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1
Linaker, Kelly, and n/a. "Physiological and Performance characteristics of Elite Mountain Bike Cyclists." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20080916.141457.
Full textAbstract:
Cross-country (XC) mountain bike (MTB) riding is a new cycling discipline and research
examining the physiological demands of MTB racing is limited. The purpose of this study
was to comprehensively measure physiological characteristics, to identify the performance
demands of XC and time trial (TT) MTB racing and to simulate a field MTB race in the
laboratory to measure the physiological responses associated with racing.
Twelve male and four female elite MTB cyclists volunteered to take part in this study.
Subjects completed maximal aerobic power and, anaerobic power and capacity tests. MTB
race data was collected during TT and XC competitions with SRM MTB power cranks fitted
to the subjects MTB. Five male MTB cyclists (V
.
O2max 72.0 +/- 4.6 ml/kg/min-1, maximum
power output (MPO) 5.40 +/- 0.30 W/kg-1, maximum heart rate (HRmax) 189 +/- 7 bpm)
performed two laps of a MTB course in the field using their race bikes with MTB SRM power
cranks fitted. A laboratory MTB race simulation was performed using a wind braked
ergometer. Cyclists attempted to match the average and peak power output (W/kg-1) achieved
in the field trial in the laboratory. Power output (PO), heart rate (HR) and cadence
(revolutions per minute, rpm) were measured during field and laboratory trials, while oxygen
uptake (V
.
O2) was determined only during the laboratory simulation.
Results showed TT MTB racing is significantly shorter in duration and distance than XC
racing and significantly higher for power output and heart rate, with more time spent above
anaerobic threshold (16.0 +/- 2.4 and 22.8 +/- 4.3% time) and MPO (38.4 +/- 5.2 and 26.5 +/- 9.4%
time) than XC racing (p<0.05). Mean power output and heart rate between the field and
laboratory trials were similar (4.18 +/- 0.55 and 4.17 +/- 0.15 W/kg-1 respectively, 175 +/- 9 and
170 +/- 8 bpm). Time spent below 2 W/kg-1 and above 6 W/kg-1 for the field and laboratory
trials accounted for ~32% and ~30% of the total time, respectively. During field and
laboratory trials, cyclists utilised 77.8 and 77.3% of MPO, 93 and 90% of HRmax, respectively.
There was a significant difference between mean cadence in the field and laboratory trials
(60.3 +/- 9.1 and 75.2 +/- 7.0 rpm, respectively, p<0.05). The cadence band of 60-69 rpm
showed a significant difference between the time spent in that band from the field (14.6%) to
the laboratory (4.6%). The time spent above a cadence of 80 rpm in the field was 29.8%
compared to the laboratory at 62.0% of the time. Mean and peak V
.
O2 for the simulation was
57.5 +/- 3.3 and 69.3 +/- 4.4 ml/kg-1/min-1 respectively, with cyclists sustaining an average of
~80% V
.
O2max.
In summary, MTB competition requires multiple short-high intensity efforts and places high
demands on both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. The power output and heart rate
responses to a MTB field race are similar when simulated in the laboratory, although in the
laboratory higher cadences are selected for the higher power outputs than the field.
2
Metcalfe, John. "The physiology and bioenergetics of ultraendurance mountain bike racing." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2011. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/2824/.
Full textAbstract:
Ultraendurance mountain bike racing is a relatively new sport and has received scant research attention. The practical difficulty of field-testing during competition has played a role in this dearth of knowledge. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the physiology and bioenergetics of cross-country marathon (XCM) and 24 hour team relay (24XCT) mountain bike racing. Study One analysed the physiological characteristics of XCM competitors and compared them to data from studies in the literature for Olympic-distance cross-country (XCO) mountain bike competitors. The XCM participants had lower mean peak aerobic capacity (58.4 ± 6.3 mL•kg-1•min-1), greater body mass (72.8 ± 6.7 kg) and estimated percentage body fat (10.4 ± 2.4%) compared to values reported for XCO competitors in the literature. Stature (1.77 ± 6.0 m) and normalised peak power output (5.5 ± 0.7 W•kg-1) were comparable. These data suggest that specific physiological characteristics of XCM competitors differ from those of XCO competitors. Study Two quantified and described the exercise intensity during a XCM race by monitoring heart rate responses. The mean heart rate (150 ± 10 beats•min-1) for the duration of the race equated to 82 percent of maximum heart rate and did not differ significantly throughout the race (p = 0.33). The data indicated that the XCM race was of a high aerobic intensity. Prior to the competition the relationship between heart rate and O2peak for each participant was established during an incremental laboratory test. Energy expenditure was estimated by assigning 20.2 kJ to each litre of oxygen consumed. The mean rate of energy expenditure during the race was estimated to be 59.9 kJ•min-1. Furthermore, no anthropometric or physiological measures were correlated to race speed, indicating that other factors contribute to race performance. The third study was a laboratory-based investigation to determine whether physiological factors relevant to 24XCT racing change with time of day. On separate days participants cycled on an ergometer for 20 min at 82 percent of maximum heart rate at 06:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 00:00 h. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for several physiological responses (heart rate, oxygen uptake, salivary cortisol concentrations and intra-aural temperature) but not for performance variables (power output and self-selected cadence). It was concluded that the laboratory protocol lacked ecological validity and that it was necessary to test within a race using authentic 24XCT competitors. In order to measure in-race performance, Study Four examined the agreement between a bottom-bracket ambulatory ergometer (Ergomo®Pro) and the criterion SRM power meter in a field-based setting. Analysis of absolute limits of agreement found that the Ergomo®Pro had a systematic bias (± random error) of 4.9 W (± 6.12). Based on tolerances recommended in the literature the unit was considered fit for purpose for measuring power output during 24XCT racing. Study Five was a multiple case-study design that examined the physiological and performance parameters of a team during a 24XCT race. It was reported that mean work-shift speed (18.3 ± 2.6 km•h-1), power output (219 ± 50.9 W) and cadence (64.1 ± 9.3 rpm) were variable between participants and between work-shifts. A commonality amongst the participants was an increase in speed during the final work-shift compared to the penultimate one. A decline in work-shift heart rate was observed throughout the race. For the majority of participants an increase in gross efficiency (1.7 ± 1.4 %) was reported from the penultimate to the final work-shift. It was concluded that pacing strategies were employed and that the improved efficiency was caused, in part, by an increased familiarity with the course during the race. Study Six examined the nutritional practices and energy expenditure of the same team during the same 24XCT race. Energy expenditure during the work-shifts was estimated in accordance with Study Two. Resting energy expenditure during the recovery periods was estimated using the Harris and Benedict formula (1919). Food and fluid consumption were determined via food diaries and hydration status was assessed by measuring the refractive index of urine. Energy consumption (17.3 ± 2.2 MJ) was considerably less than energy expenditure (30.4 ± 6.1 MJ) with the former accounting for only 57 percent of the latter. The energy cost during the work-shifts was estimated to be 74.5 kJ•min-1. Mean fluid intake (6.3 ± 0.9 L) for the 24 h was sufficient to maintain hydration status. Based on these studies an integrated model of the factors that influence ultraendurance mountain bike performance was developed. The domains that influence race speed are physiological factors, technical and tactical factors, and nutritional strategies. The sub domain that influences these is environmental factors. Collectively this information is of practical importance to sport scientists, coaches and athletes involved with designing nutritional and tactical preparation strategies and training programmes for this sport.
3
Waal, Steven Robert. "A Quantitative Approach for Tuning a Mountain Bike Suspension." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2271.
Full textAbstract:
A method for tuning the spring rate and damping rate of a mountain bike suspension based on a data-driven procedure is presented. The design and development of a custom data acquisition system, known as the "MTB DAQ," capable of measuring acceleration data at the front and rear axles of a bike are discussed. These data are input into a model that is used to calculate the vertical acceleration and pitching angular acceleration response of the bike and rider. All geometric and dynamic properties of the bike and rider system are measured and built into the model. The model is tested and validated using image processing techniques. A genetic algorithm is implemented with the model and used to calculate the best spring rate and damping rate of the mountain bike suspension such that the vertical and pitching accelerations of the bike and rider are minimized for a given trail. Testing is done on a variety of different courses and the performance of the bike when tuned to the results of the genetic algorithm is discussed. While more fine tuning of the model is possible, the results show that the genetic algorithm and model accurately predict the best suspension settings for each course necessary to minimize the vertical and pitching accelerations of the bike and rider.
4
Waal, Steven. "A Quantitative Approach for Tuning a Mountain Bike Suspension." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2246.
Full textAbstract:
A method for tuning the spring rate and damping rate of a mountain bike suspension based on a data-driven procedure is presented. The design and development of a custom data acquisition system, known as the MTB~DAQ, capable of measuring acceleration data at the front and rear axles of a bike are discussed. These data are input into a model that is used to calculate the vertical acceleration and pitching angular acceleration response of the bike and rider. All geometric and dynamic properties of the bike and rider system are measured and built into the model. The model is tested and validated using image processing techniques. A genetic algorithm is implemented with the model and used to calculate the best spring rate and damping rate of the mountain bike suspension such that the vertical and pitching accelerations of the bike and rider are minimized for a given trail. Testing is done on a variety of different courses and the performance of the bike when tuned to the results of the genetic algorithm is discussed. While more fine tuning of the model is possible, the results show that the genetic algorithm and model accurately predict the best suspension settings for each course necessary to minimize the vertical and pitching accelerations of the bike and rider.
5
Guzenko, A. I. "History of mountain biking." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45489.
Full textAbstract:
The history of Mountain Biking begins in the mid 1970's when the sport of bicycling was rapidly developing. A few biking 'freaks' in the state of California did nоt just turn a hobby and a number of innovative improvements into a profession with their new 'fat tire' bike. Instead they set in motion a worldwide boom.
6
Schiøtz, Olsen Sigrid. "Bike to Ski : Merging ski touring- and mountain bike wear in an attempt to optimise multifunctional outdoor wear for women." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23897.
