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Rauter, Samo, Matej Supej, and Janez Vodičar. "Examining the Efficiency of Electric-Assisted Mountain Biking across Different Types of Terrain." Applied Sciences 13, no. 21 (October 25, 2023): 11677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132111677.
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Mountain bikes with electric assistance (e-bikes) have gained popularity recently by allowing riders to increase their pedaling power through an electric motor. This innovation has raised questions about how e-bikes compare to traditional mountain bikes regarding physical effort, speed, and physiological demands. By examining these factors, the study aims to compare and characterize differences in performance-related parameters when using an electric-assisted mountain bike compared to a conventional mountain bike on different types of terrain (uphill, downhill, flat section, technically demanding terrain) concerning power output, velocity, cardiorespiratory parameters, and energy expenditure. Six experienced mountain bikers (mean age: 44.6 ± 6.4 years, mean body height: 173.3 ± 5.6 cm, mean body weight: 70.6 ± 4.9 kg) cycled 4.5 km on varying off-road terrain at their own race pace, once with and once without electrical assistance, in randomized order. The results of the study indicate significantly faster (24.3 ± 1.85 to 17.2 ± 1.22 km/h (p < 0.001)) cycling on an electric-assisted mountain bike, which reduces cardiorespiratory parameters and metabolic effort as well as results in less demanding workload (138.5 ± 31.8 W) during the cycling with an electric-assisted mountain bike in comparison to a conventional mountain bike (217.5 ± 24.3 W (p < 0.001)). The results indicate significant differences especially when riding uphill. The performance advantage of an electrically assisted mountain bike diminishes compared to a conventional mountain bike on downhill, flat, or technically challenging terrain. The highlighted advantages of electric-assisted mountain bikes could represent a novel strategy for cycling in different terrains to optimize efficiency.
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Hall, Cougar, Taylor H. Hoj, Clark Julian, Geoff Wright, Robert A. Chaney, Benjamin Crookston, and Joshua West. "Pedal-Assist Mountain Bikes: A Pilot Study Comparison of the Exercise Response, Perceptions, and Beliefs of Experienced Mountain Bikers." JMIR Formative Research 3, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): e13643. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13643.
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Background Mountain biking is an aerobic physical activity that has experienced rapid growth. The emergence of the electric pedal-assist mountain bike (eMTB), while not without its critics, presents the potential for an even larger segment of the population to enjoy the health benefits of mountain biking. Although the research focused on the use of e-bikes generally is growing, there is limited research specifically targeting eMTB use. Research is needed exploring the potential exercise response of riding an eMTB, together with the beliefs and perceptions of mountain bikers who have and have not experienced eMTB riding. Objective This study aimed to compare conventional mountain bike and eMTB use. This was done by investigating 2 questions: (1) What proportion of exercise response is retained for an experienced mountain biker while using an eMTB when compared with a conventional mountain bike? and (2) What are the perceptions and beliefs of experienced mountain bikers toward eMTBs both before and after riding an eMTB? Methods A convergent mixed methods data collection approach was used in the study. Participants completed both a pre- and postride questionnaire, and data regarding heart rate were collected. Heart rates from each ride were compared against each other. Results The average heart rate during eMTB use was 94% (31/33) of the average heart rate during conventional mountain bike use. Therefore, eMTB use in this study achieved a majority of the exercise response and exceeded established biometric thresholds for cardiovascular fitness. Paired t test statistics were calculated to compare beliefs of conventional mountain bikes and eMTBs and to compare mean heart rate and speed between conventional mountain bike and eMTB use on the study loop. Participants overwhelmingly perceived the potential impact of eMTB use to be positive on both pre- and post-eMTB ride questionnaires. Conclusions Despite the measured benefit, participants’ perceived exertion while riding the eMTB was low.
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Karisman, Vicki Ahmad. "Motivation Patterns of Cyclists in the New-Normal Era." JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 7, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33222/juara.v7i1.1453.
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This study aimed to determine the motivation pattern of the riders of mountain bikes, road bikes, and folding bikes in the new-normal era. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative. The participants of this study were 258 cyclists in Bandung. The data was collected through a Sport Motivation Scale-6 questionnaire. This study indicates that there is no significant difference between the motivation of mountain bike, road bike, and folding bike riders. However, there is a substantial difference in income indicators in sociodemography, especially for road bike riders, while mountain bike and folding bike riders do not have any significant differences. This study shows that the motivation patterns of cyclists impact the cycling activities undertaken.
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Chaney, Robert A., P. Cougar Hall, Ashley R. Crowder, Benjamin T. Crookston, and Joshua H. West. "Mountain biker attitudes and perceptions of eMTBs (electric-mountain bikes)." Sport Sciences for Health 15, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11332-019-00555-z.
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Li, Yifan. "Analysis of the Determinants of Marketing Strategies of Mountain Bikes in China." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 38, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/38/20231902.
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Under the condition of highly developed modern market economy, mountain-bike marketing draws wide attention in the society. However, it has not received due attention from relevant parties in academic research. Based on the current situation, particularly the phenomenon of mountain-bike craze, this article takes behavioral economics as the theoretical basis, applying the method of literature and investigation analysis of what factors can influence the marketing of mountain bikes. In this context, this paper, applies a questionnaire to investigate the relevant population, or exactly a semi-structured questionnaire was used in this study, which combines the advantages of fully structured questionnaire and completely unstructured questionnaire, simultaneously making the formulation and implementation of questionnaire more efficient, providing the interviewee with a certain degree of flexibility and freedom. The findings show that consumers expectation and the factors of mountain bikes, such as quality and price have a greater impact on its marketing than the price. Accordingly, this paper proposes that mountain bike manufacturers and businesses should take targeted marketing measures on the basis of ensuring product quality, like customized marketing and value marketing.
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Patrick, Kevin. "Mountain Bikes and the Baby Boomers." Journal of American Culture 11, no. 2 (June 1988): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.1988.1102_17.x.
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Dolah, Mohd Shahrizal, Mohamad Amaluddin Amran, Aminuddin Yusof, Shahrul Azman Shahbudin, Raja Ahmad Azmeer Raja Ahmad Effendi, and Saiful Hasley Ramly. "PRACTICE-LED: DESIGN FACTOR ANALYSIS IN DEVELOPING NEW MOUNTAIN BIKE (MTB) PEDAL." ALAM CIPTA International Journal Of Sustainable Tropical Design & Practice 1, no. 15 (June 30, 2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ac.15.1.chapter03ac.id.
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This paper has investigated a practice-led design method for product designers in designing a new mountain bike (MTB) pedal. According to the World Bank, it is estimated, there are already more than two billion bikes in use around the world in 2017 and the number increasing every year. The main objective of the study is to understand the cause of an accident and to provide design factors for a designer in developing a new MTB pedal. Fieldwork done in Malaysia from 2018 to 2020 revealed that, 85.2% of mountain bike riders involved in an accident (physical injuries) during bike event that course by the mishandling of bike pedal. Direct observation and action design research was adopted as the main research method where the author involved actively participating in MTB event to gain the main data. Product design specifications were listed that could help in reducing physical injuries among mountain bike riders (MBR). Eight design factors were listed as the main design priority in the product design specification. The product design specifications (PDS) were used as design guidance for designer in developing a new MTB pedal that could meet the requirement and the preferences of the mountain bike riders.
