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1
Mammadov, М., and L. Akhmеdova. "ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF MOUNTAIN-FOREST SOILS IN THE NORTH-EAST PART OF THE LESSER CAUCASUS (IN THE BASIN OF BABADJAN RIVER)." Transbaikal State University Journal 27, no. 7 (2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-7-18-26.
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Our planet needs the rational use of forest resources and forest soils in order to combat erosion and preserve the biosenosis. Soils provide the basis for the growth of trees and woodlands, and are an essential component of forests and forest ecosystems, as they are involved in the regulation of such important processes as the absorption of nutrients, their decomposition and maintenance of water balance. By reducing the risk of soil erosion and the threat of landslides and avalanches, the sustainable use of forest resources greatly contributes to the functioning of the systems responsible for maintaining the planet’s clean water supply, as well as a balanced water cycle. In the soil environment, trees develop root systems and in turn, forest trees and vegetation in general are an important factor in protecting the soil cover. The authors have examined the natural and anthropogenic degradation of brown mountain-forest soils under a beech forest, brown mountain-forest soils under hornbeam and oak forests in the north-eastern part of the Lesser Caucasus in the Babadjan river basin. The erosional relief of the studied region is represented by highly dissected low mountains, middle mountains and mountain basins, which are rather densely indented by mountain rivers. In conditions of such a relief, soils are well developed in dry low mountains and in the humid part of the middle mountains. To clarify the effect of soil properties on the growth and development of tree species in forest communities of the study area, soil sections were laid. The influence at altitudes of 950-1800 m above sea level, the slope of the relief, the exposure of slopes, the composition of the forest cover, the lithological composition of the parent rocks, the physic-chemical composition of the soil and other factors on the intensity of the degradation process in different ecosystems have been studied
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Salikhov, Shamil K., Gasan N. Gasanov, Tatyana A. Asvarova, Magomedpazil A. Yahyaev, and Kabirat B. Gimbatova. "Nitrogen in the Soils of Slope Ecosystems of the Middle Mountains of Dagestan." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 1 (213) (March 31, 2022): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2022-1-66-70.
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This work is determined by the primary importance of determining the content and reserves of nitrogen in typical soils of the Middle-Mountain subprovince of Dagestan, since the potential nitrogen reserves are estimated by the total nitrogen reserves, and the practical soil fertility of the territory is estimated by the easily hydrolyzed nitrogen used by plants. The aim of the study - determination concentration of easily hydrolyzable and total nitrogen, their reserves in typical soils of the Mid-Mountain subprovince of Dagestan, with their reserved content, was determined. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the Middle Mountains of Dagestan, the reserves of soil nitrogen were determined. Total nitrogen was determined by the photometric method of "indophenol greens" according to the CIAS method, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen according to Tyurin and Kononova. The results of the study showed that the mountain brown forest soil was more fertile on the slope of the northern exposure of Mount Mayak, since it revealed more humus by 14.88 % and easily hydrolyzable nitrogen by 14.38 % than in the 0-20 cm layer of mountain meadow-steppe soil. The accumulation of total nitrogen in the upper 0-20 cm layer was 0.247 % for mountain brown forest soil, and 8.81 % less for mountain meadow-steppe soil. Nitrogen reserves in soils also differed - less reserves in the 0-20 cm layer were 6.7 % and 12.16 % were in the mountain meadow-steppe, respectively, of the general and easily hydrolyzed form. This is probably due to the steeper slope of the southern exposure, to which the mountain meadow-steppe soil is confined. A large number of nitrogen reserves in mountain brown forest soil may be associated with its location at the foot of the forest.
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Scott, Daniel N., and Ellen E. Wohl. "Geomorphic regulation of floodplain soil organic carbon concentration in watersheds of the Rocky and Cascade Mountains, USA." Earth Surface Dynamics 6, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 1101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1101-2018.
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Abstract. Mountain rivers have the potential to retain OC-rich soil and store large quantities of organic carbon (OC) in floodplain soils. We characterize valley bottom morphology, floodplain soil, and vegetation in two disparate mountain river basins: the Middle Fork Snoqualmie in the Cascade Mountains and the Big Sandy in the Wind River Range of the Rocky Mountains. We use this dataset to examine variability in OC concentration between these basins as well as within them at multiple spatial scales. We find that although there are some differences between basins, much of the variability in OC concentration is due to local factors, such as soil moisture and valley bottom geometry. From this, we conclude that local factors likely play a dominant role in regulating OC concentration in valley bottoms and that interbasin differences in climate or vegetation characteristics may not translate directly into differences in OC storage. We also use an analysis of OC concentration and soil texture by depth to infer that OC is input to floodplain soils mainly by decaying vegetation, not overbank deposition of fine, OC-bearing sediment. Geomorphology and hydrology play strong roles in determining the spatial distribution of soil OC in mountain river corridors.
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Lasota, Jarosław, Ewa Błońska, Maciej Zwydak, and Tomasz Wanic. "The use of the particle size distribution of soils in estimating quality of mountain forest sites." Forest Research Papers 75, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0025.
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Abstract The physical and chemical properties of soil are the basic features that are used in the assessment of mountain sites. The aim of this study was to produce a simple key for classifying forest sites in mountain areas using soil particle size distribution. 200 plots (standard typological space) were selected for examination, most of which are typical of the Carpathians - being dominated by flysch rock. A few plots were located in the Sudety and Tatra Mountains, which have a different surface geology, mostly metamorphic rock and granite. The study proved that soil properties (reaction, base saturation, content of base cations, organic carbon and nitrogen) are helpful in distinguishing and assigning soils to particular site types. The particle size distribution of forest mountain sites separated into different categories in terms of productivity. These results can be used to improve the classification of forest mountain sites.
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Tužinský, L. "Soil moisture in mountain spruce stand." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 1 (May 17, 2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11854-jfs.
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Mountain forests are among the main components of natural environment in Slovakia. They grow mainly in areas with cold climate, on poor soils with unfavorable reaction, often very acidic (pH in H<sub>2</sub>O < 4.5) and with nutrient deficit. Immissions and acid rain attack forests to a great extent. Global climate changes also represent a new threat. Extremes in air temperatures, excessive amounts of precipitation or on the other hand the lack of water from precipitation, torrential rains or long-lasting drought periods are recorded as a result of a higher amount of heat energy accumulation from the greenhouse effect. Spruce forests are most endangered. Spruce with its root system concentrated in the upper soil layers, where also the highest amount of toxic elements accumulates, suffers more and more from dry and warm periods and it begins to wither due to drought. The occurrence of hydropedological cycles with a low or insufficient supply of available water in the soil is most frequent during summer (July, August). If the soil water potential values approach the value of the wilting point, an expressive decrease in transpiration is observed during the day, whereas its daily course is also suppressed. Gradual soil drying up from the upper layers towards the deepest ones of the physiological profile of soil represents a change in soil moisture stratification, especially after moistening the upper layers of soil with water from atmospheric precipitation. The deeper soil layers need not be re-saturated in such a case. Under drought the whole physiological profile of soil dries up in a relatively short time. Trees are exposed to a strong physiological stress in such conditions and after longlasting drought periods they can get into the state of total exhaustion.
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Aliboeva, M. A. "Morphological Structure Of Mountain Soils." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue12-08.
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This article discusses morphological structure of mountain soils. The mountainous regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan are located mainly in Tashkent, Surkhandarya, Samarkand, Jizzakh, Syrdarya, Fergana Valley and Navoi regions, and differ from each other in their greenery, charm and structure. Mountain soils are distributed sequentially according to the law of vertical zoning, depending on the altitude above sea level. The soil cover in these regions is characterized by their development (evolution), genesis, agrochemical, agrophysical properties and, most importantly, morphological structure. Each region has its own natural factors, which directly affect the development and morphological structure of the soil cover.
