Journal articles on the topic 'Motor vehicles'
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Zainuri, Fuad, Muhammad Hidayat Tullah, Sonki Prasetya, Iwan Susanto, Dewin Purnama, Rahmat Subarkah, Tia Ramiati, Widiyatmoko, and Rahmat Noval. "Electric Vehicle Conversion Study for Sustainable Transport." Recent in Engineering Science and Technology 1, no. 02 (April 1, 2023): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.59511/riestech.v1i02.15.
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The conversion of conventional motor vehicles to electric vehicles has become a popular choice in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution from transportation. Electric vehicle conversion involves replacing a gasoline or diesel engine with an electric motor and a reinstalled battery. In this paper, we cover the basics of electric vehicle conversion, conversion methods, and trial results of converted electric vehicles. We also discuss the benefits and challenges of converting to electric vehicles. Some keywords related to this topic include: electric vehicles, vehicle conversion, electric motors, batteries, sustainable transportation.
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Zhu, Qing. "Speed regulation of electric vehicle motor based on PID control." Theoretical and Natural Science 9, no. 1 (November 13, 2023): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/9/20240723.
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Electric vehicles, as a new technological advancement in the automotive industry for addressing energy and environmental issues, have become a hot topic in both domestic and international car development. The electric vehicle generator, which plays a crucial role, is a key component of electric vehicles. The Alternating Current (AC) motor in electric vehicles is highly efficient and widely used in various fields. Therefore, studying AC motors holds significant theoretical and practical significance. This article first explains the car model and the principle of the electric motor, followed by an analysis of the ProportionalIntegralDerivative (PID) principle. Finally, through PID control, the simulation of the electric vehicle's speed is conducted to achieve better stability and economy. The experiments demonstrate that by improving the phase margin and stability of the lag compensator and feedback loop system, the driving comfort and practicality of electric vehicles can be effectively enhanced.
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NIZIŃSKI, Stanisław, and Włodzimierz KUPICZ. "MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY CONTROL OF MILITARY MOTOR VEHICLES." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 160, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.2996.
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The paper presents the essence of the maintenance and safety of military vehicles with the use ofrules, methods and devices of technical diagnostics. Within the system of motor vehicles maintenance,the subsystems of maintenance performance and maintenance control are distinguished.The notion of the logistic supersystem of motor vehicles is introduced.The article presents an algorithm for diagnosing and evaluating the safety of motor vehiclesin combat. It has been suggested that one should always diagnose the following system:the vehicle – the crew – the environment. It has also been emphasised that there is a need todevelop technologies to diagnose and maintain motor vehicles.
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Syamaidzar, Ahmad Luqyanto, Christian Felix Putra Padang, I. Nyoman Satya Kumara, and Raka Agung I Gusti Agung Putu. "ANALISIS SPESIFIKASI TEKNIS SISTEM PENGEMUDIAN ELEKTRIK PADA KENDARAAN LISTRIK BERBASIS BATERAI KOMERSIAL POPULER." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2024.v11.i01.p8.
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The increase in the number of motor vehicles in Indonesia has elevated the negative impact on the environment, both in terms of air pollution and global warming. According to the Ministry of Transportation (Kemhub), the number of motor vehicles in Indonesia reached 141.99 million units in 2021. The electrification of motor vehicles is one of the solutions to reduce emissions from the motor vehicle sector. This is supported by Presidential Regulation No. 55/2019 to stimulate the growth of the national battery-based electric vehicle (BEV) industry. This paper reviews battery-based electric vehicle (BEV) technology worldwide, especially four-wheeled vehicles with a high total population. The research was conducted through online surveys in 2023 using international data sources and the Association of Indonesian Automotive Industries (GAIKINDO), resulting in a database of 33 battery-based electric vehicles. From this database, it was found that the majority of electric cars purchased by the public are hatchback and sport utility vehicle (SUV) types. In terms of electric drive systems, the power capacity range of electric motors used by these vehicles is between 20 - 150 kW for hatchbacks and 100 - 406 kW for SUVs. The most commonly used electric motor type, constituting about 64%, is the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). About 70% of these vehicles use lithium-ion battery technology. The technical specifications of these popular electric cars are expected to assist stakeholders in quickly understanding the technical specifications of electric drive systems in battery-based electric vehicles, serving as a benchmark for designing electric cars suitable to meet domestic needs.
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Zulkifli, Saiful A., Syaifuddin Mohd, Nordin B. Saad, and A. Rashid A. Aziz. "Impact of Motor Size & Efficiency on Acceleration, Fuel Consumption & Emissions of Split-Axle Through-the-Road Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.498.
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A split-axle parallel hybrid drive-train with in-wheel motors allows for existing combustion-engine-driven vehicles to be converted into a hybrid vehicle with minor mechanical modification, resulting in a retrofit-conversion hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). This is achieved by placing electric motors in the hub of the otherwise non-driven wheels. Due to the wheel hub’s size constraint, the allowable size and power of the electric in-wheel motor that can be installed is severely restricted to less than 10 kW per wheel, which raises the concern of lack of improved performance compared to the original vehicle. This work analyzes the influence of motor sizing and efficiency on acceleration performance, fuel consumption and emission levels of three different converted hybrid vehicles, through simulation. Results provide insight into sensitivity of different-sized vehicles with varying-size engines, to the size and efficiency of the retrofitted electric motor.
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Jiang, Fuhuai, Mengyuan Dong, Yuezhen Fan, and Qingchun Wang. "Research on Motor Speed Control Method Based on the Prevention of Vehicle Rollover." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 15, 2022): 3609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103609.
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Vehicle driving safety is an important performance indicator for vehicles, and there is still much room for development in the active safety control of electric vehicles. Vehicles are susceptible to rollover when making sharp turns or overtaking at high speed. In order to improve the anti-rollover stability of electric vehicles (EV), this study proposes a real-time motor control strategy, mainly according to the acquisition of vehicle attitude data and real-time monitoring of the vehicle’s operating state. The lateral load transfer rate was defined as the vehicle rollover evaluation index. When the real-time rollover indicator exceeded the limit safety threshold this article set, the motor speed would be reduced through active control to avoid rollover or reduce the risk of rollover. Both simulation results in Carsim and Simulink showed that the motor control strategy is highly reliable and real-time capable, and the active safety of EV was improved significantly.
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Li, Mei, Jie Xu, Zelong Wang, and Shuaihang Liu. "Optimization of the Semi-Active-Suspension Control of BP Neural Network PID Based on the Sparrow Search Algorithm." Sensors 24, no. 6 (March 8, 2024): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24061757.
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Electric vehicles with hub motors have integrated the motor into the wheel, which increase the unsprung mass of the vehicle, and intensifies the vibration of the underspring components. The motor excitation during driving also intensifies the wheel vibration. The coupling effect between the two makes the performance of electric vehicles deteriorate. The article employed a disc-type permanent-magnet motor as the hub motor, taking into consideration the increase in sprung mass caused by the hub motor and the adverse effects of vertical vibration from motor excitation. Based on random road-surface excitation, and considering the secondary excitation caused by wheel motor drive and vehicle-road coupling, a coupled-dynamics model of a semi-active-suspension vehicle-road system for vertical vehicle motion is investigated under multiple excitations. Using body acceleration, suspension deflection, and dynamic tire load as evaluation indicators, a BP neural network PID controller based on the sparrow search algorithm optimization is proposed for the semi-active-suspension system. Compared with PID control and particle swarm optimization (PSO-BPNN-PID), the research findings indicate that the optimized semi-active suspension significantly improves the ride comfort of hub-motor electric vehicles, and meets the requirements for control performance under different vehicle driving conditions.
