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Academic literature on the topic 'Mountain farming System'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Mountain farming System"

1

Daugstad, Karoline. "Resilience in Mountain Farming in Norway." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 25, 2019): 3476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123476.

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The concept of socio-ecological farm resilience is used to understand how farmers manoeuvre in a context of change, what choices and priorities they make, and how that subsequently influences the development of the farming landscape. The author uses farm resilience, the capabilities of buffering, adaptation and transformation, and the response of bouncing back or forward as a conceptual frame in a study of farmers in a mountain community in Norway. Interviews were held with selected farmers. The results indicated that the resilience framework is useful in order to understand farmers’ priorities and situations. The author finds that the responses and decisions are in line with all three capabilities as well as with bouncing back and forward. However, most responses were categorized as bouncing back (i.e. adjustments and changes) but the logic of the farm system remained the same.

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Azarov, Azamat, Roy C. Sidle, Dietrich Darr, Vladimir Verner, and Zbynek Polesny. "A Proposed Typology of Farming Systems for Assessing Sustainable Livelihood Development Pathways in the Tien Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan." Land 13, no. 2 (January 23, 2024): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13020126.

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In Kyrgyzstan, most farming systems focus on animal husbandry, which depends on mixtures of crops and pastures around settlements and higher-elevation summer pastures. These farms face the problems of insufficient fodder production and pasture degradation due to overgrazing, resulting in low productivity of livestock and reduced household incomes. The spatial diversity of farms often hampers the development of interventions aimed at improving crop and animal productivity, as well as sustainable grassland management, while the absence of a comprehensive and systematic classification system that effectively encompasses the diverse range of livelihood strategies within farming systems presents a significant obstacle to the advancement of initiatives promoting sustainable livelihoods. This study aimed to develop a consistent typology of smallholder farms in the Tien Shan using multivariate analysis. By analyzing data from 235 farm-households and evaluating key classification variables, we identified two distinct farming systems, upper mountain farms and lower mountain farms, based on socioeconomic and agro-ecological characteristics. Our typology considers elevation, grazing period, cultivated area, and off-farm income and better captures the diversity of farming activities and household income compared to current classification models. These findings will inform and tailor policies and interventions suitable for enhancing sustainable livelihoods in Kyrgyzstan’s mountain farming systems.

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Ghimire, Payaswini, and Prem Sagar Chapagain. "Livestock Movement in Gaurisankhar Valley, Dolakha, Nepal." Geographic Base 7 (December 31, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tgb.v7i0.34263.

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Animals are an integral part of subsistence farming system. They are considered as assets and are the source of food and manure. In mountains of Nepal, transhumance ruminant production system is practiced this practice of herding of cattle like Yak (Nak, Chauri)/ sheep has been practiced for generation in the mountains of Nepal. This study is based on household questionnaire survey, FGD and interview in Gaurishankar gaupalika shows the movement of sheep ranged from 1,200m to 4,500m elevation and the movement of Yak ranged from 2,000m to 3,500masl. The agricultural fields around the settlements are cultivated when the herds remained in high mountain pasture. After returning to the village, they are tied to the field and their waste is used for manuring the agricultural lands. The types and size of livestock has also undergone a significant change. The number of sheep and buffalo have decreased due to lack of market while the Yak farming has been gaining popularity because of increase in national and international demand for Yak products.

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Holubek, Ivan, and rudolf holubek. "PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MOUNTAIN GRASSLANDS IN LOW-INPUT FARMING SYSTEM." Journal of Central European Agriculture 14, no. 3 (2013): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/14.3.1324.

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Klima, Kazimierz, Joanna Puła, and Angelika Kliszcz. "Effect of conventional and organic farming on crop yielding and water erosion intensity on sloping farmland." Agronomy Science 77, no. 3 (October 28, 2022): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.3.

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The pro-health and pro-environmental assets of organic farming are a reason why this system is now promoted in agriculture. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of conventional and organic crop production (potato, oat, and spring vetch) on the yield, water erosion, losses of NPK nutrients, LAI, infiltration, and fresh mass of earthworms. From 2019 to 2021, a two-factor field experiment was carried out at the Mountain Experimental Station located in Czyrna (Southern Poland). The first factor included farming systems: conventional and organic. The second factor consisted of 3 crops grown with the use of crop rotation: 1. potato with manure; 2. oat; 3. spring vetch. Based on the experiment performed, it was found that the yield of the organically grown crops was on average 18.8% lower compared to that grown conventionally. Under the organic farming system, the mass of sheet wash was on average 6.47% smaller than that under the conventional farming system. As regards the NPK nutrients emitted into the environment, their losses was about 50% lower than that under the conventional system of farming, where there were applied artificially synthesized fertilizers and pesticides.

