To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Motor vehicle emissions.
Journal articles on the topic 'Motor vehicle emissions'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Motor vehicle emissions.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
BEBKIEWICZ, Katarzyna, Zdzisław CHŁOPEK, Jakub LASOCKI, Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI, and Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA. "Characteristics of pollutant emission from motor vehicles for the purposes of the Central Emission Database in Poland." Combustion Engines 177, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-229.
Full textAbstract:
Within the Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute the Central Emission Database is being established. The Database will cover the most important emission sectors from anthropogenic activities, including usage of motor vehicles. The intensity of emissions of individual pollutants is the input data to air pollution dispersion models. Based on calculations performed by the air pollution dispersion models concentration of pollutants dispersed in atmospheric air (pollution immission) is provided. The annual average immision for a selected place in Poland is a measure of the threat to environment. In order to determine the intensity of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles it is necessary to recognize the intensity of vehicle motion and the volume of emission of pollutants depending on the type of vehicle motion. The task presented in this article is to determine the characteristics of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles depending on the type of their motion. The mean value of vehicle speeds was used to characterize the type of vehicle motion. The emission of pollutants from vehicles is therefore characterized by the dependence of road emissions of pollutants on the average speed of vehicles. The characteristics were determined for cumulated categories of motor vehicles: passenger cars, light commercial vehicles as well as heavy duty trucks and buses. The results of the inventory of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles in Poland in 2016 were used to determine the characteristics of pollutant emissions.
2
Rana, M. M., M. H. Khan, M. A. K. Azad, S. Rahman, and S. A. Kabir. "Estimation of Idle Emissions from the On-Road Vehicles in Dhaka." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i1.41501.
Full textAbstract:
Vehicle emission is a major source of air pollution in Dhaka. Old fleet, lack of maintenance, improper traffic and parking management, overloading, fuel adulteration etc. are responsible for high emissions from the vehicle sector. In this study, vehicle emissions have been measured on-road in Dhaka using an Automotive Gas Analyzer and Smoke Opacity Meter to determine the existing vehicle emission scenario in the city. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in the emissions from CNG/gasoline vehicles, and opacity of the emissions from diesel vehicles were measured. The results were compared with the corresponding national limit values. It was found that all types of CNG vehicles performed very well with more than 80% satisfying the corresponding limit values. Private cars ranked at the top in performance among the CNG/gasoline vehicles. Diesel vehicles were found as the worst polluters in the vehicle sector; emissions from about 75% of the diesel vehicles had opacity more than 65 HSU, the national limit value for emissions from diesel vehicles. Motor cycles were also highly polluting; 60% of the motor cycles emitted CO and HC concentrations higher than the respective national emission limit values.
3
Singer, Jonah, and Eden Oelze. "In-water and in-air vehicle velocity estimation via harmonic and Doppler analysis." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010902.
Full textAbstract:
Remotely-controlled (RC) vehicles, such as RC cars, boats, planes, and drones, use high energy-density lithium polymer batteries that enable powerful brushless DC motors to propel them at remarkable velocities. In prior work, measurements of the acoustic emissions from such motors on RC cars have been processed to estimate vehicle velocity, based on a spectral analysis of the emissions, together with a parametric model for the acoustic emissions, relating them to motor speed and vehicle velocity. This work builds on prior models for the acoustic emissions of the DC motors to estimate the motor speeds for in-water and in-air craft, including RC boats and drones. Spectrograms of the acoustic recordings of the vehicles at moving at constant velocity provide sufficient harmonic structure to effectively measure the Doppler shift at closest point of proximity, enabling vehicle velocity estimates. These, in turn, enable calibration of the harmonic structure for motor speed estimation. Preliminary results demonstrate the correlation between the speed profile of the vehicle, acoustic harmonic structure, and Doppler shift.
4
Zavala, M., S. C. Herndon, R. S. Slott, E. J. Dunlea, L. C. Marr, J. H. Shorter, M. Zahniser, et al. "Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 3 (June 12, 2006): 4689–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-4689-2006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A mobile laboratory was used to measure on-road vehicle emission ratios during the MCMA-2003 field campaign held during the spring of 2003 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The measured emission ratios represent a sample of emissions of in-use vehicles under real world driving conditions for the MCMA. From the relative amounts of NOx and selected VOC's sampled, the results indicate that the technique is capable of differentiating among vehicle categories and fuel type in real world driving conditions. Emission ratios for NOx, NOy, NH3, H2CO, CH3CHO, and other selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are presented for chase sampled vehicles and fleet averaged emissions. Results indicate that colectivos, particularly CNG-powered colectivos, are potentially significant contributors of NOx and aldehydes in the MCMA. Similarly, ratios of selected VOCs and NOy showed a strong dependence on traffic mode. These results are compared with the vehicle emissions inventory for the MCMA, other vehicle emissions measurements in the MCMA, and measurements of on-road emissions in US cities. Our estimates for motor vehicle emissions of benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde in the MCMA indicate these species are present in concentrations higher than previously reported. The high motor vehicle aldehyde emissions may have an impact on the photochemistry of urban areas.
5
Cui, Mengying, and David Levinson. "Internal and External Costs of Motor Vehicle Pollution." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (September 10, 2020): 498–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120941502.
Full textAbstract:
On-road emissions, a dominant source of urban air pollution, damage human health. Emissions increase air pollution intake (and damage health) of travelers (internal costs), and of non-travelers (external costs). This research constructs a framework modeling the microscopic production of emission cost from the vehicle and link level and applies it to a metropolitan road network. It uses project-level Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) simulations to model link-specific on-road emissions, and then employs the RLINE dispersion model to estimate on- and off-road concentrations of pollutants from vehicles. The internal and external emission costs are measured accordingly by counting the health damage costs of travelers and general population because of exposure. The framework is applied to the Minneapolis-St. Paul (Twin Cities) Metropolitan Area as a proof-of-concept. The estimates show that highways have higher emission concentrations because of higher traffic flow, but that the internal and external emission costs per vehicle kilometer traveled are lower. The emission costs that commuters impose on others greatly exceeds that which they bear. This modeling process is replicable for planners and practitioners assessing emission costs in other regions.
6
Sari, Erza Guspita, and Muhammad Sofwan. "Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions Due to Motor Vehicle Movements in Pekanbaru City, Indonesia." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 6, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2021.6.4.7692.
Full textAbstract:
Land use has a very close relationship with transportation. Transportation is formed as a result of the interaction between land use and its support system. Good land use supported by good infrastructure will result in good movement as well. Accessibility is one of the supporting factors for good interaction between transportation and land use—the better the land use conditions in an area, the greater the movement in that area. However, the interaction between land use and transportation can cause one of the problems: the increase in carbon dioxide emissions due to the more significant movement of motorized vehicles. Motor vehicles are the most significant contributor to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the world. The further the route traveled by motorized vehicles, the more carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions will increase. This study aims to analyze the average total emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) resulting from transportation activities in Pekanbaru City into two parts, namely: (1) Based on Travel Time (2) Based on the type of vehicle. Vehicle Kilometers of Travel (VKT) and Emission Factors are the primary data in calculating Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions. The research area consists of 12 zones involving 1,342 households in Pekanbaru City. Based on travel time, 52% of community motorized vehicle movement activities are carried out in the morning. Private cars contribute 65% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Pekanbaru City based on the type of vehicle. This study found that a high number of motorized vehicles cannot be used as a benchmark that the resulting emissions will also be high. However, the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) depends on the fuel consumption of each vehicle. The higher the fuel consumption, the higher the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions released by motorized vehicles.
