Journal articles: 'Motor markers'

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Mano, Tomoo, Kaoru Kinugawa, Shigekazu Fujimura, and Kazuma Sugie. "The Lateralization of Resting Motor Threshold to Predict Medication-Mediated Improvement in Parkinson’s Disease." Brain Sciences 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070842.

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Cortical stimulation patterns in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are asymmetric and get altered over time. This study examined cortical neurophysiological markers for PD and identified neurophysiological markers for lateralization in PD. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study corticospinal and intracortical excitability in 21 patients with idiopathic PD. We used the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale for examination during on and off periods and evaluated inhibitory and facilitatory process markers using TMS, including resting motor thresholds (RMT), active motor thresholds, and motor evoked potential amplitude. The RMT in the more affected cortex was significantly shorter than in the less affected cortex, and was strongly correlated with improved motor function following medication. Patients in the tremor group exhibited significantly lower RMT compared to those in the akinetic-rigid group. Cortical electrophysiological laterality observed in patients with PD may be a useful marker for guiding treatment and identifying underlying compensatory mechanisms.

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Yordanova, Juliana, Michael Falkenstein, and Vasil Kolev. "Motor Oscillations as Markers of Error Processing." International Journal of Psychophysiology 168 (October 2021): S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.07.297.

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Baranov, Georgii D., Erivelton G. Nepomuceno, Michail A. Vaganov, Valerii Y. Ostrovskii, and Denis N. Butusov. "New Spectral Markers for Broken Bars Diagnostics in Induction Motors." Machines 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8010006.

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The paper discusses the spectral markers of fault rotor bars in induction motor current signature analysis (MCSA). The results of the simulation of the deterioration process for a single rotor bar, as well as the results of research for various mutual bracing of two broken bars, are reported. We proposed a simple empiric technique allowing one to obtain frequencies for spectrum markers of damaged rotor bars based on simulation analysis. The set of frequencies obtained in the experimental part of the study was compared with simulation results and the results of real-life measurements. The theoretical results were verified through the experiment with the real induction motor under load. Analysis of experimental results proved that the given algorithm for spectrum analysis is suitable for early detection of fault rotor bars in induction motors.

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Triwahyudin, Agus, Hari Kurnia Safitri, and Mila Fauziyah. "Pembacaan Jarak dan Kecepatan dengan ArUco Marker pada Sistem Koper Follow Me Beroda." Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 21, no. 1 (July 9, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2022.v21i01.p14.

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Koper Follow Me Beroda merupakan robot otomatis yang dapat mengikuti perjalanan manusia untuk membawa barang dalam memenuhi keperluanya. Koper ini memiliki 2 mode; mode manual dan otomatis. Mode manual koper akan digunakan layaknya koper pada pada umumnya. Sedangkan mode otomatis, koper akan selalu mengikuti pemiliknya yang sudah memiliki tanda khusus (markers). Komponen utama sistem adalah kamera raspberry pi, raspberry pi 4, push button, buzzer, driver motor dan motor dc. Dengan melakukan image processing pada tanda khusus (markers) sehingga menghasilkan variabel jarak. Hasil pengolahan pembacaan variabel jarak akan diproses mejadi variabel kecepatan, sehingga range data error akan didapatkan. Penggunaan marker tipe ArUco Marker, pembatasan jarak pembacaan tanda khusus dengan jarak maksimal sejauh 2 meter yang sebisa mungkin stabil pada jarak 1 meter. Untuk mengantisipasi kegagalan pembacaan digunakan buzzer sebagai tanda bahwa Koper Follow Me telah jauh dari penggunanya. Pada hasil pengujian dengan menggunakan marker tipe ArUco Markers dihasilkan jarak minimal 74 mm, maksimal 2170 mm. Dengan tingkat error pembacaan paling kecil pada jarak 400 mm dan 1100 mm sedangkan untuk error pembacaan paling besar pada jarak 2000 mm dan untuk rata-rata error hasil pembacaan jarak sebesar 0,55 %.

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Rogić, Maja, and Ana Jerončić. "Neurophysiologic Markers of Motor Speech Related Cortical Areas." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 193 (June 2015): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.264.

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Duque, Julie, Ian Greenhouse, Ludovica Labruna, and Richard B. Ivry. "Physiological Markers of Motor Inhibition during Human Behavior." Trends in Neurosciences 40, no. 4 (April 2017): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2017.02.006.

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Kaufmann, Petra, and Hiroshi Mitsumoto. "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Objective upper motor neuron markers." Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 2, no. 1 (February 2002): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-002-0054-x.

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Scheinberg, Morton Aaron, Ricardo Prado Golmia, Adriana Maluf Elias Sallum, Maria Guadalupe Barbosa Pippa, Aline Pinheiros dos Santos Cortada, and Telma Gomes da Silva. "Bone health in cerebral palsy and introduction of a novel therapy." Einstein (São Paulo) 13, no. 4 (December 2015): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3321.

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ABSTRACT Objective To assess the bone health status of children with cerebral palsy and the therapeutic effect of denosumab in a subgroup of children with cerebral palsy and decreased bone mass. Methods Children with cerebral palsy were evaluated according to their motor disability score (classification system gross motor functions III to V), bone density and bone turnover markers. Dual X-ray energy absorption was used to measure the lumbar spine, and total body, except the head. Thereafter a group of children with cerebral palsy and osteoporosis was treated with denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody. Bone turnover markers were measured before and three months after treatment. Results Reduction in bone mineral density was observed, particularly in children with greater impairment evaluated by the motor score. Decreased bone turnover markers were found in a selected group of children three months after exposure to denosumab. Conclusion Bone loss was present in children with significant impairment of motor function, as well as decreased serum levels of bone resorption markers with new forms.

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Einspieler, Bos, Krieber-Tomantschger, Alvarado, Barbosa, Bertoncelli, Burger, et al. "Cerebral Palsy: Early Markers of Clinical Phenotype and Functional Outcome." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (October 4, 2019): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101616.