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Maritasari, Aridinasty, Benito Heru Purwanto, and Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami. "Adsorption and release of soil P in andisols under organic and conventional vegetable farming system." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 7, no. 2 (August 24, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.68740.

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Phosphorous (P) is strongly adsorbed by soil components, such as soil organic matter and soil amorphous minerals in Andisols, which have been identified as an influential factor in adsorption and release of soil P. The aim of this study was to characterize the pattern of soil P adsorption and release in both organic and conventional vegetable farming systems in Merbabu Mountain area, Indonesia. Soil samples were collected from soil layers (0 cm to 20 cm and 20 cm to 40 cm) in organic and conventional farming systems. The result showed that the highest adsorption rate was found in organic farming systems at a depth of 20 cm to 40 cm. The lowest adsorption rate was found in conventional farming systems with low input of organic matter at a depth of 20 cm to 40 cm. A higher rate of P release was also found in organic farming systems with a low input of organic matter. It can be concluded that vegetable soils in organic farming systems are not only highly capable of adsorbing P but also capable of releasing P rapidly.

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Guzmán, Fernando Diego, and Juan Pablo Alberghini. "Technological Strategies Implemented by Livestock Farmers Specialized in Goat Breeding in the Mountain Region of San Juan, Mendoza and La Rioja Provinces in Argentina." Pastures & Pastoralism 01 (April 9, 2023): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/pp0104.

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The goat farming is of great relevance in the mountain ranges of San Juan, La Rioja and Mendoza Provinces in Argentina. Out of the three, Mendoza province has the highest number of goats in the country. This system of production is majorly managed by the family members making it an integral part of the Family Farming sector.. This type of production generates work in a pauperized sector and at such places that are distant from the urban centres where possibility of alternative occupations is scare or almost nil. The animal rearing activity focuses on primary production with little value addition, high seasonality, and informal and rudimentary marketing strategies. These activities primarily employ tacit knowledge acquired over the years by trial-and-error method. Transhumance, as a strategy for the use of the natural environment, reveals the existence of a thorough knowledge of the seasonal productivity of the grasslands of the mountain valleys. Research and extension organizations develop projects aimed at improving these production systems through the implementation of contemporary technologies. The objective of this paper is to identify the technological strategies implemented by the Family Farming sector specialized in goat breeding in the mountain region of the provinces of Mendoza, San Juan and La Rioja, with specific focus on their origin, specific problems they face, and strategic similarities and differences to propose recommendations for the research and extension organizations.

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Saha, Sourav, Saddam Hussain, Nityananda Deka, Ratul Mahanta, and Abani Kumar Bhagabat. "Traditional Ecological Farming Practices in the Eastern Himalayan Mountain Environment: Case of a Naga Village, Nagaland (India)." Agrobiodiversity & Agroecology 03, no. 02 (March 18, 2024): 34–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/aa030203.

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The farming systems practised by the tribal communities in the mountain environment of the North-Eastern region of India are eco-friendly and local climate responsive. These play a significant role in ensuring food security and conserving the local agro-ecological diversity. These farming practices are rooted in the local ecological set up, and they reflect the Indigenous people’s response to the environment of the area. The inhabitants of the Khonoma village of Kohima district, Nagaland, the study village, have been traditionally practising unique Alder tree-based jhum (shifting) cultivation, terrace-based panikheti (wet cultivation) and kitchen gardening based on their Indigenous knowledge and skills. They have been practising mixed farming by integrating crops, fish and livestock. The local communities have also evolved some methods for managing the natural settings to sustain their agriculture and livelihoods. This study is an attempt to investigate the methods of traditional farming system of Khonoma, a mountain village in the Eastern Himalayas. This study is based on primary data/ information collected through household survey using semi-structured household survey schedule, participatory rural appraisal (PRA), focus group discussion (FGD), and interviews with key informants and personal field visit in early 2021. The terrace-based panikheti, adopted by the people of Khonoma village, has been proved a location specific eco-friendly method for soil and water conservation. The Alder tree-based jhum practice, as opined by the villagers, is a sustainable livelihood option in the context of the mountain ecological setting and unique cultural values of the people.

