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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Twidale, C. Rowland. "Paul S. Hossfeld and His Contribution to Geomorphology." Historical Records of Australian Science 23, no. 2 (2012): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr12006.

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The received wisdom was and is that landscapes cannot be more than a few millions of years old. Nevertheless, consideration of local geology and age of sediments in adjacent basins convinced Paul S. Hossfeld that the summit surface of low relief preserved on the northern Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia resulted from long-continued planation and that it is of Cretaceous age; that is, some 70 million years old. Hossfeld's apparently intuitive suggestion that very old landscapes exist, recorded in his graduate thesis but not further pursued by him, is the earliest known statement of this idea.

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2

Maier, NA, GE Barth, JS Cecil, WL Chvyl, and MN Bartetzko. "Effect of sampling time and leaf position on leaf nutrient composition of Protea 'Pink Ice'." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 2 (1995): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950275.

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Seasonal fluctuations in the concentrations of 12 nutrients were assessed over 3 years for Protea 'Pink Ice' in 3 plantings in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia. Nutrient concentrations in youngest fully expanded leaves (YFEL) generally showed strong seasonal trends, reflecting seasonal vegetative and flowering patterns. During May-August and December-February, YFEL concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) were relatively stable, making these suitable times for sampling. The effects of sampling error and leaf position were also determined. The error associated with our sampling procedure was within acceptable limits (coefficients of variation 45%) for N, P, K, Ca, magnesium (Mg), Na, S, and boron (B). Differences in nutrient composition between YFEL and YFEL - 1, YFEL - 2, YFEL + 1, YFEL + 2, and YFEL + 3 were of little practical significance. Nutrient removal by flowering stems and concentrations of nutrients in different fractions (bloom, stem + leaves, axillary shoots) of flowering stems were determined for each site. Nutrient concentrations in flowering stems were generally lower than in leaves. Nitrogen concentrations in axillary shoots and K concentrations in blooms were significantly higher than in other fractions. For preferred sampling times, seasonal trends showed that concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Na, S, Cu, and Fe were fairly stable over May-August. Similarly, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, S, Zn, and Mn were relatively stable during December-February, after completion of the spring vegetative flush.

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3

Speight, K. N., W. G. Breed, W. Boardman, D. A. Taggart, C. Leigh, B. Rich, and J. I. Haynes. "Leaf oxalate content of Eucalyptus spp. and its implications for koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with oxalate nephrosis." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 5 (2013): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13049.

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Oxalate nephrosis is a leading disease of the Mount Lofty Ranges koala population in South Australia, but the cause is unclear. In other herbivorous species, a common cause is high dietary oxalate; therefore this study aimed to determine the oxalate content of eucalypt leaves. Juvenile, semimature and mature leaves were collected during spring from eucalypt species eaten by koalas in the Mount Lofty Ranges and compared with those from Moggill, Queensland, where oxalate nephrosis has lower prevalence. Total oxalate was measured as oxalic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. The oxalate content of eucalypts was low (<1% dry weight), but occasional Mount Lofty leaf samples had oxalate levels of 4.68–7.51% dry weight. Mount Lofty eucalypts were found to be higher in oxalate than those from Queensland (P < 0.001). In conclusion, dietary oxalate in eucalypt leaves is unlikely to be the primary cause of oxalate nephrosis in the Mount Lofty koala population. However, occasional higher oxalate levels could cause oxalate nephrosis in individual koalas or worsen disease in those already affected. Further studies on the seasonal variation of eucalypt leaf oxalate are needed to determine its role in the pathogenesis of oxalate nephrosis in koalas.

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4

Speight, Natasha, Daniel Colella, Wayne Boardman, David A. Taggart, Julie I. Haynes, and William G. Breed. "Seasonal variation in occurrence of oxalate nephrosis in South Australian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 1 (2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17038.

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Many koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, are affected by oxalate nephrosis, in which renal calcium oxalate deposition occurs. In other species, suboptimal water intake increases the risk of urinary calcium oxalate crystal formation. Koalas principally rely on eucalypt leaf moisture content to maintain hydration but the Mount Lofty Ranges region has hot, dry summers. This study investigates the association between temperature, rainfall and eucalypt leaf moisture and the occurrence of oxalate nephrosis in this population of koalas. Koalas from the Mount Lofty Ranges population that had died or were euthanased between 2008 and 2016 were necropsied and oxalate nephrosis was determined by histopathology (n=50). Leaf moisture content of Mount Lofty eucalypts was determined seasonally. It was found that increased numbers of koalas with oxalate nephrosis died in the months following high mean maximal temperature and in the months following low rainfall. Eucalypt leaf moisture content was not significantly associated with koala deaths. These findings suggest that hot and dry summer/autumn periods contribute to an increased incidence of koala deaths due to oxalate nephrosis. This is probably due to the effects of evaporative water loss and/or lack of access to supplementary drinking water at this time.

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5

Maier, NA, G. Barth, and M. Bennell. "Effect of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus on the yield, growth and nutrient status of ixodia daisy (Ixodia achillaeioides ssp. alata)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 5 (1994): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940681.