7
Zavala, M., S. C. Herndon, R. S. Slott, E. J. Dunlea, L. C. Marr, J. H. Shorter, M. Zahniser, et al. "Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (November 8, 2006): 5129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5129-2006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A mobile laboratory was used to measure on-road vehicle emission ratios during the MCMA-2003 field campaign held during the spring of 2003 in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The measured emission ratios represent a sample of emissions of in-use vehicles under real world driving conditions for the MCMA. From the relative amounts of NOx and selected VOC's sampled, the results indicate that the technique is capable of differentiating among vehicle categories and fuel type in real world driving conditions. Emission ratios for NOx, NOy, NH3, H2CO, CH3CHO, and other selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are presented for chase sampled vehicles in the form of frequency distributions as well as estimates for the fleet averaged emissions. Our measurements of emission ratios for both CNG and gasoline powered "colectivos" (public transportation buses that are intensively used in the MCMA) indicate that – in a mole per mole basis – have significantly larger NOx and aldehydes emissions ratios as compared to other sampled vehicles in the MCMA. Similarly, ratios of selected VOCs and NOy showed a strong dependence on traffic mode. These results are compared with the vehicle emissions inventory for the MCMA, other vehicle emissions measurements in the MCMA, and measurements of on-road emissions in U.S. cities. We estimate NOx emissions as 100 600±29 200 metric tons per year for light duty gasoline vehicles in the MCMA for 2003. According to these results, annual NOx emissions estimated in the emissions inventory for this category are within the range of our estimated NOx annual emissions. Our estimates for motor vehicle emissions of benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde in the MCMA indicate these species are present in concentrations higher than previously reported. The high motor vehicle aldehyde emissions may have an impact on the photochemistry of urban areas.
8
Bishop, Gary A., Donald H. Stedman, and Lowell Ashbaugh. "Motor Vehicle Emissions Variability." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 46, no. 7 (July 1996): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1996.10467501.
Full text
9
Ubanwa, B., A. Burnette, S. Kishan, and S. G. Fritz,. "Exhaust Particulate Matter Emission Factors and Deterioration Rate for In-Use Motor Vehicles." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1559904.
Full textAbstract:
Recent measurements and modeling of primary exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions from both gasoline and diesel-powered motor vehicles suggest that many vehicles produce PM at rates substantially higher than assumed in the current EPA PM emission factor model, known as “PART5.” The discrepancy between actual versus modeled PM emissions is generally attributed to inadequate emissions data and outdated assumptions in the PART5 model. This paper presents a study with the objective of developing an in-house tool (a modified PART5 model) for the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) to use for estimating motor vehicle exhaust PM emissions in Texas. The work included chassis dynamometer emissions testing on several heavy-duty diesel vehicles at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), analysis of the exhaust PM emissions and other regulated pollutants (i.e., HC,CO,NOx), review of related studies and exhaust PM emission data obtained from literature of similar types of light and heavy-duty vehicle tests, a review of the current PART5 model, and analysis of the associated emission deterioration rates. Exhaust PM emissions data obtained from the vehicle testing at SwRI and other similar studies (covering a relatively large number and wide range of vehicles) were merged, and finally, used to modify the PART5 model. The modified model, which was named PART5-TX1, was then used to estimate new exhaust PM emission factors for in-use motor vehicles. Modifications to the model are briefly described, along with emissions test results from the heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles tested at SwRI. Readers interested in a detailed understanding of the techniques used to modify the PART5 model are referred to the final project report to TNRCC (Eastern Research Group 2000).
10
Hodijah, Nurhadi, Bintal Amin, and Mubarak Mubarak. "Estimasi Beban Pencemar Dari Emisi Kendaraan Bermotor di Ruas Jalan Kota Pekanbaru." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2014): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.1.2.p.71-79.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing population and economy in Pekanbaru City was clearly followed by anincrease in the number of motor vehicles has the potential to cause air pollution andendanger human health. This research was aimed to analyze the pollutant load gases of CO,HC, NO 2 , SO 2 and PM 10 emissions from motor vehicles at at Pekanbaru City. Survey on thevolume of motor vehicles, roadside air quality and vehicle emission test was conducted onthree different road in Pekanbaru city. The volume of motor vehicles and pollutants loadsfrom motor vehicle emissions was highest at Sudirman road and the lowest at Diponegororoad. There are very significant differences between Sudirman road with Diponegoro roadand Tuanku Tambusai road with Diponegoro road. Higher pollutant load was found for gasCO (76,4 %), than gas HC (19,4 %), gas NO 2 (3,6 %), gas SO 2 (0,1 % ) and PM 10 ( 0,7 % ).The largest contribution of pollutant load gas CO, HC and PM 10 comes from motorcycles, gasNO 2 from the city cars and gas SO 2 coming from the truck. The quality of roadside air in thethird road to the gases CO, NO 2 , SO 2 and PM 10 are still below the ambient air qualitystandards, whilest gas HC had passed the ambient air quality standard. A positive correlationbetween concentrations of roadside air pollutants with a load of motor vehicle emissions wasfound. The percentage of motor vehicle emission test results explain that the rates of vehiclesfueled with gasoline were higher than diesel vehicles and that do not pass of the emission testwere generally produced before 2007, while for diesel vehicles that do not pass the emissionstest opacity value that were produced in the 2010 onward.
11
Gallas, Dawid, Jerzy Merkisz, Maciej Andrzejewski, Sylwin Tomaszewski, Jan Strzemkowski, and Stepan Kinter. "Comparison of motor coach exhaust emissions in real operating conditions for different testing procedures." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929402004.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses the results of applying real driving emissions (RDE) testing methods in measuring the exhaust emissions of a passenger rail vehicle. Portable Emissions Measuring Systems (PEMS) were used to measure the exhaust emissions from a motor coach in real operation, performed on a test track for selected drive cycle parameters. The road emission values of exhaust components have been calculated and compared to road vehicles and road exhaust emission limits based on the legal norms. The assessment was concluded with a comparison of the environmental cost, in terms of exhaust emissions, of transporting passengers using the tested rail vehicle relative to alternative road transport, based on measurements in real operating conditions.
12
Xue, Yifeng, Xizi Cao, Yi Ai, Kangli Xu, and Yichen Zhang. "Primary Air Pollutants Emissions Variation Characteristics and Future Control Strategies for Transportation Sector in Beijing, China." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104111.
Full textAbstract:
Air pollutant emissions from vehicles, railways, and aircraft for freight and passenger transportation are major sources of air pollution, and strongly impact the air quality of Beijing, China. To better understand the variation characteristics of these emissions, we used the emission factor method to quantitatively determine the air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector. The emission intensity of different modes of transportation was estimated, and measures are proposed to prevent and control air pollutants emitted from the transportation sector. The results showed that air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector have been decreasing year by year as a result of the reduction in emissions from motor vehicles, benefiting from the structural adjustment of motor vehicles. A comparison of the emission intensity of primary air pollutants from different modes of transportation showed that the emission level of railway transportation was much lower than that of road transportation. However, Beijing relies heavily on road transportation, with road freight transportation accounting for 96% of freight transportation, whereas the proportion of railway transportation was low. Primary air pollutants from the transportation sector contributed significantly to the total emissions in Beijing. The proportion of NOX emissions increased from 54% in 2013 to 58% in 2018. To reduce air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector, further adjustments and optimization of the structure of transportation in Beijing are needed. As for the control of motor vehicle pollutant emissions, vehicle composition must be adjusted and the development of clean energy must be promoted, as well as the replacement of diesel vehicles with electric vehicles for passenger and freight transportation.
