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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Motor Neurone Disease

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Academic literature on the topic 'Motor Neurone Disease'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Motor Neurone Disease"

1

Knight, Lisa. "Motor neurone disease." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 13, no. 12 (November 23, 2020): 702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738020958024.

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Motor neurone disease describes a group of rare, fatal, neurodegenerative disorders. They are devastating conditions that cause the loss of upper and/or lower motor neurones, leading to a variety of progressive neurological symptoms that can develop over months to years. Due to the rarity of these conditions and the differing and often insidious symptoms there is typically a prolonged delay between presentation and diagnosis of between 15 and 18 months on average. There is often a short prognosis of 3 years, though this can vary significantly depending on the type of syndrome diagnosed. Primary care clinicians play a key role in both facilitating early diagnosis and subsequent management and co-ordination of care in the community.

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Jani, Bhautesh D. "Motor Neurone Disease." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 4, no. 10 (May 12, 2011): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/innovait/inr044.

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Guiloff, R. "Motor Neurone Disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 51, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.51.7.1015-a.

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Allen, C. "Motor Neurone Disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 57, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.57.10.1300.

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Lloyd, Catherine M., and P. Nigel Leigh. "Motor Neurone Disease." Medicine 28, no. 8 (2000): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/medc.28.8.109.28532.

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Guiloff, R. "Motor Neurone Disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 51, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.51.4.601.

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Pall, Hardev S. "Motor neurone disease." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 5, no. 3 (August 1995): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259800004342.

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Ng, Louisa, Paul Talman, and Fary Khan. "Motor neurone disease." International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 34, no. 2 (June 2011): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0b013e328344ae1f.

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Skelton, Jane. "Motor neurone disease." Primary Health Care 15, no. 4 (May 2005): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc2005.05.15.4.27.c581.

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Nageshwaran, S., L. M. Davies, I. Rafi, and A. Radunovi . "Motor neurone disease." BMJ 349, jul09 1 (July 9, 2014): g4052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4052.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Motor Neurone Disease"

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Tennant, Maria Elizabeth. "Axonal transport in motor neurone disease." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424667.

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Aspin, Jacqueline Patricia. "Immunological studies in motor neurone disease." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376335.

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Costa, Marc Michael John Da. "A zebrafish model of motor neurone disease." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548470.

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Mitchell, John Douglas. "Trace element studies in motor neurone disease." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261363.

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The first part of the thesis reviews previous literature relating to motor neurone disease (MND), the cause of which remains obscure more than 150 years after it was first described. Historical aspects are presented drawing attention to the early descriptions of different facets of the clinical picture of MND which preceded its crystallisation into a single disease entity in the teaching and writing of Charcot. Much of this early work depended on knowledge of the toxic effects of lead on the peripheral nervous system. The epidemiology, blood group and HLA associations, pathology, immunology and virology of MND are discussed. Physical factors are also reviewed as are previous biochemical studies of MND. Knowledge regarding lead and mercury in relation to MND is discussed in detail. An analysis of previous literature concerning trace elements in MND is then presented to introduce the experimental section. This concerns the measurement of trace elements in spinal cord, liver, bone and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in MND patients and reference subjects by neutron activation analysis. Increased cervical cord, liver and bone selenium concentrations were found in the MND patients. Manganese content was increased in cervical and thoracic cord but reduced in liver. Low CSF cobalt concentration were also found. All other elements measured were striking by their concordance between the two groups in both tissue and CSF samples. These findings of an apparent alteration in the distribution of selenium and manganese in MND suggested that free radical mechanisms might be implicated in the pathogenesis of MND. CSF parameters of free radical activity were therefore studied but no differences found between reference subjects and MND patients. These results are discussed both in relation to the trace element studies and recent work on the possible importance of xenobiotics in the aetiology of the disease. Other aspects of the biological importance of selenium and manganese are described and some consideration is given to the DNA hypothesis of Bradley. This hypothesis is difficult to verify experimentally. A cytogenetic approach studying the sensitivity of lymphocytes obtained from control subjects and MND patients to mitomicin-C and ethyl methanesulphonate is described. This work did not yield any collateral evidence to support this hypothesis. In conclusion an attempt is made to bring the results of all this work together and consider how they might lead to a clearer understanding of the cause of this tragic and enigmatic disease.

