Journal articles on the topic 'Motivational Behaviours'
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Stancu, Catalin M., Alice Grønhøj, and Liisa Lähteenmäki. "Meanings and Motives for Consumers’ Sustainable Actions in the Food and Clothing Domains." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 10400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410400.
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The concept of sustainability has been widely discussed in the public arena by public entities and companies; however, consumers express inconsistency and confusion around the meaning of sustainability. This study aims to provide insights into consumers’ associations with the concept of sustainability in general and within two behavioural domains that represent daily necessities (i.e., food and clothing), in addition to exploring the motivational drivers behind sustainable behaviours. A total of 23 semi-structured interviews were conducted with young consumers in Denmark to address this aim. Consumers perceived the concept of sustainability as complex and mainly related it to environmental aspects, whereas social and economic aspects were less emphasised. The interviewees used examples of sustainable behaviours, which cover the whole consumption-cycle, when interpreting sustainability. Consumers had various motivations to engage in sustainable behaviours and these varied by the stage in the consumption-cycle and domain. The interviewees displayed external motivation (e.g., save money, better taste), introjected motivation (e.g., impress others, public self-consciousness), internalised motivation (e.g., reflection of self) and even intrinsic motivation (e.g., pure interest) to engage in different types of sustainable food or clothing behaviours across the consumption-cycle. Different types of motivations drove the same behaviour, suggesting potential synergies or internal conflicts.
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Karin Olsson, Anna, and Martin Gellerstedt. "Doing good at a nonprofit tourist attraction." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 8, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-07-2012-0051.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the growing field of membership research by applying a relationship marketing perspective on members in tourism settings. Focus is on exploring why consumers are members (motivational dimensions) and how motivations are related to member behaviours (retention, participation and co-creation), and to member demographics (gender, age, distance between the member's home and the supported organization). Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted among members of a nonprofit tourist attraction (n=755). Classical chi-square tests, t-tests and multivariate analysis using logistic regression were used to analyze data and to test eight hypotheses on member demographics, member motivations and member behaviours. Findings – Findings show that among the three motivational dimensions, altruism, i.e. doing good for others, was the strongest motive, followed by self-interest, i.e. doing good for yourself, and then the social motive, i.e. doing good with others, which scored lowest. Furthermore, findings show that gender, age and distance were significantly related to member motivations and member behaviours. Member behaviours were significantly related to motivations. Research limitations/implications – This study was conducted at a single nonprofit tourist attraction. However, it provides insights into different motivational dimensions for why people pay to become members and what kind of member behaviour they demonstrate. This topic calls for further research to explore the complex membership phenomenon such as extending this study by identifying member motives and behaviour in other contexts. Practical implications – This explorative study of members of a nonprofit tourist attraction contributes insights into why consumers are members (motivational dimensions), how motivations are related to member behaviours in a membership relationship context, and how member demographics are related to motivations and behaviours. Findings have implications for membership managers and the development of memberships in terms of giving a deeper insight into members as consumers in order to develop memberships as strategic resources and hence use the full potential of memberships especially vital to non-profit organizations. Several aspects of memberships are discussed that may inspire the development of member offerings. The present study contributes to the developing field of membership research as it is a response to the calls for more empirical studies of members to develop an integrated understanding of motivations of memberships. Furthermore it contributes with research of co-creation in customer relationships linking the co-creation concept to research of members in tourism settings. Originality/value – This study contributes to the developing field of membership research and furthermore gives insights into consumer motivations and behaviours that may inspire development of innovative and competitive membership offerings building membership relationships in tourism settings.
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James, D. V., P. E. Mullen, M. T. Pathé, J. R. Meloy, L. F. Preston, B. Darnley, and F. R. Farnham. "Stalkers and harassers of royalty: the role of mental illness and motivation." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 9 (April 1, 2009): 1479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709005443.
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BackgroundPublic figures are at increased risk of attracting unwanted attention in the form of intrusions, stalking and, occasionally, attack. Whereas the potential threat to the British Royal Family from terrorists and organized groups is clearly defined, there is a dearth of knowledge about that from individual harassers and stalkers. This paper reports findings from the first systematic study of this group.MethodA retrospective study was conducted of a randomly selected stratified sample (n=275) of 8001 files compiled by the Metropolitan Police Service's Royalty Protection Unit over 15 years on inappropriate communications or approaches to members of the British Royal Family. Cases were split into behavioural types. Evidence of major mental illness was recorded from the files. Cases were classified according to a motivational typology. An analysis was undertaken of associations between motivation, type of behaviour and mental illness.ResultsOf the study sample, 83.6% were suffering from serious mental illness. Different forms of behaviour were associated with different patterns of symptomatology. Cases could be separated into eight motivational groups, which also showed significant differences in mental state. Marked differences in the intrusiveness of behaviour were found between motivational groups.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of mental illness indicates the relevance of psychiatric intervention. This would serve the health interests of psychotic individuals and alleviate protection concerns without the necessity of attempting large numbers of individual risk predictions. The finding that some motivations are more likely to drive intrusive behaviours than others may help focus both health and protection interventions.
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McBride, S. D., and A. Hemmings. "Causal factors of equine stereotypy." BSAP Occasional Publication 32 (2004): 35–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00041227.
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AbstractThe commonality in neural mechanism (transmitter and brain region) underpinning stereotypy and that associated with motivation of goaldirected behaviours lends support to the idea that the former is derived from the latter. Hughes and Duncan postulated this theory behaviourally within their proposed 1988 model of motivation. This review re–interprets the Hughes and Duncan model to neurochemically describe the motivational development of stereotypic behaviour in the horse.
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Treasure, Janet. "Motivational interviewing." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 10, no. 5 (September 2004): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.10.5.331.
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Motivational interviewing is a style of patient-centred counselling developed to facilitate change in health-related behaviours. The core principle of the approach is negotiation rather than conflict. In this article I review the historical development of motivational interviewing and give some of the theoretical underpinnings of the approach. I summarise the available evidence on its usefulness and discuss practical details of its implementation, using vignettes to illustrate particular techniques.
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Langdon, Jody, Chad Johnson, and Bridget Melton. "Factors contributing to the uptake and maintenance of regular exercise behaviour in emerging adults." Health Education Journal 76, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896916654934.
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Objective: To identify the influence of parental autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and motivation on emerging adults’ physical activity level and exercise behaviours. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: This study convenience-sampled approximately 435 college students identified as emerging adults – aged 18–25 years, who did not have a child, own a home, or have sufficient income to be fully independent. Methods: Survey responses were used in a path model to investigate how parental autonomy support, psychological mediators and motivational processes influenced emerging adults’ exercise behaviour. Results: The hypothesised model was supported with minor modifications. Most notable was the influence of parental physical activity level and autonomy support on psychological mediators, motivational processes and exercise behaviour. Conclusion: Results indicate that parents influence their children both directly and indirectly. The impact of autonomy and competence support was found to promote emerging adults’ intrinsic motivation, which consequently influenced actual physical activity and behaviour.
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Villacís, Jorge L., Jesús de la Fuente, and Concepción Naval. "Good Character at College: The Combined Role of Second-Order Character Strength Factors and Phronesis Motivation in Undergraduate Academic Outcomes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 8263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168263.