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The Prechtl General Movement Assessment (GMA) has become a cornerstone assessment in early identification of cerebral palsy (CP), particularly during the fidgety movement period at 3–5 months of age. Additionally, assessment of motor repertoire, such as antigravity movements and postural patterns, which form the Motor Optimality Score (MOS), may provide insight into an infant’s later motor function. This study aimed to identify early specific markers for ambulation, gross motor function (using the Gross Motor Function Classification System, GMFCS), topography (unilateral, bilateral), and type (spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, and hypotonic) of CP in a large worldwide cohort of 468 infants. We found that 95% of children with CP did not have fidgety movements, with 100% having non-optimal MOS. GMFCS level was strongly correlated to MOS. An MOS > 14 was most likely associated with GMFCS outcomes I or II, whereas GMFCS outcomes IV or V were hardly ever associated with an MOS > 8. A number of different movement patterns were associated with more severe functional impairment (GMFCS III–V), including atypical arching and persistent cramped-synchronized movements. Asymmetrical segmental movements were strongly associated with unilateral CP. Circular arm movements were associated with dyskinetic CP. This study demonstrated that use of the MOS contributes to understanding later CP prognosis, including early markers for type and severity.

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Infarinato, Francesco, Fabien Pifferi, Anisur Rahman, Claudio Del Percio, Yves Lamberty, Fabienne Aujard, and Claudio Babiloni. "P1-040: EEG markers of motor activity in lemurs." Alzheimer's & Dementia 9 (July 2013): P166—P167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.260.

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Turrini, Sonia, Naomi Bevacqua, Antonio Cataneo, Emilio Chiappini, Francesca Fiori, Simone Battaglia, Vincenzo Romei, and Alessio Avenanti. "Neurophysiological Markers of Premotor–Motor Network Plasticity Predict Motor Performance in Young and Older Adults." Biomedicines 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2023): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051464.

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Aging is commonly associated with a decline in motor control and neural plasticity. Tuning cortico–cortical interactions between premotor and motor areas is essential for controlling fine manual movements. However, whether plasticity in premotor–motor circuits predicts hand motor abilities in young and elderly humans remains unclear. Here, we administered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and primary motor cortex (M1) using the cortico–cortical paired-associative stimulation (ccPAS) protocol to manipulate the strength of PMv-to-M1 connectivity in 14 young and 14 elderly healthy adults. We assessed changes in motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) during ccPAS as an index of PMv-M1 network plasticity. We tested whether the magnitude of MEP changes might predict interindividual differences in performance in two motor tasks that rely on premotor-motor circuits, i.e., the nine-hole pegboard test and a choice reaction task. Results show lower motor performance and decreased PMv-M1 network plasticity in elderly adults. Critically, the slope of MEP changes during ccPAS accurately predicted performance at the two tasks across age groups, with larger slopes (i.e., MEP increase) predicting better motor performance at baseline in both young and elderly participants. These findings suggest that physiological indices of PMv-M1 plasticity could provide a neurophysiological marker of fine motor control across age-groups.

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Kim, Yong Kuk, Rosa M. S. Visscher, Elke Viehweger, Navrag B. Singh, William R. Taylor, and Florian Vogl. "A deep-learning approach for automatically detecting gait-events based on foot-marker kinematics in children with cerebral palsy—Which markers work best for which gait patterns?" PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): e0275878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275878.

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Neuromotor pathologies often cause motor deficits and deviations from typical locomotion, reducing the quality of life. Clinical gait analysis is used to effectively classify these motor deficits to gain deeper insights into resulting walking behaviours. To allow the ensemble averaging of spatio-temporal metrics across individuals during walking, gait events, such as initial contact (IC) or toe-off (TO), are extracted through either manual annotation based on video data, or through force thresholds using force plates. This study developed a deep-learning long short-term memory (LSTM) approach to detect IC and TO automatically based on foot-marker kinematics of 363 cerebral palsy subjects (age: 11.8 ± 3.2). These foot-marker kinematics, including 3D positions and velocities of the markers located on the hallux (HLX), calcaneus (HEE), distal second metatarsal (TOE), and proximal fifth metatarsal (PMT5), were extracted retrospectively from standard barefoot gait analysis sessions. Different input combinations of these four foot-markers were evaluated across three gait subgroups (IC with the heel, midfoot, or forefoot). For the overall group, our approach detected 89.7% of ICs within 16ms of the true event with a 18.5% false alarm rate. For TOs, only 71.6% of events were detected with a 33.8% false alarm rate. While the TOE|HEE marker combination performed well across all subgroups for IC detection, optimal performance for TO detection required different input markers per subgroup with performance differences of 5-10%. Thus, deep-learning LSTM based detection of IC events using the TOE|HEE markers offers an automated alternative to avoid operator-dependent and laborious manual annotation, as well as the limited step coverage and inability to measure assisted walking for force plate-based detection of IC events.

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Lukashevich, V. A., V. V. Ponomarev, S. V. Gubkin, and S. M. Mankevich. "Evaluation of motor adaptation of healthy persons according to space-time kinematics data." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 67, no. 1 (March 4, 2023): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2023-67-1-51-58.

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An important problem of modern clinical biomechanics is to identify complex movement markers that make it possible to evaluate complex motor adaptive reactions regardless of age, gender, and anthropometric deviations. The purpose of the present study was to develop a method for analysis of human motor adaptive reactions based on calculating specific biomechanical markers obtained by performing diverse kinematic tests. The study involved 90 volunteers with a right-leading kinematic side at an age of 18.8 [16.8/20.8] years, with a height of 171.8 [179.2/164.8] cm, a body weight of 65.3 [76.6/58.5] kg, and the ratio of men and women – 5 : 4. During the study, all participants underwent biomechanical analysis using the TESLASUIT remote motion capture suit and performing diverse kinematic tests. In the course of the study, a new method for analyzing human motor adaptive reactions was developed. It is based on calculating specific time markers of the active phase, average angular deviation markers, and inertial kinematic markers. All markers are calculated after each kinematic tests “frontal stability”, “sagittal stability”, “spatial orientation”, and “stimulus identification”. Our survey revealed that specific (p < 0.001) markers of the first test are the time indicators of the active phase, the markers of the second and fourth tests are associated with the average angular deviation parameters, and the specific indicators of the third test can be the inertial kinematics of thighs, legs, and feet.

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Oliveira, Pérola de, and Francisco Cardoso. "Impact of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and autonomic disorders on Parkinson's disease: a review." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 79, no. 2 (February 2021): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0173.

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ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease (PD) has heterogeneous clinical manifestations and prognoses. It is accompanied by a group of motor and non-motor symptoms ranging from independence to total disability, limiting work and personal care activities. Currently, disease subtype markers for informing prognosis remain elusive. However, some studies have reported an association between rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and faster motor and non-motor symptom progression, including autonomic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Moreover, since autonomic dysfunction has been described in idiopathic forms of RBD, and they share some central regulatory pathways, it remains unclear whether they have a primary association or if they are more severe in patients with PD and RBD, and thus are a disease subtype marker. This article aimed at critically reviewing the literature on the controversies about the prevalence of RBD in PD, the higher incidence of PD non-motor symptoms associated with RBD, the evidence of faster motor worsening in parkinsonian patients with this parasomnia, and the main pathophysiological hypotheses that support these findings.