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Dressel, Andrew, and James Sadauckas. "Characterization and Modelling of Various Sized Mountain Bike Tires and the Effects of Tire Tread Knobs and Inflation Pressure." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093156.
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Mountain bikes continue to be the largest segment of U.S. bicycle sales, totaling some USD 577.5 million in 2017 alone. One of the distinguishing features of the mountain bike is relatively wide tires with thick, knobby treads. Although some work has been done on characterizing street and commuter bicycle tires, little or no data have been published on off-road bicycle tires. This work presents laboratory measurements of inflated tire profiles, tire contact patch footprints, and force and moment data, as well as static lateral and radial stiffness for various modern mountain bike tire sizes including plus size and fat bike tires. Pacejka’s Motorcycle Magic Formula tire model was applied and used to compare results. A basic model of tire lateral stiffness incorporating individual tread knobs as springs in parallel with the overall tread and the inflated carcass as springs in series was derived. Finally, the influence of inflation pressure was also examined. Results demonstrated appreciable differences in tire performance between 29 × 2.3”, 27.5 × 2.8”, 29 × 3”, and 26 × 4” knobby tires. The proposed simple model to combine tread knob and carcass stiffness offered a good approximation, whereas inflation pressure had a strong effect on mountain bike tire behavior.
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Дижо, Ян, Мирослав Блатницкий, Вадим Васильевич Ищук, Денис Молнар, Себастьян Солчанский, and Борис Плайдичко. "Конструктивные особенности современных горных велосипедов, часть 3." Technológ 15, no. 2 (2023): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tech.c.2023.2.21.
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MBT bikes (or mountain bikes) are widely used bikes, which serve the most often for sport purposes. These bikes are produced in more variants and they differ by several signs. There are dimensions, weight categories, used accessories and others. Together with this, there are different technical solutions, which make them different to each other. Usually, it refers to technical solutions of suspension system of a rear wheel of also a front wheel. A rear wheel can be suspended by different systems, which lead to different characteristics are provide different riding properties. This contribution presents an overview current technical solutions of these systems.
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Ariwangsa, I. Made Bayu, and Dian Pramita Sugiarti. "Pariwisata Petualangan Berbasis Darat di Kabupaten Karangasem." JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2021.v09.i02.p30.
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Adventure tourism is an outdoor activity that has grown and developed in recent years and is becoming increasingly popular as a nature-based regional development model. Adventure activities, especially mountain bikes, are mostly carried out by tourists visiting Bali. Karangasem Regency has a unique geographical condition in the form of a mountainous area that strongly supports the development of mountain biking activities. By examining the potential of adventure tourism owned by Karangasem Regency, it can be seen that the supporting resources of adventure tourism in the implementation of mountain biking activities in Karangasem Regency can be identified.This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. It uses purposive sampling and snowball sampling to determine and select informants. The data were collected by using a participatory observation by trying mountain bike activities in mountain area and interview the informants. The data analysis applied the content and meaning analysis using a qualitative descriptive method. The theory used in the analysis is adventure approach theory and tourism development components.The results of the analysis reveal that the supporting resources for mountain biking activities that are not yet fully available are contained in the location criteria related to permits and regulations, so that an appropriate plan is needed in order to meet the basic criteria in the completeness of supporting resources for adventure tourism. While the criteria for activity, security, natural resources and the environment, as well as the operational sector are almost entirely available, requiring development that is in accordance to make a sustainable mountain biking activities in Karangasem Regency.
Keywords: Mountain Bike Activity, Adventure Tourism, Supporting Resources Criteria.
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Fatoni, Muhad, Gatot Jariono, Subroto Subroto, and Chandra Triadi. "The trend and interest in sports cycling during the Covid-19 pandemic." MEDIKORA 20, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/medikora.v20i1.40117.
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The requirement for healthy breathing and maintaining body immunity defense is getting higher with the pandemic, mindfulness of the importance point of maintaining health and body immunity has become a new mindset approach in society. One of the efforts and hard works considered effective by the society to achieve realize in good physical nature and fit condition is by exercising. One of the sport that has many benefits is cycling. The perseverance of this study was to analyze trend and interest in society cycling during the pandemic. This research is quantitative descriptive. The research subjects were taken using purposive random sampling technique. The totally subjects studied in this study research were 130 people, which were divided into four groups (genres) of bicycles, namely BMX, Roadbike, Mountain Bike and Trial. In this research focuses in collected data. Data were collected using cross-sectional surveys using a Likert scale. The results of this research study are that there are 65 samples in the high category and get a percentage value of 50.00%, 63 samples in the medium category get a percentage value of 48.46%, and 2 samples in the less category get a percentage value of 1.54. %. Meanwhile, of the three types of bicycle genres that have the highest trend are road bikes with 62 respondents, then mountain bikes with 44 respondents, BMX and Trial with 12 respondents each. The conclusion of this study is that road bikes are the most trending genre among the public and the public interest in cycling during the Covid-19 pandemic is in the high category. TREN DAN MINAT OLAHRAGA BERSEPEDA MASYARAKAT PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 AbstrakTuntutan untuk hidup sehat dan menjaga imunitas tubuh semakin tinggi dengan adanya pandemi, kesadaran tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan dan imunitas tubuh menjadi mindset baru dalam masyarakat. Salah satu upaya yang dianggap efektif oleh masyarakat untuk mencapai kondisi sehat dan bugar adalah dengan berolahraga. Salah satu olahraga yang memiliki banyak manfaat adalah olahraga bersepeda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tren dan minat olahraga bersepeda masyarakat pada masa pandemi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian diambil menggunakan teknik purpossive random sampling. Total subjek yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 130 orang, yang terbagi menjadi empat kelompok (genre) sepeda, yaitu BMX, Roadbike, Mountain Bike dan Trial. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan memakai metode cross-sectional surveys menggunakan skala Likert. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ada 65 sampel memiliki minat yang tinggi dalam olahraga sepeda, dan dengan nilai presentase sebesar 50,00%, 63 sampel memiliki minat yang sedang dalam olahraga bersepeda, dengan nilai presentase sebesar 48,46%, dan 2 sampel dalam kategori minat rendah, dengan nilai presentase sebesar 1,54%. Sementara itu dari ketiga jenis genre sepeda yang memiliki tren paling tinggi adalah roadbike dengan 62 responden, kemudian mountain bike dengan 44 responden, BMX dan Trial dengan masing-masing 12 responden. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa sepeda roadbike menjadi genre paling tren di kalangan masyarakat dan minat olahraga bersepeda masyarakat pada masa pandemi covid-19 dalam kategori tinggi.
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Ehn, Meredith, Masaru Teramoto, Daniel M. Cushman, Kristen Saad, and Stuart Willick. "The National Interscholastic Cycling Association (NICA) Mountain Biking Injury Surveillance System (ISS): Analysis of 66,588 Student Athlete-Years of Injury Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 5856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115856.
