Relevant bibliographies by topics / Motor periphery

Academic literature on the topic 'Motor periphery'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Motor periphery"

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Rungta, Satya, Debaleena Basu, Naveen Sendhilnathan, and Aditya Murthy. "Preparatory activity links the frontal eye field response with small amplitude motor unit recruitment of neck muscles during gaze planning." Journal of Neurophysiology 126, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00141.2021.

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This study shows that the temporal aspects of a motor plan in the oculomotor circuitry can be accessed by peripheral neck muscles hundreds of milliseconds before the instruction to initiate a saccadic eye movement. The coupling between central and peripheral processes during the delay time is mediated by the recruitment pattern of motor units with smaller amplitude. These findings suggest that information processed in cortical areas could be read from periphery before execution.
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Ackerley, Rochelle, Michael Borich, Calogero Maria Oddo, and Silvio Ionta. "Insights and Perspectives on Sensory-Motor Integration and Rehabilitation." Multisensory Research 29, no. 6-7 (2016): 607–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002530.

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The present review focuses on the flow and interaction of somatosensory-motor signals in the central and peripheral nervous system. Specifically, where incoming sensory signals from the periphery are processed and interpreted to initiate behaviors, and how ongoing behaviors produce sensory consequences encoded and used to fine-tune subsequent actions. We describe the structure–function relations of this loop, how these relations can be modeled and aspects of somatosensory-motor rehabilitation. The work reviewed here shows that it is imperative to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the somatosensory-motor system to restore accurate motor abilities and appropriate somatosensory feedback. Knowledge of the salient neural mechanisms of sensory-motor integration has begun to generate innovative approaches to improve rehabilitation training following neurological impairments such as stroke. The present work supports the integration of basic science principles of sensory-motor integration into rehabilitation procedures to create new solutions for sensory-motor disorders.
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Suminski, Aaron J., Philip Mardoum, Timothy P. Lillicrap, and Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos. "Temporal evolution of both premotor and motor cortical tuning properties reflect changes in limb biomechanics." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 7 (April 2015): 2812–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00486.2014.

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A prevailing theory in the cortical control of limb movement posits that premotor cortex initiates a high-level motor plan that is transformed by the primary motor cortex (MI) into a low-level motor command to be executed. This theory implies that the premotor cortex is shielded from the motor periphery, and therefore, its activity should not represent the low-level features of movement. Contrary to this theory, we show that both dorsal (PMd) and ventral premotor (PMv) cortexes exhibit population-level tuning properties that reflect the biomechanical properties of the periphery similar to those observed in M1. We recorded single-unit activity from M1, PMd, and PMv and characterized their tuning properties while six rhesus macaques performed a reaching task in the horizontal plane. Each area exhibited a bimodal distribution of preferred directions during execution consistent with the known biomechanical anisotropies of the muscles and limb segments. Moreover, these distributions varied in orientation or shape from planning to execution. A network model shows that such population dynamics are linked to a change in biomechanics of the limb as the monkey begins to move, specifically to the state-dependent properties of muscles. We suggest that, like M1, neural populations in PMd and PMv are more directly linked with the motor periphery than previously thought.
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Brezina, Vladimir, Charles C. Horn, and Klaudiusz R. Weiss. "Modeling Neuromuscular Modulation in Aplysia. III. Interaction of Central Motor Commands and Peripheral Modulatory State for Optimal Behavior." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 3 (March 2005): 1523–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00475.2004.