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Ruddy, Deborah Marie. "Linkage studies in familiar motor neurone disease." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420083.

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Rafiq, Muhammad. "Mechanically assisted cough in motor neurone disease." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6875/.

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Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a disabling and inevitably fatal disease, usually with a life expectancy of 2-3 years from symptom onset. It is characterised by progressive wasting and weakness in bulbar, limb and respiratory muscles. There is no cure and treatment is mainly symptomatic. Neuromuscular respiratory failure, with or without a chest infection, is the commonest cause of death in MND patients. It has been shown that supporting respiratory function with non-invasive ventilation, improves survival and quality of life despite progression of the disease. The patients with respiratory muscle weakness may also have a weak cough and significant difficulty in clearing their airways of respiratory secretions. This causes much discomfort, predisposes to chest infections and adversely affects quality of life. Due to lack of evidence in this area, there is no clear consensus or guideline about how best to help such patients. This work aimed to establish the role of cough augmentation techniques in MND. A total of 40 eligible patients with MND were randomised to the breath-stacking technique (n=21) or Mechanical Insufflator-Exsufflator MI-E (n=19) and followed-up at 3 monthly intervals for at least 12 months or until death. All patients were diagnosed with respiratory failure and offered non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The primary outcome measure was the number of days with symptoms of chest infection, treated with antibiotics, in the community or in hospital. Survival and quality of life benefit, assessed by short form 36 mental component summary (MCS) and sleep apnoea quality of life index symptoms domain (sym), were the secondary outcome measures. There were 13 episodes of chest infection in the breath-stacking group and 19 episodes in MI-E group (p=0.87), requiring 90 and 95 days of antibiotics respectively (p=0.85). There were 6 episodes of hospitalisation in each group (p=0.87). The mean duration of symptoms per chest infection was 6.9 days in the breath-stacking group and 3.9 days in MI-E group (p=0.16). The chance of hospitalization, in the event of a chest infection was 0.46 in the breath-stacking group and 0.31 in MI-E group (p=0.47). Median survival in the breath-stacking group was 535 days and 266 days in the MI-E group. The MCS score was maintained above 75% of baseline for a median of 329 days in the breath-stacking group and 205 days in MI-E group (p=0.41). A non-significant improvement in quality of life, compared to baseline was observed in both interventional groups. In MND patients with respiratory failure, cough augmentation is likely to help maintain quality of life in the presence of the distressing symptom of weakened ability to cough. This study was not powered to assess the potential impact on life expectancy. There was no significant difference in terms of pulmonary morbidity between the two groups. A trend towards fewer chest infections was observed in the breath-stacking group, and a trend for reduced duration of antibiotic use and decreased chance of hospitalization in the event of a chest infection was observed in the MI-E group, though these changes did not reach statistical significance. These results are insufficient to draw firm conclusions, but support routine domiciliary use of a suitable cough augmentation technique in patients with ALS requiring respiratory support. The breath-stacking technique may be prescribed for domiciliary use with the onset of respiratory failure. MI-E may be useful in the event of a chest infection when it has the potential to reduce the duration of antibiotic use and chance of hospitalisation or when breath-stacking is no longer sufficient to maintain patient comfort. The results of this trial provide data useful for the power calculations required for a larger-scale multi-centre randomised trial.

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Chhetri, Suresh Kumar. "Outcomes of enteral feeding in motor neurone disease." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2015. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/12862/.