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Tashkuziev, Maruf, and Nilufar Shadieva. "Conditions and factors of humus formation in soils of mountain and foothill." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128402008.
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On the basis of information on the climatic factor, the intensity of humus formation in the soil was estimated. It was revealed that as the transition from the plain to the foothills and low mountains due to changes in atmospheric precipitation and hydrothermal regime, the period of biological activity (PBA) of the soil increases from the plain to the mountains. The balance of annual radiation in the foothill plain is 47 kcal/cm2, in the high-mountain belt - 53 kcal/cm2. As the transition from the plain to the mountainous part of the relief, an increase in soil PBA was revealed and, in accordance with this, the content and reserves of humus, as well as labile humic substances in the humus composition, increase. By the type of humus, light gray soils are humate-fulvate and fulvate; typical, dark gray soils and mountain brown soils, fulvate-humate; light brown meadow-steppe soils, and humate. It also provides information on the energy reserves of humus for the considered soils. The correlations between the indicators of PBA and humus for horizon “A” in the studied soils were calculated.
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Hlaváčiková, Hana, Viliam Novák, and Ladislav Holko. "On the role of rock fragments and initial soil water content in the potential subsurface runoff formation." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2015-0002.
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Abstract Stony soils are composed of fractions (rock fragments and fine soil) with different hydrophysical characteristics. Although they are abundant in many catchments, their properties are still not well understood. This article presents basic characteristics (texture, stoniness, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil water retention) of stony soils from a mountain catchment located in the highest part of the Carpathian Mountains and summarizes results of water flow modeling through a hypothetical stony soil profile. Numerical simulations indicate the highest vertical outflow from the bottom of the profile in soils without rock fragments under ponding infiltration condition. Simulation of a more realistic case in a mountain catchment, i.e. infiltration of intensive rainfall, shows that when rainfall intensity is lower than the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the stony soil, the highest outflow is predicted in a soil with the highest stoniness and high initial water content of soil matrix. Relatively low available retention capacity in a stony soil profile and consequently higher unsaturated hydraulic conductivity leads to faster movement of the infiltration front during rainfall.
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Elchininova, O. A., O. V. Kuznetsova, A. N. Soyonova, and G. V. Chichinova. "Physical-chemical and water-physical properties of agricultural soils on inter-mountain hollows of Mountain Altai." Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, no. 150 (September 30, 2019): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/2019-1-150-137-146.
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The purpose of the research is the study the basic physical,chemical and water-physical properties of soils of high and medium mountain basins of the Altai mountains under different types of agricultural use (arable land, hayfields, pasture). The main features of chestnut and light chestnut soils of high-mountain basins, dark chestnut soils and common chernozem of mid-mountain basins are established. These are a light granulometric composition with a high content of coarse soil, a sharp decrease of humus content and cation exchange capacity down the profile, slightly alkaline reaction of medium, and perfect structural state, except for the lower horizons of light chestnut soil. By density of the humus horizon, the soils of hayland and pasture belong to the soils rich in organic matter. Considerable density is noted also in the chernozem ordinary under an arable land where for many decades usual dump plowing is applied, minimum - in the dark-chestnut soil under an arable land where in recent years processing is carried out by a diskator which basic purpose - preparation of the soil for crops without preliminary plowing. The density of arable horizon on arable land correspond to typical values for a cultivated or a new-ploughed arable land. With the depth of the soil profile, this ratio increases, but it is lower than typical values for the subsurface horizons. The density of the solid phase varies slightly. In the upper organogenic horizons of the hayland and pasture, it is low due to the occurrence of organic matter. In the lower horizons, it is slightly higher and corresponds to the density of the solid phase for mineral soils. The porosity of the studied soils is in inverse proportion to density. The porosity of the upper horizons is perfect, and the horizons correspond to the cultural-arable layer. The porosity of the lower horizons is satisfactory. The hygroscopic moisture content of the soils under study varies in the wide range (0,7-9,9%). The maximum hygroscopicity in the sandy loam horizons is low (2-4%) and it is higher in loamy horizons (4-7%). The permanent wilting point ranges from 2,7 to 11,7%, and total water capacity - from 25,9 to 50,4%. Comparison of physical-chemical and water-physical properties of the studied soils of intermountain basins of the Altai Mountains with those of the same type of soils of the Altai territory and adjacent regions of Western Siberia indicates their proximity and even some advantage.
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Miechówka, Anna, and Marek Drewnik. "Rendzina soils in the Tatra Mountains, central Europe: a review." Soil Science Annual 69, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2018-0009.
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Abstract The article presents the overview of the rendzinas found in the Polish Tatra mountains based on literature data and unpublished authors results and observations. Particular attention was paid to soil properties related to the high mountain environment in Poland occurring only in the the Tatra Mountains. The influence of soil forming factors on the genesis of rendzinas and their spatial distribution was described. Furthermore the soils properties were analysed in order of distinguished soil units. Finally the proposal for classification of Tatra rendzinas was given.
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Gasimzade, T. "Agro-industrial Soil Grouping of the Shirvan Massif of Azerbaijan." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/42/19.
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On the basis of quality of soil score of the Shirvan massif of Azerbaijan, it has become possible to conduct an agro-industrial assessment, calculate the weighted average of the soil, the coefficient of comparative dignity of the soil and the division of plots into qualitative groups. The group of high-quality soils in Mountain Shirvan includes mountain meadow chernozem, mountain meadow-brown cultivated, mountain brown meadow irrigated, etc., and in flat Shirvan there are meadow–sierozem dark long-irrigated, meadow–sierozem dark irrigated and other soils. The average calculated score of these soils in the territory is 91 and 94.
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MOSHCHENKO, Daria, Anna KUZINA, and Sergey KOLESNIKOV. "Ecologically safe nickel concentrations in soils of the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2022-14-3-401-409.
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An extensive number of enterprises are located on the territory of the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus. Emissions from these industrial facilities enter the atmosphere, settle on the soil, drain into reservoirs. Among the main pollutants is the heavy metal nickel (Ni). Nickel is at the same time a vital chemical element, and, at the same time, it can act as a toxicant metal that can cause mutations. Its biological role depends on the concentration of metal in the soil. The aim of the study is to establish ecologically safe concentrations of nickel for the soils of the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus. Materials and methods of research. Nickel oxides were added to soil samples at a dose of 100, 1000, and 10000 mg/ kg and incubated in plastic vessels at a temperature of 20-22 °C and 55-60% soil moisture. In this work, the biological parameters of soils were determined on the basis of methods generally accepted in soil science and ecology (phytotoxicity of soils, total number of bacteria, catalase activity, dehydrogenase activity, abundance of Azotobacter bacteria, changes in cellulolytic activity). According to the indicators of microbiological, biochemical and phytotoxic parameters, we calculated IIBS - an integral indicator of the biological state of the soil The results obtained and their discussion. Based on the analysis of the soils of the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus, the following were ranked according to their resistance to nickel contamination: ordinary chernozem (91) >chernozem podzolized (mountain) (84) ≥ chernozem typical (mountain) (83) ≥ chernozems leached (mountain) (82) = mountain-meadow chernozem-likes (82) ≥ mountain-meadow sod-peaty (80) ≥ mountain meadow-steppe (78) ≥ sod-calcareouses (76) ≥ dark gray forest(75) ≥ mountain-meadow soddy (71) ≥ brown forest weakly unsaturated(68).The greater the soil IPBS, the more resistant the biological indicators of this type of soil are to nickel contamination. The study made it possible to calculate the regional maximum permissible concentrations (rMPC) of Ni in the soils of the Сentral Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus. For this purpose, regression equations were constructed reflecting the dependence of the IIBS of each studied soil on the content of Ni in it. The rMPC of Ni in ordinary chernozem is 170 mg/kg, in typical chernozem (mountain) and mountain meadow chernozem-like soil — 160 mg/kg, in podzolized chernozem (mountain) — 150 mg/kg, in leached chernozem and mountain meadow turf-peat soil — 130 mg/kg, in sod—carbonate and dark gray forest — 120 mg/ kg, in mountain meadow-steppe — 145 mg/kg, in mountain meadow turf — 140 mg/kg, in brown forest slightly unsaturated — 100 mg/kg.