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Recent work in computational neuroethology has emphasized that “the brain has a body”: successful adaptive behavior is not simply commanded by the nervous system, but emerges from interactions of nervous system, body, and environment. Here we continue our study of these issues in the accessory radula closer (ARC) neuromuscular system of Aplysia. The ARC muscle participates in the animal's feeding behaviors, a set of cyclical, rhythmic behaviors driven by a central pattern generator (CPG). Patterned firing of the ARC muscle's two motor neurons, B15 and B16, releases not only ACh to elicit the muscle's contractions but also peptide neuromodulators that then shape the contractions through a complex network of actions on the muscle. These actions are dynamically complex: some are fast, but some are slow, so that they are temporally uncoupled from the motor neuron firing pattern in the current cycle. Under these circumstances, how can the nervous system, through just the narrow channel of the firing patterns of the motor neurons, control the contractions, movements, and behavior in the periphery? In two earlier papers, we developed a realistic mathematical model of the B15/B16-ARC neuromuscular system and its modulation. Here we use this model to study the functional performance of the system in a realistic behavioral task. We run the model with two kinds of inputs: a simple set of regular motor neuron firing patterns that allows us to examine the entire space of patterns, and the real firing patterns of B15 and B16 previously recorded in a 21/2-h-long meal of 749 cycles in an intact feeding animal. These real patterns are extremely irregular. Our main conclusions are the following. 1) The modulation in the periphery is necessary for superior functional performance. 2) The components of the modulatory network interact in nonlinear, context- and task-dependent combinations for best performance overall, although not necessarily in any particular cycle. 3) Both the fast and the slow dynamics of the modulatory state make important contributions. 4) The nervous system controls different components of the periphery to different degrees. To some extent the periphery operates semiautonomously. However, the structure of the peripheral modulatory network ensures robust performance under all circumstances, even with the irregular motor neuron firing patterns and even when the parameters of the functional task are randomly varied from cycle to cycle to simulate a variable feeding environment. In the variable environment, regular firing patterns, which are fine-tuned to one particular task, fail to provide robust performance. We propose that the CPG generates the irregular firing patterns, which nevertheless are guaranteed to give robust performance overall through the actions of the peripheral modulatory network, as part of a trial-and-error feeding strategy in a variable, uncertain environment.
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van der Mars, Hans, Paul Darst, Bill Vogler, and Barbara Cusimano. "Active Supervision Patterns of Physical Education Teachers and Their Relationship with Student Behaviors." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 14, no. 1 (October 1994): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.14.1.99.

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Supervision patterns of elementary physical educators were analyzed in relation to work involvement patterns of students in each teacher’s class. The supervision patterns analyzed included teacher location, rate of movement, and provision of verbal feedback. Work involvement by students was categorized into on-task, off-task, total motor engagement, and successful motor engagement (ALT-PE). Results showed that teachers spent more time along the periphery of the activity area, and that they were positioned more along the sides. They were active movers, averaging six sector changes per minute, and active in providing verbal feedback (3.2/min). Teacher feedback patterns did not correlate with teacher location/movement patterns. Teachers’ location (periphery) and movement correlated significantly with students’ total motor engagement. Teacher movement also correlated significantly with ALT-PE. Positive behavior feedback correlated with students’ on-task behaviors. Findings indicate that active supervision is important in maintaining students’ involvement with learning tasks in physical education.
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Sun, Jing Rui, and Jin Cheng Wu. "Research and Implementation of Folding Machine Control System Based on MPU." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5838.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the working principle of folding machine and it also explains the working mode of the stepper motor. Basing on these, the control-system of folding machine is designed. It is through the AT89C52 MPU and the corresponding circuit of periphery to control the two stepper motors. So it can drive the feeding roller and the paper roller to overlay in accordance with the predefined size. The system achieves the automation of folding. It not only reduces the labor, but also improves the efficiency and accuracy of folding. It has a very broad application prospect.
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Ebneth, A., R. Godemann, K. Stamer, S. Illenberger, B. Trinczek, E. M. Mandelkow, and E. Mandelkow. "Overexpression of Tau Protein Inhibits Kinesin-dependent Trafficking of Vesicles, Mitochondria, and Endoplasmic Reticulum: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease." Journal of Cell Biology 143, no. 3 (November 2, 1998): 777–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.143.3.777.

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The neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau plays an important role in establishing cell polarity by stabilizing axonal microtubules that serve as tracks for motor-protein–driven transport processes. To investigate the role of tau in intracellular transport, we studied the effects of tau expression in stably transfected CHO cells and differentiated neuroblastoma N2a cells. Tau causes a change in cell shape, retards cell growth, and dramatically alters the distribution of various organelles, known to be transported via microtubule-dependent motor proteins. Mitochondria fail to be transported to peripheral cell compartments and cluster in the vicinity of the microtubule-organizing center. The endoplasmic reticulum becomes less dense and no longer extends to the cell periphery. In differentiated N2a cells, the overexpression of tau leads to the disappearance of mitochondria from the neurites. These effects are caused by tau's binding to microtubules and slowing down intracellular transport by preferential impairment of plus-end–directed transport mediated by kinesin-like motor proteins. Since in Alzheimer's disease tau protein is elevated and mislocalized, these observations point to a possible cause for the gradual degeneration of neurons.
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García-Crescioni, Keyla, Timothy J. Fort, Estee Stern, Vladimir Brezina, and Mark W. Miller. "Feedback From Peripheral Musculature to Central Pattern Generator in the Neurogenic Heart of the Crab Callinectes sapidus: Role of Mechanosensitive Dendrites." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (January 2010): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00561.2009.