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Motor Neurone Disease (MND) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of unknown aetiology characterised by the degeneration of motor neurones leading to progressive wasting and weakness of the bulbar, limb and respiratory muscles. Symptomatic treatment remains the cornerstone of management. Malnutrition is a common occurrence and an independent risk factor for worse prognosis. Clinical guidelines recommend enteral feeding when there is deterioration in nutritional status and/or dysphagia. However, it remains unclear whether enteral feeding offers any survival advantage. Moreover, the impact of enteral feeding on patients’ quality of life remains unknown. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of enteral feeding on survival and quality of life of patients with MND and describe the clinico-demographic characteristics of MND in Lancashire and South Cumbria in North West England. The study has both retrospective and prospective arms. The retrospective study was undertaken by reviewing the Preston MND database and case notes to examine the demographic, clinical and survival characteristics of MND in Lancashire and South Cumbria. The prospective study was undertaken over a period of three years to explore the perspectives of 21 patients with enteral feeding and its impact on their quality of life. The overall crude incidence of MND was 3.15 per 100,000. The mean age of onset was 67.28 (S.D. 11.06; range 22.78-93.06) years. Median overall illness duration was 1.98 (range 1.18-3.05) years. The presentation was limb onset in 62.1% cases and bulbar onset in 37.9% cases. A total of 91 (26.8%) patients received enteral feeding of which 67.0% were bulbar onset. Enteral feeding was not associated with a statistically significant survival advantage (χ2 (1) = 1.73, p = 0.19). iii Enteral feeding was associated with improved quality of life, despite the attendant inconveniences. Enteral feeding was perceived as being essential to survival by some participants while others reported a sense of relief and security that their nutritional needs were met. The body mass index stabilised following enteral feeding. A key finding, relevant for clinical practice, is that most study subjects acknowledged the importance of enteral feeding and a vast majority did not wish for the feeding tube to be removed, indicating a positive attitude towards enteral feeding. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a positive impact of enteral feeding on quality of life but not on survival. The lack of survival advantage should however, not dissuade clinicians from offering enteral feeding to patients with MND who manifest dysphagia and/or malnutrition. Even if enteral feeding does not add months to life, this study provides preliminary evidence that that it helps to add life to months.

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King, Susan Jane, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Negotiating life choices: living with motor neurone disease." Deakin University. School of Nursing, 2005. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060719.144725.

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Motor neurone disease (MND) is an uncommon neurodegenerative disease that is terminal and has an insidious onset. With no known cause or cure, the disease triggers progressive death of motor neurones that causes increasing difficulties with mobility, communication, breathing and nutrition. Most research focuses on the disease process, but little is known of the illness experience from the perspective of those diagnosed with the disease. The aim of this study was to explore what it is like to live with MND and how people with the disease negotiate with others to exercise choice over the way they live. A grounded theory methodology was used to explore the life world of people diagnosed and living with MND. Data were collected via in-depth interviews, their stories and photographs, poems and books participants identified as important and fieldnotes. The textual data were analysed using constant comparative analysis. The majority of participants experienced difficulty with verbal communication. Some invited a third person to interpret their speech and others used assistive technologies such as Lightwriters and computers. Analysis revealed three constructs that, together, told the story of the MND illness experience. First, was the “diagnosis story” that described the devastating process of repeated tests had on the participants, shattering their trust in the competence of the health care system. The second construct revealed the process of living with MND as cyclical and repetitive requiring constant decision-making to adapt to the ongoing changes connected with the disease. The core theme and basic social process of “maintaining personal integrity” evolved as the third construct. This process underpinned and explained participants decision-making. Finally a substantive theory was conceptualised as the illness experience: “maintaining personal integrity in the face of ongoing change and adaptation”. This theory illustrates that the basic social process of maintaining personal integrity is central to decision and choice making while living with MND. The findings have implications for people with MND, their carers, health professionals and service providers. Recommendations include improved counselling services for people at the time of diagnosis; the introduction of nurse specialists to support health professionals, people diagnosed with the disease and their families; open, accessible, realistic health and funding policies.

