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Journal articles on the topic "Motor age (1902)"
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Alexandrov, A. V., A. A. Smirnov, P. V. Goncharuk, V. V. Rybchenok, and R. A. Khagurov. "Prognosis of traumatic ulnar, median and radial nerves injuries in children: systematic review and meta-analysis." Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery 25, no. 4 (February 2, 2023): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52581/1814-1471/83/01.
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Objective. Damage to peripheral nerves has a strong impact on the life of patients, as the absence during the care provided can lead to disability. It is important to determine the prognostic factors that affect the outcome of the disease.Material and methods. During the initial selection, 1902 publications (PubMed) and 675 results were found using the Google Scholar database. From the initially identified search results, an analysis of 5 papers was carried out.Results. The total number of patients with peripheral nerve injuries of the upper extremities was 120. The average age of patients is (9.1 ± 1.5) years old. The conducted meta-analysis of the difference in the average values of recovery of motor function of peripheral nerves after surgery showed: the final increase in the recovery rate of motor function, depending on age, was 0.47 (0.08–0.87) %, p < 0.02; the final increase in the recovery rate of motor function, depending on the level of damage, was 0.71 (0.27–1.13) %, p < 0.02.Conclusion. The obtained results showed the prognostic value of such indicators as age at the time of surgery and the level of damage. Thus, we can confidently say that the smaller the age of the child and the more distal the level of damage, the better results can be expected after surgery.
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Schorman, Rob. "“This Astounding Car for $1,500”: The Year Automobile Advertising Came of Age." Enterprise & Society 11, no. 3 (September 2010): 468–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700009277.
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In 1906, a writer declared that it remained an “unsolved problem whether the automobile is to prove a fad like the bicycle, or a lasting factor in the industry of the country.” A few years later, concerned with the possibility of overproduction and market saturation, auto executives and other commentators were writing articles for the advertising trade press with titles like “Why Auto Production Must Be Curtailed” and “The Fading of the Automobile Rainbow.” Considering that by the early twenty-first century, the United States had a population of nearly 300 million people and an average of 2.1 registered motor vehicles per household, it is difficult to appreciate how uncertain the industry’s status seemed in its early years. Yet although contemporary observers may not have known it, in many ways by the end of 1908 the foundation stoneswere already in place for a hundred years of automotive economic and cultural preeminence in the United States. Two events from that year are well known as harbingers of the industry’s future. In September, General Motors was established, and in October, Ford introduced its Model T to the nation's auto dealers. In time, these developments had a profound impact on American automobile manufacture and management.
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Tolmachev, Georgii A., Valerii G. Makarov, Igor G. Tsvenger, and Aureliya V. Tolmacheva. "COMPARISON OF INDUCTION MOTOR PARAMETERS ESTIMATION METHODS." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2024-2-151-159.
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It is known that induction motors are mostly applied type of motors in industry. Therefore, their digital twin development remains relevant. One of the main issues during digital twin development is induction motor parameters determination. There are a number of methods to determine these parameters with varying degree of accuracy. The purpose of the study is to find an induction motor parameters estimation method which allows one to create a digital twin of actual induction motor. Methods. MATLAB software was used to create induction motor simulation model in phase coordinates. To determine induction motor parameters via catalogue data, the methods suggested by the following authors were used: Kravchik A.E. (1982), Moshchinskii Yu.A. (1998), Myasovskii V.A. (2020). The object of research is the induction motor AIRM80A6U3 whose actual performance characteristics were obtained during experiment. Results. Using the developed mathematical model, and methods to determine the parameters of the induction motor via catalogue data, simulation has been applied to compare actual performance characteristics and those obtained as a result of simulation. To improve results accuracy, a series of experiments was performed for stator winding phase resistance identification. The most accurate method was chosen and obtained data were included in it. The paper contains graphical images for visual comparison of simulated and actual induction motor performance characteristics. Maximum relative and integrated errors are the convergence criteria of the model and real motor. These errors are tabulated for visual reference. By analyzing simulated induction motor performance characteristics, current, speed and maximum relative and integrated errors, a method was determined which identifies induction motor parameters with highest accuracy. Moreover, using that method with precise resistances of the stator winding makes it possible to reduce the speed integral and relative error by 2.5 times. Conclusions. A comparison of the results shows good convergence, which allows the method to be used for modeling induction motor drive systems.
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Luerssen, Thomas G., Melville R. Klauber, and Lawrence F. Marshall. "Outcome from head injury related to patient' age." Journal of Neurosurgery 68, no. 3 (March 1988): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.68.3.0409.
