Journal articles: 'Motor behaviour'

1

Bate, Michael. "Development of motor behaviour." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 9, no. 6 (December 1999): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00031-8.

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Teskey, G. Campbell, Marie H. Monfils, Corey Flynn, Nicole A. Young, Francine van Rooyen, Luke C. Henry, Lana J. Ozen, Amy K. Henderson, Aylin Y. Reid, and Andrew R. Brown. "Motor maps, seizures, and behaviour." Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale 62, no. 2 (June 2008): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1196-1961.62.2.132.

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Pic, Miguel, Pere Lavega-Burgués, and Jaume March-Llanes. "Motor behaviour through traditional games." Educational Studies 45, no. 6 (September 14, 2018): 742–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2018.1516630.

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Todman, M. "Motor systems Neurobiology of behaviour." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 671–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00163-x.

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Todman, Martin G., and Philip J. Benson. "Motor systems: Neurobiology of behaviour." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 12, no. 6 (December 2002): 627–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(02)00392-6.

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Burke, Julian F., and Philip J. Benson. "Motor systems: Neurobiology of behaviour." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 9, no. 6 (December 1999): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00045-8.

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Brown, R. G. "Tutorials in motor behaviour II." Neuropsychologia 32, no. 6 (June 1994): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(94)90036-1.

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Hossner, E. J. "Cognitive Aspects of Motor Behaviour." German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research 22, no. 2 (June 1992): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03178030.

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Mano, Hiroshi, Sayaka Fujiwara, and Nobuhiko Haga. "Adaptive behaviour and motor skills in children with upper limb deficiency." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 42, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364617718411.

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Background: The dysfunction of individuals with upper limb deficiencies affects their daily lives and social participation. Objectives: To clarify the adaptive behaviours and motor skills of children with upper limb deficiencies. Study design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: The subjects were 10 children ranging from 1 to 6 years of age with unilateral upper limb deficiencies at the level distal to the elbow who were using only cosmetic or passive prostheses or none at all. To measure their adaptive behaviour and motor skills, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition was used. They were evaluated on the domains of communication, daily living skills, socialization and motor skills. We also examined the relationship of the scores with age. Results: There were no statistically significant scores for domains or subdomains. The domain standard score of motor skills was significantly lower than the median scores of the domains and was negatively correlated with age. Conclusion: Children with upper limb deficiencies have individual weaknesses in motor skill behaviours, and these weaknesses increase with age. It may be helpful in considering approaches to rehabilitation and the prescription of prostheses to consider the characteristics and course of children’s motor skill behaviours. Clinical relevance Even if children with unilateral upper limb deficiencies seem to compensate well for their affected limb function, they have or will experience individual weaknesses in motor skills. We should take this into consideration to develop better strategies for rehabilitation and prostheses prescriptions.

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Zeef, Dagmar H., Rinske Vlamings, Lee Wei Lim, Sonny Tan, Marcus L. F. Janssen, Ali Jahanshahi, Govert Hoogland, Jos Prickaerts, Harry W. M. Steinbusch, and Yasin Temel. "Motor and non-motor behaviour in experimental Huntington's disease." Behavioural Brain Research 226, no. 2 (January 2012): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.09.041.

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Venkatesh, Nandini, and Sumit Kumar. "Risky driving behaviour among the motorized two-wheeler novice riders in Davanagere city, Karnataka- Cross-sectional study." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i01.027.

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Introduction-Road traffic accidents (RTA) account for more significant mortality and morbidity rates worldwide, resulting in considerable global burden. In Indi, motor vehicle accidents are one of the common reasons for mortality among young riders. The present study provides insight into different aspects of risky driving behavior from individual attitudes, and psychological factors like anger, mood, and emotions. Methodology- A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students; findings from this study say young males are more involved in risky driving behavior. Results- Number of males are involved in risky driving behaviour and mobile phone usage while riding is more significant the results focus on the role that risky driving behaviour plays in two-wheeler motor vehicle accidents and suggests the need for further research in this area of risky driving behaviour to improve road safety education and law enforcement policies that focus upon ensuring good driving behaviours.

