Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Motivational Behaviours'
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Morgan, Kevin. "Effects of teaching behaviours on motivational processes in physical education." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7578.
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This thesis comprises of a collection of four research studies in the area of motivational climate in physical education (PE). In the first study, a computer based observational measure of the teaching behaviours that influence motivational climate (TARGET) was developed and the degree of congruence between the observational measure and pupils' and teachers' subjective perceptions of the motivational climate was evaluated. Results revealed mastery and performance involving teaching behaviours, congruency between teaching behaviours and subjective perceptions of the climate, and significant differences between teachers' and pupils' perceptions of the motivational climate. The second study further validated the measure of teaching behaviours by comparing teacher behaviours and pupils' perceptions of the motivational climate in a cross-cultural study. Results indicated significantly higher levels of performance involving teaching behaviours and higher levels of a perceived performance climate in Singapore compared to the UK. Based on findings related to the authority structure in the cross-cultural study, the third study examined the effects of different teaching styles on the TARGET behaviours and pupils' focus group responses in PE lessons in the UK. Results revealed that pupil-centred teaching styles resulted in more mastery involving teaching behaviours and more adaptive motivational responses than the more teacher-centred style. Based on these findings, the final study instigated a mastery intervention programme for teacher education based on self-observation of filmed PE lessons and evaluated its effect on the TARGET behaviours, pupils' perceptions of the motivational climate and cognitive and affective responses. The mastery intervention programme was successful in fostering more mastery involving teaching behaviours. Contrary to the hypothesis, pupils' perceptions of the motivational climate were more performance involved post-intervention, which may have been due to the public nature of the recognition and evaluation of effort and improvement (mastery coded). Further, results revealed that low affect pupils significantly increased their cognitive and affective responses from pre- to post-intervention.
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Campbell, Samadhi Deva. "Process of Motivational Enhancement Therapy: Relationships between Therapist and Client Behaviours, and Alcohol Use Outcome." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1414.
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Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based, directive, client-centered therapy designed to develop discrepancy and resolve ambivalence by eliciting and reinforcing client Change Talk. However, the exact link between the process engaged in during MI and outcome is only starting to be uncovered. The present thesis has replicated and expanded on the current knowledge of the relationship between Therapist and Client Behaviours during a MI-based intervention (Motivational Enhancement Therapy; MET) and outcome, and has provided support for the emergent theory of the inner workings of MI. This was achieved by coding 106 audiotaped MET sessions primarily by the methods outlined in the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code Version 2.0. Data was drawn from 28 participants who received 3-4 sessions of MET within the context of a randomised controlled trial for mild-moderate alcohol dependence at the Community Alcohol and Drug Service of Christchurch. Therapist and Client Behaviours were analysed within sessions (categorised into Early, Mid, or End Intervals) and across sessions, and compared with whether the client had drank within national drinking guidelines during the 6-months after MET (Controlled Drinkers). In terms of Client Behaviours during MET it was found that Uncontrolled Drinkers (compared with Controlled Drinkers) uttered a significantly higher frequency of Sustain Talk, lower Ability Language strength (over all MET and during End Intervals), and lower Commitment Language strength (during Session 2 and 4, and change over MET). Giving Information was the only Therapist Behaviour where significant differences were observed over all MET, with a higher frequency given to the Uncontrolled Drinkers. However, during End Intervals within MET Sessions, Controlled Drinkers received a significantly higher frequency of Advise without Permission and a lower frequency of Emphasise Control statements. In most instances MI-Consistent Therapist Behaviours were associated with higher strength of Ability and Commitment Language, and a lower frequency of Sustain Talk. MI-Inconsistent Therapist Behaviour, Direct, was associated with lower Client Language strength. Limitations to these results include small sample, limited ability to make inferences about causality, coder biases, and uneven reliability. However, this exploratory study was unique in investigating the relationship between Therapist Behaviours and the strength of Client Language, and in examining these factors within and across multiple sessions, and has produced a number of potentially valuable findings that warrant further investigation.
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Higgins, Stephen. "Army adventurous training and the internalisation of core values : how leadership behaviours affect the internalisation of motivational regulations." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/army-adventurous-training-and-the-internalisation-of-core-values-how-leadership-behaviours-affect-the-internalisation-of-motivational-regulations(fe2c0b2d-c0a8-4c4e-90a9-196551a47df6).html.
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Adventurous Training (AT) within Army Phase One organisations is used to assist in the development of British Army recruit core values . This study measured the internalisation of British Army recruit core values during the AT week at two separate Phase One training organisations. A pre-test, post-test design was used to evaluate recruit (n = 302) motivational internalisation of core values during a structured 5-day training week, where recruits undertook a mixture of rock climbing, caving, canoeing, kayaking, and hill walking activities, and were required to complete tasks in unfamiliar and challenging environmental conditions. Reflecting the influence of the training, Bonferroni corrected, pair-samples, ttests conducted on the Relative Autonomy Index were significant for the motivational internalisation of All core values and four of the six independent core values (Selfless Commitment, Courage, Loyalty and Respect for Others). Further examination at external, introjected and integrated regulations additionally revealed significant results for all core values with the AT week appearing to have the most robust effect on introjected regulation. A second hypothesis was concerned with the effects of the leadership of AT instructors in developing recruit core values and asked specifically whether high levels of transformational leadership behaviours were associated with an enhanced internalisation of core values. Fifty nine instructors took part in the study and four transformational leadership behaviours were hypothesised to be associated with greater gains in the internalisation of all core values. Analyses revealed mixed results regarding individual transformational leadership behaviours; however, individual consideration was found to be the most significant behaviour. The implications for training developments are discussed.
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Varazzani, Chiara. "Motivation and behavioural energization : exploring the motivational brain in the reward/effort tradeoff." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB116.
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Choisir entre l'action ou l'inaction est peut-être le type de décision le plus critique auquel un animal peut faire face. Une formalisation simple de ces choix consiste à évaluer les bénéfices attendus (nourriture, argent par exemple) ainsi que les coûts (punitions, pertes de temps ou d'argent) associés à chaque action et d'optimiser le rapport entre récompenses reçues et coûts assumés. Notre motivation à s'engager dans une action donnée dépend donc de la valeur de ce rapport. Dans le domaine de l'économie comportementale, l’optimisation de ce rapport bénéfices/coûts constitue le principe fondamental qui régule et explique le comportement des individus. Dans mes travaux de thèse, j'ai réalisé une implémentation de ces concepts venant de l'économie comportementale en utilisant une forme expérimentalement quantifiable de coûts: l'effort physique. Dans notre vie de tous les jours, si l'on nous demande de choisir entre deux options rapportant les même bénéfices mais demandant différents efforts (par exemple, travailler 3 ou 7 jours par semaine pour le même salaire), nous choisissons habituellement l'option qui nécessite la plus petite dépense d'énergie, en optant donc pour le moindre effort. Néanmoins, l'effort physique a été beaucoup moins étudié en comparaison à d'autres formes de coûts comme le fait de différer la récompense ou d'en augmenter l'incertitude. Le présent travail de recherche a donc pour but de mettre en lumière les bases neurales de la balance récompense / effort dans la prise de décision. Comprendre comment l'effort affecte la dévaluation des potentielles récompenses a un intérêt particulier pour la prise de décisions économiques mais aussi pour la clinique, étant donné que la diminution de la capacité à accepter d'avoir à exercer un effort est un symptôme-clé de nombreuses pathologies comme l'apathie ou la dépression. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que de tels désordres pourraient résulter de deux différents processus comportementaux: (a) une diminution de la sensibilité aux bénéfices futurs et/ou (b) une sensibilité excessive aux coûts potentiels. Ainsi, lorsqu'interrogés sur les raisons pour lesquelles ils ne veulent pas aller au cinéma regarder un film qu'ils apprécient, les patients apathiques peuvent déclarer que (a) le film n'est pas assez bon (soit une plus faible réponse à la valeur attendue), (b) le cinéma est trop loin (soit une plus forte sensibilité à l'effort anticipé). Afin de tester ces hypothèses, nous avons enregistré l'activité de neurones chez le singe pendant des tâches comportementales. Nous avons trouvé que d'une part, la dopamine encode la valeur de l'action future et oriente le comportement vers l'option demandant le moindre effort. D'autre part, la noradrénaline permet à l'individu de faire face à l'effort à venir en réduisant la sensibilité à l'anticipation de l'effort. En utilisant une approche pharmacologique, nous avons démontré que lorsque le niveau de noradrénaline est augmenté, les singes exercent d'avantage d'effort. En outre, nous avons montré que les potentiels locaux de champ dans le cortex pré-frontal ventro-médian, enregistrés dans une tâche comportementale identique, sont modulés par la valeur attendue et prédisent le choix du singe. En résumé, ce travail permet de départager en partie les circuits neuronaux impliqués dans le calcul de la balance récompense / effort, principalement encodée par les neurones dopaminergiques et dans les potentiels locaux de champ au niveau du cortex pré-frontal ventro-médian. Enfin, ce travail souligne le rôle de la noradrénaline dans la mobilisation de l'énergie d'un individu afin de faire face au défi que représente l'effort physiqueThere is perhaps no more critical factor for the behaviour of an animal than the way it chooses between action and inaction. A simple way to formalise such choices is to evaluate the predicted benefit (e.g. food, money) and costs (e.g. punishments, losses, delays) associated with each action and optimise the rates at which rewards are received and costs avoided. Our motivation to perform a given action depends upon such value ratio. In the current behavioural economics literature, the optimisation of the benefits/costs ratio stands as the fundamental principle that regulates and explains agents’ behaviour. In my Ph.D. studies, I implement a realistic model of such concepts from behavioural economics by using an empirical type of cost: physical effort. In our everyday life, if we are asked to choose between two options that imply the same reward but different efforts (e.g., working 3 or 7 days per week for the same salary), we usually opt for the alternative that requires the slightest energy expenditure, thus the least effort. However, physical effort has been far less studied compared to other decision costs such as delay or uncertainty. The present Ph.D. work aims at highlighting the neuronal bases of such reward/effort tradeoff. Understanding how effort cost affects the discounting of potential rewards has a clear significance for economic decisions and clinics, since the reduced willingness to exert effort is a key signature of several clinical disorders such as apathy and depression We suggest that disorders such as apathy could result from two different behavioural processes: (a) a decreased responsiveness to future benefits and/or (b) an excessive sensitivity to potential costs. For instance, when asked why they would not go see a movie they like, patients may say that (a) the movie is not good enough (i.e. low responsiveness to expected value) or that (b) the theatre is too far away (i.e. high sensitivity to anticipated effort). To test our hypothesis, we combined behavioural tasks and pharmacological approach with neuron recordings in monkeys, targeting specifically two majors actors of the rewarding and effort system, dopamine and noradrenaline. We found that dopamine and noradrenaline have distinct but complementary roles. On the one hand, dopamine tracks the reward value of future outcomes and orient the behaviour towards the least effortful options. On the other hand, noradrenaline enables subjects to face the effort at hand, reducing the sensitivity to anticipated effort. Using a pharmacological approach, we found that, when we increase noradrenaline, monkeys exerted significantly more effort. Moreover, we have found that local field potentials in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex recorded in the same task encode the expected value and predict action selection. In summary, this Ph.D. work allows to disentangle some of the neuronal circuits implicated in the computation of the reward/effort tradeoff, mainly encoded by dopaminergic neurons and in the local field potential of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, this work highlights the role of noradrenaline in the energization of behaviour to face the challenge represented by the physical effort
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Rennie, Laura J. "The role of perspective in visualising health behaviours : effects on motivation and behaviour." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555107.
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Recent research has shown that using a third-person (observer's) perspective to visualise a behaviour (voting, studying) results in stronger motivation to engage in the visualised behaviour than when the first-person (own) perspective is used (Libby, Shaeffer, Eibach, & Slemmer, 2007; Vasquez & Buehler, 2007). This thesis was concerned with whether this effect could be replicated in a health context- whether the perspective used when visualising a health behaviour affected motivation and subsequent behaviour. Experiments 1 and 2 found, in contrast to previous research, that participants who used the first-person perspective to visualise a behaviour (blood donation, smoking cessation) were more motivated to engage in the visualised behaviour than those who used the third-person perspective. Drawing on action identification theory (Vallcher & Wegner, 1987), it was predicted that the effect of perspective on motivation was moderated by the difficulty of the visualised behaviour. Supporting this, in Experiments 3 and 4 (in which difficulty was manipulated in addition to perspective), the effect of perspective on motivation was found to be moderated by difficulty, and this effect carried over into behaviour one week later in Experiment 4. It was hypothesised that the effect of perspective on motivation was mediated by the level of abstraction at which the visualised behaviour was mentally represented (in accordance with construalleve1 theory, Trope & Liberman, 2003). Although this mediation effect was not obtained in Experiment 5 when abstraction was assessed using the behavioural identification form (Vallacher & Wegner, 1987), Experiment 6 assessed the linguistic abstraction of participants' written accounts of their visualisation, and here it was found that the beneficial effect of the first-person perspective on motivation when visualising a difficult health behaviour (drinking restraint) was mediated by a more concrete representation of the behaviour, as predicted. A meta-analytical synthesis of the findings from Experiments 1 to 6 supported predictions regarding the moderating role of behaviour difficulty, and the mediating role of level of abstraction. Implications for theory and health behaviour change interventions are discussed.
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Drotsky, Willem Abraham. "Goalsetting as a motivational mechanism for therapeutic intervention." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10222004-142201.
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Lindström, Tina. "Feeding behaviour in dairy cows : motivational aspects /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5761-0.pdf.
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Chambers, Gary Noel. "Motivational perspectives of secondary school pupils taking German." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341365.
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Spier, Emmet. "From reactive behaviour to adaptive behaviour : motivational models for behaviour in animals and robots." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364107.
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Alperstein, Dion. "Predictors of Adherence to Pain Self-Management Strategies in Chronic Pain: Motivation to Change Pain Related Behaviour." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15930.
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Adherence to self-management strategies during multidisciplinary pain management interventions has been shown to be a significant predictor of pain outcomes. Despite these findings, the reasons patients adhere to self-management strategies is poorly understood. Therefore, it is difficult to know in what way to best improve adherence in order to maximise treatment-related gains. Readiness to adopt new pain behaviours has shown promise as a construct that can be used to predict adherence to prescribed pain behaviours.«br /» «br /» This research project comprised of an empirical study and a meta-analysis and systematic review. The meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to determine whether motivational interviewing approaches are effective in improving adherence, pain and physical function for patients with chronic pain. The results from seven studies indicate that MI leads to short-term increases in adherence to chronic pain treatments, although publication bias cannot be ruled out as an explanation for the findings. Further, it is as yet unclear whether these effects result in improvements in patient function.«br /» «br /» After establishing preliminary evidence that motivational interviewing approaches increase adherence to chronic pain treatment, an empirical study was established to explore the potential mechanisms associated with such increases. The study was primarily designed to determine whether readiness to adopt pain self-management strategies predicted these behaviours in a three-week multidisciplinary pain management program. The study also explored the relationship between individual’s beliefs about the perceived benefit in using self-management strategies and adherence to these strategies. The treating clinical psychologist rated participants adherence to each self-management strategy taught in the pain management program at the end of each week using a scale of 0 to 2, where 0 = ’not using the strategy at all’, 1 = ’using it inconsistently’, and 2 = ’using it consistently’.«br /» «br /» One hundred and nineteen participants consented to participate in the study. The major finding of this study was that individual’s perceived benefit in adopting self-management strategies early in treatment predicted small improvements in pain management coping behaviours in subsequent weeks of the program, particularly perceived benefit in the first week of the program. Interestingly, no strong bi-directional relationships were observed. That is, adherence did not predict individual’s perceived benefit in using self-management strategies in subsequent weeks. Contrary to expectations, readiness to adopt pain management strategies at baseline was not associated with adherence to self-management strategies during any week of the three-week program. Furthermore, this study failed to replicate the robust findings of past research that showed adherence to be an independent predictor of pain outcomes.«br /» «br /» The findings of this research project raises questions about the theoretical and clinical application of the transtheroetical model and the motivational model of pain self-management in chronic pain. Based on the findings, other health psychology models such as the health belief model may have more value for predicting adherence to chronic pain treatment. This research project also highlights the importance of individual’s expectancies and the process of change in chronic pain treatment. In particular, there is a need for more process-oriented research that assesses the temporal aspects of change so that an understanding of the mechanisms of change can be identified. This would in turn inform how current approaches to chronic pain treatment can be improved. Finally, the findings of the empirical study stress the need for valid and reliable measures of adherence that not only gauge participant adherence but therapist fidelity to therapeutic processes.