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The effect of annual applications of nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) on the yield, growth and nutrient status of Ixodia daisy (Ixodia achillaeioides ssp. alata) grown on a silty loam, was investigated in field experiments conducted during 1989-91 in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The experimental design was a randomised block with 3 replications. The N and K treatments, at annual rates up to 200 kg N/ha and 150 kg K/ha, were applied as 2 equal side-dressings. The P treatments, at rates up to 200 kg/ha, were broadcast as 1 annual application. To assess plant nutrient status we sampled the fifth leaf below the growing terminal of 50 stems in October and whole stems at harvest. As rate of applied N increased, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in total biomass harvested, number of 3040 and 41-50 cm stems, total number of marketable stems, plant height and width. Annual N application rates of 75-110 kg/ha were required for 95% of maximum biomass yield and number of marketable stems. The application of K did not significantly (P>0.05) affect yield or plant growth. First and second order interactions between N, K and year were not significant. Plant growth and yield responses to P applied as superphosphate were inconsistent and the interaction between P and year was not significant (P>0.05). Coefficients of determination (r2) for relationships between N, K and P concentrations in the fifth leaf samples v. total biomass yield and total stem number, were in the range 0.13-0.52 for the combined 1990 and 1991 data. Based on sensitivity, reproducibility and occurrence of the Piper-Steenbjerg effect, we concluded that N, K or P concentrations in the fifth leaf sampled in October, or in whole stems at harvest, were not reliable indicators of the nutrient status of Ixodia daisy. The application of N and P did not affect the concentration of minor or micronutrients in the fifth leaf. In contrast, the application of K increased calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) concentrations by 14.3, 33.3 and 12.2%, respectively. For a high density planting (13,000 plants) we estimated that for N, P and K, 69.4, 6.2 and 83.2 kg/ha, respectively, are removed in marketable stems. The application of P increased extractable-P concentrations in the surface (0-15 cm) soil from 22 to 73 mg/kg. We suggest that for surface (0-15 cm) soils, extractable-P and extractable-K concentrations in the ranges 15-95 and 210-260 mg/kg, respectively, are adequate and indicate that a yield response to the application of these nutrients in fertiliser may not occur.

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6

Paull, D. "The distribution of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) in South Australia." Wildlife Research 22, no. 5 (1995): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950585.

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This paper describes the South Australian distribution of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) on the basis of records of its past occurrence and field surveys undertaken to determine its present distribution. Since European settlement I. o. obesulus has been recorded from four separate regions of the state: the Mount Lofty Ranges, the South East, Kangaroo Island and Eyre Peninsula. Subfossil remains show that I. o. obesulus also once occurred on Yorke Peninsula but there is no evidence that it has existed there in modem times. Field surveys conducted between 1986 and 1993 confirmed that I. o. obesulus still exists in the Mount Lofty Ranges, the South East and on Kangaroo Island. Its status on Eyre Peninsula is uncertain. Isoodon o. obesulus is vulnerable in the South East and Mount Lofty Ranges because of habitat fragmentation and predation by feral carnivores. The Kangaroo Island population is less threatened as large areas of habitat have been preserved and the fox (Vulpes vulpes) has not been introduced. The area of potential bandicoot habitat remaining in these three regions totals approximately 190 000 ha, most of which is already managed for nature conservation. This habitat is highly fragmented, occurring as small remnant patches of native vegetation separated by extensive tracts of cleared and modified land cover. The implications of this habitat configuration for the long-term survival of I. o. obesulus are discussed.

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7

Cecil, JS, GE Barth, NA Maier, WL Chvyl, and MN Bartetzko. "Leaf chemical composition and nutrient removal by stems of Leucadendron cvv. Silvan Red and Safari Sunset." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (1995): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950547.

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Chemical analysis was used to determine the concentrations of 12 nutrients in youngest fully expanded leaves (YFEL) of Leucadendron cvv. Silvan Red and Safari Sunset at 2 sites in the Mount Lofty Ranges. Leaves were sampled every month for 3 years, commencing in July 1990. The leaf nutrient data were used to define seasonal nutrient trends, thereby identifying the most suitable time for leaf analysis; to determine the magnitude of the differences in leaf nutrient composition between Leucadendron cultivars, and between Leucadendron and Protea hybrids; to calculate total nutrient removal by harvested stems, which can be used to formulate maintenance fertiliser programs; and to determine the correlations between nutrients. The seasonal increase in concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sodium (Na) in YFEL corresponded with the spring growth flush, after which concentrations decreased with time, particularly during summer and autumn. Concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were unstable during October-April and the seasonal trends were not consistent between sites or with other mobile nutrients (e.g. N, P, K). Concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), sulfur (S), and boron (B) at site 1 decreased early in the season, were lowest when vegetative flushing peaked, and tended to increase during autumn and winter. Seasonal variation in the main nutrients removed in marketable stems (i.e. N, Ca, K, Mg) was minimal during June-August. However, to assess the overall nutrient status of plantings, sampling in June is most suitable. Crop nutrient surveys conducted at this time, in conjunction with productivity and quality data, can be used to develop interpretation standards for leaf analysis. For all nutrients, the seasonal trends were similar for the 2 cultivars, but concentrations of Mn were consistently lower in YFEL of Silvan Red than Safari Sunset. In contrast to the small differences between cultivars, there were large differences in leaf nutrient composition between the Leucadendron cultivars and Protea 'Pink Ice'. For example, Mg, Na, and Mn concentrations were consistently lower, and N, K, Ca, and Fe higher, in YFEL of Pink Ice than in the Leucadendron cultivars. For these nutrients, different interpretation standards may be required for Leucadendron and Protea hybrids. The major nutrients removed in harvested stems were Na, N, Ca, K, and Mg. Based on nutrient uptake data alone, we suggest annual applications of N and Ca at 20-30 g/plant, and Mg and K at 10-15 g/plant, on acid sands. Significant (P<0.05) correlations were found between many nutrients. For example, N concentrations were positively correlated with P, K, Na, and Zn, and negatively correlated with Ca, Mg, and Fe concentrations. These significant relationships may indicate synergistic and antagonistic interactions between nutrients, which need to be considered when interpreting plant test data.

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8

LOTHIAN, ANDREW, and COLIN HARRIS. "Clearance of native vegetation in the Mount Lofty Ranges 1945-68." South Australian Geographical Journal 113, i_current (2014): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/sagj-2016-005.

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9

Speight, KN, P. Hicks, C. Graham, W. Boardman, WG Breed, E. Manthorpe, O. Funnell, and L. Woolford. "Necropsy findings of koalas from the Mount Lofty Ranges population in South Australia." Australian Veterinary Journal 96, no. 5 (April 24, 2018): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.12690.

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10

Szabo, Judit K., Peter A. Vesk, Peter W. J. Baxter, and Hugh P. Possingham. "Paying the extinction debt: woodland birds in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Emu - Austral Ornithology 111, no. 1 (March 2011): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu09114.