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The neurogenic heart of decapod crustaceans is a very simple, self-contained, model central pattern generator (CPG)-effector system. The CPG, the nine-neuron cardiac ganglion (CG), is embedded in the myocardium itself; it generates bursts of spikes that are transmitted by the CG's five motor neurons to the periphery of the system, the myocardium, to produce its contractions. Considerable evidence suggests that a CPG-peripheral loop is completed by a return feedback pathway through which the contractions modify, in turn, the CG motor pattern. One likely pathway is provided by dendrites, presumably mechanosensitive, that the CG neurons project into the adjacent myocardial muscle. Here we have tested the role of this pathway in the heart of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus . We performed “de-efferentation” experiments in which we cut the motor neuron axons to the myocardium and “de-afferentation” experiments in which we cut or ligated the dendrites. In the isolated CG, these manipulations had no effect on the CG motor pattern. When the CG remained embedded in the myocardium, however, these manipulations, interrupting either the efferent or afferent limb of the CPG-peripheral loop, decreased contraction amplitude, increased the frequency of the CG motor neuron spike bursts, and decreased the number of spikes per burst and burst duration. Finally, passive stretches of the myocardium likewise modulated the spike bursts, an effect that disappeared when the dendrites were cut. We conclude that feedback through the dendrites indeed operates in this system and suggest that it completes a loop through which the system self-regulates its activity.
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Krzyszton, C. P., N. L. Sparkman, R. W. Grant, J. B. Buchanan, S. R. Broussard, J. Woods, and R. W. Johnson. "Exacerbated fatigue and motor deficits in interleukin-10-deficient mice after peripheral immune stimulation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 295, no. 4 (October 2008): R1109—R1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90302.2008.

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The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 is important for regulating inflammation in the periphery and brain, but whether it protects against infection- or age-related psychomotor disturbances and fatigue is unknown. Therefore, the present study evaluated motor coordination, time to fatigue, and several central and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines in male young adult (3-mo-old) and middle-aged (12-mo-old) wild-type (IL-10+/+) and IL-10-deficient (IL-10−/−) mice after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline. No age-related differences were observed; therefore, data from the two ages were pooled and analyzed to determine effects of genotype and treatment. LPS treatment increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα mRNA in all brain areas examined in IL-10+/+and IL-10−/−mice, but to a greater extent and for a longer time in IL-10−/−mice. Plasma IL-1β and IL-6 were increased similarly in IL-10+/+and IL-10−/−mice 4 h after LPS but remained elevated longer in IL-10−/−mice, whereas TNFα was higher in IL-10−/−mice throughout after LPS treatment. Motor performance and motor learning in IL-10+/+mice were not affected by LPS treatment; however, both were reduced in IL-10−/−mice treated with LPS compared with those treated with saline. Furthermore, although LPS reduced the time to fatigue in IL-10+/+and IL-10−/−mice, the effects were exacerbated in IL-10−/−mice. Thus the increased brain and peripheral inflammation induced by LPS in IL-10−/−mice was associated with increased coordination deficits and fatigue. These data suggest that IL-10 may inhibit motor deficits and fatigue associated with peripheral infections via its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Gu, C., D. K. Wood, P. L. Gribble, and B. D. Corneil. "A Trial-by-Trial Window into Sensorimotor Transformations in the Human Motor Periphery." Journal of Neuroscience 36, no. 31 (August 3, 2016): 8273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0899-16.2016.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Motor periphery"

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Zapletal, Ladislav. "Řídicí systém kamerového sceneru pro monitorování růstu rostlin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318195.

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This diploma thesis deals with the design and realization of robotic drive of the camera scanner system of plants together with the control unit. This device serves as the carrier system of various camera sensors. The sensors will monitor both the growth and the physiological status of the cultivated plants in the growth chambers. The thesis describes the choice of electronic and mechanical components from which the device is built. The text describes a design of the PCB that will control the device. Part of the thesis is also a demonstration of the realization of the systém together with the illustration of the real form of the system and its testing.
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Eggers, Thomas Elliott. "Chronic Peripheral Nerve Recordings and Motor Recovery with the FINE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1516624330839376.

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Szlavik, Robert Bruce. "In vivo electrical stimulation of motor nerves." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0032/NQ66239.pdf.

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Higashimori, Haruki. "Systemic inductive mechanism of burn-induced peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Pashalis, Despina. "Central cortical processes or peripheral motor processes differentiate extraverts from introverts /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsp2818.pdf.

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McDowell, Sally-Ann. "The effects of peripheral vision on motor initiation in Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296634.

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Drew, Alexander Peter. "Genetics of distal hereditary motor neuropathies." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8652.

