Journal articles: 'Motor theory of speech perception'

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Massaro, Dominic W., and Trevor H. Chen. "The motor theory of speech perception revisited." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 15, no. 2 (April 2008): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/pbr.15.2.453.

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Galantucci, Bruno, Carol A. Fowler, and M. T. Turvey. "The motor theory of speech perception reviewed." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 13, no. 3 (June 2006): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193857.

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Liberman, Alvin M., and Ignatius G. Mattingly. "The motor theory of speech perception revised." Cognition 21, no. 1 (October 1985): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(85)90021-6.

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Stasenko, Alena, Frank E. Garcea, and Bradford Z. Mahon. "What happens to the motor theory of perception when the motor system is damaged?" Language and Cognition 5, no. 2-3 (September 2013): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/langcog-2013-0016.

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AbstractMotor theories of perception posit that motor information is necessary for successful recognition of actions. Perhaps the most well known of this class of proposals is the motor theory of speech perception, which argues that speech recognition is fundamentally a process of identifying the articulatory gestures (i.e. motor representations) that were used to produce the speech signal. Here we review neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the motor system, in the context of motor theories of perception applied to both manual actions and speech. Motor theories of perception predict that patients with motor impairments will have impairments for action recognition. Contrary to that prediction, the available neuropsychological evidence indicates that recognition can be spared despite profound impairments to production. These data falsify strong forms of the motor theory of perception, and frame new questions about the dynamical interactions that govern how information is exchanged between input and output systems.

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Fox, Robert Allen. "Modularity and the Motor Theory of Speech Perception." Journal of Phonetics 22, no. 1 (January 1994): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4470(19)30270-0.

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Devlin, Joseph T., and Jennifer Aydelott. "Speech Perception: Motoric Contributions versus the Motor Theory." Current Biology 19, no. 5 (March 2009): R198—R200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.01.005.

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Galantucci, B., C. A. Fowler, and M. T. Turvey. "Erratum to: The motor theory of speech perception reviewed." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 13, no. 4 (August 2006): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193990.

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Schwartz, Jean-Luc, Anahita Basirat, Lucie Ménard, and Marc Sato. "The Perception-for-Action-Control Theory (PACT): A perceptuo-motor theory of speech perception." Journal of Neurolinguistics 25, no. 5 (September 2012): 336–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2009.12.004.

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Ivry, Richard B., and Timothy C. Justus. "A neural instantiation of the motor theory of speech perception." Trends in Neurosciences 24, no. 9 (September 2001): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01897-x.

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Moulin-Frier, Clément, and Michael A. Arbib. "Recognizing speech in a novel accent: the motor theory of speech perception reframed." Biological Cybernetics 107, no. 4 (June 11, 2013): 421–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00422-013-0557-3.

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Roy, Alice C., and Michael A. Arbib. "The syntactic motor system." Gesture 5, no. 1-2 (2005): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.5.1-2.03roy.

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The human brain has mechanisms that can support production and perception of language. We ground the evolution of these mechanisms in primate systems that support manual dexterity, especially the mirror system that integrates execution and observation of hand movements. We relate the motor theory of speech perception to the mirror system hypothesis for language and evolution; explore links between manual actions and speech; contrast “language” in apes with language in humans; show in what sense the “syntax” implemented in Broca’s area is a “motor syntax” far more general than the syntax of linguistics; and relate communicative goals to sentential form.

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Roy, Alice C., and Michael A. Arbib. "The syntactic motor system." Gestural Communication in Nonhuman and Human Primates 5, no. 1-2 (December 16, 2005): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.5.1.03roy.

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The human brain has mechanisms that can support production and perception of language. We ground the evolution of these mechanisms in primate systems that support manual dexterity, especially the mirror system that integrates execution and observation of hand movements. We relate the motor theory of speech perception to the mirror system hypothesis for language and evolution; explore links between manual actions and speech; contrast “language” in apes with language in humans; show in what sense the “syntax” implemented in Broca’s area is a “motor syntax” far more general than the syntax of linguistics; and relate communicative goals to sentential form.

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Stasenko, Alena, Cory Bonn, Alex Teghipco, Frank E. Garcea, Catherine Sweet, Mary Dombovy, Joyce McDonough, and Bradford Z. Mahon. "A causal test of the motor theory of speech perception: a case of impaired speech production and spared speech perception." Cognitive Neuropsychology 32, no. 2 (February 17, 2015): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2015.1035702.