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Pattyn, A., M. Hirsch, C. Goridis, and J. F. Brunet. "Control of hindbrain motor neuron differentiation by the homeobox gene Phox2b." Development 127, no. 7 (April 1, 2000): 1349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.7.1349.

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Motor neurons are a widely studied model of vertebrate neurogenesis. They can be subdivided in somatic, branchial and visceral motor neurons. Recent studies on the dorsoventral patterning of the rhombencephalon have implicated the homeobox genes Pax6 and Nkx2.2 in the early divergence of the transcriptional programme of hindbrain somatic and visceral motor neuronal differentiation. We provide genetic evidence that the paired-like homeodomain protein Phox2b is required for the formation of all branchial and visceral, but not somatic, motor neurons in the hindbrain. In mice lacking Phox2b, both the generic and subtype-specific programs of motoneuronal differentiation are disrupted at an early stage. Most motor neuron precursors die inside the neuroepithelium while those that emigrate to the mantle layer fail to switch on early postmitotic markers and to downregulate neuroepithelial markers. Thus, the loss of function of Phox2b in hindbrain motor neurons exemplifies a novel control point in the generation of CNS neurons.

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Liu, Sicong, Jillian M. Clements, Elayna P. Kirsch, Hrishikesh M. Rao, David J. Zielinski, Yvonne Lu, Boyla O. Mainsah, et al. "Psychophysiological Markers of Performance and Learning during Simulated Marksmanship in Immersive Virtual Reality." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 7 (June 1, 2021): 1253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01713.

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Abstract The fusion of immersive virtual reality, kinematic movement tracking, and EEG offers a powerful test bed for naturalistic neuroscience research. Here, we combined these elements to investigate the neuro-behavioral mechanisms underlying precision visual–motor control as 20 participants completed a three-visit, visual–motor, coincidence-anticipation task, modeled after Olympic Trap Shooting and performed in immersive and interactive virtual reality. Analyses of the kinematic metrics demonstrated learning of more efficient movements with significantly faster hand RTs, earlier trigger response times, and higher spatial precision, leading to an average of 13% improvement in shot scores across the visits. As revealed through spectral and time-locked analyses of the EEG beta band (13–30 Hz), power measured prior to target launch and visual-evoked potential amplitudes measured immediately after the target launch correlated with subsequent reactive kinematic performance in the shooting task. Moreover, both launch-locked and shot/feedback-locked visual-evoked potentials became earlier and more negative with practice, pointing to neural mechanisms that may contribute to the development of visual–motor proficiency. Collectively, these findings illustrate EEG and kinematic biomarkers of precision motor control and changes in the neurophysiological substrates that may underlie motor learning.

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Cheung, V. C. K., A. Turolla, M. Agostini, S. Silvoni, C. Bennis, P. Kasi, S. Paganoni, P. Bonato, and E. Bizzi. "Muscle synergy patterns as physiological markers of motor cortical damage." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 36 (August 20, 2012): 14652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212056109.

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Baumann, Fusun, Robert D. Henderson, Stephen E. Rose, Anthony Pettitt, and Pamela A. McCombe. "64. Novel upper and lower motor neurone markers of ALS." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 17, no. 12 (December 2010): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2010.07.065.

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Rodríguez-Ithurralde, Daniel, and Oscar Vincent. "Excitotoxicity and cholinergic chemical markers during programmed motor neurone death." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 124 (July 1994): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(94)90176-7.

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Jahanian, Sepideh, Miguel Pareja-Cajiao, Heather M. Gransee, Gary C. Sieck, and Carlos B. Mantilla. "Autophagy markers LC3 and p62 in aging lumbar motor neurons." Experimental Gerontology 194 (September 2024): 112483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2024.112483.

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Kyguoliene, Laura, Albertas Skurvydas, Nerijus Eimantas, Neringa Baranauskienė, Dalia Mickeviciene, Daiva Urboniene, Margarita Cernych, and Marius Brazaitis. "Effect of constant, predictable, and unpredictable motor tasks on motor performance and blood markers of stress." Experimental Brain Research 235, no. 5 (February 16, 2017): 1323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-017-4894-7.

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Tumilovich, Taisiya A., Victoria V. Sinkova, Daria A. Grishina, Natalia A. Suponeva, Sofya N. Morozova, Marina V. Krotenkova, Anna V. Mansurova, and Andrey O. Chechetkin. "Neuroimaging Markers for Differential Diagnosis Between Multifocal Motor Neuropathy and Multifocal Acquired Demyelinating Sensory and Motor Neuropathy." Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology 18, no. 1 (April 5, 2024): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54101/acen.2024.1.3.

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Introduction. Similar asymmetric patterns of motor disorders and neurophysiological changes complicate the differential diagnosis between multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (MADSAM) as two chronic dysimmune neuropathies with significantly different treatment approaches. The lack of specific paraclinical markers often result in misdiagnosis and selection of ineffective specific therapy. Identification of specific neuroimaging biomarkers to differentiate these conditions may improve diagnostic approaches. Objective: To identify neuroimaging markers for the differential diagnosis between MMN and MADSAM. Materials and methods. The study included 65 participants, particularly 30 individuals with MMN and 35 individuals with MADSAM followed up in the Center of Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia. We retrospectively analyzed their clinical and epidemiological characteristics as well as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Results. Ultrasonography was performed on the peripheral nerves of the upper extremities, the spinal nerves, and the brachial plexus. The results showed that participants with MADSAM had significantly greater cross-sectional areas (CSAs) and a higher incidence of intraneural ultrasonographic abnormalities compared to participants with MMN. CSA thresholds of the median nerves were identified using ROC analysis to differentiate between MMN and MADSAM. MRI scans of the brachial plexus revealed no abnormalities in 41.4% of the individuals with MMN and 27.3% of the individuals with MADSAM. Meanwhile, STIR hyperintense signal from the brachial plexus was most typical ( 70%) for the MADSAM group. Conclusions. This was the first detailed comparative analysis of neuroimaging findings in a large sample of patients with either MMN or MADSAM in Russia. Ultrasonographic markers for differential diagnosis have been determined. The advantages and limitations of ultrasonography and MRI of the brachial plexus and the spinal and peripheral nerves in diagnosing multifocal chronic dysimmune neuropathies have been demonstrated.