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Interscholastic youth cross-country mountain bike racing in the United States has grown significantly over the past decade, yet little is known about the risk profile in this age group. Aiming to protect participants, we implemented a prospective, longitudinal injury surveillance system for the purpose of better understanding youth mountain biking injuries and implementing safety measures. Data were collected during competition years 2018–2020, totaling 66,588 student athlete-years. Designated reporters from each team received weekly emails with exposure and incident report forms. Variables analyzed included demographic, rider-related, trail-related, and other data. Injury characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 were compared to the years 2018 and 2019. More student athletes participated in the 2020 season (25,261) than in prior seasons (18,575 in 2018 and 22,752 in 2019). During competition year 2020, overall injury proportion was lower (1.7% versus 3.0% in 2018 and 2.7% in 2019). Variables associated with injury, body part injured, type of injury, time-loss, and disposition following injury were similar between all years. Despite the pandemic and resultant changes to competition, student athletes continued to ride their bikes and become injured, but the proportion of injuries differed. This report details injury characteristics in youth mountain bike racing, including a comparison of before and during the pandemic.
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Herrick, Jeffrey E., Judith A. Flohr, Davis L. Wenos, and Michael J. Saunders. "Comparison of Physiological Responses and Performance Between Mountain Bicycles With Differing Suspension Systems." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 6, no. 4 (December 2011): 546–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.4.546.
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Purpose:This study compared the metabolic and performance effects of riding front-only suspension (FS) and front-and-rear suspension (FRS) mountain bicycles on an off-road course that simulated competitive cross-country race conditions (>105 min in duration, with ∼70% of time spent riding uphill).Methods:Seven competitive mountain bikers (73.8 ± 7.6 kg; 61.0 ± 4.3 mL·kg–1·min–1) completed two randomized FS and FRS trials. Bikes were similar, excluding rear wheel suspension on the FRS, which increased bike weight by ∼2 kg. Each trial consisted of four laps of rugged 8 km trail with 154 m of elevation gain per lap. The first three laps were performed at ∼70% of VO2max; VO2, HR, and RPE were collected during the first and third laps. The final lap was performed as a maximal time-trial effort.Results:During the first and third laps, VO2, HR, and RPE were similar between FS and FRS. However, FS was significantly faster than FRS during the ascending segment of the course (17.6 ± 2.9 vs 18.9 ± 3.4 min, P = .035), despite similar VO2 (P = .651). Although not statistically significant, FRS tended to be faster than FS during the descending portion of the course (8.1 ± 2.0 vs 9.1 ± 2.1, P = .067) at similar VO2. Performance during the final time-trial lap was significantly faster for FS than FRS (24.9 ± 3.9 min, 27.5 ± 4.9 min, P = .008).Conclusion:FS was faster than FRS over a course that simulated competitive cross-country race conditions. The faster times were likely the result of improved cycling economy during ascending, which were at least partially influenced by the lighter weight of the FS.
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Weiss, Fabio, Tyler J. Brummer, and Gesine Pufal. "Mountain bikes as seed dispersers and their potential socio-ecological consequences." Journal of Environmental Management 181 (October 2016): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.037.
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Steiner, Thomas, Beat Müller, Thomas Maier, and Jon Peter Wehrlin. "Performance differences when using 26- and 29-inch-wheel bikes in Swiss National Team cross-country mountain bikers." Journal of Sports Sciences 34, no. 15 (December 3, 2015): 1438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1119294.
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Hadi, Wisnu, and Atun Yulianto. "Menggali Potensi Wisata Alam Untuk Kegiatan Sport Tourism Di Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta." Khasanah Ilmu - Jurnal Pariwisata Dan Budaya 12, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/khi.v12i2.11053.
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Abstrak - Dalam dunia pariwisata banyak sekali jenis-jenis wisata salah satunya Sport Tourism atau wisata olah raga. Kabupaten Sleman salah satu contoh mempunyai potensi wisata alam yang dapat dipetakan untuk wisata olah raga atau sport tourism. Pada masa pandemi covid-19 dan pembatasan sosial terdapat kecenderungan masyarakat memanfaatkan waktu untuk berolahraga dengan tujuan meningkatkan imun, seperti jalan sehat, lari ataupun bersepeda ke spot-spot wisata yang tersebar diwilayah Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali potensi wisata di Kabupaten Sleman sudah menyediakan fasilitas Sport Tourism. Dalam penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif ini, peneliti mengangkat potensi wisata alam di Kabupaten Sleman yang memiliki wahana sport tourism. Hasilnya didapatkan data bahwa disisi utara terdapat lereng gunung Merapi tepatnya di bukit Klangon yang telah dikembangkan wisata olahraga berupa Mountain Bike untuk ajang kejuaraan lokal maupun tingkat nasional. Destinasi dikawasan wisata candi prambanan juga banyak digunakan untuk event nasional dan internasioanal sebagai wisata olah raga seperti marathon, road bike, jalan sehat, sepeda santai dan yoga. Disisi barat pada aliran sungai Progo yang mengalir di wilayah Kabupaten Sleman sudah dimanfaatkan juga untuk sport tourism olah raga arung jeram dan pada aliran sungai Opak di obyek wisata Lava Bantal Berbah Sleman juga digunakan untuk wisata river tubing dan sepeda santai. Kawasan lain yang tidak kalah menarik dalam mengembangkan sport tourism adalah perbukitan yang ada kecamatan Prambanan Sleman. Kawasan ini berada disisi timur Yogyakarta yang memiliki banyak destinasi wisata baik alam maupun sejarah seperti Candi Boko, Tebing Breksi dan Spot Riyadi. Kawasan wisata ini masih dapat dikembangkan lagi untuk kegiatan wisata olahraga yang menarik wisatawan baik nasional maupun internsional, seperti sport lari lintas alam, marathon, mountain bike, sepeda santai dan jalan santai dengan menjelajahi rute perbukitan yang melewati obyek wisata tersebut. Kata Kunci : Potensi, Wisata Alam, Sport Tourism Abstract – In the world of tourism, there are many types of tourism, one of which is sport tourism. One example of Sleman Regency has the potential for natural tourism that can be mapped for sports tourism or sport tourism. During the COVID-19 pandemic and social restrictions, there is a tendency for people to use their time to exercise with the aim of increasing their immunity, such as healthy walks, running or cycling to tourist spots spread across the Yogyakarta area. The purpose of this research is to explore the tourism potential in Sleman Regency which has provided Sport Tourism facilities. In this qualitative descriptive study, the researcher raised the potential of natural tourism in Sleman Regency which has a sport tourism vehicle. The results obtained data that on the north side there is a slope of Mount Merapi, precisely on the Klangon hill, which has developed sports tourism in the form of Mountain Bikes for local and national championship events. Destinations in the Prambanan temple area are also widely used for national and international events as sports tourism such as marathons, road bikes, healthy walks, relaxing bicycles and yoga. On the west side, the Progo river that flows in the Sleman Regency area has also been used for sport tourism, white water rafting and the Opak river at the Lava Pillow Berbah tourism object, Sleman is also used for river tubing and relaxing bicycles. Another area that is no less interesting in developing sport tourism is the hills in the Prambanan sub-district of Sleman. This area is located on the east side of Yogyakarta which has many natural and historical tourist destinations such as Boko Temple, Breksi Cliff and Riyadi Spot. This tourist area can still be developed again for sports tourism activities that attract both national and international tourists, such as cross-country running sports, marathons, mountain bikes, leisurely bicycles and leisurely walks by exploring hilly routes that pass through these attractions.Keyword : Potential, Nature Tourism, Sport Tourism
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McCabe, M. G., B. Donne, and M. O'Brien. "A COMPARISON OF THE METABOLIC ECONOMY OF FULL AND FRONT SUSPENSION MOUNTAIN BIKES." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, Supplement (May 1999): S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-00664.