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Musielok, Łukasz, Marek Drewnik, Wojciech Szymański, and Mateusz Stolarczyk. "Classification of mountain soils in a subalpine zone – a case study from the Bieszczady Mountains (SE Poland)." Soil Science Annual 70, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2019-0015.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to test the suitability of the 6th edition of Polish Soil Classification (SGP6) in reflecting the typical features of subalpine Bieszczady Mts. soils in comparison with the 5th edition of Polish Soil Classification (SGP5) and the newest version of World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). Five soil profiles located in differentiated in terms of the parent material, topography and vegetation conditions of the natural environment were investigated. On the basis of described morphology and determined properties soils were classified according to different soil classifications. All soils under study were featured by presence of thick A horizons and high content of soil organic carbon accumulated even very deep in the profiles. Some of the mineral topsoil layers were classified as umbric/umbrik horizons. Moreover cambic/kambik horizons were present and in some cases also weak redoximorphic features occurred. The SGP6 enabled to distinguish soils with a thick, organic carbon-rich A horizons as umbrisols, a newly created subtype of grey soils. Furthermore, the soil taxonomic position according to SGP6 was more detailed in relation to the soil trophic status (in case of brown soils) and occurrence of weak redoximorphic features. That was reflected in number of subtypes to which analyzed soils were classified – 4 in SGP6 vs 2 in SGP5.
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Isaeva, S. Sh. "ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SOILS IN THE GUSAR-GONAGKEND CADASTRAL REGION OF AZERBAIJAN." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 3 (October 24, 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2020-56-3-46-54.
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The scientific research of land resourceswhich develops the ways of organizing the effective use and protection of lands based on the ecological assessment of soils serve to create ecologically and economically balanced high-yielding and sustainable agricultural landscapes, maximally adapted to the local ecological situation. The soil bonitet scores of the studied territory were determined according to the results of analyzes and mathematical and statistical processing of data from soil-field and laboratory studies carried out in the Gusar-Gonagkend cadastral region in 2014–2016. Fund and literary soil materials have also influences the results. According to the methods of D.S. Bulgakov, G.Sh. Mamedova and S.Z. Mamedova special assessment scales for the compliance of soils with the ecological requirements of summer pastures, mesophytic forests, perennial plantations, grain and vegetable crops were developed. On the basis of these rating scales, an ecological assessment of the soils of the Gusar-Gonagkend cadastral region was carried out. The main limiting factors affecting soil fertility were determined, and the ecological scores of the soil subtypes of the study area were calculated. As a result of the research, it was found that the limiting factors for the soils of the high-mountainous zone of the Gusar-Gonagkend cadastral region are the steepness of slopes and soil fertility indicators; for soils of the mid-mountain zone - the steepness of slopes, the sum of active temperatures, pH values and particle size distribution; for the soils of the low-mountain zone - the amount of precipitation and indicators of soil fertility. The highest ecological points in the high-mountainous zone were obtained by mountain-meadow black soil-like soils (93 points), in the middle-mountain zone - mountain-forest brown typical (89 points), in the low-mountain zone - mountain-gray-brown dark and ordinary soils (93 points).
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Ismailova, Nazaket. "Management of the Forest Soils Fertility Based on Ecological Models in the South-Eastern Part of the Great Caucasus." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 1 (October 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2019.1.1.
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The bloks which are a structural part of the ecological fertility model in the mountain-forest brown and mountain-forest brown soils on the south-eastern slope of the Great Caucasus besides an importance of the ecological models composition have been analyzed in the article. By the main purpose of the given investigations a creation of ecological models of fertility was mountain-forest brown soils (middle mountain broken) and mountainforest brown soils (low mountain (mean broken), interrelation and dependence of biocenosis condition on the environment factors are studied a role of the main parameters (climate, relief, soil and etc) is revealed, the real and optimal parameters of the environment are established for the ecological models blocks creation. The model consists of 7 (seven) blocks: agroecological block soil structure block, soil regimes block, soil features block. value block, agromelioration block and forests biometric block. During the model blocks compiling the main diagnostic indiced as a granulometric composition, humus quantity and supply, water suspension pH, NPK, bulky mass, porosity and water-stable aggregates (> 0,25mm and > 1,00mm) in the mountain-forest brown and mountain-forest brown soils have been taken into account. A comparative character of the ecological fertility models in two different soil types which are dominant in forest ecosystems has been given.
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Hao, Chengyuan, Hebing Zhang, and Jian Zhou. "Comparative Analysis on Soil Basic Properties Between Southern and Northern Slopes in Funiu Mountain, China." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001408010636.
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The spatial variation of soil physical and chemical properties in Funiu Mountain was studied to provide references for identifying soil spatial variation mechanism in bordering land of China warm temperate zone and northern subtropical region. Using vertical gradient sampling and traditional statistics method, the soil samples at the altitude from 1640 m to 1870 m were collected to compare physical and chemical properties between south and north slopes of the Funiu Mountain. The results showed that soil pH, soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen were remarkably correlated with altitude change, but soil electrical conductivity, soil available nitrogen, available phosphors, available potassium, and total potassium were not related to altitude. With the increase of altitude, soil pH and total nitrogen increased, but soil organic matter decreased. Compared with the soil properties of northern slope in Funiu Mountain, soil acidity, electrical conductivity, and available nitrogen were higher in southern slope. Especially, the soil available nitrogen was much higher than the mean value observed in northern slope samples. The contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, and total potassium showed no striking difference on between southern and northern slopes. In conclusion, both altitude and slope direction significantly influenced spatial variation of soil properties in Funiu Mountain. It added to the boundary effect of Qinling Mountains, and revealled the interaction mechanism of the environmental elements such as land-climate-soil-ecosystem in Funiu Mountain.
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Farias, Phâmella Kalliny Pereira, Carolina Malala Martins Souza, Jeane Cruz Portela, Isadora Nayara Bandeira Medeiros de Moura, and Ana Carla Rodrigues da Silva. "GENESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS OF THE SANTANAMOUNTAIN RANGE IN THE SERIDÓ REGION, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 4 (December 2018): 1017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n425rc.
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ABSTRACT Rio Grande do Norte has mountain formations with edaphoclimatic conditions different from those predominating in the state, presenting deeper,acid soils, and milder climate. Among these formations, is the Santana mountain range, which is part of the Serra do Martins Formation. The objective of this work was to interpret the pedogenesis of the representative soils of the Santana mountain range through morphological, physical, and chemical characterizations of soil profiles and evaluate the effect of these attributes on the distribution of pedological forms along the landscape using multivariate analysis. Morphological, physical, and chemical analyses of seven soil profiles of the Santana mountain range were performed. The soils were classified according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System and the data subjected to multivariate analysis. The representative soil classes found were: LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico argissólico; LATOSSOLO AMARELO Eutrófico argissólico; NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico típico; NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO Eutrófico fragmentário; NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO Eutrófico típico and CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO Tb Eutrófico léptico. According to the analysis of the morphological attributes, the parent material had great influence on the formation of the different soil classes found in the Santana mountain range. The soil textural classes varied from sand to sandy clay loam. According to the analysis of the chemical attributes, the soil profiles presented acid reaction, great variation of base saturation, and low electrical conductivity. The multivariate analysis established groups of representative soil profiles of the Santana mountain range through the distinction of their physical and chemical attributes, mainly of subsurface diagnostic horizons.