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Lestari, Wahyu Dwi, Luluk Edahwati, and Wiliandi Saputro. "Implementation of household-scale clean water treatment technology for the mountain farming community, Jajar village, Gandusari district, Trenggalek." Journal of Community Empowerment for Health 5, no. 2 (October 5, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jcoemph.67490.

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Currently, the need for clean water which is a vital source for people's lives has not been fully met for all Indonesians, including the mountain farming community, Jajar Village, Gandusari District, Trenggalek Regency. So far, the mountain farming community members of Jajar Village have used mountain water for household needs where cloudy and unstable water conditions are a problem that must be faced. If this problem continues, it will lead to serious health problems and social conflicts in the community. Therefore, through community service activities, we made a practical clean water treatment tool, with easily obtained materials, that can be implemented in hilly areas such as in Jajar Village, Gandusari District, Trenggalek Regency. The filtration system used is an upflow and downflow system where the water undergoes a filtration process twice in the material that has been selected and arranged in a systematic way. The materials used are available and easy to obtain in Jajar Village, so that people can discover easily about the benefits of these materials. After making a water filtration system with the community, then physical testing is conducted on the quality of the water produced. From the test results of the effectiveness of the implementation of clean water treatment technology applied to mountain farmers in Jajar Village, it shows that in general the filtered water has met the physical requirements for the level of turbidity, taste, and smell, as well as the quantity and continuity of water are always available when needed.

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El Aich, Ahmed. "Changes in livestock farming systems in the Moroccan Atlas Mountains." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0013.

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Abstract This paper aims to characterize small ruminant farming systems in the Moroccan mountain regions and to assess undergoing socio-economic and ecological changes. Livestock farming systems in these regions are extensive with large flock sizes, especially sheep and goats raised mainly for meat production. Sheep producers utilized the inherent genetic diversity of their stock and developed adaptations to cope with seasonal availability of the mountain pastures and the need to diversify their own activities. Nowadays, farming systems in mountainous regions are undergoing socio-economic and ecological transformations that impact directly or indirectly on natural resources. Reduction and/or disappearance of herd transhumance, where flocks were moved seasonally from one climatic zone/vegetation type to another, was an important feature of the Middle Atlas sixty years ago Along with this reduced contribution from natural rangelands, other external resources and agricultural by-products (straw, stubble) are offered which make the system heavily dependent on agriculture. Intensification of feeding systems is associated with a choice for more productive but less hardy breeds from lowland areas. As a consequence of the reduction in mobility and the sedentarization of herds, there is an increase in the grazing pressure causing new and significant degradation of rangeland resources. Other profound institutional modifications concern the management and the utilization of the mountainous pasture. Indeed, the power of the group and the institutions for managing the resources is being replaced by the individual initiatives.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mountain farming System"

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Rai, Srijana. "Women in development: study of womens labour force perticipation in mountain farming systems with special reference to the Darjeeling hills of West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2835.

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Marchiori, Elisa. "Sustainability of dairy farms in mountainous areas." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423119.

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The general aim of this thesis was to analyze the sustainability of dairy cattle farms in mountainous areas. The studies were conducted in the Eastern Italian Alps, a study area representative of the evolution of livestock systems in mountainous areas.
L'obiettivo generale è di questa tesi di dottorato è lo studio della sostenibilità delle aziende di bovini da latte in ambito montano. I lavori presentati sono stati condotti nelle Alpi italiane orientali, che rappresentano un modello dell’evoluzione dei sistemi di allevamento nelle aree montane.

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Jacquot, Anne-Lise Marie. "Dynamilk : un simulateur pour étudier les compromis entre performances animales, utilisation des ressources herbagères et recherche d’autonomie alimentaire dans les systèmes bovins laitiers de montagne." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22254/document.

