Academic literature on the topic 'Mountain bikes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mountain bikes"
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Rauter, Samo, Matej Supej, and Janez Vodičar. "Examining the Efficiency of Electric-Assisted Mountain Biking across Different Types of Terrain." Applied Sciences 13, no. 21 (October 25, 2023): 11677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132111677.
Full textAbstract:
Mountain bikes with electric assistance (e-bikes) have gained popularity recently by allowing riders to increase their pedaling power through an electric motor. This innovation has raised questions about how e-bikes compare to traditional mountain bikes regarding physical effort, speed, and physiological demands. By examining these factors, the study aims to compare and characterize differences in performance-related parameters when using an electric-assisted mountain bike compared to a conventional mountain bike on different types of terrain (uphill, downhill, flat section, technically demanding terrain) concerning power output, velocity, cardiorespiratory parameters, and energy expenditure. Six experienced mountain bikers (mean age: 44.6 ± 6.4 years, mean body height: 173.3 ± 5.6 cm, mean body weight: 70.6 ± 4.9 kg) cycled 4.5 km on varying off-road terrain at their own race pace, once with and once without electrical assistance, in randomized order. The results of the study indicate significantly faster (24.3 ± 1.85 to 17.2 ± 1.22 km/h (p < 0.001)) cycling on an electric-assisted mountain bike, which reduces cardiorespiratory parameters and metabolic effort as well as results in less demanding workload (138.5 ± 31.8 W) during the cycling with an electric-assisted mountain bike in comparison to a conventional mountain bike (217.5 ± 24.3 W (p < 0.001)). The results indicate significant differences especially when riding uphill. The performance advantage of an electrically assisted mountain bike diminishes compared to a conventional mountain bike on downhill, flat, or technically challenging terrain. The highlighted advantages of electric-assisted mountain bikes could represent a novel strategy for cycling in different terrains to optimize efficiency.
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Hall, Cougar, Taylor H. Hoj, Clark Julian, Geoff Wright, Robert A. Chaney, Benjamin Crookston, and Joshua West. "Pedal-Assist Mountain Bikes: A Pilot Study Comparison of the Exercise Response, Perceptions, and Beliefs of Experienced Mountain Bikers." JMIR Formative Research 3, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): e13643. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13643.
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Background Mountain biking is an aerobic physical activity that has experienced rapid growth. The emergence of the electric pedal-assist mountain bike (eMTB), while not without its critics, presents the potential for an even larger segment of the population to enjoy the health benefits of mountain biking. Although the research focused on the use of e-bikes generally is growing, there is limited research specifically targeting eMTB use. Research is needed exploring the potential exercise response of riding an eMTB, together with the beliefs and perceptions of mountain bikers who have and have not experienced eMTB riding. Objective This study aimed to compare conventional mountain bike and eMTB use. This was done by investigating 2 questions: (1) What proportion of exercise response is retained for an experienced mountain biker while using an eMTB when compared with a conventional mountain bike? and (2) What are the perceptions and beliefs of experienced mountain bikers toward eMTBs both before and after riding an eMTB? Methods A convergent mixed methods data collection approach was used in the study. Participants completed both a pre- and postride questionnaire, and data regarding heart rate were collected. Heart rates from each ride were compared against each other. Results The average heart rate during eMTB use was 94% (31/33) of the average heart rate during conventional mountain bike use. Therefore, eMTB use in this study achieved a majority of the exercise response and exceeded established biometric thresholds for cardiovascular fitness. Paired t test statistics were calculated to compare beliefs of conventional mountain bikes and eMTBs and to compare mean heart rate and speed between conventional mountain bike and eMTB use on the study loop. Participants overwhelmingly perceived the potential impact of eMTB use to be positive on both pre- and post-eMTB ride questionnaires. Conclusions Despite the measured benefit, participants’ perceived exertion while riding the eMTB was low.
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Karisman, Vicki Ahmad. "Motivation Patterns of Cyclists in the New-Normal Era." JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 7, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33222/juara.v7i1.1453.
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This study aimed to determine the motivation pattern of the riders of mountain bikes, road bikes, and folding bikes in the new-normal era. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative. The participants of this study were 258 cyclists in Bandung. The data was collected through a Sport Motivation Scale-6 questionnaire. This study indicates that there is no significant difference between the motivation of mountain bike, road bike, and folding bike riders. However, there is a substantial difference in income indicators in sociodemography, especially for road bike riders, while mountain bike and folding bike riders do not have any significant differences. This study shows that the motivation patterns of cyclists impact the cycling activities undertaken.
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Chaney, Robert A., P. Cougar Hall, Ashley R. Crowder, Benjamin T. Crookston, and Joshua H. West. "Mountain biker attitudes and perceptions of eMTBs (electric-mountain bikes)." Sport Sciences for Health 15, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11332-019-00555-z.
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Li, Yifan. "Analysis of the Determinants of Marketing Strategies of Mountain Bikes in China." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 38, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/38/20231902.
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Under the condition of highly developed modern market economy, mountain-bike marketing draws wide attention in the society. However, it has not received due attention from relevant parties in academic research. Based on the current situation, particularly the phenomenon of mountain-bike craze, this article takes behavioral economics as the theoretical basis, applying the method of literature and investigation analysis of what factors can influence the marketing of mountain bikes. In this context, this paper, applies a questionnaire to investigate the relevant population, or exactly a semi-structured questionnaire was used in this study, which combines the advantages of fully structured questionnaire and completely unstructured questionnaire, simultaneously making the formulation and implementation of questionnaire more efficient, providing the interviewee with a certain degree of flexibility and freedom. The findings show that consumers expectation and the factors of mountain bikes, such as quality and price have a greater impact on its marketing than the price. Accordingly, this paper proposes that mountain bike manufacturers and businesses should take targeted marketing measures on the basis of ensuring product quality, like customized marketing and value marketing.
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Patrick, Kevin. "Mountain Bikes and the Baby Boomers." Journal of American Culture 11, no. 2 (June 1988): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.1988.1102_17.x.
