006.
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Abstract. Mountain waves could be modified as the boundary layer varies between stable and convective. However case studies show mountain waves day and night, and above e.g. convective rolls with precipitation lines over mountains. VHF radar measurements of vertical wind (1990–2006) confirm a seasonal variation of mountain-wave amplitude, yet there is little diurnal variation of amplitude. Mountain-wave azimuth shows possible diurnal variation compared to wind rotation across the boundary layer.
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Shu, Jian Ping, Shi Ping Fu, and Xiao Yuan Wen. "Four Girls Mountains Savage Peak Climbing Theme Attractions Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.387.
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By the fieldwork method, describe the basic situation of the four girls mountains one peak, explores the savage peak climbing area construction. Results indicate that four girls mountains peaks of geographical conditions suitable for construction in rock climbing as the theme of tourist attractions, Can plan set low, medium level of rock climbing experience area, limit climbing, blundering area, Big rock point of the downhill, camp, viewing deck and tourists rest camps, etc. The camp content is rich and concentrated, With perfect scenic area security system protection as support, Can be used as the rock theme attractions of four maiden's mountain area, At the same time to enhance mountain guide, mountain rescue, mountain co-ordinator and other technical system to cultivate ideal training base.
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Park, Seonyoung, Wonsuk Choi, and Hakgi Son. "Spatial DB Construction and Characterization of Mountain Ridges based on Sangyeongpyo." Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers 34, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29349/jchg.2022.34.2.110.
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Sangyeongpyo is a geography book that provides a comprehensive tabulation of mountains and mountain ridges in the late Joseon Dynasty period of Korea. This study focused on analyzing Sangyeongpyo published by the JosonKwangmunhoe(朝鮮光文會), which is the most recently published and widely used edition among the available editions. Eight different editions of Sangyeongpyo, including the one published by the JosonKwangmunhoe, were compared and examined in this study. A database was constructed for mountain ridges and genealogy of mountains composing Sangyeongpyo, watershed areas, and social, historical, and cultural characteristics in the areas were analyzed through the paths of the mountain ridges and the points in the Jimaek therein. The results showed that there were differences between the eight editions, such as in the expression of the major mountain ridge systems. Further, upon examining the Sangyeongpyo edition by JosonKwangmunhoe, we found that 1,586 points constituted 15 mountain ranges. Upon classifying these points into types, we found that there were not only mountain geomorphological types but also places of historical and cultural significance such as Eupchi(邑治), Jinbo(鎭堡). Lastly, the paths and points in the mountain ridges described in Sangyeongpyo were selected primarily considering the distribution of the administrative system of the late Joseon Dynasty period, as well as the connectivity of the mountains ranges leading to them. Furthermore, regardless of the status of topographic watershed classification or dominance of mountain ridge, the applicable path was selected with a priority for mountain ridges described in Sangyeongpyo when there were major points with historical and cultural characteristics as a social community. This study is significant in laying the groundwork for preparing basic data for the development of a more modern and scientific reconstruction of the traditional mountain ridge system through the restructuring of the genealogical descriptions in Sangyeongpyo into a modern network code method, building a DB, and mapping based on the Historical Geographic Information System.
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Stankovic, Stevan. "Mountain potentials in aid of tourism." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 82, no. 2 (2002): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0202067s.
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Mountains are distinguished by specific characteristics according to a series of elements, occurrences, processes, shapes, significance for human society and influence on the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. In the world as well as in this country, many mountain tourist regions have become affirmed, with developed winter, summer and whole year tourism. They have important recreational, health, sport-manifestation and cultural-manifestation significance. The best economic effects based on the development of mountain tourism are accomplished where mountains are appropriately evaluated. This must be truly expressed in the year 2002, which has been named the year for protection of mountains.
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Antonescu, Daniela. "Mountain Biodiversity in Romania." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.060104.