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Les systèmes d’élevages laitiers herbagers montagnards sont d’autant plus sensibles aux changements de contraintes de production (types de fourrages et niveaux d’aliments concentrés autorisés dans les cahiers des charges AOP par exemple) et aux aléas climatiques que le milieu est contraignant et que le système fourrager repose sur l’utilisation exclusive de prairies permanentes. Une meilleure adéquation entre les dynamiques de besoins des animaux et d’offre herbagère permettrait à ces systèmes d’atteindre un meilleur degré d’autonomie fourragère et alimentaire, et d’être ainsi plus robustes face aux changements. Pour explorer des stratégies contrastées de conduite et comprendre les compromis qu’il est possible d’atteindre entre niveau de production, autonomie fourragère et utilisation durable des prairies, un modèle de simulation déterministe à l’échelle de l’exploitation a été construit, nommé Dynamilk. Ce modèle simule les interrelations entre le troupeau laitier, les ressources alimentaires et herbagères et la conduite du système. Dynamilk est composé de deux sous-modèles biotechniques avec, d’une part, le parcellaire comportant un module de croissance de l’herbe prenant en compte la diversité botanique des prairies, et d’autre part, le troupeau laitier. Un modèle de structure démographique du troupeau simule les différentes catégories d’animaux selon leur âge et leur stade physiologique, et, un modèle dynamique simule l’ingestion et la production pour chaque catégorie d’animaux. La production laitière résulte des besoins énergétiques, de l’énergie offerte par la ration et de la capacité des animaux à mobiliser ou reconstituer leurs réserves corporelles. Le modèle de conduite est composé des éléments stratégiques définissant les objectifs de production et les règles de pilotage des principales pratiques (constitution et gestion des fourrages, alimentation et pâturage du troupeau). Le modèle animal et le modèle global ont été validés sur des données expérimentales ou de référentiels de fonctionnement d’exploitations. Ces deux modèles présentent des résultats et un fonctionnement cohérent. Dynamilk a permis de tester deux systèmes contrastés selon leur dynamique annuelle de production (période des vêlages « groupés de septembre à février » (GA) vs « groupés de mars à mai » (GP)) à chargement (0,94 UGB/ha) et apports de concentrés (1 200 kg/VL/an) identiques. Dans un plan d’expérience virtuel, chaque système a été simulé sur deux séries climatiques, une sans aléa climatique (1993-1999) et l’autre avec (2005-2011), avec une augmentation du chargement et une diminution des apports de concentrés. Les résultats de simulation montrent qu’à faible chargement les deux systèmes sont autonomes pour les fourrages et sous-utilisent les ressources herbagères au pâturage. L’augmentation du chargement améliore l’utilisation de l’herbe pâturée sans pénaliser les performances laitières, mais réduit l’autonomie en fourrages récoltés. Diminuer les apports de concentrés améliore également l’utilisation de l’herbe, mais réduit la production laitière. La production laitière du système GA est plus sensible que celle du système GP à la qualité des fourrages récoltés qui varie selon les années climatiques. Ainsi le système GP, grâce à plus d’utilisation de l’herbe pâturée, serait moins sensible aux aléas. Dynamilk permet d’analyser la réponse de systèmes laitiers herbagers sur des séries climatiques longues et de tester pas à pas des modifications de structure et de pilotage du système dans une démarche de conception de systèmes ex ante
Dairy systems based on grasslands are sensitive towards environmental variations (climatic events) and production constraints changes. A better match between dynamic of dairy cattle needs and herbage supply could enable the farming system to lean towards a better forage self-sufficiency at farm-scale and to be more resilient to changes. Modeling approach is used to study, over many years, several scenarios with contrasted strategies of biotechnical subsystems management in order to test different calving distributions, cattle and grasslands characteristics, or practices on pastures and meadows. Such a dynamic model, called Dynamilk, has been created and implemented. Dynamilk is focused on relationships among dairy cattle, management and resources. This model is based on a bio-technical approach focused on grassland use by animals. Grassland sub model which consists in biodiversity characteristics and grass growth components has been developed by Jouven (2006). Dairy cattle sub model consists in 2 units: demographic structure unit and intake, milk production and body reserve use unit. This model considers calving period and distribution, dairy cattle characteristics (ability of animals to produce milk and use its body reserve) in order to test the match between animal needs and feed supply. Milk production according to herbage and feed supply is the main output of Dynamilk. Decisional sub-system describe the main practices to rule the production system which are forage system management with mowing practices, forage stores, winter diet, concentrate distribution and grazing management. Validation of dairy cattle sub model and whole model has been carried out by comparison against experimental data and case-study data of real farms. Two systems has been simulated with Dynamilk, the first one based on calving distribution from august to february, called GA, and the second one from march to june, called GP (stocking rate 0.94 LU.ha-1 and concentrate amount 1200 kg.cow-1.year-1). Simulation results have pointed out that both system achieved forage self-sufficiency and grass offer is underused. Several simulations has been accomplished to evaluate impacts of stocking rate increase and concentrate decrease on animal production, herbage utilisation and forage self-suficiency rate. The simulation have indicated that matching animal needs with feed and herbage supply to better cope with climatic events and constraints changes

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Nettier, Baptiste. "Adaptation au changement climatique sur les alpages. Modéliser le système alpage-exploitations pour renouveler les cadres d'analyse de la gestion des alpages par les sytèmes pastoraux." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22707/document.