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Barančíková, G., T. Liptaj, and N. Prónayová. "Phosphorus fractions in arable and mountain soils and their humic acids." Soil and Water Research 2, No. 4 (January 7, 2008): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2111-swr.
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Soil phosphorus (P) can exist in various inorganic (Pi) and organic forms (Po). Specific determination of Pi can be obtained by fractionate methods. However, the discrimination between the chemically different forms of Po in soil is not simple. Nowadays, the method of choice for the determination of various soil inorganic and organic P compounds is <sup>31</sup>P NMR. In this paper, the determination of various phosphorus forms (available P, total P, Pi and Po fractions) in arable and mountain soils is presented. Besides, the detailed characterisation of P compounds in humic acids (HA) is also shown. The results obtained show that the highest content of the available P can be found in arable soils with a high input of fertilisers, and that the predominant part of Pi is included in hardly soluble fractions, mainly in the soil types with neutral soil reaction. Our data also show the correlation between total P and Po, the dominant form of P in the topsoil of mountain soils. Phosphomonoesters represent the major types of P in HA structure. The correlations between phosphomonoesters of type I and some humification parameters of HA and qualitative parameters of soil organic matter suggest that higher amounts of more recalcitrant monoesters can be found in more mature soil organic matter with a higher humification degree.
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DEGTYAREVA, Tatyana, and Yuri KARAEV. "REGULARITIES OF THE MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION FORMATION OF SOILS UNDER THE MOUNTAIN-MEADOW VEGETATION OF THE GREATER CAUCASUS." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-3-343-351.
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Report. The purpose of the work is to identify the features of the formation of the microelement composition of soils under the mountain meadow vegetation of the Greater Caucasus based on the analysis of literary materials and the results of our own field research. Methods. The study of the microelement composition of soils under subalpine and alpine vegetation was carried out on the territory of the Teberdinsky State Biosphere Reserve. Traditional methods of soil-geochemical studies were used with the laying of soil sections, the selection of soil samples and their analysis for the content of four trace elements (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd). Determination of trace elements was carried out by voltammetric and atomic absorption methods. The humus content was determined by the Tyurin method with wet salting, the pH of the water extract was determined potentiometrically. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed in the Statistica 10 program. The microelement composition of soil-forming rocks was compared with the clarks of chemical elements in the upper part of the continental crust; the microelement composition of mountain-meadow soils was compared with the clarks of the soils of the world. The radial distribution of trace elements in the soil profile was analyzed. The qualitative trace element composition of soils was characterized as a sequence of decreasing the content of trace elements in the humus horizon. Results. It is established that the microelement composition of soils under the mountain-meadow vegetation of the Western Caucasus is formed under specific conditions that affect the course of soil processes. High solar insolation, low temperatures, intensive humidification throughout the year affects the features of the processes of humification, the formation of clay minerals in the soil and other products of intra-soil weathering. The predominance of acid hydrolysis processes leads to the predominant accumulation of aluminosilicates, Fe hydroxides, chelated organomineral complexes in the soil profile, which play a leading role in the binding of trace elements. The microelement composition of mountain-meadow soils under subalpine vegetation is formed with more intensive processes of humus formation and oglinivaniya. These soils are characterized by a more pronounced biogenic accumulation of Cu and Zn in the humus horizon, the illuvial nature of the Cd distribution is more pronounced. The microelement composicomposition of mountain-meadow soils under alpine and rock-scree vegetation is formed against the background of relatively weakened processes of humus formation, humus accumulation and oglinivaniya. This affects the lower intensity of biogenic accumulation of trace elements, their leaching into the lower part of the profile. Conclusions. The main regularities of the formation of the microelement composition of mountain-meadow soils are determined by the special conditions in which these soils develop. The fixation of trace elements in mountain-meadow soils occurs mainly on aluminosilicates, Fe, Mn hydroxides and chelated organomineral complexes, which largely form the silty fraction. The movement of silty particles along the soil profile leads to the redistribution of trace elements associated with them. The granulometric composition, which is an indicator of the content of the silty fraction and its distribution along the soil profile, is of great importance when characterizing the microelement composition of mountain meadow soils. The established regularities of the formation of the microelement composition of mountain-meadow soils allow us to determine the main directions of economic activity that will contribute to the preservation of their ecological state. This is, first of all, the rational use of pasture resources of mountain meadows with the introduction of a system of alternating mowing, changing the main pastures with spare ones during the year for their restoration. An important component should be monitoring changes in the trace element composition of mountain meadow soils, which will allow timely response to changes and make adjustments to the structure of the use of these soils.
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VOŞGAN, Zorica, Lucia MIHALESCU, Roxana VIDICAN, Monica MARIAN, Stela JELEA, and Oana MARE ROŞCA. "Monitoring the Vegetation Communities on the Southern Slope of the Gutai Mountains on the Basis of Ecological Indices." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 75, no. 1 (May 18, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:001117.
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The analysis of the composition on the ecologic categories of the mountain region flora of the southern slope of the Gutai Mountains was carried out to monitor the adaptive and evolutionary process of the species. To achieve the spectrum of the ecological categories consideration was given to the preferences of the species against the main ecological factors: edaphic humidity (U), air temperature (T) and soil reaction (R). The results obtained are well-suited to the ecological character of the mountain flora, the stenoionic species illustrate the neutrophilic acid character of soils, with some peculiarities related to the type of mother rocks.
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Thawai, Chitti. "Pseudonocardia soli sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 68, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 1307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002672.
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Kämpfer, P., A. B. Arun, H. J. Busse, S. Langer, C. C. Young, W. M. Chen, A. A. Syed, and P. D. Rekha. "Virgibacillus soli sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.020974-0.
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A Gram-positive bacterium (strain CC-YMP-6T) was isolated from soil samples collected from Yang-Ming Mountain, Taiwan. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CC-YMP-6T clearly belonged to the genus Virgibacillus and was most closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus halophilus (96.2 % similarity) and Virgibacillus kekensis (96.3 %). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-7 and the polar lipid profile was composed of the major components diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified phospholipid plus moderate amounts of two unidentified aminophospholipids and a phospholipid. The polyamine pattern comprised spermidine as the single major component with spermine and putrescine present in minor amounts. The major fatty acids of strain CC-YMP-6T were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the clear phenotypic differentiation of strain CC-YMP-6T from all recognized species of the genus Virgibacillus. Strain CC-YMP-6T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-YMP-6T (=DSM 22952T=CCM 7714T).
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Lee, Keun Chul, Kwang Kyu Kim, Mi Kyung Eom, Jong-Shik Kim, Dae-Shin Kim, Suk-Hyung Ko, and Jung-Sook Lee. "Aneurinibacillus soli sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_11 (November 1, 2014): 3792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.066779-0.
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A novel bacterial strain designated CB4T was isolated from soil from the Hallasan, Jeju, Korea. Strain CB4T was found to be strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile and formed creamy greyish colonies on nutrient agar. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant isoprenoid quinone as MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained glycine and alanine as the diagnostic amino acids and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid as the polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CB4T was 46.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, showed that strain CB4T forms a deep branch within the genus Aneurinibacillus , sharing the highest level of sequence homology with Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus DSM 5562T (96.5 %). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain CB4T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Aneurinibacillus , for which the name Aneurinibacillus soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CB4T ( = KCTC 33505T = CECT 8566T). An emended description of the genus Aneurinibacillus is also proposed.