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Rosen, Paul. "The Social Construction of Mountain Bikes: Technology and Postmodernity in the Cycle Industry." Social Studies of Science 23, no. 3 (August 1993): 479–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312793023003003.
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Arriel, Rhaí André, Hiago L. R. Souza, Jeffer Eidi Sasaki, and Moacir Marocolo. "Current Perspectives of Cross-Country Mountain Biking: Physiological and Mechanical Aspects, Evolution of Bikes, Accidents and Injuries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 12552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912552.
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Mountain biking (MTB) is a cycling modality performed on a variety of unpaved terrain. Although the cross-country Olympic race is the most popular cross-country (XC) format, other XC events have gained increased attention. XC-MTB has repeatedly modified its rules and race format. Moreover, bikes have been modified throughout the years in order to improve riding performance. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present the most relevant studies and discuss the main results on the XC-MTB. Limited evidence on the topic suggests that the XC-MTB events present a variation in exercise intensity, demanding cardiovascular fitness and high power output. Nonetheless, these responses and demands seem to change according to each event. The characteristics of the cyclists differ according to the performance level, suggesting that these parameters may be important to achieve superior performance in XC-MTB. Moreover, factors such as pacing and ability to perform technical sections of the circuit might influence general performance. Bicycles equipped with front and rear suspension (i.e., full suspension) and 29″ wheels have been shown to be effective on the XC circuit. Lastly, strategies such as protective equipment, bike fit, resistance training and accident prevention measures can reduce the severity and the number of injuries.
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Nagaraju, Dr B. "Study on Design and Analysis of In-Wheel Suspension System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 1899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45550.
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Abstract: In today’s generation, fossil exploitation and fuel consumption has resulted to effects like global warming and pollution. And Bicycles are the best favorite choice when it comes to issues like health, environment and pollution. Several researches have been done in order to ride for the passenger comfortable over the years. Different variants have been developed for various applications like mountain bikes, commuter bikes and racing bikes. This paper presents the in-wheel suspension which is designed such that the suspension is integrated within the wheel for better comfort and higher shock-absorption purpose. Smooth ride is offered to you. Loop wheel springs are usually made up of a composite material carefully developed to offer optimum compression and lateral stability as well as strength and durability. The three loops in every wheel work along as a self-correcting system. This spring system between the hub and the rim of the wheel provides suspension that continuously adjusts to uneven terrain cushioning the rider from abnormalities in the road wheel. The spring configuration permits the torque to be transferred smoothly between the hub and the rim. For this paper the loopwheel is designed using C10 and C20 material in CATIA and the analysis is carried on in ANSYS Workbench 14.5 to determine the force acting in the wheel, the principle stresses and maximum deflection
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Brylev, I. S., and S. S. Evtyukov. "Research of rolling resistanceof two-wheeled vehicles." Вестник гражданских инженеров 17, no. 2 (2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2020-17-2-161-167.
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Rolling resistance of a bicycle tire is the main factor that affects the characteristics of two-wheeled vehicles. The study of rolling resistance allows better evaluating the advantages of different wheel diameters. Since rolling resistance is an indicator of the vehicle behavior on a particular terrain, it can be considered an objective parameter for comparing the characteristics of two wheel sizes (26 and 29 inches). The purpose of this study was to evaluate rolling resistance of mountain bikes, depending on several parameters: wheel diameter, terrain type, cyclist mass, tire pressure, and suspension type.
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Vicari, Domenico Savio Salvatore, Antonino Patti, Valerio Giustino, Flavia Figlioli, Giuseppe Alamia, Antonio Palma, and Antonino Bianco. "Saddle Pressures Factors in Road and Off-Road Cyclists of Both Genders: A Narrative Review." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, no. 2 (May 25, 2023): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8020071.
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The contact point of the pelvis with the saddle of the bicycle could generate abnormal pressure, which could lead to injuries to the perineum in cyclists. The aim of this review was to summarize in a narrative way the current literature on the saddle pressures and to present the factors that influence saddle pressures in order to prevent injury risk in road and off-road cyclists of both genders. We searched the PubMed database to identify English-language sources, using the following terms: “saddle pressures”, “pressure mapping”, “saddle design” AND “cycling”. We also searched the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. Saddle pressures are influenced by factors such as sitting time on the bike, pedaling intensity, pedaling frequency, trunk and hand position, handlebars position, saddle design, saddle height, padded shorts, and gender. The jolts of the perineum on the saddle, especially on mountain bikes, generate intermittent pressures, which represent a risk factor for various pathologies of the urogenital system. This review highlights the importance of considering these factors that influence saddle pressures in order to prevent urogenital system injuries in cyclists.
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Gribb, Tye T., F. J. Worzala, and G. W. Gribb. "Modeling Bicycle-Rider Vibrations: Implications for Materials Selection." MRS Bulletin 23, no. 3 (March 1998): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400030013.
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Over the past several years, the number of materials routinely employed for the fabrication of major bicycle components (e.g., frame, fork, and handlebar) has increased from one (steel) to at least five (steel, aluminum, titanium, fiber-reinforced polymers, and magnesium). Historically the primary driving force for implementation of new materials in bicycle manufacture has been the almost fanatical desire to reduce the weight of the bicycle. Although weight reduction of the bicycle will continue to be important, an old design paradigm—driven mostly by the recent popularity of bicycles designed to be ridden off-road (mountain bikes)—has re-emerged: the design of bicycles that minimize the amount of road/trail shock transmitted to the rider.
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Cessford, Gordon. "Perception and reality of conflict: walkers and mountain bikes on the Queen Charlotte Track in New Zealand." Journal for Nature Conservation 11, no. 4 (January 2003): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1617-1381-00062.
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Stavi, Ilan, and Hezi Yizhaq. "Applying Geomorphic Principles in the Design of Mountain Biking Singletracks: Conceptual Analysis and Mathematical Modeling." Land 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110442.
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Mountain biking, also known as singletracking, is an emerging sector in outdoor recreation activities. Experience shows that although bicycling is considered a low-impact activity, singletracking may have adverse environmental footprints. Here, we review and conceptually analyze the forces applied on singletracks, and implement mathematical modeling of these forces, for a range of climatic conditions and geographic settings. Specifically, we focus on the hydrological and geomorphic impacts of singletracking, and highlight the importance of applying geomorphic principles in their design. Also, we demonstrate specific measures for establishing singletracks on hillslopes and in ephemeral stream channels. We discuss how climate, topography, surface roughness, hydrological connectivity, and pedology determine the processes of water runoff and soil erosion on singletrack trails. Further, we demonstrate how riders’ behavior determines the rate of shearing, wearing, compaction, deformation, and rutting of the singletrack, as well as the expansion of physical damages to the track’s surroundings. These conditions and effects determine the durability of singletracks, with implications for maintenance requirements over time. The specific implications of the emerging sector of electric mountain bikes on singletrack durability are discussed. Insights of this paper will benefit landscape designers and land managers aiming to foster ecotourism and sustainable recreation opportunities.
