Journal articles: 'Mount Vernon'

1

Brandt, Lydia Mattice. "Re‐creating Mount Vernon." Winterthur Portfolio 43, no. 1 (March 2009): 79–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597174.

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Haulman, K. "George Washington's Mount Vernon." Journal of American History 101, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jau582.

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Buller, Sacha, Debra Inglis, and Carol Miles. "Plant Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality, and Tolerance to Verticillium Wilt of Grafted Watermelon and Tomato in Field Production in the Pacific Northwest." HortScience 48, no. 8 (August 2013): 1003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.8.1003.

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Growth, fruit yield and quality, and potential tolerance to verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) were compared among non-grafted, self-grafted, and grafted triploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb., ‘Crisp’n Sweet’) and heirloom tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, ‘Cherokee Purple’). Rootstocks for watermelon were ‘Emphasis’ bottle gourd (Lagenaria sicerarea) and ‘Strong Tosa’ interspecific squash hybrid (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata), and rootstocks for tomato were ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Maxifort’ interspecific tomato (Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum habrochaites). Field trials were carried out in 2010 and 2011 at Hermiston and Eltopia (eastern Oregon and Washington, respectively) and Mount Vernon (western Washington). Grafted watermelon had significantly larger stem diameter than non-grafted and self-grafted plants both years at Mount Vernon, whereas there were no differences at Hermiston or Eltopia. Grafted tomato in 2011 had significantly larger stem diameter than non-grafted and self-grafted plants at Eltopia and Mount Vernon, and ‘Beaufort’-grafted plants were significantly taller than other treatments at Mount Vernon. Grafting did not impact watermelon or tomato fruit yield or quality at any location either year. Foliar symptoms of verticillium were not observed on ‘Crisp’n Sweet’ watermelon at the eastern locations either year; however, at Mount Vernon, ‘Emphasis’ and ‘Strong Tosa’-grafted plants had significantly lower verticillium wilt severity than non-grafted and self-grafted plants both years. Microsclerotia were observed in all recovered watermelon stems sampled at Eltopia and Mount Vernon. V. dahliae was isolated from non-grafted and ‘Emphasis’-grafted ‘Crisp’n Sweet’ stems at Eltopia and non-grafted, self-grafted, and ‘Strong Tosa’-grafted stems at Mount Vernon. Foliar symptoms of verticillium wilt and microsclerotia in stems were not observed on ‘Cherokee Purple’ plants at either location both years despite site histories of the disease. Grafting with ‘Emphasis’ and ‘Strong Tosa’ rootstocks may be an effective strategy for managing verticillium wilt on watermelon in western Washington; however, grafting ‘Cherokee Purple’ onto ‘Beaufort’ and ‘Maxifort’ did not provide any advantages for tomato under the field conditions of this study.

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Johnson, Dennis A., Debra A. Inglis, and Jeffrey S. Miller. "Control of Potato Tuber Rots Caused by Oomycetes with Foliar Applications of Phosphorous Acid." Plant Disease 88, no. 10 (October 2004): 1153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.10.1153.

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Phosphorous acid for control of tuber rots caused by Phytophthora infestans, P. erythroseptica, and Pythium ultimum was applied to foliage of potato cultivars at various application timings and rates under growing conditions in the Pacific Northwest at Othello and Mount Vernon, WA, and Bonners Ferry and Aberdeen, ID in 2001 to 2003. Efficacy was assessed by artificially inoculating harvested tubers. Mean incidence and severity of late blight tuber rot in tubers inoculated with US-8 and US-11 isolates of Phytophthora infestans usually were significantly less when the foliage from which the tubers were obtained was treated with phosphorous acid than when it was not treated at all locations. With two applications of phosphorous acid, late blight tuber rot in the tuber-resistant cv. Umatilla Russet was significantly less than for Ranger Russet. For phosphorous acid at a rate of 9.37 kg a.i./ha, late blight tuber rot control achieved with two applications at 2-week intervals was not consistently improved across locations by making an additional application 2 weeks later. In 2003, incidence and severity of late blight tuber rot did not differ significantly between the rates of 7.49 and 9.37 kg a.i./ha at both Othello and Mount Vernon. Late blight tuber rot incidence and severity were significantly less at a rate of 7.49 kg a.i./ha when the application schedule began at initial tuber bulking rather than when the first application was made 4 weeks after initial tuber bulking at Othello, but not Mount Vernon. Incidence of pink rot was significantly less in inoculated tubers from plots treated with three applications of phosphorous acid than in tubers from nontreated control plots at Mount Vernon in 2002 and 2003, Bonners Ferry in 2002, and Aberdeen in 2003. Pink rot severity was reduced significantly by both two and three phosphorous acid applications at Mount Vernon in 2002. Pink rot incidence, but not severity, was reduced significantly at all timings when either 7.49 or 9.37 kg a.i./ha was applied at Mount Vernon in 2003. Control of Pythium spp. by phosphorous acid was not evident in this study. Total tuber yield at harvest did not differ significantly among the phosphorous acid treatments and the nontreated control at Othello and Mount Vernon in 2001 and 2002.

