Relevant bibliographies by topics / Motor configurations

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Motor configurations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Motor configurations"

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Korkosz, Mariusz, Jan Prokop, Bartlomiej Pakla, Grzegorz Podskarbi, and Piotr Bogusz. "Analysis of Open-Circuit Fault in Fault-Tolerant BLDC Motors with Different Winding Configurations." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 5321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205321.

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In this study, tests were carried out on a brushless permanent magnet DC motor with different winding configurations. Three configurations were compared: star, delta and combined star–delta. A mathematical model was constructed for the motor, taking into account the different winding configurations. An analysis of the operation of the motor in the different configurations was performed, based on numerical calculations. The use of different winding configurations affects the properties of the motor. This is significant in the case of the occurrence of various fault states. Based on numerical calculations, an analysis of an open-circuit fault in one of the phases of the motor was performed. Fast Fourier Transform—FFT analysis of the artificial neutral-point voltage was used for the detection of fault states. The results were verified by tests carried out under laboratory conditions. It was shown that the winding configuration has an impact on the behaviour of the motor in the case of an open circuit in one of the phases. The classical star configuration is the worst of the possible arrangements. The most favourable in this respect is the delta configuration. In the case of the combined star–delta configuration, the consequences of the fault depend on the location of the open circuit.
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Hwang, Chang Chou, Hsing Cheng Chang, Ming Te Ho, and Cheng Tsung Liu. "Design Comparison of Fractional-Slot IPM Machine Types for an Electric Power Steering Application." Materials Science Forum 670 (December 2010): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.670.243.

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This paper deals with the design comparison of interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors with fractional-slot winding configurations for an electric power steering (EPS) application. By making comparisons of these configurations based on cogging torque, torque ripple, average torque, and efficiency, an IPM rotor configuration has been chosen for use as a prototype motor. The Taguchi parameter method coupled with the finite element analysis (FEA) is employed to achieve the desired performance requirements within a reasonable geometry. To assess the rated current and thermal behavior of the motor, the lumped circuit models are conducted.
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Pathak, Aditya, Ganesh Sethuraman, Sebastian Krapf, Aybike Ongel, and Markus Lienkamp. "Exploration of Optimal Powertrain Design Using Realistic Load Profiles." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10030056.

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The electrification of bus-based public transportation contributes to the goal of reducing the adverse environmental impacts caused by urban transportation. However, the penetration of electric vehicles has been slow due to their lower vehicle range and total costs in comparison to vehicles driven by internal combustion engines. By improving the powertrain efficiency, the total costs can be reduced for the same vehicle range. Therefore, this paper proposes a holistic design exploration approach to investigate and identify the optimal powertrain concept for electric city buses based on the component costs and energy consumption costs. The load profiles of speed, slope, and passenger occupancy profiles are derived for a selected bus route in Singapore, which is used in a powertrain design exploration for a 30-passenger vehicle. Six different powertrain architectures are analyzed, together with single and multi-speed gearbox configurations, to identify the optimal powertrain architecture and the resulting component sizes. The powertrain configurations are further analyzed in terms of their influence on the vehicle characteristics and total costs. Multi-motor configurations were found to have better vehicle characteristics and lower total costs in comparison to single rear motor configurations. Concepts with motors on the front and a rear axle could shift the load points to a higher efficiency region, resulting in lower energy consumption and energy costs. The optimal powertrain concept was a fixed-speed two-motor configuration, with a booster motor on the front axle and a motor on the rear axle.
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Tuononen, Ari J., and Antti Lajunen. "Modal analysis of different drivetrain configurations in electric vehicles." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316635857.

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This paper presents a modal analysis of different drivetrain configurations in electric vehicles; 1) an in – wheel motor, 2) direct drive, and 3) an electric motor with a reduction gear and a differential gear. A specific simulation model was developed to analyze the vibrations while taking into account the traction motor, possible mechanical reduction gears, and the driveshaft, as well as a Rigid Ring Model (RRM) to describe the tire. On the basis of the simulation results, the frequency responses were calculated for each drivetrain configuration and also for a non-drive, free-rolling tire. The analyzed results show interesting differences between the different drivetrain configurations. However, most of the negative aspects can be compensated for if identified in the early design phase. For instance, the frequency response of the in-wheel motor configuration indicated that the vibrations that occur might cause negative effects in terms of driving comfort and wheel speed signal noise. The direct drive configuration has an additional mode at 24 Hz, and the differential configuration at 4 Hz. It is possible that these modes would resonate strongly if some drivetrain design parameters were poorly defined.
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Hoang, Ngoc-Tan, and Hong-Sen Yan. "On the Design of In-Wheel-Hub Motor Transmission Systems with Six-Link Mechanisms for Electric Vehicles." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 2920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112920.

