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1
Zavydivska, O. "THE ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF FORMATION THE READINESS OF FUTURE MANAGERS TO CREATE A HEALTH-ORIENTED ENVIRONMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION." Innovative Solution in Modern Science 6, no. 42 (October 16, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26886/2414-634x.6(42)2020.1.
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The motivational factors of formation the readiness of future managers to create a health-oriented environment of the organization after the introduction of a specially created complementary-integrative technology into the educational process are substantiated and analyzed. The results of the formation of the motivational and personal component of readiness of future managers to create a health-oriented environment of organization are presented. The dynamics of levels of motivation to avoid failures and motivation to risk as additional qualitative characteristics of this component are highlighted. It is declared that the motivation of future managers to achieve success prevails. Two circumstances reinforce the guideline for success: the ability to take risks; ability to avoid failures, but not be afraid to introduce health-preserving innovations into work processes.Key words: future managers, the motivational and personal component, motivation to success, motivation to risk, motivation to avoid failures.
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Lampusova, V. B., L. Yu Orekhova, and L. I. Shalamay. "Educational motivation of the senior students of Dental faculty." Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University 26, no. 4 (March 21, 2020): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2019-26-4-34-39.
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Introduction. The question of learning motivation turns out to be the leading one in psychology of study. The content and structure of motivation form a certain motivational level of a student as well as the degree of his educational activity. During the years of study at the university, the correlation of motives changes, influencing the academic progress of the students.The objective of our study was to investigate the motivation peculiarities of educational activity in 4th year-students of the Faculty of Dentistry.Methods and materials. Forty-eight 4th year – students of the Faculty of Dentistry were analyzed for the structure of their motivation to study. The techniques and methods used in the study were «Studying the motives of students` learning activities» by A. A. Rean and V. A. Yakunin, «Motivation for university education» by T. I. Ilyina, «Motivation for success» and «Motivation to avoid failures» by T. Ehlers.Results. The learning activity of dental students is supported by many motives. The strongest leading motives are professional, educational, and cognitive motives as well as motivation for obtaining a diploma. The motivational sphere of students embraces both external and internal motives that do not depend on external stimuli. The students are equally aimed at gaining knowledge and mastering the profession. In the sphere of motivation, the students have both motivations for achieving success, and the motives for avoiding failures. The methods of forming positive learning motivation in the classes of 4-year dentistry students are given.Conclusion. The educational activity of dental students is supported by professional, educational, cognitive, and pragmatic motives. The structure of motivation includes both external and internal motives that give it stability. Students are satisfied with their chosen profession, and their educational activities are not compelled. The dental students have motivations for archiving success and the motives for avoiding failures, expressed to a greater extend. It must be taken into account in motivational support.Authors declare no conflict of interest.The authors confirm that they respect the rights of the people participated in the study, including obtaining informed consent when it is necessary, and the rules of treatment of animals when they are used in the study. Author Guidelines contains the detailed information.
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Gilb, Tom. "No cure no pay: How to contract for software services." Computer Science and Information Systems 4, no. 1 (2007): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis0701029g.
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Contractual motivation is needed to avoid costly project failures and improve the delivery of stakeholder value. Only if the supplier management is made to feel the pain of project failure will it strive to avoid it. The current culture of rewarding failure, by paying for systems development work regardless of the product delivered, must be altered. Such contractual motivation must be supported by quantitative requirements and evolutionary delivery. Quantitative requirements allow project progress and success to be measured enabling monitoring and testing for contractual compliance Evolutionary delivery (that is, delivering early high value in small increments and using feedback from deliverables to determine future increments) allows early reporting of the ability of systems development to deliver and so enables any required corrective actions. Note: This paper specifically addresses the software problem, but the ideas most likely apply to the wider systems engineering problem to some interesting degree as well .
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Ovchinnikov, Anatoly A., Aklima N. Sultanova, Pavel A. Maksimenko, Yuliya V. Sarycheva, and Tatyana A. Shpiks. "PATIENT COMPLIANCE AND MOTIVATION FOR THE REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SEREBROVASCULAR EVENT." Diabetes mellitus LI, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm10047.
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The aim of research was to study adherence to treatment and motivation for recovery in patients with stroke. It was revealed that with a low level of commitment, there is a strategy to avoid failures, low rates of social support and levels of achievement; a high level of adherence to treatment is shaped by the motivation to success, general internality, internality in the field of achievements. An important component in the success of the patient’s adherence to therapeutic recommendations is the human micro-social environment - family, friends, work colleagues, roommates, and others.