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5

Anderson, Barbara L. "Researching the View Cards of Mount Vernon." Popular Culture in Libraries 3, no. 2 (February 26, 1996): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j117v03n02_11.

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Wimer, Jesse, Debra Inglis, and Carol Miles. "Evaluating Grafted Watermelon for Verticillium Wilt Severity, Yield, and Fruit Quality in Washington State." HortScience 50, no. 9 (September 2015): 1332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.9.1332.

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Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a serious disease for watermelon growers in Washington State. Grafting represents a possible alternative disease management strategy, but little is known about rootstock resistance to verticillium wilt or the performance of grafted watermelon in the different production regions of the state. In this study, verticillium wilt severity, yield, and fruit quality were evaluated at three contrasting field sites in Washington using verticillium wilt-susceptible ‘Sugar Baby’ (diploid) watermelon grafted onto four commercial rootstock cultivars (Marvel, Rampart, Tetsukabuto, and Titan); nongrafted ‘Sugar Baby’ was included as the control. Verticillium dahliae soil densities varied at each site (<1.0, 5.7, and 18.0 colony-forming units (cfu)/g soil at Othello, Eltopia, and Mount Vernon, respectively). Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values differed significantly among treatments at Eltopia and Mount Vernon. Nongrafted ‘Sugar Baby’ had the highest AUDPC value at all three sites, while ‘Sugar Baby’ grafted onto ‘Tetsukabuto’ had the lowest AUDPC value at Eltopia and Mount Vernon. Nongrafted ‘Sugar Baby’ also had the lowest fruit weight per plant at all sites, but ‘Sugar Baby’ grafted onto ‘Tetsukabuto’ had the highest fruit weight per plant at Eltopia and Mount Vernon. Marketable fruit weight per plant did not differ among treatments at Othello. Yield was negatively correlated with AUDPC values at both Eltopia and Mount Vernon. Fruit number per plant was only significantly impacted at Eltopia, where ‘Sugar Baby’ grafted onto ‘Tetsukabuto’ had more fruit per plant than all other treatments except ‘Sugar Baby’ grafted onto ‘Rampart’. Fruit quality (flesh firmness, total soluble solids, and lycopene content) was unaffected by grafting at either Othello or Eltopia, except for increased flesh firmness for ‘Sugar Baby’ grafted onto ‘Marvel’ and ‘Titan’ as compared with nongrafted ‘Sugar Baby’ at Eltopia. At season’s end, plants were sampled from all treatments at Eltopia and Mount Vernon and assayed for V. dahliae. Microsclerotia typical of this organism were observed in all samples. Results from this study indicate that verticillium wilt of watermelon can be successfully managed by grafting when the V. dahliae soil density exceeds 5.0 cfu/g in Washington. In addition, grafting does not reduce fruit quality and using certain rootstocks can improve the quality of flesh firmness at certain locations.

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Dabirian, Sahar, Debra Inglis, and Carol A. Miles. "Grafting Watermelon and Using Plastic Mulch to Control Verticillium Wilt Caused by Verticillium dahliae in Washington." HortScience 52, no. 3 (March 2017): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11403-16.