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Nowadays, there are several electric vehicles (EV) on the market, due to the innovation of technology that promotes new components such as batteries, transmissions, and electric motors. This study proposes the design procedure for the configuration synthesis and simulation of in-wheel-hub motor transmissions with six-link mechanisms. The synthesis process shows six mechanisms with six members and eight joints, 15 new clutchless motor transmissions, and 16 new clutched motor transmissions. A novel motor transmission with the possibility of synthesized configurations is chosen as a case to analyze the working rules connected with the power flow modes and operation modes. Moreover, this design is modeled for the simulation process that generates the results of the operation mode transition and energy regulation.
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Boynov, K., J. J. H. Paulides, and E. A. Lomonova. "Comparative analysis of the SRM as an alternative to the PM motor for automotive applications." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 1599–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2013-0296.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present comparative analysis of several configurations of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) for an in-wheel drive for a heavy-duty automotive series hybrid system. The SRM motor is regarded as one of the primary candidates for possible replacement of the permanent magnet (PM) motor. Design/methodology/approach – Three SRMs of 10/8, 12/10 and 12/8 configurations have been analysed, where the last two motors had the stator lamination profile taken from the existing PM motor. The analysis is performed using magnetostatic FEM and transient modelling techniques. Findings – The maximum developed electromagnetic torque of the two analysed motors of 12/10 and 12/8 SRM configurations with the stator lamination profile taken from the existing PM motor is limited due to saturation of the stator yoke. Both motor configurations are capable to provide the specified power within the same outer dimensions due to extended speed in the field-weakening region and position independent starting torque. A redesigned stator results in substantial increase in torque developed by the machine and, consequently, ability to provide similar torque-speed performance as the existing PM motor, at cost of increased copper loss at the low-speed regime. Originality/value – The paper proposes several structures of SRMs for the in-wheel drive for a heavy-duty automotive series hybrid system converted from the present expensive PM machine, having the same power density. The “bottleneck” of the direct conversion of the PM machine into the SRM is highlighted.
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Malfait, Nicole, Douglas M. Shiller, and David J. Ostry. "Transfer of Motor Learning across Arm Configurations." Journal of Neuroscience 22, no. 22 (November 15, 2002): 9656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.22-22-09656.2002.

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Chen, Yan-song, I.-Ming Chen, and Tyng Liu. "A design approach for multi-configuration hybrid transmission mechanisms." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 2744–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020924981.

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Several hybrid architectures have been widely used in hybrid electric vehicles. For example, power-split architecture brings seamless operation, while parallel architecture makes the internal combustion engine directly drive the wheel. To combine the advantages of various architectures, this study aims to develop a design approach to create a transmission mechanism that has multiple configurations and uses these configurations to achieve several hybrid architectures. First, this study standardized hybrid transmission mechanisms using the Function Power Graph; this powerful and intuitive tool inspired several elements and an element layout for the new mechanisms. Then, several configurations with up to five elements were enumerated and organized into the databases. Next, the mechanisms with multiple configurations and a limited number of clutching units (clutches or brakes) were evaluated, 10 of which were identified as the best group that provided five parallel configurations, two 2-motor electric vehicle configurations, and a power-split configuration. At the end of this paper, a novel hybrid transmission mechanism was developed as a demonstration. It provides higher power and torque at the output but there is no need to use the larger internal combustion engine or motor-generators. This mechanism also enables the internal combustion engine to drive in overdrive parallel architectures to avoid the loss in energy conversion when the power-split architecture is not required. As a result, after a designer specifies the desired hybrid configurations, follows the procedure, and uses the configuration databases built in this study, a novel hybrid transmission mechanism will be created.
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Shen, Jianxin, Kang Wang, Dan Shi, Canfei Wang, and Mengjia Jin. "Optimal design of low-cost IPM AC motor." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 1587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2013-0292.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the optimal design of a low-cost interior permanent magnet (IPM) alternating current (AC) motor. It examines the influence of the permanent magnet (PM) materials, and proposes a simple and practical method of optimizing the air-gap field to achieve sinusoidal back electromotive force (EMF), and to reduce the cogging torque. Design/methodology/approach – IPM AC motors with different magnet materials and various topologies are comparatively studied. Finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the performances of these designs. Material costs and manufacture costs are both taken into account. Finally, an optimized design is prototyped and tested, validating the design considerations. Findings – In an IPM AC motor, even if the rotor outer profile is round, the air-gap field distribution can be fined, while the cogging torque can be significantly reduced, by properly shaping the stator tooth tips. Nevertheless, this technique is usually applicable to motor configurations with concentrated windings, but not to those with distributed windings. Originality/value – While using ferrite magnets for PM AC motors with a kW power, interior magnets are usually inserted in V-shaped slots, and the rotor outer profile is often shaped in order to enhance the air-gap field distribution. However, such a rotor configuration usually increases the manufacture costs, and also deteriorates the consistency of mass production. Therefore, a new motor configuration with a round rotor outer profile and shaped stator tooth tips is proposed. It can not only overcome the aforementioned problems, but also improve the motor performance.
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de Freitas, Roberto M., Atsushi Sasaki, Dimitry G. Sayenko, Yohei Masugi, Taishin Nomura, Kimitaka Nakazawa, and Matija Milosevic. "Selectivity and excitability of upper-limb muscle activation during cervical transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 131, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 746–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00132.2021.

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We examined selectivity and excitability of motor activation in multiple upper-limb muscles during cervical transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation with different cathode and anode configurations. Hand muscles were more activated when the cathode was configured over the T1 vertebra compared with C6 and C7 locations. Higher stimulation intensities were required to activate distal hand muscles than proximal arm muscles. Finally, configuration of anode over anterior neck elicited larger responses compared with other configurations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Motor configurations"

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Ferguson, Kevin M. "Towards a better understanding of the flight mechanics of compound helicopter configurations." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6859/.