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Les alpages sont des espaces utilisés par la majorité des exploitations d’élevage de montagne et de Provence, qui y envoient tout ou partie de leurs troupeaux durant la saison estivale. Ce sont des milieux très riches sur le plan environnemental, mais aussi très fragiles et gérés exclusivement par le pâturage des troupeaux, constituant de ce fait des espaces particuliers dans la problématique de l’adaptation au changement climatique pour les systèmes d’élevage provençaux et de montagne. Or le constat est fait que les approches de diagnostic d’alpage et les références utilisées au plan pastoral présentent des lacunes pour appréhender la gestion dynamique des alpages : vision statique des végétations d’alpage et des pratiques, prise en compte des aléas et de la variabilité interannuelle souvent réduite à un coefficient forfaitaire de sécurité... et pas de prise en considération des interactions entre alpage et exploitations utilisatrices. Afin de renouveler ces cadres d’analyse, notre travail de thèse propose une modélisation conceptuelle du fonctionnement du système « alpage-exploitations », intégrant les plans biophysique et de la gestion. La construction du modèle s’appuie sur la combinaison de travaux en écologie et en agronomie « système », et de dires d’expert (modélisation participative). Le modèle est mis à l’épreuve sur une diversité de cas, issus du réseau Alpages Sentinelles dans le massif Alpin. Une analyse de la vulnérabilité des systèmes à la recrudescence des aléas climatiques est effectuée en étudiant leur exposition aux aléas puis leur sensibilité ; afin d’intégrer la dynamique de long terme du changement climatique dans la gestion des alpages, une analyse mobilisant les théories de la résilience socio-écologique est proposée en complément
Alpine pastures, or mountain summer pastures can be defined as permanent grasslands used in summer by mountain and surrounding plains farmers (especially Provence in the French Alps). They are rich but fragile ecosystems, managed exclusively through the grazing of herds. Therefore adaptation to climate change is very specific on these spaces. Pastoral diagnosis methods and technical references are insufficient to analyse dynamic management of summer mountain pastures: static vision of vegetation and practices, climatic hazards considered only through a security coefficient, and no consideration for interactions between summer pastures and farms. In order to renew these analytical frameworks, our PhD thesis proposes a conceptual model of how the system “mountain summer pastures-farm” works, both in biophysical terms and in terms of management. The building of this model relies both on researches in ecology and agronomy, and on participatory modelling. We evaluate the model through an analysis of the vulnerability to climatic hazards of a diversified sample of systems. In order to take into account long term dynamics of climate change, we also mobilise the theories of social-ecological resilience

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Anjar, Lahsen. "Organisation spatiale et vie rurale sur le Piémont du Haut Atlas Occidental : cas des vallées d'Imintanoute, Province de Chichaoua (Maroc)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0289.