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Reyna-Bowen, Lizardo, Jarosław Lasota, Lenin Vera-Montenegro, Baly Vera-Montenegro, and Ewa Błońska. "Distribution and Factors Influencing Organic Carbon Stock in Mountain Soils in Babia Góra National Park, Poland." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 3070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153070.
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The objective of this study was to determine the soil organic carbon stock (T-SOC stock) in different mountain soils in the Babia Góra National Park (BNP). Environmental factors, such as the topography, parent material, and vegetation, were examined for their effect on carbon stock. Fifty-nine study plots in different BNP locations with diverse vegetation were selected for the study. In each study plot, organic carbon stock was calculated, and its relationships with different site factors were determined. The results reveal that the SOC stocks in the mountain soils of the BNP are characterized by high variability (from 50.10 to 905.20 t ha − 1 ). The general linear model (GLM) analysis indicates that the soil type is an important factor of soil organic carbon stock. Topographical factors influence soil conditions and vegetation, which results in a diversity in carbon accumulation in different mountain soils in the BNP. The highest carbon stock was recorded in histosols (>550 t C ha − 1 ), which are located in the lower part of the BNP in the valleys and flat mountain areas.
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Eremija, Sasa. "Characteristics of the soil in mountain beech communities on mountain Manjaca." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 98 (2008): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0898075e.
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The presented results of soil study, which will be used for defining the beech forest types of management unit 'Dubicka Gora' on Mt. Manjaca, are the basis for solving a series of current tasks of forestry profession. Relief and chemical nature of limestone are the main factors of the soil cover differentiation (Knezevic, Kosanin, 2004.). The results of physical and chemical soil properties are shown and its taxonomy is determined. Forest cover is represented by heterogeneous units-forest combinations. Four basic soil types are defined on the basis of detailed field and laboratory research: rendzina on dolomite, chernozem on limestone, brown soil on limestone, illimerised soil on limestone and dolomite.
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Ismailova, N. "Ecological Assessment of Relief and Climatic Parameters on the Basis of GIS of Forest-Landscape Complexes of the South-Eastern Part of the Greater Caucasus." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/06.
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The forest-covered areas of the south-eastern part of the Greater Caucasus can be divided into three soil-ecological regions or forest formations, which differ from each other in relief, climate, soil and vegetation. These are: hornbeam-beech-oak mesophilic forests of the middle mountains; lowland oak-hornbeam xerophyte forests; Arid forests with low mountain juniper composition Ecological points of forest formations spread in the area were found using price scales and final quality points of soils in accordance with the ecological requirements of plants in the south-eastern part of the Greater Caucasus.
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Wang, Ruzhen, Xue Wang, Yong Jiang, Artemi Cerdà, Jinfei Yin, Heyong Liu, Xue Feng, Zhan Shi, Feike A. Dijkstra, and Mai-He Li. "Soil properties determine the elevational patterns of base cations and micronutrients in the plant–soil system up to the upper limits of trees and shrubs." Biogeosciences 15, no. 6 (March 26, 2018): 1763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1763-2018.
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Abstract. To understand whether base cations and micronutrients in the plant–soil system change with elevation, we investigated the patterns of base cations and micronutrients in both soils and plant tissues along three elevational gradients in three climate zones in China. Base cations (Ca, Mg, and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, and Zn) were determined in soils, trees, and shrubs growing at lower and middle elevations as well as at their upper limits on Balang (subtropical, SW China), Qilian (dry temperate, NW China), and Changbai (wet temperate, NE China) mountains. No consistent elevational patterns were found for base cation and micronutrient concentrations in both soils and plant tissues (leaves, roots, shoots, and stem sapwood). Soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TN), the SOC to TN ratio (C : N), and soil extractable nitrogen (NO3− and NH4+) determined the elevational patterns of soil exchangeable Ca and Mg and available Fe, Mn, and Zn. However, the controlling role of soil pH and SOC was not universal as revealed by their weak correlations with soil base cations under tree canopies at the wet temperate mountain and with micronutrients under both tree and shrub canopies at the dry temperate mountain. In most cases, soil base cation and micronutrient availabilities played fundamental roles in determining the base cation and micronutrient concentrations in plant tissues. An exception existed for the decoupling of leaf K and Fe with their availabilities in the soil. Our results highlight the importance of soil physicochemical properties (mainly SOC, C : N, and pH) rather than elevation (i.e., canopy cover and environmental factors, especially temperature), in determining base cation and micronutrient availabilities in soils and subsequently their concentrations in plant tissues.
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Ts.Davaakhuu and A.Orkhonselenge. "Soil geochemistry on hillslope." Геологийн асуудлууд 15 (February 23, 2023): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/.v15i01.2277.
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This study reveals Soil geochemistry of Mt.Ovoot in the northeast of Khangai Mountain Range, Mongolia. This work is mainly focused on natural processes of sediment transportation through surface and subsurface flows in Mt.Ovoot based on movement of microelements with in soil profiles along the mountain slopes and sediment analyses of particle sizes and shapes. The main purpose is (1) to synthesize previous researches on landscape development in Mongolia, (2) to determine the chemical and physical properties of soils, and (3) analyzing hill slope process soil geochemistry and explain process. During the measurement, two gullies were observed on the lower slope, which occupy area of 9.6 hectares. Movement of the microelements and sediment analyses show intensive slope processes in the Mt.Ovoot. Each surface soil on upper slope contains microelements less than those on lower slope of the mountain, where sediments have been more round and finer. Besides, trace elements of hill slope geochemistry analyzed that modified by anthropogenic towards the hill slope in Mt. Ovoot.
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Manafova, Y. K. "SOME DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETERS OF TYPICAL SOILSON NORTH-EASTERN SLOPE OF THEGREAT CAUCASUS IN AZERBAIJAN." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/19-2/16.
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The article describes the physical-geographical position, geomorphological, geological, climate and hydrological conditions of the North-Eastern slope of the Great Caucasus. The morphogenetic picture of the typical mountain-forest brown, residual calcareous mountain-forest brown, and mountain grey-brown soil profiles is given. The morphogenetic description of the soil resource horizons in the soil profile was performed according to the WRB system. The modern state of agricultural land was comparatively analyzed by examining principal diagnostic indices. The study was confined to Gusar District of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The geographical coordinates of each soil section were determined. The soil formation conditionswere characterized depending on vegetation cover, soil forming rock, slope exposition, and hypsometric level. The soils have been comparatively assessed by humus quality (main indicator of soil fertility), total nitrogen content, pH, calcareous quantity, granulometric composition, and base exchange capacity.
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Salesa, D., and A. Cerdà. "Four-year soil erosion rates in a running-mountain trail in eastern Iberian Peninsula." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3826.
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During the last decades, the use of mountain trails for running is more and more popular. New trails are opened to allow the runners to practice and compete. This form of human impact on the landscape is new as the new trails do not follow the conservation strategies in design and maintenance as traditional mountain trails constructed by farmers, shepherds and muleteers do. This impact of sport events in nature is not measured and we know little about this impact on vegetation, fauna and soils. We surveyed in September 2018 a trail that was opened in September 2014 and was used for four official mountain trail races, and for training by local runners. Our interviews with organizers and users show that 1054 runners passed during the competition days (4 races in 4 years) and over the 4-year period the trail was used approximately 43,800 times by a runner. We measured the current topography and calculated the soil lost. The results show extremely high erosion rates in the sloping terrain, with the highest rates in the north-facing slope, reaching up to 180.29 Mg ha-1 y-1, while in the flat section of the trail soil erosion rates are 107.56 Mg ha-1 y-1 and in the south-facing slope trail 128.93 Mg ha-1 y-1. Our study demonstrates that (i) soil erosion rates on trails can be easily estimated by measuring the deepest trail position enabling fast and cheap surveys; and (ii) that there is a need to establish conservation strategies on new trails to avoid non-sustainable soil losses in the Mediterranean mountains due to the sport activities such as the mountain trail races.