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Kovacs, Mariángeles, Emiliano Trias, Valentina Varela, Sofia Ibarburu, Joseph S. Beckman, Ivan C. Moura, Olivier Hermine, et al. "CD34 Identifies a Subset of Proliferating Microglial Cells Associated with Degenerating Motor Neurons in ALS." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (August 9, 2019): 3880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163880.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons accompanied by proliferation of reactive microglia in affected regions. However, it is unknown whether the hematopoietic marker CD34 can identify a subpopulation of proliferating microglial cells in the ALS degenerating spinal cord. Immunohistochemistry for CD34 and microglia markers was performed in lumbar spinal cords of ALS rats bearing the SOD1G93A mutation and autopsied ALS and control human subjects. Characterization of CD34-positive cells was also performed in primary cell cultures of the rat spinal cords. CD34 was expressed in a large number of cells that closely interacted with degenerating lumbar spinal cord motor neurons in symptomatic SOD1G93A rats, but not in controls. Most CD34+ cells co-expressed the myeloid marker CD11b, while only a subpopulation was stained for Iba1 or CD68. Notably, CD34+ cells actively proliferated and formed clusters adjacent to damaged motor neurons bearing misfolded SOD1. CD34+ cells were identified in the proximity of motor neurons in autopsied spinal cord from sporadic ALS subjects but not in controls. Cell culture of symptomatic SOD1G93A rat spinal cords yielded a large number of CD34+ cells exclusively in the non-adherent phase, which generated microglia after successive passaging. A yet unrecognized CD34+ cells, expressing or not the microglial marker Iba1, proliferate and accumulate adjacent to degenerating spinal motor neurons, representing an intriguing cell target for approaching ALS pathogenesis and therapeutics.

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Tam, Wing Yip, Xia Wang, Andy S. K. Cheng, and Kwok-Kuen Cheung. "In Search of Molecular Markers for Cerebellar Neurons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041850.

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The cerebellum, the region of the brain primarily responsible for motor coordination and balance, also contributes to non-motor functions, such as cognition, speech, and language comprehension. Maldevelopment and dysfunction of the cerebellum lead to cerebellar ataxia and may even be associated with autism, depression, and cognitive deficits. Hence, normal development of the cerebellum and its neuronal circuitry is critical for the cerebellum to function properly. Although nine major types of cerebellar neurons have been identified in the cerebellar cortex to date, the exact functions of each type are not fully understood due to a lack of cell-specific markers in neurons that renders cell-specific labeling and functional study by genetic manipulation unfeasible. The availability of cell-specific markers is thus vital for understanding the role of each neuronal type in the cerebellum and for elucidating the interactions between cell types within both the developing and mature cerebellum. This review discusses various technical approaches and recent progress in the search for cell-specific markers for cerebellar neurons.

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Picillo, Marina, David-Erick LaFontant, Susan Bressman, Chelsea Caspell-Garcia, Christopher Coffey, Hyunkeun Ryan Cho, Elliot L. Burghardt, et al. "Sex-Related Longitudinal Change of Motor, Non-Motor, and Biological Features in Early Parkinson’s Disease." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 12, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-212892.

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Background: Investigation of sex-related motor and non-motor differences and biological markers in Parkinson’s disease (PD) may improve precision medicine approach. Objective: To examine sex-related longitudinal changes in motor and non-motor features and biologic biomarkers in early PD. Methods: We compared 5-year longitudinal changes in de novo, untreated PD men and women (at baseline N = 423; 65.5%male) of the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), assessing motor and non-motor manifestations of disease; and biologic measures in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and dopamine transporter deficit on DaTscanTM uptake. Results: Men experienced greater longitudinal decline in self-reported motor (p < 0.001) and non-motor (p = 0.009) aspects of experiences of daily living, such that men had a yearly increase in MDS-UPDRS part II by a multiplicative factor of 1.27 compared to women at 0.7, while men had a yearly increase in MDS-UPDRS part I by a multiplicative factor of 0.98, compared to women at 0.67. Compared to women, men had more longitudinal progression in clinician-assessed motor features in the ON medication state (p = 0.010) and required higher dopaminergic medication dosages over time (p = 0.014). Time to reach specific disease milestones and longitudinal changes in CSF biomarkers and DaTscanTM uptake were not different by sex. Conclusion: Men showed higher self-assessed motor and non-motor burden of disease, with possible contributions from suboptimal dopaminergic therapeutic response in men. However, motor features of disease evaluated with clinician-based scales in the OFF medication state, as well as biological biomarkers do not show specific sex-related progression patterns.

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Thomsen, Trine Hørmann, Lene Bastrup Jørgensen, Troels Wesenberg Kjær, Anita Haahr, Asmus Vogel, Ida Unmack Larsen, and Kristian Winge. "Clinical Markers of 6 Pre-dominant Coping Behaviors in Living With Parkinson Disease: A Convergent Mixed Methods Study." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 59 (January 2022): 004695802211299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580221129929.

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People with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) experience a variety of symptoms and fluctuations in these, which they have to cope with every day. In tailoring a person-centered treatment to PwP there is a lack of knowledge about the association between pre-dominant coping behaviors and clinical markers among PwP. To describe and compare specific clinical markers between 6 suggested coping behaviors. Thirty-four PwP, who previously had been classified into 6 different pre-dominant coping behaviors, were included in this mixed methods study. Six primary variables were included in the descriptive analysis; motor function (UPDRS-III), non-motor symptoms score (NMS-Quest), change in bradykinesia score, apathy score (LARS), personality traits (NEO-FFI), and cognitive status (evaluated by a neuropsychologist). The merged results of this mixed methods study indicate that clinical markers as apathy, burden of non-motor symptoms, cognitive impairments and personality traits, have the potential to impact the coping behavior in PwP. In a clinical setting the markers; NMS-burden, degree of apathy, cognition, and personality traits may indicate specific coping behavior. Three of the six suggested typologies of coping behaviors differed from the other groups when comparing descriptive data. In order to improve patient care and guide the development of person-centered therapies, each PwP should be approached based on those typologies.