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✓ A series of 8814 head-injured patients admitted to 41 hospitals in three separate metropolitan areas were prospectively studied. Of these, 1906 patients (21.6%) were 14 years of age or less. This “pediatric population” was compared to the remaining “adult population” for mechanism of injury, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, motor score, blood pressure, pupillary reactivity, the presence of associated injuries, and the presence of subdural or epidural hematoma. The relationship of each of these factors was then correlated with posttraumatic mortality. Except for patients found to have subdural hematoma and those who were profoundly hypotensive, the pediatric patients exhibited a significantly lower mortality rate compared to the adults, thus confirming this generally held view. This study indicates that age itself, even within the pediatric age range, is a major independent factor affecting the mortality rate in head-injured patients.
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Solomin, S. A., I. R. Shmidt, and I. G. Galantyuk. "The experience of used Korteksin preparation in complex treatment disease vein Gilles de la Tourette in children." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 7, no. 5-2 (December 30, 2008): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2008-5-2-391-392.
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The disease Gilles de la Tourette (generalized teak, disease or syndrome Tourette and others) — respecting rare organic disease of the encephalon, revealing presence varied hyperkinesias and vocals of the breaches.Under observation was found 26 children at age with 7 before 14 years with different degree evidence motor and vocals frustration at period with 2002 on 2007. Of them boys 21 (80,7%), girls 5 (19,2%). All children got the traditional treatment by used our department with addition of Korteksin preparation in medical drug blockade in points Vg 15, 16. Korteksin in complex treatment disease Gilles de la Tourette promotes more quick and more long removal motor and vocals frustration.
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Hahn, Robert A. "Survival in Adversity: Trends in Mortality Among Blacks in the United States, 1900–2010." International Journal of Health Services 50, no. 4 (May 25, 2020): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731420925289.
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The goal of this study was to analyze trends in black age-adjusted mortality rates (AADR) from 1900 through 2010 and to propose explanations. Analyses included a descriptive study of trends in AADR from major causes for blacks and age-specific all-cause mortality at each decade. In 1900, all-cause AADRs were higher for blacks than whites. Over the century, differences decreased substantially. Reductions mortality were greatest among young people, lowest among older adults. Deaths from infectious diseases showed the greatest decrease. Heart disease mortality among blacks increased from 1920 to 1950, then decreased by 2010. For men and women, AADRs for cancer rose to a peak in 1990, then declined. Stroke mortality decreased steadily for males and females. AADRs from unintentional injuries (not including motor vehicle injury) decreased gradually. Despite widespread societal resistance, blacks have made substantial gains in a wide range of social determinants of health, such as civil rights, education, employment, income, and housing. Substantial gains remain to be made.
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Bilkish, Umme Sayeeda, Md Jahangir Hossain, Murshida Afruz, Chowdhury Foyzur Rob, Md Gulam Mustofa, and Chowdhury ABM Bodrudduza. "Causes of low back pain (LBP) in women without pregnancy, in relation to different age groups during the reproductive period, are primarily treated as musculoskeletal disorders: a retrospective study." MOJ Orthopedics & Rheumatology 16, no. 3 (May 13, 2024): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojor.2024.16.00667.
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Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder of several causes that can mess up the spine. It is characterized by pain, stiffness or muscle tension and is usually localized in the lumber region. – During their working years, people frequently experience low back pain. Approximately 84% of adults experience LBP once or more during their lifetime. In Bangladesh, wt. related prevalence of LBP is 18.5% and age group 18-34 years prevalence are 10.5% and >55 years 27.8%, average 19.2%, which is more in women 27.2% than men. Pain in the soft tissue of the back is extremely common among adults and often affects individuals during their working years. LBP in women, is strongly linked to hormonal and reproductive factors, the work environment and lifestyle. Females frequently experience lower abdominal and back pain at reproductive age, usually due to PMS, PMDD, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, pregnancy, menopause, muscle spasms, arthritis, UTI, PID, HTN, DM, obesity, multiple C/S tracts and lower abdominal operations, all of which cause RAD, osteoporosis, vertebral and intervertebral disc diseases (PLID, herniation, slipping etc.). The L4 and L5 neural arches are involved in the transmission of a considerable load. Therefore, the joints between the articular facets of L4 and L5,- are sites of LBP. Low back pain (LBP) was diagnosed by history and clinical examination according to the Pain Scale. To determine the cause of HELLP syndrome/causes by routine investigations and sometimes abdominal ultrasonography (USG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed. Treatment of LBP depends on the cause. When a definite lesion is not found, the patient