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Holt, Lori L., and Andrew J. Lotto. "The alluring but misleading analogy between mirror neurons and the motor theory of speech." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 2 (April 2014): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13002331.

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AbstractSpeech is commonly claimed to relate to mirror neurons because of the alluring surface analogy of mirror neurons to the Motor Theory of speech perception, which posits that perception and production draw upon common motor-articulatory representations. We argue that the analogy fails and highlight examples of systems-level developmental approaches that have been more fruitful in revealing perception–production associations.

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Albano Leoni, Federico, and Francesca M. Dovetto. "From Maine de Biran to the ‘Motor Theory’ of speech." Historiographia Linguistica 23, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.23.3.06alb.

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Summary The basic idea of the modern Motor Theory of Speech Perception (Liberman et al. 1963) is that “the perception of speech is tightly linked to the feedback from the speaker’s own articulatory movements”. In this paper we try to show how the same idea was already formulated by the French philosopher Maine de Biran (1805) and taken up in the second half of the 19th century by psychologists (like Steinthal) and linguists (like Kruszewski and Paul). However, whereas in the 19th century the articulatory point of view was not only dominant, but also the only one incorporated in a general theory of language, in the 20th century the articulatory perspective is supplemented by the acoustic one (cf. Malmberg 1967). This was only hinted at by Ferdinand de Saussure in the Cours, but fully expressed in Jakobson & Halle (1956). In this respect, Liberman’s Motor Theory is to be considered much less original than it has been claimed.

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Perrier, Pascal. "Control and representations in speech production." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 40 (January 1, 2005): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.40.2005.261.

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In this paper the issue of the nature of the representations of the speech production task in the speaker's brain is addressed in a production-perception interaction framework. Since speech is produced to be perceived, it is hypothesized that its production is associated for the speaker with the generation of specific physical characteristics that are for the listeners the objects of speech perception. Hence, in the first part of the paper, four reference theories of speech perception are presented, in order to guide and to constrain the search for possible correlates of the speech production task in the physical space: the Acoustic Invariance Theory, the Adaptive Variability Theory, the Motor Theory and the Direct-Realist Theory. Possible interpretations of these theories in terms of representations of the speech production task are proposed and analyzed. In a second part, a few selected experimental studies are presented, which shed some light on this issue. In the conclusion, on the basis of the joint analysis of theoretical and experimental aspects presented in the paper, it is proposed that representations of the speech production task are multimodal, and that a hierarchy exists among the different modalities, the acoustic modality having the highest level of priority. It is also suggested that these representations are not associated with invariant characteristics, but with regions of the acoustic, orosensory and motor control spaces.

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Galantucci, Bruno, Carol A. Fowler, and M. T. Turvey. "Event coding as feature guessing: The lessons of the motor theory of speech perception." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 5 (October 2001): 886–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01280108.

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The claim that perception and action are commonly coded because they are indistinguishable at the distal level is crucial for theories of cognition. However, the consequences of this claim run deep, and the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) is not up to the challenge it poses. We illustrate why through a brief review of the evidence that led to the motor theory of speech perception.

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Rogalewski, Andreas, Caterina Breitenstein, Agnes Floel, and Stefan Knecht. "Prosody as an intermediary evolutionary stage between a manual communication system and a fully developed language faculty." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 4 (August 2004): 521–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04420111.

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Based on the motor theory of language, which asserts an evolution from gestures along several stages to today's speech and language, we suggest that speech ontogeny may partly reflect speech phylogeny, in that perception of prosodic contours is an intermediary stage between a manual communication system and a fully developed language faculty.

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Stromswold, Karin, and Aliza Lichtenstein. "The Relationship between Phoneme Production and Perception in Speech-Impaired and Typically-Developing Children." Biolinguistics 11 (January 10, 2018): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/bioling.9075.

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One of the central questions that Eric Lenneberg raised in his seminal book, Biological Foundations of Language is: What is the relationship between language comprehension and language production? This paper reviews Lenneberg’s case study of a child with congenital anarthria and then presents the results of two studies that investigate the relationship between phoneme perception and production. The first study investigates the phoneme identification skills of a child with developmental apraxia who, like the anarthric child studied by Lenneberg, had essentially no speech yet had no difficulty understanding speech. The second study investigates the extent to which 28 typically-developing children’s ability to identify phonemes is related to their ability to produce phonemes. The results of both studies support Lenneberg’s conclusion that children’s ability to perceive speech is not dependent on their ability to produce speech. Thus, Lenneberg’s original case study and the two studies presented in this paper argue against gestural theories of speech perception such as the Motor Theory.