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Les vallées d'Imintanoute offrent un exemple des vallées montagnardes du Haut Atlas occidental en crise. Ayant longtemps été considéré par ses habitants comme un « espace refuge », le pays d'Imintanoute apparaît, aujourd?hui, comme une « zone d'émigration » par excellence. Malgré une certaine diversification des cultures, occupant l'espace irrigué (bled targa) du fond des vallées et la culture céréalière pluviale d'orge du bled bour* (espace de culture pluviale), associée à un élevage et à une arboriculture diversifiée (amandiers et oliviers) comme source de revenu complémentaire de la paysannerie, actuellement, des signes de crise apparaissent de façon évidente. L'agriculture de subsistance souffre de la sécheresse persistante, du manque d'irrigation, d'un rendement à l'hectare très faible, d'une arboriculture en cours de dégradation et d'un élevage toujours en déclin. La collectivité traditionnelle et l'espace imintanoutiens n'ont pas non plus échappé aux mutations profondes. La majorité des vieux systèmes d'irrigation (la naoura et la sania) a été laissé à l'abandon ou remplacé par la motopompe. Cette technique moderne a transformé le paysage du bled targa voire du bled bour*. Tous les villages sont touchés aujourd'hui par l'émigration sans exception. Beaucoup de jeunes quittent leurs douars pour cause de pauvreté. Aujourd'hui, de nouvelles structures socio-économiques, culturelles et politiques ont changé les comportements et les modes de vie des populations. Face aux transformations, l'espoir repose sur la nouvelle autoroute Marrakech-Agadir et sur d'autres projets encore afin de redynamiser l'économie de façon à améliorer la qualité de vie des Aït Imintanoute
Imintanoute valleys constitute an example of mountain valleys in Western Atlas undergoing severe crisis. Long considered a "place of refuge" by its inhabitants, the Imintanoute area - with its three aspects: mountain, piedmont and plain - now appears as a major "expulsion zone".Even though agriculture has diversified to some extent - based in the irrigated zones (bled targa) at the bottom of valleys and on the rainfed barley crops of the bled bour* (rainfed agricultural area), together with breeding and diversified fruit tree crops (almond and olive trees) as a source of complementary income for farmers - obvious signs of crisis appear today. Subsistence agriculture suffers from persistent draughts, lack of irrigation, a very low average yield rate per hectare, the gradual degradation of fruit tree crops and the decline of breeding. The traditional community and the area of Imintanoute have undergone profound changes. Most of the old irrigation systems (naoura and sania) have been abandoned or replaced by power pumps. That modern technology has transformed the landscape of the bled targa and possibly even of the bled bour*. All villages without exception are affected by emigration. Many young people are driven out from their douars by poverty. Today, new social, economic, cultural and political structures have changed the behaviours and the ways of life of the populations. In view of those changes, hope rests on the new motorway from Marrakech to Agadir and on still other projects to redynamize the economy and thus improve the quality of life of the Aït Imintanoute

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Books on the topic "Mountain farming System"

1

Sokoni, Cosmas H. Changes in the upland irrigation system and implications for rural poverty alleviation: A case of the Ndiwa irrigation system, West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2005.

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Man, Tulachan Pradeep, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development., and International Symposium on "Livestock in Mountain/Highland Production Systems: Research and Development Challenges into the Next Millennium" (1999 : Pokhara, Nepal), eds. Contribution of livestock to mountain livelihoods: Research and development issues. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 2000.

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Ole, Gade, International Geographic Commission. Sub-Commission on Highlands and High Latitude Zones., and Consortium on Perceived Planning Issues in Marginal Regions of Developed Countries (1992 : Boone, N.C.), eds. Spatial dynamics of highland and high latitude environments: Proceedings of the International Geographic Union Commission on Changing Rural Systems, Subcommission on Highlands and High Latitude Zones-- the Consortium on Perceived Planning Issues in Marginal Regions of Developed Countries held at Boone, North Carolina, July 26-31, 1992. Boone, N.C: Appalachian State University, 1992.

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Mountain farming systems – seeds for the future. FAO, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cb5349en.

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Mateo, Nicolás. High mountain environment and farming systems in the Andean Region of Latin American. 1987.

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Romeo, R., S. Manuelli, M. Geringer, and V. Barchiesi. Mountain Farming Systems - Seeds for the Future: Sustainable Agricultural Practices for Resilient Mountain Livelihoods. Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2021.

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Climate Change and the Future of Himalayan Farming. Oxford University Press, 2017.

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Anderson, E. N. Ecologies of the Heart. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090109.001.0001.