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Dolah, Mohd Shahrizal, Mohamad Amaluddin Amran, Aminuddin Yusof, Shahrul Azman Shahbudin, Raja Ahmad Azmeer Raja Ahmad Effendi, and Saiful Hasley Ramly. "PRACTICE-LED: DESIGN FACTOR ANALYSIS IN DEVELOPING NEW MOUNTAIN BIKE (MTB) PEDAL." ALAM CIPTA International Journal Of Sustainable Tropical Design & Practice 1, no. 15 (June 30, 2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ac.15.1.chapter03ac.id.
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This paper has investigated a practice-led design method for product designers in designing a new mountain bike (MTB) pedal. According to the World Bank, it is estimated, there are already more than two billion bikes in use around the world in 2017 and the number increasing every year. The main objective of the study is to understand the cause of an accident and to provide design factors for a designer in developing a new MTB pedal. Fieldwork done in Malaysia from 2018 to 2020 revealed that, 85.2% of mountain bike riders involved in an accident (physical injuries) during bike event that course by the mishandling of bike pedal. Direct observation and action design research was adopted as the main research method where the author involved actively participating in MTB event to gain the main data. Product design specifications were listed that could help in reducing physical injuries among mountain bike riders (MBR). Eight design factors were listed as the main design priority in the product design specification. The product design specifications (PDS) were used as design guidance for designer in developing a new MTB pedal that could meet the requirement and the preferences of the mountain bike riders.
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Dressel, Andrew, and James Sadauckas. "Characterization and Modelling of Various Sized Mountain Bike Tires and the Effects of Tire Tread Knobs and Inflation Pressure." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093156.
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Mountain bikes continue to be the largest segment of U.S. bicycle sales, totaling some USD 577.5 million in 2017 alone. One of the distinguishing features of the mountain bike is relatively wide tires with thick, knobby treads. Although some work has been done on characterizing street and commuter bicycle tires, little or no data have been published on off-road bicycle tires. This work presents laboratory measurements of inflated tire profiles, tire contact patch footprints, and force and moment data, as well as static lateral and radial stiffness for various modern mountain bike tire sizes including plus size and fat bike tires. Pacejka’s Motorcycle Magic Formula tire model was applied and used to compare results. A basic model of tire lateral stiffness incorporating individual tread knobs as springs in parallel with the overall tread and the inflated carcass as springs in series was derived. Finally, the influence of inflation pressure was also examined. Results demonstrated appreciable differences in tire performance between 29 × 2.3”, 27.5 × 2.8”, 29 × 3”, and 26 × 4” knobby tires. The proposed simple model to combine tread knob and carcass stiffness offered a good approximation, whereas inflation pressure had a strong effect on mountain bike tire behavior.
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Дижо, Ян, Мирослав Блатницкий, Вадим Васильевич Ищук, Денис Молнар, Себастьян Солчанский, and Борис Плайдичко. "Конструктивные особенности современных горных велосипедов, часть 3." Technológ 15, no. 2 (2023): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tech.c.2023.2.21.
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MBT bikes (or mountain bikes) are widely used bikes, which serve the most often for sport purposes. These bikes are produced in more variants and they differ by several signs. There are dimensions, weight categories, used accessories and others. Together with this, there are different technical solutions, which make them different to each other. Usually, it refers to technical solutions of suspension system of a rear wheel of also a front wheel. A rear wheel can be suspended by different systems, which lead to different characteristics are provide different riding properties. This contribution presents an overview current technical solutions of these systems.
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Ariwangsa, I. Made Bayu, and Dian Pramita Sugiarti. "Pariwisata Petualangan Berbasis Darat di Kabupaten Karangasem." JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2021.v09.i02.p30.
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Adventure tourism is an outdoor activity that has grown and developed in recent years and is becoming increasingly popular as a nature-based regional development model. Adventure activities, especially mountain bikes, are mostly carried out by tourists visiting Bali. Karangasem Regency has a unique geographical condition in the form of a mountainous area that strongly supports the development of mountain biking activities. By examining the potential of adventure tourism owned by Karangasem Regency, it can be seen that the supporting resources of adventure tourism in the implementation of mountain biking activities in Karangasem Regency can be identified.This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. It uses purposive sampling and snowball sampling to determine and select informants. The data were collected by using a participatory observation by trying mountain bike activities in mountain area and interview the informants. The data analysis applied the content and meaning analysis using a qualitative descriptive method. The theory used in the analysis is adventure approach theory and tourism development components.The results of the analysis reveal that the supporting resources for mountain biking activities that are not yet fully available are contained in the location criteria related to permits and regulations, so that an appropriate plan is needed in order to meet the basic criteria in the completeness of supporting resources for adventure tourism. While the criteria for activity, security, natural resources and the environment, as well as the operational sector are almost entirely available, requiring development that is in accordance to make a sustainable mountain biking activities in Karangasem Regency.
Keywords: Mountain Bike Activity, Adventure Tourism, Supporting Resources Criteria.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mountain bikes"
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Wu, Chia-Chin. "Static and dynamic analyses of mountain bikes and their riders." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4159/.