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Yashaswini, L., and Sandeep Maruthy. "Effect of Music Training on Categorical Perception of Speech and Music." Journal of Audiology and Otology 24, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7874/jao.2019.00500.

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Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of music training on the characteristics of auditory perception of speech and music. The perception of speech and music stimuli was assessed across their respective stimulus continuum and the resultant plots were compared between musicians and non-musicians. Subjects and Methods: Thirty musicians with formal music training and twenty-seven non-musicians participated in the study (age: 20 to 30 years). They were assessed for identification of consonant-vowel syllables (/da/ to /ga/), vowels (/u/ to /a/), vocal music note (/ri/ to /ga/), and instrumental music note (/ri/ to /ga/) across their respective stimulus continuum. The continua contained 15 tokens with equal step size between any adjacent tokens. The resultant identification scores were plotted against each token and were analyzed for presence of categorical boundary. If the categorical boundary was found, the plots were analyzed by six parameters of categorical perception; for the point of 50% crossover, lower edge of categorical boundary, upper edge of categorical boundary, phoneme boundary width, slope, and intercepts. Results: Overall, the results showed that both speech and music are perceived differently in musicians and non-musicians. In musicians, both speech and music are categorically perceived, while in non-musicians, only speech is perceived categorically. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that music is perceived categorically by musicians, even if the stimulus is devoid of vocal tract features. The findings support that the categorical perception is strongly influenced by training and results are discussed in light of notions of motor theory of speech perception.

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Kuhl, Patricia K. "Modularity and The Motor Theory of Speech Perception: Proceedings of a Conference to Honor Alvin M. Liberman." Language and Speech 34, no. 4 (October 1991): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002383099103400405.

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Lenti Boero, Daniela. "Early human communication helps in understanding language evolution." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 6 (December 2014): 560–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13004081.

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AbstractBuilding a theory on extant species, as Ackermann et al. do, is a useful contribution to the field of language evolution. Here, I add another living model that might be of interest: human language ontogeny in the first year of life. A better knowledge of this phase might help in understanding two more topics among the “several building blocks of a comprehensive theory of the evolution of spoken language” indicated in their conclusion by Ackermann et al., that is, the foundation of the co-evolution of linguistic motor skills with the auditory skills underlying speech perception, and the possible phylogenetic interactions of protospeech production with referential capabilities.

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Bunton, Kate, and Gary Weismer. "The Relationship Between Perception and Acoustics for a High-Low Vowel Contrast Produced by Speakers With Dysarthria." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 6 (December 2001): 1215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/095).

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This study was designed to explore the relationship between perception of a high-low vowel contrast and its acoustic correlates in tokens produced by persons with motor speech disorders. An intelligibility test designed by Kent, Weismer, Kent, and Rosenbek (1989a) groups target and error words in minimal-pair contrasts. This format allows for construction of phonetic error profiles based on listener responses, thus allowing for a direct comparison of the acoustic characteristics of vowels perceived as the intended target with those heard as something other than the target. The high-low vowel contrast was found to be a consistent error across clinical groups and therefore was selected for acoustic analysis. The contrast was expected to have well-defined acoustic measures or correlates, derived from the literature, that directly relate to a listeners' responses for that token. These measures include the difference between the second and first formant frequency (F2-F1), the difference between F1 and the fundamental frequency (F0), and vowel duration. Results showed that the acoustic characteristics of tongue-height errors were not clearly differentiated from the acoustic characteristics of targets. Rather, the acoustic characteristics of errors often looked like noisy (nonprototypi-cal) versions of the targets. Results are discussed in terms of the test from which the errors were derived and within the framework of speech perception theory.

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O'Neill, Tara, and Krista M. Wilkinson. "Designing Developmentally Sensitive AAC Technologies for Young Children with Complex Communication Needs: Considerations of Communication, Working Memory, Attention, Motor Skills, and Sensory-Perception." Seminars in Speech and Language 40, no. 04 (July 16, 2019): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692966.