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The distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that primarily affect motor neurons, without significant sensory involvement. Using genome wide linkage analysis in a large Australian family (CMT54), a form of dHMN was previously mapped by this laboratory, to a 12.98 Mb interval on chromosome 7q34-q36. The axonal neuropathy seen in this family was classified as dHMN1; with autosomal dominant inheritance, early but variable age of onset, and muscle weakness and wasting affecting the lower limbs. In this project, genetic linkage analysis of the chromosome 7q34-q36 disease interval was carried out in the original family (CMT54) and 20 smaller families from an Australian dHMN cohort. Fine mapping in family CMT54, including unaffected individuals suggested a minimum probable candidate interval of 6.92 Mb, flanked by markers D7S615 and D7S2546 within the 12.98 Mb critical disease interval. Of the additional dHMN families, one (family CMT44) achieved suggestive linkage to the chromosome 7q34-q36 disease locus with a LOD score of 2.02. Mutation screening was carried out in family CMT54 at the chromosome 7q34-q36 locus. The 12.9 Mb disease interval contains 89 annotated protein-coding genes, of which 60 lay within the prioritised 6.92 Mb interval. A combination of methods was used to screen these genes for a putative pathogenic mutation. Functional candidate genes were identified via a literature and database search. The coding exons of 35 prioritised candidate genes were sequenced and no pathogenic mutation was identified. Cytogenetic analysis excluded large scale chromosomal abnormalities. Array based comparative genomic hybridisation of the 7q34-q36 interval in patients did not identify any pathogenic duplications or deletions. Next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques were used to identify sequence variants within the remaining genes within the 7q34-q36 interval and elsewhere in the genome. Two NGS based approaches were applied to mutation screening in family CMT54. Initially, the chromosome 7q34-q36 disease interval was analysed in one affected individual using a custom designed DNA capture microarray and 454 GS FLX (Roche) sequencing. Approximately 80% of patient coding exons were captured, sequenced and no pathogenic mutations were identified. The chromosome 7q34-q36 target captured DNA sample was also re-sequenced along with an additional two affected individuals and one unaffected parent using exome capture and Solexa (Illumina) sequencing. Combined, 99.5% of coding exons were sequenced in the chromosome 7q34-q36 interval and all sequence variants that were identified were excluded from a pathogenic role. Sequence variants identified elsewhere in the exome were also excluded from a pathogenic role. Exome sequencing of dHMN family CMT44 did not identify any putative pathogenic mutation at the chromosome 7q34-q36 locus. The exomes of four affected and one unaffected individuals were sequenced. Exome wide analysis identified a potential digenic inheritance in CMT44 of a previously published MFN2 mutation causing a mild CMT2 phenotype and a second mutation causing a dHMN phenotype. Potential candidate mutations for dHMN were identified in two genes, PCDHGA4 and DNAH11. PCDHGA4, was previously shown to function in the brain and spinal cord, and deletion of PCDHG genes in a mouse model causes a severe neurodegenerative phenotype. The gene mutation causing dHMN that maps to chromosome 7q34-q36 remains to be identified. The disease mutation may lie in a coding region not captured by current exome platforms, a non-coding region, or the mutation may cause disease through an alternate mechanism not detected by the methods employed in this thesis. Future studies should concentrate on transcriptome analysis by next-gen RNA sequencing, which may identify unknown transcripts and exons that map to chromosome 7q34-q36 or highlight sequence variants located in regulatory elements. Identification of new gene mutations is critical to further understanding the biochemical and cellular processes underlying dHMN. Although the causative mutation for dHMN on 7q34-q36 was not identified, a significant proportion of the disease interval has been excluded using a combination of traditional and new technologies. The purpose of this thesis is to identify new gene mutations causing dHMN. The genetic and functional data presented here suggest this will be a difficult task; the genetic heterogeneity complicates genetic analysis and the multiple molecular mechanisms implicated to date make it difficult to pinpoint specific candidate genes. The identification of additional genes and genetic modifiers is necessary to increase our understanding of the disease mechanisms causing dHMN and related neuropathies. This will directly aid in the diagnosis and classification of these neurodegenerative diseases and may lead to new therapeutics and treatment strategies.
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Wallquist, Wilhelm. "On laminins and laminin receptors and their role in regeneration and myelination of the peripheral nerve /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-781-9/.

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Maskill, David William. "Peripheral and central influences on the electromographic responses of muscle to transcranial magnetic stimulation in man." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283732.

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Banks, Daniel John. "Modelling studies on peripheral nerve neural signal transduction using thin-film microelectrodes." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842690/.