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Nango, Hiroshi, Yasuhiro Kosuge, Masaki Sato, Yoshiyuki Shibukawa, Yuri Aono, Tadashi Saigusa, Yoshihisa Ito, and Kumiko Ishige. "Highly Efficient Conversion of Motor Neuron-Like NSC-34 Cells into Functional Motor Neurons by Prostaglandin E2." Cells 9, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9071741.

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Motor neuron diseases are a group of progressive neurological disorders that degenerate motor neurons. The neuroblastoma × spinal cord hybrid cell line NSC-34 is widely used as an experimental model in studies of motor neuron diseases. However, the differentiation efficiency of NSC-34 cells to neurons is not always sufficient. We have found that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces morphological differentiation in NSC-34 cells. The present study investigated the functional properties of PGE2-differentiated NSC-34 cells. Retinoic acid (RA), a widely-used agent inducing cell differentiation, facilitated neuritogenesis, which peaked on day 7, whereas PGE2-induced neuritogenesis took only 2 days to reach the same level. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that the current threshold of PGE2-treated cell action potentials was lower than that of RA-treated cells. PGE2 and RA increased the protein expression levels of neuronal differentiation markers, microtubule-associated protein 2c and synaptophysin, and to the same extent, motor neuron-specific markers HB9 and Islet-1. On the other hand, protein levels of choline acetyltransferase and basal release of acetylcholine in PGE2-treated cells were higher than in RA-treated cells. These results suggest that PGE2 is a rapid and efficient differentiation-inducing factor for the preparation of functionally mature motor neurons from NSC-34 cells.

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de Natale, Edoardo Rosario, Heather Wilson, and Marios Politis. "Predictors of RBD progression and conversion to synucleinopathies." Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 22, no. 2 (February 2022): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-022-01171-0.

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Abstract Purpose of review Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is considered the expression of the initial neurodegenerative process underlying synucleinopathies and constitutes the most important marker of their prodromal phase. This article reviews recent research from longitudinal research studies in isolated RBD (iRBD) aiming to describe the most promising progression biomarkers of iRBD and to delineate the current knowledge on the level of prediction of future outcome in iRBD patients at diagnosis. Recent findings Longitudinal studies revealed the potential value of a variety of biomarkers, including clinical markers of motor, autonomic, cognitive, and olfactory symptoms, neurophysiological markers such as REM sleep without atonia and electroencephalography, genetic and epigenetic markers, cerebrospinal fluid and serum markers, and neuroimaging markers to track the progression and predict phenoconversion. To-date the most promising neuroimaging biomarker in iRBD to aid the prediction of phenoconversion is striatal presynaptic striatal dopaminergic dysfunction. Summary There is a variety of potential biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and predicting iRBD conversion into synucleinopathies. A combined multimodal biomarker model could offer a more sensitive and specific tool. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to iRBD as a high-risk population for early neuroprotective interventions and disease-modifying therapies.

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Aravena, Pia, Esteban Hurtado, Rodrigo Riveros, Juan Felipe Cardona, and Agustín Ibáñez. "Action-sentence compatibility effect: Neural markers of bidirectional motor-language relation." International Journal of Psychophysiology 77, no. 3 (September 2010): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.06.212.

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Del Percio, Claudio, Francesco Infarinato, Jesper Frank Bastlund, Bettina Clausen, Gianluigi Forloni, Angelisa Frasca, Marina Bentivoglio, et al. "P1-038: EEG markers of motor activity in wild type mice." Alzheimer's & Dementia 9 (July 2013): P165—P166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.258.

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Bruton, Adam M., Paul S. Holmes, Daniel L. Eaves, Zoë C. Franklin, and David J. Wright. "Neurophysiological markers discriminate different forms of motor imagery during action observation." Cortex 124 (March 2020): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2019.10.016.

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García-Marco, Enrique, Yurena Morera, David Beltrán, Manuel de Vega, Eduar Herrera, Lucas Sedeño, Agustín Ibáñez, and Adolfo M. García. "Negation markers inhibit motor routines during typing of manual action verbs." Cognition 182 (January 2019): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.10.020.

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Balanev, Dmitry Yu, and Viktor A. Shamakov. "Diagnostic markers of human motor activity in a digital learning environment." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 485 (2022): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/485/15.

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The article aims to study the dynamics of psychological and psychophysiological indicators of students’ cognitive activity in a digital learning environment. As a research platform, we used the well-known task of speed–accuracy tradeoff, adapted for work in the LMS Moodle using a set of plug-ins that implement both the stimulus situation itself and the ability to monitor the characteristics of the user’s motor activity displayed in the track of the cursor control device (mouse tracking). As part of the study, LMS users performed a cognitive test, included in the digital learning environment and demonstrating the manifestation of Fits’s law in two versions: with instructions for the accuracy and speed of searching for the center of a reference figure that appears on a computer screen. The results were obtained in the form of tracks of the movement of a computer mouse, the main characteristics of the motor activity of the subjects – the time to complete both parts of the test, the distance traveled, the accuracy of hitting targets, and speed and acceleration – were analyzed and evaluated. All participants’ indicators significantly differed depending on the stages of the experiment. These studies were presented in the form of a set of formal statistical generalizations and visualization, reflecting the characteristic features of the subjects’ actions, the distance traveled, speed and acceleration on all segments of the path. As a result of data analysis, 6 groups of users were identified, differing in the degree of severity of indicators in terms of the characteristics of speed, accuracy and amplitude of movement. Of particular interest were such traces of a person’s actions, which, on the one hand, were an expression of his skills or experiences, and, on the other hand, were available not only for subjective, but also for objective analysis. As an example, we can point to the handwriting of a person who became one of the promising objects of study by psychologists of the early twentieth century. The concept of “handwriting” was easily transferred to other ways of transmitting information, for example, to the work of an operator with a key when transmitting messages using the “Morse code” method. Thus, the use of a computer mouse monitoring system in a digital learning environment provides an opportunity to quickly and adaptively provide interaction with the user, taking into account their psychophysiological characteristics and emotional state. The proposed diagnostic system allows us not only to determine the quantitative characteristics of the path traveled and the click map of a computer mouse, but also to classify the user into one or another group, taking into account their psychological characteristics.

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Schonfeld, Ethan, Elan Schonfeld, Casey Aman, Navroop Gill, Dami Kim, Sydney Rabin, Bushraa Shamshuddin, Lloyd Sealey, and Ricardo Gabriel Senno. "Lateralized Deficits in Motor, Sensory, and Olfactory Domains in Dementia." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 79, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201216.