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There exists a strong link between mountain regions and biodiversity. These regions represent the most important source of regional and global ecosystems forming the core elements of environmental and sustainable development policies. Mountains operate as true refuge for endemic species but are affected by uncontrolled human actions, while alpine meadows are exposed to losses of traditional pasture practices. Mountains can be analyzed from the economic, ecological, environmental, social, cultural viewpoints and their multidisciplinary nature is acknowledged both in the academic milieu and by decision makers involved in territorial development policy. The negative impact of economic activities in mountain regions is becoming more visible, therefore, necessitating a sustainable approach to preserve the biodiversity and habitat in order to salvage the fragile ecological balance. The present paper gives an overview of the relationship between biodiversity and sustainability within mountain regions and its implications on the economic and social development process. By interpreting the finding of previous research and studies, the article presents the current knowledge of mountain biodiversity in Europe and Romania and its relationship with sustainable development process.
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Butler, David R. "Roderick Peattie’s Mountain Geography – A Critique and Field Study (1936)." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 2 (April 2017): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133317701626.
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Roderick Peattie’s book, Mountain Geography – A Critique and Field Study (1936), is a classic work that established a format for English-language books on the subject of mountain geography that largely persists to the present day. Peattie’s work was based primarily on an extended period of study in the mountains of western Europe. His book reflects a strong Eurocentric view of mountain landscapes that carries over into late-20th century and 21st century English-language books on mountain landscapes.
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Lin, Zidong, Cheuk Ying Ng, and Haoyue Jia. "Exploration of the Mountain Sacrificial System in the Han Dynasty." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 22 (August 2, 2023): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v22i.5354.
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Natural worship is a unique spiritual activity of human civilization that has existed since ancient times, arising from the awe-inspiring feeling that humans have towards mountains, rivers, and all things in nature. The mountain sacrifice system is a ritual practice that developed from the spiritual development of natural worship. Since the mythological era, the worship of natural phenomena and objects has existed, and Confucianism incorporated the ethics of nature into its doctrine, including mountains and rivers in its philosophical concept of Earth. During the Han Dynasty, rulers reorganized and reformed the mountain sacrifice system and formed the core ritual of the Taishan Mountain sacrifice. The various functions of the Han Dynasty mountain sacrifice ceremony reveal social customs during the Western Han period and Confucian related rituals. The changes in the mountain sacrifice policy during the Han Dynasty reflect the political strategies of rulers and the connection between Confucianism and its rituals. This article analyzes the changes in the Han Dynasty mountain sacrifice system and the basic situation of Han people's worship and beliefs through close reading of texts. It aims to demonstrate the peculiarities of the Han Dynasty mountain sacrifice system and its connection with Confucianism and its rituals.
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Price, Martin F. "Why mountain forests are important." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79219-2.
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Mountains cover 24% of the Earths land surface, are home to 12% of the global population, and include 28% of the worlds forests. Mountain forests provide a wide range of benefits to both mountain and downstream populations, notably the protection of watersheds and of transport infrastructure. They are also important as centres of biodiversity; important sources of timber, fuelwood and non-wood products; places for tourism and recreation; and sacred places. Many are also being considered as possible carbon sinks to mitigate climate change. Mountain forests are subject to many forces of change, interacting in complex ways. The frequency of natural disturbances is increasingly influenced by human activities at local, regional, and global scales. Air pollution has influenced many forests downwind of industrial areas, but climate change represents a greater and highly unpredictable force for change. It will require new types of decisions by all stakeholders, and new forest management approaches and policies. The International Year of Mountains, 2002, presents a unique opportunity to foster greater co-operation to ensure that mountain forests continue to provide benefits to a significant proportion of the worlds population well into the 21st century and beyond. Key words: forests, sustainable development, mountains, climate change, co-operation
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Aubin, David. "The Hotel that Became an Observatory: Mount Faulhorn as Singularity, Microcosm, and Macro-Tool." Science in Context 22, no. 3 (September 2009): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889709990056.