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Blakemore, Rebekah L., Indrit Sinanaj, Silvio Galli, Selma Aybek, and Patrik Vuilleumier. "Aversive stimuli exacerbate defensive motor behaviour in motor conversion disorder." Neuropsychologia 93 (December 2016): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.11.005.

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Ambron, Elisabetta, Sergio Della Sala, and Robert D. McIntosh. "Closing-in behaviour and motor distractibility." Neuropsychologia 50, no. 3 (February 2012): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.019.

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Brown, P. "V.8 Neurophysiology of motor behaviour." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 12 (May 2006): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8020(07)70062-7.

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Visser, G. H. A., R. N. Laurini, J. I. P. de Vries, D. J. Bekedam, and H. F. R. Prechtl. "Abnormal motor behaviour in anencephalic fetuses." Early Human Development 12, no. 2 (November 1985): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3782(85)90180-x.

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Cordier, Patrick, Michel Mend�s France, Philippe Bolon, and Jean Pailhous. "Thermodynamic study of motor behaviour optimization." Acta Biotheoretica 42, no. 2-3 (September 1994): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00709490.

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Ebersbach, G., H. Hättig, L. Schelosky, J. Wissel, and W. Poewe. "Perseverative motor behaviour in Parkinson's disease." Neuropsychologia 32, no. 7 (July 1994): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(94)90018-3.

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Ruspantini, Irene, and Niels Birbaumer. "Human motor behaviour and neuroprosthesis control." Cognitive Processing 6, no. 1 (February 10, 2005): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-005-0049-z.

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Gyftakis, Konstantinos N., and Joya Kappatou. "The Impact of the Rotor Slot Number on the Behaviour of the Induction Motor." Advances in Power Electronics 2013 (February 19, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/837010.

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The impact of the rotor slot number selection on the induction motors is investigated. Firstly, analytical equations will reveal the spatial harmonic index of the air gap magnetic flux density, connected to the geometrical features and the saturation of the induction motor. Then, six motors with different rotor slot numbers are simulated and studied with FEM. The stator is identical in all motors. The motors are examined under time-harmonic analysis at starting and at 1440 rpm. Their electromagnetic characteristics, such as electromagnetic torque, stator current, and magnetic flux density, are extracted and compared to each other. The analysis will reveal that the proper rotor slot number selection has a strong impact on the induction motor performance.

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Smith, Louise, Tao Zhong, and Parveen Bawa. "Nonlinear behaviour of human motoneurons." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-016.

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When ramp-and-hold currents are injected into a motoneuron of an anesthetized cat, the motoneuron responds with a high initial firing rate (dynamic phase), which then adapts to a lower steady-state firing rate. The firing rates during the dynamic and the steady-state phases are linearly related to the rate of change and the magnitude of the injected current, respectively. In human subjects, where inputs to the motoneurons are not accessible, force parameters are used to describe motoneuron behaviour. Population responses of human motoneurons, measured in terms of gross electromyographic (EMG) activity, increase linearly with the magnitude and the rate of change of force. No study has attempted to examine the question of linearity of single motor units during the dynamic as well as the steady-state phases. The following study recorded single motor unit and EMG activities simultaneously from the flexor carpi radialis muscle in human subjects completing ramp-and-hold force trajectories. Although the results confirmed the linear relationship between EMG activities and the rate and magnitude of the force, a nonlinear activity pattern was observed between the single motor unit firing and the force parameters, suggesting that recruitment must be responsible for the linear behaviour of EMG activity. Comparisons of different background activity levels on the firing patterns of a given motor unit, as well as comparisons of two simultaneously recorded units, further supported nonlinear response patterns of single motor units.Key words: human, motoneurons, motor units, nonlinearity, force trajectory, repetitive firing.

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Soley, Fernando G., Rafael Lucas Rodríguez, Gerlinde Höbel, and William G. Eberhard. "Insightful behaviour in arthropods?" Behaviour 158, no. 8-9 (March 15, 2021): 781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10077.