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The compound helicopter is a high speed design concept that is once again being explored due to the emerging requirements for rotorcraft to obtain speeds that significantly surpass the conventional helicopter. The speed of the conventional helicopter is limited by retreating blade stall, however the introduction of compounding delays the onset of this aerodynamic limitation until greater flight speeds. There are two common types of compounding known as lift and thrust compounding. Lift compounding, provided by the addition of a wing offloads the main rotor of its lifting responsibilities in high speed flight. Thrust compounding, provided by the addition of a propulsive source such as a propeller, provides additional axial force divorcing the main rotor of its propulsive duties at high speeds. The addition of compounding to the helicopter design can therefore increase the maximum speed of the aircraft. This increase in speed, provided that efficient hover capability is maintained, would make the compound helicopter suitable for various roles and missions in both military and civil markets. The compound helicopter is not a novel idea with many compound helicopter configurations flight tested in the 1960's. Due to these test programmes, as well as other studies, there is some material relating to the compound helicopter in the literature. However, the majority of the compound helicopter work describes flight tests of experimental aircraft or focuses on the design of the aircraft configuration. There are no systematic studies of the flight dynamics of compound helicopters which have been published. This Thesis targets this gap in the literature. Consequently, the aim of this Thesis is to investigate the effects of compounding on the conventional helicopter and how this addition to the helicopter design influences the flight mechanics of this aircraft class. With the renewed interest in the compound helicopter design this work is both original and timely. To investigate the flight dynamics of this aircraft class, two mathematical models of compound helicopter configurations are developed and compared with a conventional helicopter. The first compound helicopter configuration features a coaxial rotor with a pusher propeller providing additional axial thrust, and is referred to as the coaxial compound helicopter. The second configuration, known as the hybrid compound helicopter, features two wings each with a tip mounted propeller providing thrust compounding. The conventional helicopter features a standard helicopter design with a main rotor providing the propulsive and lifting forces, whereas a tail rotor, mounted at the rear of the aircraft, provides the yaw control. Other authors have focused on design considerations and have quantified all of the benefits of compounding but to date, a comprehensive study of the effect of compounding on the flight dynamics of a helicopter has not been published. The strategy of the work is to take the three aircraft configurations, the two compound helicopter configurations and the conventional helicopter, and determine their flight mechanics characteristics. Subsequently, the compound helicopter results can be compared with the baseline configuration, thereby isolating the effects of compounding. The flight mechanics characteristics that are determined in this Thesis include: trim, performance, stability and manoeuvrability attributes of the three helicopter configurations. These attributes are assessed by calculating the control angles which result in a steady flight condition and by the use of numerical linearisation and inverse simulation algorithms. All of these flight mechanics characteristics were assessed with the results, in some aspects, reinforcing the potential of the compound helicopter as well as highlighting some possible difficulties that will have to be addressed in the design of a compound helicopter.
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He, Tian. "Effects of rotor configurations on the characteristic torque of a variable-reluctance spherical motor." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16642.

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Lindquist, Mats. "Fatal car crash configurations and injury panorama : with special emphasis on the function of restraint system." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-976.

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Thein, Kévin Jean Lucien. "Evaluation of combustion concepts and scavenging configurations in a 2-Stroke compression-ignition engine for future automotive powerplants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/164044.