Full textAbstract:
This project investigates the merging of performance apparel from mountain biking and ski touring, based on the emerging trend in combining mountain biking and ski touring as sports. Designing apparel for a combination of sports could contribute to a sustainable change in the outdoor industry by affecting the design thinking, demand and consumerism. All the garments are developed based on the female body and needs. This is shown through both commercial pieces and experimental pieces, with garment shapes that are both similar and not so similar to existing garments. Material placement is based on movement and thermoregulatory responses of the female athlete and plays an important part to achieve both expression and function in the garments. The methodology is explained through five parts; field testing, sketching, prototyping, experimenting and evaluation, which are used both numerical and independently of each other. This resulted in a collection of seven outfits where three of these are produced and the remaining four are illustrated through development, sketches and technical descriptions. Results show suggestions of how a combination between sports could be developed and used. It also shows potential to be developed even further into other various directions.
7
Soliani, Francesco. "Effetto delle vibrazioni nella mountain bike e nello sci alpino tramite sensori inerziali." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21363/.
Full textAbstract:
Lo studio svolto in questo elaborato consiste in un’analisi biomeccanica delle vibrazioni che subisce il corpo umano durante due attività sportive: la mountain bike e lo sci alpino.
Il seguente lavoro si occuperà di definire, tramite la ricerca di articoli scientifici, il ruolo che possono avere le vibrazioni in queste due discipline. Questa ricerca nasce da una forte passione per entrambe le discipline e dalla curiosità di approfondire aspetti legati alla biomeccanica in particolare al ruolo di questa disciplina nell’analisi del rischio di infortunio. Lo scopo è quindi quello di quantificare gli effetti delle vibrazioni e valutare l’influenza di fattori quali per esempio la dimensione o la pressione dei pneumatici al fine di limitare il rischio di infortunio per gli atleti che praticano la disciplina.
8
Lee, Hamilton, and n/a. "Competitive mountain bike and road cycling: physiological characteristics of athletes and demands of competition." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.110406.
Full textAbstract:
Despite many studies describing the physiological characteristics of professional road
cyclists and recent work describing the demands of competition, there is a paucity of
similar information regarding elite mountain bike (MTB) cyclists. The aim of the
present work was to describe the physiological characteristics and the demands of
competition for successful MTB cyclists relative to successful road cyclists.
Internationally competitive cyclists from both disciplines (seven MTB and seven road)
completed the following laboratory tests: anthropometric measurements, an incremental
cycle ergometer test and a 30 minute laboratory time trial. In addition, the power output
profile obtained in the field from a world-class MTB cyclist riding a simulated race
were compared to successful road cycling performances (placing top 3) in flat (FLAT),
semi-mountainous (SEMO), high-mountainous (HIMO), individual time trial (ITT) and
criterium (CRIT) road races.
Due to conversion problems, 6 sentences have been omitted. For full abstract, see 01front.pdf.
These results indicate that success in international MTB racing
requires high power-to-weight characteristics complemented by a light and lean
physique. MTB racing is associated with greater torque at the pedal crank, a more
constant effort with less time at lower power outputs and a higher frequency of highintensity
surges than road racing. Therefore coaches should take into account these
unique MTB racing characteristics when devising training programs for elite athletes.
9
Greeff, Marli. "Physiological demands of the Absa Cape Epic mountain bike race and predictors of performance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95970.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScSportSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this qualitative-quantitative study was to describe the exercise intensity and predictors of performance of a multi-stage mountain bike (MTB) race (2014 Absa Cape Epic) lasting 8 days. Twenty-three amateur mountain bikers (age 39 ± 9 years, height 178.8 ± 8.2 cm, body mass 74.7 ± 9.1 kg, VO2max 54 ± 7 ml.kg-1.min-1) who completed the 2014 Absa Cape Epic were involved in the study. The participants were divided into two groups according to their MTB experience. The experienced group included participants who previously completed more than three 3-day multi-stage MTB events and the novices group included those who has completed less than 3-day multi-stage MTB events. Prior to the event the participants completed a maximal aerobic cycling test and a simulated 40 km time trial (TT). The maximal aerobic test was used to determine 3 work intensity zones based on heart rate (HR) corresponding to blood lactate thresholds (LT: increase in blood lactate concentration of 1 mmol.l-1 above baseline values and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), a fixed blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol.l-1). There were no statistically significant differences in the physical, physiological and performance variables measured in the laboratory between the two groups. The exercise intensity during the Cape Epic was measured using telemetric HR monitoring sets. RPE values were noted after each stage of the race. The mean HR was 88.1 ± 5.3% (experienced) and 84.2 ± 11.0% (novices) of maximal HR during the race or 88.9 ± 3.5% (experienced) and 85.9 ± 10.6 (novices) of laboratory determined maximum HR. More time was spent in the “low” HR zone (43.1 % vs 58.5 %, respectively), while only a small amount of time was spent in the “hard” HR zone (7.4% and 6.1%, respectively). The experienced group spent statistically significantly more time in the “moderate” HR zone compared to the novices group (49.5 % vs. 35.4 %). The experienced group performed significantly better during the event compared to the novices group in both the total event time (P = 0.004) and the general classification (P = 0.01). Relative and absolute power output (PO) at OBLA (P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) were statistically significant predictors of total event time, while relative peak power output was a significant predictor of general classification for the event (P = 0.02) . The total TT time was a significant predictor of average event HR (P = 0.03). This study showed that this MTB stage race is physiologically very demanding and requires cyclists to have excellent endurance capacity, as well as strength and power. The parameters from the maximal aerobic capacity test correlated better with outdoor performance than parameters from the simulated 40 km TT. Therefore the standard maximal aerobic capacity test are sufficient for testing mountain bikers and sport scientists can continue using this test to prescribe exercise intensity zones for training and events.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie kwalitatiewe-kwantitatiewe studie was om die oefeningsintensiteit en voorspellers van prestasie tydens ‘n multi-dag bergfiets kompetisie (Absa Cape Epic) van 8 dae lank te bepaal. Drie-en-twintig bergfietsryers (ouderdom 39 ± 9 jaar, lengte 178.8 ± 8.2 cm, liggaamsmassa 74.7 ± 9.1 kg, VO2maks 54 ± 7 ml.kg-1.min-1) wat die 2014 Absa Cape Epic voltooi het, het aan die studie deelgeneem. Die deelnemers is in twee groepe verdeel volgens hulle ervaring in multi-dag bergfiets kompetisies. Die ervare groep was al die deelnemers wat meer as drie 3-dae multi-dag bergfiets kompetisies voltooi het. Die onervare groep was al die deelnemers wat minder as drie 3-dag multi-dag bergfiets kompetisies voltooi het. Voor die kompetisie het al die deelnemers ‘n maksimale aërobiese toets en ‘n gesimuleerde 40 km tydtoets in die laboratorium voltooi. Die maksimale aërobiese toets is gebruik om drie werk intensiteit sones volgens die hartspoed te bepaal, naamlik die hartspoed by die laktaatdraaipunt(‘n toename in bloed [laktaat] van 1 mmol.l-1 bo die basislynwaardes) en die hartspoed by die aanvang van bloedlaktaat akkummulasie (‘n vaste bloed [laktaat] waarde van 4 mmol.l-1). Daar was geen statisties betekenisvolle verskille in die fisiese, fisiologiese en prestasie veranderlikes tussen die twee groepe nie. Die oefeningsintensiteit tydens die Cape Epic was gemeet deur gebruik te maak van hartspoedmonitors. Die RPE waardes was aan die einde van elke skof genoteer. Die gemiddelde hartspoed was 88.1 ± 5.3 % (ervare) en 84.2 ± 11.0 % (onervare) van maksimale kompetisie hartspoed, of 88.9 ± 3.5 % (ervare) en 85.9 ± 10.6 % (onervare) van die maksimale hartspoed soos in die laboratorium gemeet. Die fietsryers het meer tyd spandeer in die “lae” hartspoed sone (43.1 % vs 58.5 %, onderskeidelik), in vergelyking met die “moeilike” hartspoed sone (7.4 % vs 6.1 %, onderskeidelik). Die ervare groep het statisties betekenisvol meer tyd in die “matige” hartspoed sone spandeer (49.5 % vs. 35.4 %) in vergelyking met die onervere groep. Die ervare groep het beter presteer tydens die kompetisie vir beide totale kompetisie tyd (P = 0.004) en algehele klassifikasie (P = 0.01). Relatiewe en absolute krag by aanvang van bloed laktaat akkumulasie was statisties betekenisvolle voorspellers van totale kompetisie tyd (P = 0.01 en 0.02, onderskeidelik), terwyl maksimale krag ‘n statisties betekenisvolle voorspeller was van algehele klassifikasie in die kompetisie (P = 0.02). Die totale tydtoets tyd was ‘n statisties betekenisvolle voorspeller van gemiddelde hartspoed tydens die kompetisie. Die studie het gewys dat hierdie multi-dag bergfiets kompetisie fisiologies baie uitdagend is en dat fietsryers uistekende uithouvermoë kapasiteit, sowel as krag en plofkrag moet besit. Die veranderlikes van die maksimale aërobiese toets het beter met prestasie in die veld gekorreleer as die veranderlikes van die gesimuleerde 40 km tydtoets. Daar word dus afgelei dat die standaard maksimale aërobiese toets voldoende is vir die toetsing van bergfietsryers en sportwetenskaplikes kan aanhou om hierdie toets te gebruik om oefeningsintensiteit sones voor te skryf vir oefensessies en kompetisies.
10
Haman, Martin. "Design rámu horského kola." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229015.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of master thesis is the design of full suspension mountain bike frame for racing and competition use. The base of the design solution is selection optimal conception of suspension which influence external design of the frame. General benefit of this concept is utilizing specific properties of carbon composite for design of funkcional frame parts and their technical and visual integration. Important part of this work is design of frame details: rear ends, rear shox's link and duct of the bowdens, wires and brake hydraulic housing.
11
Michelini, Luca. "Valutazione FEM di test di certificazione su un telaio per mountain bike in materiale composito." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
L'elaborato si presenta come un percorso di progettazione con i materiali compositi, il cui scopo è ricercare una correlazione il più vicina possibile tra un modello FEM di un telaio per mountain bike (MTB) e la realtà, ovvero le prove al banco sul telaio stesso. Per creare una correlazione, sono stati simulati e realizzati a banco test statici (torsione della scatola sterzo e Rinard) e un test dinamico (test di impatto con massa cadente).