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ArgumentOne of the first high-altitude observatories was a hotel. Established in 1823, the chalet on Mount Faulhorn became a highpoint of nineteenth-century science. In this paper, I take this mountain as my entry point into the examination of the special attraction that mountains exerted on scientists. I argue that Mount Faulhorn stood for three different conceptions of the usefulness of the mountain in science: (1) in observation networks, stations were usually chosen for pragmatic rather than scientific reasons, but mountains representedsingularspots in such networks, which deserved special attention; (2) the mountain also was amicrocosmwhere altitude differences were thought to capture essential features of latitude differences; (3) the mountain was sometimes no more than amacro-toolfor the pursuit of science, just a middle ground between the heaven and the earth.
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McDowell, Graham, and Katherine Hanly. "The state of mountain research in Canada." Journal of Mountain Science 19, no. 10 (October 2022): 3013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-022-7569-1.
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AbstractNearly a quarter of Canada’s landmass is covered by mountainous terrain, making mountains an important aspect of the physical and human geography of the country. Mountain areas in Canada have motivated a great deal of research activity, yet the state of mountain research in the country has never been systematically characterized, precluding a detailed understanding of what is being studied, when, where, how, and by whom. In response, we conducted a systematic scoping review to rigorously identify, collate, and critically examine existing peer-reviewed articles related to mountains in Canada. 2,888 articles were included in our review, which reveals strong biases towards work in the natural sciences and in the mountain west, with little work to date in the social and health sciences or in other mountainous regions of the country. Our results demonstrate that Canada is among the most productive contributors to mountain research globally, but that topical and geographical biases in existing research effort leave important gaps that must be addressed to successfully navigate challenges and opportunities facing mountain areas in Canada. We provide a roadmap to guide future mountain-focused research activities in the country.
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Naweed, Pohanmal Ahmad Jawid. "A Brief Look at the Natural Conditions of the Hindu Kesh Mountain Range." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 3, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.3.1.18.
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Afghanistan is a country that is located almost in the center of the Asian continent, it is a landlocked country and in terms of land structure, it introduces a mountainous country among the countries of the world. This country has been of great economic and political importance due to its important geographical and strategic location in different periods of history. The land structure of Afghanistan consists of steep mountains full of snow, deep valleys, raging seas, high levels, hills, plains and deserts, each of which It has special features. The range of mountains that are present in all its shares, generally extends from northeast to southwest. Some of the northeastern and central parts of the country are made up of large high plains, the backbone of which is the Hindu Kush mountain. The Hindu Kush mountain is located along the Pamir mountain chain, extending from the northeast to the southwest and the central regions of Afghanistan cover a wide area, and from this part, its width also increases, so the Hindu Kush mountains are divided into two parts, the eastern and the western is divided.
Knowing and knowing about the Hindu Kush mountain range, its natural conditions and obtaining information about the strategic and strategic importance of this mountain range.
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Draxl, Caroline, Rochelle P. Worsnop, Geng Xia, Yelena Pichugina, Duli Chand, Julie K. Lundquist, Justin Sharp, Garrett Wedam, James M. Wilczak, and Larry K. Berg. "Mountain waves can impact wind power generation." Wind Energy Science 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-45-2021.