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Pratama, Agung Yusuf, Muhammad Ridwan Lubis, Anjar Wanto, Indra Gunawan, and Ika Okta Kirana. "Penggunaan Sistem GPS Untuk Keamanan Kendaraan Dengan Kontrol SMS Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Arduino." BEES: Bulletin of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 2, no. 1 (July 27, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bees.v2i1.803.
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Motor vehicle theft cases still often occur around us, this happens because there is still a lack of security systems in motorized vehicles that only use ignition keys and key covers, where the weakness of standard security systems like this has been understood by perpetrators of motor vehicle theft. to perform the action. The need for additional security systems is felt to be very necessary, in order to avoid the occurrence of motor vehicle theft. To overcome all this, a motor vehicle security system was created using SMS with an Arduino-based GPS tracking method, to create a GPS Tracker that can control vehicles via SMS (short message service) that can track or assist the vehicle's position using the Arduino Uno GPS (global positioning system). , SIM 800L. If the vehicle is lost, the owner can be tracked only by SMS to the number that has been programmed on the Arduino uno to prevent and make it easier to get back a stolen motor vehicle.
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Jin, Chili. "Current Status and Prospects of Electric Motor Applications for Electric Vehicles." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 37 (March 18, 2023): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v37i.6074.
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Nowadays, with the global pursuit of zero emissions, the trend of automobile electrification is very rapid. The drive motor is the core component of electric vehicles, which has an important impact on the working life and performance of electric vehicles. Therefore, all major manufacturers are trying to find and develop better and more efficient motors. At present, the research on driving motor has become a hot issue in the field of electric vehicles, attracting many scholars to carry out a lot of research work. This paper analyzes four common driving motors in the market, discusses their structure, principle and performance, and lists their advantages and disadvantages for comparison. Then it describes the development status of various types of motors and their applications in electric vehicles, and introduces the prospects of electric vehicle motors and suggestions for improvement of switched reluctance motors.
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Fu, Qiang. "A DSP-Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control System for Hybrid Vehicles." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (July 4, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1996502.
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Compared with other motors, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is small and occupies less space. At the same time, its weight is relatively light, so it is more in line with the development trend of hybrid electric vehicle (EV) drive motor lightweight miniaturization and has been widely used. This article studies a DSP-controlled PMSM control system for hybrid vehicles. Firstly, the motor drive control system is mainly controlled by DSP2812 chip. Then, a maximum torque current ratio control method was proposed to optimize the energy efficiency of hybrid vehicles based on PMSM. The longitudinal dynamic model of the moving hybrid vehicle was obtained by force analysis. Combined with the basic equation of PMSM and the transmission system of the hybrid vehicle, the mathematical model of PMSM-EV was established. The experimental results show that the maximum torque current ratio control method applied to hybrid vehicles can effectively reduce the loss, improve the efficiency and dynamic performance, and solve the endurance problem of hybrid vehicles to a certain extent. This advantage is significant in the dynamic acceleration and deceleration of hybrid vehicles.
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Robertson, Leon S. "Motor Vehicles." Pediatric Clinics of North America 32, no. 1 (February 1985): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34758-7.
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Kresnanto, Nindyo Cahyo. "Model Pertumbuhan Sepeda Motor Berdasarkan Produk Dosmetik Regional Bruto (PRDB) Perkapita (Studi Kasus Pulau Jawa)." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 25, no. 1 (August 10, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v25i1.18585.
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The number and growth of vehicles, is a separate issue associated with sustainable transportation. In 2014, recorded vehicle election in Indonesia reached more than 448 vehicles per 1,000 people. And specifically, for motorcycles reach 365 vehicles per 1,000 people. The growth of motor vehicles is significantly influenced by economic growth (measured by Gross Domestic Product - RGDP). When compared with motor vehicle growth, it can be concluded that the high growth rate of motor vehicles at the end of this decade actually impact on the decrease of RGDP. To see the trend between economic growth represented by RGDP and the growth of motor vehicle (motorcycle) needs a model. Motor vehicle growth model in Java can be approached with Gompertz function. This function is a negative exponential function with asymptote used is the highest value of motor vehicle ownership in DKI Jakarta Province is 1,299 motorcycles per 1,000 people.
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Gan, Jing, Xiaobin Fan, Zeng Song, Mingyue Zhang, and Bin Zhao. "Power Test System Development and Dynamic Performance State Estimation Based on Hub Motor Vehicle." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797613666200131143626.
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Background: The power performance of an electric vehicle is the basic parameter. Traditional test equipment, such as the expensive chassis dynamometer, not only increases the cost of testing but also makes it impossible to measure all the performance parameters of an electric vehicle. Objective: A set of convenient, efficient and sensitive power measurement system for electric vehicles is developed to obtain the real-time power changes of hub-motor vehicles under various operating conditions, and the dynamic performance parameters of hub-motor vehicles are obtained through the system. Methods: Firstly, a set of on-board power test system is developed by using virtual instrument (Lab- VIEW). This test system can obtain the power changes of hub-motor vehicles under various operating conditions in real-time and save data in real-time. Then, the driving resistance of hub-motor vehicles is analyzed, and the power performance of hub-motor vehicles is studied in depth. The power testing system is proposed to test the input power of both ends of the driving motor, and the chassis dynamometer is combined to test so that the output efficiency of the driving motor can be easily obtained without disassembly. Finally, this method is used to carry out the road test and obtain the vehicle dynamic performance parameters. Results: The real-time current, voltage and power, maximum power, acceleration time and maximum speed of the vehicle can be obtained accurately by using the power test system in the real road experiment. Conclusion: The maximum power required by the two motors reaches about 9KW, and it takes about 20 seconds to reach the maximum speed. The total power required to maintain the maximum speed is about 7.8kw, and the maximum speed is 62km/h. In this article, various patents have been discussed.
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Xu, Xiaowei, Xue Qiao, Nan Zhang, Jingyi Feng, and Xiaoqing Wang. "Review of intelligent fault diagnosis for permanent magnet synchronous motors in electric vehicles." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 7 (July 2020): 168781402094432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020944323.
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Permanent magnet synchronous motors are the main power output components of electric vehicles. Once a failure occurs, it will affect the vehicle’s power, stability, and safety. While as a complex field-circuit coupling system composed of machine-electric-magnetic-thermal, the permanent magnet synchronous motor of electric vehicle has various operating conditions and complicated condition environment. There are various forms of failure, and the signs of failure are crossed or overlapped. Randomness, secondary, concurrency, and communication characteristics make it difficult to diagnose faults. Based on the research of a list of related references, this article reviews the methods of intelligent fault diagnosis for electric vehicle permanent magnet synchronous motors. The research status and development trend of fault diagnosis are analyzed. It provides theoretical basis for motor fault diagnosis and health management in multi-variable working conditions and multi-physics environment.
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Lobov, Nikolay Vladimirovich, and Valery Valerievich Afanasyev. "FEATURES OF TESTING ELECTRIC MOTORS OF MOTOR VEHICLES UNDER LOAD." World of transport and technological machines 3(84), no. 1 (2024): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2024-1-3(84)-58-62.
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Based on the comparative analysis of the working processes of reciprocating and electric motors in motor vehicles, as well as methods of their testing under load, the expediency of developing a new test regulation for electric vehicle power plants is justified. As follows from the content of the article, there is currently no such regulation. A schematic diagram of a stand for testing power plants of vehicles with an electric motor is presented.