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Laqua, Annika, Jan Schnee, Jo Pletinckx, and Martin Meywerk. "Identification of factors influencing the riding experience on e-mountain bikes: An analysis of the rider-bicycle interaction." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 98 (October 2023): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.08.008.
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Riska Oktavian and Luthfi Hadi Aminuddin. "STRATEGI PEMASARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN PADA TOKO SEPEDA EKS BIKE DOLOPO." Niqosiya: Journal of Economics and Business Research 2, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/niqosiya.v2i2.1031.
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Marketing strategy is an entire system of business activities designed to determine and plan prices, promotions and distributions that can satisfy current and potential consumers. Marketing strategy is marketing that seeks to embed the industry and its products in the minds of customers. This strategy has the aim of winning a market with 3 components, namely segmentation, targeting, and positioning. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of segmentation marketing strategies in order to increase sales at Ex Bike Shops, to determine the implementation of targeting marketing strategies in order to increase sales at Ex Bike Shops, to determine the implementation of positioning marketing strategies in order to increase sales at Ex Bike Shops and to find out impact after segmentation, targeting, and positioning at the Ex Bike Shop have been carried out. This study uses qualitative research methods by using the type of field research (field research). Data collection techniques used are interviews and observations. The results of this study use a deductive method that starts with general questions and ends with specific conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that (1) the marketing strategy by using segmentation at the Ex Bike Shop only applies geographic and demographic segmentation. (2) The marketing strategy by using targeting at the Ex Bike Shop is not specifically determined for certain circles but for the entire community. (3) The marketing strategy by using positioning at the Ex Bike Shop favors mountain bikes by targeting those who like strong, durable and tough bikes. (4) The impact of the implementation of the marketing strategy of segmentation, targeting, and positioning carried out by the Ex Bike Shop is still not maximized. Especially for the segmentation whose sales focus is only in the Dolopo District and its surroundings, in the end the market segmentation is less broad. Then the specific targeting of the target market has not been formed, so the impact of implementing this strategy has not been able to increase sales.
Abstrak
Strategi pemasaran merupakan suatu keseluruhan sistem dari aktivitas bisnis yang dibuat untuk menentukan serta merencanakan harga, promosi dan melakukan distribusi yang bisa memberikan kepuasan pada konsumen sekarang ini dan konsumen potensial nantinya. Strategi pemasaran merupakan pemasaran yang berupaya menanamkan industri serta produknya di pikiran pelanggan. Strategi ini memiliki tujuan agar dapat memenangkan suatu pasar dengan tiga komponen ialah segmentation, targeting, positioning. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan strategi pemasaran segmentation dalam rangka meningkatkan penjualan pada Toko Eks Bike, untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan strategi pemasaran targeting dalam rangka meningkatkan penjualan pada Toko Eks Bike, untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan strategi pemasaran positioning dalam rangka meningkatkan penjualan pada Toko Eks Bike dan mengetahui dampak setelah dilakukan segmentation, targeting, dan positioning pada Toko Eks Bike. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research). Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menggunakan metode deduktif yang dimulai dengan pertanyaan umum kemudian diakhiri dengan kesimpulan yang bersifat khusus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa (1) strategi pemasaran dengan menggunakan segmentation pada Toko Eks Bike hanya menerapkan segmentasi geografi dan demografi saja. (2) Strategi pemasaran dengan menggunakan targeting pada Toko Eks Bike secara spesifik tidak menentukan untuk kalangan tertentu saja melainkan untuk seluruh kalangan masyarakat. (3) Strategi pemasaran dengan menggunakan positioning pada Toko Eks Bike mengunggulkan sepeda gunung dengan menyasar pada mereka yang menyukai sepeda yang kuat, awet dan tangguh. (4) Dampak dari penerapan strategi pemasaran segmentation, targeting, dan positioning yang dilakukan oleh Toko Eks Bike masih belum maksimal. Terutama untuk segmentation yang fokus penjualannya hanya di wilayah Kecamatan Dolopo dan sekitarnya pada akhirnya segmentasi pasar kurang luas. Kemudian targeting yang secara spesifik target pasar belum terbentuk, sehingga dampak dari penerapan strategi ini belum mampu meningkatkan penjualan.
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Scoz, Robson Dias, Cesar Ferreira Amorim, Thiago Espindola, Mateus Santiago, Jose Joao Baltazar Mendes, Paulo Rui de Oliveira, Luciano Maia Alves Ferreira, and Romulo Nolasco Brito. "Discomfort, pain and fatigue levels of 160 cyclists after a kinematic bike-fitting method: an experimental study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 3 (August 2021): e001096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001096.
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ObjectiveTo analyse rider’s subjective responses after a standardised bicycle ergonomic adjustment method.MethodsExperimental study of 160 healthy, amateur mountain bikers analysed previously and 30 days after a bike-fitting session. The main outcome measures were subjective comfort level (Feeling Scale, FEEL), fatigue (OMINI Scale) and pain (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS).ResultsAll variables demonstrated statistical significance between groups pre and post bike-fit session (p<0001). FEEL, OMNI and VAS-knee demonstrated large effect sizes (d=1.30; d=1.39 and d=0.86, respectively). VAS-hands, VAS-neck and VAS-back indicated moderate effect size (d=0.58; d=0.52 and d=0.43, respectively). VAS-groin and VAS-ankle indicated a small size effect (d=0.46 and d=0.43, respectively).ConclusionsOverall discomfort, fatigue and pain in healthy mountain biker adults improved according to all three scales. The major improvements in pain levels were detected on the knee, hands, back and neck compared with presession values. Groin and ankle pain had smaller improvements but were still significant. Future clinical trials should address the bias effects of this experimental study.
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Baranowski, Michael, Felix Basalla, Florian Kößler, and Jürgen Fleischer. "Investigation of the Thermal Characteristics of a Novel Laser Sintering Machine for Additive Manufacturing of Continuous Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Parts." Polymers 15, no. 16 (August 14, 2023): 3406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163406.
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This paper presents the thermal analysis of a novel laser sintering machine for additive manufacturing of continuous carbon fibre-reinforced polymer parts. The core element of this machine is a fibre integration unit with a heated fibre nozzle. With the help of an additional heat source, which is mounted on the bottom side of the fibre integration unit, the temperature of the powder bed surface is kept within the sintering window of the PA12 material used in the investigations. Different heat source variants differing in shape and material were analysed experimentally concerning the heat distribution achieved within the powder bed surface using an infrared camera. Based on the best-rated variant showing the most homogeneous heat distribution, operating points for successful continuous fibre integration were experimentally identified. An aluminium plate with a closed fibre nozzle slot and symmetrical surface heating power has proven to keep the powder bed surface reliably warm. Compared to the initial state, the resulting increased uniformity of heat-affected zones created by the heated fibre nozzle HAZ was evaluated by fabricating a horseshoe part made of PA12. Furthermore, a CCFRP flat pedal for mountain bikes demonstrated roving integration’s process reliability and reproducibility.