13
Williams, M. L. "Relating Vehicle Emission Regulations to Air Quality." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 202, no. 4 (October 1988): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_180_02.
Full textAbstract:
The European regulations governing the emissions of gaseous pollutants from gasoline-engined motor vehicles is reviewed and discussed, including the so-called ‘Luxembourg Agreement’. The relationship between the regulation emission limits and those measured in practice from ‘as-received’ vehicles in use is also discussed. Having discussed the relationship between regulations and emissions, the further relationships between vehicle emissions and air quality are also discussed, giving particular attention to carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and lead.
14
Haling, Daniel, and Harry Cohen. "Residential Noise Damage Costs Caused by Motor Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1559, no. 1 (January 1996): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155900111.
Full textAbstract:
An estimate of noise damage costs caused by motor vehicles has been performed. The damage calculation is based on the reduction of property values caused by vehicle noise emissions. Noise emission models are used to determine the noise levels emitted by various vehicle types, dependent on speed, volume of traffic on the roadway, and type of housing development that surrounds the roadway. The cost estimation illustrates the large variation in noise damage caused by different vehicle types, operating conditions, and location of the roadway in relation to residential areas.
15
Wang, Qing Song, Xue Liang Yuan, and Chun Yuan Ma. "Air Environmental Impact Research of Urban Traffic Development – A Case Study." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.854.
Full textAbstract:
With the speed-up of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles has increased rapidly, which is the main urban air pollutant source because of too much emitted exhaust gas. Based on the motor vehicle exhaust emissions in Shandong Province in 2006, using trend extrapolation and scenario analysis, predict the motor vehicle exhaust emissions for future planning. The results show that the motor vehicles in 2015and 2020 are 27.52 million and 34.53 million, which is 1.9times and 2.38 times of the motor vehicles in 2006, respectively. For the specific air pollutants from motor vehicles exhaust in 2020, SO2, NOx, PM2.5 and PM10 will reach 28.4 thousand tons, 356.7 thousand tons, 10.8 thousand tons and 12.2 thousand tons, which will be 3 times, 1.2 times, 5 times and 5 times of the emissions in 2006. The urban air pollutions caused by motor vehicles exhaust will be very serious.
16
Washington, Simon, Jean Wolf, and Randall Guensler. "Binary Recursive Partitioning Method for Modeling Hot-Stabilized Emissions From Motor Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1587, no. 1 (January 1997): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1587-11.
Full textAbstract:
An alternative statistical modeling approach, hierarchical tree-based regression (HTBR), is presented for developing modal correction factors for hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from motor vehicles. The term modal refers to operating modes of vehicle activity such as cruise, idle, deceleration, and acceleration. Explanation of the statistical theory is provided, followed by a presentation of specific modeling results for HCs. The modeling results are based on 4,800 vehicle emissions tests representing 29 laboratory testing cycles. HTBR methods are indicated to overcome statistical difficulties that are problematic for classical ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression, a commonly applied statistical technique for analyzing emissions data. HTBR methods are more adept at treating interactions and monotonic transformations on independent variables, better at handling categorical independent variables with more than two levels, not adversely affected by multicollinearity, and good at capturing nonadditive behavior across the range of independent variables. Unfortunately, HTBR theory is less well developed than OLS regression theory, and statistical parameter properties, such as efficiency, unbiasedness, and consistency, need further development. The HTBR modeling results for HCs are insightful. Hydrocarbon emissions from normal-emitting motor vehicles are most sensitive to changes in power (instantaneous speed2 ƃ acceleration) requirements of a given driving sequence, while high-emitting vehicles are sensitive to both the amount of idle activity and positive kinetic energy (instantaneous speed ƃ acceleration) in a given driving sequence. Vehicle model year, engine size (cubic centimeters of displacement), curbside weight, and fuel delivery type (fuel injected, throttle body injected, carbureted), also were indicated to influence emission rates. Finally, high- and normal-emitting vehicles are sensitive to different operational and vehicle specific factors.
17
MACIEJEWSKA, Marta, Paweł FUĆ, and Monika KARDACH. "Analysis of electric motor vehicles market." Combustion Engines 179, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-428.
Full textAbstract:
The increasingly restrictive standards related to exhaust emissions from cars make difficult the development of internal combustion engines. The activities undertaken in the design of internal combustion engines are mainly based on downsizing, e.g decreasing the engines displacement. The main direction in the development of vehicle propulsion is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. It is expected to reduce CO2 emissions in 2020 to reach 95 g/km. Electric vehicles achieve low noise levels and do not emitted a burn, and thus, their use leads to a reduction in the amount of toxic exhaust gases in the air. The aspect of reducing emissions of harmful exhaust compounds and activities focusing on downsizing on the market of combustion engine cars leads to a significant increase the number of electric vehicles. In 2018 around 95 million motor vehicles were registered in the world, of which around 12 million in the European Union and 273 thousand in Poland. The number of electric vehicles among all sold is around 5.5%. Every year new, more technologically advanced models appear on the electric vehicle market. In 2018, the most popular model was the Nissan LEAF and the BAIC EC-Series. A large number of Renault ZOE have also been sold. In article analyzed different models of electric vehicle, which are available on market and presented the characteristics based on e.g. price per 100 kilometers, range for every model or charging time.
18
Wang, Haiwei, Huiying Wen, Feng You, Jianmin Xu, and Hailin Kui. "Motor Vehicle Emission Modeling and Software Simulation Computing for Roundabout in Urban City." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/312396.
Full textAbstract:
In urban road traffic systems, roundabout is considered as one of the core traffic bottlenecks, which are also a core impact of vehicle emission and city environment. In this paper, we proposed a transport control and management method for solving traffic jam and reducing emission in roundabout. The platform of motor vehicle testing system and VSP-based emission model was established firstly. By using the topology chart of the roundabout and microsimulation software, we calculated the instantaneous emission rates of different vehicle and total vehicle emissions. We argued that Integration-Model, combing traffic simulation and vehicle emission, can be performed to calculate the instantaneous emission rates of different vehicle and total vehicle emissions at the roundabout. By contrasting the exhaust emissions result between no signal control and signal control in this area at the rush hour, it draws a conclusion that setting the optimizing signal control can effectively reduce the regional vehicle emission. The proposed approach has been submitted to a simulation and experiment that involved an environmental assessment in Satellite Square, a roundabout in medium city located in China. It has been verified that setting signal control with knowledge engineering and Integration-Model is a practical way for solving the traffic jams and environmental pollution.
19
Mokhtar, Ali, Ali Saifullah, and Andinusa Rahmandhika. "Honeycomb-Shaped Brass Plate Catalyst to Reduce Motor Vehicle Emissions." Journal of Energy Mechanical Material and Manufacturing Engineering 6, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jemmme.v6i1.15532.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing number of motorized vehicles has a direct impact on exhaust gas air pollution. The air pollution in urban areas is dominated by motorized vehicle emissions, along with pollution problems. This study aims to reduce motor vehicle emissions by using a catalytic converter design made from a brass plate catalyst in the shape of a honeycomb. Honeycomb-shaped brass is suitable for catalysts in the catalytic converter. Besides being easy to obtain and cheap in price, the catalyst can reduce and oxidize exhaust gases well, making it suitable as a catalyst material. The method used in this research is the experimental method. It is started from the design of the catalytic converter house and determining the type of catalyst to the process of making the catalytic converter with a honeycomb-shaped brass plate. Then, testing to determine the emission of exhaust gases produced is required. The last step is to compare it without using a catalytic converter or standard conditions. From the results of the emission test, it was found that the use of a catalytic converter made from a brass plate catalyst in the shape of a honeycomb can reduce HC and CO emissions, while CO2 emissions have increased. A decrease in HC gas emissions by 19.1% for a single catalytic converter and 33.7% for a dual catalytic converter is better compared to without using a catalytic converter or standard conditions. Reduced CO gas emissions by 23.8% for a single catalytic converter and 43.1% for a dual catalytic converter are compared to without using a catalytic converter. Meanwhile, CO2 gas emissions increased by 60.7% for a single catalytic converter, and 81.6% for multiple catalytic converters are compared without using a catalytic converter. This is a result of the addition of oxygen to the oxidation process that running smoothly.