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Mountain biking is a globally popular sport, in which the rider uses a mountain bike to ride on off-road terrain. A mountain bike has either a front suspension system only or a full-suspension system to decrease the external vibration resulting from the terrain irregularities and to increase riding comfort. Despite the added comfort of full-suspension of mountain bikes, there are some disadvantages because the chain-suspension interaction and bobbing effect absorb some of the rider's pedalling power and lead to the reduction of pedalling efficiency. In this study, a technique for evaluating the pedalling efficiency of a bike rider in seated cycling by using engineering mechanics is developed. This method is also found to be useful for determining the correct crank angle for the beginning of the downstroke and that of the upstroke during each pedalling cycle. Next, five mathematical models of rider-bike systems are developed in Simulink and SimMechanics, including one hard-tail (HT) bike, and four full-suspension (FS) bikes [single pivot, four-bar-linkage horst link, four-bar-linkage faux bar, and virtual pivot point (VPP)]. In each of the five rider-bike systems, a PID controller is applied on the rider's elbow to prevent his upper body from falling down due to gravity. A pedalling controller is also developed in Simulink, which is based on the previous theory for evaluating the rider's pedalling efficiency written in Matlab. Another PID controller is used for the pedalling control by sensing the real-time moving speed and applying a suitable pedalling force to achieve a desired speed. The dynamic responses for each of the five rider-bike systems moving on a flat road surface (without bumps) and rough terrain (with bumps) are investigated. The values determined include the pedalling force, pedalling torque and power, forward velocity, contact forces of front and rear wheels, compressions of front suspension (front fork) and rear suspension (rear shock absorber), sprocket distance, chain tension force, and vertical accelerations of handlebar and seats. The numerical results reveal that, while moving on flat road surface, the pedalling efficiency of hard-tail bike is highest, and the bobbing effect of the VPP bike is most serious. However, while moving on rough terrain, the riding conditions for each of the four full-suspension bikes are more stable than the hard-tail bike.
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Lee, Hamilton, and n/a. "Competitive mountain bike and road cycling: physiological characteristics of athletes and demands of competition." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.110406.
Full textAbstract:
Despite many studies describing the physiological characteristics of professional road
cyclists and recent work describing the demands of competition, there is a paucity of
similar information regarding elite mountain bike (MTB) cyclists. The aim of the
present work was to describe the physiological characteristics and the demands of
competition for successful MTB cyclists relative to successful road cyclists.
Internationally competitive cyclists from both disciplines (seven MTB and seven road)
completed the following laboratory tests: anthropometric measurements, an incremental
cycle ergometer test and a 30 minute laboratory time trial. In addition, the power output
profile obtained in the field from a world-class MTB cyclist riding a simulated race
were compared to successful road cycling performances (placing top 3) in flat (FLAT),
semi-mountainous (SEMO), high-mountainous (HIMO), individual time trial (ITT) and
criterium (CRIT) road races.
Due to conversion problems, 6 sentences have been omitted. For full abstract, see 01front.pdf.
These results indicate that success in international MTB racing
requires high power-to-weight characteristics complemented by a light and lean
physique. MTB racing is associated with greater torque at the pedal crank, a more
constant effort with less time at lower power outputs and a higher frequency of highintensity
surges than road racing. Therefore coaches should take into account these
unique MTB racing characteristics when devising training programs for elite athletes.
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Mühlhans, Petr. "Podnikatelský záměr v oblasti cyklistiky pro všechny." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-127025.
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Picturing an interesting combination of extreme sport and spa services in purpose of supporting travel trade in Czech city of Marianske Lazne. Taking advantage of unique layout of Czech's youngest significant spa town and its easy accessibility of diverse services on a relatively small area. Researching problems of public goods and active participation in developing potencial of local ski resort.
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Hrachovec, Matěj. "Horský hotel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265387.
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The thesis focuses on a project of a mountain hotel. Hotel is located in the area Jeseník, altitude of 550 m. It is detached hotel with a rectangular ground plan with one underground floor and four above ground floors. In the basement is the engine room ventilation, bikes room and in the second part of the underground is wellness center. On the first floor is a restaurant. In the other floors are hotel rooms for 1 to 3 person. On the fourth floor are two apartments. The hotel is based on the monolithic footings.In the basement the vertical supporting are from concrete. Other vertical supporting are built from bricks Porotherm 30, which is insulated and ventilated facade with laggin 150 mm. Supporting horizontal structures are made of monolithic reinforced concrete. The building is covered with a double skin roof structure made of wooden trusses.
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Costa, Vitor Pereira. "Variações fisiológicas determinantes de performance em mountain bikers." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2006. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/355.
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The purpose of this paper is to identify morphophysiological characteristics of Brazilian mountain bike (MTB) athletes , and determine the physiologic demand imposed on organism during cross-country competitions (XC) and variables associated to performance. Fourteen mountain bikers that dispute local and national championships were selected (26,1 6,5 years; 68,4 5,7kg; 175,3 4,3cm; 5,8 1,7 %F; 8,6 4,6 years of training), in different categories: elite (n=6), junior (n=1), sub 23 (n=3), sub 30 (n=1) and master (n=3). Firstly, the participants were submitted to Wingate test (WT), with fixed load corresponding to 10% of body mass (CEFISE®, 1800). After a minimum interval of 30 min., the incremental progressive exercise (IPE) was accomplished in the cycle-simulator (CompuTrainer TM RacerMate® 8000, Seattle WA), with initial load of 100 W and additional load of 30 W every 3 min. until exhaustion. During IPE, HR (Polar® Vantage NV and S610i), VO2 (Aerosport® KB1-C), [La] (Yellow Springs 1500) and EPE - 10 points (Borg et al, 1982). LL1 were identified starting from the relation between the smallest equivalent value [La].W-1 and for LL2, the fixed value of 1,5 mmol.l-1 is included (Berg et al., 1990). The physiologic domains were identified from the theoretical model of Gaesser and Poole, (1996): below LL1 (moderate), between LL1 and LL2 (intense), above LL2 (severe). After a minimum interval of four days, the athletes of the category elite were monitored through the HR registration, during the Brazilian stage of the World Cup of XC. After two weeks, all participants were evaluated in the Brazilian Championship of XC. The results indicate that the athletes present morphologic characteristics similar to those of international athletes, although physiologic variables are smaller, except for VO2máx and VO2máx.kg-1. The behavior of HR during XC competitions indicates that the average HR ranges from 91 to 92% of HRmax, provided that great part of the tests is predominantly disputed in the severe physiologic domain (~ 90% of the total time). Wmax.kg-1 and Wmáx.kg-0,79 were significantly associated with the performance in both competitions and only WLL2.kg-0,79 in the World Cup of XC. Therefore, it is noted that XC competitions require high physiologic demand, and are disputed predominantly in physiologic severe domain, close to the maximum aerobic power. In addition, the physiologic variables associated with performance stand out when normalized by algometric scale. In this regard, in order to have good performance during XC competitions, athletes should emphasize of power and capacity, aerobic and anaerobic.