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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) techniques may be used to restore motor function lost or impaired through spinal cord injury. In order to use these techniques to restore complex tasks such as walking, it is necessary to provide sensory feedback to regulate the output of the FES controller. It has been suggested that multi-microelectrode probes (microprobes) implanted into the peripheral nervous system can be used to detect signals originating from the body's own sensors. These signals could be decoded and used to regulate the output of the FES controller. Prior to the present work, however, microprobes had primary been used to study neural activity in the brain, not peripheral nerves. In the present work, locust peripheral nerve has been used as an animal model for experimental and computer modelling work. The experimental work was directed at discerning the detail of information that can be obtained using microprobes to record from peripheral nerves (ie, the selectivity of the probes). In the computer modelling work, the effects of filtering the recorded signal were studied using an electrical circuit simulator programme (SPICE). Finite element analysis software (ANSYS) was used to model the electrical potential distribution in the nerve trunk, and to determine the effects of the probe substrate on the recorded signal. The results of the experimental work indicated that it may be possible to achieve higher selectivity in recording with microprobes than predicted by some models. It is concluded that future models need to represent the situation in greater detail in order to make more realistic predictions regarding the practical work. This will require further data on the electrical properties of the structures modelled within the nerve trunk. The SPICE modelling work successfully predicted the shape of the neural signals that would be recorded in the practical work. The partial differentiating effect of high pass filtering neural signals was also demonstrated. The results of the finite element modelling work demonstrated that the probe substrate would be expected to amplify signals from fibres directly in front of it, and attenuate signals from fibres behind it. This was shown to be significant for probe substrates with dimensions much smaller than the longitudinal spread of the action potential along the fibre. It was also found that these effects can be influenced by the position of the microprobe substrate relative to other structures within the nerve trunk; not just relative to the fibre. The significance of these results as they relate to mammalian nerve is discussed. Improved experimentation techniques and models are outlined, based on the results of this work. These include the requirement for improved facilities to determine the limits of selectivity in recording from peripheral nerves, and also the inclusion of inhomogeneities in models of the nerve trunk to make more realistic predictions regarding practical work. Finally, the development of active probes is discussed, including requirements for particularly novel circuitry, and the integration of many devices into a system to control FES.
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Books on the topic "Motor periphery"

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D, Binder Marc, ed. Peripheral and spinal mechanisms in the neural control of movement. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999.

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Magnetic stimulation of the human nervous system. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Cole, Jonathan. Pride and a daily marathon. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995.

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Pride and a daily marathon. London: Duckworth, 1991.

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Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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Waldmann, Carl, Neil Soni, and Andrew Rhodes. Death and dying. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0032.

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Confirming death using neurological criteria (brainstem death) 530Withdrawing and withholding treatment 532The potential heart-beating organ donor 534Non-heart-beating organ donation 538The brainstem provides the anatomical link between the spinal cord and cerebral hemispheres relaying sensory and motor impulses between the periphery and higher cortical centres. It also contains cranial nerve nuclei, the reticular activating system and cardiorespiratory control centres, the destruction of which underlies the process of confirming death according to neurological criteria (brainstem death)....
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Donaghy, Michael. Focal peripheral neuropathy. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0487.

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Some causes of focal peripheral nerve damage are self-evident, such as involvement at sites of trauma, tissue necrosis, infiltration by tumour, or damage by radiotherapy. Focal compressive and entrapment neuropathies are particularly valuable to identify in civilian practice, since recovery may follow relief of the compression. Leprosy is a common global cause of focal neuropathy, which involves prominent loss of pain sensation with secondary acromutilation, and requires early antibiotic treatment. Mononeuritis multiplex due to vasculitis requires prompt diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment to limit the severity and extent of peripheral nerve damage. Various other medical conditions, both inherited and acquired, can present with focal neuropathy rather than polyneuropathy, the most common of which are diabetes mellitus and hereditary liability to pressure palsies. A purely motor focal presentation should raise the question of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block, which usually responds well to high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin infusions.
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Nageshwaran, Sathiji, Heather C. Wilson, Anthony Dickenson, and David Ledingham. Disorders of peripheral nerves and motor neuron disease. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199664368.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses the clinical features and evidence-based drug treatment regimens of polyneuropathies (Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), multifocal motor neuropathy, paraproteinaemic neuropathies, and vasculitic neuropathies), mononeuropathies (Bell’s palsy), systemic conditions with peripheral nerve involvement (Sjögren’s and sarcoidosis), and motor neuron disease (MND).
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Mason, Peggy. Spinal Cord. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0004.