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Lisov, Andrey A., Alexander G. Vozmilov, Nadezhda Yu Kuleva, Andrey I. Sogrin, Ramil A. Zakirov, and Rafael Yu Ilimbetov. "Selection of a traction electric motor for arctic electric transport." Modern Transportation Systems and Technologies 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20239244-56.
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Aim: selection of a traction motor for electric freight transport operating in the Arctic.
Methods: To achieve this aim, the main characteristics of existing types of DC and AC electric motors were considered, as well as data on the use of one or another type of motor in modern electric vehicle.
Results: A comparative analysis of the most common motors has led to 2 main leaders - a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and an induction motor (IM). Both types of motors are fully suitable for solving the aim. However, as it turned out later, PMSM is more often used for light vehicles, while IM in most cases is used for heavier vehicles.
Conclusion: As a result of the analysis, it was decided that for electric transport operating in the Arctic, the best option is to use an induction motor as a traction motor.
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Jeetender Vemula, E. Vidya Sagar. "Performance Analysis Of DSMST Converter FED BLDC Motor." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 3 (November 29, 2023): 4553–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i3.2579.
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A positive output voltage SEPIC-type DC-DC converter called DSMST (modified SEPIC topology) without a transformer for use in electric vehicles. The DSMST converter is derived from the traditional SEPIC converter with the addition of a switching cell. Furthermore, the output diode and inductors are interchanged for the continuous output current. In the realm of electric vehicles, the utilization of Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives coupled with a DC-DC converter has become increasingly important. Specifically in the context of electric vehicles, the use of BLDC motors offers several technical advantages compared to other types of motors such as DC, induction, and switched reluctance motors. The DSMST converter is connected to the BLDC motor through a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) to regulate the voltage and current supplied to the BLDC motor, ensuring optimal performance. To regulate the speed of drive, a closed loop control system is developed using hall sensor signals. The proposed system is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink to check the applicability of electric vehicle configuration and the results shown that the proposed converter is well suitable for electric vehicle applications.
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Holjevac, Nikola, Federico Cheli, and Massimiliano Gobbi. "A simulation-based concept design approach for combustion engine and battery electric vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 7 (June 7, 2018): 1950–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018777350.
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The early concept design of a vehicle is becoming increasingly crucial to determine the success of a car. Broadening market competition, more stringent regulations and fast technological changes require a prompt response from carmakers, and computer-aided engineering has emerged in recent years as the promising way to provide more efficient and cost-effective design and to cut development time and costs. The work presented in this paper shows an approach based on computer-aided engineering to determine vehicle’s energy consumption and performance. The different vehicle’s subsystem are first analyzed separately by using dedicated simulation tools and then integrated to obtain the entire vehicle. The work covers a wide range of vehicle layouts. Internal combustion engine vehicles and battery electric vehicles are considered and various transmission configurations are contemplated with respect to some of the most adopted solutions for these vehicles. The simulation results allow to identify the most effective design variables regarding the combustion engine and the electric motor and to compare the different layouts over various car segments. The results clearly point out that for internal combustion engine vehicles, the combustion engine is the crucial component that defines the vehicle’s characteristics and particularly the energy consumption. Conversely, battery electric vehicles show a more balanced distribution of the losses, and therefore to improve the vehicle’s behavior, different components should be considered in detail. Nevertheless, the choice of the number of electric motors and the transmission choice play a significant role in defining the vehicle performances.
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Kovtun, А., A. Lytovchenko, and O. Sirous. "РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ЩОДО УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ОБЛІКУ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ У ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЧАСТИНАХ І З’ЄДНАННЯХ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ." Collection of scientific works of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine 1, no. 43 (2024): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2409-7470/2024/1/43/307886.
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The article shows the need to develop recommendations for improving the system of accounting for the use of motor vehicles in units, military units and formations of the National Guard of Ukraine. The solution of the tasks assigned to the National Guard of Ukraine is impossible without the widespread use of motor vehicles. A significant volume of necessary transportations poses tasks for the NGU servicemen related to increasing the efficiency of the use of motor vehicles. The Order of the Commander of the National Guard of Ukraine No. 900 of 27.12.2016 states: "the purpose of motor vehicle support is to achieve maximum efficiency of the use of motor vehicles...". The task of increasing the efficiency of the use of automotive equipment and ensuring a given level of efficiency of its use can be solved by comparing the efficiency indicators of the use of machines. To assess the operation and technical condition of motor vehicles, special indicators are used, such as fleet utilisation rate; working time utilisation rate; mileage utilisation rate; load capacity utilisation rate; speed and others. However, these indicators, neither individually nor in combination, make it possible to assess the effectiveness of the use of motor vehicles of a unit or military unit of the NGU. Therefore, there is a need to obtain a dependence for assessing the efficiency of transportation by military vehicles. It is proposed to use as an indicator of the efficiency of the use of motor vehicles an indicator that allows assessing the level of efficiency of the use of motor vehicles (when using motor vehicles in accordance with the annual plan for the operation and repair of vehicles of a military unit), to determine the impact on the efficiency of of transportations of certain indicators (coefficient of efficiency of transportations) and outline ways to ensure a given level of efficiency of the use of motor vehicles of the National Guard of Ukraine. The proposals for improving the structure of the vehicle operation record card and the summary of vehicle operation allow to improve the accounting of vehicle operation, improve the planning of vehicle operation, analyse and evaluate the results of their use.
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He, Lieyun, Xinming Lin, Qiang Liu, and Jason X. Tao. "A numerical model for impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles on through lane capacity metrics." Archives of Transport 55, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4199.
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There is a conflict between through motor vehicles and the left-turn non-motorized vehicles, and the capacity of straight-line motor vehicles decreases. This study analyzes the impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles on the capacity of through motor vehicle lanes. A correction coefficient model for calculating the reduced capacity of through motor vehicle lanes has been developed based on analysis of the conflicting points at an intersection and the negative exponential function of traffic flow distribution. With consideration of intersection geometric design, channelization, and traffic characteristics, the correction coefficient model was further enhanced by regression to capture the impacts of left-turn non-motorized vehicles from the same and the opposite directions. A simulation with VISSIM is used to validate the developed model. It shows that the calculated capacity from the correction coefficient model is close to the simulation results. The experiment indicates that the derived model is highly accurate in calculating the capacity of through motor vehicle lanes and has potential application for situations of mixed traffic in China. The study shows that the capacity of a through traffic lane at the permitted phase decreases with the increase of left-turning non-motorized vehicles, and the impact of left-turning non-motorized vehicles from the same direction is more significant. The results show that the traffic capacity of straight-line motor vehicle decreases with the increase of the left-turn non-motorized vehicles flow rate and the influence of the left-turn non-motor vehicle is more obvious. It is suggested that in practice, the correction coeffi-cient of non-motor vehicle on the left turn should be 0.88, and the correction coefficient on the left turn should be 0.95, respectively. The study recommends coefficient values for both non-motorized vehicles from the same and opposite directions for use in real applications.
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Chiver, Olivian, Ioan Radu Sugar, and Liviu Neamt. "Study on the Selection of Electric Motor/Engine on the Performance of Hybrid Vehicles." Energies 17, no. 14 (July 18, 2024): 3529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17143529.