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AbstractYoung children who require augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) must be provided with AAC technologies that are designed to meet their needs and accommodate their skills. One critical aspect of matching the system design features of aided AAC technologies to the needs and abilities of the child with complex communication needs is a consideration of the child's developmental skills. This article provides an overview of specific, early developmental milestones in communication, cognition (i.e., attention and working memory), motor skills, and sensory-perception (including visual attention) that influence decisions regarding AAC system design for young children. Developmental considerations are also reviewed for young children with Down's syndrome, a group that often benefits from early provision of AAC. Based on developmental theory and milestones, specific recommendations are provided for the design of developmentally sensitive AAC technologies for young children who are beginning communicators.

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Cacace, Anthony T., and Dennis J. McFarland. "Factors Influencing Tests of Auditory Processing: A Perspective on Current Issues and Relevant Concerns." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 07 (July 2013): 572–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.7.6.

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Background: Tests of auditory perception, such as those used in the assessment of central auditory processing disorders ([C]APDs), represent a domain in audiological assessment where measurement of this theoretical construct is often confounded by nonauditory abilities due to methodological shortcomings. These confounds include the effects of cognitive variables such as memory and attention and suboptimal testing paradigms, including the use of verbal reproduction as a form of response selection. We argue that these factors need to be controlled more carefully and/or modified so that their impact on tests of auditory and visual perception is only minimal. Purpose: To advocate for a stronger theoretical framework than currently exists and to suggest better methodological strategies to improve assessment of auditory processing disorders (APDs). Emphasis is placed on adaptive forced-choice psychophysical methods and the use of matched tasks in multiple sensory modalities to achieve these goals. Together, this approach has potential to improve the construct validity of the diagnosis, enhance and develop theory, and evolve into a preferred method of testing. Research Design: Examination of methods commonly used in studies of APDs. Where possible, currently used methodology is compared to contemporary psychophysical methods that emphasize computer-controlled forced-choice paradigms. Results: In many cases, the procedures used in studies of APD introduce confounding factors that could be minimized if computer-controlled forced-choice psychophysical methods were utilized. Conclusions: Ambiguities of interpretation, indeterminate diagnoses, and unwanted confounds can be avoided by minimizing memory and attentional demands on the input end and precluding the use of response-selection strategies that use complex motor processes on the output end. Advocated are the use of computer-controlled forced-choice psychophysical paradigms in combination with matched tasks in multiple sensory modalities to enhance the prospect of obtaining a valid diagnosis.

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Martin, Andrea E. "A Compositional Neural Architecture for Language." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 8 (August 2020): 1407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01552.

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Hierarchical structure and compositionality imbue human language with unparalleled expressive power and set it apart from other perception–action systems. However, neither formal nor neurobiological models account for how these defining computational properties might arise in a physiological system. I attempt to reconcile hierarchy and compositionality with principles from cell assembly computation in neuroscience; the result is an emerging theory of how the brain could convert distributed perceptual representations into hierarchical structures across multiple timescales while representing interpretable incremental stages of (de)compositional meaning. The model's architecture—a multidimensional coordinate system based on neurophysiological models of sensory processing—proposes that a manifold of neural trajectories encodes sensory, motor, and abstract linguistic states. Gain modulation, including inhibition, tunes the path in the manifold in accordance with behavior and is how latent structure is inferred. As a consequence, predictive information about upcoming sensory input during production and comprehension is available without a separate operation. The proposed processing mechanism is synthesized from current models of neural entrainment to speech, concepts from systems neuroscience and category theory, and a symbolic-connectionist computational model that uses time and rhythm to structure information. I build on evidence from cognitive neuroscience and computational modeling that suggests a formal and mechanistic alignment between structure building and neural oscillations, and moves toward unifying basic insights from linguistics and psycholinguistics with the currency of neural computation.

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McGettigan, Carolyn, Jane E. Warren, Frank Eisner, Chloe R. Marshall, Pradheep Shanmugalingam, and Sophie K. Scott. "Neural Correlates of Sublexical Processing in Phonological Working Memory." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 4 (April 2011): 961–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21491.