Ciò ha richiesto la progettazione di un banco per test dinamici da impatto con massa cadente e telaio cadente, come richiesto da normativa ISO 4210.
12
Bagalini, Emanuele. "Blueadvice, dispositivo per mountain bike di segnalazione preventiva per la trail courtesy in ambienti naturali." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22739/.
Full textAbstract:
Il progetto BlueAdvice nasce da una passione personale che è quella della mountain bike. Quando si svolge tale attività, ci si trova spesso a velocità sostenuta a condividere stretti percorsi e sentieri con altri utenti, generalmente escursionisti o ciclisti, che possono provenire da entrambi i sensi di marcia. Da qui la necessità di un dispositivo, capace nei limiti delle tecnologie attuali, di rilevare la presenza degli altri utenti attraverso segnale Bluetooth ed avvertire con anticipo sufficiente il rider, che quindi ha modo di prendere le adeguate precauzioni, riducendo le situazioni di pericolo.
Nell’elaborato viene analizzato lo stato attuale del problema, il mercato dei devices elettronici sportivi, i player del settore, le tecnologie utilizzabili per il progetto ed i motivi per i quali il Bluetooth è risultato la scelta finale, anche in relazione all’utilizzo che se ne è fatto per il tracciamento dei contagi da COVID-19. Sono presentati i risultati di un sondaggio relativo all’utilizzo del Bluetooth in ambito sportivo, i quali hanno permesso di stimare l’affidabilità che BlueAdvice può avere sul campo. Infine la parte di progetto affronta tutti gli aspetti tecnici, progettuali e di user experience necessari al funzionamento, alla produzione e all’uso di questo dispositivo elettronico. Il risultato finale, è un compatto device da posizionare sul manubrio che rappresenta la prima risposta di prodotto industriale mirato al miglioramento della convivenza e della sicurezza tra tutti gli appassionati della montagna.
13
Peterson, Dirk N. "Using large scale aerial images for 3D visualizations of Marion Sampson Park mountain bike trails." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2008. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/PetersonDirk/index.htm.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2008.The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on December 17, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
14
Nord, Rasmus. "Modelling of a motorcycle/mountain bike suspension and digitization of a cam drum motor control." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-265630.
Full textAbstract:
This Master’s thesis was done in collaboration with Öhlins Racing AB, a Swedish suspension system-manufacturer. For Öhlins, the quality of their products is highly important and they are therefore devoting many resources for the development and testing of their products. Because testing is such a big part of what Öhlins as a company is doing, it is important to continuously strive to improve the testing methods used within the company. Two popular methods for improving testing methods are through automation of the machine control and by simulating the test with mathematical models. Both methods have the potential to reduce the time consumed during testing. This project focuses on these two methods and is therefore split in two parts. The first part focuses on digitizing the motor control of a rolling road test bench called the Cam Drum, which is used to do life cycle tests of suspension assemblies, to allow for automated control. In the second part the rolling road test bench has been modelled as a suspension system to simulate tests prior to production. The goal of the digitization is to enable more advanced tests while simplifying usage of the Cam Drum, thereby reducing the time necessary to operate the machine. The goal of the suspension model is to get validation results that point towards the model being good enough to use as a tool when developing new products. A programmable logic controller was connected to the existing frequency drive that controls motor rotational speed and an HMI screen was used to control the controller. Communication between the controller and frequency drive used the serial protocol Modbus RTU. The hardware with which the new motor control system was built was primarily supplied by Siemens. Controller and HMI programming was carried out in Siemens’ software SIMATIC Step 7 using programming languages LAD and FBD. The digital motor control system was live tested with great results and good feedback from the technicians. The only functionality missing is being able to send webserver data over the buildings industrial network due to IT related security reasons. Future work should focus on solving this problem. A front fork suspension model and a rear swingarm suspension model have been modelled in Matlab Simulink. Both models are designed to simulate motorcycle or mountain bike suspension however the front suspension model has only been validated against mountain bike data and the rear suspension model against motorcycle data. An alternative tire model was developed to handle problems linked to conventional 1-dimensional tire models. The new model estimates the area of compressed air in the side view plane and scales the force output accordingly. New values for tire spring stiffness and damping coefficient for this system was freely estimated during validation. Validation was done using camera recorded position signals and position signals recorded with a position sensor. The front suspension model was tested against two different front fork models, but validation finally focused on several test runs done with one of the forks due to insufficient recorded data with the other fork. The result was a correlation between the behaviour of the real and modelled suspension however further tweaking of the tire parameters should give better results. The result should however be sufficient for making estimations. Validation of the rear suspension was done against a camera recorded position signal but as evidence from the front suspension validation shows this is insufficient. The rear suspension validation still requires more work before being utilized as a development tool.Detta examensarbete är utfört i samarbete med Öhlins Racing AB, som är ett svenskt hjullupphängningsföretag. Kvalité är mycket viktigt för Öhlins, därför lägger de mycket resurser på utveckling och provning av deras produkter. I och med att provning är en så stor del av vad Öhlins som företag gör så är det viktigt att kontinuerligt sträva efter att förbättra de provmetoder som används inom företaget. Två populära metoder för att förbättra provningsmetoder är att automatisera styrningen av maskiner och att simulera med matematiska modeller. Båda metoder har potential att reducera tiden som förbrukas under tester. Det här projektet fokuserar på de här två metoderna och är därför uppdelat i två delar. Den första delen fokuserar på digitalisering av motorregleringen av en rullande landsväg kallad Cam Drum, ämnad för livstidstester på hjulupphängningar, för att möjliggöra automatiserad reglering och i den andra delen så modelleras testbänken som ett hjulupphängningssystem för att simulera tester innan produktion. Målet med digitaliseringen är att förenkla användandet av Cam Drum och därmed reducera tiden det tar att använda maskinen samt att möjliggöra mer avancerade tester och målet med modelleringen är att mha valideringen visa att modellen går att använda vid utvecklingen av nya produkter. En programmerbar reglerenhet har kopplats till den befintliga frekvensomvandlaren som används för att reglera motorns rotationshastighet och en HMI-skärm används för att styra reglerenheten. Kommunikation mellan regulatorer och frekvensomvandlare sker via serieprotokollet Modbus RTU. Hårdvaran som har används för att skapa installationen har primärt inhandlats från Siemens. Regulator- och HMI-programmering har utförts i Siemens programvara SIMATIC Step 7 med programspråken LAD och FBD. Den digitala motorregleringen har testats med goda resultat och positiv feedback från tekniker. Den enda funktionaliteten som saknas är att kunna sända webserverdata över företagets industriella nätverk, vilket idag inte är möjligt på grund av IT-relaterade säkerhetsfrågor. Framtida arbete bör därför fokusera på att lösa detta problem. En framgaffel och en bakhjulsupphängning har modellerats i Matlab Simulink. Båda modellerna är designade för att simulera en motorcykel eller mountain bike-upphängning men framgaffelmodellen har endast validerats mot data från mountain bikes och baksvingsmodellen har endast validerats mot motorcykeldata. En alternativ däckmodell har tagits fram för att åtgärda problem kopplade till konventionella endimensionella däckmodeller. Den nya modellen estimerar arean av den komprimerade luften sett från sidan och skalar kraften den producerar enligt arean. Nya värden för däckets fjäderstyvhet och dämparkoefficient för det här systemet har tagits fram fritt under valideringen. Valideringen gjordes med positionssignaler hämtade med positionsgivare och positionssignaler hämtade från videor. Framgaffelmodellen testades mot två olika framgafflar men valideringen fokuserar på tester gjorda med en av gafflarna då tillräckliga data med den andra gaffeln saknades. Efter validering visade modellen beteenden som liknade de insamlade signalernas. Däckparametrarna kan valideras vidare men modellen bör räcka för att göra estimeringar.
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Laser, Marnie. "The effects of selected mountain bike front suspension forks on handlebar vibration and ground reaction forces." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33405.pdf.
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Davie, Mark C. "Mountain bike suspension systems and their effect on rider performance quantified through mechanical, psychological and physiological responses." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2432/.
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Mountain bike suspension systems have been designed to improve riding performance and comfort for the cyclist. Additionally, a suspension system may reduce fatigue, energy expenditure, and enhance time trial performance. It has also been proposed, however, that using a rear suspension system on a mountain bike may be detrimental to the cyclist, causing the cyclist’s energy to be dissipated via the rear suspension system. Prior to undertaking the current research, a survey into mountain bike suspension systems was conducted to establish rider preferences, as well as their perceptions of suspension systems and riding styles. The resulting responses - that the majority of cross-country cyclists chose to ride a bike with front suspension only (a hardtail bike), despite the significant advantages that a fully suspended system has to offer – aided in the decision to address the unanswered questions that remain in this area of research. This thesis presents an investigation into mountain bike suspension systems and their effect on rider performance, quantifying the dynamic loads exerted on the bike frame and rider. Both the psychological and physiological effects of using a rear suspension system on cross-country cycling are additional considerations of this study. An initial laboratory experiment was completed to investigate the effects of rear wheel dynamics on a rough track with a high impact frequency and the consequent impact this terrain has on rider performance, comparing a full suspension and hardtail bike. Further testing was conducted on a rolling road rig, specifically designed for the purpose of the current research, which more closely represented the conditions encountered by a cyclist on a cross-country track. Testing was conducted on the rolling road rig on both a flat road and rough track, examining the interaction forces between the bike and rider. Greater resistance was experienced by cyclists when cycling on the rolling road rig compared to the roller rig which equated to the resistance encountered when cycling uphill or into a headwind. The mechanical results from both rigs were compared to dynamic simulations as a means of validating and comparing the mechanical results. An additional series of tests was carried out on an indoor track which had a similar terrain to that of the rolling road rig. This set of tests placed fewer restrictions on the cyclist as only physiological data was collected using unobtrusive portable measurement devices, and provided further results to illuminate correlations or discrepancies between the roller rig and rolling road rig experiments. The experimental rolling road rig results indicated that, when cycling on a smooth surface, the hardtail bike offered no significant physiological advantage to the cyclist; however, more power was required by the rider to pedal the fully suspended bike. This was also advocated by the simulation results. Conversely, it was highlighted that the fully suspended bike provided a significant advantage to the rider compared to the hardtail bike when cycling on extremely rough terrain on the roller rig. This was the case across the simulation results, mechanical measurements, physiological measurements and psychological measurements. Similarly, the indoor track tests indicated that cycling on a fully suspended bike provided significant advantages to a cyclist in terms of rider performance. On the contrary, the experimental rolling road rig results on a rough surface demonstrated that no significant difference was apparent between cycling on either the hardtail or fully suspended bike. This result suggests that, when a rider encounters added resistance to cycling, as is the case when cycling uphill, there is less of an advantage for a fully suspended bike even on rough terrain.