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Robinson, Nicole L. "Social robots as therapists: Preliminary tests of feasibility." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119160/1/__qut.edu.au_Documents_StaffHome_StaffGroupH%24_halla_Desktop_Nicole%20Robinson%20Thesis.pdf.
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Preliminary studies investigated the use of social robots as behavioural coaches who delivered a motivational intervention to encourage a healthy lifestyle. Proof-of-concept studies were undertaken using adults who wanted to reduce high-energy snacking and adolescent patients on diets for type 1 diabetes. The research program also created and validated new self-report measures on the acceptability of a social robot as a conversational partner or behaviour coach.
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Lee, Jerin, Edward C. Chang, Abigael G. Lucas, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Academic Motivation and Psychological Needs as Predictors of Suicidal Risk." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12123.
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This study examined academic motivation and basic psychological needs as predictors of suicidal risk (namely, depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors) in a sample of 348 college students. Results from regression analyses indicated that academic motivation was a significant predictor of suicidal risk. The inclusion of basic psychological needs significantly augmented the prediction model. The authors discuss implications for considering academic motivation and basic psychological needs in college counseling on the basis of the results.
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Carter, Corey. "Bitcoin : users’ characteristics, motivations and investment behaviours." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/172868.
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In less than a decade, the cryptocurrency known as Bitcoin has gone from a fringe phenomenon to a topic of increasing interest to academia and mainstream investors. However, despite the growing body of research seeking to understand Bitcoin, the pseudonymous, decentralised, and globally-diffused nature of its user base means that the individuals who use it remain poorly understood. In particular, the motivations, risk-appreciation, and investment behaviours of early adopters and innovators are subject to supposition in the absence of data derived from the user base. This thesis seeks to address this gap in knowledge by employing a multi-stage, mixed methodology approach and a theoretical framework to understand the Bitcoin user base. Utilising semantic analysis, a survey of online cryptocurrency communities, and econometric time-series analysis, this thesis addresses the extent and nature of Bitcoin in hedging; how individual users perceive their own motivations, uses, and risks that have driven their behaviour; and the nature of the relationship between the prices of cryptocurrency and indices of confidence. Analysis of the data determined that the use of Bitcoin as an instrument of hedging is limited, and influenced by political and institutional factors. Likewise, its motivations, uses, and risks are reflective of the users’ political ideology, with the community and marketplace becoming more sophisticated as they evolve over time. Additionally, despite several case studies demonstrating risk-averse adoption of Bitcoin, there is no relationship between its prices and confidence.Doctor of Philosophy
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Ahmadi, Asghar. "Use of automated coding methods to assess motivational behaviour in education." Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2022. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/1e7e4b9795c29cb9803903305dfb4b5d328c7f44d4f2f8434867e975d18e6a77/8010556/Ahmadi_2022_Use_of_automated_coding_methods_to.pdf.
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Teachers’ motivational behaviour is related to important student outcomes. Assessing teachers’ motivational behaviour has been helpful to improve teaching quality and enhance student outcomes. However, researchers in educational psychology have relied on self-report or observer ratings. These methods face limitations on accurately and reliably assessing teachers’ motivational behaviour; thus restricting the pace and scale of conducting research. One potential method to overcome these restrictions is automated coding methods. These methods are capable of analysing behaviour at a large scale with less time and at low costs. In this thesis, I conducted three studies to examine the applications of an automated coding method to assess teacher motivational behaviours. First, I systematically reviewed the applications of automated coding methods used to analyse helping professionals’ interpersonal interactions using their verbal behaviour. The findings showed that automated coding methods were used in psychotherapy to predict the codes of a well-developed behavioural coding measure, in medical settings to predict conversation patterns or topics, and in education to predict simple concepts, such as the number of open/closed questions or class activity type (e.g., group work or teacher lecturing). In certain circumstances, these models achieved near human level performance. However, few studies adhered to best-practice machine learning guidelines. Second, I developed a dictionary of teachers’ motivational phrases and used it to automatically assess teachers’ motivating and de-motivating behaviours. Results showed that the dictionary ratings of teacher need support achieved a strong correlation with observer ratings of need support (rfull dictionary = .73). Third, I developed a classification of teachers’ motivational behaviour that would enable more advanced automated coding of teacher behaviours at each utterance level. In this study, I created a classification that includes 57 teacher motivating and de-motivating behaviours that are consistent with self-determination theory. Automatically assessing teachers’ motivational behaviour with automatic coding methods can provide accurate, fast pace, and large scale analysis of teacher motivational behaviour. This could allow for immediate feedback and also development of theoretical frameworks. The findings in this thesis can lead to the improvement of student motivation and other consequent student outcomes.
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Dodd, Julia. "Theories of Behavior Change and Motivational Interviewing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7346.
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Dodd, Julia. "Theories of Behavior Change and Motivational Interviewing." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7349.
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Hibbert, Sally A. "Mood and motivation in shopping behaviour." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2267.
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This thesis is concerned with the motivation of shopping behaviour. The main aim of the research is to examine internal factors that influence a person's motivation, with specific focus on how consumers' shopping goals and mood states prior to a retail encounter affect their in-store behaviour and the outcomes of the activity in terms of goal attainment and evaluations of the retail outlet. The conceptual basis for the research is provided by theories of goal-directed behaviour, which assume that people are purposive in their behaviour and that there is a synergistic relationship between cognition and motivation (Ratneshwar, 1995; Pervin, 1989). Two complementary perspectives on the motivational role of mood are linked into this conceptualisation: one that emphasises the role of associative cognitive networks and proposes that mood serves to regulate goal-directed behaviour by altering goal-relevant thought and perception (Gardner, 1985; Isen, 1984); the other that postulates that mood is a biopsychological phenomenon that registers the availability of personal resources given near-term demands and alters goal-relevant thought, perception, and motivation in accordance with this (Morris, forthcoming; Batson et al., 1992; Thayer, 1989). In order to examine the motivation of shopping behaviour, an investigation was carried out amongst visitors to craft fairs in Scotland. The research adopted a quantitative approach. The data collection was driven by five main research hypotheses and involved asking consumers to complete two parts of a questionnaire: the first part was filled in upon their arrival at the craft fair and the second part was completed just before their departure. In this way, data on the progression of goal-directed behaviour over the course of a shopping episode was captured. The main findings of the research were that: a) individuals' mood states prior to the retail encounter influenced consumers' levels of commitment to shopping goals, although the importance of mood state varied depending on the type of shopping goal in question; b) types of behaviour exhibited in the course of shopping were influenced by the types of goals that consumers identified to be important to them upon arriving at the craft fair and there was some evidence that individuals' mood states moderated the effects of their goals on their in-store behaviour; c) attainment of shopping goals was dependent on whether the relevant goals were specified as important prior to the retail encounter and in-store behaviour. Mixed evidence was obtained on the role of mood as a factor that moderates the effects of commitment to goals on attainment of goals. d) attainment of shopping goals was partly responsible for the change in a person's mood state between entering and leaving the craft fair; e) retail outcomes in terms of consumers' enjoyment of the retail encounter, their preference for and intentions to patronise the retail outlet in the future were influenced by consumers' evaluations of the extent to which they had attained their shopping goals and their mood state following the shopping episode. One of the main implications of the research is that a view of consumers as purposive in their shopping activities makes a useful contribution to the understanding of shopping behaviour and how repeat patronage can be encouraged. As far as retailers are concerned, there is a need to understand what goals consumers have in mind when they visit a store and how to facilitate behaviour directed towards the attainment of those goals in order that consumers evaluate the shopping activity as successful and leave with favourable impressions of the store. In addition, attempts to locate in an environment that helps to boost the resources that contribute to mood, rather than draining them, and to smooth the way for goal-directed shopping activities may also increase repeat patronage and ultimately customer loyalty to retailers.
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Ni, Mhurchu Cliona. "Effectiveness of motivational interviewing in dietary education for people with hyperlipidaemia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242687.
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Becker, April Melissa. "Induced “motivation”." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84174/.
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In the avian training community, a procedure has been utilized to maintain food reinforcer efficacy at high body weights. Elements of this procedure include limited holds and closed economies. To test this procedure, a baseline performance of keypecking on an FR 15 schedule at 80% ad lib weight for two pigeons was established. By imposing limited holds and a closed economy, rates of responding were increased compared to baseline, even while the pigeons were over 90% of their ad-lib body weights.