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[ES] El trabajo de investigación presentado en esta tesis es el resultado de varios años dedicados al desarrollo, la implementación y la optimización de dos tecnologías combinadas: un concepto de combustión innovador y una arquitectura de motor de nuevo diseño. Esta investigacion se ha realizado en el marco de una colaboración con Renault SA, como continuación de las actividades realizadas en el proyecto europeo POWERFUL (POWERtrain for FUture Light-duty vehicles) por un lado,y en el marco del proyecto europeo REWARD (Real World Advanced technologies foR Diesel engines), devenido como continuación del proyecto POWERFUL en el marco del programa de investigación Horizonte 2020, por otro lado. Los principales objetivos de estos estudios eran evaluar el potencial del concepto de combustión parcialmente premezclada (PPC) operando con gasolina como combustible en un innovador motor de 2 tiempos de válvulas en culata, y luego diseñar una nueva geometría de motor de 2 tiempos utilizando la arquitectura Uniflujo para superar los principales problemas y limitaciones observados durante la primera etapa, que se pueden resumir principalmente en el rendimiento de barrido (especialmente trabajando en cargas elevadas). La metodología diseñada para este trabajo de investigación sigue un enfoque teórico-experimental. La evaluación del concepto de combustión PPC operando con gasolina se llevó a cabo principalmente con un enfoque experimental con el apoyo del análisis en línea directamente en el banco de ensayo, seguido de un exhaustivo tratamiento posterior de los datos y de un análisis detallado del proceso de combustión utilizando herramientas de diagnóstico. Por el contrario, el desarrollo del nuevo motor Uniflujo de 2 tiempos consistió principalmente en iteraciones sobre modelado 3D-CFD, si bien las actividades experimentales fueron fundamentales para validar las diferentes soluciones propuestas y evaluar su sensibilidad ante diferentes parámetros de interés utilizando una metodología de Diseño de Experimentos (DoE). La primera parte del trabajo se ha dedicado a la comprensión de los procesos termodinámicos involucrados en la combustión operando con el concepto PPC en un motor de 2 tiempos de válvulas en culata utilizando gasolina como combustible, y a evaluar su potencial en términos de emisiones contaminantes, consumo de combustible y ruido. Por último, se ha realizado un trabajo de exploración para ampliar en la medida de lo posible el rango de funcionamiento de este concepto de combustión en esta configuración específica del motor, investigando especialmente el rendimiento en cargas bajas en todo el rango de regímenes de giro del motor, y estableciendo también las principales limitaciones para la operación en cargas altas. La segunda parte de la tesis se ha centrado en el desarrollo y optimización teórica de un motor Uniflujo de 2 tiempos de nuevo diseño, incluyendo su fabricación y validación experimental. El objetivo principal era optimizar, utilizando principalmente simulaciones 3D-CFD, el rendimiento de barrido de esta arquitectura de 2 tiempos mediante el diseño de nuevas geometrías de puertos de admisión, permitiendo un gran control sobre el flujo de aire hacia y a través del cilindro para barrer al máximo los gases quemados y minimizar el cortocircuito de aire fresco hacia el escape. Las soluciones óptimas se evaluaron experimentalmente siguiendo la metodología DoE, antes de comparar finalmente los resultados de rendimiento de barrido con la anterior arquitectura de motor de 2 tiempos con válvulas en culata.
[CA] El treball de recerca presentat en aquesta tesi és el resultat de diversos anys dedicats al desenvolupament, la implementació i l'optimització de dues tecnologies combinades: un concepte de combustió innovador i una arquitectura de motor de nou disseny. Aquesta recerca s'ha realitzat en el marc d'una col·laboració amb Renault SA, com a continuació de les activitats del projecte europeu *POWERFUL (*POWERtrain *for *FUture Light-*duty *vehicles) d'una banda, i en el marc del projecte europeu *REWARD (Real *World *Advanced *technologies *foR Dièsel *engines), es devingut com a continuació del projecte *POWERFUL en el marc del programa d'investigació Horitzó 2020, d'altra banda. Els principals objectius d'aquests estudis eren avaluar el potencial del concepte de combustió parcialment premesclada (PPC) operant amb gasolina com a combustible en un innovador motor de 2 temps de vàlvules en culata, i després dissenyar una nova geometria de motor de 2 temps utilitzant l'arquitectura Uniflux per a superar els principals problemes i limitacions observats durant la primera etapa, que es poden resumir principalment en el rendiment d'escombratge (especialment treballant en càrregues elevades). La metodologia dissenyada per a realitzar aquests treballs de recerca segueix un enfocament tant experimental com teòric. L'avaluació del concepte de combustió PPC operant amb gasolina es va dur a terme principalment amb un enfocament experimental, però sempre amb el suport de l'anàlisi en línia directament en el banc d'assaig, seguit d'un exhaustiu tractament posterior de les dades combinat amb una anàlisi detallada del procés de combustió utilitzant eines de diagnòstic. Per contra, el desenvolupament i el disseny del nou motor Uniflux de 2 temps va consistir principalment en iteracions sobre modelatge 3D-CFD, si bé les activitats experimentals van ser fonamentals per a validar les diferents solucions proposades i avaluar la seua sensibilitat davant una sèrie de paràmetres d'interés utilitzant una metodologia de Disseny d'Experiments (DoE). La primera part del treball s'ha dedicat a la comprensió dels processos termodinàmics involucrats en la combustió operant amb el concepte de combustió PPC en un motor de 2 temps de vàlvules en culata utilitzant gasolina com a combustible, i a avaluar el seu potencial en termes d'emissions contaminants, consum de combustible i també de soroll. Finalment, s'ha fet un treball d'exploració per a ampliar en la mesura que siga possible el rang de funcionament d'aquest concepte de combustió utilitzant eixa configuració específica del motor, investigant especialment el rendiment en càrregues baixes en tot el rang de règims de gir del motor, i establint també les principals limitacions per a l'operació en càrregues altes. La segona part de la tesi s'ha centrat en el desenvolupament i optimització teòrica d'un motor Uniflux de 2 temps de nou disseny, incloent la seua fabricació i validació experimental. L'objectiu principal era optimitzar, utilitzant principalment simulacions 3D-CFD, el rendiment d'escombratge d'aquesta arquitectura de 2 temps mitjançant el disseny de noves geometries de ports d'admissió, permetent un gran control sobre el flux d'aire cap a i a través del cilindre per a escombrar al màxim els gasos cremats i minimitzar el curtcircuit d'aire fresc cap a l'escapament. Les solucions òptimes es van fabricar i van avaluar experimentalment seguint la metodologia DoE, abans de comparar finalment els resultats de rendiment d'escombratge amb l'anterior arquitectura de motor de 2 temps amb vàlvules en culata.
[EN] The research work presented in this thesis is the result of several years dedicated to the development, implementation and optimization of two combined technologies: an innovative combustion concept and a newly designed engine architecture. These investigations have been performed in the framework of a research collaboration with Renault SA following up the activities performed along the European POWERFUL project (POWERtrain for FUture Light-duty vehicles) on the one hand, and in the framework of the European REWARD project (REal World Advanced technologies foR Diesel engines), brought as a continuation of the POWERFUL project in the frame of the Horizon 2020 research program, on the other hand. The main objectives of these studies were to evaluate the potential of the Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) concept operating with gasoline fuel in an innovative 2-Stroke poppet-valve engine, and then to design a new 2-Stroke engine geometry using the Uniflow architecture to overcome the main problems and limitations observed during the first stage, which can be mainly summarized to the scavenging performance (especially at high loads). The methodology designed for performing these investigation is based on both experimental and theoretical approaches. The evaluation of the gasoline PPC concept was carried out mainly experimentally, but always supported by online analysis directly on the test-bench and followed by a thorough post-processing of the data combined with a detailed analysis of the combustion using combustion diagnostic tools. On the contrary, the development and design of the new 2-Stroke Uniflow engine consisted mainly of 3D-CFD iterations, but experimental testing was crucial to validate the different solutions proposed and evaluate their sensitivity to a set of parameters of interest using a Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology. The first part of the work has been dedicated to the understanding of the thermodynamical processes involved in the combustion in a poppet-valve 2-Stroke engine operating with the gasoline PPC concept, and to evaluate its potential in terms of pollutant emissions, fuel consumption and also noise. Finally, a wide exploration has been performed to extend as much as possible the operating range of this combustion concept using that specific engine configuration, especially investigating the low loads performance throughout the full range of engine speeds, and also laying out the main limitations for high-to-full load operations. The second part of the thesis has been focused on the development and theoretical optimization of a newly designed 2-Stroke Uniflow engine, leading to manufacture and experimental validation. The main objective was to optimize, using mainly 3D-CFD modeling simulations, the scavenging performance of this 2-Stroke architecture by designing new intake ports geometries and to enable a great control over the air flow into and through the cylinder in order to scavenge the burnt gases as much as possible while minimizing the fresh air short-circuit to the exhaust. The optimum solutions were then manufactured and experimentally tested following a DoE methodology, before finally comparing the results of the scavenging performance to the previous 2-Stroke poppet-valve engine architecture.
Thein, KJL. (2021). Evaluation of combustion concepts and scavenging configurations in a 2-Stroke compression-ignition engine for future automotive powerplants [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/164044
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Hårding, Vidar. "Control and Autonomy of a Water Quality Measuring Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) : Catfish project - Control and Autonomy." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45118.