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This study investigated links between working memory and speech processing systems. We used delayed pseudoword repetition in fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of sublexical structure in phonological working memory (pWM). We orthogonally varied the number of syllables and consonant clusters in auditory pseudowords and measured the neural responses to these manipulations under conditions of covert rehearsal (Experiment 1). A left-dominant network of temporal and motor cortex showed increased activity for longer items, with motor cortex only showing greater activity concomitant with adding consonant clusters. An individual-differences analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between activity in the angular gyrus and the hippocampus, and accuracy on pseudoword repetition. As models of pWM stipulate that its neural correlates should be activated during both perception and production/rehearsal [Buchsbaum, B. R., & D'Esposito, M. The search for the phonological store: From loop to convolution. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 762–778, 2008; Jacquemot, C., & Scott, S. K. What is the relationship between phonological short-term memory and speech processing? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 480–486, 2006; Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. 8, pp. 47–89). New York: Academic Press, 1974], we further assessed the effects of the two factors in a separate passive listening experiment (Experiment 2). In this experiment, the effect of the number of syllables was concentrated in posterior–medial regions of the supratemporal plane bilaterally, although there was no evidence of a significant response to added clusters. Taken together, the results identify the planum temporale as a key region in pWM; within this region, representations are likely to take the form of auditory or audiomotor “templates” or “chunks” at the level of the syllable [Papoutsi, M., de Zwart, J. A., Jansma, J. M., Pickering, M. J., Bednar, J. A., & Horwitz, B. From phonemes to articulatory codes: an fMRI study of the role of Broca's area in speech production. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 2156–2165, 2009; Warren, J. E., Wise, R. J. S., & Warren, J. D. Sounds do-able: auditory–motor transformations and the posterior temporal plane. Trends in Neurosciences, 28, 636–643, 2005; Griffiths, T. D., & Warren, J. D. The planum temporale as a computational hub. Trends in Neurosciences, 25, 348–353, 2002], whereas more lateral structures on the STG may deal with phonetic analysis of the auditory input [Hickok, G. The functional neuroanatomy of language. Physics of Life Reviews, 6, 121–143, 2009].

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Oosthuizen, Imke, Shakila Dada, Juan Bornman, and Rajinder Koul. "Message banking: Perceptions of persons with motor neuron disease, significant others and clinicians." International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 20, no. 7 (July 31, 2017): 756–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2017.1356377.

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Dinnsen, Daniel A. "MODULARITY AND THE MOTOR THEORY OF SPEECH PERCEPTION: PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE TO HONOR ALVIN M. LIBERMAN. Ignatius G. Mattingly and Michael Studdert-Kennedy (Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1991. Pp. xv + 463." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 14, no. 04 (December 1992): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100011438.

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Shuster, Linda I., and Robert Allen Fox. "Motor-Motor Adaptation: Preliminary Findings." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 2 (October 1989): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.2.435.

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This study investigated the relationship between speech perception and speech production. An experimental technique called motor-motor adaptation was devised. Subjects produced a speech token repeatedly (20 to 40 repetitions), then produced a second token one time. These tokens all contained stop consonants and were subsequently analyzed for voice onset time. The results paralleled previous findings using the experimental procedure, perceptuomotor adaptation. The present study supports the notion of a perception-production link.

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D'Ausilio, Alessandro, Friedemann Pulvermüller, Paola Salmas, Ilaria Bufalari, Chiara Begliomini, and Luciano Fadiga. "The Motor Somatotopy of Speech Perception." Current Biology 19, no. 5 (March 2009): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.01.017.

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Boothroyd, Arthur. "Probability theory and speech perception." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97, no. 5 (May 1995): 3358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.413013.

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Floel, Agnes, Tanja Ellger, Caterina Breitenstein, and Stefan Knecht. "Language perception activates the hand motor cortex: implications for motor theories of speech perception." European Journal of Neuroscience 18, no. 3 (August 2003): 704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02774.x.

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Ohashi, Hiroki, and Takayuki Ito. "Recalibration of auditory perception of speech due to orofacial somatosensory inputs during speech motor adaptation." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 5 (November 1, 2019): 2076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00028.2019.

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Speech motor control and learning rely on both somatosensory and auditory inputs. Somatosensory inputs associated with speech production can also affect the process of auditory perception of speech, and the somatosensory-auditory interaction may play a fundamental role in auditory perception of speech. In this report, we show that the somatosensory system contributes to perceptual recalibration, separate from its role in motor function. Subjects participated in speech motor adaptation to altered auditory feedback. Auditory perception of speech was assessed in phonemic identification tests before and after speech adaptation. To investigate a role of the somatosensory system in motor adaptation and subsequent perceptual change, we applied orofacial skin stretch in either a backward or forward direction during the auditory feedback alteration as a somatosensory modulation. We found that the somatosensory modulation did not affect the amount of adaptation at the end of training, although it changed the rate of adaptation. However, the perception following speech adaptation was altered depending on the direction of the somatosensory modulation. Somatosensory inflow rather than motor outflow thus drives changes to auditory perception of speech following speech adaptation, suggesting that somatosensory inputs play an important role in tuning of perceptual system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article reports that the somatosensory system works not equally with the motor system, but predominantly in the calibration of auditory perception of speech by speech production.