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Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are perceived as a first step toward the future of sustainable transport. Of course, battery electric vehicles (EVs) are currently ideal for what is wanted in the future of transport. However, the lack of infrastructure for these vehicles makes many potential users choose hybrid vehicles. This paper presents an analysis of the influence of hybrid vehicle engines and electric motors on their performance. Three engines with slightly different power levels and similar characteristics were considered for the configured models. Additionally, two electric motors with very different power levels, but a very close maximum continuous torque were used in our models. One was an induction motor and the other was a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The ADVISOR software was used for vehicle configuration and simulation. Series and parallel hybrid vehicles were considered. The main dynamic performances and the fuel consumption rates of the two driving cycles were compared for the configured models. Three conventional models with the same engines used in HEVs were also simulated for reference. The results highlight that, in the case of HEVs, the choice of a combination engine/electric motor is crucial for obtaining the best compromise between a dynamic performance and a low fuel consumption and, implicitly, a low negative impact on the environment.
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Hakim, Raudha, Muhammad Darwis, and Hardian Majid. "Model of Vehicle Movement Pulling In Vocational High Schools In Ternate City." MATEC Web of Conferences 372 (2022): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237206004.
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School area is one type of land use that has a large enough appeal to the community. The number of vehicle modes can cause new problems in school areas which generally do not have special lanes to drop passengers. This study is to find out the number of pulls of vehicle movements, the characteristics of so unlucky economy and travel of students, teachers and employees, and make a model of pulling merger of vehicles in the educational area on the road K.H Dewantara Ternate city. Methods of collecting survey and questionnaire data, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study on the number of vehicle movement pulls in SMA Negeri 1 Ternate City for 2-wheeled motor vehicles 743 vehicles, 4-wheeled vehicles 59 vehicles, SMK Negeri 1 Ternate City for 2-wheeled motor vehicles 654 vehicles, 4-wheeled vehicles 35 vehicles, SMA Negeri 10 Ternate City for 2-wheeled motorized vehicles as many as 512 vehicles, 4-wheeled vehicles 29 vehicles, and SMK Negeri 5 Kota for 2-wheeled motor vehicles 271 vehicles, 4-wheeled 18 vehicles. The results of the analysis of the best model of vehicle movement pull using a motor are Y1= 248.511 + 0.153 and the vehicle movement pull using a car is Y2 = -11.068 + 0.895 X1. Then the free variables used in this study also had a good influence on the pull of vehicles using a motorbike or by using car.
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Liu, Xiang, Mian Li, and Min Xu. "A new anti-skid control method for electric vehicles using the motor torque and the wheel acceleration with experimental verification." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 3 (August 5, 2016): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016639444.
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Driving electric vehicles by electric motors can result in many unique advantages for dynamic control of electric vehicles. With the superior fast and accurate torque control performance of electric motors, electric vehicles, in particular, can achieve higher levels of safety and handling performance. A simple, effective and efficient anti-skid control method specified for electric vehicles is proposed in this paper by considering the real-world resistance factors. This method is developed on the basis of sensing and regulating a newly defined parameter, namely the ratio of the drive motor torque to the angular acceleration of the wheels, both of which can be easily obtained for electric motors. The monotonic relationship between the slip ratio and the ratio of the drive motor torque to the angular acceleration of the wheels is proved under both acceleration conditions and deceleration conditions, by considering the real-world resistance factors. The simulations and the experimental results show that the ratio of the drive motor torque to the angular acceleration of the wheels can be efficiently used, instead of the slip ratio, in anti-skid control. The results indicate that electric vehicles can achieve high-performance vehicle motion control with more flexible and simplified configurations by using in-wheel electric motors.
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Wang, Qing Song, Xue Liang Yuan, and Chun Yuan Ma. "Air Environmental Impact Research of Urban Traffic Development – A Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.854.
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With the speed-up of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles has increased rapidly, which is the main urban air pollutant source because of too much emitted exhaust gas. Based on the motor vehicle exhaust emissions in Shandong Province in 2006, using trend extrapolation and scenario analysis, predict the motor vehicle exhaust emissions for future planning. The results show that the motor vehicles in 2015and 2020 are 27.52 million and 34.53 million, which is 1.9times and 2.38 times of the motor vehicles in 2006, respectively. For the specific air pollutants from motor vehicles exhaust in 2020, SO2, NOx, PM2.5 and PM10 will reach 28.4 thousand tons, 356.7 thousand tons, 10.8 thousand tons and 12.2 thousand tons, which will be 3 times, 1.2 times, 5 times and 5 times of the emissions in 2006. The urban air pollutions caused by motor vehicles exhaust will be very serious.
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Singer, Jonah, and Eden Oelze. "In-water and in-air vehicle velocity estimation via harmonic and Doppler analysis." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010902.
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Remotely-controlled (RC) vehicles, such as RC cars, boats, planes, and drones, use high energy-density lithium polymer batteries that enable powerful brushless DC motors to propel them at remarkable velocities. In prior work, measurements of the acoustic emissions from such motors on RC cars have been processed to estimate vehicle velocity, based on a spectral analysis of the emissions, together with a parametric model for the acoustic emissions, relating them to motor speed and vehicle velocity. This work builds on prior models for the acoustic emissions of the DC motors to estimate the motor speeds for in-water and in-air craft, including RC boats and drones. Spectrograms of the acoustic recordings of the vehicles at moving at constant velocity provide sufficient harmonic structure to effectively measure the Doppler shift at closest point of proximity, enabling vehicle velocity estimates. These, in turn, enable calibration of the harmonic structure for motor speed estimation. Preliminary results demonstrate the correlation between the speed profile of the vehicle, acoustic harmonic structure, and Doppler shift.
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Kavasseri Venkitaraman, Ashwin, and Venkata Satya Rahul Kosuru. "Trends and Challenges in Electric Vehicle Motor Drivelines - A Review." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 14, no. 4 (April 26, 2023): 485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.14.4.12.
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Considering the need to optimize electric vehicle performance and the impact of efficient driveline configurations in achieving this, a brief study has been conducted. The drivelines of electric vehicles (EV) are critically examined in this survey. Also, promising motor topologies for usage in electric vehicles are presented. Additionally, the benefits and drawbacks of each kind of electric motor are examined from a system viewpoint. The majority of commercially available EV are powered by a permanent magnet motor or single induction type motors and a standard mechanical differential driveline. Considering these, a holistic review has been performed by including driveline configurations and different battery types. The authors suggest that motors be evaluated and contrasted using a standardized driving cycle.
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Forsyth, Alexander, Francisco Juarez-Leon, and Berker Bilgin. "Sizing of a Traction Switched Reluctance Motor for an Electric Refuse-Collecting Vehicle Application." Machines 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2023): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11020274.
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Refuse-collecting vehicles are significant polluters due to their expected drive cycles involving frequent stops and long idle periods. Electric refuse-collecting vehicles, still in their infancy, promise to address this through the replacement of internal combustion engines with batteries and electric traction motors. Today, typical motors for these vehicles involve heavy use of rare earth permanent magnets, which are subject to high price volatility, environmentally damaging mining practices, and occupational health hazards associated with refinement. The switched reluctance motor, which makes use of no permanent magnets, is a suitable substitute. This type of motor technology offers several advantages such as simple and robust construction, the ability to operate at high speeds and high temperature conditions, fault tolerance capability, and lower production costs in comparison with other technologies. This paper focuses on the design process of a switched reluctance motor for a battery electric refuse-collecting vehicle. The designed motor has a 36/24 outer rotor configuration, and its electrical and mechanical characteristics are based on the commercial traction motor TM4 SUMO HD HV3500-9P. The performance of the motor is evaluated using simulation tools such as JMAG and MATLAB/Simulink.