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as características morfofisiológicas dos atletas brasileiros de mountain bike (MTB), com determinação da demanda fisiológica imposta ao organismo durante as competições de cross-country (XC) e variáveis associadas à performance. Foram selecionados 14 mountain bikers que disputam campeonatos estaduais e nacionais (26,1 ± 6,5 anos; 68,4 ± 5,7 kg; 175,3 ± 4,3 cm; 5,8 ± 1,7 %G; 8,6 ± 4,6 anos de treinamento), que competem em diferentes categorias: elite (n=6), júnior (n=1), sub 23 (n=3), sub 30 (n=1) e máster (n=3). Primeiramente, os participantes foram submetidos ao teste de Wingate (TW), com carga fixa correspondente a 10% da massa corporal (CEFISE®, 1800). Após intervalo mínimo de 30 min., foi realizado o protocolo de cargas progressivas (PCP) no ciclo-simulador (CompuTrainer TM RacerMate® 8000, Seattle WA), com carga inicial de 100 W e incremento de 30 W a cada 3 min. até a exaustão. Durante o PCP, foram identificadas a FC (Polar® Vantage NV e S610i), o VO2 (Aerosport KB1-C), [La] (Yellow Springs ®1500) e PSE 10 pontos (Borg et al, 1982). LL1 foi identificado a partir da relação entre o menor valor equivalente [La]/W e para LL2, acrescenta-se o valor fixo de 1,5 mmol.l-1 (Berg et al., 1990). Os domínios fisiológicos foram identificados a partir do modelo teórico de Gaesser e Poole, (1996): abaixo de LL1 (moderado), entre LL1 e LL2 (intenso), acima de LL2 (severo). Após intervalo mínimo de quatro dias, os atletas da categoria elite, foram monitorados através do registro da FC, durante a etapa brasileira da Copa do Mundo de XC. Após duas semanas, todos os participantes foram avaliados no Campeonato Brasileiro de XC. Os resultados indicam que os atletas apresentam características morfológicas semelhantes aos atletas internacionais, sendo que as variáveis fisiológicas são menores, exceto o VO2máx e VO2máx.kg-1. O comportamento da FC durante as competições de XC, indica que os valores médios da FC estão entre 91 e 92 % de FCmáx, sendo que grande parte das provas é predominantemente disputada no domínio fisiológico severo (~ 90% do tempo total). A Wmáx.kg-1 e Wmáx.kg-0,79 foram associadas significativamente com a performance nas duas competições e apenas a WLL2.kg-0,79 na Copa do Mundo de XC. Assim, percebe-se que as competições de XC exigem demanda fisiológica elevada, sendo disputadas predominantemente no domínio fisiológico severo, próximo à potência aeróbia máxima. Em adição, as variáveis fisiológicas associadas com a performance destacam-se quando normalizadas por alometria. Desta forma, para que os atletas tenham um bom desempenho durante as competições de XC, sugere-se o treinamento da potência e capacidade, aeróbia e anaeróbia.
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Guzenko, A. I. "History of mountain biking." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45489.
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The history of Mountain Biking begins in the mid 1970's when the sport of bicycling was rapidly developing. A few biking 'freaks' in the state of California did nоt just turn a hobby and a number of innovative improvements into a profession with their new 'fat tire' bike. Instead they set in motion a worldwide boom.
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Linaker, Kelly, and n/a. "Physiological and Performance characteristics of Elite Mountain Bike Cyclists." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20080916.141457.
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Cross-country (XC) mountain bike (MTB) riding is a new cycling discipline and research
examining the physiological demands of MTB racing is limited. The purpose of this study
was to comprehensively measure physiological characteristics, to identify the performance
demands of XC and time trial (TT) MTB racing and to simulate a field MTB race in the
laboratory to measure the physiological responses associated with racing.
Twelve male and four female elite MTB cyclists volunteered to take part in this study.
Subjects completed maximal aerobic power and, anaerobic power and capacity tests. MTB
race data was collected during TT and XC competitions with SRM MTB power cranks fitted
to the subjects MTB. Five male MTB cyclists (V
.
O2max 72.0 +/- 4.6 ml/kg/min-1, maximum
power output (MPO) 5.40 +/- 0.30 W/kg-1, maximum heart rate (HRmax) 189 +/- 7 bpm)
performed two laps of a MTB course in the field using their race bikes with MTB SRM power
cranks fitted. A laboratory MTB race simulation was performed using a wind braked
ergometer. Cyclists attempted to match the average and peak power output (W/kg-1) achieved
in the field trial in the laboratory. Power output (PO), heart rate (HR) and cadence
(revolutions per minute, rpm) were measured during field and laboratory trials, while oxygen
uptake (V
.
O2) was determined only during the laboratory simulation.
Results showed TT MTB racing is significantly shorter in duration and distance than XC
racing and significantly higher for power output and heart rate, with more time spent above
anaerobic threshold (16.0 +/- 2.4 and 22.8 +/- 4.3% time) and MPO (38.4 +/- 5.2 and 26.5 +/- 9.4%
time) than XC racing (p<0.05). Mean power output and heart rate between the field and
laboratory trials were similar (4.18 +/- 0.55 and 4.17 +/- 0.15 W/kg-1 respectively, 175 +/- 9 and
170 +/- 8 bpm). Time spent below 2 W/kg-1 and above 6 W/kg-1 for the field and laboratory
trials accounted for ~32% and ~30% of the total time, respectively. During field and
laboratory trials, cyclists utilised 77.8 and 77.3% of MPO, 93 and 90% of HRmax, respectively.
There was a significant difference between mean cadence in the field and laboratory trials
(60.3 +/- 9.1 and 75.2 +/- 7.0 rpm, respectively, p<0.05). The cadence band of 60-69 rpm
showed a significant difference between the time spent in that band from the field (14.6%) to
the laboratory (4.6%). The time spent above a cadence of 80 rpm in the field was 29.8%
compared to the laboratory at 62.0% of the time. Mean and peak V
.