20
Baek, Bok H., Rizzieri Pedruzzi, Minwoo Park, Chi-Tsan Wang, Younha Kim, Chul-Han Song, and Jung-Hun Woo. "The Comprehensive Automobile Research System (CARS) – a Python-based automobile emissions inventory model." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 12 (June 21, 2022): 4757–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4757-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Comprehensive Automobile Research System (CARS) is an open-source Python-based automobile emissions inventory model designed to efficiently estimate high-quality emissions from motor vehicle emission sources. It can estimate air pollutant, greenhouse gas, and air toxin criteria at any spatial resolution based on the spatiotemporal resolutions of input datasets. The CARS is designed to utilize local vehicle activity data, such as vehicle travel distance, road-link-level network geographic information system (GIS) information, and vehicle-specific average speed by road type, to generate an automobile emissions inventory for policymakers, stakeholders, and the air quality modeling community. The CARS model adopted the European Environment Agency's on-road automobile emissions calculation methodologies to estimate the hot exhaust, cold start, and evaporative emissions from on-road automobile sources. It can optionally utilize average speed distribution (ASD) of all road types to reflect more realistic vehicle speed variations. In addition, through utilizing high-resolution road GIS data, the CARS can estimate the road-link-level emissions to improve the inventory's spatial resolution. When we compared the official 2015 national mobile emissions from Korea's Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) against the ones estimated by the CARS, there is a significant increase in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (33 %) and carbon monoxide (CO) (52 %) measured, with a slight increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (15 %) emissions. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulfur oxide (SOx) measurements are reduced by 24 % and 17 %, respectively, in the CARS estimates. The main differences are driven by different vehicle activities and the incorporation of road-specific ASD, which plays a critical role in hot exhaust emission estimates but was not implemented in Korea's CAPSS mobile emissions inventory. While 52 % of vehicles use gasoline fuel and 35 % use diesel, gasoline vehicles only contribute 7.7 % of total NOx emissions, whereas diesel vehicles contribute 85.3 %. However, for VOC emissions, gasoline vehicles contribute 52.1 %, whereas diesel vehicles are limited to 23 %. Diesel buses comprise only 0.3 % of vehicles and have the largest contribution to NOx emissions (8.51 % of NOx total) per vehicle due to having longest daily vehicle kilometer travel (VKT). For VOC emissions, compressed natural gas (CNG) buses are the largest contributor at 19.5 % of total VOC emissions. For primary PM2.5, more than 98.5 % is from diesel vehicles. The CARS model's in-depth analysis feature can assist government policymakers and stakeholders in developing the best emission abatement strategies.
21
Zulkifli, Saiful A., Syaifuddin Mohd, Nordin B. Saad, and A. Rashid A. Aziz. "Impact of Motor Size & Efficiency on Acceleration, Fuel Consumption & Emissions of Split-Axle Through-the-Road Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.498.
Full textAbstract:
A split-axle parallel hybrid drive-train with in-wheel motors allows for existing combustion-engine-driven vehicles to be converted into a hybrid vehicle with minor mechanical modification, resulting in a retrofit-conversion hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). This is achieved by placing electric motors in the hub of the otherwise non-driven wheels. Due to the wheel hub’s size constraint, the allowable size and power of the electric in-wheel motor that can be installed is severely restricted to less than 10 kW per wheel, which raises the concern of lack of improved performance compared to the original vehicle. This work analyzes the influence of motor sizing and efficiency on acceleration performance, fuel consumption and emission levels of three different converted hybrid vehicles, through simulation. Results provide insight into sensitivity of different-sized vehicles with varying-size engines, to the size and efficiency of the retrofitted electric motor.
22
KABIT, MOHAMAD RADUAN, JEFFERY LEE SIONG TING, and ABDULLAH YASSIN. "TOWARDS CAMPUS SUSTAINABILITY: ESTIMATING ON-CAMPUS VEHICLE CO2 EMISSIONS IN UNIMAS." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 17, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.06.015.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from motor vehicles is a one of major contributing factors to global warming. Efforts to reduce CO2 emissions should involve all parties including universities. In 2017, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) has committed to reduce CO2 emissions from its campus upon joining the low-carbon campus initiative. Thus, the current study aims to estimate the baseline of on-campus vehicle CO2 emissions by using mobility analysis of 5,294 entry vehicle data from two main gates (West and East) and 15 parking zones in the campus. Parking volume observations and traffic assignment analysis using the Bureau of Public Roads functions were undertaken to determine the links’ volumes. Subsequently, vehicle CO2 emissions were derived from the estimated vehicle fuel consumption. The results reveal that a total of 1,333.4 kg of CO2 emissions were expelled by on-campus motorised vehicle movements (which were predominantly petrol cars that comprised 80% of the observed vehicle trips). Additionally, the study discovered that the average on-campus vehicle CO2 emission was 12.4 kg per kilometre which far exceeds the European Standard for road traffic CO2 emissions. Thus, to achieve the status of a low-carbon campus, it is imperative for the university management to properly address Sector 3 CO2 emissions from the transportation segment by employing effective strategies and policies to significantly reduce private vehicle dependency among university staff and students.
23
Koupal, John, Timothy DeFries, Cindy Palacios, Scott Fincher, and Diane Preusse. "Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator Input Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2427, no. 1 (January 2014): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2427-07.
Full text
24
Harrington, Winston. "Fuel Economy and Motor Vehicle Emissions." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 33, no. 3 (July 1997): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1997.0994.
Full text
25
Andrych-Zalewska, Monika, Zdzislaw Chlopek, Jerzy Merkisz, and Jacek Pielecha. "Investigations of Exhaust Emissions from a Combustion Engine under Simulated Actual Operating Conditions in Real Driving Emissions Test." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040935.
Full textAbstract:
The paper describes the methodology of research of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine under engine states determined by the vehicle actual operation in the RDE test. The processes of quantities determining the vehicle motion and engine states have been recorded, along with the exhaust emission intensity. Based on the developed research methodology, zero-dimensional characteristics of the processes of the emission intensity have been determined under the conditions of urban, rural and motorway traffic, as well as in the entire test. The authors also determined the average specific distance exhaust emissions under the conditions of urban, rural and motorway traffic, as well as in the entire test. Based on the above results, the unique characteristics of the relation of the average specific distance emissions and the average vehicle speed have been obtained. The obtained characteristics may be used in the modeling of exhaust emissions from motor vehicles under actual traffic conditions. The authors also explored the sensitivity of the average specific distance emissions to the vehicle driving style.
26
Zhang, Wei, Hong Chen, and Sufang Wang. "Who Contributes to the Sunk Costs of Motor Vehicle Carbon Emissions and Human Capital?" Journal of Global Information Management 30, no. 6 (September 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.300815.