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Abstract Arthropod behaviour is usually explained through ‘hard-wired’ motor routines and learning abilities that have been favoured by natural selection. We describe observations in which two arthropods solved rare and perhaps completely novel problems, and consider four possible explanations for their behaviours: (i) the behaviour was a pre-programmed motor routine evolved to solve this particular problem, or evolved for other functions but pre-programmed to be recruited for this function under certain conditions; (ii) it was learned previously; (iii) it resulted by chance; or (iv) it was the result of insightful behaviour. Pre-programmed solutions can be favoured by natural selection if they provide solutions to common or crucial problems. Given the apparent rarity of the problems that these animals solved, the solutions they employed are unlikely to represent innate behaviour. Learning and random chance seem unlikely, although we cannot rule them out completely. Possibly these animals employed some degree of insight.

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Joseph, Pauline. "Australian motor sport enthusiasts’ leisure information behaviour." Journal of Documentation 72, no. 6 (October 10, 2016): 1078–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-12-2015-0150.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the leisure information behaviour of motor sport enthusiasts, examining: their information needs; their information seeking and sharing; what personal information they had; and their satisfaction with their information seeking and personal information management efforts. Design/methodology/approach This exploratory study examined participants’ information behaviour from a postpositivist and inductive research approach. An online survey was completed by 81 motor sport enthusiasts. The quantitative survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whilst the qualitative data were analysed using thematic coding. Findings The research findings highlighted that enthusiasts engaged in mixed serious leisure. They required information before, during and after race events, and sought this primarily from online sources, as well as from other individuals. Totally, 90 participants shared information about their interest in motor sport with family, friends and fellow enthusiasts, primarily via e-mails (69 per cent) and Facebook (49 per cent). They also gathered information about motor sport, including photographs and memorabilia. Participants were satisfied with their information management strategies for their personal collections. Research limitations/implications Participants were limited to motor sport enthusiasts in Australia, hence findings cannot be generalised more broadly. Practical implications Understandings of enthusiasts’ information behaviour provide information management professionals with insights to work with this user community. Originality/value This study fills a gap in the literature about leisure information behaviour of motor sport enthusiasts in Australia. It identifies and provides a typology of the 12 categories of information needed by enthusiasts. Provides a preliminary motor sport information behaviour model guided by the conceptual frameworks of the everyday life information seeking model; general models on information behaviour; and the information problem solving behaviour model.

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Eugène, Daniel, Nicolas Vibert, and Pierre-Paul Vidal. "Sensory vestibular information and vertebrate motor behaviour." Physiology News, Summer 2008 (July 1, 2008): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36866/pn.71.17.

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Gavilanes, Danilo, Fabian Loidl, Wiel Honig, Arjan Blokland, Lara Spalldi, Erik Van Dijk, Harry Steinbusch, and Carlos Blanco. "Memory and Motor Behaviour after Fetal Asphyxia." Pediatric Research 44, no. 3 (September 1998): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199809000-00216.

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Yates, Darran. "Glial AMPA receptors finely tune motor behaviour." Nature Reviews Neuroscience 13, no. 8 (July 20, 2012): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3307.

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Lillo, Patricia, and John R. Hodges. "Cognition and behaviour in motor neurone disease." Current Opinion in Neurology 23, no. 6 (December 2010): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e3283400b41.

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Castañer, Marta, and Gloria Sauch. "Patterns of Motor Behaviour in the Elderly." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 116 (February 2014): 2074–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.522.

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Bekedam, D. J., G. H. A. Visser, J. J. de Vries, and H. F. R. Prechtl. "Motor behaviour in the growth retarded fetus." Early Human Development 12, no. 2 (November 1985): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3782(85)90178-1.

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Castiello, Umberto. "Complex movement behaviour, “the motor-action controversy”." Neuropsychologia 28, no. 9 (January 1990): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(90)90115-5.

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CIONI, G., B. MILIANTI, G. DEVITO, and L. BANDINI. "Postural and motor behaviour in preterm infants." Behavioural Brain Research 26, no. 2-3 (November 1987): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(87)90178-1.

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Berger, Florian, Corina Keller, Melanie J. I. Müller, Stefan Klumpp, and Reinhard Lipowsky. "Co-operative transport by molecular motors." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 5 (September 21, 2011): 1211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0391211.

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Intracellular transport is often driven co-operatively by several molecular motors, which may belong to one or several motor species. Understanding how these motors interact and what co-ordinates and regulates their movements is a central problem in studies of intracellular transport. A general theoretical framework for the analysis of such transport processes is described, which enables us to explain the behaviour of intracellular cargos by the transport properties of individual motors and their interactions. We review recent advances in the theoretical description of motor co-operativity and discuss related experimental results.