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11

Cooper, Malcolm. "THE MOUNT LOFTY RANGES REVIEW: TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS IN THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE." Australian Planner 28, no. 4 (December 1990): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1990.9657482.

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12

Morris, Rowena H., Ross A. Bradstock, Deirdre Dragovich, Meredith K. Henderson, Trent D. Penman, and Bertram Ostendorf. "Environmental assessment of erosion following prescribed burning in the Mount Lofty Ranges, Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, no. 1 (2014): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13011.

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Erosion following fire has the potential to affect water quality, alter soil profiles and detrimentally affect human infrastructure. There is a clear need for environmental assessments to have regard for erosion concerns from prescribed burning. This study focussed on 10 prescribed burns conducted in the Southern Mount Lofty Ranges. Generalised additive modelling was used to determine the main significant environmental variables influencing the presence of sediment movement at 505 field-assessed sites. Sediment movement after the 10 prescribed burns was minor. Fire severity was a highly significant environmental determinant for the presence of sediment movement after prescribed burning. To predict erosion concerns, a suite of environmental variables is more reliable than focusing solely on slope steepness, as occurred before this study. These results indicate that erosion assessments need to consider a range of environmental variables to assess potential erosion and that land managers and scientists need to incorporate spatial sampling designs into erosion assessments.

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13

Bourman, R. P., D. Banerjee, C. V. Murray-Wallace, S. Buckman, D. K. Panda, A. P. Belperio, and C. L. Jayawardena. "Luminescence dating of Quaternary alluvial successions, Sellicks Creek, South Mount Lofty Ranges, southern Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 67, no. 5 (February 24, 2020): 627–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2020.1722967.

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14

Guan, Huade, Craig T. Simmons, and Andrew J. Love. "Orographic controls on rain water isotope distribution in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia." Journal of Hydrology 374, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.018.

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15

Taylor, G. S. "THE GALL FORMING PSYLLOIDEA OF EUCALYPTUS OBLIQUA IN THE MOUNT LOFTY RANGES OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA." Australian Journal of Entomology 26, no. 3 (August 1987): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1987.tb00290.x.

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16

Lubiniecki, D. C., R. C. King, S. P. Holford, M. A. Bunch, S. B. Hore, and S. M. Hill. "Cenozoic structural evolution of the Mount Lofty Ranges and Flinders Ranges, South Australia, constrained by analysis of deformation bands." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 67, no. 8 (February 9, 2020): 1097–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2019.1695227.

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17

Rajabi, Mojtaba, Mark Tingay, Oliver Heidbach, David Belton, Natalie Balfour, and Betina Bendall. "New constraints on the neotectonic stress pattern of the Flinders and Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Exploration Geophysics 49, no. 1 (February 2018): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg16076.

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18

Rajabi, Mojtaba, Mark Tingay, Oliver Heidbach, David Belton, Natalie Balfour, and Betina Bendall. "New constraints on the neotectonic stress pattern of the Flinders and Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Exploration Geophysics 49, no. 1 (February 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg16076_co.

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19

Westphal, Michael I., Scott A. Field, and Hugh P. Possingham. "Optimizing landscape configuration: A case study of woodland birds in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Landscape and Urban Planning 81, no. 1-2 (May 2007): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.10.015.

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20

Anderson, Thomas A., Erick A. Bestland, Ilka Wallis, and Huade D. Guan. "Salinity balance and historical flushing quantified in a high-rainfall catchment (Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia)." Hydrogeology Journal 27, no. 4 (January 10, 2019): 1229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-01916-7.

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21

Merry, RH, KG Tiller, and AF Richards. "Variability in characteristics of some acidic pasture soils in South Australia and implications for lime application." Soil Research 28, no. 1 (1990): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900027.

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The variability of soil pH (0.01 M CaCI2), aluminium and manganese (extractable in 0.01 M CaCl2), total carbon and some soil morphological factors have been investigated in the surface and subsoil at seven pasture sites in the southern Mount Lofty Ranges and Kangaroo Island, South Australia. The coefficients of variation of the factors measured were found to be of a similar order, except for soil pH which, being a logarithmic transformation, is much lower. Relationships between pH and soil aluminium, manganese and carbon are used to predict the effects of further acidification, especially with respect to the development of increased extractable aluminium, and to assess the likelihood of problems in selecting appropriate rates of lime application.

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22

Funnell, Oliver, Lynley Johnson, Lucy Woolford, Wayne Boardman, Adam Polkinghorne, and David McLelland. "Conjunctivitis Associated with Chlamydia pecorum in Three Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49, no. 4 (October 2013): 1066–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2013-03-066.

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23

Buckman, Solomon, Katherine C. Brownlie, Robert P. Bourman, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, Rowena H. Morris, Terry J. Lachlan, Richard G. Roberts, Lee J. Arnold, and John H. Cann. "Holocene palaeofire records in a high-level, proximal valley-fill (Wilson Bog), Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Holocene 19, no. 7 (October 23, 2009): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683609340998.

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24

Varcoe, Jon, John A. van Leeuwen, David J. Chittleborough, James W. Cox, Ronald J. Smernik, and Anna Heitz. "Changes in water quality following gypsum application to catchment soils of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Organic Geochemistry 41, no. 2 (February 2010): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.09.010.

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25

Richards, Jenny, John Tibby, Cameron Barr, and Peter Goonan. "Effect of substrate type on diatom-based water quality assessments in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Hydrobiologia 847, no. 14 (June 1, 2020): 3077–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04316-9.

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26

Cartwright, I. "Changes in Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Metasediments During Regional-Metamorphic Crustal-Scale Fluid Flow, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 58A, no. 1 (1994): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.1.83.

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27

Yu, B., and CJ Rosewell. "Rainfall erosivity estimation using daily rainfall amounts for South Australia." Soil Research 34, no. 5 (1996): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960721.