Full textAbstract:
Most carbon emission reduction studies in transportation focus on the natural use of motor vehicles. However, little attention has been paid to fatal driving violations that lead to the sunk costs of human resources investment and motor vehicle carbon emissions in the manufacturing process of motor vehicles. This article aimed to determine if a driver would be seriously harmful to human capital investment and carbon emissions reduction. 1893 drivers in China were formally surveyed by questionnaire to find out the statistical characteristics. Results indicated that different drivers show significant differences in different driving violations dimensions. Specific drivers showing horrible driving violation (HDV) and dangerous driving violation (DDV) mainly endanger personal security and environmental damage. The identification of the focused drivers would contribute to formulate more refined management policies in carbon emission reduction, improve natural resource utilization, raise human capital benefit, and promote social sustainable development.
27
Slavin, Viktor, Yevheniy Shuba, Jacek Caban, Jonas Matijosius, Alfredas Rimkus, Anatolii Korpach, and Serhiy Gutarevych. "The Performance of a Car with Various Engine Power Systems – Part II." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2022-0013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Reducing exhaust emissions from motor vehicles has become a major task in the design of modern motor vehicles. Internal combustion engines, despite the increasingly frequent restrictions on, for example, entry to city centers, still constitute the majority of the used motor vehicles. For these reasons, it is very important to properly operate and control the used motor vehicles, especially in the field of exhaust emissions. One way is to replacement of the vehicle fleet and individual cars with newer generation vehicles. Unfortunately, due to economic differences in the world, the rolling stock replacement process is not the same in all countries. However, despite these differences, even in less developed countries, efforts are being made to reduce vehicle emissions. This work presents road, bench and computational comparative tests of the fuel, economic, environmental and energy characteristics of a series car with a standard carburetor supply system and equipped with an electronic gasoline injection system and a three-component catalyst under operating conditions.
28
Guo, Dongdong, Hongyuan Wei, Yong Guo, Chuanqi Wang, and Zenghui Yin. "Non-exhaust particulate matter emission from vehicles: A review." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801015.
Full textAbstract:
According to the source, particulate matter produced during vehicle driving can be divided into exhaust emission and non-exhaust emission. Exhaust emission includes exhaust pipe emission and crankcase emission, while non-exhaust emission includes brake wear, tire wear, road wear and road dust. For a long time, it has been considered that the particulate matter pollution of motor vehicles mainly comes from exhaust emissions, and the control of particulate matter pollution in various countries is mainly concentrated in the tail gas. However, with the continuous tightening of emission standards, the emission of particulate matter has been reduced, but also makes the environmental pollution of non-exhaust particulate matter increasingly prominent. This paper summarizes the research on vehicle non-exhaust particulate matter emissions, aiming to emphasize the importance of non-exhaust particulate matter emissions and the necessity of legislation, so as to reduce their contribution to environmental particulate matter concentration.
29
Budiyono, Budiyono. "Pengaruh Catalytic Converter Dari Bahan Kuningan Dengan Ketebalan 0,3 mm Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang Kendaraan Pada Motor Honda Supra 2015." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 13, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jtm.13.1.356.
Full textAbstract:
There are two methods to reduce exhaust emissions in a motorized vehicle, namely by improving fuel and motorbike technology in such a way that better combustion occurs and produces lower emissions and by the addition of exhaust emission control devices or devices. Catalytic Converter is a device used as an exhaust gas emission control that is placed after the exhaust manifold on a motor vehicle exhaust system. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of the use of catalytic converters of brass material to reduce CO and HC gas levels in motor vehicles. Tests carried out using a gas analyzer to determine the value of CO and HC concentrations. Exhaust gas testing is carried out in two stages, namely exhaust emission test with standard exhaust and exhaust emission test with catalytic converter with variations of engine speed 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3000 rpm, 3500 rpm, 4000 rpm. From the results of the study it was found that the influence of the use of catalytic converters of brass with a thickness of 0.3 mm with the fin model experienced a decrease in the level of exhaust gas emissions most effectively at 1500 rpm engine speed ie CO value decreased 1.82% from 3.96% to 2.14% and HC values decreased by 4,412 ppm from 9,999 ppm down to 5,587 ppm. So motor vehicles using a catalytic converter made of brass with a thickness of 0.3 mm will be able to reduce CO exhaust emissions by 2.14% and HC by 3.96%
30
Liu, Yan, and Cinzia Cirillo. "Model System to Evaluate Impacts of Vehicle Purchase Tax and Fuel Tax on Household Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2503, no. 1 (January 2015): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2503-06.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a model system to forecast household-level greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) from private transportation and evaluate the effects of car-related taxation schemes on vehicle emissions. The system contains four submodels that specifically capture households' vehicle and vintage, quantity, usage, and GHGE rates (GHGERs) by vehicle type. The vehicle GHGERs are calculated with the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator 2014, which is authorized by the Environmental Protection Agency. The whole model system was applied to the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. The 2009 National Household Travel Survey was employed with supplementary data from Consumer Reports, American Fact Finder, and 2009 state motor vehicle registrations. The study proposed two tax schemes, vehicle purchase tax and fuel tax, and predicted their effects on reductions in vehicle GHGEs. The average annual GHGE per vehicle was 5.86 tons of carbon dioxide–equivalent gas without the proposed taxes. After two taxation policies were implemented, the results showed the following: (a) the impacts on reducing GHGEs from fuel taxes were higher than those from purchase taxes, (b) purchase taxes reduced GHGEs mainly by decreasing the number of cars of households with more vehicles, and (c) fuel taxes successfully reduced GHGEs by decreasing the use of cars by households with fewer vehicles. The model system can be extended to other zones, counties, states, and nations.
31
Guensler, Randall, Haobing Liu, Yanzhi (Ann) Xu, Alper Akanser, Daejin Kim, Michael P. Hunter, and Michael O. Rodgers. "Energy Consumption and Emissions Modeling of Individual Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2627, no. 1 (January 2017): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2627-11.
Full textAbstract:
This study demonstrated an approach to modeling individual vehicle second-by-second fuel consumption and emissions on the basis of vehicle operations. The approach used the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES)–Matrix, a high-performance vehicle emissions modeling system consisting of a multidimensional array of vehicle emissions rates (pulled directly from EPA’s MOVES emissions model) that could be quickly queried by other models to generate an applicable emissions rate for any specified on-road fleet and operating conditions. For this project, the research team developed a spreadsheet-based MOVES-Matrix calculator to simplify connecting vehicle activity data with multidimensional emissions rates from MOVES-Matrix. This paper provides a walk-through of the calculation procedures, from basic vehicle information and driving cycles to second-by-second emissions rates. The individual vehicle emissions modeling framework was incorporated into Commute Warrior, a trademarked travel survey application for Android smartphones, to provide real-time fuel consumption and emissions rate estimates from concurrently obtained GPS-based speed data.
32
Mu, Hongyu, Yinyan Wang, Hong Teng, Yan Jin, Xingtian Zhao, and Xiaolong Zhang. "Cooling system based on double-ball motor control valve." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 5 (May 2021): 168781402110112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211011280.
Full textAbstract:
To realize eco-models based on (where 3R represents reducing, reusing, and recycling), both researchers and automobile development departments use controllable components to reduce vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. In this context, this paper presents the design of a double-ball motor control valve (DB-MCV). When compared with use of a traditional thermostat, use of the proposed valve in a Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) allows the coolant temperature to be controlled accurately as per the vehicle operating conditions, with control accuracy of ±1°C. Using this approach, the engine pre-heating time is reduced by 61 s, the total hydrocarbon (THC)) emission is reduced by 6.79%, the CO emission is reduced by 7.18%, and NOX emission is reduced by 4.84%. Under the same vehicle and working conditions, the engine fuel consumption is reduced by 2.31% on average. Under the cabin heating condition, the cabin temperature can be increased by 4.3°C, which improves the thermal comfort of the driver. When the vehicle is stopped after running at high speed and the engine is idling, the coolant temperature in the engine decreases rapidly, which reduces the risk of a hot dip occurring in the engine.