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Lloyd, Catherine Margaret. "Aspects of cortical function in motor neurone disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243835.

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Rewaj, Phillipa Jane. "Nature of language impairment in motor neurone disease." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9744.

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Background: Language impairment associated with Motor Neurone Disease (MND) has been documented since the late 19th century, yet little is understood about the pervasiveness or nature of these deficits. The common clinical view among healthcare professionals is that communication difficulties can be attributed solely to the motor speech disorder dysarthria. Recent literature raises the possibility of more central processing deficits. Impairments in naming ability and comprehension of complex grammatical constructs have been frequently reported in some patients with MND. However, there is now growing evidence of spelling impairment, which could suggest the contribution of a more phonologically based deficit. In addition, the close relationship between MND and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) raises questions about the connection between the language impairments seen in MND patients and those documented in patients with the primary progressive aphasia (PPA) syndromes associated with FTD. Aims: This thesis examines the nature of speech and language deficits in people with MND and the extent to which expressive communication impairment can occur above and beyond dysarthria. In particular, the study explores: i) to what extent these language impairments can be attributed to deficits in working memory, executive functioning and/or disease severity; ii) what spelling errors can reveal about the integrity of lexical, phonological and orthographic processing; iii) whether similar patterns of impairment can be seen in PPA syndromes; iv) the relationship between language impairment and bulbar onset; and v) the impact these findings have on clinical management of MND patients. Methods: MND patients from across Scotland with changes in speech and/or language were tested using a neuropsychological battery of experimental and standardised tests of naming, spelling, syntactic comprehension, prosody and phonological and orthographical awareness. Patients were also screened for levels of dysarthria, executive functioning and working memory deficits, and results compared to those of matched controls. Findings: As a group, MND participants performed significantly worse than matched controls on measures of naming, spelling, orthographical awareness, grammatical comprehension, affective prosody and verbal fluency, but not working memory. However, based on patterns of individual impairment, of which spelling impairment formed a distinctive marker, the patient group divided into dichotomous subgroups, with 44% of participants categorised as ‘linguistically impaired’, while the remainder displayed little to no impairment. Those participants identified as linguistically impaired did not differ significantly from other MND participants on measures of disease severity, disease duration or dysarthria severity, although significantly more bulbar onset than limb onset participants were linguistically impaired. Spelling error patterns were suggestive of deficits at both a lexical and sublexical level, and were comparable to those reported in PPA literature. These findings suggest that dysarthria may be masking linguistic deficits in almost half of dysarthric MND patients, and highlight the importance of multidimensional assessment of language for effective clinical management.

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Books on the topic "Motor Neurone Disease"

1

David, Oliver. Motor neurone disease. 2nd ed. London: Royal College of General Practitioners, 1994.

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1948-, Hunter Maggie, ed. Motor neurone disease. London: Routledge, 1998.

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Association, Motor Neurone Disease. Motor neurone disease resource file. Northampton: Motor Neurone Disease Association, 2000.

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M, Cochrane George, ed. The Management of motor neurone disease. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1987.

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McGovern, Andy. Against the odds: Living with motor neurone disease. Dublin: Londubh Books, 2013.

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Mowat, Linda. As long as possible: An encounter with motor neurone disease. Oxford: Quince, 2000.

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Siddons, Adrian. The molecular pathology and molecular genetics of motor neurone disease. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1997.

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Excellence, National Institute for Clinical. Guidance on the use of Riluzole (Rilutek) for the treatment of Motor Neurone Disease. London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence, 2001.

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Beresford, Susan. An exploration of the unconscious processes used by people with motor neurone disease in coping with the effects of their illness. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2000.