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The rainfall erosivity model relating storm erosivity to daily rainfall amounts was tested for 4 sites in South Australia where seasonal rainfall erosivity is generally out of phase with seasonal rainfall because of the predominant winter rainfall. The model worked reasonably well, with the coefficient of efficiency varying from 0.54 to 0.77, and the average discrepancy between actual and estimated monthly distribution was no more than 3%. The model performance in the winter rainfall area is similar to that in the uniform and summer rainfall areas. A set of regional parameter values estimated using a combined dataset is recommended for other sites in the agricultural and viticultural areas of South Australia where the mean annual rainfall ranges from 300 to 500 mm. The R-factor and its seasonal distribution were estimated for 99 sites in South Australia using long-term daily rainfall data. The R-factor varies mostly between 250 and 500 MJ . mm/(ha . h . year). Rainfall erosivity peaks in winter in the southern part of the western agricultural area and the south-east corner of the State, while it peaks in summer in the inland area east of the South Flinders and Mount Lofty Ranges.

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28

Ward, Matthew J. "Patterns of box mistletoe Amyema miquelii infection and pink gum Eucalyptus fasciculosa condition in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 213, no. 1-3 (July 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.011.

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29

Mogoutnov, Alena, and Jackie Venning. "Remnant tree decline in agricultural regions of South Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 4 (2014): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140366.

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Agricultural landscapes in southern Australia were once dominated by temperate eucalypt woodlands of which only fragmented patches and scattered trees in paddocks remain. This study focuses on the decline of scattered trees in the Mount Lofty Ranges and South East agricultural regions of South Australia. A combination of digitized aerial photography and satellite imagery was used to extend a previous assessment of decline undertaken in the early 1980s and increase the period over which decline was assessed to 58–72 years. A total of 17 049 scattered trees were counted from the earliest time period assessed over 11 sites of which 6 185 trees were lost by 2008 — a 36 % decline. Recruitment of 2 179 trees during this period was evident. Imagery indicates that clearing for agricultural intensification is the primary cause of the decline. A range of management options and policy settings are required to reverse the decline notwithstanding the challenges of implementation at a landscape scale across privately owned land.

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30

VÖRÖS, JUDIT, SKYE WASSENS, LUKE PRICE, DAVID HUNTER, STEVEN MYERS, KYLE ARMSTRONG, MICHAEL J. MAHONY, and STEPHEN DONNELLAN. "Molecular systematic analysis demonstrates that the threatened southern bell frog, Litoria raniformis (Anura: Pelodryadidae) of eastern Australia, comprises two sub-species." Zootaxa 5228, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5228.1.1.

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In south-eastern Australia, the pelodryadid Litoria aurea Group (sensu Tyler & Davies 1978) comprises three species: Litoria aurea (Lesson, 1829), Litoria raniformis (Keferstein, 1867), and Litoria castanea (Steindachner, 1867). All three species have been subject to declines over recent decades and taxonomic uncertainty persists among populations on the tablelands in New South Wales. We address the systematics of the Group by analysing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to assess divergence in the Litoria raniformis from across its current range in New South Wales (NSW), Victoria, South Australia (SA) and Tasmania. We also included samples of Litoria castanea from a recently rediscovered population in the southern tablelands of NSW. Our phylogenetic and population genetic analyses show that Litoria raniformis comprises northern and southern lineages, showing deep mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence (7% net average sequence divergence) and can be diagnosed by fixed allelic differences at more than 4,000 SNP loci. Samples of the northern lineage were collected from the Murray-Darling Basin while those of the southern lineage were collected from south-eastern South Australia, southern and south-eastern Victoria and Tasmania. Analysis of the morphology and bioacoustics did not unequivocally delineate the two lineages. The presence of a hybrid backcross individual in western Victoria at the northern margin of the southern lineage, leads us to assign sub-species status to the two lineages, L. r. raniformis for the northern lineage and L. r. major for the southern lineage. Our data do not unequivocally resolve the taxonomic status of L. castanea which will require molecular genetic analyses of museum vouchers from those parts of the range where L. castanea and L. raniformis are no longer extant. Our data also suggest that human mediated movement of frogs may have occurred over the past 50 years. Our genotyping of vouchers collected in the 1970s from the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia detected mitochondrial haplotypes of both sub-species and SNP analysis showed that a single Tasmanian specimen was a backcross with L. r. raniformis ancestry. Movement of L. r. raniformis into Tasmania and both sub-species into the Mount Lofty Ranges are not likely due to passive movements of animals through agricultural commerce, but due to the attractiveness of the species as pets and subsequent escapes or releases, potentially of the larval life stage.

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31

BOURMAN, ROBERT P. "Deep Regolith Weathering on the Summit Surface of the Southern Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia: a Contribution to the ?Laterite? Debate." Geographical Research 45, no. 3 (September 2007): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00461.x.

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32

Biddle, DL, DJ Chittleborough, and RW Fitzpatrick. "Field-based comparison of platinum and wax impregnated graphite redox electrodes." Soil Research 33, no. 3 (1995): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950415.

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An inert electrode was constructed using wax-impregnated graphite (WIG) as an alternative to Pt for permanent installation in the regolith. The performance of WIG electrodes has not previously been systematically evaluated by using data from field trials, although Pt and WIG measure similar Eh values in laboratory solutions. We compared the performance of the WIG electrode when installed adjacent to Pt redox electrodes in the A, B and C horizons of duplex soils in a X-eralf-Aqualf toposequence near Mount Crawford in the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Lower potentials, commonly in the order of 200 mV, were measured from WIG electrodes, relative to Pt electrodes. Measurements of potential from adjacently installed WIG and Pt electrodes did not show significant correlation. Generally oxidizing redox potentials were measured in all soils in which electrodes were installed due to below average rainfall during the sampling period. Further testing of WIG electrodes in reduced regolith is needed. Interpretation of Eh trends, measured using Pt electrodes, between the A, B and C horizon are presented.

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33

Naidu, R., DR Williamson, RW Fitzpatrick, and IO Hollingsworth. "Effect of landuse on the composition of throughflow water immediately above clayey B horizons in the Warren Catchment, South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (1993): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930239.