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The spinothalamic and lemniscal pathways carry somatosensory information from the periphery into the brain while the corticospinal pathway carries motor commands from the brain to motoneurons of the spinal cord. Following these pathways through the spinal cord allows the student to infer lesion location from symptoms. To exemplify the clinical importance of sympathetic outputs from thoracic segments, Horner syndrome is described. Similarly, the common problems caused by spinal cord injury on sacral parasympathetic functions are stressed. The contributions of specific spinal segments to breathing, hand and foot dexterity, and micturition are emphasized. Working through the logic of the symptoms caused by spinal hemisection (Brown-Séquard syndrome), pyramidal stroke, and syringomyelia provides the student with a clear framework for understanding spinal function in the clinical context.
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Guillery, Ray. The subcortical motor centres. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0004.

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This chapter looks more closely at some of the subcortical motor centres that play a peripheral or an auxiliary role in the standard view: primarily the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, and the superior colliculus; also several brainstem centres. These all play a significant role in motor control and between them receive inputs from the majority of cortical areas. The colliculus serves as an example of a centre that in mammals is often dominated by the cortex. The cortical action may be direct or may involve a strong inhibitory pathway through the basal ganglia. The standard view assigns even quite simple actions to the motor cortex, although comparable actions can be controlled in our vertebrate ancestors by the midbrain tectum which corresponds to the mammalian superior and inferior colliculi. The interactive view has information about movements going to most parts of the cortex, and has all cortical areas contributing to motor control through phylogenetically old centres. For most cortical areas, we must still learn how their motor outputs influence our actions.
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Book chapters on the topic "Motor periphery"

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Pallares-Barbera, Montserrat. "Nissan Motor Ibérica in Spain and Japanese Production Systems." In Japan and the European Periphery, 180–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25196-4_11.

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Mattioli, Giulio, Marco Dugato, and Ian Philips. "Vulnerability to Motor Fuel Price Increases: Socio-Spatial Patterns in Italy." In Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics, 89–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35684-1_5.

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AbstractEnvironmental taxes and oil market fluctuations can increase road fuel prices significantly and are likely to play a big role in the future. This raises social justice issues, as some low-income households rely on cars for access to services and opportunities but struggle to afford related expenses. The impacts of fuel price increases are unevenly spatially distributed, as shown by transport, planning and urban research. We investigate spatial patterns of vulnerability to fuel price increases in Italy, a country where the problem is particularly pronounced due to high motorisation rate relative to income, and high fuel prices. We define vulnerability as the combination of high exposure (high car use), high sensitivity (low income) and low adaptive capacity (high car dependence). Based on municipality-level data on motorisation and the journey to work from the 2011 Italian Census and official income tax revenue data for 2012 (as a proxy for income) we derive a composite indicator of vulnerability. The results show: i) a co-location of low-income and high car use on the periphery of many Italian city regions; ii) stark interregional differences, with lower income levels in the South driving high levels of vulnerability, despite lower levels of car ownership and use.
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Richter, H. P. "Motor Recovery After Delayed Nerve Suture." In Peripheral Nerve Lesions, 70–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75611-5_11.

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Schröder, J. M. "Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies." In Pathology of Peripheral Nerves, 101–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56808-4_7.

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Hopf, H. C. "Electrophysiological Changes Due to Motor Nerve Injury." In Peripheral Nerve Lesions, 32–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75611-5_6.

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Turner, Oscar A., Norman Taslitz, and Steven Ward. "Ulnar Nerve (Deep Motor Branch)." In Handbook of Peripheral Nerve Entrapments, 71–78. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4492-9_11.

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Anderson, Robert M. "Peripheral Motor and Sensory Impairments." In Critical Issues in Neuropsychology, 18–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2480-9_6.

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Dengler, R., and R. B. Stein. "Functional Changes of Single Motor Units After Nerve Suture." In Peripheral Nerve Lesions, 219–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75611-5_35.

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Jensen, Winnie, and Kristian Rauhe Harreby. "Selectivity of Peripheral Neural Interfaces." In Introduction to Neural Engineering for Motor Rehabilitation, 433–60. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118628522.ch22.

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Qiao, Shaoyu, Kevin A. Mauser, and Ken Yoshida. "Progress in Peripheral Neural Interfaces." In Introduction to Neural Engineering for Motor Rehabilitation, 63–94. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118628522.ch4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Motor periphery"

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Best, Matthew D., Aaron J. Suminski, Kazutaka Takahashi, and Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos. "Consideration of the functional relationship between cortex and motor periphery improves offline decoding performance." In 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944714.

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Yakovlev, Lev, Nikolay Syrov, and Alexander Kaplan. "The Impact of Afferent Periphery Stimulation on the mu-rhythm ERD During the Motor Imagery." In 2021 Third International Conference Neurotechnologies and Neurointerfaces (CNN). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cnn53494.2021.9580350.

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Ahn, Jooeun, and Neville Hogan. "The Basin of Entrainment of Human Gait Under Mechanical Perturbation." In ASME 2008 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2008-2168.