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This report is about the implementation of autonomy and control on a water quality measuring unmanned surface vehicle. The project was termed Catfish and involved five teams focusing on different aspects of the initial goal to create an autonomous three-part system; a surface drone, a submerged drone and flying drone. In this iteration of the Catfish project the focus laid on creating the surface drone and submerged drone as the Catfish project will improve over generations of thesis projects. The author of the report was in the Control and Autonomy team and had been tasked with giving the surface drone the autonomy needed to make this project viable. Existing advances made in autonomy was adopted and tested. With the help of estimation algorithms, and sensor fusion, a flight controller navigates the surface drone between a set of GPS waypoints. It is also able to counteract the external forces wind, waves and stream to keep its position. To reach this autonomy four test phases were conducted on a pre-prototype with progressively increased difficult autonomy starting with manual control and ending in advanced autonomy. When the advanced missions were executed the speed and accuracy of two different thruster configurations were examined and the best performing out of the two was implemented on the final prototype the other teams had designed. The project ended with a fully autonomous system that was able to execute all the navigational maneuvers required to operate autonomous water quality measuring missions.
Den här rapporten handlar om implementationen av autonomi och kontroll på en vattenkvalitetsmätande vattenburen drönare. Projektet fick namnet Catfish och blev indelat i fem teams som fokuserade på olika aspekter av ett 3-delsystem; en vattenburen, en undervattens och en flygande drönare. I denna iteration av Catfish projektet fokuserade medlemmarna på att utveckla den vattenburna och undervattens drönaren då projektet kommer fortsätta utvecklas under kommande generationer av Catfish projektrapporter. Författaren av den här rapporten ingick i ett team som hette "Control and Autonomy" och hade i uppgift att installera en autonom intelligens till den vattenburna drönaren för att göra Catfish prototypen användbar. Befintliga framsteg inom forskningsområdet blev granskade och testade. Genom att använda uppskattningsalgoritmer och "sensor fusion" lyckades en "flight controller" navigera drönaren mellan GPS waypoints och även behålla sin position genom att motverka krafterna från vind, vågor och strömmar. För att uppnå denna nivå av autonomi utför en förprototyp fyra test faser av ökad autonomisk svårhetsgrad. Under uppdraget blev hastigheten och precisionen av två olika motoruppsättningar undersöka och den som presterade bäst blev implementerad på den slutgiltig designen som de andra teamen hade utvecklat. Projektet avslutades med att ett fullt autonomt system blev utvecklat som var kapabel till att utföra alla navigationsmanövrar nödvändiga för att genomföra autonoma vattenkvalitetsmätningsuppdrag.
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Orchard, Matthew Noel. "Optimisation of the compound helicopter configuration." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/47096/.

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Corrigan, Eric R. "Evaluating heavy-duty diesel engine aftertreatment devices with a split exhaust configuration." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1825.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 87 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82).
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Amandus, Nicholas P. "Locomotive emissions effects due to engine configuration." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3072.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 164 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87).
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Balasubramanian, Anand Krishnan. "A Computational Model for Building Modular Animals: Design and Configuration of the Decision Network." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367924268.

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Hetreed, Christopher F. "Internal flow investigation of an aft finocyl grain configuration in a solid rocket motor." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46038.

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Cold-flow tests were conducted in mediums of air and water to investigate the internal flow field about the nozzle region of a proposed solid rocket motor (SRM) configuration that would potentially replace the current external boosters on NASA's Space Shuttle. One-eighth-scale clear acrylic models of the proposed submerged aft-dome and aft finned grain elements were constructed to simulate the aft segment of the SRM at ignition and 35 seconds into the firing sequence. Pressure, velocity, and turbulence profiles were obtained during cold air testing, while air bubbles and dye were used for flow visualization during water tunnel testing.

The flow visualization experiments indicated the presence of strong inlet vortices, alternating vortex shedding from both grain models' fins, circumferential flow in the aft-dome and around the nozzle, and recirculatory flow in the aft-dome and near an upstream portion of the 35-second grain model. Data acquired during cold air testing showed a turbulent low-velocity flow field in the aft-dome for both grain models. With respect to pressure and mean velocity virtually the entire nozzle/aft-dome region exhibited a minimal sensitivity to nozzle vectoring.


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Books on the topic "Motor configurations"

1

Ahmed, Rafiq. Loads analysis and testing of flight configuration solid rocket motor outer boot ring segments. Huntsville, Ala: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1990.

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Goremykin, Sergey. Relay protection and automation of electric power systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048841.