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The effect of landuse on composition of throughflow water immediately above the clayey B horizons in duplex soils (mostly natric and/or sodic) in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, was investigated using simple lysimeters. During July-November 1991, the pH of the first flow immediately after rainstorm under pines, native woodland, and pasture, respectively, was 5.7, 6.0, and 6.4. At each of the sites, average pH over 4 months during July-November was 5.8-5.9. Both the electrical conductivity (EC) and the amounts of total dissolved solids (TDS) were 2-3 times higher under pine than at other sites. The rate of change in EC with respect to TDS varied considerably among the sites, possibly due to the large differences in the concentration of dissolved organic compounds. Although the pH of water was >5.5, both aluminium and iron were recorded, especially under pine, where there were also high levels of dissolved organic compounds. High levels of suspended colloidal matter were recorded in the water flowing under pine, and these levels were related to dissolved organic carbon.

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Fritsch, E., and RW Fitzpatrick. "Colour plates - Interpretation of soil features produced by ancient and modern processes in degraded landscapes .1. A new method for constructing conceptual soil-water-landscape models." Soil Research 32, no. 5 (1994): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940880.

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A pedo-hydrological method which involves interpreting features in soils that result from both ancient and modern processes along toposequences in a subcatchment of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, is used to construct conceptual soil-water-landscape models. This method links soil-landscape features to soil-water processes with strong emphasis on: (i) soil water-flow systems and (ii) soil-forming and soil-change processes. The conceptual model illustrates the interactions between soil processes acting in soil water-flow systems. This model is able to predict future modes of soil-landscape evolution under changing environmental conditions. As well, it may be used by land and water supply managers to develop more efficient management strategies under conditions of increasing land degradation (e.g. erosion and water pollution). A typical Palexeralf-Natraqualf hydro-toposequence of soils (i.e. catena consisting of red-yellow-grey duplex soils) is used as an example to illustrate this new approach. The landscape selected is undergoing severe soil degradation (i.e. waterlogging, dryland salinity, erosion and water pollution). The constructed conceptual soil-water-landscape model is the result of detailed pedo-hydrological investigations along toposequences in a representative subcatchment in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm) of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The model illustrates in graphic form interactions between three soil water-flow systems (freely drained red soil system, hydromorphic topsoil system, hydromorphic subsoil system) and eight soil processes (saprolitization, ferralitization, glaebulization, redoximorphism, eluviation/illuviation, salinization/solonization, sulfidization/sulfuricization and water erosion). The study demonstrates that this whole ecosystem has been placed into disequilibrium thereby developing severe land degradation problems as a result of rising saline sulfatic ground watertables and perched watertables due to land-clearing since European settlement. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology framework and overall summary for other papers in a series dealing essentially with detailed field and laboratory investigations of individual soil-water processes.

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Fritsch, E., and RW Fitzpatrick. "Interpretation of soil features produced by ancient and modern processes in degraded landscapes .1. A new method for constructing conceptual soil-water-landscape models." Soil Research 32, no. 5 (1994): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940889.

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A pedo-hydrological method which involves interpreting features in soils that result from both ancient and modern processes along toposequences in a subcatchment of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, is used to construct conceptual soil-water-landscape models. This method links soil-landscape features to soil-water processes with strong emphasis on: (i) soil water-flow systems and (ii) soil-forming and soil-change processes. The conceptual model illustrates the interactions between soil processes acting in soil water-flow systems. This model is able to predict future modes of soil-landscape evolution under changing environmental conditions. As well, it may be used by land and water supply managers to develop more efficient management strategies under conditions of increasing land degradation (e.g. erosion and water pollution). A typical Palexeralf-Natraqualf hydro-toposequence of soils (i.e. catena consisting of red-yellow-grey duplex soils) is used as an example to illustrate this new approach. The landscape selected is undergoing severe soil degradation (i.e. waterlogging, dryland salinity, erosion and water pollution). The constructed conceptual soil-water-landscape model is the result of detailed pedo-hydrological investigations along toposequences in a representative subcatchment in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm) of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The model illustrates in graphic form interactions between three soil water-flow systems (freely drained red soil system, hydromorphic topsoil system, hydromorphic subsoil system) and eight soil processes (saprolitization, ferralitization, glaebulization, redoximorphism, eluviation/illuviation, salinization/solonization, sulfidization/sulfuricization and water erosion). The study demonstrates that this whole ecosystem has been placed into disequilibrium thereby developing severe land degradation problems as a result of rising saline sulfatic ground watertables and perched watertables due to land-clearing since European settlement. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology framework and overall summary for other papers in a series dealing essentially with detailed field and laboratory investigations of individual soil-water processes.

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Butcher, RG, LM Pettett, J. Fabijan, E. Ebrahimie, M. Mohammadi‐Dehcheshmeh, KN Speight, WSJ Boardman, PS Bird, and DJ Trott. "Periodontal disease in free‐ranging koalas ( Phascolarctos cinereus ) from the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, and its association with koala retrovirus infection." Australian Veterinary Journal 98, no. 5 (January 23, 2020): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.12919.

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Thoma, K. "A study of tillage systems for vegetable production and their effect on downstream water quality in the mount lofty ranges, South Australia." Environmental Technology 12, no. 12 (December 1991): 1157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593339109385116.

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38

Dymoke, Peter, and Michael Sandiford. "Phase relationships in Buchan facies series pelitic assemblages: calculations with application to andalusite-staurolite parageneses in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 110, no. 1 (March 1992): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00310886.

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Daniels, Christopher B., and Kym Good. "Building resilience to natural, climate and anthropocentric change in the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges region: a natural resources management board perspective." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 139, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2015.1035218.

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40

PERKINS, PHILIP D. "A revision of the Australian humicolous and hygropetric water beetle genus Tympanogaster Perkins, and comparative morphology of the Meropathina (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 1346, no. 1 (October 30, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1346.1.1.