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Murphy, Joan. Have I got views for you!: A communication framework to enable people with motor neurone disease to discuss their quality of life. Sterling: University of Stirling, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Motor Neurone Disease"

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Pall, Hardev S. "Motor Neurone Disease." In Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine, 793–808. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119952930.ch68.

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Imam, Ibrahim. "Motor neurone disease." In 700 Essential Neurology Checklists, 222–30. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003221258-66.

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Natalwala, Ibrahim, Ammar Natalwala, and E. Glucksman. "Motor neurone disease." In MCQs in Neurology and Neurosurgery for Medical Students, 77–81. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781846199387-10.

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Nagaratnam, Nages, Kujan Nagaratnam, and Gary Cheuk. "Motor Neurone Disease." In Geriatric Diseases, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32700-6_37-1.

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Nagaratnam, Nages, Kujan Nagaratnam, and Gary Cheuk. "Motor Neurone Disease." In Geriatric Diseases, 333–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33434-9_37.

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Aspin, J., R. Harrison, A. Jehanli, and G. G. Lunt. "Autoimmune Involvement in Motor Neurone Disease." In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 71–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5302-7_11.

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Rose, F. C. "The Management of Motor Neurone Disease." In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 167–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5302-7_28.

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Cawadias, Elaine, and Kathleen Beggs. "Motor neurone disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." In Dietetic and Nutrition Case Studies, 75–77. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119163411.ch19.

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Gourie-Devi, M. "Discussion on Epidemiology of Motor Neurone Disease." In Neurology, 300–303. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70007-1_42.

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Williams, Isla M., L. A. Abel, and K. G. Gibson. "Ocular Motility Defects in Motor Neurone Disease*." In Strabismus and Ocular Motility Disorders, 509–16. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11188-6_74.

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Conference papers on the topic "Motor Neurone Disease"

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Crawford, Emma, Helen Stone, Ian Cliff, Karen Morrison, Hardev Pall, and Naveed Mustfa. "Hypoxic challenge testing in motor neurone disease." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2296.

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Cliff, IJ, N. Mustfa, and H. Stone. "P140 Hypoxic challenge testing in motor neurone disease." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2017, QEII Centre Broad Sanctuary Westminster London SW1P 3EE, 6 to 8 December 2017, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210983.282.

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Ballard, Emily, Mike Mackie, Samiha Ismail, Reegan Puthussery, Hina Pattani, Joerg Steier, Philip Marino, et al. "Ventilation in Motor Neurone Disease (MND): what happens in practice." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2177.

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Ashcroft, Helen, Hikari Ando, Bis Chakrabarti, Robert Angus, Rob Hallhead, and Rosanna Cousins. "Telemonitoring to optimise care in motor neurone disease: A pilot study." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa3055.

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Palmer, JM, AD Armstrong, B. Kathiresan, MJ Latham, and R. Moses. "S41 Tracheostomy ventilation in motor neurone disease: a multi-centre review." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2017, QEII Centre Broad Sanctuary Westminster London SW1P 3EE, 6 to 8 December 2017, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210983.47.

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Ferguson, Claire, Suzanne McArthur, and Nikki Reed. "O-6 Delivering integrated hospice based care in motor neurone disease." In People, Partnerships and Potential, 16 – 18 November 2016, Liverpool. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2016-001245.6.

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Van Ristell, Holly, Edward Parkes, Joanna Shakespeare, Abigail Bishopp, Asad Ali, and David Parr. "Non-invasive Ventilation Compliance and Survival Trends in Motor Neurone Disease." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa3705.

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Howard, Mark, David Berlowitz, Ian Batchelder, and Chris Smith. "Day Implementation Model For Non-invasive Ventilation In Motor Neurone Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3059.

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Flounders, Amber. "P-222 Supporting family caregivers of patients with motor neurone disease." In Finding a Way Forward, Hospice UK National Conference, 22–24 November 2022, Glasgow. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2022-hunc.236.