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The textbook describes the main issues of the theory of relay protection and automation of electric power systems. The structure and functional purpose of protection devices and automation of power transmission lines of various configurations, synchronous generators, power transformers, electric motors and individual electrical installations are considered. For each of the types of protection of the above objects, the structure, the principle of operation, the order of selection of settings are given, the advantages and disadvantages are evaluated, indicating the scope of application. The manual includes material on complete devices based on semiconductor and microprocessor element bases. The progressive use of such devices (protection of the third and fourth generations) is appropriate and effective due to their significant advantages. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students in the areas of training 13.03.02 "Electric power and electrical engineering" (profile "Power supply", discipline "Relay protection and automation of electric power systems") and 35.03.06 "Agroengineering" (profile "Power supply and electrical equipment of agricultural enterprises", discipline "Relay protection of electrical equipment of agricultural objects"), as well as for graduate students and specialists engaged in the field of electrification and automation of industrial and agrotechnical objects.
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Vaez-Zadeh, Sadegh. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198742968.003.0001.

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An overview of permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors and the related control system are presented in this chapter as introductory materials for the rest of the book. The interconnections of the control system to the power electronic inverter and the motor are emphasized. In addition, the major parts of the system are overviewed. Pulse width-modulated voltage source inverter, as the most commonly used power converter in PMS motor drives, is briefly discussed. PMS motors configurations and operating principles are also presented after considering characteristics of permanent magnet materials. Major PMS motor control methods including vector control, direct torque control, predictive control, deadbeat control, and combined vector and direct torque control are briefly reviewed. Finally, several rotor position and speed estimation schemes, and offline and online parameter estimation methods are overviewed.
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Center, Langley Research, ed. A technique for integrating engine cycle and aircraft configuration optimization. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. A technique for integrating engine cycle and aircraft configuration optimization. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A two-dimensional Euler solution for an unbladed jet engine configuration. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A two-dimensional Euler solution for an unbladed jet engine configuration. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Schütz-Bosbach, Simone, Patrick Haggard, Luciano Fadiga, and Laila Craighero. Motor cognition: TMS studies of action generation. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0030.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to study motor configuration in three ways. TMS can be used to provide a controllable and physiologically specified input to the skeletomotor system. Second, use of TMS has been as an online probe of cortical motor excitability. Third, TMS can be used to interfere with cognitive-motor processes involved in action control. TMS allows the experimenter to selectively interfere with a specific brain process. TMS has proved a valuable tool for testing parallel models of perception–action linkage, because it can be used to measure cortical excitability. TMS has been used as both an excitability measure and a transient inactivation. TMS has allowed neuroscientists to activate or inactivate the brain's action systems artificially. This has provided key insights into normal motor function.
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A Fault-Tolerant Dual Three-Level Inverter Configuration for Multipole Induction Motor Drive with Reduced Torque Ripple. Kanyakumari, India: ASDF International, 2017.

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Classen, Joseph, and Katja Stefan. Changes in TMS Measures induced by repetitive TMS. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0016.

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This article reviews several protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-induced plasticity. rTMS, when applied to the motor cortex or other cortical regions of the brain, may induce effects that outlast the stimulation period. The neural plasticity, which emerges as a result of such interventions, has been studied to gain insight into plasticity mechanisms of the brain. In two protocols the structure of rTMS trains is modified, informed by the knowledge of the physiological properties of the corticospinal system. Pulse configuration, stimulus frequency, stimulus intensity, the duration of the application period, and the total number of stimuli are some variables that have to be taken into account when reviewing the physiological effects of rTMS. This article also introduces the concept of patterned rTMS pulses and rTMS with ischemic nerve block. In addition, rTMS has raised considerable interest because of its therapeutic potential; however, much needs to be done in this field.
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Book chapters on the topic "Motor configurations"

1

Di Stefano, Marilyn, and Rwth Stuckey. "Ergonomic Considerations for Vehicle Driver-Cabin Configurations: Optimizing the Fit Between Drivers with a Disability and Motor Vehicles." In International Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions, 233–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08141-0_17.

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Bilgin, Berker. "Derivation of Pole Configuration in Switched Reluctance Machines." In Switched Reluctance Motor Drives, 91–121. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203729991-3.

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Mracek, Maik, Tobias Hemsel, Piotr Vasiljev, and Jörg Wallaschek. "Self Configuration of a Novel Miniature Ultrasonic Linear Motor." In Solid State Phenomena, 167–72. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-21-3.167.

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Matei, Sorin Adam, and Brian C. Britt. "A Synthesized Theoretical Framework for Motors Driving Organizational Configurational Change." In Lecture Notes in Social Networks, 113–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64425-7_8.

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Hassan, Anhar. "Medication-Refractory Parkinsonian Tremor Requiring Dual Lead Implantation for Tremor Control." In Deep Brain Stimulation, edited by Laura S. Surillo Dahdah, Padraig O’Suilleabhain, Hrishikesh Dadhich, Mazen Elkurd, Shilpa Chitnis, and Richard B. Dewey, 73–78. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647209.003.0014.

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A 52-year-old man with Parkinson disease (PD) of 9 years’ duration was referred to the DBS clinic for medication-refractory severe unilateral rest and re-emergent tremor and frequent motor fluctuations. He was approved for DBS, with debate over the optimal target to treat severe tremor and fluctuations (subthalamic nucleus [STN] plus/minus the ventral intermediate [Vim] thalamus) and unilateral versus bilateral implantation. The committee decided to perform unilateral STN lead placement first, to provide benefit for both motor fluctuation and tremor, with the option of adding Vim concurrently if required. Intraoperatively, there was incomplete tremor capture, so a second lead was placed in Vim with success. Subsequent DBS programming achieved marked improvement of tremor and fluctuations at low stimulation, although side effects necessitated bipolar configurations in both leads. The patient reported excellent sustained tremor suppression at 2-year follow-up, although motor fluctuations recurred. This case illustrates that for intraoperative stimulation-refractory PD tremor, consideration can be given to adding a second Vim DBS target (dual DBS targets).
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Hinterwaldner, Inge. "Introduction." In The Systemic Image, translated by Elizabeth Tucker. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035040.003.0001.