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Campbell, Tom, Lewis Kirkwood, Graeme McLean, Mark Torsius, and Geraint Florida-James. "Trail Use, Motivations, and Environmental Attitudes of 3780 European Mountain Bikers: What Is Sustainable?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 12971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412971.
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Background: The extent to which mountain biking impacts upon the environment is largely determined by rider behaviours. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of how mountain bikers interact with the natural environment and explore their attitudes towards sustainability. Methods: 3780 European mountain bikers completed an online cross-sectional survey. Results: Connection to nature was an important source of motivation and the use of mountain bike trails has increased rider’s appreciation of and willingness to protect nature, with a large majority having taken direct action to do so. Mountain bikers are prepared to contribute towards trail maintenance through the provision of labour or financially. Although most mountain bikers make use of wet trails and illegal trails, incidence of conflict is relatively low. A range of characteristics were identified as being fundamental elements of sustainable trails, both in relation to the sustainability of the trail itself and in terms of wider environmental sustainability. Conclusions: European mountain bikers care about the sustainability of the natural environment. Self-reported attitudes and behaviours suggest a willingness to reduce environmental impact and actively protect nature.
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Rumpa, Lantana Dioren. "DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI INSTRUMEN DIGITAL PENGUKUR KECEPATAN, JARAK DAN PEMBAKARAN KALORI PADA SEPEDA GUNUNG BERBASIS MIKROKONTROL ATMEGA32." Journal Dynamic Saint 2, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47178/dynamicsaint.v2i2.103.
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Bicycle is one of the most popular transportation and in Indonesia there are still many people used it. Static bike or stationary bicycle is one of many kind of bicycle and people used it in indoor room. Static bike has an electronic panel that could help people who used it to know how far the distance, what abaout their speed and how many calories they have burned. Many people said that static bike is more fun and more interesting than outdoor bicycle especially from mountain bike because the static bike has the electronic panel. The electronic panel from static bike will be used on mountain bike so it can be more interresting as static bike. Microcontroller will used as minicomputer to processing all data from magnetic sensor that show the rotation of bike’s tires and then the microcontroller will show the result on seven segment display about the distances, the speed, and the calories burned.
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Reka, S. Sofana, Venkata Dhanvanthar Murthy Voona, Puvvada Venkata Sai Nithish, Dornadula Sai Paavan Kumar, Prakash Venugopal, and Visvanathan Ravi. "Performance Analysis of Deep Convolutional Network Architectures for Classification of Over-Volume Vehicles." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042549.
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The number of vehicle accidents has increased in recent years due to overloaded goods carriers. Off-road driving, mountain roads, and sharp edges on a road are the main causes of an imbalance in overloaded trucks. In rural areas, where smaller roads cannot accommodate high volume vehicles, such vehicles cause many problems for cars, bikes, bicycles, and other small vehicles, as well as an increase in traffic congestion in those areas. This has become a major problem in the daily lives of drivers in rural areas as well as major urban areas. Solutions are needed to detect over-volume goods carriers and alert drivers to slow down or control the volume in their trucks. This work mainly focuses on a solution that uses deep CNN models. In this work, different deep convolutional architectures are evaluated for their ability to classify goods based on their volume. The model implemented is based on a dataset-specific transfer learning process with CNN layers generated in ImageNet in which only dense layers are learned. The primary objective of this work is to identify a classification method that exhibits proven results with respect to the accuracy parameters. In this work, different deep architectures were tested, and among the efficient networks, Net-B3 was found to perform with 95% accuracy on average. The different architectures were evaluated based on their accuracy, confusion matrix, ROC curve, and AUC score with a real-time dataset.
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Hrůza, Petr, Petr Pelikán, and Lucie Olišarová. "Single-Track Bike Trails in the Moravian Karst as Part of Forest Recreation." Forests 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111601.
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Recently, cycling has become a popular recreation activity, and mountain biking provides an experience that is sought by an increasing number of people. Bike trails constructed for mountain bikers in access areas lead mostly through the forest and provide not only an extraordinary riding experience but the opportunity to admire the surrounding nature. The reason for constructing such trails from a landowner’s point of view is to help keep bikers’ movements within a defined access area and to ensure adjacent areas are left free for other forest functions. It also helps distribute groups of visitors with other interests to other parts of the forest. This is what we call “controlled recreation”. In this example, it means that if cyclists come to the locality to use the bike trails, they should ride only along the designated trails; however, they may leave these trails and ride on the surrounding land. This article studied the movements of bikers in an accessible area of the Moravian Karst and the regulation of their movements by controlled recreation. Attendance in the area was measured using automatic counters. These were placed at the entry points to the accessible area and just behind the routes where the trails branch off. The results showed that bikers mostly stayed on the formal routes and that the trails were effective, i.e., there was no uncontrolled movement of bikers into the surrounding forest stands. We also noted the time of day that cyclists were active. These results can be used to better plan work in the forest, for example, harvesting and logging. To further the suitable development of accessible areas of the forest, we also compared the usual size of trail areas in two other European countries and the increasing width of bike trails due to the transverse slope of the terrain.
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Vervisch, Thomas, Yannick Christiaens, and Jan Detand. "The design of a composite folding bike to improve the user experience of commuters." MATEC Web of Conferences 167 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816701001.
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Over the last years, the popularity of folding bikes has been increasing as a result of the rise of multi-modal transport. They are used by commuters as a complement to public transport. Despite the increasing popularity, the current market offer of folding bikes still represents quite some restrictions and downsides which decrease their usability. This paper shows a user-centred process of designing and prototyping a composite folding bike with the aim of improving the user experience of folding bike using commuters. By improving the usability and ease of use of folding bikes, their full potential can be unlocked. The design process led to a disruptive folding bike design with front and rear single-sided offset wheel mounting. The concept excels in its intuitive and quick folding mechanism, superior riding performance and comfort, adjustability and overall ease of use. In addition to the design process and prototyping of the folding bike, this extended abstract elaborates on the performed user tests and its results. These tests range from the impact of offset wheels to the intuitiveness of the folding mechanism and were performed in order to prove different aspects of the design. This research shows how rethinking and redesigning a bike concept (product) from scratch, using a user-centred design process and taking into account the three aspects — business, technology and people — can lead to a disruptive design that improves usability and the overall user experience of the stakeholders.
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Anggriawan, Ivan, and Wawan Gunawan. "Implementation of Data Mining Using K-Means Algorithm for Bicycle Sales Prediction." ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah 14, no. 3 (December 19, 2022): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/ilkom.v14i3.1291.284-293.
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During the pandemic, to reduce the number of Covid-19 spreads, the government imposed social distancing and work from home (WFH) to reduce community activities outside the home. This caused people to have irregular patterns or lifestyles which less any physical activity . It surely can lower immunity system in which can increase the risk of being infected by the virus. Therefore, during the pandemic, sports or exercises become one of the activities that regularly carried out by the community to increase their immunity. One of the sports activities that can be done to maintain their immunity is cycling. Cycling itself is a light activity that can be practiced by all ages. This occasion is certainly a good marketing target for bicycle selling companies, but the company sometimes experiences problems regarding bicycle stocks that do not match with the consumer market target. The purpose of this study is to find out what types of bicycles are on demand by predicting bicycle sales and looking at the desired interests of the community. This study uses the K-Means Clustering algorithm. The results of the K-Means Clustering research are divided into three clusters; Cluster 1 with 209 members with the most interest in mountain bikes, Cluster 2 with 787 members with the most interest in folding bicycles, and Cluster 3 with 540 members with bicycle interests. Most of them are city bicycles, from the clustering process above, the Dunn Index validation (Dunn Index) can be obtained with a value of 0.1324532.