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Banack, Hailey. "Coaching behaviours and the motivation of Paralympic athletes." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40843.
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There are approximately 4.4 million Canadians (14%) with a physical disability, yet less than 1% of these individuals participate in organized sport programs (Sport Canada, 2006; Statistics Canada, 2007). Using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as a framework, the purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of coach behaviour, psychological needs satisfaction, and motivation. The participants in this study were 113 Canadian Paralympic athletes. Participants completed an online survey comprised of the Sport Climate Questionnaire (Deci & Ryan, 2006), measures of perceived autonomy (Hollembeak & Amorose, 2005), competence (Hollembeak & Amorose, 2005), relatedness (Richer & Vallerand, 1998) and the Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al., 1995). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the measurement model. Path modeling was used to test the relationships among perceptions of coach behaviour, the basic psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, and motivation. Findings from the path model partially supported the tenets of SDT. There was a significant relationship between perceptions of coach behaviour and perceived autonomy and relatedness. Autonomy and competence were significant correlates of motivation. Results revealed the presence of a relationship between perceptions of autonomy supportive coaching strategies, the three psychological needs, and athletes’ intrinsic motivation towards sport. These findings hold theoretical and practical significance as they underscore the importance of using autonomy supportive coaching strategies to promote motivation in Paralympic athletes.Environ 4.4 millions de canadiens souffrent d’un handicap physique, par contre moins de 1% de ces individus prennent part à des programmes de sport organisé (Statistiques Canada, 2007). En utilisant le Self-Determination Theory (SDT) en tant que cadre, l'objectif de la présente étude était d'examiner la relation entre la perception du comportement de l'entraîneur par les athlètes paralympiques, la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques, et la motivation. Les participants sont 113 athlètes Paralympiques Canadiens. Ils ont complété un questionnaire en ligne, composé de Sport Climate Questionnaire (Deci & Ryan, 2006), une mesure de la perception de l’autonomie (Hollembeak & Amorose, 2005), des compétences (Hollembeak & Amorose, 2005) et du sentiment d’appartenance (Richer & Vallerand, 1998) ainsi que le Sport Motivation Scale (Pelletier et al, 1995). La confirmation de l'analyse factorielle a été utilisée pour tester la validité factorielle de l'échelle. Le sentier de modélisation a été utilisé pour tester les relations entre la perception du comportement des entraineurs, les besoins psychologiques de base de la compétence, l'autonomie et la parenté, la motivation et le sport. L’appréciation de la voie modèle appuie les principes du traitement spécial et différencié et a confirmé la présence d'une relation entre l'autonomie de soutien, le comportement, la satisfaction des besoins, et la motivation. Il existe une relation significative entre le comportement des entraîneurs et deux des besoins (autonomie et appartenance). En autre, l'autonomie et la compétence sont en corrélation significative avec la motivation. Ces résultats ont des implications théoriques et pratiques puisqu’ils soulignent l’importance de l’autonomie et de l’utilisation de stratégies d’entraînements pour promouvoir la motivation chez les athlètes Paralympiques.
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Handelman, Corinne. "Natural Area Stewardship Volunteers| Motivations, Attitudes, Behaviors." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1543073.
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To better understand the value of those who engage in environmental stewardship of natural areas, we studied volunteer steward's motivation to participate, their sustainable behaviors and attitudes toward stewardship-related constructs. Specifically, we designed and conducted a survey of volunteers who work as stewards in urban natural areas in Portland, Oregon. We hypothesize that as volunteer frequency increases: participants will be more motivated to participate for environmental reasons, volunteers will be more likely to feel a strong connection to the stewardship site, participants will be more likely to engage in public pro-environmental behaviors, and their level of environmental literacy will increase. Participants were sampled using a face-to-face survey methodology over the course of late winter and spring of 2012 during 18 different Portland Parks and Recreation sponsored stewardship events. We examined the motivations, attitudes and behaviors of the volunteers, and devised appropriate management implications for those organizing volunteer efforts. We equated a three-tiered typology of environmental literacy, based upon the frequency of volunteer participation, and analyzed our survey data using a principal component analysis, generalized linear models, and a qualitative coding analysis. The most frequent participants showed a higher likelihood of participation in public environmental behaviors, whereas participants at all frequency levels were also likely to participate in private environmental behaviors, such as removing invasive plants in one's yard. Volunteers across all frequencies of participation were motivated to engage in stewardship events by a desire to help the environment. By understanding volunteers' motivations and linked behaviors, park managers may gain insights about the recruitment, retention, and messaging of volunteers upon whom they may depend to achieve restoration goals. We recommend considering volunteers' motivations and benefits derived from participation in messaging to recruit and retain volunteers. Additionally, park managers should take advantage of educational opportunities linked to stewardship events, such as training programs and chances for volunteer mentorship.
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Bruhn, Linnea. "Motiverande samtal -En dynamisk process i arbetet med barn och ungdomar med övervikt : - En kvalitativ studie om professionella inom hälso- och sjukvårdens upplevelser av att använda MI tillsammans med överviktiga barn och ungdomar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44356.
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Ohälsosamma levnadsvanor så som dålig kost och brist på fysisk aktivitet leder till övervikt och fetma hos barn och ungdomar idag. För att inte de ohälsosamma levnadsvanorna ska ge framtida komplikationer är det viktigt att se till att barn och ungdomar får den hjälp de behöver för att motiveras till en beteendeförändring så tidigt som möjligt. Motiverande samtal (MI) är en samtalsmetod för att få individer motiverade till en förändring. Denna studie kommer att fokusera på just hälsosamma levnadsvanor. Olika hälso- och sjukvårds professioners använder motiverande samtal som metod för att stödja en beteendeförändring hos överviktiga ungdomar. Därutifrån har syftet till denna studie skapats vilket är att undersöka professionernas upplevelser av hur metoden fungerar på barn och ungdomar med övervikt. Studien har en kvalitativ insats som inkluderade intervjuer med sex stycken professioner. Intervjuerna spelades in och analyserades. Resultatet av studien visade att professionerna upplevde MI som en mycket positiv och användbar samtalsmetod och att kontinuitet behövdes för att upprätthålla kunskapen. Möjligheterna med att använda MI menar de professionella är att de ofta kan se en positiv förändring hos patientens beteende samt att de ser positivt på användningen av MI i framtiden. Författaren anser att det är viktigt att fortsätta utbilda personal som jobbar med människor inom MI då samhället troligtvis kan “spara” både pengar och tid hos personalen genom att använda MI i exempelvis primärvården.The unhealthy lifestyles such as poor diets and lack of physical activity can lead to overweight and obesity for children and adolescents today. To not have the unhealthy lifestyles lead to future complications it’s important to give them the help and support they need to get motivated to change theirs behavior. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a method to help people change their behavior, this study will focus on a healthy lifestyle changes. A profession in healthcare uses the MI as a method to support the lifestyle change for children and adolescents with obesity. The purpose of this study is to examine what the professions experiences is concerning how the method works with children and adolescents with overweight. This study has used a qualitative method with six interviews. The interviews were recorded and analyzed. The result of this study showed that professions experiences MI as a very positive and useful method, also that the professions needed to use the method continuity to maintain the knowledge. The potential of MI as a method was that the professions often could see a positive change in the patient and the respondent had a positive view in using MI in the future. The author of this study believes that it’s incredibly important to keep working with MI as it probably can "save" money both for society and the work hours for professions in healthcare.
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Boomsma, Christine. "Visual images as a motivational bridge to pro-environmental behaviour : a cognitive approach." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1546.