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Background: There exist functional deficits in motor, sensory, and olfactory abilities in dementias. Measures of these deficits have been discussed as potential clinical markers. Objective: We measured the deficit of motor, sensory, and olfactory functions on both the left and right body side, to study potential body lateralizations. Methods: This IRB-approved study (N = 84) performed left/right clinical tests of gross motor (dynamometer test), sensory (Von Frey test), and olfactory (peppermint oil test) ability. The Mini-Mental Status Exam was administered to determine level of dementia; medical and laboratory data were collected. Results: Sensory and olfactory deficits lateralized to the left side of the body, while motor deficits lateralized to the right side. We found clinical correlates of motor lateralization: female, depression, MMSE <15, and diabetes. While clinical correlates of sensory lateralization: use of psychotherapeutic agent, age ≥85, MMSE <15, and male. Lastly, clinical correlates of olfactory lateralization: age <85, number of medications >10, and male. Conclusion: These lateralized deficits in body function can act as early clinical markers for improved diagnosis and treatment. Future research should identify correlates and corresponding therapies to strengthen at-risk areas.

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McFarland, David H. "Respiratory Markers of Conversational Interaction." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 1 (February 2001): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/012).

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Respiratory movements were recorded from 10 dyads (20 subjects) during quiet breathing, reading aloud, spontaneous monologue, scripted dialog, and spontaneous conversation. Timing measures of inspiratory, expiratory, and total cycle duration were used to compare respiratory function during quiet breathing, listening, and speech. Cross-correlation analyses of the respiratory movements of conversational partners provided an index of conversational synchrony. Inspiratory duration was found to be the most consistent and sensitive measure for discriminating quiet breathing from speech breathing. In the scripted dialog and spontaneous conversation conditions, respiratory kinematics changed during listening to more closely resemble speech, and systematic changes were observed in anticipation of turn-taking speech onset. For the breathing cycles immediately surrounding turn changes and simultaneously produced vocal events, the kinematic signals of conversational partners were strongly correlated. Results are discussed in the context of similar findings concerning conversational interactions and motor preparation for speech.

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Edmond, Evan C., Ricarda Menke, Malcolm Proudfoot, Kevin Talbot, Charlotte J. Stagg, and Martin R. Turner. "267 Motor system biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 12 (November 14, 2019): e63.2-e63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn-2.213.

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Therapeutic options for the fatal neurodegenerative disorder ALS are urgently needed. Trials rely on blunt outcome measures such as survival because of a lack of objective markers of disease activity and progression. The C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) is associated with 10% of all cases of ALS, bringing the near-future prospect of oligonucleotide therapeutic trials.The development of biomarkers will reduce trial duration and cost by providing more sensitive measures of disease-slowing and/or evidence of target engagement. ALS is consistently associated with cortical hyperexcitability (CE), based on transcranial magnetic paired stimulation (TMS) to induce short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI). This project builds on the potential shown by non-invasive neuroimaging to provide biomarkers in ALS. We develop functional neuroimaging biomarkers that reflect the phenomenon of CE, including markers of pre-symptomatic pathology.Affected ALS patients carrying the C9orf72 HRE and a group of asymptomatic carriers are studied using a combined functional MRI (FMRI and MRS) and neurophysiological (MEG) readout. This study offers novel non-invasive biomarkers based on a consistent neurophysiological mechanism in ALS to advance therapeutic development

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Pin-Barre, Caroline, Nicolas Hugues, Annabelle Constans, Eric Berton, Christophe Pellegrino, and Jérôme Laurin. "Effects of Different High-Intensity Interval Training Regimens on Endurance and Neuroplasticity After Cerebral Ischemia." Stroke 52, no. 3 (March 2021): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.031873.

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Background and Purpose: The objective is to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with long versus short intervals on endurance and motor performance. Their influence on neuroplasticity markers is assessed in the ipsilesional and contralesional cortex and hippocampus since their remodeling could improve functional recovery. Methods: Rats performed work-matched HIIT4 (long intervals: 4 minutes) or HIIT1 (short intervals: 1 minute) on treadmill for 2 weeks following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Forelimb grip strength evaluated motor function while incremental exercise tests measured the endurance performance. Key neuroplasticity markers were assessed by Western blot. Results: Both regimens were effective in enhancing both the speed associated with the lactate threshold and maximal speed at D8 and D15. Neuroplasticity markers were upregulated in the contralesional hemisphere after training contrary to the ipsilesional side. Grip strength completely recovered but is faster with HIIT4. Conclusions: HIIT with short and long intervals induced early aerobic fitness and grip strength improvements. Our findings revealed that neuroplasticity markers were upregulated in the contralesional cortex and hippocampus to promote functional recovery.

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Rajan, Thangavelu Soundara, Francesca Diomede, Placido Bramanti, Oriana Trubiani, and Emanuela Mazzon. "Conditioned medium from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells protects motor-neuron-like NSC-34 cells against scratch-injury-induced cell death." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 30, no. 4 (November 15, 2017): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0394632017740976.

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Neuronal cell death is a normal process during central nervous system (CNS) development and is also involved in the death of motor neurons in diverse spinal motor neuron degenerative diseases. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of secretory factors released from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) in mechanically injured murine motor-neuron-like NSC-34 cells. The cells were exposed to scratch injury and the markers for apoptosis and oxidative stress were examined. Immunocytochemistry results showed that proapoptotic markers cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were elevated while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was suppressed in scratch-injured NSC-34 cells. Oxidative stress markers SOD-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cox-2, and proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were activated. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from hGMSCs (hGMSC-CM) significantly blocked the cell death by suppressing SOD-1, iNOS, TNF-α, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax. Bcl-2 and anti-inflammatory cytokine anti-interleukin 10 (IL-10) were increased in hGMSC-CM-treated injured cells. Moreover, hGMSC-CM treatment upregulated neurotrophins anti-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT3. Western blot data of hGMSC-CM revealed the presence of neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), NT3, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), suggesting their positive role to elicit neuroprotection. Our results propose that hGMSC-CM may serve as a simple and potential autologous therapeutic tool to treat motor neuron injury.

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Wade, Michael G., and Jinhua Guan. "Anthropomorphizing the CNS: Is it what or who you know?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 1996): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00041741.

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AbstractThe target article pays insufficient attention to (1) the difficulties that arise when the term “normal” is used to describe motor skill behavior, and (2) the need to resist ascribing motor control to an intelligent central nervous system. A complex systems perspective is proposed with attractor states and periodicity identified as markers of atypical coordination and control.