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Abstract. Mountains can modify the weather downstream of the terrain. In particular, when stably stratified air ascends a mountain barrier, buoyancy perturbations develop. These perturbations can trigger mountain waves downstream of the mountains that can reach deep into the atmospheric boundary layer where wind turbines operate. Several such cases of mountain waves occurred during the Second Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2) in the Columbia River basin in the lee of the Cascade Range bounding the states of Washington and Oregon in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Signals from the mountain waves appear in boundary layer sodar and lidar observations as well as in nacelle wind speeds and power observations from wind plants. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations also produce mountain waves and are compared to satellite, lidar, and sodar observations. Simulated mountain wave wavelengths and wave propagation speeds (group velocities) are analyzed using the fast Fourier transform. We found that not all mountain waves exhibit the same speed and conclude that the speed of propagation, magnitudes of wind speeds, or wavelengths are important parameters for forecasters to recognize the risk for mountain waves and associated large drops or surges in power. When analyzing wind farm power output and nacelle wind speeds, we found that even small oscillations in wind speed caused by mountain waves can induce oscillations between full-rated power of a wind farm and half of the power output, depending on the position of the mountain wave's crests and troughs. For the wind plant analyzed in this paper, mountain-wave-induced fluctuations translate to approximately 11 % of the total wind farm output being influenced by mountain waves. Oscillations in measured wind speeds agree well with WRF simulations in timing and magnitude. We conclude that mountain waves can impact wind turbine and wind farm power output and, therefore, should be considered in complex terrain when designing, building, and forecasting for wind farms.
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Tannheimer, Markus, and Raimund Lechner. "History of mountain warfare." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 21, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55225/hppa.466.
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Mountain warfare has thousands of years of history and presents numerous challenges to military operations. History proves, that this environment has decreased combat strength, caused more casualties than the enemy in some operations and influenced war tactics significantly. Mountain warfare has an increasing frequency due to withdrawal areas for hostile forces, being home of ethnic minorities, being origin of many water supplies and being a natural frontier between countries. Mountains influence all warfighting functions, but especially movement and manoeuvre (mobility) and force protection (health support). To overcome the hardships of mountain warfare, special mountain units including support elements are mandatory, especially for health service support.
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Sarvašová, Zuzana, Emil Cienciala, Jana Beranová, Michal Vančo, Andrej Ficko, and Marta Pardos. "Analysis of governance systems applied in multifunctional forest management in selected European mountain regions / Analýza systémov governancie využívaných pri multifunkčnom manažmente lesov vo vybraných európskych horských oblastiach." Forestry Journal 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2014-0017.
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Abstract The objective of this study is to map and analyse governance systems relevant for the implementation of multifunctional mountain forest management in selected European countries. This paper is based on the FP7 research project Advanced multifunctional forest management in European mountain ranges (ARANGE). Current governance systems relevant for the implementation of multifunctional forest management are analysed in seven case study areas: the Iberian Mountains (Spain), Western Alps (France), Eastern Alps (Austria), Dinaric Mountains (Slovenia), Scandinavian Mountains (Sweden), Western Carpathians (Slovakia) and Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria). Qualitative social research methods were applied for data collection. Semi-structured questionnaire was focused on the following elements of governance: participation and stakeholders interactions and inter-sectorial coordination. The results indicate that forest managers share a general perception of multifunctional forest management being focused on preserving or strengthening several forest functions and services including timber production. They believe that current governance systems basically support multifunctional management of mountain forests. The participatory and inter-sectoral processes are playing an important role in multifunctional forest management in selected European mountain regions.
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Mackovčin, Peter, Ivo Machar, Jan Brus, and Barbora Žáková. "Land Use Changes in the Alpine Tree Line Ecotone in the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains (Czech Republic)." Journal of Landscape Ecology 14, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2021-0014.
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Abstract Currently, we expected a altitudinal shift of forest vegetation upward under predicted climate changes impacts to European mountains ecosystems. In this context can be very interesting, that changes in alpine tree line ecotone in high European mountains were induced by human activities relatively often also in history. Probably one of the most important driver in land-use changes in high mountains was grazing, which significantly have influenced both mountain spruce forests and open alpine grasslands in central-Europe. This paper deals with historical changes of land-use in Hruby Jesenik Mountains (Czech Republic) during 19th and 20th centuries. Results revealed consequences of former grazing in mountain grasslands above alpine tree line ecotone in the frame of land-use analyses based on historical maps and other sources. These results, based on historical data, support our better understanding to current dynamic changes in European mountain landscapes.