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Molina, Guilherme Eckhardt. "Desempenho da potência anaerobica em atletas de elite do mountain bike submetidos à suplementação aguda com creatina." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2006. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/6749.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brasilia, 2006.Submitted by Mariana Fonseca Xavier Nunes (nanarteira@hotmail.com) on 2010-09-25T23:26:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Guilherme Eckhardt Molina.pdf: 1102579 bytes, checksum: 6c8194097d36bcd44b28817e4fedbf59 (MD5)
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Com objetivo de investigar o desempenho da potência anaeróbia durante a fase básica em atletas de elite do mountain bike submetidos à suplementação aguda com creatina e levantar as características morfofuncionais deste grupo foram analisados 20 indivíduos (n=20) divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos placebo (PLA, n=10) e creatina (CRE, n=10). Foi utilizado delineamento duplo-cego, sendo que no primeiro dia de coleta os voluntários foram submetidos aos testes de variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca e ergoespirométria. No segundo dia foram realizados os testes (PRÉ) de pesagem hidrostática e de potência anaeróbia (Wingate). Os suplementos (creatina e maltodextrina) foram tomados diluídos em meio líquido em doses iguais (0,3 g/kg de massa corporal, dividida em três doses diárias) por sete dias. Após os sete dias com ou sem suplementação com creatina os atletas retornaram para realizar os testes (PÓS). Foram observadas diferenças significantes do PRÉ para o PÓS-testes no somatório de dobras ao nível de P<0,05 para ambos os grupos. A massa corporal total (MCT) e massa corporal magra (MCM) no grupo CRE aumentaram em 0,5 e 1,1% , enquanto que o PLA variou em - 0,7 e -1,1%, respectivamente. O percentual de gordura (GORD%) e a massa gorda (GORD) para ambos os grupos apresentaram redução (CRE, 9,2% e 15,4%) e (PLA, 4,0% e 10,1%). O grupo CRE apresentou aumento na potência pico (P<0,01), redução do índice de fadiga (P<0,05) e instante da potência pico (IPP) (P<0,05) do PRÉ para o PÓS-testes, entretanto, somente o IPP apresentou diferença entre grupos (P<0,01). Existem evidências de que a suplementação com creatina a curto prazo pode aumentar a potência pico (CRE,11,26 0,46 / 11,69 0,51 a%=3,81), (PLA,11,28 0,74 /11,27 0,51 a%= -1,24%) IPP (CRE 3,0 0,47/3,6 0,84 a%= 20%),(PLA 3,1 0,31/2,9 0,23 a%= -2,45) e reduzir a fadiga (CRE,36,06 6,53/ 33,33 7,52 a% = -7,57%), (PLA,36,71 5,41/ 36,61 6,06 a%= -0,27) em atletas do mountain bike.Destacam-se ainda os altos valores de potência (aeróbia e anaeróbia) bem como do limiar anaeróbio obtido nesses atletas. ____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a high dose, short-duration oral creatine supplementation on anaerobic power and morfofunctional profile of 20 (n=20) male off-road cyclists. A double-blind design was used and the athletes were randomly assigned into 2 groups: placebo (PLA = 10) and creatine (CRE = 10). The tests were split in two days. On the first day, subjects performed two tests, heart rate variability and aerobic power output. On the second day they were submitted to anthropometric evaluation, underwater weighing and Wingate Anaerobic Test. The oral supplements (creatine and malthodextrine) were taken in sweetened vehicle, during 7 days, in three equal doses per day (0, 1 g/kg body mass/dose). After seven-day period, the athletes returned to the laboratory to post-treatment tests (PÓS). Student t-test showed significant differences on skinfold sum between PRÉ and PÓS tests (P<0,05), without differences between groups. Total body mass (MCT) and lean tissue mass (MCM) increased in CRE group (0,5% and 1,1%), while the PLA group showed decreases (-0,7% and -1,1%). The percentual of fat (GORD%) and fat mass (GORD) decreased for both groups (CRE, 9,2% and 15,4%) and (PLA, 4,0% and 10,1%). The CRE group showed increases for power output (P<0,01) and decreases for fatigue index (P<0,05) between PRÉ and PÓS tests, however, no significant differences were observed between groups for power output, mean power and fatigue index. The only variable that differs between groups was the peak power moment (P<0, 01). The results of the present study indicates that the short-term creatine supplementation leads to significant improvements on power output (CRE, PRÉ 11,26 0,46 / PÓS 11,69 0,51 a% =3,81) and (PLA, PRÉ 11,28 0,74 /11,27 0,51 a% =-1,24%), fatigue index (CRE, PRÉ 36,06 6,53/ PÓS 33,33 7,52 a% = -7,57%) and (PLA, PRÉ 36,71 5,41/ 36,61 6,06 a% = -0,27) and peak power moment in off-road cyclists. Attention must be paid to the high values for both aerobic and anaerobic power as well as for anaerobic threshold obtained by these athletes.
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Jelínek, Martin. "Návrh rámu horského kola a jeho deformačně napěťová analýza pomocí MKP." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228304.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is the part of evolution of the new bicycle frame for mountain biking, category enduro. The first part of this thesis is focused on creating dimensional modified model of the bike frame in CAD system SolidWorks. Subsequently this frame will be detailed by FEM analysis in software ANSYS Workbench and determine boundary conditions for this analysis. The final part is about visualization of the new bike frame.
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Guðjónsdóttir, Auður, and Benedikt Árni Harðarson. "Investigation of leakage contribution from different air seal components." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Avd.), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259670.
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Mountain biking is a sport where riders bike on trails, varying in slope and difficulty. Mountain bikes are generally equipped with suspension on the front wheel and often also on the rear. Some types of rear shocks use pressurized air for a spring action instead of the traditional metal coil. Air is sealed inside the shock’s air can by means of X-ring seals, providing a spring force on the wheel. It is of great importance that the sealing system performs as intended so the air spring does not quickly lose pressure during use. An experimental plan is conducted in an attempt to estimate the effects of seal dimension, lubrication and surface roughness on air leakage for more robust shocks. Accelerated tests were performed in a dynamometer, believed to repeatedly cause significant wear on the shock’s air seal within 24 hours. Nineteen tests were carried out, for a duration up to 72 hours, with variations to test parameters such as stroke length and frequency. The expected failure modes did not occur in any of them. Eleven tests showed no signs of failure while the other eight failed due to unexpected components breaking or wearing out. The shock’s main seal was found to wear out faster than the air seal, causing leakage within the air spring, between its positive and negative air chambers. This unforeseen failure needs further examination with tests conducted on more shock types.Mountainbike är en sport där utövare åker på stigar med varierande lutning och svårighet. Terrängcyklar är generellt utrustade med stötdämpare eller fjädrar på framhjulet och ofta också på bakhjulet. Vissa terrängcyklar har stötdämpare bak som använder trycksatt luft för att dämpa istället för att använda traditionella stålfjädrar. Luften är sluten inuti stötdämparen med hjälp av X-rings tätningar, vilket ger en fjäderkraft på hjulet. Det är viktigt att tätningen fungerar så att luftfjädern inte snabbt tappar trycket när den används. En experimentplan skapades i ett försök att uppskatta effekten av tätningsdimension, smörjning och ytjämnhet på luftläckage för mer robusta stötdämpare. Accelererade tester gjordes i en dynamometer, som troddes kunna skapa signifikant slitage på en stötdämpares tätning inom 24 timmar upprepade gånger. 19 test gjordes med en körtid på upp till 72 timmar med variation av testparametrar som slaglängd och frekvens. De förväntade felkällorna uppstod inte i något av testerna. 11 tester visade inga tecken på fel medan 8 tester misslyckades på grund av att oväntade komponenter slets ut eller gick sönder. Stötdämparens huvudtätning visade sig slitas fortare än lufttätningen, vilket resulterade i läckage inuti luftfjädern mellan dess positiva och negativa kammare. Detta oförutsedda fel behöver vidare undersökning med tester på fler olika typer av stötdämpare.
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Marešová, Petra. "Rekreační cyklistika a její rozvoj pro posílení cestovního ruchu v regionu severovýchodní Čechy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199027.
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The diploma thesis focuses on recreational cycling because it is regarded as one of possibilities how to strengthen tourism in the region of North-East Bohemia. In the theoretical part there are presented basic terms and definitions connected with the recreational cycling, also there are mentioned legislative foundations. Then, the diploma thesis presents selected institutional documents, which prove the importance of the recreational cycling. Also there are included basic facts about important organizations concerning recreational cycling and about the region of North-East Bohemia itself. The practical part focuses on existing cycling and complementary infrastructure of the region. The last chapter analyses the infrastructure and especially it provides suggestions and possible projects that would support further development of recreational cycling in the region of North-East Bohemia.
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Wu, Chia-Chin. "Static and dynamic analyses of mountain bikes and their riders." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4159/.