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Nadhilah, Muhammad Arif Budiyanto, Alif Hikmah Fikri, and Hanmah Ayuningtyas. "Study On The Application Of Thermoelectric Coolers Inside Unmanned Surface Vehicles." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 82, no. 1 (April 11, 2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.82.1.1220.
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The development of unmanned surface vehicles for military and commercial needs is increasing as the development of autonomous control systems. The farther the operation range of unmanned surface vehicles makes the propulsion motor generated heat and decreased the performance of the vehicle. This study aims to analyze the application of a thermoelectric cooler to decrease the temperature of the electric motors as a propulsion system on the unmanned surface vehicle. The research was carried out by prototyping the thermoelectric cooler 12V and tested at the prototype of unmanned surface vehicles with a length overall 1.5 m. The results showed the application of a thermoelectric cooler potentially effective to decrease the electric motor temperature by as much as 26.3 ?C by neglect the heat loss due to convection. The results of this study contributed to the development of reliable unmanned surface vehicles.
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Lee, Shan Shan, Da Lin Qian, Dong Mei Lin, and Zhao Yong Peng. "Study on the Interference Ratio of Right-Turning Vehicles at Signalized Intersection under Mixed Traffic Environment." Advanced Materials Research 267 (June 2011): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.267.555.
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The objective is to describe the interference degree between motor vehicles and bicycles at signalized intersection. The interference degree was expressed by conflict delay. Via analyzing the microscopic actions of the motor vehicles crossing through the bicycle flow at a typical two-phase signalized intersection, a conflict delay model of the right-turn vehicle was proposed applying the gap acceptance theory and traffic wave theory. The model was verified and compared with the existing conflict delay models. The result showed that the proposed model is stable and suitable for the condition of unsaturated to calculate the conflict delay of right-turn vehicle. Sensitivity of the conflict delay model with respect to the flow rate of the bicycle and the width of the bicycle lane was analyzed. It showed that the increase of the width of the bicycle lane within limits could reduce right-turning vehicle’s conflict delay effectively when the motor vehicle’s flow rate was higher and the bicycle flow rate was varying in a certain range.
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Dong, Chenhao, Rongguo Ma, Yujie Yin, Borui Shi, Wanting Zhang, and Yidan Zhang. "Traffic Conflict Analysis of Motor Vehicles and Nonmotor Vehicles Based on Improved Cellular Automata." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (January 31, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2529816.
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In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s logistics industry and urban service industry, electric bicycles have gradually become an important means of transportation in cities due to their flexibility, green technology, and low operating costs. Because electric bicycles travel though motor vehicle lanes and nonmotor vehicle lanes, the conflict between motor and nonmotor vehicles has become increasingly prominent, and the safety situation is not optimistic. However, most theories and models of mixed traffic flow are based on motor vehicles and bicycles and few involve electric bicycles. To explore the traffic safety situation in an urban mixed traffic environment, this paper first uses cellular automata (CA) to establish a three-strand mixed traffic flow model of motor vehicles, electric bicycles, and bicycles and verifies the reliability of the model by using a MATLAB simulation based on the actual survey data. Then, using the technology of traffic conflicts and the conflict rate as the index to evaluate the traffic safety situation, the change in the conflict rate with different road occupancies and different proportional coefficients of motor vehicles is studied. In the end, the conflict rate is compared between the mixed traffic flow and the setting of a physical isolation divider, which provides some suggestions on when to set a physical isolation divider to separate motor vehicles from nonmotor vehicles. The results show that in a mixed traffic environment, the conflict rate first increases and then decreases with increasing road occupancy and reaches a peak when the road occupancy is 0.6. In addition, in mixed traffic environments, the conflict rate increases with an increasing proportional coefficient of the motor vehicle. When the road occupancy rate is within the range of [0.6, 0.9] or when the proportional coefficient of motor vehicle is between [0.8, 0.9], a physical isolation divider can be set to separate motor vehicles and nonmotor vehicles from the space to improve traffic safety.
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Sudrajat, Imam. "REKONSTRUKSI BIROKRASI PEMERINTAH DAERAH PENGUJIAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR BERBASIS NILAI KEADILAN (Study tentang Birokrasi Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor pada Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah)." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 1, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v1i2.1471.
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Implementation of Bureaucracy in testing at the Motor Vehicle Department of Transportation District/town in Central Java is not based on the value of justice due to the Problem Statement that occur in relation to services and feasibility testing of motor vehicles is not only a service procedure, but the commitment of employees to carry out services and feasibility testing of motor vehicles less reflect fairness and transfaransi. Servicing and testing the feasibility of a motor vehicle cannot fully satisfy the community because people's understanding of the feasibility of testing services of motor vehicles, apparently not all of them know and understand procedurally. To perform reconstruction Bureaucracy, used Progressive Legal Theory equitable, with steps taken by the privatization Motor Vehicle Inspection, Supervision improve the effectiveness, efficiency and transfer of oil fuel sources, restrictions on vehicle age and vehicle progressive taxation.
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Shrivastav, Sneha, and Surabhi Patel. "ENERGY ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES THROUGH REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i02.040.
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Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been attracting a lot of attention for environmental issues and energy crisis. One of advantage of using foregoing vehicles is charging energy by regenerative brake. Regenerative braking systems (RBS) are a useful way to capture the energy lost while braking and at the same time lowering exhaust and brake emissions. The idea behind this process is to transform mechanical energy from a motor's kinetic energy into electrical energy. This paper, gives comprehensive information about regenerative energy system. Later, a case study of an electric vehicle conversion's electrical energy use in a real-world setting has been looked at. Such tests assess the energy usage of a vehicle's overall system whether it has regenerative braking or not. The absorbed capacity of regenerative energy is limited because of motor capacity and current limit of battery. This becomes serious issues the heavy weight vehicle such as bus and truck. To increase regenerative energy, large motor and battery are requested, which is difficult because of cost and limit of inverter capacity. With the advancement of energy regeneration technologies, the driving range of electric vehicles can be enhanced. Two boost approach, a unique energy regeneration strategy, is suggested in this paper for electric vehicles powered by brushless DC motors. Additionally, since this approach regenerates more energy than the single boost method, this method's energy regeneration efficiency has been greatly improved.
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Hwang, Myeong-Hwan, Hae-Sol Lee, Se-Hyeon Yang, Hyun-Rok Cha, and Sung-Jun Park. "Electromagnetic Field Analysis and Design of an Efficient Outer Rotor Inductor in the Low-Speed Section for Driving Electric Vehicles." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 4615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244615.
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Currently, the eco-friendly vehicle market is growing continuously. In the automobile industry, various electric vehicle models are being developed, and several technological innovations are being made. Certain limited vehicle types, such as passenger cars, are being converted to electric vehicles; moreover, a variety of small electric vehicles, including smart mobility vehicles, are being developed. The driving motor of an electric vehicle, e.g., a brushless Direct Current motor (BLDC), is one of the key components that determine its driving performance. However, since the recent hike in prices of the rare earth magnets used in BLDCs, the development of induction motor with lower cost and a simple product structure has become essential. Therefore, this study proposes an optimized design for an outer rotor induction motor with high efficiency in the low-speed section for electric vehicles. The motor designed in this study is efficient for speeds less than 1000 rpm, and our experimental results prove that the prototypes can provide up to 84.8% efficiency. This optimized motor is expected to have widespread application in the eco-friendly vehicle market.