O2 for the simulation was
57.5 +/- 3.3 and 69.3 +/- 4.4 ml/kg-1/min-1 respectively, with cyclists sustaining an average of
~80% V
.
O2max.
In summary, MTB competition requires multiple short-high intensity efforts and places high
demands on both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. The power output and heart rate
responses to a MTB field race are similar when simulated in the laboratory, although in the
laboratory higher cadences are selected for the higher power outputs than the field.
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Metcalfe, John. "The physiology and bioenergetics of ultraendurance mountain bike racing." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2011. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/2824/.
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Ultraendurance mountain bike racing is a relatively new sport and has received scant research attention. The practical difficulty of field-testing during competition has played a role in this dearth of knowledge. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the physiology and bioenergetics of cross-country marathon (XCM) and 24 hour team relay (24XCT) mountain bike racing. Study One analysed the physiological characteristics of XCM competitors and compared them to data from studies in the literature for Olympic-distance cross-country (XCO) mountain bike competitors. The XCM participants had lower mean peak aerobic capacity (58.4 ± 6.3 mL•kg-1•min-1), greater body mass (72.8 ± 6.7 kg) and estimated percentage body fat (10.4 ± 2.4%) compared to values reported for XCO competitors in the literature. Stature (1.77 ± 6.0 m) and normalised peak power output (5.5 ± 0.7 W•kg-1) were comparable. These data suggest that specific physiological characteristics of XCM competitors differ from those of XCO competitors. Study Two quantified and described the exercise intensity during a XCM race by monitoring heart rate responses. The mean heart rate (150 ± 10 beats•min-1) for the duration of the race equated to 82 percent of maximum heart rate and did not differ significantly throughout the race (p = 0.33). The data indicated that the XCM race was of a high aerobic intensity. Prior to the competition the relationship between heart rate and O2peak for each participant was established during an incremental laboratory test. Energy expenditure was estimated by assigning 20.2 kJ to each litre of oxygen consumed. The mean rate of energy expenditure during the race was estimated to be 59.9 kJ•min-1. Furthermore, no anthropometric or physiological measures were correlated to race speed, indicating that other factors contribute to race performance. The third study was a laboratory-based investigation to determine whether physiological factors relevant to 24XCT racing change with time of day. On separate days participants cycled on an ergometer for 20 min at 82 percent of maximum heart rate at 06:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 00:00 h. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for several physiological responses (heart rate, oxygen uptake, salivary cortisol concentrations and intra-aural temperature) but not for performance variables (power output and self-selected cadence). It was concluded that the laboratory protocol lacked ecological validity and that it was necessary to test within a race using authentic 24XCT competitors. In order to measure in-race performance, Study Four examined the agreement between a bottom-bracket ambulatory ergometer (Ergomo®Pro) and the criterion SRM power meter in a field-based setting. Analysis of absolute limits of agreement found that the Ergomo®Pro had a systematic bias (± random error) of 4.9 W (± 6.12). Based on tolerances recommended in the literature the unit was considered fit for purpose for measuring power output during 24XCT racing. Study Five was a multiple case-study design that examined the physiological and performance parameters of a team during a 24XCT race. It was reported that mean work-shift speed (18.3 ± 2.6 km•h-1), power output (219 ± 50.9 W) and cadence (64.1 ± 9.3 rpm) were variable between participants and between work-shifts. A commonality amongst the participants was an increase in speed during the final work-shift compared to the penultimate one. A decline in work-shift heart rate was observed throughout the race. For the majority of participants an increase in gross efficiency (1.7 ± 1.4 %) was reported from the penultimate to the final work-shift. It was concluded that pacing strategies were employed and that the improved efficiency was caused, in part, by an increased familiarity with the course during the race. Study Six examined the nutritional practices and energy expenditure of the same team during the same 24XCT race. Energy expenditure during the work-shifts was estimated in accordance with Study Two. Resting energy expenditure during the recovery periods was estimated using the Harris and Benedict formula (1919). Food and fluid consumption were determined via food diaries and hydration status was assessed by measuring the refractive index of urine. Energy consumption (17.3 ± 2.2 MJ) was considerably less than energy expenditure (30.4 ± 6.1 MJ) with the former accounting for only 57 percent of the latter. The energy cost during the work-shifts was estimated to be 74.5 kJ•min-1. Mean fluid intake (6.3 ± 0.9 L) for the 24 h was sufficient to maintain hydration status. Based on these studies an integrated model of the factors that influence ultraendurance mountain bike performance was developed. The domains that influence race speed are physiological factors, technical and tactical factors, and nutritional strategies. The sub domain that influences these is environmental factors. Collectively this information is of practical importance to sport scientists, coaches and athletes involved with designing nutritional and tactical preparation strategies and training programmes for this sport.
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Waal, Steven. "A Quantitative Approach for Tuning a Mountain Bike Suspension." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2246.
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A method for tuning the spring rate and damping rate of a mountain bike suspension based on a data-driven procedure is presented. The design and development of a custom data acquisition system, known as the MTB~DAQ, capable of measuring acceleration data at the front and rear axles of a bike are discussed. These data are input into a model that is used to calculate the vertical acceleration and pitching angular acceleration response of the bike and rider. All geometric and dynamic properties of the bike and rider system are measured and built into the model. The model is tested and validated using image processing techniques. A genetic algorithm is implemented with the model and used to calculate the best spring rate and damping rate of the mountain bike suspension such that the vertical and pitching accelerations of the bike and rider are minimized for a given trail. Testing is done on a variety of different courses and the performance of the bike when tuned to the results of the genetic algorithm is discussed. While more fine tuning of the model is possible, the results show that the genetic algorithm and model accurately predict the best suspension settings for each course necessary to minimize the vertical and pitching accelerations of the bike and rider.
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Waal, Steven Robert. "A Quantitative Approach for Tuning a Mountain Bike Suspension." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2271.