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A renewed interest in the study of character and virtue has recently emerged in the fields of Education and Psychology. The latest research has confirmed the association between virtuous consistent behaviours and academic positive outcomes. However, the motivational dimension of character (the intentions underlying the patterns of observed behaviours) has received little attention. This research aims to extend the knowledge on this topic by examining the predictive relationships between the behavioural and motivational dimensions of character, with reference to academic engagement, career self-doubt and performance of Spanish university students. A total of 183 undergraduates aged 18–30 (142 of whom were women) from the north of Spain completed specific parts of self-report questionnaires, including the Values in Action VIA-72, a Spanish translated and validated version of the Moral Self-Relevance Measure MSR, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Student Scale UWES-S9. The collected data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The behavioural dimension of character (character strength factors of caring, self-control and inquisitiveness) showed positive associations with academic engagement and performance. The motivational dimension of character (phronesis motivation), was negatively related to career self-doubt. For the first time, the present study has provided support for the contribution of both dimensions of character to undergraduate academic outcomes.
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Rosenberg III, Philip J., Jin Ho Yun, Mohammad M. Rahman, Sören Köcher, and Mauro José De Oliveira. "Gooool: motivation drivers of attitudinal and behavioral fan loyalty in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Marketing 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 116–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/remark.v18i4.16386.
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Objective: Football is the predominant sport in Brazil, but a better understanding of what motivates non-football and football fans is needed.Method: A conceptual model is empirically tested of the effects of six motivational drivers-Interest in Team, Socialisation, Aesthetics, Sport Knowledge, Interest in Sport, Vicarious Achievement-on both attitudinal and behavioural fan loyalty using survey data from 483 Brazilian sports fans.Originality/Relevance: a theoretical gap exists as to understanding the unique motivations for Brazilian fan loyalty (Wang, Zhang, Tsuji, 2011) and what drives Brazilian fans to attitudinally commit to a team and exhibit fan-related behaviours, such as attending matches and buying team merchandise.Results: fans of both football and other sports in Brazil share some underlying motivational drivers of attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty. They also indicate that some differences exist across the motivational drivers of attitudinal and behavioural fan loyalty.Theoretical/methodological contributions: Results from this study support previous research into the influence of motivations on attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty and offer insights into the direct influence of different motivations on attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty.Social/management contributions: these findings will assist sports-marketing practitioners of sports competing with football in Brazil to formulate more effective, fan-centric marketing-communication strategies leading to a larger loyal fan base.
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Huang, Arthur, Melissa Farboudi Jahromi, and Julia Marquez. "Customers’ Behavioural Immune System Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A conceptual framework." European Journal of Tourism Research 30 (October 20, 2021): 3015. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v30i.2264.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed various obstacles and restrictions for the tourism and hospitality industry. This paper adopts the concept of the behavioural immune system to discuss tourism and hospitality customers’ potential behaviours during the pandemic and provide business strategies that can address these behaviours. The behavioural immune system is a motivational system that determines individuals’ behaviours to pathogen infection. First, this study introduces the mechanism of the behavioural immune system including environmental evaluation and aversive perception, aversive emotional and cognitive responses, and avoidance behaviours. It also provides examples in the guest service context to better portray the mechanism. Second, the study suggests specific measures for tourism and hospitality businesses that may help them to prevent the aversive and avoidance responses of customers triggered by their behavioural immune system during the pandemic. Then, the study integrates customers’ responses and businesses’ measures in a framework, which extends the literature on customers’ behaviour in the hospitality and tourism context. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time the concept of behavioural immune system is adopted to discuss customers’ behaviours towards tourism and hospitality services during a pandemic.
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Ellis, Sarah LH. "Recognising and assessing feline emotions during the consultation: History, body language and behaviour." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 5 (April 30, 2018): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18771206.
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Practical relevance: Crucial to successful treatment of problem behaviour and optimising the welfare of the individual cat is determining which underpinning emotion(s) are involved in the presentation of the behaviour. Feline emotions are not feelings per se, but motivational-emotional systems that are responsible for instinctual emotional arousal. Often different interventions are required to alleviate different negative emotional motivations. Clinical challenges: Identifying different emotional motivations and the arousal level associated with them solely from observations of behaviour and body language is a difficult task because, as with any species, the behavioural repertoire of the domestic cat is finite and the same behaviour may occur with the activation of different emotional systems. In addition, cats, like people, may experience more than one emotion at the same time or switch quickly between emotional motivations, and this further complicates identification. The behavioural assessment of pain is also notoriously difficult in cats. Evidence base: This review draws on the published literature where available and, where there is a paucity of research, on hypotheses derived from observations of professionals in the field. Global importance: Being able to recognise and assess feline emotional motivations in order to address problem behaviours and improve welfare is important for all veterinarians who see cats.
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Britt, Eileen, and Neville M. Blampied. "Motivational Interviewing Training: A Pilot Study of the Effects on Practitioner and Patient Behaviour." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 38, no. 2 (November 26, 2009): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465809990531.
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Background: While Motivational Interviewing (MI) is effective in reducing client problem behaviours, including health-related behaviours, there is little evidence about how MI training enhances practitioner skills. Aims: The current pilot study addressed this lack by training two health practitioners (Diabetes Nurse Educators) in MI, and evaluated the effect of MI training on both practitioner and patient behaviour when MI was delivered in a clinical settting, with patients experiencing difficulties with diabetes self-management. Methods: Comparisons were made between the practitioners’ skills in a baseline condition (Patient Education; PE) and after training in Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET), a four-session form of MI. At the same time, the effects of the two interventions on patient in-session behaviour were compared. Practitioner and patient data were obtained from transcripts of all PE and MET sessions, which were independently coded using Motivational Interviewing Skills Code therapist and client behaviour counts. Results: Compared with their baseline performance, practitioners, when trained to practice MET, behaved in ways consistent with MI, and this appears to have evoked beneficial in-session behaviour from the patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that the MI training was effective.
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Radovanovic, Bojana. "Altruism in behavioural, motivational and evolutionary sense." Filozofija i drustvo 30, no. 1 (2019): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1901122r.
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This paper discusses the relations between three forms of altruism: behavioural, evolutionary and motivational. Altruism in a behavioural sense is an act that benefits another person. It can range from volunteering to a charity and helping a neighbour, to giving money to a non-profit organisation or donating blood. People often dedicate their material and nonmaterial resources for the benefit of others to gain psychological, social and material benefits for themselves. Thus, their altruistic acts are driven by egoistic motivation. Also, the final goal of an altruistic act may be the increase in the welfare of a group or adherence to a certain moral principle or a social norm. However, at least sometimes, the welfare of others is the ultimate goal of our actions, when our altruistic acts are performed from altruistic motivation. In evolutionary sense, altruism means the sacrifice of reproductive success for the benefit of other organisms. According to evolutionary theories, behaviour which promotes the reproductive success of the receiver at the cost of the actor is favoured by natural selection, because it is either beneficial for the altruist in the long run, or for his genes, or for the group he belongs to. However, altruism among people emerges as a distinctly human combination of innate and learned behaviours. Not only do we benefit the members of our own group, but we are capable of transcending our tribalistic instincts and putting the benefit of strangers at our own personal expense as our ultimate goal.
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Beauchemin, James D., Todd A. Gibbs, Paul F. Granello, and Nicole T. Gabana. "Motivation for movement: Influences for walking event participation." Health Education Journal 78, no. 2 (July 18, 2018): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896918787216.