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Littig, Lawrence W. "MOTIVATION AND CLASS MOBILITY IN ENGLAND: LONGITUDINAL EVIDENCE OF A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 18, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1990.18.1.81.
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Relationships between motive to avoid failure and long-term occupational social class mobility were examined. Individuals low in motive to avoid failure, operationalized as test anxiety, were upwardly mobile in social class level of occupational attainment from 1966 to 1985; individuals high in motive to avoid failure were not. A cause-effect relationship was inferred; a strong avoidance motive inhibited upward occupational class mobility. The data suggest that individuals with high motive to avoid failure reach a ceiling occupational class level at a relatively early age whereas individuals with low motive to avoid failure continue longer to achieve further upward mobility. Implications of motive causality are discussed.
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Grachev, A. S. "How Achievement Motivation Influences the Attitude of Schoolchildren and Students Towards Independent Sports Activities." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2019-0004.
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Summary Purpose: to determine the relationship between achievement motivation and the attitudes of schoolchildren of 11-17 years old and students of 18-21 years old to independent sports and passing control standards in the discipline \”Physical Education\”. Material: 1576 schoolchildren (boys n = 780 and girls n = 796) of comprehensive schools of Belgorod, Stary Oskol, Stroitel and Shebekino (Belgorod region, Russian Federation) and 246 students (men n = 127) were surveyed. and women n = 119) Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov (Belgorod, Russian Federation). The questionnaire consisted of three blocks of questions: the 1st block of questions - questions aimed at determining the age, sex, place of study of the respondent; 2nd block of questions - 8 questions, allowing to assess the attitude of the respondent to independent sports activities and the desire to take control standards of the discipline Y’Physical Education\”; 3rd block of questions is a test of 20 questions, developed by A.A. Rean, to assess the motivation to achieve success and avoid failures. Results: the motivation for avoiding failures was diagnosed in 5% male students and 10% female students. A direct correlation between achievement motivation and the attitude of schoolchildren and students towards independent sports activities and passing control standards has been revealed. Conclusions: there are no differences in the correlation between the relationship between achievement motivation and attitudes toward independent sports by gender. Schoolchildren and students with motivation to achieve regular self-exercise. Schoolchildren and students with a pronounced motivation for avoiding failures prefer a passive way of life. They do not want to pass standards on the discipline \”Physical Education\” and do not go in for sports on their own.
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Menchaca, Velma D. "Achievement Motivation in Mexican-American Eighth Grade Students." Psychological Reports 72, no. 3 (June 1993): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.3.971.
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120 eighth grade students of two ethnic groups in South Texas, Mexican-American and Anglo-American, were administered an instrument to assess their achievement motivation and a measure of socioeconomic status. The former was designed to examine whether the students were motivated to achieve success or to avoid failure. Analysis indicated no significant differences between the two ethnic groups in achievement motivation, yet on socioeconomic status, differences were noted. Mexican-American students report the same motivation to succeed and to avoid failure as do Ango-American students.
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Polianychko, Olena, Olena Lakhtadyr, Anatoly Yeretyk, Volodymyr Korotya, and Tetiana Sovgiria. "Influence of football amateur motivation." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 8(139) (August 20, 2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.8(139).11.
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The rampant development of Ukrainian amateur football encourages scientists to conduct study concerning the motivation of sportsmen to train and participate in competitions. The football players in the endeavor to succeed, to satisfy the necessity to be a member of a team integrated by common aims, interests and motifs. The aim of our study was to reveal the peculiarities of the influence of motivation to play football of amateur sportsmen of FT of Kyiv on their competitive activity. The amateur football players of "Stina" FT, 1 League, Kyiv and "Darnytsia" FT, 2 League, Kyiv took voluntary participation in the study, aged 20 to 45 years of each club, respectively, a total of 40 sportsmen.
We studied the issue of the influence of motivation on competitive activity in amateur football with the help of the following method: "Motives for playing sports" by A.V. Shaboltas and the test "Motivation for success" by T. Ehlers.