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Senese, Antonella, Manuela Pelfini, Davide Maragno, Irene Maria Bollati, Davide Fugazza, Luca Vaghi, Maurizio Federici, et al. "The Role of E-Bike in Discovering Geodiversity and Geoheritage." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 4979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15064979.
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This study analyzed the challenges and benefits of the identification and promotion of a long-distance cycleway in high mountain areas with the aim of promoting Alpine eco- and geo-tourism. We also investigated the role of e-biking in discovering local geodiversity and geoheritage in a sustainable way. In particular, we focused on the path from Bormio to the Forni Glacier (Upper Valtellina, Italy), analyzed within the framework of the “E-bike” Interreg project. We performed a detailed analysis to select the points of environmental–geological interest (POIs), with a focus on geoheritage sites to increase the knowledge of the natural heritage of the area. Since these sites are widespread in the study area, within the frame of the “E-bike” project, we selected only the most exemplary ones, covering a wide spectrum of attractions, from a moving geosite (i.e., landslide) to a paradigmatic example of the effects of climate change (glacier). The “E-bike” path represents in its entirety a great opportunity to visit mountain and high-mountain landscapes, even for inexperienced mountain bikers, and to enjoy places rich in naturalistic and cultural values. Our interdisciplinary approach allows visitors to identify the sites of interest and export the structure of the project in different environmental and human contexts.
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Yang, Qingbin. "The Construction of Mountain Bike Athletes’ Performance Measurement Index System Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (March 7, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2117174.
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Mountain biking is a recognized fitness sport. Therefore, studying the performance measurement system of mountain biking athletes is an important way to supervise and realize scientific training. At present, many views on the issue of function measurement are somewhat divergent. The only research is limited to the discussion of function components, which lacks systemicity, and there is little research on the construction of the function measurement index system. Combining the practice of mountain bike training, the article conducts a more detailed research on the construction of performance measurement index system, focusing on what to do and the principles to be followed. The article takes a total of 28 mountain bikers from a cycling team as the research object, and uses the literature review method, expert consultation method, and functional test mathematical statistics method to analyze the obtained data and improve the data sorting table. On this basis, statistics create descriptive statistics of the data. Experiments show that if the ankle joints and flexors and extensors of mountain bikers are tested at an angular velocity of 60°/s and 180°/s, the peak moment flexion-extension ratio is 20%–36%, hemoglobin rises within 12–24 h, creatine kinase recovers within 36–72 h, and blood urea nitrogen recovers within 24–36 h.
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Folmer, Akke, Ali (Tanya) Tengxiage, Hanny Kadijk, and Alastair John Wright. "Exploring Chinese millennials’ experiential and transformative travel: a case study of mountain bikers in Tibet." Journal of Tourism Futures 5, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-02-2019-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore domestic experiential travel by Chinese millennials, a group of consumers who will increasingly influence the global travel and tourism industry. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research method was adopted to explore motivations and memorable experiences of Chinese millennials who successfully mountain biked the Qinghai–Tibet Highway in China. Findings For Chinese millennial mountain bikers in Tibet, experiential travel motivations and experiences are important. During the trip, they challenged their mental and physical abilities, enjoyed nature, bonded with friends and perceived a warm welcome by Tibetan families. This study adds to existing knowledge on experiential travel, as it was found that transformation was perceived as important outcome of the trip. Participants perceived personal change in attitude and behaviour, which will help them face everyday life challenges. Research limitations/implications Further research could focus on gaining insight into other types of Chinese adventure tourists, on comparing wishes and demands of Chinese with other mountain bikers and on developments in transformative travel. Practical implications Adventure tourism organisations could adjust their tourism product range to cater more for Chinese millennials who aim to improve their physical and mental skills. Originality/value In-depth research into motivations and experiences of Chinese millennials is scarce. The influence of Chinese millennials on the tourism market is already large and will continue to increase.
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Smith, Carine, and Kathryn H. Myburgh. "Mountain-bike Racing." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S238—S239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-01240.
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Rouzier, Pierre. "Mountain Bike Injuries." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-00151.
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Rouzier, Pierre. "Mountain Bike Injuries." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-00292.
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Smith, Carine, and Kathryn H. Myburgh. "Mountain-bike Racing." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S238???S239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-01240.
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Aslan, İrem, Yücel Ocak, and Hasan Toktaş. "THE EFFECTS OF THE APPLIED TABATA TRAINING MODEL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MOUNTAIN BIKE ATHLETES." Kinesiologia Slovenica 28, no. 3 (November 20, 2022): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.28.3.54-68.
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The aim of this study was to examine the development of anaerobic (maximum strength), aerobic (endurance), and heart rate numbers with the six-week Tabata Training Model applied to mountain biking athletes between the ages 14-18. A total 20 mountain bike athletes with a mean age of 15.45 ± 1.15 years participated in the study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. The Traditional Training Group (CG) consisted of nine people and they applied the traditional training program for six weeks. The Tabata Training Group (TTG) consisted of 10 participants, and they, unlike CG, performed Tabata Interval Training on three days of the Traditional Training Program. CG did interval, rest, tempo, and endurance training for six weeks. The pre-test and post-test results showed that, aerobic power values increased by 10,7% in TTG; and 5,6% in CG, and mean power values increased by 8,6% in TTG; and 5,5% in CG. VO2max values while increased by 5,3% in TTG, it increased by 3,9% in CG, mean pulse values decreased by 0,7% in TTG and 2,8% in CG. As a result, it was seen that the Tabata Interval Model, which includes Tabata Interval Trainings applied for six weeks to high trained mountain bikers, increased the performance. In light of these results, it can be said that the Tabata Training Model is an effective training model that can be used to improve performance in high-level mountain bikers.
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Murphy, SP, A. Fuller, AJ Bentley, and I. Avidon. "The effects of three days of sub-maximal-intensity mountain biking on sleep." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2011/v23i1a357.
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Objectives. We determined the effect of three consecutive days of sub-maximal-intensity mountain biking (4.5 hours per day, ~64 km per day), on the sleep of ten healthy, trained male and female mountain bikers. Methods. The sleep of the mountain bikers was assessed both subjectively (visual analogue scales and sleep questionnaires) and objectively (activity data logger) on each night of mountain biking and for seven nights when they were not cycling (pre-exercise, mean of seven nights). The cyclists’ mood and muscular pain were assessed each night using visual analogue scales. The cyclists slept at home in their normal environment. Results. There was no significant difference between the mountain bikers’ muscular pain and mood (calm/anxious visual analogue scale) measured during the pre-exercise stage and their pain and mood measured on each of the mountain biking nights (p>0.05). However, compared with the pre-exercise stage, the mountain bikers reported that they were significantly more tired (tired/energetic visual analogue scale) on each night of cycling (p<0.01). The sleep of the mountain bikers was disrupted on the night of the third day of mountain biking only. On this night, compared with the pre-exercise stage, the mountain bikers reported that they woke up more during the night (double the number of times) (p<0.001), and an activity data logger recorded that they were awake for about half an hour longer during the night (p<0.05). Conclusion. We have shown that three days of repeated, endurance sub-maximal mountain biking disrupted the sleep of the mountain bikers on the third night of cycling.