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Glina, Bartłomiej, and Adam Bogacz. "Selected issues relating to classification of mountain organic soils in Poland according to the Polish Soil Classification (2011)." Soil Science Annual 67, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2016-0023.
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AbstractDespite a large number of organic soil types and subtypes in the Polish Soil Classification the problems of organic soils classification are still very common. In relation to mountain organic soils, in particular. The aim of this paper is to discuss the most common problems related to mountain organic soils classification according to the Polish Soil Classification. Based on authors’ own research and literature studies mentioned problem was described. This work allows to define some new proposals, which should be considered during developing of the next update of the Polish Soil Classification (PSC). The most important proposals related to: criteria for organic materials and organic soils, taxonomy position and criteria for shallow organic soils and new definition of mineral material admixture in organic soils.
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Shan, Jin Bao, Wei Wei Jiang, and Shi Le Mu. "Soil Erosion Monitoring System of Large Areas Based on Dynamic Priority GPRS Remote Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2015.
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Soil and water loss monitoring is an important part of work for soil and water conservation, the monitoring and assessment of soil and water loss in large area is related to many security field. The remote GPRS network control system is used for large area soil and water loss monitoring in this paper, monitoring system is designed and implemented for soil and water loss based on dynamic priority mountains of GPRS remote network. The hardware and software of the system is realized, in the design of software, the particle swarm optimization algorithms is used to analyze some information distortion, the calculation of the loss is optimized and it is more accurate. Soil and water loss in Nanjing area with a wide range of incentives in the mountain is taken for test, the system can give the mountain soil erosion data monitoring in real-time, the monitoring area is more than 10 square kilometers with signals not break, and the accuracy is better.
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Kostenko, I. V., and N. E. Opanasenko. "Comparative Characteristics of Mountain-Forest and Mountain-Meadow Soils of Dolgorukovskaya Yayla (the Crimean Mountains)." Eurasian Soil Science 53, no. 7 (July 2020): 859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229320070078.
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Cui, Bao Jian, De Gang Kong, Hai Yong Jiang, Jiang Tao Liu, Yu Ling Li, and Jing Gang Yi. "Forest Seed Loam Cutting and Collecting Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 707 (December 2014): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.707.348.
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In view of the field work environment of artificial larch forest in the mountains, The forest seed Loam cutting and collecting machine is designed for adapting to the mountain woodland inter-row work environment. The machine finishes completing the soil cutting and collecting through a homework, meeting the job requirements, and the operation is simple、the ability is strong, it can meet the need of mountain forest farm.
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CICŞA, Avram, Gheorghe Marian TUDORAN, Maria BOROEANU, Alexandru C. DOBRE, and Gheorghe SPÂRCHEZ. "Influence of Soil Genesis Factors on Gurghiu Mountain Forest Soils’ Physical and Chemical Properties." Series II: Forestry • Wood Industry • Agricultural Food Engineering 14(63), no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2021.14.63.2.1.
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This research aimed to determine the values of chemical properties and the relationships between the main pedoecological factors that characterize the soils in the Gurghiu Mountains. The mapping surveys were carried out on an area of 4,647.36 ha located in the mixed mountain forest sites (FM2) (1,000–1,400 m altitude). The area was stratified into homogeneous site units in terms of climate, hydricity, and trophicity. At the level of the elementary site units, 35 main soil profiles and 46 control profiles were placed. The number of profiles was determined statistically to ensure an error of no more than 10%. Soil samples collected from the main profiles were analyzed in the laboratory. Soil’s properties values decreased on the soil’s profile (humus content from 15 to 2%, nitrogen from 1.1 to 0.5%, sum of exchangeable hydrogen from 20 to 9 me/100 g soil, and total cationic exchange capacity from 38 to 20 me/100 g soil), except the pH and the base saturation degree (the pH increased on profile from 4.5 to 6, and the base saturation degree from 40 to 70%). The soil properties, except for moisture, were significantly affected by altitude, and decreased when the altitude increased. Soil trophicity can be characterized by a soil index, the values of which were between 17 and 42 for the analyzed soils. These values indicated soil-specific trophicity levels from oligotrophic to eutrophic.
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Gorobtsova, Olga, Viktoria Chadaeva, Fatima Gedgafova, Tatyana Uligova, Rustam Tembotov, and Elena Khakunova. "The current state of mountain meadow soils of subalpine pasture ecosystems of the Central Caucasus (elbrus altitudinal zonality)." BIO Web of Conferences 35 (2021): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213500009.
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Intensive recreational, agricultural and logistics land use in uplands leads to their transformation and degradation. Subalpine meadow ecosystems of Central Caucasus are traditionally used for grazing and mowing. The work determined the current state of soils on pastures (mountain meadow-steppe subalpine soil and mountain meadow subalpine soil) and the level of changes of their properties under different stages of pasture degradation were defined. The efficacy of 4-stage assessment system for evaluating the pasture degradation of grasslands dominated by Bromus variegatus M. Bieb. was shown for the assessment of soil cover condition. The reduce of estimated soil indicators and degradation of soils under pastures with maximal degradation stage (DS3) of meadow ecosystems was statistically significant.
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Guliyeva, N. "Formation of the Main Types of Soils in the Western Part of Azerbaijan Depending on Soil and Ecological Conditions." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/61/04.
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The presented article describes the climatic conditions of the Ganja-Gazakh zone, a brief description of the areas of formation of the main soil types, in particular mountain gray-brown, dark mountain gray-brown, gypsum clay mountain gray-brown, gray-brown, dark gray-brown, ordinary gray-brown, light gray-brown, meadow gray-brown soils.
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Torres-Duque, Fabiola, Armando Gómez-Guerrero, Libia I. Trejo-Téllez, Valentín J. Reyes-Hernández, and Arian Correa-Díaz. "Soil inorganic nitrogen pulses and leaf nitrogen resorption in two Pinus hartwegii Lindl. forests." Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente 28, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2021.02.010.
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Introduction: Nutrient movement in high mountain forests generates information on their functioning and response to climate change effects. Nitrogen dynamics in these ecosystems has been poorly studied. Objective: To quantify N reservoirs in forest litter, topsoil (0-10 cm) and needle litterfall, and to measure temporal concentrations of nitrate and ammonium in topsoil and N resorption (ReabsN) in the Jocotilán (JO) and Tláloc (TL) mountains of central Mexico. Materials and methods. A total of 108 (JO) and 128 (TL) soil and needle litterfall samples were collected for one year. N and ReabsN reservoirs were compared between mountains using the Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). Temporal trends of soil moisture, N and ReabsN forms were analyzed with linear mixed models, setting time and mountain as fixed factors. Results and discussion. Gravimetric moisture, total N, and nitrate and ammonium concentrations were not different between mountains. Total inorganic N (ammonium + nitrate) in JO was higher than in TL (46 vs. 41 mg∙kg-1). N in needle litterfall and soil were higher in JO, but ReabsN in TL was higher (60 vs. 55 %). Soil moisture, ammonium and ReabsN had a seasonal pattern of cubic trend (P < 0.05), denoting N pulses. Conclusions. Forests showed differences in N dynamics in needle litterfall, resorption and soil inorganic forms of N, indicating that it is possible to differentiate their functioning according to this nutrient.
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Doneva, Katerina, Milena Kercheva, Emil Dimitrov, Emiliya Velizarova, and Maria Glushkova. "Thermal properties of Cambisols in mountain regions under different vegetation covers." Soil and Water Research 17, No. 2 (March 4, 2022): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/94/2021-swr.