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Pinto, Vanessa Carla Monteiro, Petrus Gantois Massa Dias dos Santos, Rafaela Catherine Da Silva Cunha de Medeiros, Francisco Emílio Simplício Souza, Thaisys Blanc dos Santos Simões, Renata Poliane Nacer de Carvalho Dantas, and Breno Guilherme De Araújo Tinôco Cabral. "Maturational stages: comparison of growth and physical capacity indicators in adolescents." Journal of Human Growth and Development 28, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127411.

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Introduction: The identification of physical capacity is an important marker related to healthy behavior during childhood and adolescence, in which some factors appear to contribute to motor performance such as maturation and hormonal levels. Objective: To compare growth indicators, physical capacity and hormonal markers according to gender and maturational stage in adolescents. Methods: Eighty-nine adolescents of both genders aged 10-13 years participated in the study. Sexual maturation was evaluated using the Tanner’s self-evaluation method. Physical capacity (explosive strength of upper and lower limbs, upper limb velocity and agility) and hormonal markers (testosterone and estradiol) were evaluated through the chemiluminescence method. Results: In the comparison by gender, girls had higher weight (p = 0.023), height (p = 0.018) and fat percentage values (p = 0.001), while boys presented better motor performance for the explosive strength of upper limbs (p = 0.005) and lower limbs (p = 0.011), agility (0.018) and upper limb velocity (p = 0.014). Regarding maturational stage, boys did not present differences in any variable analyzed; (Stage V versus I), height (stage III, IV and V versus I) and upper limb explosive strength (stage III and IV versus I). Conclusion: Growth, weight and height, as well as explosive strength of upper limbs were higher in girls at more advanced maturational stages and appear to be gender dependent.

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Vidal, Pierre-Paul, and Francesco Lacquaniti. "Perceptual-motor styles." Experimental Brain Research 239, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 1359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06049-0.

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AbstractEven for a stereotyped task, sensorimotor behavior is generally variable due to noise, redundancy, adaptability, learning or plasticity. The sources and significance of different kinds of behavioral variability have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, the idea that part of this variability depends on unique individual strategies has been explored to a lesser extent. In particular, the notion of style recurs infrequently in the literature on sensorimotor behavior. In general use, style refers to a distinctive manner or custom of behaving oneself or of doing something, especially one that is typical of a person, group of people, place, context, or period. The application of the term to the domain of perceptual and motor phenomenology opens new perspectives on the nature of behavioral variability, perspectives that are complementary to those typically considered in the studies of sensorimotor variability. In particular, the concept of style may help toward the development of personalised physiology and medicine by providing markers of individual behaviour and response to different stimuli or treatments. Here, we cover some potential applications of the concept of perceptual-motor style to different areas of neuroscience, both in the healthy and the diseased. We prefer to be as general as possible in the types of applications we consider, even at the expense of running the risk of encompassing loosely related studies, given the relative novelty of the introduction of the term perceptual-motor style in neurosciences.

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Maslova, Natalia A., Natalia G. Zvonkova, Tatiana E. Borovik, Andrey P. Fisenko, Tatiana V. Bushueva, Lyudmila M. Kuzenkova, Vladislav V. Chernikov, et al. "Changes in bone metabolism during cerebral palsy." Russian Pediatric Journal 25, no. 2 (May 7, 2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2022-25-2-76-83.

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Introduction. Patients with cerebral palsy (CP) are especially vulnerable to the development of osteopenia. Skeletal deformities caused by immobility (prolonged bed rest, limited exercise, immobilization), antiepileptic drugs, hormonal and genetic factors can lead to significant bone loss. Diagnosis of osteoporosis includes densitometry and the study of biochemical markers to assess the state of bone mineralization at the time of the examination. However, densitometry in patients with cerebral palsy may present certain difficulties. Purpose is to determine changes in the content of bone tissue metabolism markers in CP patients depending on the severity of movement disorders. Materials and methods. We examined 32 CP patients aged 2 to 15 years for 3 months who were in rehabilitation in 2019-2021. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 18 children in the main group with motor dysfunctions of level IV-V and 14 children in the comparisons group - with disorders of I-III levels. All children underwent an analysis of anthropometric parameters using the program “WHO AnthroPlus (2009)”, determination of the blood levels of biochemical markers of bone tissue metabolism: calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, bone resorption marker β-CrossLaps. Results. The indices of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus in the majority of CP patients (88%) were within the reference values. The average concentrations of these compounds did not differ significantly in CP patients in the main group and the comparison group, including between children who received and did not receive antiepileptic drugs. There were no significant differences in 25(OH)D concentrations in patients of these groups. CP patients from the main group were found to be supplemented with vitamin D less frequently than children from the comparison group. Indicators of bone tissue resorption (β-CrossLaps) in patients with cerebral palsy increased significantly more than in patients of the comparison group, which indicates a pronounced loss of bone mass in severe impairment of motor functions. More than half of CP patients have high values of the bone resorption marker β-CrossLaps, which, together with an increase in the level of osteocalcin, indicates active osteoreparation, which is higher in children with severe motor disorders. At the same time, a close correlation (r = 0.596; p < 0.05) between the levels of osteocalcin and β-CrossLaps in patients may indicate activation of bone tissue repair in response to pronounced resorption. However, it should be noted that the determination of biomarkers of bone tissue metabolism in children with cerebral palsy is not indicative in the detection of osteopenia and osteoporosis due to the characteristics of these patients: reduced motor activity, growth retardation and psychophysical development.

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Dobrescu, Tatiana. "Influences of Fitness-Type Activities in a Sample of Middle-Age People." GYMNASIUM XX, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/gsjesh.2019.20.2.07.

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The purpose of this research was to identify the role played by aerobic gymnastics means in stimulating the psycho-motor skills markers in middle age people. The research hypothesis was elaborated, stating that presumably, the application of fitness-type aerobic gymnastics programs, rationalized and selected for middle age people, can stimulate their psycho-motor and functional markers, influencing their life expectancy. In order to verify the hypothesis, an experiment was conducted at the Know Limits Studio fitness club in Bacau, on a target group of 8 female middle age subjects (60-65 years old) who practiced aerobics at this gym. The research methods used for this paper were: the study of the bibliographical material, the observation, the experiment, the tests, the statistical-mathematical method and the graphical representation method. Practicing aerobic gymnastics based on a certain rigorously elaborated schedule, which included "cardio", and aerobic steps, lead to the development of motor skills to superior levels.