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Communicating climate change and other long-term environmental issues to the wider public is a challenging process involving many barriers to action. Visualisations have the ability to overcome these barriers. Furthermore, the benefits of visual images over verbal information have been supported. However, there is a lack of research on how visual images can motivate behaviour. Based on Elaborated Intrusion theory, it is proposed that visual images can be internalised as mental images which can act as a ‘motivational bridge’ for pro-environmental behaviour. Six studies exposed participants to visual pro-environmental messages. Throughout all studies images were internalised as mental images, associated with intrusive thoughts. Consistently, mental images were strongly associated with pro-environmental goals and behaviour change (self-report and actual). Also, interfering with visual mental imagery, using cognitive tasks, reduced self-reported behaviour change (Study 6). Overall, two motivational roles of mental imagery emerged: mental images can trigger pro-environmental goals and can strengthen the relationship between pro-environmental goals and behaviour. The development, strength, and vividness of mental imagery depended on interacting individual and message characteristics. A vivid message was more effective when the message topic was relevant to the target individual (Study 2). Also, a message in line with existing values evoked more vivid mental imagery (Studies 2 to 6). A message could activate specific values as well if mental imagery was not interfered with (Study 5 and 6). And finally, positive and negative images were associated with different feelings, but could both be internalised and motivate behaviour (Study 3 and 6). A combined message could overcome the negative feelings associated with a fear appeal (Study 6). This thesis developed a theoretical framework, integrating approaches from social and cognitive psychology, which can help explain and predict responses to visual environmental messages. Six studies showed that the effect of a visual image on behaviour depends, among other factors, on its ability to trigger recurring mental imagery. Insights provide opportunities for designing evidence based visual pro-environmental messages. In turn this can maximise the impact visual messages have on changing people’s pro-environmental behaviour.
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Mat, Shafizal. "Employee motivation and learning behaviours in selected manufacturing industries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23158.
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The topics of motivation and job satisfaction have been of interest to researchers over the past decades. Many researchers and practitioners have studied the driving factors to motivate staff in the workplace, but no specific findings have shown correlation between motivation and job satisfaction. Problems of motivation and job satisfaction have continued to plague many developing countries like Malaysia. This study is an attempt to improve the understanding of the human contribution to variability in manufacturing industries and the focus areas are work motivation, satisfaction and performance as well as relationships with learning behaviours of employees in the workplace. The research work can be categorized into three parts. The first part consists of pilot study which was conducted to determine the practicality and validity of method/instruments used in the research. The pilot study also helped to correct the flaws/weaknesses of the method before employing it in the full-scale research study. Secondly, an experimental study was carried out to identify the motivation, satisfaction, performance and learning behaviour of unskilled and skilled employees doing simple or complex tasks individually or in group. The final part was an industrial study conducted with 356 employees from various positions and backgrounds in selected manufacturing industries in Malaysia. Based on the findings, it has been shown that unskilled employees preferred doing complex tasks in a group rather than doing simple tasks and skilled employees preferred doing complex tasks individually rather than in a group. It increased their work motivation, satisfaction and performance. It was found that task identity (simple tasks) and learning behaviours (individual learning of unskilled employees) can be the reason for employees to leave in the future. The task identity (task complexity) can be an important factor in job design in organisations and it is significant in the learning process of unskilled and skilled employees in manufacturing industries, particularly in Malaysia. It was also found that learning in a team (group) appears to be a very significant factor in workplace learning for both unskilled and skilled employees. The study has shown that there are relationships between motivational and learning behaviours of skilled and unskilled employees and this knowledge is expected to be useful for employers and policy makers in organisations especially in manufacturing industries in Malaysia.
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Morgan, Gareth P. "Coaching behaviours and players' motivation in elite youth football." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7857.
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The first phase of this research project focused on developing an understanding of the current practice behaviours being exhibited by coaches within elite-level English youth football. That is, prior to any further enquiry into this unique setting, it was felt that an investigation should establish, as accurately as possible, the practice behaviours utilised in the coaching of talented youth players. Thus, Study la comprised the contextual validation of a systematic observation instrument (the Elite Youth Football Coaches' Observation Instrument; EYFCOI) that would enable a precise detailing of coaches' practice behaviours to be undertaken that was more holistic than the other observational tools in common use. Subsequently, Study lb used the EYFCOI to carry out an evaluation, over mid-late season, of Under 12, Under 15, and Under 19 coaches' behaviours that found instructional provision to feature prominently within positive learning environments. These behaviours, and players' perceptions in relation to them, were found to be stable throughout the observation period. A significant age group finding, however, was identified in relation to players' perceptions, as younger players were found to have higher levels of enjoyment, exerted effort, and perceived learning than their older peers. Descriptive analysis of the coach behaviour data revealed that coaches of older players provided more frequent verbal instruction, but less frequent demonstrations and questioning strategies. A positive-to-negative feedback ratio of approximately 4: 1 was consistently recorded across the three age groups, with general feedback usage found to dominate over feedback that was informational. Study 2 sought to build on the findings of Study lb by qualitatively investigating the factors that influenced the performance of their role, whilst simultaneously researching players' coaching behaviour preferences. The main findings identified in relation to the factors impacting on coaches' performance of their role included a consistently cited emphasis on developing players, with conflicting opinions expressed in relation to how this is best achieved. The beliefs ranged between the extremes of valuing intense, pressurising, and controlling methods to a much more facilitative approach. Coaches' educational development was found to be primarily achieved through independent reflections. The most significant findings from the focus group interviews with players was a preference for coaches' open questioning usage on the basis that it was most beneficial for learning. Similarly, this same reason was cited for players' desire for feedback to be provided that was specific and informational. The final study assessed the efficacy of an autonomy-supportive coach behaviour intervention that was conducted over a 24-week period in mid-late season. Following an initial baseline period, coaches were supplied with educational support essentially geared towards increasing their usage of open questioning and making specific feedback their dominant feedback type. Support - in the form of quantitative data, video feedback, and behavioural modification strategies - was consistently provided during an intervention period, before being withdrawn post-intervention. The participating coaches were each found to successfully modify their behaviours, although it was found that changes were most effectively realised through coaches' perceived value in the programme of study, their adherence to the programme (reflected most notably in their independently-initiated efforts to achieve behavioural changes), and ultimately, in reaching a behavioural frequency at which the coaches' objectives were best achieved. Overall, the present thesis has extended the knowledge of elite-level English youth football environment, identifying practically-based findings that, it is proposed, can be of use within the development of coach education content and strategies in particular.
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McRee, Caroline Kimrey. "Managerial Perceptions of Employee Motivation." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10840301.
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This qualitative research study examined managerial perceptions of employee motivation. A widely studied yet complex topic, motivation continues to allude managers, leading to managerial assumptions about what is motivating to employees. The purpose of this study was to explore employee motivation through the co-participation of managers and subordinates in a job crafting intervention. A 1-hour version of the Job Crafting Exercise was conducted for eight managers and eight subordinates for a total of 16 research participants. Three weeks following the job crafting intervention, an open-ended survey was distributed separately to managers and subordinates. Findings indicated changes in the task, relational, and cognitive boundaries of subordinate?s jobs, and an increase in motivation as a result of co-participation in a job crafting intervention. Managers also gained greater insight about subordinates through participating in the Job Crafting Exercise and made actionable next steps with employees at the conclusion of the intervention.
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DuCoff, David. "Recycling: Knowledge, Demographic & Motivational Factors Which Differentiate Behavior." TopSCHOLAR®, 1991. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2287.
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This study focuses on motivation -Involved in recycling behavior among residents of Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. Knowledge of recycling and how it was acquired, and the variables of environmental concern, economic incentive and the peer pressure were compared so that behavior could be distinguished that separated recyclers from nonrecyclers. Talcott Parsons' work in action theory and George Homans' work in exchange theory provide the theoretical foundation for my study. The research was approached in a qualitatively based design with interviews of twenty area residents. Demographic factors of age, sex, religious affiliation, church attendance, education and income of respondents were solicited. In addition to interviews, I administered a demographic survey.
Recycling behavior was correlated positively with older age, convenience, female sex, higher levels of education, higher income, affiliation with liberal church denominations, and urban residence. It was negativley correlated with church attendance. Recyclers were better informed about environmental topics, especially those pertaining to recycling. Peer pressure was shown to have a positive effect on recyclers and recycling behavior. Recyclers were concerned about the quality of their environment, while nonrecyclers felt that the quality of the local environment was above average.
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James, Diana. "Problematic use of mobile phones : measuring the behaviour, its motivational mechanism, and negative consequences." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54749/1/Dianna_James_Thesis.pdf.
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Cermak, Joshua A. "Examining the Role of Goal Orientations, Motivational Climate, and Self-Esteem on Self-Handicapping Behavior in Division I Collegiate Athletes." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1530536354977531.
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Moghaddam, Nima Golijani. "Modelling smoking motivation : mood, personality and appetitive behaviour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14432/.