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Herdiyan, Arie, T. N. Syamsah, and Mul Yadi. "PENERAPAN PAJAK PROGRESIF KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI KOTA BOGOR DIKAITKAN PERATURAN DAERAH PROPINSI JAWA BARAT NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2001 TENTANG PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR (PKB)." DE RECHTSSTAAT 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jhd.v2i2.673.
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Bogor city as one of the growing city had a growth rate of motor vehicle very rapidly. For motorcycles only the level of development can reach 1000 units of motorcycles and 500 cars per week. The development of these vehicles certainly can be utilized by the Bogor city government to collect taxes to the owner and / or the ruler of the motor vehicle in order to increase sources of revenue (PAD) Bogor City. Progressive taxation of motor vehicles can also be used to inhibit the purchase of motor vehicles in the city of Bogor. Progressive taxation aims to reduce congestion caused by dense numbers of private motor vehicles. However, because many people do not fully understand the application of progressive tax, causing not a few problems occur when residents will pay motor vehicle tax they have to pay a nominal turns them more due to the number of vehicles registered in the name of the citizens despite the fact that such vehicles is no longer controlled. Identification of problems: 1) How does the implementation of a progressive tax on motor vehicle tax payers in Bogor? and How the impact on motor vehicle tax payer with the implementation of a progressive tax in Bogor? The objectives to be achieved in this thesis are: 1) To determine and analyze on the implementation of a progressive tax on taxpayers motor vehicles in the city of Bogor and 2) To determine and analyze the impact on the taxpayer of a motor vehicle with the application of progressive tax in the city of Bogor. This research was conducted using a normative juridical approach. This type of research is used in legal research is a descriptive study law. Descriptive research is research that is intended to provide data as accurately as possible about the people, the state or other symptoms. Results of the discussion that has been done, it can be concluded the application of progressive tax on taxpayers motor vehicles in the city of Bogor has an important role, in addition to functioning as a source of state revenue also has the function of distribution (equity) revenues. Impact on Taxpayers motor vehicle with the application of progressive tax in the city of Bogor impact of the application of progressive motor vehicle sales tax for automotive companies will hit the automotive sector, especially in terms of sales. As for the impact on society can be experienced personally is the saturation point when the purchasing power of the higher vehicle tax.
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V N, Dr Trupti. "BLDC Motor Speed Control with PID Controller in Electric Vehicles." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (June 2, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem35332.
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This paper demonstrates that BLDC motors are the best motors for various electric vehicle control strategies. Synchronous motors are the group that includes BLDC motors. Future transportation is interested in electric vehicles because of their zero emissions, sustainability, efficiency, and variety of control methods. These motors are the best option for many applications; however, the majority of them need sensor-less control. Rotor-position sensing is necessary for BLDC motors operating in order to regulate the winding currents. A BLDC motor drive's speed can be controlled via sensor-less control, digital signal controllers, digital signal processors, fuzzy logic PI controllers, PID controllers, adaptive neuro-fuzzy controllers, genetic algorithm controllers, and other methods. The overarching goal of this research is to provide a simulation of the PID controller approach for BLDC motors in electric vehicles. Keywords: BLDC Motor, sensor, controller, sustainability
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Sekhar, V., K. Nithyamala, K. Renuka, and M. Murali. "Hybrid Electric Vehicle Design and Simulation Performance Using Isolated DC/DC Converter Based MFO Algorithm." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1272, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1272/1/012003.
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The accuracy and effectiveness of the vehicle’s motor, DC-DC converter, controller, and electrical system are crucial for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). The study is given with a DC-DC converter architecture and motor based on the MFO control algorithm for smooth driving and quick charging of hybrid electric vehicles. The front-end AC-DC converter’s output is translated by the suggested DC-DC converter architecture, which then provides a controlled supply to the EV propulsion battery. The suggested system consists of a drive train model created in MATLAB using the SIMULINK tool, a motor drive, a DC-DC converter, an inverter, and a drive train. A Simulink model with motor drive model was constructed and successfully simulated in order to operate and evaluate the performance of hybrid electric vehicles utilizing an MFO control method. The simulation findings are examined its performance of EV system and results clearly stated the hybrid car’s fuel efficiency advantages over the conventional vehicle model.
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Li, Wei, and Yongling He. "Parameterization and Performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Vehicle Based on Motor-CAD and OptiSLang." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (June 7, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8217386.
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With the popularity of electric vehicles, electric vehicles have become a hot research topic, and the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor has become increasingly prominent in recent years. Therefore, the application of permanent magnet synchronous motor in electric vehicles has become a possibility. Based on the analysis of the existing permanent magnet synchronous motor technology for electric vehicles, this paper will start from the motor body design. In this paper, the performance parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor meeting the requirements of vehicle operation are estimated by analyzing the parameters of electric vehicle, and the motor is modeled based on the motor design software Motor-CAD. In this paper, the parametric analysis module in the software is used to optimize the parameters of motor permanent magnet, stator slot width, air gap magnetic density, and air gap length. Finally, this paper uses OptiSLang software to simulate and analyze the permanent magnet synchronous motor. It improves the driving performance of automobile motor and reduces energy consumption, so that the permanent magnet synchronous motor can better meet the requirements of electric vehicles. The experimental results show that the optimal range of motor split ratio is large, in the range of 0.85~0.9.
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Nithin, Karanam, Vasupalli Manoj, and Budumuru Mohith. "FUEL CELL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE: A REVIEW ON CURRENT STATUS, KEY CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27308.
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A fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle is an advanced type of hybrid vehicle that utilizes a combination of fuel-cell technology and electric propulsion for improved efficiency. The fuel cell generates electricity through a chemical reaction using hydrogen as the fuel source. This electricity powers the vehicle’s electric motor, while a battery system stores excess energy, provides additional power during acceleration, and stores regenerative braking energy. To improve the performance of fuel cell hybrids, designing and developing efficient energy management strategies is an urgent need for current automotive manufacturers. From the perspective of energy consumption, the main work is to reduce hydrogen consumption. In recent years, energy management strategies based on intelligent connected vehicle technology have also received extensive attention. Most fuel cell vehicles are classified as zero- emission vehicles that emit only water and heat. Compared with internal combustion vehicles, hydrogen vehicles centralize pollutants at the site of hydrogen production. In an electric drive vehicle, the low-voltage auxiliary battery provides electricity to start the engine before the traction battery is engaged, it also powers vehicle accessories. This high-voltage battery stores energy from regenerative braking and provides supplemental power to the electric motor. The DC converter converts higher voltage to lower voltage DC power which is needed to run the vehicle and recharge the auxiliary battery. Using power from the fuel cell and the traction battery pack, the motor drives the vehicle’s wheels. A fuel cell stack is an assembly of individual membrane electrodes that use hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity. So the fuel cell electric vehicle is the best option to simultaneously reduce air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and the consumption of fossil fuels Key Words: Battery(auxiliary), Battery pack such as petroleum and natural gas., DC/DC Converter, Electric traction motor(FCEV), Fuel cell stack, Fuel filler, Fuel tank(hydrogen), Power electronics controller, Thermal system(cooling), Transmission(electric)
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Wang, Yong, Hongguo Cai, Yinghua Liao, and Jun Gao. "Study on Global Parameters Optimization of Dual-Drive Powertrain System of Pure Electric Vehicle Based on Multiple Condition Computer Simulation." Complexity 2020 (July 25, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6057870.