should be informed and reassured about the treatment of LBP. Purpose/Objective of the study: To identify the causes of LBP and prevalence of LBP in women of reproductive age excluding pregnant individuals and establish referral guidelines. Methodology: This was a retrospective (observational) cross sectional study jointly conducted by Orthopedics and Gynecology Expertise in the North-East region, named the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. Female patients were considered to be of reproductive age for the last three (3) years (2020 - 2022) at the Z&J fellows medical institution. The data were collected from the medical records of computer databases with preset questionnaires and written informed consent. The 1st part of the questionnaire consisted of questions about the causes of LBP, and the 2nd part consisted of LBP-related questionnaires. Patients were selected by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 statistical software, MS Word and Excel version 2010. Descriptive statistics were analyzed, i.e. - frequency, central tendency and dispersion, i.e. range, standard deviation and variance. Tests of “proportions” and “significance” were performed via sample t-tests and ANOVA. Statistical data analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of LBP incidence and intensity (%) with age, BMI, disease status, marital status, obstetric history, working history and posture of reproductive-age women. Summary: LBP has multiple causes. In retrospective studies, there is no way to predict the prevalence of causes rather, the prevalence of causes can be determined before patients are affected. In our study, we explored the causes of LBP in women according to age, BMI, local and systemic diseases, marital history, obstetric history, working history and posture. The prevalence of LBP was greater in the 41-50 years age group (34.7%) and in the 20-30 years age group (34.2%). Moreover, overweight and obesity are associated with LBP. Overall 5.3% and 12.8% of the participants were overweight and obese, respectively, and were aged >20-30 years with LBP. Patient age, BMI, disease status, marital status, obstetric history and working history had no effect on any of the patients, but some patients had LBP; overweight, obesity, age group and working posture had direct effects on LBP incidence (p>0.05). LBP is more common in women- than in men and may be due to household activities and a greater frequency of visceral pain during menstruation, pregnancy and labor. Conclusion: Low back pain (LBP) can occur in multiple physical conditions in women of reproductive age except during pregnancy and can disrupt the back tissues of the lumbosacral region. Women are more susceptible to LBP because of menstrual and obstetric factors. A diagnosis was made by obtaining a meticulous detailed medical history, performing a physical examination and performing proper investigations. The causal parameters revealed that LBP had no effect on any of the patients, but women of reproductive age may suffer from LBP due to differences in cause.
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Patlidanon, Jutima, Parnchat Pukrushpan, Supharat Jariyakosol, and Pokpong Praneeprachachon. "Long-term outcome following bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia." Asian Biomedicine 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0804.328.
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Abstract Background: Bilateral lateral rectus recession is the most common surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia in children. Success rates in previous studies differ because longer follow-up periods may change success rate as the eyes drift out with time. Initial overcorrection was thought to be appropriate management, but the preferred initial postoperative deviation has not been well quantified. Objective: To study long-term outcomes (≥3 years) of bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia and to evaluate factors influencing long-term success. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study reviews patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession with a minimum follow up of 3 years. Long-term motor outcome was classified as good (within 8 prism diopters (PD) of esodeviation and 10 PD of exodeviation), acceptable (exodeviation 11-20 PD), and poor (esotropia >8 PD or exotropia >20 PD). Stereoacuity testing pre- and postoperatively was used to evaluate sensory outcome. Correlation between long-term outcome and various pre- and postoperative factors were analyzed. Results: A total of 59 patients met the selective inclusion criteria. The mean age at time of surgery was 7.1 years with a mean follow-up time of 4.5 years. At the time of the last visit, 69% (41 patients) had good outcomes, 24% (14 patients) had acceptable outcomes, and 7% (4 patients) had poor outcomes. Initial postoperative ocular deviation significantly correlated with long-term outcome (P < 0.05). Mean initial postoperative ocular deviation of patients with good outcome was esodeviation 12.7 PD (range ortho to esodeviation 25 PD). In 45 patients whose stereoacuity could be assessed, 58% (26 patients) had stereoacuity improvement. Conclusion: Good long-term motor outcome can be achieved in 69% of patients following bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia. Initial postoperative ocular deviation correlated with long-term motor success.
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Gantois, Petrus, Vanessa C. M. Pinto, Kezianne R. de Castro, Paulo V. João, Paulo M. S. Dantas, and Breno Guilherme G. A. T. Cabral. "Skeletal age and explosive strength in young volleyball players." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 19, no. 3 (August 24, 2017): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n3p331.