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There is much we can learn about conservation from native peoples, says Gene Anderson. While the advanced nations of the West have failed to control overfishing, deforestation, soil erosion, pollution, and a host of other environmental problems, many traditional peoples manage their natural resources quite successfully. And if some traditional peoples mismanage the environment--the irrational value some place on rhino horn, for instance, has left this species endangered--the fact remains that most have found ways to introduce sound ecological management into their daily lives. Why have they succeeded while we have failed? In Ecologies of the Heart, Gene Anderson reveals how religion and other folk beliefs help pre-industrial peoples control and protect their resources. Equally important, he offers much insight into why our own environmental policies have failed and what we can do to better manage our resources. A cultural ecologist, Gene Anderson has spent his life exploring the ways in which different groups of people manage the environment, and he has lived for years in fishing communities in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Tahiti, and British Columbia--as well as in a Mayan farmtown in south Mexico--where he has studied fisheries, farming, and forest management. He has concluded that all traditional societies that have managed resources well over time have done so in part through religion--by the use of emotionally powerful cultural symbols that reinforce particular resource management strategies. Moreover, he argues that these religious beliefs, while seeming unscientific, if not irrational, at first glance, are actually based on long observation of nature. To illustrate this insight, he includes many fascinating portraits of native life. He offers, for instance, an intriguing discussion of the Chinese belief system known as Feng-Shui (wind and water) and tells of meeting villagers in remote areas of Hong Kong's New Territories who assert that dragons live in the mountains, and that to disturb them by cutting too sharply into the rock surface would cause floods and landslides (which in fact it does). He describes the Tlingit Indians of the Pacific Northwest, who, before they strip bark from the great cedar trees, make elaborate apologies to spirits they believe live inside the trees, assuring the spirits that they take only what is necessary. And we read of the Maya of southern Mexico, who speak of the lords of the Forest and the Animals, who punish those who take more from the land or the rivers than they need. These beliefs work in part because they are based on long observation of nature, but also, and equally important, because they are incorporated into a larger cosmology, so that people have a strong emotional investment in them. And conversely, Anderson argues that our environmental programs often fail because we have not found a way to engage our emotions in conservation practices. Folk beliefs are often dismissed as irrational superstitions. Yet as Anderson shows, these beliefs do more to protect the environment than modern science does in the West. Full of insights, Ecologies of the Heart mixes anthropology with ecology and psychology, traditional myth and folklore with informed discussions of conservation efforts in industrial society, to reveal a strikingly new approach to our current environmental crises.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mountain farming System"

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Vincent, Linden. "2. Irrigation in mountain environments and mountain farming systems." In Hill Irrigation, 15–31. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445113.002.

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Camino, A. "7. Andean Farming Systems: Farmers’ Strategies and Responses." In Sustainable Mountain Agriculture Volume 2, 517–38. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780443553.007.

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McCracken, David I., and Sally Huband. "Nature Conservation Value of European Mountain Farming Systems." In Advances in Global Change Research, 573–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3508-x_57.

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Bhati, J. P., R. Singh, M. S. Rathore, and L. R. Sharma. "6. Diversity of Mountain Farming Systems in Himachal Pradesh, India." In Sustainable Mountain Agriculture Volume 2, 497–516. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780443553.006.

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Marta-Costa, Ana Alexandra, Filipa Manso, Luís Tibério, and Carlos Fonseca. "Ecological-Economic Modelling for Farming Systems of Montemuro Mountain (Portugal)." In Methods and Procedures for Building Sustainable Farming Systems, 207–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5003-6_14.

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Mulk, Masood ul. "5. Diversity of Farming Systems and Farmers’ Strategies in the Mountain Valley of Chitral, Pakistan." In Sustainable Mountain Agriculture Volume 2, 477–96. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780443553.005.

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Reetsch, Anika, Didas Kimaro, Karl-Heinz Feger, and Kai Schwärzel. "Traditional and Adapted Composting Practices Applied in Smallholder Banana-Coffee-Based Farming Systems: Case Studies from Kagera and Morogoro Regions, Tanzania." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 165–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_8.

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AbstractIn Tanzania, about 90% of the banana-coffee-based farming systems lie in the hands of smallholder farmer families. In these systems, smallholder farmers traditionally add farm waste to crop fields, making soils rich in organic matter (humus) and plant-available nutrients. Correspondingly, soils remained fertile during cultivation for over a century. Since the 1960s, the increasing demand for food and biofuels of a growing population has resulted in an overuse of these farming systems, which has occurred in tandem with deforestation, omitted fallows, declined farm size, and soil erosion. Hence, humus and nutrient contents in soils have decreased and soils gradually degraded. Inadequate use of farm waste has led to a further reduction in soil fertility, as less organic material is added to the soils for nutrient supply than is removed during harvesting. Acknowledging that the traditional use of farm waste successfully built up soil fertility over a century and has been reduced in only a few decades, we argue that traditional composting practices can play a key role in rebuilding soil fertility, if such practices are adapted to face the modern challenges. In this chapter, we discuss two cases in Tanzania: one on the traditional use of compost in the Kagera region (Great African Rift Valley) and another about adapted practices to produce compost manure in the Morogoro region (Uluguru Mountains). Both cases refer to rainfed, smallholder banana-coffee-based farming systems. To conclude, optimised composting practices enable the replenishment of soil nutrients, increase the capacity of soils to store plant-available nutrients and water and thus, enhance soil fertility and food production in degraded banana-coffee-based farming systems. We further conclude that future research is needed on a) nutrient cycling in farms implementing different composting practices and on b) socio-economic analyses of farm households that do not successfully restore soil fertility through composting.