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Mountain biking is a globally popular sport, in which the rider uses a mountain bike to ride on off-road terrain. A mountain bike has either a front suspension system only or a full-suspension system to decrease the external vibration resulting from the terrain irregularities and to increase riding comfort. Despite the added comfort of full-suspension of mountain bikes, there are some disadvantages because the chain-suspension interaction and bobbing effect absorb some of the rider's pedalling power and lead to the reduction of pedalling efficiency. In this study, a technique for evaluating the pedalling efficiency of a bike rider in seated cycling by using engineering mechanics is developed. This method is also found to be useful for determining the correct crank angle for the beginning of the downstroke and that of the upstroke during each pedalling cycle. Next, five mathematical models of rider-bike systems are developed in Simulink and SimMechanics, including one hard-tail (HT) bike, and four full-suspension (FS) bikes [single pivot, four-bar-linkage horst link, four-bar-linkage faux bar, and virtual pivot point (VPP)]. In each of the five rider-bike systems, a PID controller is applied on the rider's elbow to prevent his upper body from falling down due to gravity. A pedalling controller is also developed in Simulink, which is based on the previous theory for evaluating the rider's pedalling efficiency written in Matlab. Another PID controller is used for the pedalling control by sensing the real-time moving speed and applying a suitable pedalling force to achieve a desired speed. The dynamic responses for each of the five rider-bike systems moving on a flat road surface (without bumps) and rough terrain (with bumps) are investigated. The values determined include the pedalling force, pedalling torque and power, forward velocity, contact forces of front and rear wheels, compressions of front suspension (front fork) and rear suspension (rear shock absorber), sprocket distance, chain tension force, and vertical accelerations of handlebar and seats. The numerical results reveal that, while moving on flat road surface, the pedalling efficiency of hard-tail bike is highest, and the bobbing effect of the VPP bike is most serious. However, while moving on rough terrain, the riding conditions for each of the four full-suspension bikes are more stable than the hard-tail bike.
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Grierson, Greg Michael Jr. "Analysis of Amur honeysuckle Stem Density as a Function of Spatial Clustering, Horizontal Distance from Streams, Trails, and Elevation in Riparian Forests, Greene County, Ohio." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1621942350540022.
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Schua, Karoline, Stefan Wende, Sven Wagner, and Karl-Heinz Feger. "Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties in a Mixed Stand of Spruce and Birch in the Ore Mountains (Germany)—A Case Study." Molecular Diversity Preservation International, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29148.
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A major argument for incorporating deciduous tree species in coniferous forest stands is their role in the amelioration and stabilisation of biogeochemical cycles. Current forest management strategies in central Europe aim to increase the area of mixed stands. In order to formulate statements about the ecological effects of mixtures, studies at the stand level are necessary. In a mixed stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in the Ore Mountains (Saxony, Germany), the effects of these two tree species on chemical and microbial parameters in the topsoil were studied at one site in the form of a case study. Samples were taken from the O layer and A horizon in areas of the stand influenced by either birch, spruce or a mixture of birch and spruce. The microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, pH-value and the C and N contents and stocks were analysed in the horizons Of, Oh and A. Significantly higher contents of microbial N were observed in the Of and Oh horizons in the birch and in the spruce-birch strata than in the stratum containing only spruce. The same was found with respect to pH-values in the Of horizon and basal respiration in the Oh horizon. Compared to the spruce stratum, in the birch and spruce-birch strata, significantly lower values were found for the contents of organic C and total N in the A horizon. The findings of the case study indicated that single birch trees have significant effects on the chemical and microbial topsoil properties in spruce-dominated stands. Therefore, the admixture of birch in spruce stands may distinctly affect nutrient cycling and may also be relevant for soil carbon sequestration. Further studies of these functional aspects are recommended.
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Schua, Karoline, Stefan Wende, Sven Wagner, and Karl-Heinz Feger. "Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties in a Mixed Stand of Spruce and Birch in the Ore Mountains (Germany)—A Case Study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-192202.
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A major argument for incorporating deciduous tree species in coniferous forest stands is their role in the amelioration and stabilisation of biogeochemical cycles. Current forest management strategies in central Europe aim to increase the area of mixed stands. In order to formulate statements about the ecological effects of mixtures, studies at the stand level are necessary. In a mixed stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in the Ore Mountains (Saxony, Germany), the effects of these two tree species on chemical and microbial parameters in the topsoil were studied at one site in the form of a case study. Samples were taken from the O layer and A horizon in areas of the stand influenced by either birch, spruce or a mixture of birch and spruce. The microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, pH-value and the C and N contents and stocks were analysed in the horizons Of, Oh and A. Significantly higher contents of microbial N were observed in the Of and Oh horizons in the birch and in the spruce-birch strata than in the stratum containing only spruce. The same was found with respect to pH-values in the Of horizon and basal respiration in the Oh horizon. Compared to the spruce stratum, in the birch and spruce-birch strata, significantly lower values were found for the contents of organic C and total N in the A horizon. The findings of the case study indicated that single birch trees have significant effects on the chemical and microbial topsoil properties in spruce-dominated stands. Therefore, the admixture of birch in spruce stands may distinctly affect nutrient cycling and may also be relevant for soil carbon sequestration. Further studies of these functional aspects are recommended.
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Mühlhans, Petr. "Podnikatelský záměr v oblasti cyklistiky pro všechny." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-127025.
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Picturing an interesting combination of extreme sport and spa services in purpose of supporting travel trade in Czech city of Marianske Lazne. Taking advantage of unique layout of Czech's youngest significant spa town and its easy accessibility of diverse services on a relatively small area. Researching problems of public goods and active participation in developing potencial of local ski resort.
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Schua, Karoline, Stefan Wende, Sven Wagner, and Karl-Heinz Feger. "Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties in a Mixed Stand of Spruce and Birch in the Ore Mountains (Germany) - A Case Study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-173719.
Full textAbstract:
A major argument for incorporating deciduous tree species in coniferous forest stands is their role in the amelioration and stabilisation of biogeochemical cycles. Current forest management strategies in central Europe aim to increase the area of mixed stands. In order to formulate statements about the ecological effects of mixtures, studies at the stand level are necessary. In a mixed stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in the Ore Mountains (Saxony, Germany), the effects of these two tree species on chemical and microbial parameters in the topsoil were studied at one site in the form of a case study. Samples were taken from the O layer and A horizon in areas of the stand influenced by either birch, spruce or a mixture of birch and spruce. The microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, pH-value and the C and N contents and stocks were analysed in the horizons Of, Oh and A. Significantly higher contents of microbial N were observed in the Of and Oh horizons in the birch and in the spruce-birch strata than in the stratum containing only spruce. The same was found with respect to pH-values in the Of horizon and basal respiration in the Oh horizon. Compared to the spruce stratum, in the birch and spruce-birch strata, significantly lower values were found for the contents of organic C and total N in the A horizon. The findings of the case study indicated that single birch trees have significant effects on the chemical and microbial topsoil properties in spruce-dominated stands. Therefore, the admixture of birch in spruce stands may distinctly affect nutrient cycling and may also be relevant for soil carbon sequestration. Further studies of these functional aspects are recommended.
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Hrachovec, Matěj. "Horský hotel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265387.
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The thesis focuses on a project of a mountain hotel. Hotel is located in the area Jeseník, altitude of 550 m. It is detached hotel with a rectangular ground plan with one underground floor and four above ground floors. In the basement is the engine room ventilation, bikes room and in the second part of the underground is wellness center. On the first floor is a restaurant. In the other floors are hotel rooms for 1 to 3 person. On the fourth floor are two apartments. The hotel is based on the monolithic footings.In the basement the vertical supporting are from concrete. Other vertical supporting are built from bricks Porotherm 30, which is insulated and ventilated facade with laggin 150 mm. Supporting horizontal structures are made of monolithic reinforced concrete. The building is covered with a double skin roof structure made of wooden trusses.
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Makrinos, George Adam. "Drawing Music, Playing Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33890.
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Architecture and music share intrinsic meanings generated by a constant stream of metaphors which are forms of poetic transformations.
This thesis sought to challenge the present way an architect-musician makes drawings through the exploration of multimedia possibilities at hand. The drawings are composed using Macromedia Flash MX.
OPEN HOMEPAGE.EXE
To download flash player, click here:
Download flash PlayerMaster of Architecture
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Chang, Jia-ning, and 張家寧. "A Study on Recognition & Preference of Mountain Bike -Sampling from Full Suspension Mountain Bike." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76964398483496801312.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工程技術研究所
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The mountain bike represents the most exciting development in cycling this century, It gives cyclists access to places that were once thought impossible to ride, and makes cycling access -ible to millions who once thought they would never enjoy riding a bike. Now the affluent world''s most popular bicycle, the mountain bike, with fat tyres, low gears, heavy-duty brakes, and beefedup frame, has turned a century of cycling technology on its head and opened a new door for industrial designer. The main structure of this study was the form recognition and preference investigation of full suspense mountain bikes'' frames. the research methods were interviews with bicycle manu -facturer, projection experiment, card sorting, questionnaire investigation, semantic differential method , hierarchical cluster analysis and multi-deimensional scaling( MDS ). The analysis result shows that the design group and the ordin -ary group have the same recognition structure to mountain bikes'' frame design as "tradtional v.s. non- tradtional" and "simplicity v.s. complicity", but the ordinary group is prone to "weight" on the design of front triangle. The main prefer -ence factors for both group are "simplicity" and "lightweight". The ordinary group prefer "tradtional beauty", but designer group prefer " form aesthetics".
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Hsu, Chung-wei, and 許崇維. "Design Optimization of a Mountain Bike Frame." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91881912959681577641.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
機械與自動化工程研究所
100
The mountain bicycle is used as a studied example. The design variables of a bicycle frame are achieved by uniform experimental design. Utilizing the software, ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the safety requirements of bicycle test simulation analysis is presented. Using Kriging interpolation method, mathematic models are built. Besides, through nonlinear programming of MATLAB, it is figured out the best specification of the bicycle frame, which fits on the shock resistance test and the nature frequency of a bicycle frame. For the minimum deformation and mass of bicycle frame, the best design parameters for bicycle frames can be found.
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Lin, Chien-yung, and 林建勇. "A study of mountain bike trails development in Taiwan-- example on Xi-Keng Mountain Trial." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02326509641835358443.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南華大學
建築與景觀學系環境藝術碩士班
96
The purpose of this study is to understand the capabilities of the developing mountain trails for biking activities in Taiwan by using “Wu Lai Xi Keng” Mountain Trail as an example. According to the popularity of having leisure exercise and the attentions on environment issues in Taiwan’s society, biking has become one of the popular outdoor activities in Taiwan. Currently in Taiwan, most of the biking trails are designed for casual biking only but mountain biking. Regarding to previous research, more and more bikers in Taiwan are looking for high-skill trails in the mountain. Beside, the mountain terrain and the nature forest signage in Taiwan are perfect for mountain biking and wide activities. The result of the study suggest that the future development of mountain biking trails should begin with design the fundamental structures and information system. Also, the trails can be divided into four different levels such as entry level, second level, senior level, and prime level, etc. On the other hand, based the undeveloped environment in “Wu Lai Xi Keng”, the result also suggest to build the “Mountain biking Organization” for not only promoting mountain biking activities but also planning and managing all mountain bike trails in Taiwan. The organization can use Wu Lai Xi Keng as a model to create the first mountain bike park in Taiwan for all mountain bikers. Proceed to the next step, The Mountain Bike Park will not only attract the bikers but also drive more tourists to visit and enjoy the local signage in Taiwan.