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Using Anklebot, a therapeutic robot module, we perturbed human gait by applying external torque to the human ankle at various frequencies. We observed that with a properly designed perturbation, 8 subjects out of 10 exhibited entrained gaits: their gait frequencies were adapted to the frequency of mechanical perturbation, and they synchronized their ankle actuation with the external torque supplied by the robot. This preliminary result suggests that a limit-cycle oscillator, a plausible element of the coupled system of central nervous system and musculo-skeletal periphery, plays a significant role in the neuro-motor execution of human locomotion. The entrainment of human gait by periodic torque from a robotic aid may provide a novel approach to walking therapy that is uniquely supportive of normal biological function.
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Mistry, Kishore, D. V. Bhatt, and N. R. Sheth. "Theoretical Modeling and Simulation of Piston Ring Assembly of an IC Engine." In ASME/STLE 2004 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/trib2004-64191.

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Frictional losses in an IC engine are observed between 17–19% of total induced horsepower. 35–45% frictional losses observed due to piston ring assembly only from the above-referred total frictional loss. Lubrication system is for reducing the frictional losses and under the total hydrodynamic lubrication system, if made it feasible, above referred losses can be reduced considerably. Wear normally observed at TDC and BDC during the power stroke. Experimental set-up is prepared by using used piston-cylinder assembly of an engine. Experiment methodology is adopted based on certain assumption and simulated the entire system with an extra drive system by an electric motor with a provision of various speed availability. Various pockets on cylinder liner of 2mm diameter are located on the periphery of cylinder liner to offer lubrication to the system. Care was taken to control the rate of lubrication flow with the help of control knob. Seven different profiles on piston ring were generated and measured. Friction force is calculated by power consumption measurement under different dynamic condition with a variation of 5-speed, 3- lubricants and different 8- types of piston ring geometry are experimented under different combination and results are tabulated. Graphs are plotted for friction force v/s speed for different lubricants and piston ring profiles. Effect of lubricants (SAE30, 15W40& 2T) and ring geometry are compared.
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Wegman, E., G. Snedden, S. J. van der Spuy, F. Holzinger, H. P. Schiffer, H. Mårtensson, and J. Őstlund. "The Development of an Air Injection System for the Forced Response Testing of Axial Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-96011.

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A phase-controllable air injection exciter system was developed to enable measurement of the forced response properties of a transonic axial compressor blisk. The project was performed as part of the FP7 European framework programme project FUTURE. The eventual aim of this project is to improve existing turbomachinery blade flutter prediction methods. The development and manufacturing of the exciter system was performed by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in Pretoria, South Africa. The exciter system consists of 15 air injectors, each with its own servo motor and controller. The injectors consist of a small rotating disc with a specific number of holes equispaced around the periphery, rotating within a pressurised volume. When the holes are rotated, using a servo motor, past an exit tube an air pulse is generated that is injected upstream of the compressor. The controllers enable adjustment of the relative phase angle between the exciters and in this way a pattern that resembles different nodal diameters can be excited on the rotor blisk. Once the construction of the system was completed, it was transferred to Stellenbosch University, South Africa for sub-scale testing on a low speed compressor. The purpose of the sub-scale tests was to commission and verify the operation of the exciter system. The tests started with simple in-phase tests and then worked towards more complex test parameters that included frequency sweeps through the natural frequency of the compressor blades. The tests showed that it is possible to generate a blade response of different nodal diameters using the exciters. The blade response was also found to vary depending on the number of rotor holes, air supply pressure and sweep rate used for the exciters. Following completion of the sub-scale tests, the completed system was transferred to the transonic compressor test facility of the Technical University Darmstädt (TUD) where both free flutter and forced response experiments were performed on a purpose-designed blisk in the transonic compressor test rig. The experimental campaign was successfully completed with the forced response experiments showing that the air injection system could be used to measure the response characteristics of the blisk.
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Conforto, Adriana Bastos, André Machado, Ela Plow, Claudia da Costa Leite, Isabella Menezes, Nathalia Ribeiro, Sarah M. Anjos, Paul Hunter Peckham, and Leonardo G. Cohen. "Repetitive peripheral sensory stimulation (RPSS)." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.522.