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The Australian endemic humicolous and hygropetric water beetle genus Tympanogaster Perkins, 1979, is revised, based on the study of 7,280 specimens. The genus is redescribed, and redescriptions are provided for T. cornuta (Janssens), T. costata (Deane), T. deanei Perkins, T. macrognatha (Lea), T. novicia (Blackburn), T. obcordata (Deane), T. schizolabra (Deane), and T. subcostata (Deane). Lectotypes are designated for Ochthebius labratus Deane, 1933, and Ochthebius macrognathus Lea, 1926. Ochthebius labratus Deane, 1933, is synonymized with Ochthebius novicius Blackburn, 1896. Three new subgenera are described: Hygrotympanogaster new subgenus (type species Tympanogaster (Hygrotympanogaster) maureenae new species; Topotympanogaster new subgenus (type species Tympanogaster (Topotympanogaster) crista new species; and Plesiotympanogaster new genus (type species Tympanogaster (Plesiotympanogaster) thayerae new species. Seventy-six new species are described, and keys to the subgenera, species groups, and species are given. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (online version in color), and geographic distributions are mapped. Male genitalia, representative spermathecae and representative mouthparts are illustrated. Scanning electron micrographs of external morphological characters of adults and larvae are presented. Selected morphological features of the other members of the subtribe Meropathina, Meropathus Enderlein and Tympallopatrum Perkins, are illustrated and compared with those of Tympanogaster. Species of Tympanogaster are typically found in the relict rainforest patches in eastern Australia. Most species have very limited distributions, and relict rainforest patches often have more than one endemic species. The only species currently known from the arid center of Australia, T. novicia, has the widest distribution pattern, ranging into eastern rainforest patches. There is a fairly close correspondence between subgenera and microhabitat preferences. Members of Tympanogaster (s. str.) live in the splash zone, usually on stream boulders, or on bedrock stream margins. The majority of T. (Hygrotympanogaster) species live in the hygropetric zone at the margins of waterfalls, or on steep rockfaces where water is continually trickling; a few rare species have been collected from moss in Nothofagus rainforests. Species of T. (Plesiotympanogaster) have been found in both hygropetric microhabitats and in streamside moss. The exact microhabitats of T. (Topotympanogaster) are unknown, but the morphology of most species suggests non-aquatic habits; most specimens have been collected in humicolous microhabitats, by sifting rainforest debris, or were taken in flight intercept traps. Larvae of hygropetric species are often collected with adults. These larvae have tube-like, dorsally positioned, mesothoracic spiracles that allow the larvae to breathe while under a thin film of water. The key morphological differences between larvae of Tympanogaster (s. str.) and those of Tympanogaster (Hygrotympanogaster) are illustrated. New species of Tympanogaster are: T. (s. str.) aldinga (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek), T. (s. str.) amaroo (New South Wales, Back Creek, downstream of Moffatt Falls), T. (s. str.) ambigua (Queensland, Cairns), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) arcuata (New South Wales, Kara Creek, 13 km NEbyE of Jindabyne), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) atroargenta (Victoria, Possum Hollow falls, West branch Tarwin River, 5.6 km SSW Allambee), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) barronensis (Queensland, Barron Falls, Kuranda), T. (s. str.) bluensis (New South Wales, Blue Mountains), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) bondi (New South Wales, Bondi Heights), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) bryosa (New South Wales, New England National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) buffalo (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) canobolas (New South Wales, Mount Canobolas Park), T. (s. str.) cardwellensis (Queensland, Cardwell Range, Goddard Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) cascadensis (New South Wales, Cascades Campsite, on Tuross River), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) clandestina (Victoria, Grampians National Park, Golton Gorge, 7.0 km W Dadswells Bridge), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) clypeata (Victoria, Grampians National Park, Golton Gorge, 7.0 km W Dadswells Bridge), T. (s. str.) cooloogatta (New South Wales, New England National Park, Five Day Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) coopacambra (Victoria, Beehive Falls, ~2 km E of Cann Valley Highway on 'WB Line'), T. (Topotympanogaster) crista (Queensland, Mount Cleveland summit), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) cudgee (New South Wales, New England National Park, 0.8 km S of Pk. Gate), T. (s. str.) cunninghamensis (Queensland, Main Range National Park, Cunningham's Gap, Gap Creek), T. (s. str.) darlingtoni (New South Wales, Barrington Tops), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) decepta (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park), T. (s. str.) dingabledinga (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), T. (s. str.) dorrigoensis (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), T. (Topotympanogaster) dorsa (Queensland, Windin Falls, NW Mount Bartle-Frere), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) duobifida (Victoria, 0.25 km E Binns, Hill Junction, adjacent to Jeeralang West Road, 4.0 km S Jeerelang), T. (s. str.) eungella (Queensland, Finch Hatton Gorge), T. (Topotympanogaster) finniganensis (Queensland, Mount Finnigan summit), T. (s. str.) foveova (New South Wales, Border Ranges National Park, Brindle Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) grampians (Victoria, Grampians National Park, Epacris Falls, 2.5 km WNW Halls Gap), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) gushi (New South Wales, Mount Canobolas Park), T. (s. str.) hypipamee (Queensland, Mount Hypipamee National Park, Barron River headwaters below Dinner Falls), T. (s. str.) illawarra (New South Wales, Macquarie Rivulet Falls, near Wollongong), T. (Topotympanogaster) intricata (Queensland, Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 km W Mossman), T. (s. str.) jaechi (Queensland, Running Creek, along road between Mount Chinghee National Park and Border Ranges National Park), T. (Topotympanogaster) juga (Queensland, Mount Lewis summit), T. kuranda (Queensland, Barron Falls, Kuranda), T. (s. str.) lamingtonensis (Queensland, Lamington National Park, Lightening Creek), T. (s. str.) magarra (New South Wales, Border Ranges National Park, Brindle Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) maureenae (New South Wales, Back Creek, Moffatt Falls, ca. 5 km W New England National Park boundary), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) megamorpha (Victoria, Possum Hollow falls, W br. Tarwin River, 5.6 km SSW Allambee), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) merrijig (Victoria, Merrijig), T. (s. str.) millaamillaa (Queensland, Millaa Millaa), T. modulatrix (Victoria, Talbot Creek at Thomson Valley Road, 4.25 km WSW Beardmore), T. (Topotympanogaster) monteithi (Queensland, Mount Bartle Frere), T. moondarra (New South Wales, Border Ranges National Park, Brindle Creek), T. (s. str.) mysteriosa (Queensland), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) nargun (Victoria, Deadcock Den, on Den of Nargun Creek, Mitchell River National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) newtoni (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park), T. (s. str.) ovipennis (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls), T. (s. str.) pagetae (New South Wales, Back Creek, downstream of Moffatt Falls), T. (Topotympanogaster) parallela (Queensland, Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 km W Mossman), T. (s. str.) perpendicula (Queensland, Mossman Bluff Track, 5–10 km W Mossman), T. plana (Queensland, Cape Tribulation), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) porchi (Victoria, Tarra-Bulga National Park, Tarra Valley Road, 1.5 km SE Tarra Falls), T. (s. str.) precariosa (New South Wales, Leycester Creek, 4 km. S of Border Ranges National Park), T. (s. str.) protecta (New South Wales, Leycester Creek, 4 km. S of Border Ranges National Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) punctata (Victoria, Mount Buffalo National Park, Eurobin Creek), T. (s. str.) ravenshoensis (Queensland, Ravenshoe State Forest, Charmillan Creek, 12 km SE Ravenshoe), T. (s. str.) robinae (New South Wales, Back Creek, downstream of Moffatt Falls), T. (s. str.) serrata (Queensland, Natural Bridge National Park, Cave Creek), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) spicerensis (Queensland, Spicer’s Peak summit), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) storeyi (Queensland, Windsor Tableland), T. (Topotympanogaster) summa (Queensland, Mount Elliott summit), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) tabula (New South Wales, Mount Canobolas Park), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) tallawarra (New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, Cedar Falls), T. (s. str.) tenax (New South Wales, Salisbury), T. (Plesiotympanogaster) thayerae (Tasmania, Liffey Forest Reserve at Liffey River), T. (s. str.) tora (Queensland, Palmerston National Park), T. trilineata (New South Wales, Sydney), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) truncata (Queensland, Tambourine Mountain), T. (s. str.) volata (Queensland, Palmerston National Park, Learmouth Creek, ca. 14 km SE Millaa Millaa), T. (Hygrotympanogaster) wahroonga (New South Wales, Wahroonga), T. (s. str.) wattsi (New South Wales, Blicks River near Dundurrabin), T. (s. str.) weiri (New South Wales, Allyn River, Chichester State Forest), T. (s. str.) wooloomgabba (New South Wales, New England National Park, Five Day Creek).