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Watkins, Kate, and Tomáš Paus. "Modulation of Motor Excitability during Speech Perception: The Role of Broca's Area." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 6 (July 2004): 978–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929041502616.

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Studies in both human and nonhuman primates indicate that motor and premotor cortical regions participate in auditory and visual perception of actions. Previous studies, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), showed that perceiving visual and auditory speech increased the excitability of the orofacial motor system during speech perception. Such studies, however, cannot tell us which brain regions mediate this effect. In this study, we used the technique of combining positron emission tomography with TMS to identify the brain regions that modulate the excitability of the motor system during speech perception. Our results show that during auditory speech perception, there is increased excitability of motor system underlying speech production and that this increase is significantly correlated with activity in the posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area). We propose that this area “primes” the motor system in response to heard speech even when no speech output is required and, as such, operates at the interface of perception and action.

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Stokes, Ryan C., Jonathan H. Venezia, and Gregory Hickok. "The motor system’s [modest] contribution to speech perception." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 26, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 1354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01580-2.

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Fridriksson, Julius, Joel Moss, Ben Davis, Gordon C. Baylis, Leonardo Bonilha, and Chris Rorden. "Motor speech perception modulates the cortical language areas." NeuroImage 41, no. 2 (June 2008): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.046.

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Ramsay, Gordon. "Mathematical Evidence For Motor Theories of Speech Perception." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2933275.

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Wilson, Stephen M. "Speech perception when the motor system is compromised." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 13, no. 8 (August 2009): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.001.

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Liebenthal, Einat, and Riikka Möttönen. "An interactive model of auditory-motor speech perception." Brain and Language 187 (December 2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2017.12.004.

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Walker, Grant M., Patrick Sarahan Rollo, Nitin Tandon, and Gregory Hickok. "Effect of Bilateral Opercular Syndrome on Speech Perception." Neurobiology of Language 2, no. 3 (2021): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00037.

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Abstract Speech perception ability and structural neuroimaging were investigated in two cases of bilateral opercular syndrome. Due to bilateral ablation of the motor control center for the lower face and surrounds, these rare cases provide an opportunity to evaluate the necessity of cortical motor representations for speech perception, a cornerstone of some neurocomputational theories of language processing. Speech perception, including audiovisual integration (i.e., the McGurk effect), was mostly unaffected in these cases, although verbal short-term memory impairment hindered performance on several tasks that are traditionally used to evaluate speech perception. The results suggest that the role of the cortical motor system in speech perception is context-dependent and supplementary, not inherent or necessary.

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Lametti, D. R., A. Rochet-Capellan, E. Neufeld, D. M. Shiller, and D. J. Ostry. "Plasticity in the Human Speech Motor System Drives Changes in Speech Perception." Journal of Neuroscience 34, no. 31 (July 30, 2014): 10339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0108-14.2014.

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Vannuscorps, Gilles, Michael Andres, Sarah Pereira Carneiro, Elise Rombaux, and Alfonso Caramazza. "Typically Efficient Lipreading without Motor Simulation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 4 (April 2021): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01666.

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All it takes is a face-to-face conversation in a noisy environment to realize that viewing a speaker's lip movements contributes to speech comprehension. What are the processes underlying the perception and interpretation of visual speech? Brain areas that control speech production are also recruited during lipreading. This finding raises the possibility that lipreading may be supported, at least to some extent, by a covert unconscious imitation of the observed speech movements in the observer's own speech motor system—a motor simulation. However, whether, and if so to what extent, motor simulation contributes to visual speech interpretation remains unclear. In two experiments, we found that several participants with congenital facial paralysis were as good at lipreading as the control population and performed these tasks in a way that is qualitatively similar to the controls despite severely reduced or even completely absent lip motor representations. Although it remains an open question whether this conclusion generalizes to other experimental conditions and to typically developed participants, these findings considerably narrow the space of hypothesis for a role of motor simulation in lipreading. Beyond its theoretical significance in the field of speech perception, this finding also calls for a re-examination of the more general hypothesis that motor simulation underlies action perception and interpretation developed in the frameworks of motor simulation and mirror neuron hypotheses.