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Verticillium wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is a significant disease affecting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production in Washington State. This field study at three locations in Washington in 2015 compared verticillium wilt susceptibility, fruit yield and quality of nongrafted watermelon, and grafted plants grown with black plastic and clear plastic mulch. Overall for grafting treatments, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values were higher for nongrafted ‘TriX Palomar’ (765) than for ‘TriX Palomar’ grafted onto ‘Super Shintosa’ (132), ‘Tetsukabuto’ (178), or ‘Just’ (187). Overall for mulch, the AUDPC value was higher for plants grown with black plastic mulch (385) than for plants grown with clear plastic mulch (237). Overall for location, the AUDPC value was lowest at Eltopia (84), intermediate at Othello (182), and highest at Mount Vernon (680). At season end, more Verticillium microsclerotia were present in stems of nongrafted ‘TriX Palomar’ than in grafted treatment stems at Eltopia and Mount Vernon, but not at Othello. Differences in microsclerotia presence occurred only in the top or scion portion of the stem, but not in the graft union, rootstock, or crown portions of the stem. There was no difference due to mulch in regard to Verticillium microsclerotia detected in stem assays. After harvest, V. dahliae soil density under black plastic mulch increased 6-fold at Eltopia, 4.7-fold at Othello, and 1.9-fold at Mount Vernon. In contrast, V. dahiae soil density under clear plastic mulch was nearly identical to the level at planting at each location (<1, 2.6, and 27 cfu/g at Eltopia, Othello, and Mount Vernon, respectively). There was a significant interaction between grafting and location for fruit yield such that there was no difference at Eltopia and Othello, but at Mount Vernon, yield of nongrafted ‘TriX Palomar’ was lower (7.4 kg/plant) than for grafted plants (average 13.0 kg/plant). The number and weight of marketable fruit per plant were higher at Othello (4.0 and 27.65 kg/plant, respectively) than at Eltopia (2.0 and 12.23 kg/plant, respectively) and Mount Vernon (2.2 and 11.63 kg/plant, respectively). Fruit firmness was greater overall for all three grafted treatments (average 2.67 N) than for nongrafted ‘TriX Palomar’ (2.20 N), but there was no difference in total soluble solids (TSS) or lycopene content of fruit due to grafting. Yield, fruit firmness, and TSS did not differ due to mulch type; however, lycopene content was greater for plants grown with black plastic mulch than with clear plastic mulch at Eltopia. There was no difference in TSS due to location, but fruit firmness was lower at Eltopia and Othello (2.20 and 2.44 N, respectively) than at Mount Vernon (3.00 N), whereas lycopene content was less at Mount Vernon (27.85 μg·g−1) than at Eltopia or Othello (38.58 and 36.54 μg·g−1). The results of this study indicate that although verticillium wilt symptoms were visible in watermelon plants when V. dahliae level was <3 cfu/g of soil, watermelon yield was not reduced. However, when V. dahliae soil density was >50 cfu/g of soil, yield was greater for grafted plants and for plants grown with clear plastic mulch.

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8

Hill, Martha. "George Washington's Mount Vernon Estate and Garden Mount Vernon Ladies' Association James Reese Dennis Pogue Ann Bay Mary V. Thompson." Public Historian 25, no. 2 (April 2003): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3379056.

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9

Miles, Carol, Russ Wallace, Annette Wszelaki, Jeffrey Martin, Jeremy Cowan, Tom Walters, and Debra Inglis. "Deterioration of Potentially Biodegradable Alternatives to Black Plastic Mulch in Three Tomato Production Regions." HortScience 47, no. 9 (September 2012): 1270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.9.1270.

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Four potentially biodegradable mulch products (BioAgri, BioTelo, WeedGuardPlus, and SB-PLA-10) were evaluated during 2010 in three contrasting regions of the United States (Knoxville, TN; Lubbock, TX; and Mount Vernon, WA) and compared with black plastic mulch and a no-mulch control for durability, weed control, and impact on tomato yield in high tunnel and open field production systems. WeedGuardPlus, BioTelo, and BioAgri had the greatest number of rips, tears, and holes (RTH) and percent visually observed deterioration (PVD) at all three sites (P ≤ 0.05), and values were greater in the open field than high tunnels, likely as a result of high winds and greater solar radiation and rainfall. SB-PLA-10 showed essentially no deterioration at all three sites and was equivalent to black plastic in both high tunnels and the open field. Weed growth at the sites did not differ in high tunnels as compared with the open field (P > 0.05). Weed growth at Knoxville and Mount Vernon was greatest under SB-PLA-10 (P ≤ 0.02), likely as a result of the white, translucent nature of this test product. Tomato yield was greater in the high tunnels than open field at all three sites (P ≤ 0.03), except for total fruit weight at Knoxville (P ≤ 0.53). Total number of tomato fruit and total fruit weight were lowest for bare ground at both Knoxville (150 × 104 fruit/ha and 29 t·ha−1; P ≤ 0.04) and Mount Vernon (44 × 104 fruit/ha and 11 t·ha−1; P ≤ 0.008). At Knoxville, the other mulch treatments were statistically equivalent, whereas at Mount Vernon, BioAgri had among the highest yields (66 × 104 fruit/ha and 16 t·ha−1). There were no differences in tomato yield resulting from mulch type at Lubbock.