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41

Collard, Stuart, Andrew Fisher, Trevor Hobbs, and Craig Neumann. "Indicators of biodiversity and carbon storage in remnant and planted vegetation in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia: lessons for ‘biodiverse’ plantings." Ecological Management & Restoration 14, no. 2 (May 2013): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12039.

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42

Cartwright, Ian, Julie Vry, and Michael Sandiford. "Changes in stable isotope ratios of metapelites and marbles during regional metamorphism, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia: implications for crustal scale fluid flow." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 120, no. 3-4 (July 1995): 292–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00306509.

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Cartwright, I., Julie Vry, and Michael Sandiford. "Changes in stable isotope ratios of metapelites and marbles during regional metamorphism, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia: implications for crustal scale fluid flow." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 120, no. 3-4 (July 31, 1995): 292–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050076.

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44

Stephenson, Tamsyn, Natasha Speight, Wai Yee Low, Lucy Woolford, Rick Tearle, and Farhid Hemmatzadeh. "Molecular Diagnosis of Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Animals 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051477.

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Koala retrovirus, a recent discovery in Australian koalas, is endogenised in 100% of northern koalas but has lower prevalence in southern populations, with lower proviral and viral loads, and an undetermined level of endogenisation. KoRV has been associated with lymphoid neoplasia, e.g., lymphoma. Recent studies have revealed high complexity in southern koala retroviral infections, with a need to clarify what constitutes positive and negative cases. This study aimed to define KoRV infection status in Mount Lofty Ranges koalas in South Australia using RNA-seq and proviral analysis (n = 216). The basis for positivity of KoRV was deemed the presence of central regions of the KoRV genome (gag 2, pol, env 1, and env 2) and based on this, 41% (89/216) koalas were positive, 57% (124/216) negative, and 2% inconclusive. These genes showed higher expression in lymph node tissue from KoRV positive koalas with lymphoma compared with other KoRV positive koalas, which showed lower, fragmented expression. Terminal regions (LTRs, partial gag, and partial env) were present in SA koalas regardless of KoRV status, with almost all (99.5%, 215/216) koalas positive for gag 1 by proviral PCR. Further investigation is needed to understand the differences in KoRV infection in southern koala populations.

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45

Li, You, Melanie L. Lancaster, Susan M. Carthew, Jasmin G. Packer, and Steven J. B. Cooper. "Delineation of conservation units in an endangered marsupial, the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus), in South Australia/western Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 5 (2014): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14038.

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Conservation programs for threatened species are greatly benefiting from genetic data, for their power in providing knowledge of dispersal/gene flow across fragmented landscapes and for identifying populations of high conservation value. The endangered southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) has a disjunct distribution range in South Australia, raising the possibility that populations of the subspecies may represent distinct conservation units. In the current study, we used a combination of 14 microsatellite and two mitochondrial sequence markers to investigate the phylogeography and population structure of I. o. obesulus in South Australia and south-western Victoria, with the aim of identifying any potential evolutionarily significant units and management units relevant to conservation management. Our phylogenetic/population analyses supported the presence of two distinct evolutionary lineages of I. o. obesulus. The first lineage comprised individuals from the Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. A second lineage comprised individuals from the south-east of South Australia and south-western Victoria. We propose that these two lineages represent distinct evolutionarily significant units and should be managed separately for conservation purposes. The findings also raise significant issues for the national conservation status of I. o. obesulus and suggest that the current subspecies classification needs further investigation.