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Background: There is widespread evidence of the health and wellness benefits associated with moderate physical activity, and lack of engagement with these behaviours remains a significant contributor to the burden of chronic disease in the US adult population. There are clear benefits to identifying motivational factors that facilitate increased personal adherence to physical activity behaviours. Objective: This study explored motivational influences on personal adherence to physical activity by examining the factors related to the behaviours of participants in an organised walking event. Design: Cross-sectional survey involving items for demographic variables, walking habits, perceived wellness, fulfilment of psychological needs, presence of chronic illness and motives for physical activity. Setting: The study sample included participants in a large US Midwestern walking event ( N = 345) across a variety of demographic characteristics. Method: Study participants completed an online survey that gathered information related to personal demographics, behaviours and sources of motivation as measured by the Motives for Physical Activity Measure–Revised scale. This instrument was developed within the context of self-determination theory to measure different motives for implementing behaviours associated with physical activity. Results: Findings revealed different intrinsic (competence, enjoyment and social) and extrinsic (fitness and appearance) motivational influences on participation in walking events that varied based upon demographic characteristics. Conclusion: Motives for participation in walking events, as a mode of health promotion, are influenced by demographic characteristics and health states, and may be relevant for focused efforts to promote engagement with physical activity programming.
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Naar-King, Sylvie. "Motivational Interviewing in Adolescent Treatment." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 56, no. 11 (November 2011): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674371105601103.
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This paper briefly reviews the research literature on motivational interviewing (MI) and behaviour change in adolescents and then discusses the implications of adolescent cognitive and social–emotional developmental processes for the relational and technical components of MI. Research suggests that MI is efficacious in improving substance use in adolescents. Research has been slower to emerge in other behaviours, but available randomized controlled trials suggest that MI has great promise for improving mental and physical health outcomes in this developmental period. The relational and technical components of MI are highly relevant for the adolescent developmental period, and studies have shown that these components are related to outcomes in this population. There are several ways to include MI in clinical interventions for adolescents, ranging from MI in brief settings to using MI as a platform from which all other treatments are offered. Future research is necessary to test the effects of MI in adolescent group settings and the full integration of MI into other adolescent treatment approaches.
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Adebola, Yusuf Abdullahi, and K. T. Omopupa. "Appraisal of motivational strategies on work productivity of library staff in tertiary institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria." Ghana Library Journal 27, no. 2 (November 14, 2022): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/glj.v27i2.3.
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The study aimed to identify various motivational strategies for work productivity and their components on library staff in selected tertiary institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study population comprises all the library staff in five selected University libraries. Total enumeration sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 105 respondents and were collected using a questionnaire. One research question and hypothesis are used with descriptive and inferential statistical tests applied to extract inferences from data. Results revealed that the most challenging task for the managers of a library and information center was to identify the factors which can motivate the library staff. Managers have to understand the behaviour of staff at work as work behaviour is a clear indicator of what their work needs. The results further revealed that library managers made efforts to be satisfied with the various work behaviours of the workers in an organization. It also showed how those behaviours are related to the needs of users they try to satisfy with different motivation strategies in different situations. The study concludes that library staff is proficient in work motivation with a high level of motivation. It also found a significant relationship between motivation and work productivity of library staff. The findings are recommended to library managers and organizations interested in applying motivation strategies and improving workers’ job productivity.
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Szczekala, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Kanadys, Krzysztof Wiktor, and Henryk Wiktor. "Significance of motivational interviewing in public health." Polish Journal of Public Health 128, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2018-0025.
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Abstract Motivational interviewing (MI) is a specific style of communication based on collaboration, aimed at achieving a goal and focused on change talk. This is conducted in an atmosphere of comprehension, acceptance and compassion, being intended to strengthen inner motivation and commitment to attain goals by the search for, and assessment of, the individual’s reasons for change. Change talk may refer to new behaviours, lifestyles or the introduction of treatment adherence. Therefore, it can be a part of health care provider – patient communication. The application of MI contributes to an increase in patients’ concordance and compliance as well as rightness of the therapy prescribed because it heightens an individual’s awareness and eagerness to change and triggers positive thinking, being focused on resources and values. The aim of this article is to familiarise the MI character and present some interesting examples characterised by a diversity of ideas in the overall vision of public health concentrated on health promotion. A non-systematic literature review of the years 2003-2018 on the use of MI in health promotion in PubMed provided evidence of great interest in MI in such contexts as body weight reduction, an increase in physical activity, or coping with risk behaviours e.g. addictions. The aforementioned problems are a major cause of non-communicable diseases. The application of MI results in health behaviour improvement along with increased self-esteem and self-efficacy, inner motivation and willingness to change habits.
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Tangaraja, Gangeswari, Roziah Mohd Rasdi, Maimunah Ismail, and Bahaman Abu Samah. "Fostering knowledge sharing behaviour among public sector managers: a proposed model for the Malaysian public service." Journal of Knowledge Management 19, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2014-0449.
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Purpose – This paper aims to propose a conceptual model of knowledge sharing behaviour among Malaysian public sector managers. Design/methodology/approach – An extensive literature review method was used to identify and analyse relevant literature in order to propose a knowledge sharing model. Findings – The authors identified three potential predictor groups of knowledge sharing behaviour among Malaysian public sector managers. The groups are intrinsic motivational factors, extrinsic motivational factors and organisational socialisation factors. The paper proposes organisational commitment as the mediating variable between the identified predictors and knowledge sharing behaviour (knowledge donating and knowledge collecting). Research limitations/implications – The paper offers a number of propositions, which leads to a knowledge sharing model. Future research should validate and examine the predictive power of the proposed model. Practical implications – Upon model validation, the paper could offer practical interventions for human resource development (HRD) practitioners to assist organisations towards fostering knowledge sharing behaviour. The paper highlights the importance of employee’s organisational commitment in order to engage in organizational-related behaviours such as knowledge sharing. Originality/value – The paper used a new approach in theorising knowledge sharing behaviour by integrating the General Workplace Commitment Model, Self-Determination Theory and Social Capital Theory. The suggestion of public service motivation as one of the intrinsic motivational factors could provide new insights to the HRD practitioners on fostering knowledge sharing behaviour in the public service subject to model validation.
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Lin, Suewei, Bhagyashree Senapati, and Chang-Hui Tsao. "Neural basis of hunger-driven behaviour in Drosophila." Open Biology 9, no. 3 (March 2019): 180259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.180259.
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Hunger is a motivational state that drives eating and food-seeking behaviour. In a psychological sense, hunger sets the goal that guides an animal in the pursuit of food. The biological basis underlying this purposive, goal-directed nature of hunger has been under intense investigation. With its rich behavioural repertoire and genetically tractable nervous system, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as an excellent model system for studying the neural basis of hunger and hunger-driven behaviour. Here, we review our current understanding of how hunger is sensed, encoded and translated into foraging and feeding behaviours in the fruit fly.
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Hryniewicz, Konrad. "Motivation and Action Control in a Saving Lifestyle." WSB Journal of Business and Finance 53, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wsbjbf-2019-0014.
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Abstract The article presents three studies about saving money described as a routine behaviour and a way of life. The results underline the role of perceived risk, benefits and self-efficacy as motivational variables affecting savings and the meaning of strategies in action control that facilitate the intention to save and maintenance of saving behaviour. The mechanisms of control tested were action planning and coping with problems, monitoring of saving behaviour, maintenance of self-efficacy and its recovery after setbacks. The first study, using structural equation modelling, presents the meaning of motivational variables in the prediction of intentions and the mediating role of action control functions in explaining the relationship between intention and savings (N=227). The second study in the experimental arrangement confirms the beneficial influence of the same variables on financial decisions in unforeseen savings opportunities (N=460). The final study shows the beneficial results of a cognitive training session, which was focused on inducing motivation and raising the level of action control in the area of saving. These studies explain the motivation to save and maintenance of saving behaviours, which lead to consistent and sustainable saving actions.