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Draper, Catherine, Simone A. Tomaz, Caylee J. Cook, Sasha S. Jugdav, Candice Ramsammy, Sahba Besharati, Alastair Van Heerden, et al. "Understanding the influence of 24-hour movement behaviours on the health and development of preschool children from low-income South African settings: the SUNRISE pilot study." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 1 (August 7, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a8415.

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Background: The International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years, SUNRISE, was initiated to assess the extent to which young children meet movement behaviour guidelines (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, screen time, sleep). Objective: The South African SUNRISE pilot study assessed movement behaviours in preschool children from two low-income settings, and associations between these movement behaviours, adiposity, motor skills and executive function (EF). Methods: Preschool child/parent pairs (n = 89) were recruited from preschools in urban Soweto and rural Sweetwaters. Height and weight were measured to assess adiposity. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometers while sedentary behaviour, screen time and sleep were assessed via parent report. Fine and gross motor development were measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3, and EF was assessed using the Early Years Toolbox. Results: The proportion of children meeting the physical activity guideline was 84% , 66% met the sleep guideline ,48% met the screen time guideline , and 26% met all three guidelines. Rural children were more active, but spent more time on screens compared to urban children. Most children were on track for gross (96%) and fine motor (73%) development, and mean EF scores were in the expected range for all EF measures. EF was negatively associated with screen time, and gross motor skills were positively associated with physical activity. Conclusion: The South African SUNRISE study contributes to the growing literature on 24-hour movement behaviours in SA preschool children, and highlights that these behaviours require attention in this age group.

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Despotović, Željko, and Vladimir Šinik. "The Simulation and Experimental Results of Dynamic Behaviour of Torque Motor Having Permanent Magnets." Journal of Electrical Engineering 66, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2015-0015.

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Abstract The application, construction, and principle of operation of the torque motor having permanent magnets are presented first. Since dynamic behaviour of a servohydraulic system is, to a large extent, determined by dynamic behaviour of the applied torque motor, an analysis of motor’s dynamic behaviour is carried out and its dynamic transfer characteristic is determined. Finally, the simulation and experimental results of dynamic behaviour of the torque motor are presented.

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Vidal, Pierre-Paul, and Francesco Lacquaniti. "Perceptual-motor styles." Experimental Brain Research 239, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 1359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06049-0.

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AbstractEven for a stereotyped task, sensorimotor behavior is generally variable due to noise, redundancy, adaptability, learning or plasticity. The sources and significance of different kinds of behavioral variability have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, the idea that part of this variability depends on unique individual strategies has been explored to a lesser extent. In particular, the notion of style recurs infrequently in the literature on sensorimotor behavior. In general use, style refers to a distinctive manner or custom of behaving oneself or of doing something, especially one that is typical of a person, group of people, place, context, or period. The application of the term to the domain of perceptual and motor phenomenology opens new perspectives on the nature of behavioral variability, perspectives that are complementary to those typically considered in the studies of sensorimotor variability. In particular, the concept of style may help toward the development of personalised physiology and medicine by providing markers of individual behaviour and response to different stimuli or treatments. Here, we cover some potential applications of the concept of perceptual-motor style to different areas of neuroscience, both in the healthy and the diseased. We prefer to be as general as possible in the types of applications we consider, even at the expense of running the risk of encompassing loosely related studies, given the relative novelty of the introduction of the term perceptual-motor style in neurosciences.

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Dominick, O. S., and J. W. Truman. "The physiology of wandering behaviour in Manduca sexta. IV. Hormonal induction of wandering behaviour from the isolated nervous system." Journal of Experimental Biology 121, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.121.1.133.