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Equipped with two power sources, the dual-driving powertrain system for pure electric vehicles has a driving mode different from traditional electric vehicles. Under the premise that the structural form of the transmission system remains unchanged, the following transmission schemes can be adopted for double drive electric vehicles according to the demand power: the main and auxiliary electric transmission scheme (two motors are driven separately with dual-motor coupling drive), the transmission scheme in which the two motors always maintain coupling drive, and the speed-regulating type electric transmission scheme (the main motor is always responsible for driving, and the auxiliary motor is responsible for speed regulation). Therefore, a significant difference exists in the design methods of the power transmission system of double drive electric vehicles and existing vehicles. As for such differences, this paper adopts intelligent algorithm to design the parameters of the transmission system and introduces the genetic algorithm into the optimization design of parameters to obtain the optimal vital parameters of the power transmission system based on computer simulation. The prototype car used in this paper is a self-owned brand car; MATLAB/Simulink platform is used to build the vehicle simulation model, which is used for the computer simulation analysis of the vehicle dynamic performance and economy. It can be seen from the analysis result that the system parameters obtained by using the global optimization method proposed in this study can improve the vehicle dynamic performance and economic performance to varying degrees, which proves the efficiency and feasibility of the optimization method.
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Sergienko, Nikolai, Valeriy Kuznetsov, Borys Lyubarsky, Mariia Pastushchina, Piotr Gołębiowski, and Sławomir Tkaczyk. "Study of the two-rotor electric motor of a drive of vehicle drive wheels." Archives of Transport 60, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6933.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, electric and hybrid vehicles have taken more and more attention due to their apparent advantages in saving fuel resources and reducing harmful emissions into the environment. Even though electric vehicles can solve the ecological problem, their operation is faced with a number of inconveniences associated with a limited driving distance from a single charge due to limited storage of energy from an independent power source and a lack of the required service and repair infrastructure. In hybrid and electric vehicles one of the main parameters is the curb weight, which affects energy consumption, vehicle speed, stability, controllability and maneuverability. In this regard, leading car manufacturers use parts with a low specific weight (non-metallic, aluminum alloys, etc.) in the design and also exclude some units from the design. Due to these technical solutions, the vehicle's operating is improved. One of the groups of parameters to be defined when designing a new electric vehicle is the parameters relating to the electric motor. The purpose of the article is determination of the mechanical characteristics of a two-rotor electric motor during magnetic flux control and assessment of the possibility of organizing the drive of the drive wheels of the vehicle. The electric motor has two mechanically independent outputs. For the study, an electrical equivalent diagram has been developed for the given two-rotor electric motor. A simulation model of the equivalent diagram has been built. Simulating the interaction processes of the rotors with the stator made it possible to obtain data for building the mechanical characteristics for each output of the electric motor. Analysis and processing of the mechanical characteristics data of the electric motors showed the conformity and the range of changes in the torque on each of the rotors when changing their slip and revolution, which are required when building algorithms for the operation of electric motor control systems as part of drives for various purposes. Analysis of the simulation results made it possible to assess the possibility of using the considered two-rotor electric motor for the drive of drive wheels in an electric and hybrid wheeled vehicle.
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Pan, Hao, and Ping He. "Research of Application Status for the Drive Motor Based on the Pure Electric Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1505.
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The drive motor as the only drive of pure electric vehicles, its performance and its controlling technology have important impact on the performance of pure electric vehicles, So research of the drive motor is the focus of the pure electric vehicle technology research.This article expound the current conditions of the drive motor ,Through the comparative research, that provide the basis for selection and matching of parameters of the drive motor under the conditions of meeting design goals. In combination with the future development trends of pure electric vehicle, to put forward the key research contents of the future of drive motor based on pure electric vehicles
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Prasetyo, Yudha Mahendra, Sigit Budiarto, Mahendra Putra Perdana, and Siswadi Siswadi. "Rancang Bangun Ulang Motor Listrik Berbasis Android Dengan Sistem Motor Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) 3 Phase Kapasitas 1000 Watt." Journal of System Engineering and Technological Innovation (JISTI) 1, no. 01 (April 4, 2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.38156/jisti.v1i01.11.
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Electric vehicles use an electric motor as a driving force where it functions as a converter of electrical energy stored in the battery into mechanical energy to turn the wheels of the vehicle. Electric motors can reduce fuel consumption and air pollution produced by motorized vehicles, so electric vehicles are one of the transportation modes they can use. In this research, the design of a BrushLess Direct Current (BLDC) motor as a motorcycle propulsion was carried out. The BLDC motor has the main components, namely the stator and rotor. This electric motor designed uses a BLDC type E-BIKE with specifications for 1000 Watt power and an input voltage frequency of 60Hz, and a rotating speed of 500Rpm with a 3.75V-25Ah BMS battery in 16 series to 60V-25Ah. This E-BIKE type BLDC electric motorcycle model can be adapted to the shape of a motorcycle drum with a wheel diameter of 17 inches.
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Rahmaditya, Arief, and Wasis Suganda. "Pelaksanaan Pemungutan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Pada Kendaraan Ubah Bentuk Offroad Di Kota Surakarta." Jurnal Discretie 1, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jd.v1i3.50239.
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<em>Tax is one of the economic instruments of a country. One of the largest and even very influential incomes in Indonesia is local taxes. With the existence of regional taxes, Regional Governments are encouraged to be creative in finding sources of regional revenue funds that can support regional expenditure financing, one of which is the Motor Vehicle Tax (PKB). One source of revenue from Motor Vehicle Tax (PKB) comes from off-road vehicles which are included in the jeep type. Offroad development in Indonesia is growing as time goes by, but the increasing number of offroad motor vehicle users, there are several owners or drivers of offroad vehicles on the road, it can be seen that offroad motorized vehicles do not have a Motorized Vehicle Number (TNKB) or a Motor Vehicle Registration Certificate (STNK) is not valid. or keep the identity of the vehicle a secret in order to avoid too expensive taxes, because in Indonesia the tax that has a double axle (4x4) tends to be higher when compared to other motorized vehicles. The problem in determining the value of motorized vehicle tax on off-road transformed vehicles is because the Regional Revenue Service does not collaborate with specialist workshops or from the physical check there is not a very thorough check on motorized vehicles by the police in the physical check process of motorized vehicles on vehicles changing form offroad.</em>
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Madani, Rahmat Nur, Raeka Widi Anggeraeni, Dinar Mutia, Dasmo Dasmo, and Ahmad Jahrudin. "MOBERAK (Motor Bebas Bahan Bakar Ramah Lingkungan)." Schrodinger Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/sch.v1i1.3070.
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The vehicle is an important requirement for daily activities. The increasing number of vehicles in Indonesia from year to year correlates with the worsening air quality, especially in big cities like Jakarta. Data also shows that 70% of air pollution in Jakarta comes from motorized vehicles that use fossil fuels. One source of energy that can be an alternative solution is electric-powered vehicles because they have advantages, which are not producing pollution. Electric vehicles generally use lithium batteries as a source of electric power. Lithium batteries that have been used up are generally just thrown away without going through the processing so that they will contaminate water and soil. Therefore, we want to make vehicles that are not dependent on fossil fuels, produce no pollution, and can do auto charging electric so they don't rely on PLN electricity. This vehicle can charge independently because it has an electromagnetic coil on the rear wheel that will produce GGL induction from the wheel rotation when the bike is moving. We call this vehicle MOBERAK (Environmentally Friendly Fuel-Free Motorbike).