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Christidis, L., and R. Schodde. "Genetic Differentiation in the White-Browed Scrubwren (Sericornis-Frontalis) Complex (Aves, Acanthizidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 6 (1991): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910709.

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Genetic variation among the principal members of the white-browed scrubwren (Sericornis frontalis) complex was assessed by protein electrophoresis. A total of 31 enzyme systems, representing 49 presumptive loci, was screened electrophoretically and analysed by conventional genetic distance measures. Differentiation equivalent to species level was recorded between the Tasmanian form humilis and allotaxa on the Australian mainland. Among mainland forms (laevigaster in the north-east, nominotypical frontalis in the south-east and maculatus in the south-west) differentiation was at a much lower order, equivalent to that between subspecies. The small sample of frontalis isolated in the Mt Lofty Ranges (rosinae), nevertheless, exhibited marked divergence in proteins. Changes in alleles at the aldolase locus confirm that laevigaster and nominotypical frontalis intergrade secondarily, but between 27-degrees-S. (Brisbane-Dalby) and 23-degrees-S. (Rockhampton-Emerald), well to the north of previously postulated zones of introgression.

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BAKER, G. H., V. J. BARRETT, R. GREY-GARDNER, and J. C. BUCKERFIELD. "The life history and abundance of the introduced earthworms Aporrectodea trapezoides and A. caliginosa (Annelida: Lumbricidae) in pasture soils in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia." Austral Ecology 17, no. 2 (June 1992): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1992.tb00796.x.

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48

Stephenson, Tamsyn, Ken Lee, Joanna E. Griffith, David J. McLelland, Anthony Wilkes, Philip S. Bird, Darren J. Trott, K. Natasha Speight, Farhid Hemmatzadeh, and Lucy Woolford. "Pulmonary Actinomycosis in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Veterinary Pathology 58, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985820973459.

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Pneumonia has been reported in both free-ranging and captive koalas and a number of causative agents have been described. Between 2016 and 2019, 16 free-ranging and 1 captive koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus) from the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia were identified with pyogranulomatous lobar pneumonia, which involved the left caudal lobe in 14/17 (82%) cases. Within lesions, numerous gram-positive or gram-variable, non-acid-fast filamentous bacteria were observed in association with Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. Culture yielded growth of anaerobic bacteria, which were unidentifiable by MALDI-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) analysis in 5/5 cases. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene identified a novel Actinomyces species in 4 samples, confirming a diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis. Concurrent examination of resin lung casts from healthy koalas suggested greater laminar flow of air to the left caudal lung lobe in koalas. Actinomyces spp. have been reported as commensals of the oral microbiome in other species, and an association with similar pulmonary lesions in other species. Considering the predilection for involvement of the left caudal lung lobe, aspiration is suggested as the likely cause in some cases of pulmonary actinomycosis in koalas. Pulmonary actinomycosis has not been previously described in koalas and further work needs to be undertaken in order to classify this organism within the Actinomyces genus.

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Faast, Renate, and José M. Facelli. "Grazing orchids: impact of florivory on two species of Caladenia (Orchidaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 4 (2009): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08140.

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Herbivory is considered a major threat in many of the orchid-species recovery plans in Australia. Kangaroos and rabbits are the most commonly implicated herbivores; however, no studies have attempted to confirm their role. Regular monitoring of several populations of Caladenia rigida R.S.Rogers and C. tentaculata Schldl. during 3 years in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, revealed that up to 94% of flowers and 36% of seed capsules were browsed, whereas leaf herbivory was less prevalent. Furthermore, patterns of herbivory varied markedly among sites and across years. In two seasons, predation of C. rigida flowers inside a kangaroo- and rabbit-proof exclosure was equal to or higher than outside the exclosure. Florivory within populations was influenced by proximity to the habitat edge, although the direction of this response differed among sites. Various types of mesh cages were erected around plants to elucidate the size and type of herbivores. Plants protected from florivores were almost three times more likely to produce seed than were exposed plants; however, some cage types reduced pollination. Video surveillance confirmed the role of the white-winged chough, Corcorax melanorhamphos, as a florivore. The present study is the first one to identify a herbivore unequivocally, quantify the intensity and extent of floral herbivory across a range of populations, and assess the potential cost of florivory to the direct reproductive output of orchids.

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Abiodun, Olanrewaju O., Huade Guan, Vincent E. A. Post, and Okke Batelaan. "Comparison of MODIS and SWAT evapotranspiration over a complex terrain at different spatial scales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 5 (May 8, 2018): 2775–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2775-2018.

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Abstract. In most hydrological systems, evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation are the largest components of the water balance, which are difficult to estimate, particularly over complex terrain. In recent decades, the advent of remotely sensed data based ET algorithms and distributed hydrological models has provided improved spatially upscaled ET estimates. However, information on the performance of these methods at various spatial scales is limited. This study compares the ET from the MODIS remotely sensed ET dataset (MOD16) with the ET estimates from a SWAT hydrological model on graduated spatial scales for the complex terrain of the Sixth Creek Catchment of the Western Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. ET from both models was further compared with the coarser-resolution AWRA-L model at catchment scale. The SWAT model analyses are performed on daily timescales with a 6-year calibration period (2000–2005) and 7-year validation period (2007–2013). Differences in ET estimation between the SWAT and MOD16 methods of up to 31, 19, 15, 11 and 9 % were observed at respectively 1, 4, 9, 16 and 25 km2 spatial resolutions. Based on the results of the study, a spatial scale of confidence of 4 km2 for catchment-scale evapotranspiration is suggested in complex terrain. Land cover differences, HRU parameterisation in AWRA-L and catchment-scale averaging of input climate data in the SWAT semi-distributed model were identified as the principal sources of weaker correlations at higher spatial resolution.

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