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Identifying diferent anthropometric, physiological and motor aspects is essential to obtain success in sports practice. However, these components may be developed in same age subjects diferently, in part due biological development. he aim of the study was compare and correlate the explosive strength to biological maturation by sex, obtained by estimation of skeletal age based on anthropometric variables. he sample consisted of 239 subjects of both sexes, aged 10 to 13 years. Maturation was assessed by skeletal age predictive equation and upper and lower limbs explosive strength using medicine ball throw test and vertical jump, respectively. Skeletal age was assessed by skeletal age using a predictive anthropometrical based equation. Upper and lower limbs explosive strength were evaluated by medicine ball throwing test and vertical jump test, respectively. Post hoc analysis showed delayed biological development subjects had worst medicine ball throwing test performance than accelerated boys (p=0.001; d=0.96) and girls (p< 0.01; d= 2.01); regarding to vertical jump test, worst performance was also detected to maturational delayed boys when compared to accelerated ones (p=0.24; d=1.1) and girls (p=0.007; d=0.75). Regression analysis showed skeletal age explained variance of 36% and 19.2% for boys and 45.2% and 16.1% for girls upper and lower limbs explosive strength. Skeletal age is positively related to upper and lower limbs explosive strength and show higher performance for accelerated biological development young players when compared to delayed ones, independently from sex.
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Piatysotska, Svitlana, Leonid Podrіgalo, Vyacheslav Romanenko, Yana Zhernovnikova, Nataliia Dolgopolova, and Andrii Yefremenko. "Comparative analysis of motor functional asymmetry indicators in athletes of cyclic sports, martial arts, and esports." Physical Education of Students 27, no. 4 (August 30, 2023): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2023.0408.
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Background and Study Aim. Understanding and assessing functional asymmetry among athletes is pivotal, as it has the potential to reveal hidden strengths and weaknesses that can profoundly influence competitive performance. Study Aim: to perform a comparative analysis of functional asymmetry indicators among athletes in cyclic sports (short track), martial arts (karate, taekwondo), and esports (CS:GO). Material and Methods. The study involved athletes of martial arts (n=10, age 18.9±0.12, experienced athletes), elite players of semi-professional CS:GO teams (n=10, age 19.2±0.50), and short track athletes (n=10, age 19±0.09, experienced athletes). The functional asymmetry was determined using a specialized program for iOS tablets. Results. Esports athletes a higher number of taps during the test within a given unit of time. They also exhibit shorter reaction times and have briefer tap durations using both their right and left hands, in comparison to athletes specializing in other disciplines. Across all three specializations, athletes display minimal disparities between their right and left hands regarding tap count, reaction time, and tap duration at each of the six test stages. The variance in tap count ranges from 0 to 1.40 times, while reaction time differs by 0 to 2.33 milliseconds, and tap duration varies between 1.53 to 8.69 milliseconds. Conclusions. The exploration of motor functional asymmetry holds significant importance in analyzing the motor skills and perceptual-motor capabilities of athletes across diverse sports and proficiency levels. A comparison of functional asymmetry metrics among athletes from three distinct specializations affirmed the similarity in outcomes across all measures. This suggests that elite athletes possess a heightened level of movement coordination and symmetry in their execution between their right and left hands. The advanced level of sports training contributes to the balanced enhancement of intermuscular coordination, further positively impacting visual-motor reaction times.
Books on the topic "Motor age (1902)"
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O'Brien, John F. Child safety restraint study: A study of the effects of child safety restraint legislation on the incidence and severity of motor vehicle accident injuries to children six years of age and younger (based on 1980-1982 and 1984-1985 accidents). [Albany, N.Y.]: Division of Research & Evaluation, State of New York, Dept. of Motor Vehicles, 1986.
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Scott, Missy. Harley-Davidson Motor Company. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400661860.
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It's 1901 and a guy named Harley has an idea. Put an engine on a bicycle. What? Outside his door, carts are still pulled by horses and autos are a rare sight, for goodness' sake. It's 1908 and a Harley-Davidson motorcycle sets a record by getting 188 miles to a gallon of gas. It's 1909 and the company introduces something new to its line: a V-Twin cylinder engine. Fast forward to the twenty-first century, and the technical innovation hasn't stopped. But there's a lot more than just choppers in the mix. Examples: The Harley-Davidson racing team adds a seventeen-year-old girl to the roster. 250,000 people help celebrate Harley's 100th anniversary in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. And a museum devoted to the company's products opens up. Clearly, this is a company unlike any other. How did Harley do it? How did it go from making motorcycles to creating a Harley experience that puts hundreds of thousands of people aged sixteen to one hundred on the road traveling to events each year where they can meet company officials and other Harley riders? That's what this book is all about. Honda may match Harley-Davidson for quality and perhaps innovation, but no one has matched the company for its ability to create 'buzz marketing' and turn casual riders into unofficial sales people. Harley-Davidson, it turns out, isn't just in the motorcycle business. As its mission statement points out, it's in the business of fulfilling dreams. As author Missy Scott shows, Harley-Davidson is a rare company in other ways: Its loyal workforce, for one thing, is guided by principles like trust and respect for the individual. For another, the company has made a superb effort to keep jobs in the U.S., when it would be far cheaper and easier to use offshore labor. Teetering on the brink of bankruptcy in the early 1980s, Harley has roared back to capture the hearts of riders the world over, including the million-plus members of the Harley Owners Group (members are known, naturally, as HOGs). This book: -Explains the importance of the company and the essential disruptions that changed business forever. -Details Harley's origins and history. -Presents biographies of the founders and the historical context in which they launched the company. -Explains Harley's strategies and innovations. -Assesses Harley's impact on society, technology, processes, and work methods. -Details financial results over the years. -Predicts Harley's future prospects and successes. In addition, Scott offers special features that include a look at the colorful people associated with Harley, interesting trivia, a Harley-Davidson time line, a focus on products, a look at how the company treats its workers, what its detractors have to say, and where the company is headed. Harley-Davidson—a company that changed, and is changing, the world.