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Ambrose, Kate. "Tips for mountain bikers." Emergency Nurse 13, no. 7 (November 2005): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/en.13.7.6.s8.
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Krivickas, L. S., and S. Dugan. "LEG PAIN - MOUNTAIN BIKER." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, Supplement (May 1999): S405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-02079.
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Buning, Richard J., Zachary Cole, and Matthew Lamont. "A case study of the US mountain bike tourism market." Journal of Vacation Marketing 25, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 515–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766719842321.
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Communities and regions throughout the United States are investing in the development and enhancement of requisite resources to leverage the growth of mountain bike tourism. However, an understanding of mountain bike tourists’ demographics, travel patterns, trip behaviors, and expenditures is lacking, thereby hampering product and market development efforts. The purpose of this study was to explore the demographics, travel preferences, and travel behaviors of US mountain bike tourists. Through an online survey hosted on a popular mountain bike website, a sample of US mountain bike tourists ( N = 810) was gathered. Data revealed that mountain bike tourists are predominately middle-aged affluent males who take an average of five short-break trips annually of about 400 miles per trip during the spring and summer months, and in the process spend approximately US$400 per trip. Stemming from the results, implications for mountain bike tourism development are discussed.
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Yachnyk, M., I. Iachniuk, and I. Iachniuk. "Cycling as way increasing women motor activity." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 12(120) (December 25, 2019): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2019.12(120)19.25.
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The article focuses on the fact that the leading condition for the physical development of a human is to achieve success in a healthy lifestyle. Healthy living is a practical action aimed at preventing diseases, strengthening all systems of the body and improving the overall well-being of the person. Optimal motor activity basis of the method of formation of healthy lifestyle, which influences different spheres of modern human life. Its need is determined by the patterns of normal growth and body development. It provides for the development and improvement of various processes of vital activity, support and promotion of health. Human physical activity with harmonious combination exercise, are indispensable means of preventing diseases, important factors for promoting human health and maintaining its efficiency. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, daily motor activity includes types of movements aimed at meeting the natural human needs (sleep, personal hygiene, eating, efforts spent on its preparation, purchase of products), as well as training and production activities, and specially organized physical activity combines various forms of exercise in its structure. The uniqueness of cycling is that during training you not only imitate mountain biking, but also exercise, and all this is done under pleasant music and under the guidance of an experienced trainer and lasts 45-55 minutes. During the exercise, almost all skeletal muscles are activated, and the load is distributed almost evenly into the upper and lower body. Variety of physical exercises, accuracy of dosing of loads, make the exercise on bikes accessible to people of different age categories. One of the main conditions for the physical development of young people, achieving success in a healthy life is health itself. Human health depends on the lifestyle that characterizes the conditions and features of daily life. Lifestyles cover different spheres: work, study, life, social life, culture, people's behavior and their spiritual values.
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Rose, SC, HA Chipps, and EM Peters. "Fluid use in mountain bikers - self-reported practices." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 19, no. 2 (June 15, 2007): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2007/v19i2a266.
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Background and objectives. Little is known of the fluid replacement habits of participants in mountain bike (MTB) endurance events. This survey set out to determine the current perceptions and practices of this group of endurance athletes. Method. Four hundred and twelve participants in the 3- day 2006 Sani2C (MTB) race completed questionnaires that elicited information regarding their regular fluid intake practices during competitive MTB endurance events. This included their general approach to fluid replacement, their fluid intake practices (type, amount and frequency), urine output and hydration status. Results. While 70% (N = 290) reported that they based their fluid intake practices on personal past experiences, less than half the group (N = 177, 43%) were aware of official sport-specific guidelines. Although 86% (N = 354) reported making use of commercially available sport-specific drinks, consumption of water alone was reported by 34% of respondents (N = 140). The majority (N = 225, 55%) of the mountain bikers reported drinking every 16 - 30 minutes during an endurance ride, while 35% (N = 144) reported drinking every 0 - 15 minutes. Fifty-three per cent (N = 182) of the male respondents and 45% (N = 23) of female respondents reported a routine intake of ≥ 750 ml per hour during endurance rides. This included 2 women who reported regular intakes of between 1 500 and 2 000 ml/hr. Only 7 (2%) reported receiving medical care for dehydration following their participation in previous MTB rides. Conclusions. This survey indicates that although more than half of the mountain bikers did not acknowledge specific awareness of the official fluid replacement guidelines, over 80% reported drinking regularly during a race, and 52% (N = 212) reported a usual intake of ≥ 750 ml/hr during endurance races. Until scientific studies have carefully examined the hydration status and fluid replacement needs of mountain bikers, MTB cyclists are cautioned against the practice of over-hydrating. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 52-58
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Setiawan, Erry. "Persepsi Kebijakan Fiskal 2021 dan Kinerja Perekonomian Daerah Terhadap Volume Penjualan Sepeda Gunung dengan Pandemi Covid-19 Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Konsumen Toko Sumber Agung Jl. Niaga Kota Mojokerto)." JEBDEER: Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business Development and Economic Educations Research 4, no. 1 (October 7, 2020): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32616/jbr.v4i1.217.
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The objectives of this study are: 1) Analyze the perceptions of fiscal policy 2021 towards the Covid-19 pandemic. 2) Analyze the influence of regional economic performance on the Covid-19 pandemic. 3) Analyze the effect of perceptions of fiscal 2021 on mountain bike sales volume. 4) Analyze the influence of regional economic performance on mountain bike sales volume. 5) To find out and analyze the effect of mountain bike sales volume on the Covid-19 pandemic. 6) To find out and analyze the effect of the perception of fiscal 2021 policy indirectly on the volume of mountain bike sales through the Covid-19 pandemic. 7) Analyze the effect of regional economic performance indirectly on mountain bike sales volume through the Covid-19 pandemic. The population in this study were consumers of Toko Sumber Agung Jl. Commerce in Mojokerto City. The sampling method used census technique, data analysis used SPSS version 20 for validity test with factor analysis, reliability test with Cronbach. Classic assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis, to verify and prove the research hypothesis. From the research results it can be concluded as follows: 1) Perceptions of fiscal 2021 policy have no effect on the Covid-19 Pandemic 2) Regional economic performance has a significant effect on the Covid-19 Pandemic 3) Perceptions of fiscal policy in 2021 have no effect on mountain bike sales volume regions have a significant effect on mountain bike sales volume 5) The Covid-19 pandemic has a significant effect on mountain bike sales volumes 6) Perceptions of 2021 fiscal policy have an indirect effect on mountain bike sales volume through the Covid-19 Pandemic 7) Regional economic performance has an indirect effect the volume of mountain bike sales through the Covid-19 Pandemic