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BEBKIEWICZ, Katarzyna, Zdzisław CHŁOPEK, Jakub LASOCKI, Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI, and Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA. "Characteristics of pollutant emission from motor vehicles for the purposes of the Central Emission Database in Poland." Combustion Engines 177, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-229.
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Within the Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute the Central Emission Database is being established. The Database will cover the most important emission sectors from anthropogenic activities, including usage of motor vehicles. The intensity of emissions of individual pollutants is the input data to air pollution dispersion models. Based on calculations performed by the air pollution dispersion models concentration of pollutants dispersed in atmospheric air (pollution immission) is provided. The annual average immision for a selected place in Poland is a measure of the threat to environment. In order to determine the intensity of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles it is necessary to recognize the intensity of vehicle motion and the volume of emission of pollutants depending on the type of vehicle motion. The task presented in this article is to determine the characteristics of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles depending on the type of their motion. The mean value of vehicle speeds was used to characterize the type of vehicle motion. The emission of pollutants from vehicles is therefore characterized by the dependence of road emissions of pollutants on the average speed of vehicles. The characteristics were determined for cumulated categories of motor vehicles: passenger cars, light commercial vehicles as well as heavy duty trucks and buses. The results of the inventory of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles in Poland in 2016 were used to determine the characteristics of pollutant emissions.
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An, Youngkuk, Byeonggyu Yang, Jinil Park, Jonghwa Lee, and Kyoungseok Park. "Analysis of Energy Flow in a Mid-Sized Electric Passenger Vehicle in Urban Driving Conditions." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 8 (August 14, 2023): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14080218.
Full textAbstract:
Because of emissions of exhaust gases, global warming is proceeding, and air pollution has increased. Thus, many countries are manufacturing eco-friendly vehicles, including electric vehicles. However, the range of electric vehicles is less than the range of internal combustion engine vehicles, so electric vehicle production is being disrupted. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the energy flow of electric vehicles. Therefore, to analyze energy flow of electric vehicles, this study suggested an energy flow structure first, then modeled the energy flow of the vehicle, dividing it into battery, inverter and motor, reduction gear and differential, and wheel parts. This study selected a test vehicle, drove in urban driving conditions and measured data. Then, this study calculated energy flow using MATLAB/SIMULINK in real time, and calculated and analyzed energy loss of each of the vehicle’s parts using the calculated data.
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Kaban, Widodo. "The Role Of Police Investigators In Overcoming Motor Vehicle Theft (Curanmor) In Police Area Pakpak Bharat Resort." Journal of Law Science 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/jls.v4i1.1695.
Full textAbstract:
The increase in cases of motor vehicle theft cannot be avoided due to the increasing growth rate of motorized vehicles which is quite high in the Pakpak Bharat Resort Police (Polres). The Ministry of Transportation said that the growth rate of motorized vehicles was very disproportionate to the length of the existing road, that the length of the road was no longer able to accommodate the volume of motorized vehicles. The problems posed are: what is the form of the act of motor vehicle theft in Pakpak Bharat, what is the role of the police in motor vehicle theft in Pakpak Bharat and what are the obstacles and efforts faced by the police in overcoming motor vehicle theft. The results of the research and discussion explain that the forms of theft of motorized vehicles in Pakpak Bharat are carried out in various ways, namely: using fake keys, damaging motorized ignition keys, damaging four-wheeled motorized vehicle doors, pointing with firearms and pointing with sharp weapons as well as depriving and take by force by injuring the victim. The role of the National Police in motor vehicle theft in Pakpak Bharat is to conduct investigations and take action on public reports of motor vehicle theft, with details of the main tasks as follows: as law enforcers, as protectors and as community guides. Efforts that can be made by the police in overcoming motor vehicle theft are by conducting raids and patrols in places that are suspected of being prone to motor vehicle theft and socialization about the use of additional keys. The obstacle faced by the police in overcoming the theft of motor vehicles is the difficulty in identifying the perpetrators of the theft. Motor vehicle theft is currently experiencing growth and development with neat characteristics, has a kind of bureaucracy of its own, is resistant to social reactions and is able to spread a network of activities in such a way that it has a wide scope coupled with a high quality to avoid law enforcement efforts through various means.
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Pramana, I. Gede Ivan Wahyu, Ida Ayu Putu Widiati, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Penerapan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor terhadap Kendaraan Bernomor Polisi Luar Wilayah Bali." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, no. 2 (September 26, 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.1.2.2432.40-45.
Full textAbstract:
Seeing the number of vehicles with police numbers outside the area operating in Bali, in the Bali Provincial Regulation No. 4 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Traffic and Public Transportation it is explained that vehicles from outside the Bali area can only be in Bali for 3 consecutive months if they exceed that time. then must do Transfer of Name Duty. This research is formulated to determine the imposition of motor vehicle tax in Bali Province, and to determine the intensification of motor vehicle tax imposition on police numbered vehicles from outside Bali. This research uses empirical law research type. The results of this study indicate that the collection of Motor Vehicle Tax in Bali Province can be carried out by taxpayers by following the procedures for implementing Motor Vehicle Tax collection as contained in the Regional Regulation of the Province of Bali Number 1 of 2011 concerning Regional Taxes. Regarding vehicles with police numbers outside the Bali Region, they cannot be taxed because there are no regulations governing these vehicles. This has also led the Bali Provincial Government to plan several efforts for vehicles outside the Bali region that have passed the time to reverse name.
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Achlison, Unang, Joseph Teguh Santoso, Khoirur Rozikin, and Fujiama Diapoldo. "ANALISIS KONSUMSI DAYA MOTOR JENIS BRUSSHES DIRECT CURRENT (BDC) DAN BRUSSHES LESS DIRECT CURRENT (BLDC) PADA KENDARAAN LISTRIK." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/jtikp.v15i1.856.
Full textAbstract:
Electric vehicles are starting to be widely used among conventional vehicles. The use of a motor as a driver is a very important component for electric vehicles. The battery current and voltage supplied to the motor will determine the performance of the electric vehicle. Based on the analysis of current and voltage measurement results, it can be concluded that (1) the power requirements using the Brusshes Direct Current (BDC) motor type are greater, (2) Electric vehicles are more efficient when using the Brusshes Less Direct Current (BLDC) motor type.
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Anusha, Poodipeddi, Tayi Srikanth, Manne Nirmal Devi Kiran, and Palivela Rambabu. "Fabrication and Simulation of an E-Vehicle." E3S Web of Conferences 552 (2024): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455201021.
Full textAbstract:
An electric vehicle is one that is powered by on-board electric sources and is driven by electric motors. Electric vehicles have emerged only because of the rise in cost of fuels and pollution. As they are ecologically sound, they are referred to as green transportation. The electric motor based was selected based on its rating of energy efficient. The rated values of the vehicle dynamics include on various parameters e.g motor output, power, traction-torque and speed. The motor rating is adjusted according to the carrying load, so as to achieve the characteristics of traction. The IC engine of the traditional vehicles is replaced by the electric motor which would act as the leading prime mover component used to drive the E-vehicle. Thus, the selected electric motor provides an adequate power for traction purpose. The structural optimization of the vehicle in-terms of deflection, proof-resilience and Von-misses stress analysis has been carried out using FEA software. EVs are gaining popularity due to their low emissions, reduced operating costs and advances in battery technology, which have increased their range and performance.