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Soil thermal properties regulate the thermal and water balance and influence the soil temperature distribution. The aim of the current study is to present data on the changes in the thermal properties of Cambisols at different ratios between the water content and the air in the pore space under different vegetation covers in mountain regions. The undisturbed soil samples were taken from the surface soil layers under grassland, deciduous and coniferous forests in three experimental stations of the Forest Research Institute – Gabra in Lozen Mountain, Govedartsi in Rila Mountain and Igralishte in Maleshevska Mountain. The soil thermal conductivity (λ), the thermal diffusivity (α) and the volumetric heat capacity (C<sub>v</sub>) were measured with the SH-1 sensor of a KD2Pro device at different matric potentials in laboratory conditions. The thermal conductivity of the investigated soils was also measured with the TR-1 sensor of a KD2Pro device at the transitory soil moisture in field conditions. An increase in the thermal properties with the soil water content was best pronounced for λ and depended inversely on the total porosity. As the total porosity increased with the soil organic carbon content and decreased with the skeleton content, the lowest value of λ was established in the surface horizons of Dystric Cambisols (Humic) in the experimental station in Govedartsi. The soil thermal conductivity increased with the depth under the deciduous forest (Gabra and Igralishte) due to the lower soil organic carbon content (SOC) and the total porosity. There were no such changes in the subsurface horizon under the grassed associations. The increase in the heat capacity with the water content depended on the SOC to less extent. In the horizons with a SOC of less than 1.5%, the changes in the thermal diffusivity over the whole range of wetness were 1.7 times higher than those with a higher SOC.
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Moshchenko, D. I., Sergey I. Kolesnikov, A. A. Kuzina, Kamil S. Kazeev, Tatiana M. Minkina, A. A. Mezhenkov, Y. A. Litvinov, et al. "Comparative Assessment of the Resistance to Lead (Pb) Pollution of Forest, Forest-Steppe, Steppe, and Mountain-Meadow Soils of the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus Regions." Forests 13, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101528.
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Lead (Pb) is one of the most hazardous heavy-metal pollutants in the environment. However, the resistance of different soils and ecosystems to Pb pollution varies greatly. In the present study, the comparative assessment of the resistance to Pb contamination in the forest, forest-steppe, steppe, and mountain-meadow soils of the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus regions was conducted. There were 10 types and subtypes of objects from the forest, forest-steppe, steppe, and mountain-meadow soils which were selected for this study. The laboratory modeling of the effect of chemical soil contamination with lead (II) oxide (PbO) at different concentrations, 100, 1000, and 10,000 mg/kg, were introduced into the soil to check the microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic properties of the soil after 30 days of incubation. Soil resistance to Pb stress was assessed by the degree of the decrease in the most sensitive and informative biological indicators of the soil condition. It has been found that the forest-steppe and steppe soils showed a greater resistance than that of the forest and mountain-meadow soils. The regional maximum permissible concentration (rMPC) of Pb was developed for the first time, according to the degree of violation of the ecosystem functions of the soils. The forecast maps were developed for the deterioration of the soil condition during the Pb contamination at variable concentrations in the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus regions.
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Vranová, V., P. Formánek, K. Rejšek, and M. Pavelka. "Impact of land-use change on proteolytic activity of mountain meadows." Soil and Water Research 4, No. 3 (September 22, 2009): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2009-swr.
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Casein-protease activity assessed at 50°C and with adjustment of optimum pH conditions (PA), and casein-protease activity near soil pH and at field soil temperature (LPA) were studied one vegetation period in mountain meadow soils covered with moderately mown vegetation, and over which vegetation had been abandoned for thirteen years. PA peaked in the first part of the vegetation season whereas LPA increased throughout the season; in addition, LPA was not linearly related to temperature (r = 0.127 resp. 0.312; P > 0.05). The combined effect of field soil temperature and pH decreased a casein-protease activity by > 98.4%. A management of meadows had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on PA and LPA.
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Carbutt, Clinton, and Dave I. Thompson. "Mountain Watch: How LT(S)ER Is Safeguarding Southern Africa’s People and Biodiversity for a Sustainable Mountain Future." Land 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101024.
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Southern Africa is an exceptionally diverse region with an ancient geologic and climatic history. Its mountains are located in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes at a tropical–temperate interface, offering a rare opportunity to contextualise and frame our research from an austral perspective to balance the global narrative around sustainable mountain futures for people and biodiversity. Limited Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) was initiated more than a century ago in South Africa to optimise catchment management through sound water policy. The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) has resurrected many government LTER programmes and added observatories representative of the country’s heterogeneous zonobiomes, including its mountain regions. LTER in other Southern African mountains is largely absent. The current rollout of the Expanded Freshwater and Terrestrial Environmental Observation Network (EFTEON) and the Southern African chapters of international programmes such as the Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA), RangeX, and the Global Soil Biodiversity Observation Network (Soil BON), as well as the expansion of the Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN), is ushering in a renaissance period of global change research in the region, which takes greater cognisance of its social context. This diversity of initiatives will generate a more robust knowledge base from which to draw conclusions about how to better safeguard the well-being of people and biodiversity in the region and help balance livelihoods and environmental sustainability in our complex, third-world socio-ecological mountain systems.
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Belozertseva, I. A., and A. A. Sorokovoj. "Soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region." Geodesy and Cartography 940, no. 10 (November 20, 2018): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-940-10-54-64.
Full textAbstract:
On the basis of long-term researches of soils in the territory of Russia and Mongolia soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region is carried out. At division into districts the whole set of an environment of soil formation was considered. On the map of soil and ecological division into districts 13 mountain, mid-mountain, low-mountain taiga, foothill, hollow-valley, forest-steppe and steppe provinces reflecting surface device originality as the ratio of balance of heat and moisture forming a basis to zoning is shown against the background of difficult orography are allocated. In total 42 districts on lithologic-geomorphological features are allocated. In formation of distinctions of a soil cover of these provinces the leading role is played by bioclimatic factors and inside them the lithologic-geomorphological ones. In the view of structural approach of the district they are considered as territories with a certain natural change of several types of the soil cover structure caused by features of a relief and the parent rock. The map is made in the MapInfo program. It is revealed that on ill-defined width zoning of soils the vertical one which has a greater influence on soils of this region is imposed. Soils of the Baikal region are not similar to the soils located at the same latitude of the flat European territory of Russia. Zone soils of this territory are specific and original.
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Kolesnikov, S. I., D. I. Moshchenko, A. A. Kuzina, K. Sh Kazeev, A. A. Mezhenkov, and Yu A. Litvinov. "Assessment and Forecast of Soil Conditions of the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus with Chromium Contamination." Ecology and Industry of Russia 26, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2022-9-48-53.
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Laboratory simulation of pollution with chromium (VI) oxides of 11 main types and subtypes of soils in the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus was carried out: ordinary chernozems (Och), leached soil (Ls), podzolic soil (Ps), modal soil (Ms), redzina soil (Rs) , dark gray forest soil (Dgfs), slightly unsaturated brown forest soil (Subs), mountain-meadow soddy soil (Mmss), soddy-torfy soil (Sts), chernozemic soil (Chs), mountain meadow steppe soil (Mmsts). Impact analysis of 100, 1000 and 10000 mg/kg of chromium on the most sensitive and informative indicators of soil conditions (number of bacteria, enzyme activity, plant growth and development) and ecological functions of soils were performed. Regional ecologically safe concentrations of total chromium in the studied soils were established: Chs – 85 mg/kg, Ls, Och, Dgfs, Subs, Sts – 110 mg/kg, Rs – 115 mg/kg, Och – 120 mg/kg, Mmss – 125 mg/kg, Ms – 135 mg/kg, Mmsts – 140 mg/kg. Predictive deterioration maps of the biological state and violation of the ecological and agrarian soil functionality in the Central Ciscaucasia and the Caucasus in case of contamination with concentrated chromium were developed, indicating a very high environmental hazard of chromium.