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Tennant, John. Motor Racing: The Golden Age: Extraordinary Images from 1900 to 1970 (Golden Age S.). Cassell Illustrated, 2006.
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TENNANT, John. Motor racing : the golden age: Extraordinary images from 1900 to 1970. Ted Smart, 2004.
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Editors, The Nichols/Chilton. Chilton's Import Automotive Service Manual: 1982-89 Motor/Age Professional Mechanics Edition. Chilton Book Company, 1989.
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Loske, Alexandra, ed. A Cultural History of Color in the Age of Industry. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474206211.
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Volume 5 A Cultural History of Color in the Age of Industry covers the period 1800 to 1920, when the world embraced color like never before. Inventions, such as steam power, lithography, photography, electricity, motor cars, aviation, and cheaper color printing, all contributed to a new exuberance about color. Available pigments and colored products – made possible by new technologies, industrial manufacturing, commercialization, and urbanization – also greatly increased, as did illustrated printed literature for the mass market. Color, both literally and metaphorically, was splashed around, and became an expressive tool for artists, designers, and writers. Color shapes an individual’s experience of the world and also how society gives particular spaces, objects, and moments meaning. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Color examines how color has been created, traded, used, and interpreted over the last 5000 years. The themes covered in each volume are color philosophy and science; color technology and trade; power and identity; religion and ritual; body and clothing; language and psychology; literature and the performing arts; art; architecture and interiors; and artefacts. Volume 5 in the Cultural History of Color set. General Editors: Carole P. Biggam and Kirsten Wolf
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Editors, The Nichols/Chilton. Chilton's Truck Service Manual Medium/Heavy Duty Diesel Engines Controls/Repairs, 1982-1988/Motor/Age Professional Mechanic's Edition (New Series). Chilton Book Company, 1988.
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Chilton's Auto Heating, Air Conditioning Manual/1987/Motor-Age Professional Mechanic's Edition/1982-1987 (Chilton's Air Conditioning and Heating Manual). Motor Information Systems, 1987.
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Freeman, Kerry A. Chilton's 1989 Import Labor Guide and Parts Manual: 1982-89 Motor/Age Professional Mechanics Edition (Chilton's Import Labor Guide and Parts Manual). Chilton Book Company, 1989.
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Casadesus, Gemma, George Perry, James A. Joseph,, and Mark A. Smith. "Eat Less, Eat Better, and Live Longer: Does It Work and Is It Worth It? The Role of Diet in Aging and Disease." In The Fountain of Youth, 201–27. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170085.003.0010.
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Abstract Unless a cure is found, the number of individuals afflicted by, and dying from, Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is projected to rise exponentially such that, by the middle of the twenty-first century, 30% of the aged population will be afflicted by motor and/or cognitive declines. Even though the mechanisms resulting in the onset of AD and PD are unknown, it is clear that oxidative stress, a cellular condition associated with free radical dam¬ age, is centrally involved such that oxidative stress is one of the earliest alterations of AD (Olanow, 1992; Smith et al., 1995, 1996, 2000;Jenner and Olanow, 1996; Finch and Cohen, 1997; Nunomura et al., 2001). Oxidative stress, albeit at lower levels than those seen in neurodegenerative disease, is also centrally involved in aging (Harman, 1992) and likely plays a critical role in the cognitive and functional declines apparent in many aged individuals.
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Schwartz, Jean-Luc, Louis-Jean Boë,, and Christian Abry. "Linking Dispersion–Focalization Theory and the Maximum Utilization of the Available Distinctive Features Principle in a Perceptionfor-Action-Control Theory." In Experimental Approaches to Phonology, 104–24. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199296675.003.0008.