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10

Frank, S. "Ford Orientation Center and Donald W. Reynolds Museum and Education Center. Mount Vernon Estate and Gardens, Mount Vernon, Va. http://www.mountvernon.org/." Journal of American History 94, no. 3 (December 1, 2007): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25095151.

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11

George, Robert Blair St, Robert F. Dalzell Jr., and Lee Baldwin Dalzell. "George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America." Journal of American History 87, no. 2 (September 2000): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2568797.

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Hallock, P. Gardiner. "Assessing past Conservation Treatments at George Washington's Mount Vernon." APT Bulletin 33, no. 2/3 (2002): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504752.

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13

Vlach, John Michael, Robert F. Dalzell, and Lee Baldwin Dalzell. "George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America." American Historical Review 104, no. 5 (December 1999): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2649392.

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14

McLaughlin, Jack, Robert F. Dalzell, and Lee Baldwin Dalzell. "George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America." William and Mary Quarterly 57, no. 3 (July 2000): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674286.

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Nakhla, L. S., and R. Sanders. "Microbiological aspects of burns at mount vernon hospital, UK." Burns 17, no. 4 (August 1991): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(91)90046-j.

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Ghimire, Shuresh, Annette L. Wszelaki, Jenny C. Moore, Debra Ann Inglis, and Carol Miles. "The Use of Biodegradable Mulches in Pie Pumpkin Crop Production in Two Diverse Climates." HortScience 53, no. 3 (March 2018): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12630-17.

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The use of plastic biodegradable mulch (BDM) in many vegetable crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has been proven to be of equal benefit as polyethylene (PE) mulch. However, there are limited research findings on the performance of BDM with a large fruited crop such as pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) where the fruit can rest directly on the mulch for an extended period. To investigate whether heavy fruit might cause the mulch to degrade more quickly than expected, thereby, influencing weed control, fruit yield, and fruit quality including mulch adhesion on fruit, we carried out a field experiment in 2015 and 2016 at two locations in the United States with distinctive climates, Mount Vernon, WA and Knoxville, TN. Three plastic mulches marketed as biodegradable (BioAgri, Organix, and Naturecycle), one fully biodegradable paper mulch (WeedGuardPlus), and one experimental plastic BDM consisting of polylactic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoates (Exp. PLA/PHA) were evaluated against PE mulch and bare ground where ‘Cinnamon Girl’ pie pumpkin was the test crop. There was significant weed pressure in the bare ground plots at both locations over both years, indicating viable weed seed banks at the field sites. Even so, weed pressure was minimal across mulch treatments at both locations over both years because the mulches remained sufficiently intact during the growing season. The exceptions were Naturecycle in 2015 at both locations because of the splitting of the mulch and consequently higher percent soil exposure (PSE), and the penetration of all the plastic mulches at Knoxville by nutsedge (Cyperus sp. L.); nutsedge did not penetrate WeedGuardPlus. At Mount Vernon, overall pumpkin yield across both years averaged 18.1 t·ha−1, and pumpkin yield was the greatest with PE, Exp. PLA/PHA, BioAgri, and Naturecycle (19.9–22.8 t·ha−1), intermediate with Organix and WeedGuardPlus (15.3–18.4 t·ha−1), and the lowest for bare ground (8.7 t·ha−1). At Knoxville, overall pumpkin yield across both years averaged 17.7 t·ha−1, and pumpkin yield did not differ because of treatment (15.3–20.4 t·ha−1). The differences in yield between treatments at Mount Vernon were likely because of differences in the soil temperature. At 10 cm depth, the average soil temperature was 1 °C lower for bare ground and WeedGuardPlus as compared with PE mulch and plastic BDMs (20.8 °C). In contrast, soil temperatures were generally higher (25.2 to 28.3 °C) for all treatments at Knoxville and more favorable to crop yield compared with Mount Vernon. Forty-two percent to 59% of pumpkin fruit had mulch adhesion at harvest at Mount Vernon, whereas only 3% to 12% of fruit had mulch adhesion at Knoxville. This difference was because of the location of fruit set—at Mount Vernon, most of the fruit set was on the mulch whereas at Knoxville, vine growth was more extensive and fruit set was mostly in row alleys. Fruit quality differences among treatments were minimal during storage across both locations and years except for total soluble solids (TSS) in 2016, which was lower for bare ground and WeedGuardPlus compared with all the plastic mulches. Taken overall, these results indicate that pie pumpkin grown with BDM has fruit yield and quality comparable to PE mulch; however, adhesion of some BDMs on fruit could affect marketable yield. Furthermore, paper mulch appears to prevent nutsedge penetration.