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Interactive, dynamic computer simulations hold a unique position between test environment and explicit design. They serve a broad variety of applications, from scientific knowledge production to education, training, therapy, and recreation. Although the process by which simulations are produced is also taken into view, the foreground is devoted not to mathematical and technical components as explored in computer science or computational visualistics, but rather to the sensory aspects of the realization. The focus is on the aspects of simulations that can be experienced by the senses: in the optic, acoustic, haptic, or, more broadly, sensory-motor impressions. For the most part iconicity plays a dominant role in these interactive configurations that require a complex, transformable '(re)acting' object beyond mere navigability.
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Orihuela-Espina, Felipe, and L. Enrique Sucar. "Adaptation and Customization in Virtual Rehabilitation." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 141–63. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9740-9.ch008.

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Background. Adaptation and customization are two related but distinct concepts that are central to virtual rehabilitation if this motor therapy modality is to succeed in alleviating the demand for expert supervision. These two elements of the therapy are required to exploit the flexibility of virtual environments to enhance motor training and boost therapy outcome. Aim. The chapter provides a non-systematic overview of the state of the art regarding the evolving manipulation of virtual rehabilitation environments to optimize therapy outcome manifested through customization and adaptation mechanisms. Methods. Both concepts will be defined, aspects guiding their implementation reviewed, and available literature suggesting different solutions discussed. We present “Gesture Therapy”, a platform realizing our contributions to the field and we present results of the adaptation techniques integrated into it. Less explored additional dimensions such as liability and privacy issues affecting their implementation are briefly discussed. Results. Solutions to implement decision-making on how to manipulate the environment are varied. They range from predefined system configurations to sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) models. Challenge maintenance and feedback personalization is the most common driving force for their incorporation to virtual rehabilitation platforms. Conclusions. Customization and adaptation are the main mechanisms responsible for the full exploitation of the potential of virtual rehabilitation environments, and the potential benefits are worth pursuing. Despite encouraging evidence of the many solutions proposed thus far in literature, none has yet proven to substantially alter the therapy outcome. In consequence, research is still on going to equip virtual rehabilitation solutions with efficacious tailoring elements.
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Turk, Alice, and Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel. "Evidence for an alternative approach to speech production, with three model components." In Speech Timing, 146–89. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795421.003.0007.

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Evidence presented in previous chapters suggests consideration of an alternative to the coupled-oscillator approach to modeling human speech planning and production processes. One alternative approach is based on the symbolic phonemic representations of Generative Phonology. This approach requires a separate mechanism to translate these symbolic representations into the quantitative context-appropriate specifications that can produce the surface form of an utterance. To date models of this type have not included comprehensive versions of components that complete this symbol-to-quantification translation process. This chapter reviews the evidence that supports a three-component model of this process, with an abstract symbolic Phonological Planning Component to specify the goals of the utterance at the level of contrastive feature cues; a Phonetic Planning Component to translate these goals into acoustic targets with their articulatory realizations; and a Motor-Sensory Implementation Component to track and adjust the articulatory movements which create the vocal-tract configurations that realize these goals. Development of such a three-component model would allow direct comparison with performance of the oscillator-based AP/TD model.
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Yang, Huahai. "Optimization in Mental Configuration Space." In Cognitively Informed Intelligent Interfaces, 140–55. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1628-8.ch009.

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This chapter describes a geometric approach to human cognition centering on the concept of mental configuration space. As a case study of the approach, this work details a study that derives performance models for an important class of motor behavior—pointing in the two dimensional space. The five derived models and three existing models in the literature are compared using an experimental study. It is found that the models developed on the basis of mental configuration space fit the empirical data better than other models. It is argued that the mental configuration space concept points to a potentially fruitful direction of research. Finally, the chapter discusses the implications of such an approach for user interface research and development.
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Jain, Sachin, Ramsha Karampuri, and Ramulu Chinthamalla. "Solar PV Powered Standalone Water Pumping Systems." In Handbook of Research on Power and Energy System Optimization, 139–90. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3935-3.ch005.

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The standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) powered water pumping system could have either two power conditioning units (PCUs) or a single PCU. The system with single PCU is advantageous over the prior because of low device count, smaller in size, low cost, low losses, and higher efficiency. This chapter includes four such single-stage PV water pumping systems. All the four systems are operated using the integrated control technique which assimilates maximum power point tracking (MPPT), pulse width modulation (PWM) technique, and motor control. But the PV systems differ in the inverter configuration used as well as the employed induction motor (conventional star connected and open-end winding induction motor [OEWIM]). The detailed description of mathematical modeling, design and analysis of all the four PV pumping systems along with the simulation results are presented in this chapter.
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Conference papers on the topic "Motor configurations"

1

Krishnan, Arjun, and Bogdan I. Epureanu. "A Stochastic Mechano-Chemical Model for Cooperative Motor Protein Dynamics." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-585.