In accordance with the study, the main motives of sports activities of football amateurs of both teams are the following: the motive to succeed in sports, the motive of physical self-affirmation, sports-cognitive motive, which testify to the goal orientation of amateur football players in the process of the game on the field. Among the dominant motives of "Stina" FT amateur sportsmen are the motive of success in sports; motive of physical self-affirmation, civic and patriotic motive, which allows the team to maintain quite high rating in the standings during 2019. An inexpressive motivational pole of the football players of "Stina" FT has a tendency to succeed 40%, compared with a tendency to fail 20%. Motivation among 70% of "Darnytsia" FT players is focused on avoiding failures, which is evidence of unformed positive game motivation, volition to avoid discomfort, related to the possible failures. Motivation to succeed prevails among the players of "Stina" FT, which is 80% of the team. We observe that the percentage of sportsmen whose motivation is focused on success is higher among "Stina" FT football players of "Darnytsia" FT. The amateur football players of 1 League have a well-formed and well-ordered motivation to succeed. Leading place in the hierarchy of motives takes the motivation for success, which is related to self-determination of team players.
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Studer, Bettina, Carolin Koch, Stefan Knecht, and Tobias Kalenscher. "Conquering the inner couch potato: precommitment is an effective strategy to enhance motivation for effortful actions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1766 (December 31, 2018): 20180131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0131.
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Letting effort-free gratification derail us from effort-requiring goals is one reason why we fail to realize health-relevant intentions like ‘exercise regularly’. We tested the effectiveness of the self-control strategy precommitment in such effort-related conflicts, using a novel laboratory choice paradigm, where participants could precommit to an effort-requiring large reward by pre-eliminating an effort-free small reward from their choice set. Our participants used precommitment frequently and effectively, such that they reached effort-requiring large rewards more often. Using computational modelling and Bayesian model comparisons, we assessed whether participants employed precommitment to avoid anticipated willpower failures (i.e. as a self-regulatory measure) or to maximize their motivation to choose the effort-requiring option (i.e. as a self-motivational measure). Observed choices and precommitment decisions were consistent with the motivation maximization hypothesis, but not the willpower hypothesis. Our findings show that offering precommitment is effective in helping individuals optimize their motivation and choice behaviour and thereby achieve effort-requiring goals, and strongly encourage application of precommitment schemes in exercise and rehabilitation interventions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications’.
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Thomassen, Tor Oskar, and Hallgeir Halvari. "Achievement Motivation and Involvement in Sport Competitions." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3_suppl (December 1996): 1363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3f.1363.
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213 pupils ( M = 17.2 yr.) were tested on the motive to achieve success, the motive to avoid failure, future time orientation, perceived instrumentality of cognitive and physical tasks at school, and the involvement in sport competitions. Analysis shows a significant positive correlation between the scores on motive to achieve success and the amounts of competitive involvement in sport. Conversely, the motive to avoid failure was negatively correlated with the involvement in sport. Further, a positive significant correlation for the involvement in sport competitions with perceived instrumentality of physical or sport tasks at school appeared. The relations were similar for both girls and boys. An hypothetical model based on hierarchical regression of the data showed that all independent variables affected involvement in sport competitions directly or indirectly.
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Han, Jing, and Qingsheng Lu. "A Correlation Study among Achievement Motivation, Goal-Setting and L2 Learning Strategy in EFL Context." English Language Teaching 11, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n2p5.
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Achievement motivation as one of the most important parts in learning motivation indicates a concern with success in competition with some standard of excellence. Learners who are highly motivated to learn a language are likely to use a variety of strategies. Besides achievement motivation, goal setting, a very important cognitive mediator between motivational antecedents and motivational behaviour, becomes another variable influencing learners’ strategy use. Therefore, the current study will focus the influence of achievement motivation and goal setting on learners' strategy use, aiming to deal with (1) the typical types of learning strategies held by the college students under investigation; (2) effect of different levels of achievement motivation on the use of learning strategies; (3) the relationship among goal-setting, learning strategies and achievement motivation. The results show that compensation and metacognitive strategies are reported as being used the most frequently, followed by cognitive and affective strategies, while the three least frequently used individual strategies involve “use words differently”, “start L2 conversation”, and “ask for native’s help”. Concerning the relationship between achievement motivation and strategy use, motive to achieve success (Ms) is positively and significantly correlated with four of the six types of learning strategies, i.e. cognitive, metacognitive, affective and social strategies. On the contrary, motive to avoid failure (Mf) is negatively but not significantly correlated with all the strategies. With regard to goal-setting and strategy use, the study shows that all six learning strategies are significantly correlated with goal-setting except affective strategies. As to relationship between goal-setting and achievement motivation, motive to achieve success (Ms) has significant positive relations with three levels of goal-setting, while motive to avoid failure (Mf) is positively related to “short-term goal” and “mastery goal”.
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High, Radka. "MOTIVATIONAL STRUCTURE OF YOUNG CHEMISTS." Journal of Education Culture and Society 10, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20192.255.269.