33
Whaley, Cynthia H., Elisabeth Galarneau, Paul A. Makar, Michael D. Moran, and Junhua Zhang. "How much does traffic contribute to benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon air pollution? Results from a high-resolution North American air quality model centred on Toronto, Canada." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 5 (March 11, 2020): 2911–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2911-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic air pollutants that have long been associated with motor vehicle emissions, though the importance of such emissions has never been quantified over an extended domain using a chemical transport model. Herein we present the first application of such a model (GEM-MACH-PAH) to examine the contribution of motor vehicles to benzene and PAHs in ambient air. We have applied the model over a region that is centred on Toronto, Canada, and includes much of southern Ontario and the northeastern United States. The resolution (2.5 km) was the highest ever employed by a model for these compounds in North America, and the model domain was the largest at this resolution in the world to date. Using paired model simulations that were run with vehicle emissions turned on and off (while all other emissions were left on), we estimated the absolute and relative contributions of motor vehicles to ambient pollutant concentrations. Our results provide estimates of motor vehicle contributions that are realistic as a result of the inclusion of atmospheric processing, whereas assessing changes in benzene and PAH emissions alone would neglect effects caused by shifts in atmospheric oxidation and particle–gas partitioning. A secondary benefit of our scenario approach is in its utility in representing a fleet of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), whose adoption is being encouraged in a variety of jurisdictions. Our simulations predicted domain-average on-road vehicle contributions to benzene and PAH concentrations of 4 %–21 % and 14 %–24 % in the spring–summer and fall–winter periods, respectively, depending on the aromatic compound. Contributions to PAH concentrations up to 50 % were predicted for the Greater Toronto Area, and the domain maximum was simulated to be 91 %. Such contributions are substantially higher than those reported at the national level in Canadian emissions inventories, and they also differ from inventory estimates at the subnational scale in the US. Our model has been run at a finer spatial scale than reported in those inventories, and furthermore includes physico-chemical processing that alters pollutant concentrations after their release. The removal of on-road vehicle emissions generally led to decreases in benzene and PAH concentrations during both periods that were studied, though atmospheric processing (such as chemical reactions and changes to particle–gas partitioning) contributed to non-linear behaviour at some locations or times of year. Such results demonstrate the added value associated with regional air quality modelling relative to examinations of emissions inventories alone. We also found that removing on-road vehicle emissions reduced spring–summertime surface O3 volume mixing ratios and fall–wintertime PM10 concentrations each by ∼10 % in the model domain, providing further air quality benefits. Toxic equivalents contributed by vehicle emissions of PAHs were found to be substantial (20 %–60 % depending on location), and this finding is particularly relevant to the study of public health in the urban areas of our model domain where human population, ambient concentrations, and traffic volumes tend to be high.
34
Wolf, Jean, Randall Guensler, Simon Washington, and William Bachman. "High-Emitting Vehicle Characterization Using Regression Tree Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1641, no. 1 (January 1998): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1641-07.
Full textAbstract:
A small fraction of motor vehicles on the roadway emit a disproportionate fraction of pollutant emissions, especially for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Generally, these “high emitters” or “super emitters” exhibit higher emissions rates under all operating conditions than do “normal emitters.” Since the instantaneous emissions response between normal- and high-emitting vehicles can differ by one or more orders of magnitude, so do their average emissions over a “typical” trip. Identifying the proportion of normal- and high-emitting vehicles in an urban area and quantifying their emissions is vital for accurate emission inventory accounting. A methodology by which high and normal emitters can be classified is presented. Unlike previous emitter classification approaches, the approach is data driven and relies entirely on hot-stabilized emissions results. A statistical classification scheme, better known as hierarchical tree based regression, is used to separate vehicles into homogenous emitter categories. The approach is shown to have a number of advantages. First, it is flexible with respect to both the number of classes and types of variables used to identify classes. Second, it considers the influence of a large number of vehicle and technology attributes on emitter status. Third, it ensures that the highest emitters can be isolated from the normal emitters, so that separate emission rate models can be developed for these vehicles. Finally, the approach does not combine the effects of starts and hot-stabilized operations within the definition of high emitter, leading to a classification scheme whereby vehicles with poor start emissions characteristics will not be incorrectly classified as vehicles with poor hot-stabilized emission characteristics.
35
Sidebang, Purnama, Alda Safitri, Rahdatia Magvira S. Tarafannur, Ainurrahma Said, Nabila K. Mafud, and Gazali M. Lahe. "Sistem Filtering Berbahan Daun Mangga Untuk Emisi Partikulat Matter2,5." Jurnal Kesmas Jambi 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jkmj.v6i1.17373.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
The annual growth of the vehicle industry sector has the potential to spur economic growth, but it can also harm the environment. The negative impact that can endanger human health is air pollution. Particulate Matter 2.5μm (PM2.5) is a very small air pollutant in size that can cause various diseases such as disorders of the respiratory tract if exposed to PM2.5 while exceeding the quality standard and continuously (55μg/m3 for daily quality standard and 15μg/m3 annual quality standard). This study aimed to see the effectiveness of the filtering system tool made from mango leaves and activated carbon to reduce PM2.5 emissions. This study was an pra-experimental research design with the one-group pre-post test design method. The population in this study is PM2.5 particulate emissions deriving from two motor vehicle emissions, emission source 1 (old two-wheeled motor vehicles) and emission source 2 (new two-wheeled motor vehicles). PM2.5 data were collected using the EVM-7 tool. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of PM2.5 before and after the mango leaf filter was installed on both emission sources. The average concentration of particulate matter decreases with the influence of different temperatures and humidity. It is recommended to continue this research to develop a filtering tool that can be used by the wider community to reduce air pollution, especially PM2.5.
Keywords: PM2.5, Mango Leaf Filtering, Activated Carbon
36
Xu, Bin, Xiaokai Chen, and Jianyin Xiong. "Air quality inside motor vehicles' cabins: A review." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 4 (November 16, 2016): 452–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16679217.
Full textAbstract:
Among many environments, the motor vehicle cabin microenvironment has been of particular public concern. Although commuters typically spend only 5.5% of their time in vehicles, the emissions from various interior components of motor vehicles as well as emissions from exhaust fumes carried by ventilation supply air are significant sources of harmful air pollutants that could lead to unhealthy human exposure due to their high concentrations inside vehicles' cabins. This review summarizes significant findings in the literature on air quality inside vehicle cabins, including chemical species, related sources, measurement methodologies and control measures. More than 90 relevant studies performed across over 10 countries were carefully reviewed. These comprised more than 2000 individual road trips, where concentrations of numerous air pollutants were determined. Ultrafine particles, aromatic hydrocarbons, carbonyls, semi-volatile organic compounds and microbes have been identified as the primary air pollutants inside vehicle cabins. Air recirculation with high-efficiency air filter has been reported as the most effective measure to lower air pollutant concentrations. Future work should focus on investigating the health risks of exposure to various air pollutants inside different vehicles and further developing advanced air filter to improve the in-cabin air quality.
37
Utell, Mark J., Jane Warren, and Robert F. Sawyer. "Public Health Risks from Motor Vehicle Emissions." Annual Review of Public Health 15, no. 1 (May 1994): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.15.050194.001105.
Full text
38
Stanley, John, Richard Ellison, Chris Loader, and David Hensher. "Reducing Australian motor vehicle greenhouse gas emissions." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 109 (March 2018): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.01.002.