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Wang, Jyun-Sheng, and 王俊生. "The Relation between Frame Geometry and Stiffness for Mountain Bike." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11278591463872616601.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
機械工程系
102
Bicycles are classified into different kinds by their function, among others are road bicycle, mountain bicycle, cross-country bicycle and many others. However, different kinds of bicycle frames have specific geometric design for different purposes. The research is to discuss the effect of geometric dimension on bike frame stiffness. Firstly, use four different brands of hardtail mountain bike with 26 and 27.5 inch frame geometry, then stimulate how outer force functions on seat tube, bottom bracket and head tube with analysis software. Discuss the distribution of frame deformation and calculate bike frame stiffness to know how it works. Secondly, select a 27.5 inch rim bike frame from one of the four brands and parameterize the dimension of seat tube center to center, seat tube angle and BB drop. This is done by changing dimension of single part to realize the effect of dimension in different part on frame deformation. Lastly, optimize the bike frame geometry. The research is done by a finite element analysis software─ANSYS workbench, to simulate the deformation of forced bike frame. Finite element analysis provide a fast and easy way to obtain the relation between the bike frame geometric design and its deformation. By combining with engineering analysis to analyze the properties of bike frame, a bike prototype can be developed until satisfactory results are acquired. The research provides the benefits of lowered development cost, shortened development time, enhanced quality and performance for a bike frame.
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CHEN, YI-HSIANG, and 陳逸翔. "A Research of the Consumer-Oriented Mountain Bike Recommendation System." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37135024716621611010.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
工業設計系
105
With the acceleration of global warming and the depletion of energy, bicycles have become a good companion for both commute and leisure. Mountain bikes are designed for bumpy tracks and sloping fields and consequently a decent choice for people who want to be close to nature. This research aims to explore the relationship between consumers’ sensual needs and mountain bike design. A searching system is designed based on the results of questionnaires for consumers to search for the mountain bikes that best match their needs. There are four steps in this research. First, after screening out bikes with similar frame, forty bikes are chosen among mainstream brands as samples. Second, questionnaires are designed to find out the best ten adjectives to describe a mountain bike. Then another questionnaire is filled out to explore the connection between the chosen adjectives and the bike samples. A web-based recommendation system is finally programmed based on the results.
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Pan, Jiung-Cheng, and 潘炯丞. "Topology Optimization of the Mountain Bike Frame with Full Suspension." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03324861683466558635.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學系
85
Owing to the increasing demand of shock absorbing function, the traditional bicycle frames are no longer suitable for current bikes, and the design methodology of bicycle frame also needs some revolution. Traditionally, engineers analyze the prejudged structures time and again to modify the previous design. However, the structure optimization provides us more efficient design process and the proper direction to revise the design. As the base of structure optimization, the topology optimization is appropriate for the structure design in the conceptual design phase. This method combining finite element analysis and optimization algorithm analyzes the structure and changes the design variables continuously in the design iterations. The mountain bike(MTB) consists of the front body, the rear body, the fork, and the rear shock absorber. A five degree of freedom model is established to simulate the dynamic characteristic of MTB. This study defines the design domains, loading cases, and boundary conditions for the front frameand the rear frame, respectively, to obtain the static topology optimization model. The shock absorbing effect and the frame stiffness fo the new design ofMTB frame are considered simultaneously. To satisfy the above demands, the study integrates topology optimization and dynamic simulation as a mechanism of dynamic analysis. In the mechanism, the positions of the shock absorber arethe input data, and the accelerations of the frame are the output. Using the accelerations as the object to be minimized, the above mechanism is used to compute the object function value, and the positions of shock absorber is chosen as design variables. The road surface is assumed as a sinuous wave. Thestudy utilizes simulated annealing(SA) method to obtain the solution of above optimization problem, and posts transient responses to compare the optimal design with the initial design.
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Kraft, Gina L. "Mountain bike injuries a ten year retrospective evaluation 1998 to 2007 /." 2009. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Kraft_okstate_0664D_10463.pdf.
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Ribeiro, Tiago Miguel Nunes. "Performance assessment for mountain bike based on WSN and Cloud Technologies." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/13031.
Full textAbstract:
The mountain bike is one of the most used equipment’s in outdoor sports activities. The thesis
describes the design and all development and implementation of Performance Assessment for
Mountain Bike based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Cloud Technologies. The
work presents a distributed sensing system for cycling assessment-providing data for
objective evaluation of the athlete performance during training. Thus a wireless sensor
network attached to the sport equipment provides to the athlete and the coach with
performance values during practice. The sensors placed in biker equipment’s behave as nodes
of a WSN. This is possible with the developing of IoT-based systems in sports, the tracking
and monitoring of athletes in their activities has an important role on his formation as bikers
and helps to increase performance, through the analyze of each session. The implemented
system performs acquisition, processing and transmission, of data using a ZigBee wireless
networks that provide also machine-to-machine communication and data storage in a server
located in the cloud. As in many cycling applications use the phone as a module to get the
values, this work will be a little different making use of phone/tablet to consult information.
The information stored on the cloud server is accessed through a mobile application that
analyses and correlates all metrics calculated using the training data obtained during practice.
Additional information regarding the health status may be also considered. Therefore, the
system permits that athletes perform an unlimited number of trainings that can be accessed at
any time through the mobile application by the bikers and coach. Based on capability of the
system to save a history of the evolution of each athlete during training the system permits to
perform appropriate comparisons between different training sessions and different athlete’s
performances.A bicicleta de montanha é um dos equipamentos para desportos no exterior mais usada. A tese descreve todo o desenho, desenvolvimento e implementação de Performance Assessment for Mountain Bike based on WSN and Cloud Technologies. Este apresenta um sistema de deteção distribuída para o aumento do desempenho, melhorar a metodologia da prática do ciclismo e para formação de atletas. Para tal foi desenvolvida e anexada uma rede de sensores que está embutida no equipamento do ciclista, através desta rede de sensores sem fios são obtidos os valores respetivos à interação do utilizador e a sua bicicleta, sendo estes apresentados ao treinador e ao próprio ciclista. Os sensores colocados comportam-se como nós de uma rede de sensores sem fios. Isso é possível com o desenvolvimento de sistemas baseados na Internet das coisas no desporto, a observação da movimentação e monitoramento de atletas nas suas atividades tem um papel importante na sua formação como ciclistas e ajuda a aumentar o desempenho. O sistema é baseado numa rede ZigBee sem fios, que permite a comunicação máquina-para-máquina e o armazenamento de dados num servidor localizado na nuvem. Toda a informação na nuvem pode ser acedida através de uma aplicação mobile que analisa e correlaciona todos os valores calculados usando os dados recolhidos durante o treino efetuado por cada ciclista. Como em muitas aplicações de ciclismo estas usam o telefone como um módulo para obter os valores, neste trabalho o caso é diferente fazendo o uso do telefone/tablet para apenas consultar as informações. Alguma informação sobre o ciclista é fornecida para poder efetuar alguns cálculos, relativos à saúde do ciclista, neste caso toda a energia gasta na prática de um determinado treino. Toda esta informação pode ser acedida através de uma aplicação Android e por consequência num dispositivo Android. Com a aplicação desenvolvida é possível observar e processar toda a informação recolhida através dos sensores implementados, a observação dos dados recolhidos pode ser efetuada pelo treinador responsável, como pelo próprio atleta. Portanto, o sistema permite a realização de um ilimitado número de sessões de treino, estes podem ser consultados a qualquer momento através da aplicação móvel. Fazendo com que seja possível manter um histórico da evolução de cada atleta, podendo assim observar e comparar cada sessão de treino, realizada por cada atleta.
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Maffitt, Charles McKean. "Singletrack connections integration of mountain bike trails into the Oconee Rivers Greenway /." 2007. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/maffitt%5Fcharles%5Fm%5F200708%5Fmla.
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Sung, Yunan, and 宋幼南. "A Study on Commercial Photography for Revealing Strong Characteristics of Mountain Bike Tires." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54544035070422077255.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士在職專班
102
As biking becomes more and more popular nowadays, internet trading of bike components make it become more important to have good product photos to draw buyers’ attention. Because tire is one of important components of bike, this research aims to investigate how to take a good photo by considering four factors, tire angle, lens, camera angle, and lighting contrast. By taking various photos and shown to subjects to rate them, it is anticipated that photos with more tension can be found to put on internet to attract customers. The results show that tire angle, camera angle, and lighting contrast do influence the image of the tire. The influences of camera angle, and lighting contrast are independent.
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Ku, Chieh-Wen, and 古傑文. "Industrial Structured Patent Competitive Intelligence System – Using the Suspension Mountain Bike Industry as an Example." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q7s69z.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
企業管理學系碩士班
104
The application of patent resources has been the difficult problem of domestic enterprises in Taiwan. Domestic enterprises tend to believe that patent could avoid the attack of patent litigation. However, this is not certainly. The key reason is that the information of industry, technology, and patent are independent development. Thus, the enterprises do not pass through the patent rights to protect their profit and right; even take the patent into the weapons of attack or profit. Intelligence Resources Planning (IRP) could link the information of industry, technology, and patent to present the complete information for the enterprises, but the method of architecture were complicated that the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) hard to apply it. This study focus on simplified the method archi-tecture of IRP and developed both big data and data visualization within the simplified IRP architecture that supported the SMEs to decision-making.