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17

Bentinck-Smith, William, and Martin Green. "The Mount Vernon Street Warrens: A Boston Story, 1860-1910." New England Quarterly 63, no. 4 (December 1990): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/365936.

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18

Maynard, Donald N. "Washington's Gardens at Mount Vernon. Landscape of the Inner Man." HortScience 34, no. 7 (December 1999): 1305c—1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.7.1305c.

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19

Leibiger, S. "George Washington's Eye: Landscape, Architecture, and Design at Mount Vernon." Journal of American History 100, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jat018.

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20

Pogue, Dennis J. "The Domestic Architecture of Slavery at George Washington's Mount Vernon." Winterthur Portfolio 37, no. 1 (March 2002): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/376340.

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21

Burr, Nicola, and Anna L. Pratt. "MCP Joint Arthroplasty Case Study: The Mount Vernon Static Regime." British Journal of Hand Therapy 4, no. 4 (December 1999): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175899839900400401.

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22

Ghimire, Shuresh, Arnold M. Saxton, Annette L. Wszelaki, Jenny C. Moore, and Carol A. Miles. "Reliability of Soil Sampling Method to Assess Visible Biodegradable Mulch Fragments Remaining in the Field after Soil Incorporation." HortTechnology 27, no. 5 (October 2017): 650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03821-17.

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Biodegradable mulches (BDMs) provide a unique advantage to growers in that they can be tilled into the soil after use, eliminating disposal costs that include time, labor, and equipment needs. Biodegradation of BDMs in the soil can be assessed by the presence of visible mulch fragments; although this is not a direct measure of biodegradation, it provides an initial estimation of mulch biodegradation. We carried out three field experiments to develop a protocol for quantifying BDM fragments in the soil after soil incorporation of mulch. Expt. 1 was done at Mount Vernon, WA, and Knoxville, TN, using five BDMs in four replications, including a polyethylene (PE) mulch reference treatment (three replications and at Mount Vernon only), and a ʽCinnamon Girl’ pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) test crop. At the end of the growing season, mulches were tilled into the soil to a depth of 6 inches and within 16 days, five soil samples were collected with a golf hole cutter (4 inches diameter and 6 inches deep). Fifty-nine percent of the PE mulch fragments were recovered from the reference treatment. Among the remaining treatments, there was a high plot-to-plot variation as to the percent of the BDM recovered (3% to 95% at Mount Vernon, 2% to 88% at Knoxville). To exclude the possibility of mulch degradation impacting mulch recovery, in Expts. 2 and 3 (at Mount Vernon only), one BDM was laid, then tilled into the soil and sampled using the same sampling core as in Expt. 1, but all in 1 day. In Expt. 2, 15 soil samples were collected per plot, which recovered 70% of the mulch, and in Expt. 3, the entire plot was sampled by collecting 128 soil samples per plot, which recovered 62% of the mulch. In summary, sampling with a relatively large core recovered less than 70% of tilled-in mulch, there was high variability between plots within each treatment because of uneven distribution of the mulch fragments in the plot, and even 50 samples per plot did not provide an accurate estimate of the amount of mulch remaining in the field. Thus, soil sampling with a large core was ineffective, and new sampling methods are needed to assess the amount of BDM remaining in the field after soil incorporation.

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Wallace, Russell W., Annette L. Wszelaki, Carol A. Miles, Jeremy S. Cowan, Jeffrey Martin, Jonathan Roozen, Babette Gundersen, and Debra A. Inglis. "Lettuce Yield and Quality When Grown in High Tunnel and Open-Field Production Systems Under Three Diverse Climates." HortTechnology 22, no. 5 (October 2012): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.5.659.