Full textAbstract:
A method for tuning the spring rate and damping rate of a mountain bike suspension based on a data-driven procedure is presented. The design and development of a custom data acquisition system, known as the "MTB DAQ," capable of measuring acceleration data at the front and rear axles of a bike are discussed. These data are input into a model that is used to calculate the vertical acceleration and pitching angular acceleration response of the bike and rider. All geometric and dynamic properties of the bike and rider system are measured and built into the model. The model is tested and validated using image processing techniques. A genetic algorithm is implemented with the model and used to calculate the best spring rate and damping rate of the mountain bike suspension such that the vertical and pitching accelerations of the bike and rider are minimized for a given trail. Testing is done on a variety of different courses and the performance of the bike when tuned to the results of the genetic algorithm is discussed. While more fine tuning of the model is possible, the results show that the genetic algorithm and model accurately predict the best suspension settings for each course necessary to minimize the vertical and pitching accelerations of the bike and rider.
Books on the topic "Mountain bikes"
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Cook, Janet. Mountain bikes. London: Usborne, 1990.
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Lewis, Beverly. Mountain bikes & garbanzo beans. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1993.
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Jefferis, David. All-terrain bikes. Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn Publishers, 2002.
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Ball, Chris. Mountain biking: The manual. London: Wavefinder, 2010.
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Kelly, Charles. Richard's mountain bike book. London: Pan, 1990.
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Crowther, Nicky. The ultimate mountain bike book: The definitive illustrated guide to bikes, components, technique, thrills and trails. [London]: Carlton, 1996.
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Forth, Clive. The mountain bike skills manual: Fitness and skills for every rider. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides, 2011.
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John, Stevenson. Mountain bikes: Maintenance and repair. San Francisco: Bicycle Books, 1992.
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Stevenson, John. Mountain bikes maintenance and repair. Huddersfield: Springfield, 1991.
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Evans, Jeremy. Pro mountain biker: The complete manual of mountain biking : bikes, accessories, and techniques. Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Mountain bikes"
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Tempia, Angelo, Aleksandar Subic, and Riccardo M. Pagliarella. "Dynamic Characteristics of Modern Mountain Bikes Rear Linkages." In The Engineering of Sport 6, 91–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46050-5_17.
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McCormack, Karen. "Becoming a Mountain Biker." In Lifestyle Sports and Identities, 9–23. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429340505-1-3.
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Carmont, Michael R. "Mountain Bike : An Overview." In Sports Injuries, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36801-1_217-1.
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Campbell, Tom. "Sustainable mountain bike trails." In Mountain Biking, Culture and Society, 125–40. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003361626-12.
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Carmont, Michael R. "Mountain Bike Injuries: An Overview." In Sports Injuries, 2871–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36569-0_217.
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Gibbs, David, and Lewis Holloway. "Encounters with mountain bike trail centre spaces." In Mountain Biking, Culture and Society, 95–109. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003361626-9.
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Moreland, Benjamin, Alice Lemkes, Jenni Myers, and Jack Reed. "Hegemonic masculinity and sexualisation in mountain bike trail naming practices." In Mountain Biking, Culture and Society, 188–201. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003361626-17.
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McEwan, Kieren, Neil Weston, and Paul Gorczynski. "Evaluating competitiveness as a personality trait among a sample of mountain bikers." In Mountain Biking, Culture and Society, 34–48. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003361626-4.
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Nattress, Clare. "Air pollution as ‘slow violence’ during multi-day mountain bike trips." In Mountain Biking, Culture and Society, 157–69. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003361626-14.
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Leeder, Thomas M., and Lee C. Beaumont. "Exploring mountain bike coaches' perceptions towards learning to coach through story completion." In Mountain Biking, Culture and Society, 17–33. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003361626-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Mountain bikes"
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Batterbee, D. C., and N. D. Sims. "Magnetorheological platform dampers for mountain bikes." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Benjamin K. Henderson and M. Brett McMickell. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.811984.
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Redfield, Robin C. "Design Parameter Sensitivity for a Mountain Bike Rear Shock." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14761.
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As the sport of mountain biking matures, equipment continually evolves to afford better biking performance, enjoyment, and safety. In the arena of suspension systems, mountain bikes have moved from rigid suspensions with large, knobby tires to front fork suspensions, and finally full suspensions. Suspensions have gone from elastomeric compliance to air and coil springs with adjustable travel. Damping has progressed from fixed to adjustable rebound, compression, and lockout. The current trend is to add force or frequency dependent damping to minimize response of a suspension from pedal input. A bond graph model of a mountain bike rear shock is developed incorporating adjustable rebound and low-speed compression, high-speed compression, and rider controlled, compression damping initiation. An air shock with a nitrogen charge is modeled with velocity across the shock as input. The dynamic equations that come from the bond graph are simulated to predict key forces, pressures, and flow-rates. Experimental response (forces, displacements, and velocities) of the modeled shock is acquired subject to periodic velocity inputs. The experimental response is used to tune the design parameters of the model and for validation. A sensitivity analysis is then undertaken to determine how significant key design parameters are to the performance of the shock. Once validated, the model is used to better understand the physics and performance of the mountain bike shock and to relate performance to the requirements of expert mountain bikers.
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Schoeneck, Noah, James Sadauckas, and Mark Nagurka. "Identification and Modeling of a Mountain Bike Front Suspension Subsystem Equipped with a Telescopic Fork and Tire Damping." In The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition. The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/65037d87d2719ed4543447a7.
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A key component in the mountain bike industry is the telescopic front suspension, which offers the advantage of improved performance when traversing obstacles, rough terrain, and high impact landings. Despite the popularity of telescopic forks in the market and their incorporation into vehicle level simulation, the details and modelling assumptions around this subsystem have received limited attention in the literature... This paper presents a system identification and modeling approach that promises a deeper understanding of the dynamic behavior of mountain bikes with telescopic front suspensions. The mountain bike front suspension subsystem is modelled initially using the classic quarter car model with the suspension and tire both included as second-order systems, each with spring and damper elements in a Kelvin-Voigt arrangement stacked in series. The paper then incrementally increases the complexity of the quarter car model by performing a parameterization study of the fork and tire. The model results are compared to data from an impact sled test of a telescopic mountain bike front suspension subsystem. The correlation between the quarter car model response and the test data varies with the complexity and inclusion of parameters suggesting that the inclusion of key parameters in the model is an important aspect of modeling the mountain bike front suspension system.