Full text
39
Bradley, Kimberly S., Kevin B. Brooks, Laura K. Hubbard, Peter J. Popp, and Donald H. Stedman. "Motor Vehicle Fleet Emissions by OP-FTIR." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 5 (March 2000): 897–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9909226.
Full text
40
Zhao, Zhen-Yi, Yang Cao, Yu Kang, and Zhen-Yi Xu. "Prediction of Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Traffic Emissions Based on Taxi Trajectories." International Journal of Automation and Computing 18, no. 2 (March 5, 2021): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11633-020-1271-y.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWith the rapid increase of the amount of vehicles in urban areas, the pollution of vehicle emissions is becoming more and more serious. Precise prediction of the spatiotemporal evolution of urban traffic emissions plays a great role in urban planning and policy making. Most existing methods usually focus on estimating vehicle emissions at historical or current moments which cannot well meet the demands of future planning. Recent work has started to pay attention to the evolution of vehicle emissions at future moments using multiple attributes related to emissions, however, they are not effective and efficient enough in the combination and utilization of different inputs. To address this issue, we propose a joint framework to predict the future evolution of vehicle emissions based on the GPS trajectories of taxis with a multi-channel spatiotemporal network and the motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) model. Specifically, we first estimate the spatial distribution matrices with GPS trajectories through map-matching algorithms. These matrices can reflect the attributes related to the traffic status of road networks such as volume, speed and acceleration. Then, our multi-channel spatiotemporal network is used to efficiently combine three key attributes (volume, speed and acceleration) through the feature sharing mechanism and generate a precise prediction of them in the future period. Finally, we adopt an MOVES model to estimate vehicle emissions by integrating several traffic factors including the predicted traffic states, road networks and the statistical information of urban vehicles. We evaluate our model on the Xi’an taxi GPS trajectories dataset. Experiments show that our proposed network can effectively predict the temporal evolution of vehicle emissions.
41
Andrlík, Břetislav. "Carbon Dioxide Emissions as an Indicator of Reduction of Negative Externalities Related to Road Motor Vehicle Operation." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 4 (2014): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462040613.
Full textAbstract:
This contribution deals with issues of carbon dioxide emissions generated by road motor vehicles in the Czech Republic and the European Union. We discuss the current need for the introduction of environmental features to the system of taxation of motor vehicles, aiming at the mitigation of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere. The most harmful substance produced during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels by motor vehicles is CO2, whose emissions are subsequently used as an instrument for green tax reforms in the European Union member states. In this article we define the main EU legal standards regulating harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere as a result of road motor transport. We may cite for instance the Regulation (EC) No. 443/2009 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars. The aim of the European Union is to reduce average emission values of new passenger cars sold in the EU to 130 g CO2/km by 2015 and to 95 g CO2/km by 2020. Assessment of tax on motor vehicles according to CO2 emissions shall help fulfil commitments from the Kyoto Protocol, aiming at the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
42
Yang, Ning, Lei Yang, Feng Xu, Xue Han, Bin Liu, Naiyuan Zheng, Yuan Li, Yu Bai, Liwei Li, and Jiguang Wang. "Vehicle Emission Changes in China under Different Control Measures over Past Two Decades." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416367.
Full textAbstract:
Vehicle emissions have become a significant source of air pollution in urban cities, especially in China. Mobile sources account for 45% of local fine particle emissions in the Chinese capital Beijing. The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) area, one of China’s most representative urban clusters, is suffering from severe air pollution. With the rapid growth of vehicle ownership in the past two decades, vehicle emissions in China have also undergone great changes under various management measures. The BTH region is also a place where mobile source emission management was carried out earlier. It is of important research value to understand the evolution trend of the vehicle ownerships in the BTH region and the actual effects of various management measures for the control of vehicle emissions. Due to the imperfect evaluation of the current vehicle emission limitation measures from 2000 to 2019, the vehicle emission inventory of the BTH region was established, and the major control measures in the BTH region were evaluated. Results showed that the vehicle ownership has been increasing year by year over the past 20 years, from 2.39 million in 2000 to 25.32 million in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 13.24%. However, the pollutants discharged by motor vehicles showed a trend of first rising and then falling due to various measures except CO2. The unsynchronized control measures have resulted in huge differences in vehicle growth trends and emissions among Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. The emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM10) in Beijing showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The changes in these pollutants in Tianjin were similar to those in Beijing, but there was a secondary increase for NOX and PM10 in the later period. The discharge of all pollutants in Hebei Province showed a growing trend except sulfur dioxide (SO2). The major emission source of CO and VOCs in BTH was PCs, and the contribution rate of PCs to VOCs, reached 86.0–89.6% in 2019. Heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) and buses were the main sources of NOX emissions, contributing 78.2–85.4% of NOX in 2019. Eliminating high emission vehicles was the best control measure in the BTH Region, which had a good emission reduction effect on all pollutants. For sustainable development of the BTH region, it is suggested that Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province implement vehicle control policies simultaneously and establish a joint management mechanism.
43
Li, Chenxu, Lei Yu, Weinan He, Ying Cheng, and Guohua Song. "Development of Local Emissions Rate Model for Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles: Beijing Field Data and Patterns of Emissions Rates in EPA Simulator." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2627, no. 1 (January 2017): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2627-08.
Full textAbstract:
A local emissions rate (ER) model is an important tool that is often combined with vehicle activity data in assessing the effect of traffic control strategies on emissions. Such a model is especially critical in developing countries where local emissions data are either unavailable or limited. This study sought to develop a local ER model for light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) based on limited emissions testing data from Beijing, emissions factors in the China vehicle emission model, and the regular patterns of ERs in the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) program. To this end, the research team first analyzed the characteristics of vehicle emissions on the basis of field data collected in Beijing. Then the authors summarized the regular pattern of ERs for LDGVs embedded in the MOVES model and examined consistency of normalized ERs derived from Beijing and the MOVES program. The normalized mean square error was used to evaluate the level of consistency. When consistency was sufficiently high, the regular pattern of ERs in the MOVES program was used to fill the missing field emissions data. Development of the model involved four essential elements: ( a) data-driven ERs, ( b) a supplement for high-power operating modes, ( c) modeling ERs of zero-mile-level emissions, and ( d) development of a deterioration model of ERs. On the basis of the proposed model, a local database of ERs for LDGVs was established and applied to assess the emissions benefit of electronic toll collection lanes.
44
Wang, Xin, Guohua Song, Yizheng Wu, Lei Yu, and Zhiqiang Zhai. "A NOx Emission Model Incorporating Temperature for Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles with Urea-SCR Systems Based on Field Operating Modes." Atmosphere 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10060337.
Full textAbstract:
The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is the most commonly used technique for decreasing the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs). However, the same injection strategy in the SCR system shows significant variations in NOx emissions even at the same operating mode. This kind of heterogeneity poses challenges to the development of emission inventories and to the assessment of emission reductions. Existing studies indicate that these differences are related to the exhaust temperature. In this study, an emission model is established for different source types of HDDVs based on the real-time data of operating modes. Firstly, the initial NOx emission rates (ERs) model is established using the field vehicle emission data. Secondly, a temperature model of the vehicle exhaust based on the vehicle specific power (VSP) and the heat loss coefficient is established by analyzing the influencing factors of the NOx conversion efficiency. Thirdly, the models of NOx emissions and the urea consumption are developed based on the chemical reaction in the SCR system. Finally, the NOx emissions are compared with the real-world emissions and the estimations by the proposed model and the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES). This indicates that the relative error by the proposed method is 12.5% lower than those calculated by MOVES. The characteristics of NOx emissions under different operating modes are analyzed through the proposed model. The results indicate that the NOx conversion rate of heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) is 39.2% higher than that of urban diesel transit buses (UDTBs).