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Aim: the goal of this study is to investigate the motivational structure of participants of Chemistry Olympiad summer camps. The participants are young students who achieved the best results in chemistry olympiads. Chemistry is one of the least popular subjects among czech students and therefore is important to understand what motivates extraordinary, or gifted students, to learn.
Methods: participants (N=38) completed a combination of qualitative and/or quantitative questionnaires. The primary questionnaire, known as the Motivational Induction Method (MIM), is a quality-quantitative questionnaire that uses the principle of open-ended questions. This method can provided a deep understanding of participants´ plans, desires and wishes but also fears, inhibitions or problems. Other questionnaires used were: the Learning Motivation questionnaire and the Achievement Motivation questionnaire which measure the sources of motivation and proportion of achievement needs, respectively.
Result: the MIM questionnaire, providing qualitative-quantitative analysis, showed that participants´motivation was mainly focused on self (identity) and contact with others (social motivation). The Learning Motivation questionnaires revealed that the two most important motivational sources for learning chemistry were: one, the acquisition of a good profession in the future (instrumental motivation); and two, cognitive movitavation, or simply the positive feeling one experiences from learning something new. The Achievement Motivational questionnaires revealed that participants´ need to avoid failure was lower in comparison to general pupils.
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Reichert, Bernhard E., and Alexander Woods. "Does Motivational Orientation Impact the Effectiveness of Incentive Contracts?" Journal of Management Accounting Research 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-51539.
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ABSTRACT Research in psychology has identified that individuals have two distinct neurologically based motivational systems. One system is the behavioral activation system (BAS), which activates individual motivation in response to signals of reward in order to “achieve success.” The second system is the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which activates motivation in response to signals of goal conflict in order to “avoid failure.” We predict and find that a stronger, rather than weaker, BIS attenuates the positive effect of sensitive performance measures on performance. In contrast, the BAS does not moderate the effect of performance measure sensitivity on performance.
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Mykhaylyshyn, Ulyana В. "PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MOTIVATIONAL SPHERE OF DRUG ADDICTS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 2 (2019): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201902103.
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Introduction: The article considers the psychological features of motivational sphere of drug addicts. The article presents the results of the empirical study of the specifics of motivational sphere of drug addicts with the subsequent statistical analysis. The aim of this study is to identify psychological characteristics of motivational sphere of drug addicts. Materials and methods: The research has been conducted at Transcarpathian Oblast Narcological Dispensary (Uzhhorod, Ukraine). The experiment involved 30 drug addicts of different age and sexes. In order to diagnose the motivational sphere of drug addicts, the following methods have been used: Diagnostics of motivation to avoid failure by T. Ehlers; Measuring the motivation to success by T. Ehlers; Diagnostics of risk attitude by G. Schubert. Results: It has been found that the determining factors of motivation for drug abuse are: social and psychological conditions of life, factors of group influence, direct psychophysiological influence of drugs, daring illusory satisfaction. It has been determined that young people with unstable spiritual needs and lack of stable positive interests are the category who is the most inclined to drug abuse. Conclusions: The data of statistical, quantitative and qualitative analysis has been obtained allowing concluding that the development of destructive motivation affects the inclination to using the narcotic substances.
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Шейнов, В. П. "RELATIONSHIP OF VICTIMIZATION WITH EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION TO AVOID BAD LUCK." Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Социальная и экономическая психология, no. 1(17) (March 31, 2020): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.38098/ipran.sep.2020.17.1.006.