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Background: Repetitive peripheral sensory stimulation (RPSS) followed by 4- hour task-specific training improves upper limb motor function in subjects with stroke who experience moderate to severe motor upper limb impairments. Obectives: Here, we compared effects of RPSS versus sham followed by a shorter duration of training in subjects with moderate to severe motor impairments in the chronic phase after stroke. Design and setting: Single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallelgroup clinical trial. Methods: We compared effects of 18 sessions of either 1.5 hours of active RPSS or sham followed by a supervised session of 30-minutes of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and 45-minutes of task-specific training (TST) of the paretic upper limb. In both groups, subjects were instructed to perform functional tasks at home, without supervision. The primary outcome measure was the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) after six weeks of treatment. Grasp and pinch strength were secondary outcomes. Results: In intention-to-treat analysis, WMFT improved significantly in both active and sham groups at 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. Grasp strength improved significantly in the active, but not in the sham group, at 3 and 6 weeks. Pinch strength improved significantly in both groups at 3 weeks, and only in the active group at 6 weeks. Conclusions: RPSS enhanced hand strength in chronic stroke. Despite the short duration of supervised training (2.75 hours/session), changes in WMFT in both groups were comparable to those reported after longer, more intensive training protocols. These findings are relevant to settings that impose constraints in duration of direct contact between therapists and patients.
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Borges, S. S., R. Barbieri, and P. S. B. Zdanski. "Analysis of the Noise Level Generated by Axial Flow Fan Composed of Radial-Bladed Centrifugal Rotor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26415.

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The objective of this work is to present, by means of experimental, analytical and numerical techniques that sound pressure level generated by radial-bladed centrifugal fans of electric motor cooling systems may be expressed by a logarithmical ratio of the peripheral velocity of rotor, volumetric flow and efficiency of the fan. The proposed methodology proved to be efficient and simple in the prediction of generated noise by radial-bladed centrifugal fans of TEFC motors with accuracy of ± 3 dB. In addition, the acoustic resonance mode of the fan cavity were determined by means of numerical simulations, which its results were validated through experiments using waterfall spectrum.
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Masand, Shirley, Jian Chen, Melitta Schachner, and David I. Shreiber. "Functionalized Collagen Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19680.

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Despite the robust regenerative potential of the peripheral nervous system, a permanent loss of function is often associated with injury. A multitude of causes have been implicated in this outcome, including the presence of a non-permissive microenvironment surrounding the injury and the regrowth of emerging neurites towards inappropriate targets. Preferential motor reinnervation is a naturally occurring phenomenon where motor axons have increased accuracy in reaching their appropriate end targets as the course of regeneration proceeds1. Several molecules have been implicated in encouraging this response, including two carbohydrates — Polysialic Acid (PSA) and Human Natural Killer Epitope-1 (HNK-1)2,3. Peptide mimics of these molecules have been identified4,5, which are more stable and economical than their glycan counterparts, and have independently been shown to enhance PMR in a soluble form, but only for transection distances substantially smaller than the 5-mm ‘critical gap’ size for mice6,7.
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Bernardo, Juliana Matos Ferreira, Artur Bruno Silva Gomes, Felipe Jatobá Leite Nonato de Sá, Júlia Gonçalves Ferreira, and Maria Rosa da Silva. "Phantom pain: pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.496.

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Background: Phantom pain is a mentally debilitating neuropathy that affects post-amputees. It interferes with the independence and performance of activities, therefore affecting the quality of life. Its pathophysiology ranges from lesions in peripheral innervations, to spinal functional changes, modulation of cortical circuits and psychological factors Objectives : Demonstrate new therapeutic approaches and establish a relation with the pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods: Integrative review applying the descriptors: “phantom pain”, “physiopathology”, “post amputation pain”, “treatment”, and the Boolean operator AND. The searches were carried out at PUBMED with 142 results, at BVS with 113, and at Scielo ,showing no results. At the end, 9 papers were selected. No linguistic filters were used and articles published between 2016 and May 2020 were incorporated. Results: (1) Motor images, mental and visual representation of the limb and its function; (2) peripheral interfaces enables prosthetic control; both techniques active cortical reorganization by promoting sensory feedback to motor stimuli. (3) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and (4) direct current, a non-invasive approach, for maladaptive cortical neuromodulation, in addition to stimulate peripheral innervation. In surgical interventions, (5) targeted muscle reinnervation is used in the residual nerves on amputation process to reinnervate the motor terminal of the remaining muscles, promoting nerve growth and organization. Conclusions Physiological investigation applied to treatments enables effective therapeutics, anticipating rehabilitation. The representation of images, peripheral interfaces, brain stimulation and less invasive surgical techniques.
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Sinkjær, Thomas, and Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting. "Combined peripheral and cortical neural stimulation in motor neurorehabilitation." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260888.

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Reports on the topic "Motor periphery"

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Edell, David J. Determination of Long Term Motor Control and Cutaneous Sensory Properties of a High Resolution Peripheral Nerve Interface Technology for Limb Amputees. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574229.

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