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The overarching aim of this research was to investigate the role of affectivity in real-world smoking behaviour. The motivational relationship between affect and smoking was conceptualised within an interactive hierarchical framework: assessing associations with natural situational variability over time, and moderation by relevant individual differences (chiefly, BIS-BAS scores - as reflecting affective disposition/motivational sensitivity). An initial questionnaire study was undertaken towards the development of a diary design that would be useful in capturing experiences around everyday smoking behaviour (Chapter 4). This design was then applied in a series of diary studies that were set up to address questions pertaining to the central aim of the research. The main body of the thesis is structured around these areas of enquiry. Chapter 5 tested competing theoretical models of mood-smoking motivation in everyday contexts and Chapter 6 extended this Investigation hierarchically: to ascertain whether there are individual differences in identified motivational experiences. Chapter 7 compared smoking with natural appetitive behaviour (food consumption) to better demarcate parts of the motivational process that might be set awry in reinforcement of non-natural consumption. The influence of more general periodic shifts in motivational experiences and behaviour on consumption/desire to consume was examined in Chapter 8. The final investigative chapter (Chapter 9) compared processes identified for normal smoking behaviour with processes during deprivation/abstinence. Each chapter draws on data from the diary studies as appropriate. Findings were generally congruent with other naturalistic research in supporting positive mood enhancement (principally, anticipatory elevation of hedonic tone) as a motivation for normal smoking. BAS reward-sensitivity moderated hedonic incentive effects, but not in the expected direction. Comparisons with natural consumption behaviour suggested that motivations for natural appetitive rewards may differ from those for acquired substance use. Notably, smoking motivations changed somewhat during deprivation, when tense arousal and frustration emerged as operative factors. Chapter 10 considers the implications of the research for models of mood and personality. These include implications for conceptualising reinforcement sensitivity.
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Ridley, Louis E. Jr. "Motivational factors promoting postmodern volunteerism in Christian religious organizations." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3727502.
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The purpose of this qualitative descriptive case study was to document the motivational factors of postmodern era volunteers and to examine how potential commonalities in philosophy, theology, and leadership styles can provide common ground for the postmodern and traditional volunteers in Christian religious organizations (CRO). The scope of the research study was limited to a traditional CRO with active Generation X and millennial generations volunteering in the organization. The specific population consisted of members of a CRO. The use of interviews, focus groups, and observations supported the holistic analysis through the triangulation of data. The data analysis followed an inductive and deductive analysis process. The results of the study provided several findings related to postmodern era generation motivation factors. The emergent themes from the research of the phenomenon were: family focus, Spiritual release, modeling religion through leadership action, leadership style, giftings, volunteer opportunities that model religion, and community leadership. The results of the case study revealed that the postmodern era generations of the CRO studied favored family focus as motivation to volunteer. Additionally, the findings demonstrated that the postmodern era volunteers believed that the commitment to join also implied a commitment to volunteer time to the organization. The findings from the study demonstrated that the actions of the outreach ministries with the community should model the educational teaching of the organization. The recommendations from this study for CRO leaders include focusing on the whole family, designing outreach tasks that support service to families and the community, and demonstrating religion through service to community.
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Flitcroft, Deborah. "Impact of teachers' behaviours on student motivation and exam performance." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/impact-of-teachers-behaviours-on-student-motivation-and-exam-performance(e54d6885-e78a-43ee-aaf7-89050a153daf).html.
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Student motivation is a significant concept as school teachers need to be able to mobilise students to work towards success in examinations. This thesis investigated the impact of teachers' behaviours on students' motivation and examination performance and how these behaviours could be adapted to suit the needs of students. A systematic review of the literature examined how secondary school teachers use motivational strategies in respect of student academic assessment, performance and attainment. Six studies were included in the review and showed both the positive and negative impacts of teacher behaviour on students' academic performance. The review highlighted a need for further research on teachers' knowledge of the impact of their behaviours on student motivation. An empirical study was completed which engaged high school teachers as participants, affording the opportunity to reflect on their current practice from feedback from their students. The research progressed through 3 phases: focus group of six teachers teaching high stakes examination programmes to students age 14-16 (English GCSEs); 10 interviews with students selected from each teacher's classes; and a second focus group re-convening the teachers. The research found a link between what students perceived to be motivational and the changes that teachers were able to envisage for future practice, indicating that teachers were able to learn from their students. The implications for educational psychologist practice and future research are discussed. Finally, the thesis concludes with a reflection of the dissemination of the above pieces of research. Dissemination focussed on offering the findings to schools and using methods of consultation and collaboration to integrate findings in to school practice.
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Ng, Yau Yin Johan. "Motivation for weight management behaviours : a self-determination theory perspective." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4012/.
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According to self-determination theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2000), the quality of support (autonomy support versus controlling) from important others is an important predictor of psychological need satisfaction, and subsequent engagement in health-conducive behaviours, such as physical activity and healthy eating. In this dissertation, four research studies grounded on SDT are presented. Results from these studies highlighted the important link between autonomy support and psychological need satisfaction. In turn, these studies showed that need satisfaction supported better psychological well-being and health-conducive behaviours. The findings also underscored the detrimental effects of controlling behaviours. For instance, such behaviours were found to be related to the thwarting of psychological needs, and in turn higher psychological ill-being and maladaptive outcomes, such as unhealthy eating behaviours. Motivation contagion effects were also examined in one study. The results suggested that practitioners’ quality of support provided may vary as a function of their perceived motivation of a client. Findings from our studies have implications for researchers and important others (e.g. spouse) of individuals engaging in weight management. Possible areas for future research, such as the design of new interventions based on the tenets of SDT, are discussed.
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Finlinson, Scott. "Increasing Organizational Energy Conservation Behaviors: Comparing the Theory of Planned Behavior and Reasons Theory for Identifying Specific Motivational Factors to Target for Change." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1113856246.
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Finlinson, Scott MIchael. "Increasing organizational energy conservation behaviors : comparing the theory of planned behavior and reasons theory for identifying specific motivational factors to target for change /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1113856246.
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Tobin, Vannessa J. "Facilitating exercise behaviour change a self-determination theory and motivational interviewing perspective /." Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wales, Bangor, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-222). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Prescott, Neville. "Dairy cow behaviour and automatic milking." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/5cd2feb0-5362-4a12-b545-9861f4b7aaf9.
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Voluntary automatic milking is a system whereby dairy cows can be milked as the cow desires without routine human intervention. Motivation to be milked was studied in a Y -maze and an automatic milking system (AMS). In both motivation to be milked was variable. In the Y -maze some early lactation cows chose to be milked every 31/ 2 hours five times per day, but there was much individual variation. Late lactation cows did not choose to be milked less often than the early lactation cows. When given the choice to be milked or fed concentrate in the Y -maze, early lactation cows always chose to eat. In the AMS mean attendance increased from 1.1 visits/ cow / day when they were not fed concentrate to 2.8 visits/cow/day when they were fed concentrate. The effects of feeding in the AMS on attendance were studied. Feeding concentrate in the parlour had no effect on attendance or the number of milkings. The AMS exit area feed type (where the cows had to visit the AMS to reach the food; either forage or concentrate) however, had a significant effect on attendance (forage: 6.0 visits/cow/day, concentrate: 4.1 visits/cow/day, s.e.d=0.25) but only a small effect on the frequency of milkings (forage: 2.6 milkings/cow/day, concentrate: 2.4 milkings/cow/day, s.e.d=0.06). Feeding forage in the exit area, as opposed to freely available in the bedded area, significantly reduced the total forage feeding time (209 vs 289 minutes/cow/day, s.e.d=33.6), and the number of bouts (4.9 vs 7.9 bouts/cow/day). Feeding cows in the parlour increased the level of shuffling during the automatic teat cup attachment process (6.7 vs. 3.4 shuffles/cow/milking, s.e.d 2.07). There were no other behavioural effects or any effects on their milking characterisitcs. Future automatic milking systems could feed concentrate in the exit area as the lure to attract cows into the system. There is no requirement to feed cows while they are being milked.
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Stenling, Andreas. "Is coaches’ behavior patterns reflected in their team’s motivational climate?" Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Psychology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34743.
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Knowledge is lacking regarding objective situational cues affecting athletes’ perceptions of the motivational climate. The present study examined one proposed objective situational cue, namely the behavior of coaches. It was expected that differences between coaches’ behavior patterns would be reflected in differences in the motivational climates between their teams. Four junior soccer team coaches and 56 players from these four teams participated in the study. Coaches were observed during four practices and behaviors were recorded using the Coaching Behavior Assessment System. Players completed the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2. More encouraging and instructional behaviors from coaches were reflected by a higher perceived mastery climate, especially in regard to perceiving the climate as rewarding for effort and improvement. Less encouraging and instructional behaviors were reflected by higher perceived performance climate. Higher levels of punitive behaviors were also reflected by higher perceived performance climate. Not only active behavior patterns in coaches but also passive
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Davey, Jeremy D. "Young women, drinking and gender : behaviour, motivations and outcomes /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17255.pdf.