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Schoeneck, Noah, James Sadauckas, and Mark Nagurka. "Identification and Modeling of a Mountain Bike Front Suspension Subsystem Equipped with a Telescopic Fork and Tire Damping." In The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition. The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/65ea2e57849efaac633d9392.
Full textAbstract:
A key component in the mountain bike industry is the telescopic front suspension, which offers the advantage of improved performance when traversing obstacles, rough terrain, and high impact landings. Despite the popularity of telescopic forks in the market and their incorporation into vehicle level simulation, the details and modelling assumptions around this subsystem have received limited attention in the literature... This paper presents a system identification and modeling approach that promises a deeper understanding of the dynamic behavior of mountain bikes with telescopic front suspensions. The mountain bike front suspension subsystem is modelled initially using the classic quarter car model with the suspension and tire both included as second-order systems, each with spring and damper elements in a Kelvin-Voigt arrangement stacked in series. The paper then incrementally increases the complexity of the quarter car model by performing a parameterization study of the fork and tire. The model results are compared to data from an impact sled test of a telescopic mountain bike front suspension subsystem. The correlation between the quarter car model response and the test data varies with the complexity and inclusion of parameters suggesting that the inclusion of key parameters in the model is an important aspect of modeling the mountain bike front suspension system.
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Rahman, AHM E., and David Pugh. "Design of a Composite Mountain Bike Hydraulic Disc Brake." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11057.
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Abstract The primary goal of the project is to design a hydraulic disk brake system for mountain bikes made from reinforced plastics. Hydraulic brakes offer significantly better performance for a mountain bike over traditional cable rim break or cable disk break. Nevertheless, people are unable to appreciate advantage because of the price. The traditional hydraulic disk brake systems are made of aluminum alloy. With a proper design, it may be possible to create a lever assembly and a caliper that would be competitive on price and weight. Often bike parts are judged by how much they weight, the less they weight, the more they are desirable. This is only true to a certain extent because lighter parts come with a premium price tag. The current project proposed that the injection molded brakes would be lighter because of the material being used and cost-effective because the manufacturing process can be utilized. Commercial reinforced plastic composites have been identified as lighter materials compared to aluminum alloy. Through an iterative design process, the final designs of lever assembly and caliper have been achieved. The stopping force has been determined considering the abrupt stoppage with a standard weight person riding the bike. Based on the stopping force the stress analyses were obtained using FEA simulation for master cylinder, slave cylinder, and lever. At the end, the final designs were chosen based on the stress analyses and manufacturability.
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Redfield, Robin C. "Planar, Large Excursion Bond Graph Model for Full Suspension Mountain Biking." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81334.
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A bond graph model of a fully suspended mountain bike and non-seated rider is created to develop predictions for the performance of mountain bikes during large excursion maneuvers such as drops, jumps, crashes, and rough terrain riding. The model assumes planar dynamics, a single pivot full suspension bicycle, and a rigid-body rider suspended from the bicycle. The main frame, front fork, rear triangle, two wheels, and rider are modeled as separate bodies interconnected at the main pivot, telescoping fork, pedals, handlebars, and axles. Suspensions are between the main frame and front fork, main frame and rear triangle, handlebars and rider (arms) and pedals and rider (legs). An algorithm is used to allow tracking of a virtual tire-ground contact point for events that separate the wheels from the ground. Significant excursions of motion are allowed to model major slope changes, separations from the ground, and large rotational events (endos). The bond graph approach allows kinematics to drive the significant dynamic interactions with the effort (force and torque) relationships being derived for “free”. Simulations of a ground profile with a rise followed by a steep drop are performed for various initial conditions to qualitatively validate the predictions of the model. Rider strategies for negotiating the drop are examined in the process. Overarching goals of the research are to examine and understand the dynamics and control of interactions between a cyclist and mountain bike. Specific, longer term, goals are to understand the improvement in performance afforded by an experienced rider, to hypothesize human control algorithms that allow riders to perform maneuvers well and safely, to predict structural bike and body forces from these maneuvers, and to quantify performance differences between hard-tail and various full suspension bicycles.
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Ballo, Federico, Massimiliano Gobbi, Giampiero Mastinu, and Giorgio Previati. "A Test Rig for the Accurate Measurement of Bicycle Tyres Characteristics." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22141.
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Abstract In this paper, a new test rig for measuring the characteristics of bicycle tyres is presented. The test rig is designed to measure the parameters of a wide range of bicycle tyres, including race bicycles, mountain-bikes and city-bikes. The test rig consists of a frame that allows a single wheel to be cambered and steered. Electric motors can be added to produce longitudinal slip. The test rig is conceived to be employed either on a drum or on a flat surface. The friction on the drum or on the flat surface can be varied in a relatively easy way. The test rig can measure the vertical force, the lateral force, the self aligning torque, the moment around the longitudinal axis, and, after proper arrangement, the longitudinal force. The steering and camber axles of the test rig intersect at the centre of the contact patch. In this way, the vertical vibrations of the wheel cause a pure vertical motion of the centre of the contact patch i.e. without longitudinal velocity. The lateral force is measured by a Watt’s linkage. The steering motion is allowed by pneumatic bearings, which guarantee a vanishing friction moment and thus an accurate measurement of the self-aligning moment. Some measured tyre characteristics are provided.
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Guiguer, Fabio Rodrigo, Ednelí Soraya Monterrey-Quintero, Renato Corrêa Pimazzoni, Paulo Roberto da Silveira, Arlindo Saran Netto, and João Adriano Rossignolo. "Vamos de bike: mobilidade sustentável no campus USP Fernando Costa." In Congresso dos Profissionais das Universidades Estaduais de São Paulo. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Sistema de Bibliotecas, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/conpuesp.2.2023.5028.