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Bassi, Ivana, Matteo Carzedda, Luca Grassetti, Luca Iseppi, and Federico Nassivera. "Consumer attitudes towards the mountain product label: Implications for mountain development." Journal of Mountain Science 18, no. 9 (September 2021): 2255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6616-z.
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AbstractTo protect and promote the originality and authenticity of mountain foodstuffs, the European Union set Regulation No 1151/2012 to create the optional quality term “mountain product”. Our research aimed at exploring the attractiveness of the mountain product label for consumers, considering both attitude towards the label itself and purchase intentions. We propose a model to investigate relationships between four latent constructs — mountain attractiveness, mountain food attractiveness, attitude towards the mountain product label, and purchase intention — which have been tested, thus confirming the statistical relevance of the relationships. All 47 items selected for describing the latent constructs are suitable for this purpose. Ridge and LASSO results also show that 17 items of the first three constructs are relevant in explaining purchase intentions. Some contextual variables, such as age, income, geographical origin of consumers, and knowledge of mountain products and mountains for tourism purposes, can positively influence consumers’ behavior. These findings could support the design of mountain development strategies, in particular marketing actions for both the product and the territory.
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Antohe, Radu Gheorghe, Carmen Boca Catuna, and Claudia Emanuela Constantinescu. "The Mountain Products Market - Post Covid-19 Period." Annals of "Valahia" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture 15, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agr-2023-0016.
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Abstract The future of Romania’s mountain areas is based on living mountains on which sustainable and integrated development and a good quality of life are promoted and which can sustain the national mountain economy over time. Mountain products can be approached as a healthy solution to help a nation’s economic development leading to higher living standards. The main challenges related to mountain products and the effects of their development are presented, taking into account the quality of all products obtained on the mountain. This study analyzes the effects of the Covid-19 crisis on the producer market in the mountain areas in Romania, trying to provide solutions and development proposals. Analyzing the post Covid-19 trends of the mountain products market and taking into account the unique and natural specificities and properties, we will propose some solutions that could be considered for the development of this market. Only strategic planning can lead to a sustainable development of the mountain products market in Romania.
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Bader, Jeffrey. "Structural analysis of the Casper Mountain fault zone and area, Wyoming surrounding area, Wyoming: Implications for Laramide kinematics and structural inheritance across the Wyoming Province." Mountain Geologist 58, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.58.4.433.
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Casper Mountain is an E–W trending anticlinal structure that is bound on the north by the oblique-slip Casper Mountain fault. The fault is postulated to reflect preexisting Precambrian structure/fabrics that were reactivated and/or guided deformation during the Laramide orogeny. A structural analysis of the fault zone and surrounding area was conducted to confirm this hypothesis, and to garner insight into both Precambrian origins and Laramide kinematics. Surface and subsurface data for structural analysis was collected and synthesized from numerous published sources along the proposed deformation corridor that roughly coincides with the Oregon Trail structural belt of central Wyoming. The Casper Mountain fault zone is characterized by an E–W rectilinear zone of en échelon, steeply inclined faults. The Casper Mountain fault strikes E–W with smaller faults in the zone striking N65°E. Folds trend to the WNW and are left-stepping. Foliations in Precambrian rocks of Casper Mountain are oriented subparallel to the Casper Mountain fault. The North Granite Mountains fault zone is located due west of Casper Mountain and is similarly oriented E–W with associated faults striking NE, NW/SE, and ENE/WSW, off the dominant master fault. Curvilinear, left-stepping, en échelon folds trend to the northwest and are truncated on the south by the North Granite Mountains fault. Faults in basement rocks of the Popo Agie Primitive Area of the central Wind River Mountains are characterized by moderate to high-angle faults striking E–W, NNW, and NE that coincide with mapped surface lineaments and fabric data. Fabric data suggest that Laramide deformation along the Casper Mountain fault was guided by Precambrian anisotropies. Surface and subsurface mapping of the fault zone and the deformation corridor to the west indicate that the Casper Mountain and North Granite Mountains faults are part of a basement-rooted system (wrench fault) that likely extends westward into the Popo Agie Primitive Area. Here, the steeply inclined (75–90°) proposed master fault is exposed within a WNW-striking corridor of faults that sinistrally offset steeply dipping, NE-striking Proterozoic diabase dikes. The dikes likely intruded older faults that are antithetic to the WNW-striking faults. Other faults strike to the NNW and have shallower dips of 45–65°. These three directions of anisotropy (WNW, NE, and NNW) are proposed to have formed from SW–NE-directed subduction along a long-lived, Neoarchean, active continental margin.