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Gucciardi, Daniel F., Ben Jackson, Sheldon Hanton, and Machar Reid. "Motivational correlates of mentally tough behaviours in tennis." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 18, no. 1 (January 2015): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.11.009.
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Gentle, M. J. "Attentional Shifts Alter Pain Perception in the Chicken." Animal Welfare 10, S1 (February 2001): S187—S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600023617.
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AbstractIn humans, psychological manipulations such as hypnosis, behavioural modifications, relaxation training and cognitive behaviour therapy have all been used to reduce pain intensity. One thing these treatments have in common is selective attention. Work on attention-based cognitive coping strategies has shown that they have potentially useful analgesic qualities in pain therapy. In animals, there have been few studies on the effects of attentional shifts on pain perception. There is extensive literature on stress-induced analgesia and it is likely that, in some of the experiments, attention could be an important variable. This paper will present some of our recent work on selective attention and pain perception using the sodium urate model of gouty arthritis. Birds are naturally prone to articular gout and the model we have developed mimics acute gouty attacks in a single joint. Experimental sodium urate arthritis produces a tonically painful inflammation lasting for at least 3h during which time the animals show pain-related behaviours. Changes in motivation can reduce these pain-related behaviours and it has been hypothesized that these motivational changes act by way of altering the attention of the animal away from pain. The motivational changes investigated included nesting, feeding, exploration and social interactions. The degree of pain suppression ranged from marked hypoalgesia to complete analgesia and as such demonstrates a remarkable ability to suppress tonic pain. These shifts in attention not only reduced pain but also significantly reduced peripheral inflammation. These results are discussed in terms of the limited capacity models of attention.
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Docherty, Barbara, Nicolette Sheridan, and Timothy Kenealy. "Developing Brief Opportunistic Interactions: practitioners facilitate patients to identify and change health risk behaviours at an early preventive stage." Primary Health Care Research & Development 17, no. 04 (November 20, 2015): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423615000511.
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AimTo identify shortcomings in existing models of patient behaviour change, and present the development and testing of a novel approach using practitioner facilitation and person-focussed conversations that identifies and addresses behaviours at an earlier stage than current models.BackgroundSystematic strategies used by health professionals to change patient behaviours began with motivational interviewing and brief intervention approaches for serious addictive behaviours. Practitioners typically presume they should drive the process of patient behaviour change. Attempts to transfer these approaches to primary care, and a broader range of health risk behaviours, have been less successful. The TADS programme (Tobacco, Alcohol and Other Drugs, later Training and Development Services) began teaching motivational interviewing and brief interventions to practitioners in New Zealand in 1996. Formal and informal evaluations showed that practitioners used screening tools that patients rejected and that led to incomplete disclosure, used language that did not engage patients, failed to identify the behaviours patients wished to address and therefore misdirected interventions.MethodsIterative development of new tools with input from patients and primary care clinicians.FindingsThe TADS programme developed a questionnaire whose results remained private to the patient, which enabled the patient to identify personal behaviours that they might choose to change (the TADS Personal Assessment Choice Tool). This was assisted by a brief conversation that facilitated and supported any change prioritised by the patient (the TADS Brief Opportunistic Interaction). The need for this approach, and its effectiveness, appeared to be similar across adults, youth, different ethnic groups and people in different socio-economic circumstances. Behaviours patients identified were often linked to other health risk behaviours or early-stage mental health disorders that were not easily detected by practitioner-driven screening or inquiry. The long-term effectiveness of this approach in different populations in primary health care settings requires further evaluation.
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Eronen, Sanna, and Jari-Erik Nurmi. "Sociometric status of young adults: Behavioural correlates, and cognitive-motivational antecedents and consequences." International Journal of Behavioral Development 25, no. 3 (May 2001): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250042000212.
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A cross-lagged longitudinal study was carried out to investigate whether social reaction styles and loneliness serve as antecedents and consequences of sociometric status among young adults. Behavioural correlates of sociometric status were also studied. Questionnaires measuring sociometric ratings, social reaction styles, loneliness, and group atmosphere were ”lled in by 154 students one week after starting at a new school, then half a year later, and ”nally, one year later. In Measurement 2, the participants’ social behaviour was rated by their classmates. The results indicated that social reaction styles, feelings of loneliness, and satisfaction with the group atmosphere prospectively predicted sociometric status: Popularity, for example, was predicted by a high level of approach orientation. Sociometric status also predicted changes in individuals’ reaction styles and feelings of loneliness. For instance, popularity increased optimism and decreased loneliness. Finally, high sociometric status was related to prosocial behaviours, whereas low sociometric status was associated with behavioural deficiencies.
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Thomas, Robert James, Gareth Reginald Terence White, and Anthony Samuel. "Exploring the motivations to participate in an online brand community: a study of 7–11-year-old children." European Journal of Marketing 55, no. 8 (June 16, 2021): 2308–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2019-0730.
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Purpose The purpose of this research is to understand what motivates 7–11-year-old children to participate in online brand communities (OBCs). Prior research has concentrated on prescriptive product categories (games and gaming), predominantly adolescent groups and the social aspects of community engagement and actual behaviour within communities, rather than the motivations to participate with the OBC. This has ultimately limited what has been gleaned, both theoretically and managerially, from this important segment. Design/methodology/approach An interpretive, longitudinal position is adopted, using a sample of 261 children (113 male and 148 female) from across the UK, using event-based diaries over a 12-month period, generating 2,224 entries. Findings Data indicate that children are motivated to participate in a brand community for four reasons: to support and ameliorate pre-purchase anxieties, resolve interpersonal conflicts, exact social dominance in terms of product ownership and perceptions of product knowledge and to actively engage in digitalised pester power. The study also reveals that certain motivational aspects such as conflict resolution and exacting dominance, are gender-specific. Research limitations/implications Knowledge of children’s motivation to engage with OBCs is important for marketers and brand managers alike as the data reveal markedly different stimuli when compared to known adult behaviours in the field. Given the nature of the study, scope exists for significant future research. Practical implications The study reveals behaviours that will assist brand managers in further understanding the complex and untraditional relationships that children have with brands and OBCs. Originality/value This study makes a novel examination of a hitherto little-explored segment of consumers. In doing so, it uncovers the theoretical and practical characteristics of child consumers that contemporary, adult-focussed literature does not recognise. The paper makes an additional contribution to theory by positing four new behavioural categories relating to community engagement – dependers, defusers, demanders and dominators – and four new motivational factors which are fundamentally different from adult taxonomies – social hegemony, parental persuasion, dilemma solving and conflict resolution.
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Bako, Zinas Zachariah, and Mahmud Mohd Jusan. "Housing Floor Finishes Choice-Behaviours and Motivations." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 2, no. 3 (April 1, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v2i3.192.
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The quality of finishes of housing space is imperative for the achievement of a qualitative living environment. This paper presents a part of the findings of housing interior finishes choices – behaviour and motivation among prospective house owners in Nigeria. The study was conducted within the methodological and conceptual frameworks of Means-End Chain (MEC) and Stated Housing Preference and Housing Choice (SHPHC) models. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were used to generate data which were content analysed. The results showed that 71.95% of the respondents preferred ceramic tiled floor finishes as the various motivational factors. Further research in housing interior finishes choice motivation is required.