45
Deysher, Beth, and Don Pickrell. "Emissions Reductions From Vehicle Retirement Programs." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1587, no. 1 (January 1997): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1587-14.
Full textAbstract:
Nonattainment areas taking advantage of EPA’s modified enforcement of the 1990 Clean Air Act mandates for unpopular emissions control measures will be required to identify alternative measures to reduce emissions, and several areas have indicated their intention to implement scrappage programs for older vehicles as a means of “replacing” the emissions reductions originally expected to result from these other measures. The potential reductions in fleetwide motor vehicle emissions from scrappage of all older light-duty vehicles in a typical urban area’s fleet are analyzed, and the sensitivity of those reductions to the timing of the program’s implementation and to alternative assumptions about more intensive use of vehicles remaining in the fleet are explored. The cost-effectiveness of such a program in reducing ozone precursor emissions is investigated and the reliability of estimates of the program’s effectiveness developed by using the MOBILE5a vehicle emissions model are evaluated. The likely emissions reductions from even so comprehensive a vehicle scrappage program cannot replace those anticipated to result from measures such as enhanced inspection and maintenance and sales of reformulated gasoline, but smaller-scale retirement programs may be a cost-effective element of a larger package of emissions reduction strategies.
46
Gil-García, Isabel C., Mª Socorro García-Cascales, Habib Dagher, and Angel Molina-García. "Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy Sources: Motor Fusion in the Energy Transition from a Multi-Indicator Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063430.
Full textAbstract:
Energy transition requires actions from different sectors and levels, mainly focused on achieving a low-carbon and high-renewable integration society. Among the different sectors, the transport sector is responsible for more than 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions, mostly emitted in cities. Therefore, initiatives and analysis focused on electric vehicles integration powered by renewables is currently a desirable solution to mitigate climate change and promote energy transition. Under this framework, this paper proposes a multi-indicator analysis for the estimation of CO2 emissions combining renewable integration targets, reduction emission targets and realistic renewable resource potentials. Four scenarios are identified and analyzed: (i) current situation with conventional vehicles, (ii) replacement of such conventional by electric vehicles without renewable integration, (iii) and (iv) integration of renewables to fulfill emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 respectively. The analysis is evaluated in the state of Maine (United States). From the results, a minimum renewable penetration of 39% and 82%, respectively, is needed to fulfill the emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 by considering 100% conventional vehicle replacement. Different combinations of available renewable resources can reduce emissions by more than 35%.
47
Susilawati, Evi, Zulfikar Ali As, and Munawar Raharja. "Perbandingan Kadar Emisi Gas Buang Karbon Monoksida (CO) Pada Kendaraan Bermotor Sistem Injeksi Otomatis." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 15, no. 1 (July 8, 2018): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v15i1.78.
Full textAbstract:
The Comparison Of Emission Levels Of Carbon Monoxide Exhaust Gas In Automatic Motor Vehicle Injection System. Transportation plays a very big role as a source of air pollution, especially exhaust emissions reach 60-70%. CO emitted by motor vehicle which exceed the standard be able to cause disturbance and even death. The development of a two-stroke engine vehicle into a four-step engine is a people demand who want a vehicle which is easy and comfortable. Indonesia has many different types of vehicles, but two types of motor vehicles with the YMJET-FI and PGM-FI system are most on the market. Three fuels such as premium, pertalite and pertamax are used by the public. This research was observational analytic, using Posttest Only Design to analyze the CO emission from YMJET-FI and PGM-FI engine with premium fuel, pertalite and pertamax. CO emission was tested at engine speed of 1.900-2.000 rpm and temperature 80oC. Analysis used Two Way Analysis of Variance statistic test with α = 0,05%. The results showed that
YMJET FI using premium emitted CO as 0,23%, pertalite 0,32% and pertamax 0,37%. PGM-FI using premium emitted 0,21% , pertalite 0,24% and pertamax 0,25%. The conclussion is, both of YMJET-FI and PGM-FI, using premium, pertalite and pertamax emitted CO lower than the emission quality standard according to KemenLH 2009 such as of 4,5%.
48
Zhao, Hong, Liang Mu, Yan Li, Junzheng Qiu, Chuanlong Sun, and Xiaotong Liu. "Unregulated Emissions from Natural Gas Taxi Based on IVE Model." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040478.
Full textAbstract:
Emissions from motor vehicles have gained the attention of government agencies. To alleviate air pollution and reduce the petroleum demand from vehicles in China, the policy of “oil to gas” was vigorously carried out. Qingdao began to promote the use of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in 2003. By the end of 2016, there were 9460 natural gas (NG) taxis in Qingdao, which accounted for 80% of the total taxis. An understanding of policy implementation for emission reductions is required. Experiments to obtain the taxi driving conditions and local parameters were investigated and an international vehicle emissions (IVE) localization model was established. Combined with vehicle mass analysis system (VMAS) experiments, the IVE localization model was amended and included the taxi pollutant emission factors. The result indicates that annual total carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from actual taxis are 6411.87 t, carbureted hydrogen (HC) emissions are 124.85 t, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are 1397.44 t and particulate matter (PM) emissions are 8.9 t. When the taxis are running on pure natural gas, the annual emissions of CO, HC, NOx and PM are 4942.3 t, 48.15 t, 1496.01 t and 5.13 t, respectively. Unregulated emissions of annual total formaldehydes, benzene, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadience emissions from an actual taxi are 65.99 t, 4.68 t, 1.04 t and 8.83 t. When the taxi is running on pure natural gas, the above unregulated emissions are 12.11 t, 1.27 t, 1.5 t and 0.02 t, respectively.
49
Liao, Kun, Ni Zhang, Lingyun Wei, Wen Sun, and Shenghua Qu. "Study on the decomposition of vehicle evaporative emissions." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801016.
Full textAbstract:
With the further tightening of light vehicle emission regulations, the emission limit of evaporative pollutants is reduced from 2.0g/test to 0.7g/test from the fifth stage to the sixth stage in China. The definition of evaporative pollutants in the regulation refers to the hydrocarbon loss from the fuel system of the vehicle. Through the actual evaporation test, it is found that the tested emissions include not only the hydrocarbon emissions from the fuel system, but also the hydrocarbon emissions from the non fuel system. In this study, an experimental study on evaporative pollutants was carried out for a vehicle and its components developed by Dongfeng Motor Company. The results show that the hydrocarbon emission from fuel system accounts for 21% of the total hydrocarbon emission. In order to reduce the emission of evaporative pollutants, we can start from two aspects: one is to improve the design of fuel system; the other is to carry out specific pretreatment for non fuel system.
50
Cao, Xiangyang, Jinbo Liu, Dongxue Wang, Changzhong Wu, and Jiaxin Tian. "Design of a Two-phase Brushless DC Motor Control System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2417, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2417/1/012028.
Full textAbstract:
With the depletion of petrochemical resources in the whole region, reducing the dependence on petrochemical energy, and reducing environmental pollution and carbon emissions have become the common goal of the world. Pure electric vehicles are a kind of new energy vehicle. Compared with fuel vehicles and other types of electric vehicles, they have high energy utilization efficiency, low price, and less pollution emission. Therefore, this paper will discuss the structure, working principle, and control system of the two-phase brushless DC motor and put forward the two-phase four-bridge arm drive scheme to improve the voltage utilization rate and achieve more environmentally friendly and efficient electric energy application.