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Abstract The ‘‘substance-based’’ approach to phonology was born some 35 years ago with two seminal contributions, one by Liljencrants and Lindblom (1972)—the first of Lindblom’s many variations on dispersion and perceptual contrast (Dispersion Theories: Lindblom 1986, 1990b)—the other, Stevens’s Quantal Theory (1972, 1989). These contributions constituted the starting point for a rich tradition of descriptive and theoretical phonetics, in which the aim is not to refute the existence of a formal phonological level with its intrinsic formal principles and rules, but, instead, to determine and, possibly, model how the emergence of such formal systems could be shaped by the perceptuo-motor substance of speech communication.
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Woody, Erik, and Henry Szechtman. "To See Feelingly: Emotion, Motivation And Hypnosis." In Hypnosis and Conscious States: The Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective, 241–55. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198569794.003.0013.
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Abstract In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard laid the foundation for modern hypnosis research by devising standardized hypnosis scales. They modified the earlier hypnosis scale of Friedlander and Sarbin (1938) by adding additional comparatively easy test suggestions, particularly direct motor suggestions, resulting in two alternate forms, the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales, Forms A and B (SHSS: A and SHSS: B; Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard 1959). They then devised another hypnosis scale with a better representation of relatively difficult suggestions, such as hallucinations and age regression, resulting in the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS: C; Weitzenhoffer and Hilgard 1962). The SHSS: C is now widely regarded as the gold standard of hypnosis research (Woody and Barnier 1996).
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Dilttmann, Heinz, Hans-Heiner Bergmann, and Wiltraud Englander. "Development of Behavior." In Avian Growth and Development, 223–46. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195106084.003.0009.
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Abstract The main characteristic of behavioral development is change. Changes may be found (a) in the form of a behavioral trait; (b) in the repertoire: new patterns occur, others disappear; (c) in the frequency of a pattern; in the proximate causes that elicit a behavior; and in the functional organization of a behavioral trait. These changes may be affected by genes, the physiological design of the developing bird, and the environment, generally summarized as”differentiation and integration.” Differentiation emphasizes the idea that adult behaviors derive from primitive and crude motor patterns. Integration refers to the development of new central connections between existing preformed parts, such as the coordination of separate motor elements into complex behavior pattern (Coghill 1929; Berridge 1994; Bekoff 1992; Rogers 1995). Few studies have been concerned with information about behavioral differentiation and integration in postnatal development of precocial and altricial birds (Kruijt 1964; Groothuis 1989a, 1994; Dilttmann 1992b; Rogers 1995). It is evident from these studies, however, that differentiation and integration of behaviors can be accompanied by the loss of other behaviors (Thaler 1979; EnggistDilblin 1988; Redondo 1991). Thus, behavioral ontogeny includes progressive and regressive development of behavioral patterns. To give an impression about the contrast between altricial and precocial behavior, we analyze the time of occurrence of a limited number of mainly noncommunicative motor patterns in 13 species distributed broadly across the altricial-precocial spectru_m. This comparison takes into account the fact that maturation plays an important role in the development of motor patterns (Grohmann 1939; Hess 1956; Bentley and Hoy 1970). However, the neuronal maturation of a behavioral trait and its first occurrence in natural performance do not necessarily coincide in time. Smotherman and Robinson (1989) showed that some motor patterns (e.g., facial wiping) are fully developed (hard-wired) in neonatal rats but usually are not performed earlier than the second postnatal week, probably because of a lack of the proper age-specific stimuli.
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Murie, Adolph. "The Wolves of Mount McKinley." In A Republic Of Rivers, 181–86. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195061024.003.0030.
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Abstract Adolph Murie (1899-1974), the son of Norwegian immigrants and a graduate of Concordia College in Moor-head, Minnesota, arrived in Alaska in September 1922 to assist his older stepbrother Glaus Murie in a study of caribou. Adolph Murie, or “Ade” as he was known to friends and family, fell in love with the far north, and, after completing doctoral work at the University of Michigan, returned often to Alaska.
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Gropman, Andrea L., and Ann C. M. Smith. "Neurologic Aspects of the Smith-Magenis Syndrome." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0028.