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Wu, Zhe-Meng, Ming-Li Chen, Xi-Hong Wu, and Liang Li. "Interaction between auditory and motor systems in speech perception." Neuroscience Bulletin 30, no. 3 (March 6, 2014): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12264-013-1428-6.

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Badino, Leonardo, Alessandro D'Ausilio, Luciano Fadiga, and Giorgio Metta. "Computational Validation of the Motor Contribution to Speech Perception." Topics in Cognitive Science 6, no. 3 (June 17, 2014): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tops.12095.

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Serdiuk, Ya A. "Complex structures of the virtual in the formation of an associative-figurative plan of a musical work." Aspects of Historical Musicology 14, no. 14 (September 15, 2018): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-14.14.

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Background. In recent decades, musicology has demonstrated a steady interest not only in the grammar of the musical language, in the structural-logical side of the musical form, but also in the associative-figurative plan of music. The latter is increasingly becoming the subject of not only spontaneously-intuitive cognition, but also of decoding and systematization. The works on musical semantics, disclosing the meanings of musical lexemes in the context of that culture, that epoch-making style, in which they originated, belong, in particular, to L. Shaimuhametova, A. Asfandiarova, I. Alekseeva, H. Baikieva, A. Hordeeva, N. Kuznetsova N. Drach, I. Stohniy, H. Taraeva, L. Kazantseva. We also need to note the numerous studies of rhetoric and symbolism in Baroque music, especially, in J. S. Bach’s works. H. Poltavtseva describes the connection of types of musical language and their perception, as well as the process of comprehension on this basis of musical imagery. The study of musical content as a new direction of scientific thought was carried out by V. Kholopova and A. Kudriashov and found its application in creating of same name training courses. The purpose of the proposed study is an attempt to describe the process of forming a figurative subtext of a musical work using the concept of “virtual”, which, despite the wide spreading in modern musicological works of various directions, still does not have an established semantic structure. At the same time, it can be fruitfully used to study many musical phenomena, including the figurative subtext of a musical work. Research methodоlogy. In this study, we rely on the previously developed by us the conceptual system of the virtual in music, in particular, on one of its components – the virtual cognitive applied to the sphere of musical semantics. We used the modeling method to reproduce the algorithm of the formation of the figurative plan of a musical work, the method of semantic analysis to reveal the meanings of musical lexemes, the analytical methods of musical theoretical disciplines for considering the musical material. The results of the research. Virtual cognitive is connected with the hidden possibilities of the musical text and the hidden semantic plans of the musical work. We define hidden musical text plans as “virtual structures”. The latter, in combination with other components of the musical composition and specific features of the perception of music, shape the complex structure of the virtual, which we consider as one of the factors in the formation of the associativefigurative plan of the musical work. In our study, we rely on the idea of both a virtual cognitive and a musical work as a sign-oriented structure that can be studied from the standpoint of the general theory of language, as well as on the statement about the dependence of the perception of the musical text on a thesaurus of a performer or a listener. In this connection, using such terminological pairs as “language-speech”, “text-context”, “denotation-connotation”, we add one more: “text-subtext”. The relation of the last two pairs, in our opinion, is a correlation: “denotation / text”, “connotation / subtext”. Connotations arise thanks to the context, in which this or that text appears and functions. Both denotations (direct meanings) and connotations (accompanying meanings constituting the area of a subtext) belong to the realm of the virtual, because: 1) the meanings of the linguistic sign are products of individual and collective consciousness; 2) contextualized meanings can be revealed to the recipient only if the latter knows the context, in which this or that sign unit originated. However, if there is not enough auditory experience, both the denotation and the hidden connotations of the text (subtext) exist only as an unrealized opportunity, that is, as virtual. We will consider as musical-speech denotations: pitch characteristics, in particular, mode and tonal, harmonic, various “types of musical language” (after H. Poltavtseva), intonational turns with fixed meanings, the virtual structures of the facture-sound level – individual coloring of sound, hidden polyphony. As connotations – the virtual structures of the composition of the dramaturgic level: numerical symbolism, hidden form-building principles, which are the expression of a certain philosophical idea. Thus, the figurative subtext of a musical work is a compound structure formed by a number of elements and processes. The substrates of this complex are: 1) the musical notation, in which the basic parameters of the sounding are fixed; 2) sounding. On this basis, the other virtual formations arise: 1) performer’s mental, audial and motor ideas about a musical work; 2) listener’s perceptions – the modes of psychosomatic activity and figurative associations that arise on their basis; 3) denotations – semantics, fixed to one or another tonalities, to intonation formulas, to rhetorical figures etc.; 4) connotations, the area of subtext, often generating by contexts, in which the text is appeared, functioned and apperceived, taking into account the recipient’s thesaurus. In the context of perception, we include not only the properties of the recipient’s thesaurus, but also the communicative situation, in which this or that work is performed / perceived. Conclusions. Consequently, another else part of the sphere of virtual cognitive is the complex structures of the virtual, which act as a factor of the formation of an associative-figurative plan of a musical work. The components of these complexes are the components of the musical language (which include the virtual structures of the musical text, especially the factural and syntactic levels) in conjunction with the individual characteristics of perception due to the context of the communicative situation, the capacity and the nature of recipient’s thesaurus – a kind of filter, through which the meaning goes filling those or other musical constructions. The prospects for further research on virtual cognitive in the field of musical semantics provide for a more detailed and multidimensional consideration of the complex structures of the virtual in musical texts of different historical eras and styles.