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Gulliver, James, Abdul Dinata, Oliver Bendall, James Bebb, and Tracy Lee. "PWE-005 Gastrostomy use in the south west for motor neurone disease patients." In British Society of Gastroenterology Annual Meeting, 17–20 June 2019, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-bsgabstracts.336.

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Reports on the topic "Motor Neurone Disease"

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Andrades, Oscar, David Ulloa, Dario Martinez, Francisco Guede, Gustava Muñoz, Luis Javier Chirosa, and Amador García. Effect of the manipulation of the variables that configure the stimulus of strength training on motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0079.

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Review question / Objective: To analyze the evidence on studies that have manipulated the variables that make up the strength training stimulus and its effects on motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease. Condition being studied: Parkinson's is a multisystemic neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system and is caused by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia of the midbrain. People with Parkinson's disease (PEP) have non-motor and motor clinical symptoms. Classic motor symptoms are rest tremor, joint stiffness, bradykinesia, decreased balance, gait disturbances (speed, temporality, spatiality, support, and freezing) and decreased functional performance.

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Wang, Xiao, Hong Shen, Yujie Liang, Yixin Wang, Meiqi Zhang, and Hongtao Ma. Effectiveness of Tango Intervention on Motor Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0009.

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Review question / Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra of the brain, resulting in lesions in the basal ganglia. The main motor symptoms of PD include resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia or bradykinesia and postural instability. As an exercise intervention based on musical accompaniment, tango dance has shown positive effects on the rehabilitation of motor symptoms in PD patients in recently. In this study, we systematically reviewed the efficacy of tango intervention in alleviating the motor symptoms of patients with PD. Condition being studied: Parkinson. Information sources: The following electronic databases will be searched: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science Core collection, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI) and WanFang Database.

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Singh, Ruchi, Akhiya Nail, and Nirendra Kumar Rai. Effectiveness of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on cognitive, motor & mood instability of Parkinson’s disease patients on levodopa treatment :A Systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0066.

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Review question / Objective: The treatment of choice for patients of Parkinson's disease is levodopa. However, levodopa has been suggested to decrease Vit B12 level in these patients. Thus, the research question for this systematic review is whether vit B 12 supplementation in Parkinson's disease(PD) patients on treatment with levodopa improves vit B12 level effecting the Cognition, Motor functions and Mood instability among them in comparison to PD patients on levodopa treatment who are not supplemented with Vit B12. Condition being studied: Parkinson disease is the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons present within the substantia nigra that can lead to altered movements along with the prevalence of cognitive and mood instability as a result of dopamine(neurotransmitter) deficiency. The most effective treatment for the Parkinson's disease is the administration of levodopa, a dopamine precursor . Long term treatment with levodopa causes an increase in homocysteine levels and tissue deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate may occur. Vitamin B12 supplementation is administered as after management regime, in Parkinson patient on levodopa treatment . This study aims to conduct a systematic review, of studies , randomized control trials investigating the ability of vitamin B12 supplementation to enhances the recovery/reduce the decline, if any, of the symptoms of cognitive, motor, mood impairments associated with Parkinson's disease patient on levodopa treatment.

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Zhu, Qiaochu, Jin Zhou, Hai Huang, Jie Han, Biwei Cao, Dandan Xu, Yan Zhao, and Gang Chen. Risk factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0118.

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Review question / Objective: To identify and list the risk factors associated with the onset and progression of ALS. Condition being studied: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the upper and lower motor neurons in the spinal bulb, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord. The clinical processing symptoms accompany muscle atrophy, fasciculation, and fatigue of limbs, which can lead to general paralysis and death from respiratory failure within 3-5 years after the onset of this disease. Though the pathogenesis of ALS is still unclear, exploring the associations between risk factors and ALS can provide reliable evidence to find the pathogenesis in the future. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize all related risk factors on ALS, comprehensively understand this disease, and provide clues to mechanism research and clinicians.

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