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Davis, Kelly. "Relationships Between Student Motivation Training & Motivation, Achievement, Attendance & Classroom Behavior." TopSCHOLAR®, 1993. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2239.
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The purpose of the present study was to replicate a student motivation training program (Hughes, 1990) and extend the investigation by including the relationships between student motivation training and achievement, attendance, and classroom behavior. Participants were all 4th- and 5th -grade students from two elementary schools. A separate -sample, pretest-posttest control group design was used. The study addressed eight questions regarding the effects of student motivation training. Results indicated that student motivation, teacher perceptions of student motivation, and the number of motivational idea units on two of three writing samples were enhanced as a result of the training program. No significant differences were found for math and reading grades, attendance data, number of discipline slips received, and the third writing sample. Implications for further research and interventions are discussed.
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Zerbe, Wilfred Joachim. "Mood, motivation, and task me." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29224.
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Theorists in organizational behavior have generally ignored emotional determinants of behavior. A task of this dissertation was to extend the use of emotions for understanding organizational behavior in general and work motivation in particular.
Two theories, expectancy theory and network theory, are used to make predictions about the relationship between mood and perceptions of the relationship between effort and performance. According to expectancy theory, the effort that people choose to expend at tasks is a function of their belief about the degree to which effort and performance covary. Network theory predicts that memories are connected by a network of associations. The accessibility for recall of a memory is a function of the activation of these associations. In this way positive events are more accessible for recall when individuals are in a positive mood state because of associations based on the affective valence of memories. Such accessibility of events for recall has been shown to be a determinant of probability judgements. On this basis it was predicted that mood would bias individuals' judgements of the probability that specific levels of effort lead to specific levels of performance. In other words, that mood affects expectancy. Specifically, it was predicted that individuals in an elated mood would report higher expectancy than individuals in a depressed mood. Mood was defined as a self-evaluative feeling state. Two other hypotheses were formed: that mood would influence how cause for behavior is attributed, and that individual differences in self esteem would moderate the relationship between mood and expectancy.
Three studies were performed to provide a foundation for the testing of these hypotheses. In a fourth study they were tested. Study One assessed the psychometric properties of measures of mood states, individual differences, and task perceptions.
Study Two concerned the experimental induction of mood. Mood manipulations used in the experimental literature were reviewed and one, a musical procedure, was chosen. The validity of this manipulation was then tested by having participants listen to the music of an elated, neutral, or depressed mood induction procedure. The results of Study Two provided strong evidence for the validity of the manipulation. Both self-report measures of mood and an unobtrusive behavioral measure were significantly affected. The results of Study Two also showed the utility of a conceptualization of mood as comprising two components: arousal and pleasure. It was shown that depression is characterized by low arousal and displeasure, and elation by high arousal and pleasure.
Study Three reviewed the conceptualization and measurement of expectancy. It was argued that expectancy is properly conceptualized as the perceived covariation between effort and performance. This requires measurement of the relationship between multiple levels of effort and multiple levels of performance and calculation from these measures of an index of perceived effort -- performance covariation. Most prior measurement has only considered the relationship between high effort and high performance. Further, it was argued that such appropriate measurement allows predictions to be made about expectancy across individuals, in contrast to the argument that expectancy theory is a within-subjects theory.
Previous authors have used such an approach to measure expectancy but have not demonstrated its validity. Study Three undertook such validation. Participants completed one of two experimental tasks: one with high objective expectancy, the other with low objective expectancy. As predicted, scores on the perceived covariation measure of expectancy were significantly higher in the high objective expectancy task. Measures of related constructs were influenced in a manner consistent with this finding. It was concluded that strong support for the expectancy measure existed.
On the foundation of Studies One, Two, and Three, Study Four undertook to test the formal hypotheses of the dissertation. In each of three experimental sessions, participants completed a business decision-making task, underwent either an elation, neutral mood, or depression induction procedure, and then completed measures of their mood state, expectancy, and other task perceptions.
The results of Study Four indicated that significant differences in mood resulted from the manipulation. However, none of the experimental hypotheses were supported. Mood did not influence expectancy or task attributions. A number of alternate explanations for this finding were considered, including failure of the mood manipulation, measurement error, and lack of statistical power. Of these, it was concluded that while Study Four lacked power to detect a large effect, this did not fully explain the failure to support the experimental hypotheses. Also compelling was the argument that the mood manipulation was not sufficiently powerful.Business, Sauder School of
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Chikoore, Lesley. "Perceptions, motivations and behaviours towards research impact : a cross-disciplinary perspective." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22942.
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In recent years, the UK higher education sector has seen notable policy changes with regard to how research is funded, disseminated and evaluated. Important amongst these changes is the emphasis that policy makers have placed on disseminating peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles via Open Access (OA) publishing routes e.g. OA journals or OA repositories. Through the Open Science agenda there have also been a number of initiatives to promote the dissemination of other types of output that have not traditionally been made publicly available via the scholarly communication system, such as data, workflows and methodologies. The UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 introduced social/economic impact of research as an evaluation measure. This has been a significant policy shift away from academic impact being the sole measure of impact and has arguably raised the profile of public engagement activities (although it should be noted that public engagement is not equivalent to social/economic impact, but is an important pathway to realising such impact). This exploratory study sought to investigate the extent to which these recent policy changes are aligned with researchers publication, dissemination and public engagement practices across different disciplines. Furthermore, it sought to identify the perceptions and attitudes of researchers towards the concept of social/economic impact. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach consisting of a questionnaire- based survey and semi-structured interviews with researchers from a broad range of disciplines across the physical, health, engineering, social sciences, and arts and humanities across fifteen UK universities. The work of Becher (1987) and Becher & Trowler (2001) on disciplinary classification was used as an explanatory framework to understand disciplinary differences. The study found evidence of a lack of awareness of the principle of OA by some researchers across all disciplines; and that researchers, in the main, are not sharing their research data, therefore only the few who are doing so are realising the benefits that have been championed in research funders policies. Moreover, the study uncovered that due to the increased emphasis of impact in research evaluation, conflicting goals between researchers and academic leaders exist. The study found that researchers, particularly from Applied and Interdisciplinary (as opposed to Pure) disciplinary groups felt that research outputs such as articles published in practitioner journals were most appropriate in targeting and making research more accessible to practitioners, than prestigious peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles. The thesis argues that there is still more to learn about what impact means to researchers and how it might be measured. The thesis makes an overall contribution to knowledge on a general level by providing greater understanding of how researchers have responded to the impact agenda . On a more specific level, the thesis identifies the effect of the impact agenda on academic autonomy, and situates this in different disciplinary contexts. It identifies that it is not only researchers from Pure disciplines who feel disadvantaged by the impact agenda , but also those from Interdisciplinary and Applied groups who feel an encroachment on their academic autonomy, particularly in selecting channels to disseminate their research and in selecting the relevant audiences they wish to engage with. Implications of the study s findings on researchers, higher education institutions and research funders are highlighted and recommendations to researchers, academic leaders and research funders are given.
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Russell, Dennis. "Priming and motivation effects on cooperative and competitive behaviour /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsr9611.pdf.
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Juszczyk, Dorota. "Motivational responses to physical activity and dietary policies : translating success from the smoking context." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665401.
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Obesity rates are growing at an alarming rate and new solutions are urgently needed (WHO, 2010). This thesis aimed to explore the potential to translate some of the lessons learnt from the UK’s successful tobacco control approach to combating obesity, using Self Determination Theory (SDT, Ryan & Deci, 2000) as a theoretical framework to explore the mechanisms of policy level factors influence on individual motivation. This was explored in three studies using a mixed methods approach. Qualitative Study 1 aimed to explore people’s experiences of tobacco control and obesity policies. The results suggest that current tobacco and obesity policy climates are perceived as controlling and are not perceived as motivating for behaviour change. Study 2 tested the hypothesis generated in Study 1, that exaggerated images (i.e. morbidly obese figures) accompanying articles about the health risks of being overweight would prevent overweight people from identifying with these risks. The results demonstrated there was no effect on identification with the message, however such images cause individuals to visually underestimate the level of obesity associated with health risks. Study 3 pilot tested a campaign-style intervention which was translated from the tobacco domain. It involved a snack-swapping intervention designed to help people to increase their fruit and vegetables intake while supporting their autonomous motivation, and aiming to provide an online environment to normalise this aspect of healthy eating. Participants had higher intake of fruit and vegetables as a results of taking part in the intervention, however their intake of unhealthy snacks was not reduced. Applying SDT as a theoretical approach was useful as a means of understanding people’s responses to legislation, however the results emphasized challenges in implementing strategies which aim to create autonomy supportive climate at public policy level. New insights for policy development stemming from the three empirical studies have been outlined.