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Torró, Josep. "On the Problem of Andalusi Dry Farming. Aialt (Castell de Castells), a qarya with no Irrigation System in the Mountains of Valencia." In The Medieval Countryside, 195–235. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tmc-eb.5.124546.

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Salachna, Anna, Katarzyna Kobiela-Mendrek, Maria Kohut, Monika Rom, and Jan Broda. "The Pastoralism in the Silesian Beskids (South Poland): In the Past and Today." In Sheep Farming [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99722.

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The Silesian Beskids (Poland), the westernmost part of the Carpathian Mountains is an area with long pastoral tradition. For centuries sheep grazed in clearings located among forested ridges have been an integral part of the mountain landscape and pastoral customs have become essential elements of regional cultural heritage. In the chapter, the history and the current state of pastoralism in the Silesian Beskids are presented. The specific pastoral system developed in the region, based on annual migration of flocks between summer highland and winter lowland pastures is described. Local breeds and specific regional sheep products are depicted. Furthermore, the importance of pastoralism for the environment, landscape and plant biodiversity is analysed and efforts to recover sheep grazing in the mountains after a period of a deep recession caused by social and economic transitions connected with the collapse of the communist system are presented. The approach to restoration of pastoralism is illustrated using a case study of a pastoral centre which combines traditional sheep grazing with cheese production, education and several activities to promote pastoral tradition.

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Radic-Schilling, Sergio, Francisco Sales, Raúl Lira, René Muñoz-Arriagada, Paulo Corti, Nilo Covacevich, Jorge Ivelic-Sáez, et al. "Magallanes Sheep Farming." In Sheep Farming - Herds Husbandry, Management System, Reproduction and Improvement of Animal Health. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100497.

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The Magallanes region in Chilean Patagonia encompasses 13 million hectares with approximately 3.6 million used for agricultural and livestock systems. This portion is located to the east of the Andean Mountain chain in the rain shadow zone, with annual precipitation increasing along an east to west gradient from 200 to almost 1,000 mm. To fully describe sheep farming in the Magallanes region, many topics need to be addressed, including sheep production and management, existing vegetative communities, livestock-wildlife interactions, and economic diversification into agritourism and another sheep industry products. All these give shape to the story of the development of sheep farming in Magallanes, which is important at the regional and national level. Three key points are identified that together can lead to a successful future for the industry: sustainable management, human resources and the market.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mountain farming System"

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G., KRAVCHENKO, and SOLODOVNIKOV K. "TERRITORIAL GROUPS OF THE SITES OF THE ENEOLITHIC-EARLY BRONZE OF THE ALTAI MOUNTAINS AND THE AFANASIEVO CULTURE SETTLEMENT IN CONNECTION WITH THE PARTICULAR FEATURES OF THE ECONOMY." In MODERN SOLUTIONS TO CURRENT PROBLEMS OF EURASIAN ARCHEOLOGY. Altai State Univercity, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/msapea.2023.3.48.

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The authors investigates the connection between the uneven allocation of the sites of the Afanasievo archaeological culture in the Altai Mountains region and the system of their economic activity. A wide variety of the local climatic conditions is a characteristic feature for the region. The mapping of the archaeological monuments within the local climatic zones led to the conclusion: the inhabitants chose the areas with the possibility of all-year-round pasture for sheep for settlement. Sheep farming was the base of the economic activity. There were a lot of requirements for all-year-round pastures. Some areas satisfied the requirements, but they had harsh climatic characteristics for human inhabitation.

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Reports on the topic "Mountain farming System"

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Shrestha, S. Evolution of Mountain Farming Systems: Sustainable Development Policy Implications. International Workshop Report. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.193.

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Shrestha, S. Evolution of Mountain Farming Systems: Sustainable Development Policy Implications. International Workshop Report. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.193.

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