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Wu, Sui-An, and 吳歲安. "A Study on Computer Aided Design System－with the Mountain Bike Design as an Example." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25905903950189267450.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
工業設計系碩士班
93
The process of designing bicycles will be different because of companies’ types in business organization, experience, as well as algorithm in new product development. Particularly, 2D software based development procedures are unable to quickly correspond to recent competitive needs of current industry. This study is aimed at improving the holistic development model for mountain bike design. By means of 3D model making and the use of data bank, designers can get helps in need and finish blueprints of bicycles to be the foundation for further idea evaluation and screening. It has benefits on design, and hopes to do bicycle industry good. The author came to the following conclusions: 1.By questionnaires, the ideas of bicycles’ style and Image Word can help designers realize the description of product and cognition, and then design more necessary ones. 2.This study constructs 3D models of mountain bikes, and defines multiple structural combinations through parameters of mountain bike frames. Therefore, designing bicycles can be more flexible to fit competitive and changeable marketability. 3.The simple user interface can help designers reach their goals in CAID, simplifying the process of mountain bike design. 4.By means of data bank construction, related design information can be easily accessed, thus saving designers a lot of time in collecting data, and enhancing the efficiency of new mountain bike design. 5.The database system provided by this study can help designers reach their design goals rapidly and provides basic blueprints, enhancing the effectiveness of the holistic mountain bike development procedure. 6.For bike companies, the use of industrial design isn’t frequent. The introduction of Kansei words for bike design can improve the design quality and shorten the lead time. Especially, it will help bring designers and customers closer in perceptions of product form styles. Therefore, the final design can really meet the requirements and reach the goal of consumer-oriented design.
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Chen, Tsung-Tai, and 陳宗台. "The Cognition Differences on Product Images between Consumers and Designers Using the Mountain Bike Folk as an Example." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94469387712404802217.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
工業設計系碩士班
94
Conventional industries, especially for bicycle industry, have a great contribution to Taiwan. To the past contribution of economic miracle or the global management, bicycle enterprise has an imperishable and substantial achievement during the process of creating economic value. This research probes the front fork of the bicycle on its structural design and outside appearance from the viewpoints of the designer and the consumer. Investigation and research focus on a variety of front forks so as to know what are consumers’ most popular styles. Then, a data bank is established to store the information in classification. It provides designers and consumers with further detailed information on the front fork, and also offers valuable references to the enterprises and the framework of academic theories. This research is made with 80 questionnaires – 50 copies for consumers and 30 copies for designers. The finding of the research shows that 11 of the 60 semantics the questionnaire have opposite preferential cognition, and those who have the same preferential opinions have a difference up to 0.94. It shows that there still exists a difference between the designer’s current designing and the consumer’s cognition. The cognitional difference between the designer and the consumer can be understood by means of a deep study and categorizing the front forks. Thus, the designer is able to satisfy consumer’s need from categorizing the products.
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Liang, Chien-Wen, and 梁建文. "A Survey of Consumer Preference on the Correlation between Market Segmentation and Product Attributes -- Implementation on the Mountain Bike." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40394067938648241986.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
工業設計學系
93
Internally there''s been leisure time and motion in vogue. Because of consumers change their life style and raise standards of leisure time''s quality. Mountain bike are extensively sell and use by consumers and it becomes to represent of fashionable, delicate, tasteful, pleasurable, and sports. Products are tendency to develop more individualism and variation from consumers needs. How to understand consumer behavior, preferences, and cognitions of feelings of each consumer groups? That is very important affairs of product development to recognize before do it. It is appropriate to help developing new product on the positional of any consumer groups need from the marketing. Our research purpose is probe into middle or high grade mountain bike from consumer with consumer behavior and image; so that, we can make sure consider factor and type of bike at present of domestic marketing of each consumer groups. For the purpose of resource are for enterprises interior to produce product development. Our research proceed adopt by survey and it includes three parts. The first is consumer behavior. The second one is consumers'' preferences and cognitions of feelings to product. The last one is consumers'' personal information. First of all, we discover diversity product on market domestic customs related to documents. There are many deferent consumer groups exist and have deferent product preferences situation. Does middle or high grade of consumer marketing by mountain bike which still have many different consumer groups exist and preferences? Research fellows are aimed at selling middle or high grade mountain bike from domestic market at present to conclude by three series: XC, all-rounder, and downhill. And then select one representative sample from three series. Besides, take for consumer''s product image with cognitions of feelings form 20 glossaries of adjective are screened off from 64 glossaries to make test survey. And then gather previously two series contents to proceed a large number by survey. Afterwards, analyze the data from the SPSS statistics software. Research result reveals mountain bike consumer market includes six different consumer groups indeed in domestic. Those are practical group, motion group, fashion group, leisure time group, ride instead of walk group, and brand important group. Each group has different receivable of buying price. Among motion group, fashion group and brand important group may accept higher price such as NT$10,000~60,000. On the other hand, we discover from research (three samples of all), consumer ride bicycle more frequently that can more affected by product''s “fashionable image”. (Sample one), consumer could be more affected by product''s personality and profession image of superior grade comprehensibility on product. (Sample two) consumer could be more affected by product''s leisure time and male image of superior grade comprehensibility on product. Hope by way of this research of resources can supply bicycle industrial circles or academic circles.
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Huang, Chi-Jung, and 黃啟榮. "A Study on the Interconnected Development of Lifestyle Requirements and the Creation of Added Value, with the Mountain Bike as the Example." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05276458318372857384.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
設計研究所
90
Mountain bikes were once seldom seen on the streets of Taiwan’s towns, but the release of comparatively inexpensive models has changed the situation. In the past two years, you can see on any given day people of all ages riding everywhere that roads go. There are not too many riding restrictions, and there is a great variety in terms of use. Aware of this trend, most domestic bike firms have already begun R&D on producing anti-vibration frames to supply market needs. In this same time period, the two-day weekend was made domestic law. This new system gives people more room for recreation and makes them reconsider how they allocate time for work and play. This new recreational lifestyle has aided the development of the recreation and leisure products industries. This research seeks to deal with the phenomena described above. It takes trends in recreational lifestyle as the background. Further, in the light of the recent increase in our leisure quality, this research examines: a) The interconnection between the mountain bike and our recreational lifestyle. b) The factors involved in the large-scale development of the mountain bike market c) The influence of this interconnection on: 1) technologically mature mountain bike design, and 2) the room for development of this product’s added value. This research uses the survey research method. There are two formats─company surveys and consumer surveys─and the survey content covers: 1) the behavior and attitude involved in mountain bike use; 2) the factors involved in the large-scale development of the mountain bike market; and 3) requirements for increasing this product’s added value. The variance of the obtained data was analyzed using the T-test and One-Way ANOVA statistical methods. Afterwards, the product qualities that satisfied or did not satisfy consumers were examined to determine their order of importance. This examination allowed us to calculate an “added value order of satisfaction” and an “added value order of dissatisfaction” were calculated. These orderings should provide a useful reference for future practical design work. The research results obtained were: 1. The factors involved in the rapid growth of the mountain bike market─in order of importance─are: 1) comfortability, 2) trendiness, 3) increasing reasonableness of price, 4) environmental friendliness, 5) functionality. 2. The qualities for the “added value order of satisfaction” are: 1) comfort level, 2) frame design, 3) rise in quality of leisure activities, 4) trendiness, 5) color schemes or matching. 3. The qualities for the “added value order of dissatisfaction” were: 1) space planning for carrying gear, 2) inadequate reasonableness of price, 3) safety lighting equipment, 4) frame heaviness, 5) total bike size. 4. From the above analyses we can know that for practical design we should develop a gear carrying extendable rack. This research isolates design guidelines for the mountain bike, a mature period product. Thinking through the concept of added value, we may improve the performance of this product’s symbolic value. This improvement will provide a firmer competitive foundation for the mountain bike as it struggles through the process of differentiating itself from the traditional road bicycle.
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Ou, Shiow-fen, and 歐陽秀芬. "A Feasibility Assessment of Industrial Development in the Environmental Sensitive Area:A Case Study on ”Cross Industry -- Mountain Bike Sport” in BaoLai of Kaohsiung." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03155635192071209809.
Full textAbstract:
碩士康寧大學
資產管理與城市規劃研究所
100
Morakot typhoon has been occurred hard damage more two years in Sorthern of Taiwan. However, Liugui, Maolin, Jiaxian and Taoyuan were broken the worse district by Morakot. Especially, the situation of Liugui district is the most severe. There are still doubts unsolved for the restruction of hot springs in Baolai district. The hot spring spa was collapsed, which operators have to be facing the legalized declaration in Baolai, and warring how to rebuild? The actual economical profit of redevelopment policy is doubtful. Currently, the civilians are launching the Cross Industry, which is designed by the honorary director of Baolai Reconstruction Association, Roger Chen for the reconstruction in Baolai. It is in line with the fact that Baolai is located in the water quality and quantity protection area. After Morakot disaster, Morakot Post-Disaster Reconstruction Council of Executive Yua classified Baolai as type 1 and type 2 strategic districts of reconstruction. This study explored the development strategies and suggestions of Cross Industry in Baolai area, analyzed the feasibility through three aspects of regulation, economy and society. The study has found that: 1. Regulation assessment: the contents of Cross Industry didn’t violate any regulations of the system. Because the competent authorities of the wild creeks aren’t clear, Kaohsiung City Government can be the authority to promote Cross Industry. 2. Economic benefit: it was calculated the individual recreational benefit and resulted in NTD 8,281.04 by Travel Cost Method. Furthermore, based on the total number of participants of 8 activities which were held by Cross Industry, the total economic profit was estimated as high as more than NTD 30 million. 3. Society benefit: most interviewees were willing to see the lauch of Cross Industry in Baolai area. Liugui district office was also active in promoting this industry. Based on the above-mentioned results, this study is expecting to benefit the promotion and development of the Cross Industry in Baolai.