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Field studies were conducted during 2010 and 2011 in Knoxville, TN; Lubbock, TX; and Mount Vernon, WA; to compare high tunnel and open-field organic production systems for season extension and adverse climate protection on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) yield and quality. The climates of these locations are diverse and can be typified as hot and humid (Knoxville), hot and dry (Lubbock), and cool and humid (Mount Vernon). In both years, 6-week-old lettuce seedlings of ‘New Red Fire’ and ‘Green Star’ (leafy type), ‘Adriana’ and ‘Ermosa’ (butterhead type), and ‘Coastal Star’ and ‘Jericho’ (romaine type) were transplanted in the late winter or early spring into subplots covered with black plastic and grown to maturity (43 to 65 days). Lettuce harvest in Knoxville occurred at 50 to 62 days after transplanting (DAT), with open-field lettuce harvested an average of 9 days earlier compared with high tunnel plots both years (P > 0.0001). The earlier than anticipated harvests in the open-field in Knoxville in 2010 were due to lettuce bolting. In Lubbock, high tunnel lettuce was harvested an average 16 days earlier in 2010 compared with open-field lettuce (P > 0.0001), while in 2011, high temperatures and bolting required that open-field lettuce be harvested 4 days earlier than lettuce grown in high tunnels. On average, lettuce cultivars at Mount Vernon matured and were harvested 56 to 61 DAT in 2010 and 54 to 64 DAT in 2011 with no significant differences between high tunnel and open-field production systems. Total and marketable yields at Mount Vernon and Lubbock averaged across cultivars were comparable in both high tunnel and open-field plots. At Knoxville, although total yields were significantly higher (P > 0.0062) in high tunnels than open-field plots, incidence of insect, disease, and physiological damage in high tunnel plots reduced lettuce quality and marketable yield (P > 0.0002). Lettuce head length:diameter ratio (LDR) averaged across cultivars was equal between high tunnel and the open field at all three locations. High tunnel production systems offer greater control of environments suitable for lettuce production, especially in climates like Knoxville and Lubbock where later-planted open-field systems may be more susceptible to temperature swings that may affect lettuce quality. These results suggest that although high tunnel culture alone may influence lettuce yield and quality, regional climates likely play a critical role in determining the impact of these two production systems on marketable lettuce yields.

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24

Dalzell, Robert F. "Constructing Independence: Monticello, Mount Vernon, and the Men Who Built Them." Eighteenth-Century Studies 26, no. 4 (1993): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2739482.

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25

Earney, Sue. "Were you a mount vernon nurse cadet who started in 1973?" Nursing Standard 27, no. 47 (July 24, 2013): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2013.07.27.47.33.s50.

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26

Makepeace, A. R., D. C. Fermont, and M. H. Bennett. "Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Orbit." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 81, no. 11 (November 1988): 640–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688808101109.

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Between 1954 and 1980, 9 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the orbit were treated at the Regional Radiotherapy Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital. Following radiotherapy complete local regression of the tumour was seen in every case. Three patients subsequently developed recurrent disease which proved fatal in two cases. The overall 5 year survival was 89%.

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27

MERINGOLO, DENISE D. "Balancing Inspiration and Education at George Washington's Mount Vernon Estate and Gardens." Public Historian 29, no. 4 (2007): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2007.29.4.129.

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28

Tyson, Amy M., and Azie Mira Dungey. "“Ask a Slave” and Interpreting Race on Public History’s Front Line." Public Historian 36, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 36–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2014.36.1.36.

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In this interview, Azie Mira Dungey (creator of the web series, “Ask a Slave”) and Amy M. Tyson (Associate Professor of History at DePaul University and author of The Wages of History: Emotional Labor on Public History’s Front Lines) discuss Dungey’s web series, as well as her experiences as a living history interpreter at both the Smithsonian Museum of American History and at Mount Vernon.

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29

Glombick, P., R. I. Thompson, P. Erdmer, L. Heaman, R. M. Friedman, M. Villeneuve, and K. L. Daughtry. "UPb constraints on the thermotectonic evolution of the Vernon antiform and the age of the Aberdeen gneiss complex, southeastern Canadian Cordillera." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 213–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-096.

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The Aberdeen gneiss complex is composed of complexly deformed migmatitic orthogneiss and paragneiss situated within the core of the Vernon antiform, a structure defined by a series of subparallel reflectors visible at upper to middle crustal depths (618 km) in seismic reflection data from the Vernon area of the Shuswap metamorphic complex. The Vernon antiform and the Aberdeen gneiss complex lie within the footwall of the gently west dipping (top to the west) Kalamalka Lake shear zone. Migmatitic gneiss exposed within the antiform records evidence (recorded as age domains in complexly zoned zircon grains) of three metamorphic events, occurring at 155150, 90, and 6651 Ma. The timing of magmatic events within the antiform includes emplacement of diorite at ~232 Ma, tonalite at ~151 Ma, granodiorite at 102 Ma, and monzonite at 52 Ma. Middle to Late Jurassic metamorphism resulted in widespread migmatization. Early Tertiary metamorphism (6651 Ma) was coeval with the emplacement of granitic rocks and exhumation typical of other areas of the Shuswap metamorphic complex. Highly deformed orthogneiss situated within the hanging wall of the Kalamalka Lake shear zone, comprising the superstructure, was emplaced at ~171 Ma. Ductile deformation had ceased by 162 Ma. The complex metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the Vernon antiform, which is similar to other areas of the southern Canadian Cordillera including the Nicola horst, Mount Lytton Eagle plutonic complex, Cariboo Mountains, and Mica Creek area, may reflect episodic tectonic activity at the plate margin.