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Introdução: O Projeto Vamos de Bike busca incentivar a mobilidade sustentável e a apreciação da natureza. Objetivo: Com uma comunidade universitária de 2.600 membros em uma área de 2.269 hectares, o objetivo principal é promover o uso de bicicletas como uma alternativa de transporte livre de emissões poluentes. Metodologia: O projeto evoluiu ao longo dos anos, incluindo a construção de uma ciclovia de 5.950 metros e a instalação de 3 estações de compartilhamento de bicicletas. Resultados: Desde a inauguração da primeira estação em 2017, o projeto cresceu para 3 estações, oferecendo um total de 30 bicicletas urbanas e 18 mountain bikes. A média mensal de empréstimos nos últimos seis meses foi de 1.414, com um pico de cerca de 1.900 em maio de 2023. O projeto contribui para vários Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, incluindo promoção da saúde e bem-estar, melhoria da educação e mobilidade, criação de cidades seguras e sustentáveis e redução de emissões de gases de efeito estufa. Desafios incluem a manutenção do sistema e das bicicletas, bem como a renovação e ampliação da frota. Uma modernização está em andamento para simplificar o acesso, empréstimo e devolução de bicicletas por meio de leitura facial. Para 2024, está prevista a ampliação da quarta estação e a conclusão da ciclovia, proporcionando 100% de acesso seguro às principais vias de asfalto do Campus. Conclusão: O Projeto Vamos de Bike contribui para promover a mobilidade sustentável, reduzir emissões poluentes e conscientizar a comunidade universitária sobre o efeito antrópico na sustentabilidade.
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Helms, Sven, Yannick Rauch, Martin Bejarano, Maurice Kettner, and Jochen Eckert. "Investigation of the Performance of Electric Bicycles in Interaction with Cyclists’ Driving Behaviour in Driving Cycles on a Chassis Dynamometer." In Small Powertrains and Energy Systems Technology Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1816.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In an era of urbanization and increasing focus on sustainable transport options, bicycles and e-bikes (especially pedelecs) have gained popularity as environmentally friendly alternatives to cars.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to develop digital twins of bicycles and electric bicycles, in particular pedelecs, and to study the cyclist’s behaviour in interaction with the electric drivetrain, investigations were carried out on an automotive chassis dynamometer. Evaluation data for the pedelec and its drivetrain as well as the riding behaviour of different riders were obtained within driving cycles on the road and on the test bed.An AVL chassis dynamometer was used, which is originally designed to test motor vehicles with a maximum power output of up to 150 kW and a maximum speed of 200 km/h. The tests were performed in the “road load simulation mode”, which simulates the speed-dependent driving resistances of the test vehicle. An additional interface was implemented for dynamic adjustment of the altitude gradient.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Two test objects were used: <ol class="list nostyle"><li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">1</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">“Haibike”: mountain bike pedelec with a mid-mounted Bosch motor (Bosch Performance Line CX and CAN-Bus Data-logger).</div></li><li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">2</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">EcoSensorBike: an urban trekking bike equipped with e.g. a torque sensor on the crank.</div></li></ol></div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to the built-in measurement technology, the pedelec is used first for a qualitative evaluation of the power and traction data. The lighter second bicycle is used for further tests with several subjects.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A measurement campaign was carried out to gain data for the validation of the digital twin of the pedelec as well as for the investigation of cyclist’s behaviour in the driving cycle. The traction force and speed data will be recorded at high resolution by the dynamometer and will provide information on the power output of the rider-bike combination, as well as the braking and shifting behaviour under simulated traffic conditions. The data is recorded in real time, allowing the rider’s power output per crank revolution to be analysed by evaluating the traction force data. As with classical vehicle testing, the definable environmental and driving profile conditions on the dynamometer allow excellent reproducibility of the measurements.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The investigations show the differences of driving behaviour on the road and on the test bed.</div></div>
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Pierce, R. Scott, Caleb Whitener, and Sudhir Kaul. "Semi-Active Damping for Off-Road Bicycle Suspension: An Experimental Study." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85400.
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This paper presents experimental results from the testing of a semi-active damping system in an off-road bicycle (bike). Magnetorheological dampers are being increasingly used in automotive applications to enhance damping capability of a suspension system or to mitigate the trade-off between ride comfort and handling. A magnetorheological (MR) damper requires a relatively low amount of energy to control damping characteristics, and behaves as a passive damper in the absence of any power input. This study investigates the use of a semi-active magnetorheological damper for the rear suspension of a mountain bike. The performance of this damper has been compared to the current shock absorber on the bike. All testing has been performed on a shaker table and the performance of the damper has been evaluated by comparing the input acceleration at the hub of the rear wheel to the acceleration at the seat of the bike. The main aim of this study is to investigate the viability of using an MR damper in a mountain bike suspension system. Test results indicate that the performance of the semi-active MR damper is comparable to the current shock absorber. Furthermore, the MR damper lends itself to hands-off control that will be investigated in a future study. Therefore, it can be concluded from preliminary testing that an MR damper can be used in a mountain bike to effectively control damping.
Reports on the topic "Mountain bikes"
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Fitch, Dillon, Zeyu Gao, Lucy Noble, and Terry Mac. Examining the Effects of a Bike and E-Bike Lending Program on Commuting Behavior. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2051.
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In 2015, Google added a new transportation demand management (TDM) program to increase bike commuting to their two main campuses in Mountain View and Sunnyvale, California. An initial survey of employees indicated that bike ownership and worry about maintenance were primary bicycling barriers. With this information, Google began a program that loaned high-quality electric-assisted and conventional bicycles for a period of six months at no cost to interested employees. This research evaluates the effectiveness of the program at changing travel behavior to the corporate campuses by using self-reported and smartphone-integrated travel data. The lending program at Google represents one of, if not the largest, employer-sponsored bike and e-bike lending program in North America with over 1,000 bikes in its inventory. Thus, the evaluation of this program is a critical first step for understanding how bike lending can influence travel behavior in North American suburban contexts.