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Enlund, Tuuvas Malin, and Rebecca Lennartsson. "Why Cope? Motivational Goals, Pain Catastrophizing and Coping Behaviors in Women with PVD." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68913.
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Runge, Michael J. "Coaching Efficacy Beliefs and Transformational Leadership Behaviors: Their Ability to Predict Motivational Climate." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862726/.
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This study investigated the relationship between belief in coaching abilities (coaching efficacy beliefs, CEB), transformational leadership behaviors (TLB), and motivational climate development of current strength and conditioning coaches working with high school level athletes. The measures used were the coaching efficacy scale for high school teams (CES II-HST, Myers et al.,2000), the differentiated transformational leadership inventory (DTLI, Callow et al., 2009), and the patterns of adaptive learning scales (PALS, Midgley et al., 2000). It was hypothesized that CEB and TLB would influence motivational climate development, while coaches' background characteristics would correlate with CEB, TLB, and motivational climate development. The 60 coaches who participated reported an average of thirteen (SD=8) years of experience and 51 were Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialists. Coaches reported high efficacy, frequent use of TLB, and development of a moderately high task- and somewhat ego-involving motivational climate. Correlations between demographic variables and CEB, TLB, and motivational climate development revealed three significant relationships: years of experience with CEB, and professional development activities and athlete to coach ratio with ego-involving climate development. CEB and TLB had a strong positive correlation. Two regression analyses were conducted to determine if the outcomes of the CEB and TLB measures predicted motivational climate development. The only significant predictor was TLB positively predicting development of a task-involving motivational climate. Strength coaches can utilize the findings of this study help shape their leadership behaviors and develop a task-involving motivational climate that emphasizes effort, improvement, and cooperative learning and is optimal for athlete development and performance.
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Chipumuro, Juliet. "The relationship between leaders’ emotional intelligence and followers’ motivational behaviour and organisational commitment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/484.
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Over the past few years, emotional intelligence (EI) has generated significant interest and a wealth of research as a possible area of insight into what determines outstanding performance in the workplace (Ashworth, 2013:8; Pillay, Viviers and Mayer, 2013:1). The internal environment of organisations in the labour-intense hospitality industry is complex and dynamic. Given the unpredictability of change, the researcher found the hospitality industry to be an intriguing milieu within which to ascertain the importance of EI in predicting leaders’ effectiveness as a measure of outstanding performance. As employees are the internal customers of any hotel organisation, representing many hotel organisations’ only true competitive advantage, the purpose of this quantitative investigation was to examine the relationship between leaders’ EI and followers’ motivational behaviour and organisational commitment. Despite the intuitive plausibility of the assumption that leaders who exhibit EI competencies contribute to outstanding performance, the issue of followers’ motivational behaviour and organisational commitment as leadership indices has received little empirical attention. This study sets out to integrate prior findings on EI, motivation and organisational commitment, to support these findings in literature, and to incorporate these findings into a comprehensive conceptual framework. Using critical realists’ post-positivistic philosophical assumptions, the researcher used the Emotional and Social Competencies Inventory (ESCI) to assess leaders’ EI. Furthermore, the Motivational Sources Inventory (MSI) was used to assess followers’ motivational behaviour, while Organisational Commitment Scales (OCS) were used to assess followers’ organisational commitment. The survey respondents consisted of 120 leaders and 435 followers from 13 hotels in four prominent hotel groups in South Africa. The quantitative data collected from the surveys was analysed quantitatively using SPSS to reach substantial results with inferences. The analysis of variance revealed an overall positive relationship between demographic variables and Leaders EI, followers’ motivational behaviour and followers’ organisational commitment. The correlational analysis revealed positive relationships between leaders’ EI and followers’ motivational behaviour and organisational commitment (R= 0.05-, p<0.01) except for instrumental motivation. The correlation between leaders’ emotional self-awareness and followers’ intrinsic process motivation was somewhat weak while the relationship between leaders’ emotional self-awareness and instrumental motivation was found to be sufficient, but statistically not significant. The researcher can conclude that generally the results of this study reveal that organisational leaders can positively influence the motivational behaviour and organisational commitment of their followers by enhancing their own EI competencies. The results add to the leadership literature by illuminating possible antecedents to leadership effectiveness. It is believed that this research will help the hospitality industry at large in clarifying the importance of EI competencies in leadership as a means of obtaining positive motivation behaviour and commitment from followers. Furthermore, the findings have both managerial and research implications for hospitality operations strategy formulation in order to gain competitive advantage and improve the financial position of the businesses.
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Barkworth, Julie. "Prisons, procedural justice and motivational posturing: Examining prisoners' well-being and compliance behaviour." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380563.
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Early penology literature identified some of the ‘pains’ of prison life prisoners are faced with (e.g., Sykes, 1958). How prisoners adapt to and cope with these pains can have detrimental effects on their general well-being and psychological distress. Prisoners are much more likely than the general population to experience stress, anxiety and depression, which increases their risk of self-harm and suicide (e.g., Cooper & Berwick, 2001). It is therefore important to find ways to improve prisoners’ well-being and reduce distress while in prison. Some prisoners may ‘act out’ by disregarding staff directives and prison rules as a way to regain and maintain some degree of personal power and control when faced with the reality of their environment. In doing so, the order required to maintain a healthy and stable prison is compromised. Staff-prisoner relationships are consistently shown to be important for maintaining order in prisons. However, order not only relies on what staff do, but on prisoners voluntarily cooperating with staff and willingly complying with prison rules and procedures. A growing body of literature demonstrates procedural justice to be effective for improving prisoners’ well-being and psychological distress, and reducing prisoner misconduct (e.g., Beijersbergen et al., 2014, 2015; Reisig & Mesko, 2009). However, little has been done to examine for whom, and under what conditions, procedural justice may be most effective. Research in other regulatory contexts (e.g., taxation, policing) has begun to examine the role of motivational postures in the relationship between procedural justice and compliance behaviours. Motivational postures measure the extent of social distancing people place between themselves and authorities (Braithwaite, 2003, 2009). The current study uses Braithwaite’s (2003) motivational posturing framework to understand whether procedural justice has different effects on cooperation and compliance behaviour for prisoners in Australia. Utilising self-report survey data from 177 male prisoners, and official prison records from 129 of those respondents, in four maximum security prisons in Queensland, Australia, this thesis addresses six research questions. Results from this research demonstrate that: 1) prisoners who view staff as procedurally just also report higher levels of general well-being and lower levels of psychological distress; 2) prisoners who view staff as procedurally just are also more likely to perceive them as legitimate, and are more willing to cooperate with staff and comply with prison rules and procedures; 3) perceived staff legitimacy (i.e., obligation to obey staff) partially mediates the relationship between procedural justice and cooperation, and fully mediates the relationship between procedural justice and compliance; 4) Braithwaite’s five motivational posturing styles are present among Australian prisoners; 5) procedural justice is positively related to deference postures (i.e., commitment) and negatively related to defiance postures (i.e., resistance, disengagement and game-playing); and finally, 6) three of the five motivational postures (i.e., commitment, resistance and disengagement) were found to have either mediating and/or moderating effects on the relationship between procedural justice and self-reported cooperation, self-reported compliance and actual compliance. This thesis provides important contributions to procedural justice and motivational posturing literature, and has important implications for developing evidence-based best-practices for prison staff to more effectively engage with and manage prisoners.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Crim & Crim Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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O'Brien, Kimberly E. "Self-Determination Theory and locus of control as antecedents of voluntary workplace behaviors." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000379.
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Kim, Kakyom. "Travel behaviors of U.S. university students travel involvement, push motivations, pull motivations, satisfaction, and destination loyalty /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Community, Agriculture, Recreation, and Resource Studies, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-138). Also issued in print.