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The Peskin-Oster model for single molecule experiments on kinesin is extended to analyze the motion of two motors cooperatively pulling a bead in a kinesin motility assay. The various assumptions inherent in the model are tested for the case of two motors, and justified rigorously. We formulate a Markov process similar to the single motor case, and simulate the master equations on a restricted set { − N, ···, N} for each motor. The model is simulated for different initial configurations, and motors with identical parameters are found to synchronize in expectation, both spatially and in phase. It is found that synchronization is faster at higher loads and for higher adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations. From a physical perspective, it is shown that the motors move to a configuration where the load is shared equally between them.
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Yee, S., C. Shaeffer, S. Yee, and C. Shaeffer. "Fuel regression characteristics in two hybrid motor configurations." In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3079.

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Valencia Garcia, Diego Fernando, Joshua Taylor, Mustafa Mohamadian, Daniel Luedtke, Ali Emadi, and Berker Bilgin. "A Comparative Analysis for Six-Phase Motor Configurations." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0465.

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ZHANG, Guangwei, and Akio YAMAMOTO. "Comparative Analysis for Sensorless Displacement Estimation of Electrostatic Film Motors in Different Motor Configurations." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2019.8755176.

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Podgornovs, Andrejs, and Ilya Galkin. "Evaluation of Configurations of Modular Motor for Power-Assist Wheelchair." In 2019 26th International Workshop on Electric Drives: Improvement in Efficiency of Electric Drives (IWED). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwed.2019.8664279.

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Kakoudakis, I. D., E. K. Karamanis, I. I. Kikidis, and A. G. Kladas. "Comparison of Permanent Magnet Motor Configurations for Electric Vehicle Applications." In 2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2018.8506733.

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Mu¨ller, N., B. Lindberg, M. Mouland, N. Holden, A. Lahiri, and B. Wagenknecht. "Low-Cost Wound and Woven Composite Turbomachinery Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27692.

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A novel design and manufacturing of light-weight high-strength composite impellers with integrated motor and bearing is introduced. It is based on winding or weaving endless fiber material on a commercially available winder. This concept may be applied for compressors, pumps, turbines, propellers, or jet propulsion devices (Fig. 1). By interweaving electrical motor components, constructions without a shaft, or shaft sealing are possible. Also, the active motor elements can be positioned outside of the fluid stream. Besides the low cost of construction, one of the main advantages to this design is the integration of electrical motors in the turbo-wheels. This allows for the easy implementation of multiple counter-rotating turbomachinery stages in not only axial configurations, but also mixed flow configurations as well. The integrated motors are typically variable speed motors.
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Mansir, Hassan, Michael Rimmer, Leon Waldner, Claire Hong, John Graham, Michelle Wolanski, and Bruce Duong. "Hybrid Permanent Magnet Motor Application to Electric Submersible Pumps in SAGD wells." In SPE Gulf Coast Section Electric Submersible Pumps Symposium. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204499-ms.

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Abstract A Permanent Magnet Motor (PMM) designed to break the 300°C barrier was previously presented that included many advancements to greatly improve the operating temperature and reliability beyond the ability of current equipment [1]. A key design element is the inclusion of a squirrel cage in the PMM rotor that results in a hybrid construction. This paper will delve into the rationale for the hybrid configuration and will assess motor performance using electromagnetic simulations and validation testing. PMMs are used in many industrial applications and have recently started to gain traction in oil and gas upstream production applications. A significant issue is the PMM compatibility with existing motor drive equipment and their need for special provisions to operate at the end of long cables without position sensors. A hybrid configuration help overcome these limitations and allows operation with conventional variable speed drives using a standard scalar controller as used with induction motors. The design, development, and qualification of the hybrid PM rotor construction were undertaken using a rigorous analytical approach combined with extensive validation testing. The motor is designed to maintain stability under the severe transient conditions in the SAGD environment, where the produced emulsion rich in gas and solids creates highly variable conditions for the motor and controller. A detailed electromagnetic model of the motor for configurations with or without the squirrel cage was undertaken to demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid configuration to maintain speed control stability. A time stepped method was used to simulate the motor start with simulated loading conditions, reflecting the starting and operating conditions with breakaway torques up to full load torque condition and 50% transient loads. The squirrel cage was successfully integrated within the rotor structure of a 150hp PM motor. Extensive design and thermal-structural analysis ensured the construction was acceptable for operation in the ranges −40°C to 350°C. Validation testing was then performed to demonstrate the hybrid PM motor construction functioned for use with conventional and legacy variable frequency drives.
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Bartholet, M. T., S. Silber, T. Nussbaumer, and J. W. Kolar. "Performance Investigation of Two-, Three- and Four-Phase Bearingless Slice Motor Configurations." In 2007 7th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peds.2007.4487670.

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El-Sayed, Mohamed E. M., and Jeffrey Barber. "Analysis of Hybrid Bus Powertrain With Different Transmissions." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64536.

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The main goals for developing hybrid power train system are reducing emissions and providing commercially viable low cost transportation solutions. To achieve these goals, a well defined set of targets and specifications are necessary for the hybrid system development. These targets and specifications are needed for design, analysis, and validation of the power train subsystems, components, and successful system integration. During hybrid system design and development, there are many alternatives and design configurations to choose from. To select the most efficient systems duty cycle data and profiles are needed to assist in defining the design targets and specifications. For buses, due to their well defined routes the duty cycles can be achieved through data acquisitions or by using the American Public Transit Association (APTA) standard duty cycle. In this paper, the APTA duty cycle profiles are used to evaluate two alternatives power train configurations for a bus series hybrid system. The first configuration consists of two electric motors and one speed transmission while the second configuration consists of one electric motor with two speed transmission. The simulation and analysis results of both configurations are presented.
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