Keywords: means-end chain, laddering, stated housing preference and housing choice, housing interior finishes
© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Nardi-Rodríguez, Ainara, María Ángeles Pastor-Mira, Sofía López-Roig, Lidia Pamies-Aubalat, Fermín Martínez-Zaragoza, and Victoria A. Ferrer-Pérez. "Predicting Abusive Behaviours in Spanish Adolescents’ Relationships: Insights from the Reasoned Action Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031441.
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(1) Background: Partner violence prevention programmes do not produce the expected behavioural changes. Accordingly, experts suggest applying evidence-based behavioural models to identify the determinants of abusive behaviours. In this research, we applied the reasoned action approach (RAA) to predict the performance (boys) and acceptance (girls) of abusive behaviours in adolescents. (2) Method: We designed a questionnaire based on the RAA and performed a cross-sectional study. We analysed the predictive capacity of the RAA constructs on intentions with the sample of single adolescents (n = 1112). We replicated the analysis only with those who were in a relationship (n = 587) and in addition analysed the predictive capacity of intention on future behaviour (3 months later). (3) Results: The hierarchical regression analysis performed with the sample of single adolescents showed that the model explained 56% and 47% of the variance of boys’ intentions to perform the controlling and devaluing behaviours, respectively; and 62% and 33% of girls’ intention to accept them. With those in a relationship, the model explained 60% and 53% of the variance of boys’ intentions to perform the controlling and devaluating behaviour, respectively, and 70% and 38% of girls’ intention to accept them. Intention exerted direct effects on boys’ performance of controlling and devaluing behaviours (31% and 34% of explained variance, respectively) and on girls’ acceptance (30% and 7%, respectively). (4) Conclusions: The RAA seems useful to identify the motivational determinants of abusive behaviours, regardless of adolescents´ relationship status, and for their prediction. Perceived social norms emerge as a relevant predictor on which to intervene to produce behavioural changes with both sexes.
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Haugen, Tommy, Jan F. Riesen, Ketil Østrem, Rune Høigaard, and Martin K. Erikstad. "The Relationship between Motivational Climate and Personal Treatment Satisfaction among Young Soccer Players in Norway: The Moderating Role of Supportive Coach-Behaviour." Sports 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8120162.
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Motivational climate and coach-behaviour seem important to understand sport involvement and participation. However, less is known about the potential interaction between these facets, and how it relates to athlete satisfaction. This study’s purpose is to examine the relationship between the perceived motivational climate, supportive coach-behaviour, and athletes’ personal treatment satisfaction among young soccer players. More specifically, we investigated the moderating effect of supportive coach-behaviour on the relationship between motivational climate and personal treatment satisfaction. Five hundred and thirty-two players (Mean age = 15.4 years, SD = 1.2) attending a Norwegian national soccer tournament participated in the study. Self-completion questionnaires were used to attain data. A linear regression analysis revealed that mastery of climate and supportive coach-behaviour were positively associated with personal treatment satisfaction. A negative association was found between performance climate and personal treatment satisfaction. Further, moderation analyses revealed that supportive coach-behaviour moderated the relationship between performance climate and personal treatment satisfaction. The findings indicate that a performance climate may not be as maladaptive when coaches provide supportive behaviour. The findings highlight the value of a further examination of the interaction between motivational climate and coaching behaviours, and its potential relations to young athlete’s sport experience.
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Brug, Johannes, Stef P. Kremers, Frank van Lenthe, Kylie Ball, and David Crawford. "Environmental determinants of healthy eating: in need of theory and evidence." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 67, no. 3 (August 2008): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665108008616.
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In order to promote healthful nutrition, insight is needed into the determinants of nutrition behaviours. Behavioural determinant research and behavioural nutrition interventions have focused mostly on individual-level motivational factors. It has been argued that the individual's socio-cultural and physical environments may be the main determinants of nutrition behaviours. However, the theoretical basis and empirical evidence for environmental determinants of nutrition behaviours are not strong. The present paper is a narrative review informed by a series of systematic reviews and recent original studies on associations between environmental factors and nutrition behaviours to provide an overview and discussion of the evidence for environmental correlates and predictors of nutrition behaviour. Although the number of studies on potential environmental determinants of nutrition behaviours has increased steeply over the last decades, they include only a few well-designed studies with validated measures and guided by sound theoretical frameworks. The preliminary evidence from the available systematic reviews indicates that socio-cultural environmental factors defining what is socially acceptable, desirable and appropriate to eat may be more important for healthful eating than physical environments that define the availability and accessibility of foods. It is concluded that there is a lack of well-designed studies on environmental determinants of healthful eating behaviours. Preliminary evidence indicates that social environmental factors may be more important than physical environmental factors for healthful eating. Better-designed studies are needed to further build evidence-based theory on environmental determinants to guide the development of interventions to promote healthful eating.
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Brinson, David, Mark Wallace-Bell, Ray Kirk, and Andrew Hornblow. "Buddy-motivational interviewing (buddy-MI) to Increase Physical Activity in Community Settings: Results of a Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial." Motivational Interviewing: Training, Research, Implementation, Practice 1, no. 3 (January 13, 2015): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/mitrip.2014.49.
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This article describes the implementation and evaluation of a novel buddy-Motivational Interviewing intervention intended to help apparently healthy but relatively sedentary adults to adopt and maintain regular physical activity for health and fitness. This intervention is an adaptation of Motivational Interviewing which adds client-selected motivational-buddies who can provide in-session input as well as ongoing out-of-session support focused on strengthening client’s motivation for and movement toward their physical activity goals. A pragmatic parallel-group randomised controlled trial with 12-month follow-up was implemented to test the intervention. The trial demonstrated that buddy-MI was feasible and could be delivered with equivalent fidelity to standard MI and both groups demonstrated statistically significant changes across a range of behavioural and health-status outcomes. Moreover, the experimental group participants generally ‘outperformed’ the control group participants as shown by the consistent trends observed over three repeated measures out to 12-months (although these between-group differences were statistically non-significant). Qualitative data indicated participant acceptance of the programme as well as providing initial evidence of positive collateral health effects (‘ripple effects’ whereby buddies changed their behaviours also). Consideration for further development, evaluation and applications are also discussed.
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Russell, Douglas, and Racquel Warner. "Motivational intermediaries of self-regulation among university students." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 9, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 448–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-08-2015-0062.
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Purpose The concept of self-regulated learning (SRL) has become increasingly important in higher educational institutes seeking to provide students with a holistic education. It is important for students entering, and faculty within higher education, to understand whether future time perspective (FTP) or self-efficacy is more predictive of self-regulation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Through the use convenience sampling, data were collected via an online survey from 130 undergraduate students attending universities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Data were analysed using regression analysis and inferential measures identifying themes in participants study habits in order to examine whether it is FTP or self-efficacy that more strongly predicts SRL behaviours. Findings Results suggest that self-efficacy is a much stronger predictor of SRL in undergraduate students than goal setting, as measured by FTP. Student’s most deficient SRL behaviours related to reading and comprehension of texts prescribed across modules. Research limitations/implications Due to the fact that only an adjusted 33 per cent of self-regulation was predicted by the two variables under consideration, researchers are encouraged to identify further variables that may predict students SRL. Practical implications This paper seeks to support both students and faculty in how to draw on SRL in order to optimize students’ success in higher education. Originality/value The current research supports the identification of learning behaviours specific to branch campuses in a Middle-Eastern context.