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The Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a multiple congenital anomaly and mental retardation syndrome (Greenberg et al. 1996). The clinical phenotype includes distinctive craniofacial and skeletal features that change with age, a history of infantile hypotonia, significant expressive language delay, mental retardation, stereotypies, behavioral problems, and a sleep disorder (Potocki et al., 2000; De Leersynder et al. 2001). Two genetic mechanisms can cause SMS: an interstitial deletion involving chromosome 17p11.2 (including the retinoic acid–induced 1 [RAI1] gene) or a mutation in the RAI1 gene (Smith et al. 1986; Seranski et al. 2001; Slager et al. 2003). First described by Smith and colleagues in 1982, in two severely impaired patients (Smith et al. 1982), the phenotypic spectrum has been expanded by the recognition of additional cases (Smith et al. 1986; Stratton et al., 1986). The estimated prevalence of SMS deletion cases was reported to be 1 in 25,000 (Greenberg et al. 1991). However, new cases identified in the last decade as a result of improved molecular cytogenetic techniques (including microarray technology) now suggest the incidence to be closer to 1 in 15,000 births (Elsea and Girirajian 2008). Despite this improvement in technology accounting for new cases identified in the last several years, clinical diagnosis based on phenotypic recognition is often delayed. The phenotype of SMS becomes more pronounced and recognizable with advancing age both in terms of the physical and dysmorphic characteristics, as well as in the behavioral features (Gropman et al. 2006). Infants with SMS present with hypotonia, weak hoarse cry, decreased vocalization, and complacency (Gropman et al. 1998; 2006; Martin et al. 2006; Wolters et al.,2009). Gross and fine motor skill development is delayed in the first year of life. Sensory integration problems are frequently noted. Social skills are often age appropriate, delaying diagnosis in some cases. In older children, developmental delay, in particular expressive language delays, as well as emerging behavioral difficulties (Gropman et al. 2006; Martin et al. 2006; Madduri et al. 2006) and sleep disturbance may bring patients to clinical attention.
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Segalowitz, Sidney J., and Daniel Bernstein. "Neural Networks and Neuroscience What Are Connectionist Simulations Good for?" In The Future of the Cognitive Revolution, 209–16. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195103335.003.0015.
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Abstract Around the turn of the century, the Sears mail order catalogue advertised some articles as “electric,” despite their having no electric properties, presumably to lend an air of modernity, high technology, and scientific magic. Dr. Scott’s Electric Hair Brush, the Electric Fabric Cleanser, the New Electric Washing Machine (al $2.98, it contained a rotary lever but no motor), and the Radium Shoulder Brace ($0.36) were thoroughly modern for the 1908 catalogue from Sears, Roebuck & Co., but the descriptions were connotative rather than denotative (Schroeder, 1971 ). We are now in an age when “neural” has such an aura. Those of us who study psycholinguistics or brain functions of language often have found ourselves on mailing lists for books and workshops in “neurolinguistic programming,” which is not related to the fields of neuroscience, linguistics, or programming. In this short chapter, we explain why we similarly see so-called neural networks, the result of PDP modeling, as not directly reflecting anything neural except in a superficial way. We propose to cover some general issues about the adequacy of Parallel Distributed Processing modeling (also referred to as PDP models, neural networks, and connectionist models) as an aid to cognitive neuroscience. By stepping back from specific implementations of PDP models, we will consider what such neural networks are capable of offering cognitive neuroscience, as well as their limitations in this endeavor.
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Öhrström, Lars. "To Take Back the Future." In The Last Alchemist in Paris. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199661091.003.0025.
Full textAbstract:
There are different ways to be propelled into stardom. In 1953 Audrey Hepburn used a scooter in the William Wyler film Roman Holiday. The unsteady ride ends at a police station, and with Hepburn earning an Academy Award for best actress. A rather different approach was taken by Michael Douglas and friends in Romancing the Stone (Robert Zemeckis 1984, also produced by Douglas), where Douglas and Kathleen Turner are chased throughout most of the film by Danny DeVito in a white Renault 4L. These more modest modes of transport were not quite the style of Michael J. Fox in Zemeckis’ next movie Back to the Future — Fox’s vehicle to international fame is a plutonium-powered DeLorean sports car. While Piaggio (the makers of the Vespa used by Hepburn) and Renault are large companies that still exist, the DeLorean Motor Company was already bankrupt in 1982, too early to profit from the success of the movie—a worldwide blockbuster sensation in 1985. But even if you could find a used DeLorean DMC-12, the only model ever built by the company, don’t expect it to take you back to the 1950s even if you fuel it up with plutonium. In the movie, Fox’s character Marty McFly gets caught up in a time paradox and literally needs to save his own future. In real life, six years later, at the age of 29, Fox was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, beginning a very real life fight to take back his own future by battling the disease at all levels. Parkinson’s disease is what is known as degenerative neurological disorder. It is chronic, and there is at present no cure, but treatment to combat the symptoms exists. It was first described in detail by English physician James Parkinson, and named after him by the influential Jean-Martin Charcot whom we met briefly in Chapter 12. The classical symptoms are tremors, rigidity, slowness of movements, and balance problems. The problems for doctors, and consequently for their patients, is that there is no simple chemical or biochemical test for Parkinson’s disease, sometimes making the diagnosis a complicated affair.