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Silveira, António Manuel da Silva da. "A influência circadiana, tipo de bicicleta e piso - estudo comparativo de parâmetros fisiológicos e biomecânicos em ciclistas de BTT." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/80369.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Desporto, no ramo de Treino Desportivo, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação FísicaObjetivo: o objetivo desta tese é contribuir para um aprofundamento do conhecimento na área do ciclismo, visando a rentabilização do treino das capacidades físicas em BTT e estrada. Metodologia: participaram no estudo 16 ciclistas do sexo masculino (34,81 ± 5,76 anos; 52,3 ± 3,9 mL/kg/min de VO2max relativo, 4,65 ± 0,36 W/kg de potência relativa) que realizaram quatro protocolos em situação real de campo variando o tipo de bicicleta e o piso, um protocolo realizado em rolos e um protocolo incremental para determinação dos parâmetros ventilatórios (consumo máximo de oxigénio e limiares ventilatórios). A tese é composta por cinco estudos: no primeiro, realizamos a caracterização da amostra através da avaliação cineantropométrica e de um protocolo incremental contínuo com monitorização do consumo máximo de oxigénio e da lactatemia visando a caraterização bioenergética. O estudo dois avalia o efeito cronobiológico na realização de tarefas típicas, comparando o impacto do mesmo protocolo em BTT realizado de manhã e de tarde, através da análise das variáveis potência, frequência cardíaca, lactatemia e frequência (cadência) de pedalada. Os estudos três e quatro compararam o impacto induzido pelo tipo de bicicleta (estrada e BTT) e do piso (terra e asfalto) na variáveis referidas em protocolos de idêntico desenho. O estudo 5 visa comparar os resultados das referidas variáveis num protocolo de campo e num protocolo em rolos. Principais resultados: a amostra situa-se num nível competitivo intermédio. Quando comparado o comportamento das diferentes variáveis do desempenho no protocolo realizado de manhã com o da tarde, excetuando a cadência da pedalada, não foram encontradas diferenças nas restantes variáveis controladas. Ao compararmos diferentes tipos de piso foram registadas diferenças nas potências média e máxima. A comparação dos resultados obtidos com diferentes bicicletas unicamente evidenciou diferença na variável potência média. Finalmente, quando se comparou um protocolo de campo com um protocolo em rolos, verificaram-se diferenças nas variáveis frequência cardíaca máxima, potência máxima, cadência e lactato final. Conclusões: o confronto dos resultados obtidos nos diferentes estudos por nós realizados revelam a existência de alterações no impacto fisiológico e mecânico para uma estimulação aparentemente semelhante, em terreno e laboratório. Foi possível verificar uma maior produção de potência com a bicicleta de BTT, em estrada. Através da análise da resposta da frequência cardíaca e da potência, verificaram-se diferenças nos resultados obtidos nos protocolos de campo realizados: as diferentes bicicletas e os diferentes pisos não produzem alterações significativas na frequência cardíaca mas, pelo contrário, produzem alterações na potência mecânica externa, condicionando o impacto das adaptações induzidas pelo treino.
Objective: the objective of this thesis is to contribute to deepen the knowledge of cycling area broadening, aiming improvements in the physical skills in mountain bike (MTB) and road cycling training. Methodology: sixteen male cyclists have participated in the study (34,81 ± 5,76 years; 52,3 ± 3,9 mL/kg/min of VO2max relative, 4,65 ± 0,36 W/kg of relative power), who have followed four protocols in situation of field experience varying the type of bicycle and ground. A protocol was made in indoor roller training and another incremental protocol to define ventilator parameters (maximum oxygen consumption and ventilator thresholds). The thesis is composed by five studies: in the first study, we did a sample characterization through the cineanthropometric evaluation and through the incremental and continuous protocol monitoring the maximum oxygen and lactatemia consumption, aiming the bioenergetic characterization. The second study evaluates the chronobiological effect in typical tasks realization, comparing the impact of the same record on MTB made in the morning or the afternoon, through the analysis of power, heart rate, blood lactate concentration and pedaling frequency (cadence). Studies three and four compare the induced impact by the type of bicycle (road and MTB) and the type of ground (tarmac and soil) in the referred variables using protocols with similar design. Study five aims to compare the findings of the referred variables in a field protocol and in an indoor roller protocol. Main findings: the sample is in a medium competitive level. When comparing the behavior of the different variables in the performance of morning and afternoon protocol, excepting the pedal cadence, there weren’t found differences in the rest of the controlled variables. When we compare different types of ground there were registered differences in average and maximum power. The comparison of the obtained results with different bicycles only demonstrated differences in the average power variable. Finally, when the field protocol was compared with the one in indoor roller, differences were verifiable in the variables of maximum heart rate, maximum power, cadence and final lactate. Conclusions: the comparison of obtained results in our different studies indicates the existence of different physiological and mechanical variations to a seemingly similar stimulation in field and laboratory tests. It was possible to verify a major power output with the MTB bicycle on the tarmac surface. Through the analysis of the heart rate and power outputs, they were found differences in the results of field protocols: the different bicycles and different grounds don’t produce significantly variations in heart rate but, on the contrary, they produce power output variations making a different impact in the induced training adaptations.
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Lu, Ping-cheng, and 呂秉澄. "Top-down design for mountain bikes." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97699469946831818541.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
97
The traditional way of mountain bike (MTB) design is composed of many independent stages, thus rendering a bad integration of component design and structural analysis. In addition, mechanical analysis is often undertaken for each single component, without the consideration of the entire structure of MTB. This leads to little chance of finding and solving relevant structural problems in the early design stage. To reduce the impacts of these drawbacks, this thesis introduces the concept of “top-down design” and evolves a new design process for MTB. Firstly, this study uses layout and skeletons in Pro/ENGINEER to describe the structure of the MTB in a parametric manner. By doing so, we can improve the design process since it allows us to design more efficient and less time consuming. Secondly, we simulate MTB’s working condition and analyze forces which act on the MTB’s frame to see if the current structure works well under that condition. Finally, an optimization process will be done to optimize crucial parameters which are obtained from a sensitivity analysis, and use the optimal parameters to modify the initial geometry.
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Chen, Shiau-Rung, and 陳孝榮. "Optimum Design of Rear Suspension of Mountain Bikes." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52548645568983673559.
Full textAbstract:
碩士龍華科技大學
機械系碩士班
91
The purpose of this research is to optimize the design parameter for the rear suspension system of mountain bikes that include the rear frame’s size, angle, and rear spring stiffness and damping ratio. The Taguchi method is used to optimize the design parameter for the rear suspension system. The Pro/ENGINEER drafted the 3D model for the rear frame system. Then we simulate the mountain bikes passing through a bumper to analyze the suspension character. After that the finite element software and life assess software was employed to figure out the optimization rear suspension system parameter which to make the frame of rear suspension system have the minimum acceleration and the most long service life. The conclusion of this research is that the stiffness of rear spring has the most influence for the minimum acceleration of rear suspension system. The most contributed parameter of the rear suspension system for the service life of the frame is the length of chain stay length.
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Tseng, Po-Sen, and 曾柏森. "Vibration Analyses of Mountain-Bikes Subjected Different Forcing Functions." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36614812378224828402.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
機電工程學系博碩專班
99
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analysis effects of shock absorbers on the dynamic behaviors of mountain-bikes subjected to forcing functions by using Solid work and ADAMS. In this paper, the structure of the bike consists of eight parts and two absorbers connected between the parts. The material properties, masses, and constrained conditions of parts are defined in ADAMS. Front and rear absorbers are described by using both the spring coefficient and the damping coefficient. In the analysis of simulation, the bike is subjected to periodic forcing functions can be written as the sum of harmonic functions using Fourier series. The corresponding Fourier coefficients are determined analytically and the Fourier series of the forcing function can be defined in ADAMS. Effects of spring coefficient and the damping coefficient of the front and rear absorbers on the position of center mass of the bike are examined. Keywords: Absorber, ADAMS, Constrained condition, Spring coefficient, Damping coefficient, Fourier series, Periodic forcing function
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Hwang, Ruey-Horng, and 黃瑞宏. "Design on the System of Rear Suspension Mechanisms of Mountain Bikes." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09155081740347927033.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
機械工程學系研究所
89
With the prevalence of leisure sport, riding mountain bikes becomes an enormous vogue today. The mountain bikes undoubtedly have become one of the most popular products in the leisure sport market. Based on its superior standard of operating quality and the demand of comfortableness, the requirement of the outstanding rear suspension mechanism of mountain bikes is one of the crucial components in the design procedure. The purpose of this work is to provide a design procedure of the system of rear suspension mechanisms of mountain bikes by using the concept of engineering design method. First, to investigate the essential requirements of the system of rear suspension mechanisms of mountain bikes is started. Then the design targets of this research are decided further in order to establish the requirement book for the system of rear suspension mechanisms of mountain bikes. Second, the kinematic design of rear suspension mechanisms is proceeding. Computer Aided Tried and Error program is utilized for synthesizing the dimensions of rear suspension mechanisms to meet the requirement of functions. Finally, topology theory is applied to synthesize the frames of mountain bikes. Furthermore, the systematic design procedure is developed to perform the embodiment design of the system of rear suspension mechanisms of mountain bikes.
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Chang, Wen-Chey, and 張文曲. "The Experimental Design on the Shock Absorption Study of Mountain Bikes." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29940954415679699338.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
應用數學系
84
PU及發泡材料已常見應用於登山自行車減振的阻尼彈性體( Elastomer). 因為高分子材料具非線性力學行為,而且此應用已非小變形 的範疇, 因此使用線性的振動數學模式來預測減振效果, 可能產生巨大誤 差, 所以有必要全尺寸的振動實驗, 以掌握實際的振動行為, 並做為修正 設計成數學模式的依據. 吾人在此設計一套振動實驗機構, 實際模擬 登山自行車行駛的振動行為, 以測試PU材料的減振效果. 同時亦針對車 架進行模態測試實驗, 實驗中就有載重與無載重車架, 及預壓PU材料的車 架與無預壓PU材料的車架之自然頻率與阻尼比, 分別做比較. PU and foam materials have been widely used as elastomers in shock absorber of mountain bikes. Because of nonlinear mechanical behavior and large deformation ofmaterials, the prediction of anivibration by using mathematical models of linearvibration may produce a huge error. Therefore, it is necessary to do full scaleexperiments. In order to observe realistic vibration behavior. According to theexperimental results, the modification of design or mathematical model can beaccomplished. Here, we design and make an experiment mechanism to test a full scale mountain bike under harmonic and random dynamic loading, respectively. In order tounderstand more dynamic behavior of the experimented mountain bike, the naturalmodes and the mode shapes are also found.