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Beckman, Maria, Benjamin Bohman, Lars Forsberg, Finn Rasmussen, and Ata Ghaderi. "Supervision in Motivational Interviewing: An Exploratory Study." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 45, no. 4 (March 20, 2017): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246581700011x.
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Background: Although supervision is believed to be an important strategy for training practitioners in evidence-based practice, little is known about how it should be organized and conducted to promote implementation fidelity. Aims: To explore supervisor behaviours that might facilitate supervisees’ proficiency in motivational interviewing. Method: In this exploratory study, ten supervisors from a primary prevention intervention of childhood obesity responded to semi-structured interviews about their supervision behaviours. A mixed method approach was used; both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed. Results: The supervisors reported using several sources of information for evaluating and providing systematic feedback on supervisees’ performance. However, the majority did not use the available objective measures of proficiency as the primary source. Moreover, half of the supervisors argued that objective feedback might have a punishing effect on the supervisees. Conclusions: Variation in the use of supervision components that previous research has proposed to be potentially influential to the process and outcome may lead to less efficient supervision. Findings suggest that appropriate supervision activities conducted in each supervision session require clear supervision principles that specify the content and procedure of the supervision, as well as regular adherence monitoring of the supervision sessions.
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Mussap, Alexander J. "Motivational processes associated with unhealthy body change attitudes and behaviours." Eating Behaviors 8, no. 3 (August 2007): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.12.001.
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Roos, Michael, Jessica Reale, and Frederik Banning. "A value-based model of job performance." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): e0262430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262430.
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This agent-based model contributes to a theory of corporate culture in which company performance and employees’ behaviour result from the interaction between financial incentives, motivational factors and endogenous social norms. Employees’ personal values are the main drivers of behaviour. They shape agents’ decisions about how much of their working time to devote to individual tasks, cooperative, and shirking activities. The model incorporates two aspects of the management style, analysed both in isolation and combination: (i) monitoring efforts affecting intrinsic motivation, i.e. the company is either trusting or controlling, and (ii) remuneration schemes affecting extrinsic motivation, i.e. individual or group rewards. The simulations show that financial incentives can (i) lead to inefficient levels of cooperation, and (ii) reinforce value-driven behaviours, amplified by emergent social norms. The company achieves the highest output with a flat wage and a trusting management. Employees that value self-direction highly are pivotal, since they are strongly (de-)motivated by the management style.
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Ambrose-Oji, Bianca, Alice Goodenough, Julie Urquhart, Clare Hall, and Berglind Karlsdóttir. "‘We’re Farmers Not Foresters’: Farmers’ Decision-Making and Behaviours towards Managing Trees for Pests and Diseases." Forests 13, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071030.
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Policy makers are challenged to find ways of influencing and supporting land manager behaviours and actions to deal with the impacts of increasing pressure from tree pests and diseases. This paper investigates attitudes and behaviours of farmers towards managing trees on farmland for pests and diseases. Data collection with farmers included deliberative workshops and semi-structured interviews. Data were thematically analyzed using the COM-B (Capacity/Opportunity/Motivation-Behaviour) model to understand the drivers of farmer behaviour for tree health. Results suggested farmers had some knowledge, experience and skills managing trees, but they did not recognize this capacity. Social norms and networks impacted the context of opportunity to act for tree health, along with access to trusted advice and labour, and the costs associated with management action. Motivational factors such as self-efficacy, perceived benefits of acting, personal interest and sense of agency were impacted by farmers’ self-identity as food producers. The COM-B model also provides a framework for identifying intervention design through a Behaviour Change Wheel. This suggests that enhancing self-efficacy supported by the right kind of advice and guidance, framed and communicated in farmers’ terms and brokered by appropriate knowledge intermediaries, seems critical to building action amongst different farmer types and attitudinal groups.
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Haken, Hermann, and Juval Portugali. "A synergetic perspective on urban scaling, urban regulatory focus and their interrelations." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 8 (August 2019): 191087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191087.
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By means of rich data, studies on urban scaling suggested that many urban properties scale with city size in universal ways. A recent study suggested an explanation why the behaviour of citizens in small and large cities differs qualitatively, by deriving the urban agents' behaviour from an extended version of Higgins’ regulatory focus theory regarding humans' motivational system. Based on several sets of laboratory experiments, this study demonstrated that urban context of large, fast-paced cities and that of small slow-paced cities encourage two distinctively different motivations and behaviours on the part of their inhabitants. What remains an open question following the above study, however, is the way these behavioural reactions are related to the dynamics of cities as complex, adaptive, self-organization systems. The aim of the present paper is to answer this open question. It does so from the theoretical perspective of Synergetics and its application to the domain of cities by means of synergetic inter-representation networks , information adaptation and their conjunction. From this conjunction, the paper suggests a theoretical interpretation associated with a mathematical model that links the theoretical framework to the empirical findings.
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Kreitler, Shulamith, and Hans Kreitler. "Cognitive orientation and physical disease or health." European Journal of Personality 5, no. 2 (April 1991): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410050205.
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This paper deals with a new approach to physical disease and health based on the theory of cognitive orientation (CO) (Kreitler and Kreitler, 1976, 1982). It presents an outline of the theory which is a comprehensive cognitive‐motivational model of behaviour describing how cognitive contents and processes bring about the elicitation of behaviour. The theory generated a methodology for the prediction of behaviour that has been applied in different domains ofhealth psychology. Studies are described dealing with behaviours affecting health (quitting smoking, smoking, overeating, undergoing examinations for the early detection of breast cancer), behaviours of the individual in the role of sick person (hospitalization for safeguarding pregnancy, getting information on a cancer ward), aetiologies of physiopathologies (coronary heart disease, diabetes, vaginal infections) and disorders (menstrual and sexual disorders, and infertility in women), recovery and rehabilitation (from chronic pain, and following MI), and general health orientation. Finally, the outlines of an emergent CO model of physiopathology are presented, specifying how cognitions affect health, and in which sense the processes involved in physiopathology resemble and differ from those involved in the elicitation of overt behaviours.
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Ginane, C., M. Bonnet, R. Baumont, and D. K. Revell. "Feeding behaviour in ruminants: a consequence of interactions between a reward system and the regulation of metabolic homeostasis." Animal Production Science 55, no. 3 (2015): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14481.
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Feeding behaviour, through both diet selection and food intake, is the predominant way that an animal attempts to fulfil its metabolic requirements and achieve homeostasis. In domestic herbivores across the wide range of production practices, voluntary feed intake is arguably the most important factor in animal production, and a better understanding of systems involved in intake regulation can have important practical implications in terms of performance, health and welfare. In this review, we provide a conceptual framework that highlights the critical involvement and interconnections of two major regulatory systems of feeding behaviour: the reward and the homeostatic systems. A review of the literature on ruminants and rodents provides evidence that feeding behaviour is not only shaped by homeostatic needs but also by hedonic and motivational incentives associated with foods through experiences and expectations of rewards. The different brain structures and neuronal/hormonal pathways involved in these two regulatory systems is evidence of their different influences on feeding behaviours that help explain deviation from behaviour based solely on satisfying nutritional needs, and offers opportunities to influence feeding motivation to meet applied goals in livestock production. This review further highlights the key contribution of experience in the short (behavioural learning) and long term (metabolic learning), including the critical role of fetal environment in shaping feeding behaviour both directly by food cue–consequence pairings and indirectly via modifications of metabolic functioning, with cascading effects on energy balance and body reserves and, consequently, on feeding motivation.