Conference papers on the topic "Motor age (1902)"
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Elsner, Ann E., Henry H. Zenzie, Stephen A. Burns, and Peter F. Moulton. "Changes in fundus pathology measurements with wavelength in the near IR." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tull3.
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To determine the best method of screening for and monitoring degeneration in age-related macular degeneration, we compared images of the ocular fundus taken in near IR light with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. We digitized images from 795 to 895 nm on five normal adults (two females, three males) and four patients with age-related macular degeneration (two females, two males). The IR light source was a Ti:sapphire laser (Titan cw, SEO), pumped by all lines of an argon laser (American Laser). Wavelength tuning was performed quickly, with a stepper motor under computer control. Two of the normal subjects and all of the patients have pathology visible as bright deposits with dark vessels. The contrast of deposits and subretinal vessels was enhanced as wavelength increased, with areas that appeared uniform at 795 nm having pathology and vessels readily visible at longer wavelengths.
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Borges, Isabella Sabião, Agnes Laura Silva Neres, Gabriella Louise Constantino Silva, Vinícius Moura Abbud Pena, Ana Clara Gondim Oliveira, Iago Resende Carvalho, Isabela Correa Samper, Douglas Eulálio Antunes, Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart, and Diogo Fernandes dos Santos. "Description of electroneuromyographic findings in leprosy: confirming a spectral neuropathy." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.696.
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Introduction: Leprosy is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy, leading to sequelae that perpetuate the stigma linked to the disease. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) is the gold standard to evaluate neural damage, as it can detect even subclinical alterations. Objectives: To describe the electroneuromyographic findings in leprosy patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the records from patients with leprosy in a Brazilian Reference Center, between 2014 and 2021. The sensibility conduction of the median, ulnar, radial, sural and peroneal nerves, and motor conduction of the median, ulnar, peroneal and tibial nerves were analyzed. Results: Five hundred and thirteen patients with leprosy submitted to ENMG at the diagnosis were analyzed. The mean age was 45.8 years (±16.6) with 50.1% being male, and multibacillary represented 85.8% of the cases. Of these patients, 71.9% presented neural damage compatible with leprosy. In total, 2,627 damaged nerves were found, with a mean of 7.1 (±5.2) per patient. The most affected sensitive nerve was the superficial peroneal 15.8%, with a mean of 4.4 (±3.3) damaged nerves per patient. The most affected motor nerve was the ulnar 12.9%, with a mean of 2.7 (±2.5) damaged nerves per patient. Between the 369 patients with neural leprosy damage, 19.2% presented with mononeuropathy, while 80.8% presented two or more damaged nerves. Asymmetric sensorimotor axonal neuropathy with focal slowing of conduction velocity was the most common ENMG pattern 53.9%. Conclusion: Leprosy is a spectral disease, therefore, the damage and neurophysiological characteristics can vary according to the clinical presentation. The ENMG pattern confirms that there is a greater involvement of sensitive nerves asymmetrically, mainly axonal, with localized non-uniform myelin damage.
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Ribeiro, Karina Silva, Felipe Pinheiro Guimarães, Mariane de Freitas Arcain, Maria Eduarda Bitencourt da Silva, and Natalia Ferreira Zamberlan. "Analysis of the profile of neurological emergencies and physiotherapeutic performance in the emergency room." In IV Seven International Congress of Health. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeivsevenhealth-053.
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Neurological emergencies are among the main occurrences in an emergency room, highlighting the particularity of demonstrating the need for a longer period of stay in the emergency service, hospitalization rate, admissions to critical patient units, in this way Physiotherapy work together with the multidisciplinary team is essential in the care of these patients. The objective of the present study was to analyze the profile of neurological emergencies and physiotherapeutic performance, in order to discuss effective conduct in physiotherapeutic care in response to this demand in the emergency room sector. This is an observational study, lasting twelve months, where we analyzed age, sex, neurological diagnostic hypothesis and the physiotherapeutic treatment that was carried out. 1619 patients were treated in the emergency unit during this period, of which 192 patients presented a neurological emergency profile, representing a percentage of 11.85%in relation to the total. Regarding the pathologies found in adult patients, 4 were more prevalent, being: Ischemic Stroke (50%), Hemorrhagic Stroke (17.7%), Seizures (13%) and Traumatic Brain Injury (13%). The physiotherapeutic approaches observed in thestudy demonstrated a greater focus on behaviors related to the respiratory system, and a lower prevalence of action focused on the motor system and early mobilization, which is justified by the fact that priority occurs in situations of complications thatpromote risks of life and are commonly prevalent in this sector, directly interfering in behaviors aimed at early mobilization