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Mailler, Sylvain, and François Lott. "Equatorial Mountain Torques and Cold Surge Preconditioning." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 2101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3382.1.
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Abstract The evolution of the two components of the equatorial mountain torque (EMT) applied by mountains on the atmosphere is analyzed in the NCEP reanalysis. A strong lagged relationship between the EMT component along the Greenwich axis TM1 and the EMT component along the 90°E axis TM2 is found, with a pronounced signal on TM1 followed by a signal of opposite sign on TM2. It is shown that this result holds for the major massifs (Antarctica, the Tibetan Plateau, the Rockies, and the Andes) if a suitable axis system is used for each of them. For the midlatitude mountains, this relationship is in part associated with the development of cold surges. Following these results, two hypotheses are made: (i) the mountain forcing on the atmosphere is well measured by the regional EMTs and (ii) this forcing partly drives the cold surges. To support these, a purely dynamical linear model is proposed: it is written on the sphere, uses an f-plane quasigeostrophic approximation, and includes the mountain forcings. In this model, a positive (negative) peak in TM1 produced by a mountain massif in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere is due to a large-scale high surface pressure anomaly poleward of the massif. At a later stage, high pressure and low temperature anomalies develop in the lower troposphere east of the mountain, explaining the signal on TM2 and providing the favorable conditions for the cold surge development. It is concluded that the EMT is a good measure of the dynamical forcing of the atmospheric flow by the mountains and that the poleward forces exerted by mountains on the atmosphere are substantial drivers of the cold surges, at least in their early stage. Therefore, the EMT time series can be an important diagnostic to assess the representation of mountains in general circulation models.
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Wen, Lekang, Jun He, and Xu Huang. "Mountain Segmentation Based on Global Optimization with the Cloth Simulation Constraint." Remote Sensing 15, no. 12 (June 7, 2023): 2966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15122966.
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Mountains are an important research object for surveying, mapping, cartography, space science, and ecological remote sensing. Automatic mountain segmentation is one of the most critical techniques in large-scale mountain analyses. However, several factors limit the segmentation accuracy, such as the complexity of mountains, the noise of geospatial data, and the confusion in distinguishing non-mountainous objects with similar features. In order to improve the accuracy of mountain segmentation against these limiting factors, we impose the cloth constraint over the digital elevation model (DEM) with the underlying assumption that the mountain has a sizeable relative elevation and slope. We propose a robust mountain segmentation method with the cloth simulation constraint. The core algorithm extracts the relative elevation of the region using a cloth simulation filtering algorithm by transforming the mountain segmentation problem into an optimization problem based on the global energy function consisting of the relative elevation and slope. Experiments on a wide range of Earth and lunar elevation datasets with some of the aforementioned limitations show that the proposed method can extract complex mountain baselines, avoid the misclassification of lunar craters, and significantly improve the robustness and accuracy of mountain segmentation. Compared to three state-of-the-art methods (the Lunar Mountain Detection Method, the Landform Mask Method in SNAP™ from European Space Agency (located in Paris, France), and the Multiscale Segmentation Method in eCognition™ from Definiens Imaging (located in Munich, Germany), the F1 and IoU improved by 14.70% and 20.46% on average and 29.07% and 38.94% at most, respectively, which validates that the proposed method has a better all-around performance.