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30

Sprinkle, John H. "Operation Overview and the Creation of Piscataway Park." Public Historian 38, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2016.38.4.79.

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During the post–World War II period, a combination of individuals and institutions worked together to secure the permanent stewardship of the vista visible across the Potomac River from George Washington’s Mount Vernon plantation. Called “Operation Overview,” the campaign resulted in the creation of the only unit of the National Park System designed to protect the viewshed from a historic property. The establishment of Piscataway Park required cooperation, creativity, and compromise among those parties interested in stabilizing the setting of the iconic view from Washington’s home.

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31

Waite, John G., Clay S. Palazzo, and Chelle M. Jenkins. "Watching the Evidence: An HSR to Guide the Preservation of George Washington's Mount Vernon." APT Bulletin 28, no. 1 (1997): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504575.

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32

James, Sarah. "An evaluation study of individual performance review at Mount Vernon Centre for Cancer Treatment." Radiography 3, no. 4 (November 1997): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1078-8174(97)90005-5.

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33

Mark, Annabelle, and Virgine Rottier. "Evaluating National Vocational Qualifications: a European view of the experience of Mount Vernon Hospital." Health Manpower Management 21, no. 1 (February 1995): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09552069510084024.

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34

Amundson, Jhennifer A. "Review: George Washington’s Eye: Landscape, Architecture, and Design at Mount Vernon by Joseph Manca." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 73, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2014.73.4.609.

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35

NISHIKAWA, H., and P. J. SMITH. "The Recovery of Sensation and Function after Cross-Finger Flaps for Fingertip Injury." Journal of Hand Surgery 17, no. 1 (February 1992): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(92)90023-u.

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Over a five-year period, 54 patients had cross-finger flaps at Mount Vernon Hospital for single fingertip injuries. A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the recovery of sensation and function. 92% of the patients were satisfied with the result although 53% suffered cold sensitivity. All the cross-finger flaps tested had diminished sweating and a raised threshold for electrical stimulation. Despite the presence of protective sensation, dynamic sensory discrimination and the return of advanced Aβ fibre innervation, none of the cross-finger flaps was found to have recovered tactile gnosis.

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36

Saxe, David W. "Living Heritage: An Experimental Model Mixing Heritage and Entertainment." Journal of Interpretation Research 14, no. 1 (April 2009): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720901400103.

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The living heritage model is portable and may be replicated by venues of all sizes and budgets. The model may also be scaled to match venue space requirements as well as be adjusted to available human, tangible, and financial resources. Led by Colonial Williamsburg, Mount Vernon, Old Sturbridge Village, and other history-heritage sites, the museum, history-heritage industry is poised to fully embrace the opportunities and potentials that scripted entertainment projects hold for their institutions. The living heritage model is one example of what might be done to instill and invigorate historical interest among the general public.

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37

Cheuse, Alan. "A Brief Washington-Mount Vernon Chronology, Followed by an Aborted Picnic at the Holocaust Museum." Antioch Review 59, no. 4 (2001): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4614258.

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38

Manca, Joseph. "First in the Homes of His Countrymen: George Washington's Mount Vernon in the American Imagination." Journal of American History 104, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 746–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jax324.

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39

Seale, William. "George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America Robert F. Dalzell, Jr. Lee Baldwin Dalzell." Public Historian 23, no. 3 (July 2001): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3378899.

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40

Byron, Tammy K. "“The Only Unavoidable Subject of Regret”: George Washington, Slavery, and the Enslaved Community at Mount Vernon." Journal of American History 107, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaaa274.

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41

Ponzini, Davide. "Urban Implications of Cultural Policy Networks: The Case of the Mount Vernon Cultural District in Baltimore." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 27, no. 3 (June 2009): 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0835.

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42

Paris, Jenell Williams, and Rory E. Anderson. "Faith-based Queer Space in Washington, DC: The Metropolitan Community Church-DC and Mount Vernon Square." Gender, Place & Culture 8, no. 2 (June 2001): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09663690120050760.

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43

Chiu, M. K. L., D. Miles, A. Samani, M. Swinton, and A. Makris. "NICE Chemotherapy Guidelines in Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC) in Practice: Experience of Mount Vernon Cancer Centre." Clinical Oncology 27, no. 6 (June 2015): e10-e11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2015.01.017.