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Prior to exposure to ecdysteroids, the isolated central nervous system (CNS) of the fifth instar Manduca sexta larvae exhibited infrequent motor bursts over a 24-h period of extracellular recording from segmental motor nerves. In contrast, the CNS isolated from wandering larvae was characterized by persistent, frequent spontaneous motor bursts throughout the 24-h incubation. The motor bursts generated by the isolated CNS of wandering larvae were similar to those observed in deafferented segments of partially dissected wandering larvae during locomotion. In both cases bursts in the deafferented ganglia were synchronous and had a lower frequency than in intact animals. Removal of the brain from a CNS isolated prior to ecdysteroid exposure resulted in the appearance of spontaneous bursts, which were abolished by removing the suboesophageal ganglion (SEG). By contrast, when the brain was removed from the isolated CNS of wandering larvae, spontaneous bursts ceased. These results parallel the behavioural effects of the same lesions in intact larvae of the respective stages. The CNS isolated from larvae prior to ecdysteroid exposure initiated sustained frequent bursting after an average latency of 15 h following incubation in haemolymph taken from larvae during the interval of ecdysteroid secretion. Incubations of the CNS with 1 microgram ml-1 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) resulted in the onset of the same pattern of sustained motor activity. In a CNS isolated prior to ecdysone release, it was necessary and sufficient to expose the brain to 20-HE in order to induce the state of persistent motor bursts characteristic of wandering. We conclude that the spontaneous persistent motor bursts observed in the isolated CNS of wandering larvae are directly related to the sustained locomotion seen during the wandering behaviour. 20-HE acts directly on the CNS, specifically the brain, to induce this state of neural activity.

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Riba, Jordi-Roger, Antoni Garcia, and Luís Romeral. "A computer experiment to simulate the dynamic behaviour of electric vehicles driven by switched reluctance motors." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 51, no. 4 (October 2014): 368–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.0008.

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The study of the dynamic behaviour of electric vehicles is being incorporated in the syllabuses of an increasing number of graduate and undergraduate courses. This paper analyses the basic mechanical and electric concepts of electric traction applied to automobiles. For this purpose, in this work the switched reluctance motor is analysed. A model based on MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the behaviour of both the electric motor and the vehicle dynamics is described. It allows students to gain a better understanding of the fundamental mechanical and electrical concepts by simulating the system behavior in an interactive and flexible manner.

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Tomassini, Alice, Tiziana Vercillo, Francesco Torricelli, and Maria Concetta Morrone. "Rhythmic motor behaviour influences perception of visual time." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1888 (October 3, 2018): 20181597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1597.

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Temporal processing is fundamental for an accurate synchronization between motor behaviour and sensory processing. Here, we investigate how motor timing during rhythmic tapping influences perception of visual time. Participants listen to a sequence of four auditory tones played at 1 Hz and continue the sequence (without auditory stimulation) by tapping four times with their finger. During finger tapping, they are presented with an empty visual interval and are asked to judge its length compared to a previously internalized interval of 150 ms. The visual temporal estimates show non-monotonic changes locked to the finger tapping: perceived time is maximally expanded at halftime between the two consecutive finger taps, and maximally compressed near tap onsets. Importantly, the temporal dynamics of the perceptual time distortion scales linearly with the timing of the motor tapping, with maximal expansion always being anchored to the centre of the inter-tap interval. These results reveal an intrinsic coupling between distortion of perceptual time and production of self-timed motor rhythms, suggesting the existence of a timing mechanism that keeps perception and action accurately synchronized.

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Salvador, Liliana C. M., Frederic Bartumeus, Simon A. Levin, and William S. Ryu. "Mechanistic analysis of the search behaviour of Caenorhabditis elegans." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 92 (March 6, 2014): 20131092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1092.

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A central question in movement research is how animals use information and movement to promote encounter success. Current random search theory identifies reorientation patterns as key to the compromise between optimizing encounters for both nearby and faraway targets, but how the balance between intrinsic motor programmes and previous environmental experience determines the occurrence of these reorientation behaviours remains unknown. We used high-resolution tracking and imaging data to describe the complete motor behaviour of Caenorhabditis elegans when placed in a novel environment (one in which food is absent) . Movement in C. elegans is structured around different reorientation behaviours, and we measured how these contributed to changing search strategies as worms became familiar with their new environment. This behavioural transition shows that different reorientation behaviours are governed by two processes: (i) an environmentally informed ‘extrinsic’ strategy that is influenced by recent experience and that controls for area-restricted search behaviour, and (ii) a time-independent, ‘intrinsic’ strategy that reduces spatial oversampling and improves random encounter success. Our results show how movement strategies arise from a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, that search behaviour in C. elegans is initially determined by expectations developed from previous environmental experiences, and which reorientation behaviours are modified as information is acquired from new environments.