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Todorova, Nelly, and Annette M. Mills. "Why do People Share?" International Journal of Knowledge Management 14, no. 3 (July 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkm.2018070101.
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Organisations invest heavily in knowledge management technologies and initiatives which are entirely dependent on the willingness of employees to share their knowledge. Educational and reward programs need to be informed by an understanding of what motivates people to share their knowledge at work. Prior research based on motivational theories suggests the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators to encourage voluntary pro-social behaviours such as knowledge sharing. However, the literature on motivation in the context of knowledge sharing is still emerging and fragmented. This article therefore proposes an integrated model that brings together theoretical insights from motivational research to explain the influence of key intrinsic and extrinsic motivators on knowledge sharing. The article reports the results of the assessment of the model based on data collected across 10 organisations. The discussion of results contributes to the understanding of motivational factors influencing attitude and intention to share knowledge and their relative importance.
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Tappin, David M., Caroline McKay, Doreen McIntyre, W. Harper Gilmour, Stephanie Cowan, Fiona Crawford, Fionnulagh Currie, and Mary Ann Lumsden. "A PRACTICAL INSTRUMENT TO DOCUMENT THE PROCESS OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 28, no. 1 (January 2000): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800000035.
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Motivational interviewing is a client centred behavioural therapy for addictive behaviours. It is an intervention designed to help all addicts, not just those ready to change. It is therefore suitable for use as an opportunistic intervention for clients whose main reason for contact may not be their addiction. A pilot randomized controlled trial of home-based motivational interviewing by a specially trained midwife to help pregnant smokers reduce their habit was performed in Glasgow from February 1997 to January 1998. Did motivational interviewing take place? All 171 counselling interviews from 48 intervention clients were audio-taped. Forty-nine interviews from 13 randomly selected clients were transcribed for content analysis. A rating scale established for feedback to trainee psychologists was used by three experienced analysts. Thirty-two interviews were scored independently to validate the rating scale in this setting. More than 75% of interviews showed satisfactory motivational interviewing. Therapist utterances were motivational, and client responses included many self-motivational statements. Few episodes of client resistance were recorded. Rating took 160 mins per half hour interview. This instrument provided a valid measure of intervention quality for a randomized controlled trial. It would not be practical to document process outside a research environment.
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Gudmann Knutsson, Sophie, Therese Asplund, Gunnar Höst, and Konrad J. Schönborn. "Public Perceptions of Waste Management in Sri Lanka: A Focus Group Study." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 12960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132312960.
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The prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse of waste is promoted by the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, but many countries lack both necessary resources and infrastructure for sound waste management. While literature pinpoints the need for an engaged public and suggests a range of factors and supportive actions that may impact citizens’ waste behaviour, qualitative in-depth studies for engaging in waste management practices remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate perceptions of waste management and underlying behaviours for waste practices in the context of household waste management in Sri Lanka. Six focus group interviews were held with 23 residents across 6 regions in Sri Lanka. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed perceptions of four waste management systems, together with five motivational aspects of waste practices in urban, suburban, and rural areas. The analysis further considers how the motivational aspects are interlinked with practices within citizens’ perceived systems. In addition to the novel thematic contribution to the field, the findings can be used as a foundation to inform strategies to communicate with selected target audiences about their local challenges for sustainable waste management practices, in an attempt to influence citizen behaviours.
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Dartey-Baah, Kwasi, and Seth Ayisi Addo. "Psychological identification with job: a leadership-OCB mediator." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 548–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-10-2017-1262.
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Purpose This study aims to examine influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles on employees’ organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs), as well as the mediating role of job involvement in the Ghanaian hospitality industry. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered from 258 employees in some selected hotels and restaurants in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana through a survey and analysed using covariance-based structural equation modelling. Findings The results indicated that both leadership styles influenced employees’ OCBs positively. Furthermore, job involvement positively influenced OCB and mediated between transformational leadership and OCB but not between transactional leadership and employees’ OCBs. Practical implications The study reaffirms the importance of employees’ OCBs and recommends that hotels and restaurants must encourage their supervisors to exhibit more transformational leadership behaviours (motivational, inspirational and visionary behaviours), as well as a combination of transformational and transactional leadership behaviours which can influence their employees to go beyond formal requirements, and get more involved in their jobs to the benefit of the organisations. Originality/value This study reveals the extent to which internal motivations of employees, specifically their job involvement, causes their extra-role behaviours and influences the leaders–OCB relationships from a developing country perspective.
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Khiat, Henry, and Silke Vogel. "A self-regulated learning management system: Enhancing performance, motivation and reflection in learning." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 19, no. 2 (April 9, 2022): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.19.2.4.
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Practising self-regulated learning is essential in one’s lifelong learning journey. As educators, we can assist our students to regulate their learning effectively, whether this is in an online learning environment or any other. However, many factors affect how well learners regulate their learning. Research reveals that self-regulated learning practices vary and warrant further exploration. This study specifically investigates how the guided practice of self-regulated learning behaviour affects learning in the online learning environment. To guide students in managing their learning more effectively, an automated self-regulated learning management system was developed. The system assists students in practising the cognitive, meta-cognitive and motivational aspects of self-regulated learning. 155 postgraduate students in two online healthcare-related courses were randomly selected to be involved in the study. Trace data from the self-regulated learning management system was used to triangulate the students’ self-reports in relation to their self-regulated learning behaviours. Non-parametric statistical tests were used in the analysis. Findings indicate that the use of the self-regulated learning management system facilitated and aided students in practising more effective self-regulated learning behaviours thus impacting positively on learning motivation and metacognitive reflection. However, its effect is inconclusive in relation to academic performance. In summary, positive changes were made to their self-regulated learning behaviours and these subsequently improved their self-regulation and related outcomes.
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Sevil-Serrano, Javier, Ángel Abós, Sergio Diloy-Peña, Pedro L. Egea, and Luis García-González. "The Influence of the Coach’s Autonomy Support and Controlling Behaviours on Motivation and Sport Commitment of Youth Soccer Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 8699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168699.
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The coach is one of the most influential agents in the sport commitment of youth players. Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), numerous studies have examined the influence of the coach’s autonomy-supportive behaviours on athletes’ motivation. However, fewer studies have examined the influence of the coach’s controlling behaviours. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the influence of young soccer players’ perception of their coach’s autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviours on the satisfaction and frustration of their basic psychological needs (BPN) and sport commitment. A total of 203 soccer players (86% boys), aged 10–19 years (M = 14.88; SD = 1.54) participated. Coach autonomy support positively predicted BPN satisfaction which, in turn, positively explained sport commitment. Coach intimidation behaviours positively predicted BPN frustration, which, in turn, negatively explained sport commitment. In cross-relationships, autonomy support negatively explained BPN frustration, while intimidation behaviours and the controlling use of rewards negatively predicted BPN satisfaction. To conclude, these results suggest that it is important for the coach not only to support autonomy, but also to avoid the use of controlling behaviours, especially intimidation and controlling use of rewards, because of their influence on the motivational processes and sport commitment of youth soccer players.
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Kim, Youngseek, and Sujin Kim. "Institutional, Motivational, and Resource Factors Influencing Health Scientists' Data-Sharing Behaviours." Journal of Scholarly Publishing 46, no. 4 (July 2015): 366–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jsp.46.4.05.
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Hahn, Amanda C., Claire I. Fisher, Lisa M. DeBruine, and Benedict C. Jones. "Sex ratio influences the motivational salience of facial attractiveness." Biology Letters 10, no. 6 (June 2014): 20140148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0148.