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Lee, Kwang Youn, Jung Il Seo, Kyoung-Nam Kim, Yohan Lee, Hyeongkeun Kweon, and Jinki Kim. "Application of Viewshed and Spatial Aesthetic Analyses to Forest Practices for Mountain Scenery Improvement in the Republic of Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 11, 2019): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092687.
Full textAbstract:
Forest practices for mountainous areas can enhance the scenery value and function of forests. However, forest scenery management is rarely implemented except for conservation areas and public forests. In this study, we first used the viewshed analysis to extract visible and invisible zones from the surface areas of ordinary mountains in Korea, and then we used spatial aesthetic analysis to interpret the human-recognized characteristics on the visible zones of mountain scenery. Finally, based on the results of both analyses, reasonable guidelines for forest practice planning were proposed to improve the scenery of ordinary mountains. The result shows that the viewshed analysis made it possible to extract visible and invisible areas from the surface areas of ordinary mountains, and to determine the scale of zoning for forest practices to improve mountain scenery. In addition, using spatial aesthetic analysis, it was possible to explain the characteristics of mountain scenery according to distance and elevational differences between viewpoint and target, and to suggest a treatment target and direction for forest practices to improve the mountain scenery. This study is meaningful in that the viewshed and spatial aesthetic analyses were applied to evaluate the current scenery of ordinary mountains and to present guidelines for forest practice planning to promote their own scenery values.
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Batdelger, Gantuya, Badamtsetseg Bazarragchaa, Agiimaa Janchiv, Ganbold Enebish, Seungah Yang, Woon Kee Peak, and Joongku Lee. "Contribution to the flora of Ulziit Mountain in forest steppe region of Mongolia." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 28, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v28i1.54217.
Full textAbstract:
The Ulziit Mountain has a unique ecosystem which is one of northern branch mountains of Khangai mountain range in Mongolia. Several field survey were conducted in summer in all habitats in different altitudes. A total of 314 taxa were registered belonging to 161 genera from 52 families in Ulziit Mountain flora. The family Asteraceae was found to be the largest with 37 taxa, followed by Poaceae with 30 taxa, Ranunculaceae with 24 taxa, Cyperaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Rosaceae each with 17 taxa, Salicaceae with 16 taxa, and Fabaceae with 15 taxa; in total, these comprised 55.1% of all flora complements in this mountain. During the investigation, 5 species were newly recorded in the Khangai mountains forest-steppe region. The most represented life forms in the flora are hemicryptophytes (71.97%), which are common for mountain steppe vegetation. In a time of climate change, effective conservation of nature is needed at an ecosystem such as a single mountain particularly for endemic, relict and other salient species. Furthermore, such a detailed floristic survey is important for finding new records in the field of plant taxonomy and conservation of nature in these specific areas.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 195-215, 2021 (June)
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Beniston, M. "Global environmental change in mountain regions : an overview." Geographica Helvetica 54, no. 3 (September 30, 1999): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-54-120-1999.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Mountain regions cover 20% of terrestrial land surfaces and represent one of the principle source regions for the world's hydrological Systems. Mountain regions are today under pressure as a result of human interference; climatic change could lead to an additional stress on natural and socio-economic Systems. Paleo-climatic evidence has shown that past climatic change has lead to substantial shifts in the distribution of Vegetation. If the present warming trend were to continue into the 21" Century, there would be significant impacts on ecosystems. In particular. certain species may become extinct because ot their limited capacity for migration to regions with favorable climatic and soil conditions. In most mountain regions, a warmer climate will lead to a reduction in the mass of glaciers, as well as snow-pack and permafrost. Changes in precipitation regimes may have far-reaching consequences for fresh-water supply to agriculture, tourism and hydro-power. These shifts would affect not only mountain populations, but also those living downstream from the mountains and who depend on mountain-fed water resources. The social structure of populations in the mountains of the developing world may be disrupted by environmental change, because of the impacts this change is likely to have on the natural resources essential to traditional lifestyles of mountain communities.