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Begum Ali, Jannath, Tony Charman, Mark H. Johnson, and Emily J. H. Jones. "Early Motor Differences in Infants at Elevated Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 50, no. 12 (April 23, 2020): 4367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04489-1.

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AbstractWe investigated infant’s manual motor behaviour; specifically behaviours crossing the body midline. Infants at elevated likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) produced fewer manual behaviours that cross the midline compared to infants with a typical likelihood of developing these disorders; however this effect was limited to 10-month-olds and not apparent at age 5 and 14 months. Although, midline crossing did not predict ASD traits, it was related to ADHD traits at 2 years of age. We rule out motor ability and hand dominance as possible explanations for this pattern of behaviour, positing that these results may be a consequence of multisensory integration abilities, and the neurobehavioural shift period, in the first year of life.

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Greatrix, D. R., R. E. Feteanu, and J. Karpynczyk. "Travelling Shock Wave Behaviour in Rocket Motor Chambers." Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal 53, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5589/q07-001.

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Huizinga, Jan D., and Sean P. Parsons. "Pacemaker network properties determine intestinal motor pattern behaviour." Experimental Physiology 104, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/ep087465.

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Gavilanes, Danilo, Fabian Loidl, Wiel Honig, Arjan Blokland, Lara Spalldi, Erik van Dijk, Harry Steinbusch, and Carlos Blanco. "Memory and Motor Behaviour after Fetal Asphyxia 1868." Pediatric Research 43 (April 1998): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199804001-01891.

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Dicks, Matt, Christal Clashing, Liam O’Reilly, and Chris Mills. "Perceptual-motor behaviour during a simulated pedestrian crossing." Gait & Posture 49 (September 2016): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.07.003.

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Garcia-Campmany, Lidia, Floor J. Stam, and Martyn Goulding. "From circuits to behaviour: motor networks in vertebrates." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2010.01.002.

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O'Toole, Brian I. "Intelligence and behaviour and motor vehicle accident mortality." Accident Analysis & Prevention 22, no. 3 (June 1990): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(90)90013-b.

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Jorch, G., M. Barginda, and H. Rabe. "53 FACIAL MOTOR BEHAVIOUR OF VERY IMMATURE PRETERMS." Pediatric Research 24, no. 2 (August 1988): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198808000-00079.

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Roscoe, Clare M. P., Michael J. Duncan, and Cain C. T. Clark. "The 24-h Movement Compositions in Weekday, Weekend Day or Four-Day Periods Differentially Associate with Fundamental Movement Skills." Children 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8100828.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weekday, weekend day and four-day physical activity (PA) behaviours and fundamental movement skills (FMS) in British preschool children from a low socio-economic status background using compositional data analysis (CoDA). One hundred and eighty-five preschool children aged 3–4 years provided objectively assessed PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (GENEActiv accelerometer) and FMS (TGMD-2). The association of 24-h movement behaviours with FMS was explored using CoDA and isotemporal substitution (R Core Team, 3.6.1). When data were considered compositionally (SB, light PA (LPA), moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA)) and adjusted for age, BMI and sex, the weekday-derived composition predicted total motor competence (r2 = 0.07), locomotor (r2 = 0.08) and object control skills (r2 = 0.09); the weekend day-derived composition predicted total motor competence (r2 = 0.03) and object control skills (r2 = 0.03), the 4-day-derived composition predicted total motor competence (r2 = 0.07), locomotor (r2 = 0.07) and object control skills (r2 = 0.06) (all p < 0.05). Reallocation of 5 min of LPA at the expense of any behaviour was associated with significant improvements in total motor competence, locomotor and object control skills; for weekend-derived behaviours, MVPA was preferential. Considering movement behaviours over different time periods is required to better understand the effect of the 24-h movement composition on FMS in preschool children.

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Takahata, M., M. Yoshino, and M. Hisada. "Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Crayfish Steering Behaviour as an Equilibrium Response." Journal of Experimental Biology 114, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 599–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.114.1.599.