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The sex ratio of the local population influences mating-related behaviours in many species. Recent experiments show that male-biased sex ratios increase the amount of financial resources men will invest in potential mates, suggesting that sex ratios influence allocation of mating effort in humans. To investigate this issue further, we tested for effects of cues to the sex ratio of the local population on the motivational salience of attractiveness in own-sex and opposite-sex faces. We did this using an effort-based key-press task, in which the motivational salience of facial attractiveness was assessed in samples of faces in which the ratio of male to female images was manipulated. The motivational salience of attractive opposite-sex, but not own-sex, faces was greater in the own-sex-biased (high competition for mates) than in the opposite-sex-biased (low competition for mates) condition. Moreover, this effect was not modulated by participant sex. These results present new evidence that sex ratio influences human mating-related behaviours. They also present the first evidence that the perceived sex ratio of the local population may modulate allocation of mating effort in women, as well as men.
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Bräuer, Juliane. "I do not understand but I care." Coordination, Collaboration and Cooperation 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2015): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.16.3.01bra.
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Prosocial behaviour benefits another individual and occurs voluntarily. It may have a cognitive and a motivational component. The actor who benefits a recipient – for example by solving her/his problem (1) must recognize the recipient’s goal and understand how to fulfil it and (2) has to be motivated to support the recipient. In the current paper I will review recent studies on prosocial behavior in dogs and I will compare them to studies with primates. I will address the cognitive and motivational skills required for the actor in order to support the recipient. I conclude that dogs and also chimpanzees display a number of prosocial behaviours, but there are remarkable differences. In contrast to humans, which have an outstanding biological predisposition to benefit others, dogs and chimpanzees only do so under certain conditions.
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Uludağ, Elanur, and Betül Mumcu. "The effects of cultural and emotional intelligence on care in nursing." HEALTH SCIENCES QUARTERLY 3, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26900/hsq.1721.
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This study was conducted to find out the effects of cultural intelligence, which is one of the strategies used in managing intercultural differences, and emotional intelligence which enables individuals to understand and manage their own emotions, to understand others’ emotions and develop their self-confidence, on care behaviour, which is the basis of the nursing profession. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in a city hospital between 01.09.2019 and 01.03.2020. The data were collected from nurses in the hospital who volunteered to participate in the study within the dates above. The sample was not selected, and 225 nurses who volunteered to participate in the study were included in the study. The total mean score of the participants from the cultural intelligence scale was 47.558±12.092, while the full scores from the factors were 7.9208±2.857 (min 4-max 20) for metacognitive factor, 15.963±4.89 (min 6-max 30) for cognitive aspect, 12.004±3.656 (min 5-max 25) for motivational factor and as 11.821±3.493 (min 5-max 25) for behavioural factor. The total mean score of the participants from the Caring Behaviors Inventory was 5.053±0.819, while the total scores from the factors were 5.045±0.823 for the assurance factor, 5.208±1.240 for the knowledge and skill factor, 4.994±0.831 for respectful factor and 4.949±0.842 for connectedness factor. The total mean score of the participants from the Emotional Intelligence Scale was 141.367±18.656, while the full scores from the factors were 44.563±5.96 for optimism/mood regulation, 18.940±4.15 for the use of emotions and 33.493±7.565 for evaluation of emotions. Cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence were found to have an effect on caring behaviours of nurses. Although there was no direct significant correlation between cultural intelligence total score and caring behaviours total score, there was a significant correlation between cultural intelligence factors and caring behaviours. There was a significant correlation between caring behaviours of nurses with high emotional intelligence.
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Bard, Alison M., David C. J. Main, Anne M. Haase, Helen R. Whay, and Kristen K. Reyher. "Veterinary communication can influence farmer Change Talk and can be modified following brief Motivational Interviewing training." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): e0265586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265586.
Full textAbstract:
Current veterinary communication skills training often focuses on the strategies necessary to successfully transfer information and promote shared decision making rather than inspiring client motivation to engage in behaviour change(s). One evidence-based communication methodology with a specific focus on enhancing conversations about change is Motivational Interviewing (MI), which is perceived by veterinarians to be highly relevant to their profession. We examined whether veterinarians who experienced brief (4–5 hours) MI training (BMIT) were able to change their communication behaviours to be more MI consistent. Fourteen veterinarians recorded 31 veterinary herd health consultations before (n = 15) and after (n = 16) BMIT to allow pre-post intervention analysis of veterinarian and farmer verbal behaviour. Additionally, using a sequential linguistic analysis of 3885 veterinarian-farmer communication events within these consultations, the influence of veterinarians’ verbal behaviours on farmers’ response language was explored. Analysis of veterinary consultations undertaken before and after BMIT revealed that veterinarians changed their communication style to be more consistent with the MI methodology, including more use of reflection statements, a more empathic and partnership-oriented consultation style and greater emphasis on clients’ own language in favour of change goals. In response, farmers contributed more to the conversation and discussed more herd health-related changes. Sequential linguistic analysis suggested that following a veterinarian emphasising something positive about the farmer (e.g. efforts, strengths), seeking collaboration or emphasising farmer choice, farmers were subsequently more likely to express arguments in favour of change (‘Change Talk’), especially phrases indicative of commitment. This study offers the first evidence of the potential value of a BMIT experience to enhance veterinary communication skills, although conscious and disciplined use of MI principles, strategies and Spirit–an ethos of compassion, acceptance, partnership and evocation—requires longer and more complex training. Further studies examining the longevity and consistency of these verbal behaviour changes following BMIT are required.
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Alegre-Zurano, Laia, Raúl López-Arnau, Miguel Á. Luján, Jordi Camarasa, and Olga Valverde. "Cannabidiol Modulates the Motivational and Anxiety-Like Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158304.
Full textAbstract:
3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a new psychoactive substance (NPS) and the most widespread and life-threatening synthetic cathinone of the “bath salts”. Preclinical research has proven the cocaine-like psychostimulant effects of MDPV and its potential for abuse. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid that has emerged as a new potential treatment for drug addiction. Here, we tested the effects of CBD (20 mg/kg) on MDPV (2 mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference and MDPV (0.05 and 0.075 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration paradigms. In addition, we assessed the effects of the co-administration of CBD and MDPV (3 and 4 mg/kg) on anxiety-like behaviour using the elevated plus maze (EPM). CBD mitigated the MDPV-induced conditioned place preference. On the contrary, CBD administration throughout the MDPV (0.075 mg/kg/infusion) self-administration increased drug-seeking and taking behaviours, but only in the high-responders group of mice. Furthermore, CBD exerted anxiolytic-like effects, exclusively in MDPV-treated mice. Taken together, our results indicate that CBD modulation of MDPV-induced motivational responses in mice varies depending on the requirements of the learning task, resulting in a complex response. Therefore, further research attempting to decipher the behavioural and molecular interactions between CBD and MDPV is needed.
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Hall, Clare. "Gender and boys' singing in early childhood." British Journal of Music Education 22, no. 1 (March 2005): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051704005960.
Full textAbstract:
This article derives from a research project investigating the singing behaviour of a group of Australian boys in their first year of school. The project showed that the genesis of the ‘missing male’ trend in singing at school may be occurring in early childhood. The impact of hegemonic masculinity in early childhood is explored here by examining the intersection between this group of boys' perceptions of masculinity and their singing behaviours. Peer modelling was found to be an effective motivational ‘tool’ for improving singing behaviour and illustrates the importance of finding strategies to support boys' success in singing long before adolescence.