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Leeper, H. A. "Speech Motor Control and Predicting Disordered Speech." Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders 9, no. 1 (November 1999): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ssod9.1.3.

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Abstract There are numerous theories of speech production that focus on motor control for regulation of speech output. One of the more prominent is the “pressure regulation-control” model that was developed from studies of the aerodynamic speech activities of normal speakers and individuals with cleft lip and palate and accompanying resonance and speech disorders. This theory aid in understanding the nature of maladaptive speech production related to velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI). Descriptions of experimental research will be employed to relate this theory to effective strategies of speech management for individuals with VPI.

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Kelley, Darcy B. "A motor theory of song perception." Trends in Neurosciences 9 (January 1986): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(86)90050-0.

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Weismer, Gary. "Speech Science: Technique, Concept, Theory." Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders 23, no. 1 (July 2013): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ssod23.1.6.

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The purpose of this paper is to outline a history and a possible future of speech science as a discipline. Two major and sometimes opposing views of speech science are discussed. One view is inspired by Stetson's work, and holds that study of speech movements is most likely to reveal the essentials of speech motor control. The other view regards the speech acoustic signal as part of the control mechanism; in this view, movements and the signals produced by them are intertwined as part of the control mechanism. The importance of understanding these two views of speech science is in the application of speech science skills to clinical disorders of speech motor control. The paper uses motor speech disorders as an example of how the two views can be joined empirically and theoretically for a maximally productive application of speech science to an understanding of disorders of speech motor control.

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Treille, Avril, Coriandre Vilain, Thomas Hueber, Laurent Lamalle, and Marc Sato. "Inside Speech: Multisensory and Modality-specific Processing of Tongue and Lip Speech Actions." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 3 (March 2017): 448–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01057.

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Action recognition has been found to rely not only on sensory brain areas but also partly on the observer's motor system. However, whether distinct auditory and visual experiences of an action modulate sensorimotor activity remains largely unknown. In the present sparse sampling fMRI study, we determined to which extent sensory and motor representations interact during the perception of tongue and lip speech actions. Tongue and lip speech actions were selected because tongue movements of our interlocutor are accessible via their impact on speech acoustics but not visible because of its position inside the vocal tract, whereas lip movements are both “audible” and visible. Participants were presented with auditory, visual, and audiovisual speech actions, with the visual inputs related to either a sagittal view of the tongue movements or a facial view of the lip movements of a speaker, previously recorded by an ultrasound imaging system and a video camera. Although the neural networks involved in visual visuolingual and visuofacial perception largely overlapped, stronger motor and somatosensory activations were observed during visuolingual perception. In contrast, stronger activity was found in auditory and visual cortices during visuofacial perception. Complementing these findings, activity in the left premotor cortex and in visual brain areas was found to correlate with visual recognition scores observed for visuolingual and visuofacial speech stimuli, respectively, whereas visual activity correlated with RTs for both stimuli. These results suggest that unimodal and multimodal processing of lip and tongue speech actions rely on common sensorimotor brain areas. They also suggest that visual processing of audible but not visible movements induces motor and visual mental simulation of the perceived actions to facilitate recognition and/or to learn the association between auditory and visual signals.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Motor theory of speech perception'

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