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1. When the crayfish Procambarus is rolled with legs not upon a substratum, uropod opener muscles on the lifted side are activated in co-contraction whereas antagonistic closer muscles on the same side are all relaxed simultaneously. The closers are activated and the openers are relaxed on the lowered side. 2. This reciprocal pattern is also observed in the motor neurone activity: the contraction of opener muscles on the lifted side and closer muscles on the lowered side is caused by an increase in the activity of excitatory motor neurones innervating these muscles, whereas the relaxation of their antagonists on each side is caused by a decrease in the activity of excitatory motor neurones innervating them. Deafferentation by cutting all roots of the terminal ganglion has no significant effect on the steering pattern. 3. The decrease in the excitatory motor neurone activity during steering was found to be due to an increase in the inhibitory input to the motor neurones. 4. During body rolling, the statocyst receptors on the lifted side increase their activity while those on the lowered side decrease it (Takahata & Hisada, 1979). We conclude that the opener motor neurones receive excitation and inhibition respectively from the ipsilateral and the contralateral statocyst, whereas the closer motor neurones receive excitation and inhibition respectively from the contralateral and ipsilateral statocyst. From these results, the connections between the motor neurones and the identified statocyst interneurones were deduced. 5. The normal, bilaterally organized steering pattern of the uropod muscle activity seems to be produced by the statocysts of both sides, whose information is mediated by a bilateral set of interneurones having different connections to individual motor neurones.

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Jones, Dan, Alison Innerd, Emma L. Giles, and Liane B. Azevedo. "The Association between Physical Activity, Motor Skills and School Readiness in 4–5-Year-Old Children in the Northeast of England." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 11931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211931.

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The benefits of being physically active, possessing good motor skills and being school-ready are well documented in early years. Nevertheless, the association between physical activity and motor skills with school readiness remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship between these variables. We collected data on 326 four to five-year-old children from the northeast of England. Children’s PA (ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers), motor skills (MABC-2 and the locomotor section of the TGMD-2) and school readiness (EYFSP) were measured, and associations between these variables were examined. This study found that, on average, children engaged in more MVPA (99.6 min/day) and less sedentary behaviour (261 min/day) than documented in previous research. Motor-skill scores were consistent with existing literature in early years. A higher percentage of children in the sample (79.6%) achieved school readiness than the average for England. Regression analyses found that motor-skill variables and sedentary behaviour were significantly predictive of school readiness, whereas physical activity was not. Motor skills and sedentary behaviour significantly predict school readiness. Therefore, promoting motor skills and developmentally appropriate sedentary behaviour activities may increase the number of children achieving school readiness.

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Paszota, Zygmunt. "Losses and energy efficiency of drive motors and systems." Polish Maritime Research 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2013-0001.

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Abstract Losses and energy efficiency of every drive motor must be presented as functions of physical quantities independent of losses in the motor. Such quantities are speed and load required by the machine or device driven by the motor, changing in the drive operating field. Speed and load of the motor decide of the instantaneous useful power of the motor and also in a differentiated way of kinds and values of losses occurring in the motor. However, losses and energy efficiency of the hydrostatic drive motors and systems are evaluated by researchers and manufacturers as functions of parameters depending on the losses. The basic cause of such situation is the traditional, commonly accepted but erroneous, view of the power flow in the drive motors and systems represented by the Sankey diagram of power decrease in the direction of power flow. It is necessary to replace the Sankey diagram by the proposed diagram of increase of power in the motor and in the drive system in the direction opposite to the direction of power flow. The proposed view of losses and energy efficiency should be applied to all types of motor and drive systems. The aim of this paper is showing the resulting problems of the above postulates, exemplified by operation of a rotational displacement motor in a hydrostatic drive system. In order to make possible objective evaluation of the energy behaviour of different motor and system solutions and sizes, the losses and energy efficiency should be described and compared as dependent on the motor speed coefficient ωM and load coefficient M changing in the drive system operating field (0 ≤ ωM< ωMmax, 0 ≤ M< Mmax). The presented proposals open a new perspective of unavoidable research of drive motors and systems, making it possible to compare objectively the energy efficiency of different types of motors and drive systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Motor behaviour'

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