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44

Olwell, Robert. "“The Only Unavoidable Subject of Regret”: George Washington, Slavery, and the Enslaved Community at Mount Vernon." Slavery & Abolition 42, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144039x.2021.1911143.

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45

Aird, E. "438 5 Pre-fabricated modular temporary bunkers at Mount Vernon Centre for Cancer Treatment; What? Why? How?" Radiotherapy and Oncology 76 (September 2005): S191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(05)81414-8.

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46

Lindsay, Anne. "#VirtualTourist: Embracing Our Audience through Public History Web Experience." Public Historian 35, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2013.35.1.67.

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Public historians at sites of cultural heritage tourism struggle to engage with an ever-changing audience. The solution proposed in this work is the cultivation of the virtual community as a valuable audience and future donor base. Through an analysis of the web presence and social media activities of three high profile heritage locations in Virginia, Mount Vernon, Monticello, and Colonial Williamsburg, it is possible to devise best practices for interaction with the virtual tourist. These principles can be implemented at any site, large or small, and seek to create an immersive educational experience to be enjoyed by guests of many ages and interests. The key consideration must be to court the virtual visitor as a new and valuable audience essential to the continuation of perceived relevance at heritage locations across the country.

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47

Graham, Willie. "Review: George Washington's Mount Vernon-At Home in Revolutionary America by Robert F. Dalzell, Jr., Lee Baldwin Dalzell." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991634.

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48

Seth Cotlar. "The View from Mount Vernon versus the People Out of Doors: Context and Conflict in the Ratification Debates." William and Mary Quarterly 69, no. 2 (2012): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.69.2.0369.

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49

Mulholland, P. J., M. Assoku, and P. Sasieni. "A retrospective survival analysis of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases at Mount Vernon Cancer Centre (MVCC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.2068.

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2068 Background: The primary purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the survival of patients with brain metastases following WBRT with regards to the influence of tumor type, age < 65 versus ≥ 65 (RPA RTOG prognostic factor) and recency of treatment date. Methods: From treatment records we identified 1,926 patients with brain metastases from solid tumors who were treated with WBRT at MVCC between February 1992 and March 2008. Dates of death were sourced from records at MVCC, the Cancer Registry and GP practices. Results: We obtained dates of death for patients with lung (n=804), breast (n=457), colorectal (n=129), skin (n=119), kidney (n=82), and unknown primary (n=124) cancers. 42 patients were excluded from analysis as their tumor types were unspecified. A heterogeneous group of 169 patients with a variety of other primary tumor types were also excluded from our primary analyses. 22% of the patients died within the first month following WBRT and only 2.4% remained alive at 2 years. Log-rank analysis of age < 65 versus ≥ 65 demonstrated improved survival for the former for the colorectal, lung, and skin tumor types (p = 0.0048, 0.0001, and 0.0456 respectively). This relationship did not reach significance for the breast, unknown primary, and renal cancer groups (p = 0.14, 0.13, and 0.06 respectively). With the exception of colorectal cancer, the analysis of the effect of treatment date on survival did not reveal recent improvements in survival for patients with brain metastases. An improvement in survival was experienced by the colorectal subgroup treated after March 2006 (HR= 0.51 95% CI 0.27- 0.96). Conclusions: Our data validate age as an important prognostic factor for many tumor types with notable exceptions for as yet undetermined reasons. Metastasis to the brain is a late stage feature of colorectal malignancy. The survival of the majority of patients undergoing WBRT for brain metastases is poor and with the possible exception of colorectal cancer, has not improved over the last decade. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

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D. W., McMoran, and Buller S. J. "Evaluation of Fungicides Applied Via Drip Irrigation for Control of Silver Scurf on Potato in Western Washington." Journal of Agricultural Studies 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2015): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v4i1.8646.

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Silver scurf is an economically important disease on potato tubers caused by Helminthosporium solani. Two studies were established near Mount Vernon, WA at Washington State University NWREC on 20 May 2011 and 21 May 2012 in Skagit silt loam soil. Five treatments included: penthiopyrad applied at 45 days after planting (dap), penthiopyrad applied at 60 dap, azoxystrobin (Quadris; 9 oz/acre) applied at 45 dap, and azoxystrobin applied at 60 dap, and a non-treated non-irrigated control. This study did not control for the effect of irrigation, as azoxystrobin- and penthiopyrad-treated plots were drip-irrigated while non-treated plots were not irrigated. The results of this study are therefore limited but do suggest a reduction in silver scurf incidence and severity with no significant impact on yield of potatoes when treated fungicide applied through drip irrigation systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mount Vernon'

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