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Panda, Samhita, and Monalisa Vegda. "Progressive motor quadriparesis with wasting: a diagnostic conundrum." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 8 (August 2022): e248868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-248868.

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The case of a man in his early 30s, presenting with slowly progressive, asymmetrical onset, pure motor quadriparesis over 9 months with bulbar involvement, absence of upper motor neuron features and significant weight loss, is reported. In view of presentation with diffuse lower motor neuron involvement of short duration, the diagnostic possibilities are discussed. Apart from motor neuron disease, its mimics including muscle and neuromuscular junction disorders were also considered and evaluated for. Carefully assessed clinical and electrophysiological markers which finally clinched the diagnosis of the rare disorder Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome are elaborated. In the present context, recognition of the oddities on clinical and laboratory evaluation is of paramount importance to rule in causes of pure motor quadriparesis.

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Caruso, Angela, Letizia Gila, Francesca Fulceri, Tommaso Salvitti, Martina Micai, Walter Baccinelli, Maria Bulgheroni, and Maria Luisa Scattoni. "Early Motor Development Predicts Clinical Outcomes of Siblings at High-Risk for Autism: Insight from an Innovative Motion-Tracking Technology." Brain Sciences 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060379.

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Atypical motor patterns are potential early markers and predictors of later diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study aimed to investigate the early motor trajectories of infants at high-risk (HR) of ASD through MOVIDEA, a semi-automatic software developed to analyze 2D and 3D videos and provide objective kinematic features of their movements. MOVIDEA was developed within the Italian Network for early detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (NIDA Network), which is currently coordinating the most extensive surveillance program for infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). MOVIDEA was applied to video recordings of 53 low-risk (LR; siblings of typically developing children) and 50 HR infants’ spontaneous movements collected at 10 days and 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks. Participants were grouped based on their clinical outcome (18 HR received an NDD diagnosis, 32 HR and 53 LR were typically developing). Results revealed that early developmental trajectories of specific motor parameters were different in HR infants later diagnosed with NDDs from those of infants developing typically. Since MOVIDEA was useful in the association of quantitative measures with specific early motor patterns, it should be applied to the early detection of ASD/NDD markers.

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Tonetti, Lorenzo, Federico Camilli, Sara Giovagnoli, Vincenzo Natale, and Alessandra Lugaresi. "A Pilot Study of 24-h Motor Activity Patterns in Multiple Sclerosis: Pre-Planned Follow-Up at 2 Years." Clocks & Sleep 3, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep3030023.

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Early multiple sclerosis (MS) predictive markers of disease activity/prognosis have been proposed but are not universally accepted. Aim of this pilot prospective study is to verify whether a peculiar hyperactivity, observed at baseline (T0) in early relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients, could represent a further prognostic marker. Here we report results collected at T0 and at a 24-month follow-up (T1). Eighteen RRMS patients (11 females, median Expanded Disability Status Scale-EDSS score 1.25, range EDSS score 0–2) were monitored at T0 (mean age 32.33 ± 7.51) and T1 (median EDSS score 1.5, range EDSS score 0–2.5). Patients were grouped into two groups: responders (R, 14 patients) and non-responders (NR, 4 patients) to treatment at T1. Each patient wore an actigraph for one week to record the 24-h motor activity pattern. At T0, NR presented significantly lower motor activity than R between around 9:00 and 13:00. At T1, NR were characterized by significantly lower motor activity than R between around 12:00 and 17:00. Overall, these data suggest that through the 24-h motor activity pattern, we can fairly segregate at T0 patients who will show a therapeutic failure, possibly related to a more active disease, at T1. These patients are characterized by a reduced morning level of motor activation. Further studies on larger populations are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

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Imarengiaye, Charles O., Dajun Song, Atul J. Prabhu, and Frances Chung. "Spinal Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 98, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200302000-00033.

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Background The ability of patients to walk without assistance after spinal anesthesia is a determining factor in the time to discharge following ambulatory surgery. The authors compared clinical markers of gross motor recovery with objective data of functional balance after spinal anesthesia. Methods Twenty-two male patients with American Society of Anesthesiology physical status I or II who were scheduled for perineal surgery were studied during recovery from spinal anesthesia to compare the predictive accuracy of clinical markers of ambulatory readiness (e.g., full knee flexion and extension) with that of an objective method of measurement focused on functional balance. Lumbar puncture was performed at the L2-L3 or L3-L4 interspace using a 25-gauge Whitacre needle, with patients in the sitting position. A 3-ml mixture of 5 mg bupivacaine (heavy) and 10 microg fentanyl was injected. Block regression and restoration of motor function were assessed and recorded. Functional balance was measured using a computerized force platform method. Results The majority of patients maintained motor function and proprioception sensation at the onset of surgical anesthesia, as indicated by performance on clinical tests of function: 96% were able to perform the straight leg increase; 82, 77, and 91%, respectively, were able to perform full knee flexion and extension, perform heel-to-shin maneuvers, and identify joint position in the supine position. Postoperatively, clinical return of motor function occurred much earlier than recovery of functional balance. At 60 min after onset of spinal anesthesia, 22 patients (100%) had recovered sensory and gross motor function, but only 36% could stand, and 8% could walk without assistance (P < 0.01). At 150-180 min after onset, 96-100% of patients achieved the levels of functional balance that permitted adequate ambulation. Conclusions The results suggest that the recovery time to unassisted ambulation is longer than has been assumed, and that the standard clinical markers of gross motor function are poor predictors of functional balance following ambulatory surgery.

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Sharova, E. V., G. N. Boldyreva, L. A. Zhavoronkova, M. Y. Yarets, M. Y. Kaverina, E. M. Troshina, and O. A. Krotkova. "SEARCH FOR EEG-MARKERS OF THE VOLUNTARY COMPONENT OF HUMAN MOTOR ACTIVITY." Современные проблемы науки и образования (Modern Problems of Science and Education), no. 3 2020 (2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/spno.29818.

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Mitsumoto, H., A. M. Ulug, S. L. Pullman, C. L. Gooch, S. Chan, M. X. Tang, X. Mao, et al. "Quantitative objective markers for upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction in ALS." Neurology 68, no. 17 (April 23, 2007): 1402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000260065.57832.87.

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Deletis, V., and I. Fernandez-Conejero. "S93: A new insight to neurophysiologic markers of cortical motor speech areas." Clinical Neurophysiology 125 (June 2014): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50092-2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Motor markers'

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