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Hagedorn, Frank, Konstantin Gavazov, and Jake M. Alexander. "Above- and belowground linkages shape responses of mountain vegetation to climate change." Science 365, no. 6458 (September 12, 2019): 1119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax4737.
Full textAbstract:
Upward shifts of mountain vegetation lag behind rates of climate warming, partly related to interconnected changes belowground. Here, we unravel above- and belowground linkages by drawing insights from short-term experimental manipulations and elevation gradient studies. Soils will likely gain carbon in early successional ecosystems, while losing carbon as forest expands upward, and the slow, high-elevation soil development will constrain warming-induced vegetation shifts. Current approaches fail to predict the pace of these changes and how much they will be modified by interactions among plants and soil biota. Integrating mountain soils and their biota into monitoring programs, combined with innovative comparative and experimental approaches, will be crucial to overcome the paucity of belowground data and to better understand mountain ecosystem dynamics and their feedbacks to climate.
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Mehdiyev, G. "Mineralogical Features of Mountain-forest Brown and Mountain-brown Steppificated Soils of the Nakhichevan." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 3 (March 15, 2020): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/52/19.
Full textAbstract:
The mineralogical compositions of the investigated soils are examined in the article. The characteristic peculiarities of the qualitative and quantities composition of minerals in the mountain–forest brown and mountain–brown steppificated soils are investigated. It is revealed that the main minerals in these soils are montmorillonite which change at 7.5–16.0% on the profile, kaolinite minerals are only found in the low horizons of the mountain–brown steppificated soils and form 12.5–19.6%, illite (hydroslude) in the mountain–brown steppificated soils is met tattle quantity, but in the mountain–forest brown soils their number rises and forms at limits 2.0–1.05%. Minerals are found in the following limits in the studied soils and rocks: d-quartz (SiO2) changes at limits 10.2–20.1% in the mountain–brown steppificated soils. A content of potassic feldspar in the mountain–forest brown soils is very high and changes at limits 11.4–40.8%, hematite (Fe2O3) in comparison with the mountain–forest brown soils in the mountain–brown steppificated soils is higher and changes at limits 2.5–10.0%, volcanic dust in the mountain–forest brown soils is high and changes at limits 10.5–21.0%. In the soil experiments quantity of calcite in the mountain–brown steppificated soils is higher and changes at limits 4.8–16.4%, dolomite in the mountain–brown steppificated soils changes at limits 5.0–5.1%, salt (NaCl) in the mountain–brown steppificated is at limits 2.0–2.1%.
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Kostenko, I. V., and A. R. Nikiforov. "CHANGES IN THE CONTENT OF BIOAVAILABLE HEAVY METAL COMPOUNDS IN THE SOILS OF THE CRIMEAN MOUNTAIN PLATEAUS AFTER AFFORESTATION." FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES 1, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-20214112.
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About 3 thousand hectares of forest stands were created on the surface of the Crimean mountain plateaus in the middle of the 20th century as a result of afforestation. Studies on the influence of these stands on the properties of mountain meadow soils (Phaeozems) showed that under the forest vegetation, the consolidation of structural aggregates, a decrease in the humus content, and an increase in acidity compared to the soils under the meadow vegetation, which could also affect other soil properties, including the mobility of some metals, were observed. The work objective of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the content of Pb, Mn, Cu, and Zn compounds available for biota (1 M ammonium acetate) in the soil under mountain meadows, natural beech forest, and artificial forest stands. Following the obtained results, the available Pb, Mn, and Cu compounds accumulated in the afforested mountain meadow soils relative to the adjacent mountain meadows areas. Thus, the average Pb content in the soil layer of 0–10 cm under the mountain pine stands in comparison with the soil under meadow vegetation was 1.6 times higher, Mn – 1.2 times, Cu – 1.2 times. The Pb content was 2.5 times higher, Mn – 1.5 times higher, and Cu – 1.2 times higher under the silver birch stands. The Pb content was 2.2 times higher, Mn – 2.4 times higher, and Cu – 1.5 times higher under Siberian larch stands. The Pb content was 1.9 times higher, Mn – 1.1 times higher, Cu – 1.3 times higher under the sycamore maple stands, compared to the meadow. Differences between afforested and meadow soils in the content of these elements in most cases were significant, except for the Zn content, signs of accumulation of which under artificial stands were not revealed. The Pb, Mn, and Cu content in the brown forest lessive soil (Luvisols) under the oriental beech corresponded to their concentration under the larch, and the Zn content was significantly higher compared to the soil under all species. The main reason for the increase in the mobility of some elements under tree stands is their transition from immobile forms under the influence of increased acidity of afforested soils. Wood litter due to the low content of trace elements in its composition cannot be a source of their accumulation in the topsoil.
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Gedgafova, Fatima, Olga Gorobtsova, Tatyana Uligova, Rustam Tembotov, and Elena Khakunova. "Biological activity of mountain meadow subalpine soils of Central Caucasus." BIO Web of Conferences 35 (2021): 00008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213500008.
Full textAbstract:
Indicators of biological activity (humic content and stock, Cmic content and stock, hydrolytic and redox enzymes activity) were measured for the first time in the upper horizons of mountain meadow subalpine soils of Central Caucasus (elbrus altitudinal zonality in Kabardino-Balkaria). The comparative assessment was performed for the biological characteristics together with soil density and acid-base properties for soils of natural and pasture ecosystems. The integral index of ecological and biological soil state (IIEBSS) was calculated to estimate the level of changes in biological activity. It was shown that pasture degradation leads to 30% decrease of IIEBSS compared to the undisturbed soil. The defined biological parameters of natural undisturbed mountain meadow soils could be used as diagnostic indicators for the ecological studies of ecosystems under anthropogenic load.
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Rana, Sohel, Ziheng Xu, Razia Sultana Jemim, Zhen Liu, Yanmei Wang, Xiaodong Geng, Qifei Cai, et al. "Soil Quality Assessment in Tourism-Disturbed Subtropical Mountain Meadow Areas of Wugong Mountain, Central Southeast China." Life 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12081136.
Full textAbstract:
Meadow soil is a vital ecosystem component and can be influenced by meadow vegetation. Evaluating soil quality in mountain meadows subjected to different levels of tourism disturbance is essential for scientific research, ecological restoration, and sustainable management. This study aimed to evaluate meadow soil quality at different tourism-disturbance levels and attempted to establish a minimum data set (MDS) with compatible indicators for soil quality assessment of subtropical mountain meadows. We analyzed fifteen soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators in control check (CK), light disturbance (LD), medium disturbance (MD), and severe disturbance (SD) meadow areas in Wugong Mountain, west of Jiangxi, China. In addition, a soil quality index (SQI) was determined using the established MDS based on the integrated soil quality index. Average soil permeability, soil pH, available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and number of fungal OTUs were finally introduced into the MDS to evaluate meadow soil quality at different tourism-disturbance levels. The study found that the soil of the Wugong Mountain meadow was acidic, the bulk density was loose, and the nutrient content was rich. Additionally, SQI decreased with increase in tourism-disturbance level. The mean SQI values of the Wugong Mountain meadow areas were: CK, 0.612; LD, 0.493; MD, 0.448; and SD, 0.416. Our results demonstrate that the SQI based on the MDS method could be a valuable tool with which to indicate the soil quality of mountain meadow areas, and the SQI can be regarded as a primary indicator of ecological restoration and sustainable management.
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Harden, Carol P. "Soil Erosion and Sustainable Mountain Development." Mountain Research and Development 21, no. 1 (February 2001): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2001)021[0077:seasmd]2.0.co;2.
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