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Целью данного исследования была проверка гипотез о взаимосвязи виктимизации личности с ее внешним локусом контроля и мотивацией избегания неудач. Виктимизация - событие насилия или опыт переживания насилия, процесс и результат превращения индивида в жертву преступного посягательства. Необходимость изучения виктимизации объясняется ее широким распространением в обществе и многочисленными отрицательными последствиями для ее жертв. Степень виктимизации испытуемых оценивалась по авторской методике, локус контроля - по модифицированной шкале Дж. Роттера, мотивация достижения успеха или избегания неудач с помощью адаптированного опросника А. Мехрабиана. В исследовании принял участие 641 респондент - 362 женщины и 279 мужчин в возрасте от 17 до 77 лет - представители разных профессий, статусов и регионов проживания. Установлено, что для участников исследования общая и реализованная виктимизация, агрессивное и некритичное поведение положительно связаны с экстернальностью. У представителей женского пола при зависимом поведении есть также значимая положительная связь с экстернальностью. Общая виктимизация респондентов, агрессивное и зависимое поведение положительно коррелируют с мотивацией к избеганию неудач; с последней также положительно связана реализованная виктимизация у женщин и девушек. С возрастом у женщин снижается склонность к виктимизации за счет уменьшения агрессивной составляющей. Подтверждается положительная связь между экстернальностью и мотивацией избегания неудач. Полученные результаты развивают, дополняют и конкретизируют результаты соответствующих зарубежных исследований. Victimization is an event of violence or the experience of experiencing violence, the process and result of turning an individual into a victim of a criminal assault. The need to study victimization is explained by its wide distribution in society and the many negative consequences for its victims. The purpose of this study is to test hypotheses about the relationship in the Russian-speaking society of victimization with external locus control and the motivation for avoiding failure. The objectives of the study: 1) to identify possible relationships between the components of victimization and externalism and the motivation to avoid failure for men, women, boys and girls; 2) to discover the general and differences for these groups of individuals; 3) compare the results with the findings of foreign researchers. The degree of victimization of the subjects was assessed by the author’s method, the locus of control - using the modified Rotter scale, and the motivation to achieve success or avoid failure - by the adapted Mehrabian questionnaire. The study involved 641 subjects - 362 women and 279 men aged 17 to 77 years - representatives of different professions, statuses and regions of residence. Statistical analysis of the test results was carried out using the SPSS package - 20.00. It has been established that for men, women, boys and girls, general and implemented victimization, aggressive and uncritical behavior are positively associated with externality. Female with addictive behavior also has a significant positive relationship with externality. For men, women, boys and girls, general victimization, aggressive and dependent behavior positively correlate with motivation to avoid failure; the latter is also positively associated with implemented victimization in women and girls. With age in women, the tendency to victimization decreases due to a decrease in the aggressive component. There is a positive relationship between externality and the motivation to avoid failure. The results obtained develop, supplement and specify the results of relevant foreign studies.
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Zilcher, Ladislav, and Helena Vomáčková. "ROMA AMONG STUDENTS ENDANGERED AND UNENDANGERED BY SCHOOL FAILURE: CZECH REPUBLIC STUDY." ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 12, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/20.12.34.
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The research was focused on monitoring the differences between primary and lower secondary school pupils in the Czech Republic in terms of their needs “to be successful” or “to avoid failure”. Its aim was to analyse the motivation of pupils divided by teachers into two groups: students endangered and those not endangered by school failure. The research approach was based on the application of the standardized School Performance Motivation Questionnaire. Through its twelve indicators, the differences between the above-mentioned groups of students were analysed with a special respect to the students belonging to the Roma ethnic group. The research used indicators of descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, mode). The process of comparation of the acquired data confirmed differences in motivation of the group of students endangered by school failure as compared to that of unendangered by school failure. Pupils at risk of school failure showed a lower need to be successful than their classmates from the group at risk. Students at risk of school failure showed a lower need to be successful than their classmates from the other group. Also within these groups were found differences between the motivation of Roma pupils and their classmates. The Roma preferred the need to avoid failure much more strongly. The findings are important for educational practice because the ratio of the two needs identified affects pupils' learning strategies and affects not only the effectiveness of their learning, but also their relationship to cognition and school in general. Keywords: performance motivation, endangered students, unendangered students, Roma students, non-Roma students, descriptive analysis, school motivation indicators.
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Loi, Michela, Barbara Barbieri, Manuel Castriotta, and Maria Chiara Di Guardo. "Strive towards a good performance or avoid a failure performance in entrepreneurship education: a look into growth and independence-oriented intentions." Education + Training 63, no. 4 (January 26, 2021): 513–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-08-2020-0254.
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PurposePrior studies on entrepreneurial intention have shown that different orientations exist regarding entrepreneurial engagement: one looking at the growth of a venture (growth-oriented) and the other looking at the maintenance of an entrepreneurial autonomy (independence-oriented). Filling a gap in the literature concerning the reasons why individuals develop different orientations of entrepreneurial intention, this study revolves around achievement goal motivation (mastery, performance and avoidance approaches) and self-regulatory modes (locomotion and assessment), since both are thought to be at the origin and maintenance of an action willingness.Design/methodology/approachIn a sample of 209 undergraduates, we administered a structured questionnaire at the beginning of an elective entrepreneurship education programme. Through a set of hierarchical regressions we examined the specific role of achievement goal motivation and regulatory modes in relation to the two orientations of intention.FindingsOur findings show that, on the one hand, growth-oriented intention is related to a performance approach and both locomotion and assessment regulatory modes. On the other hand, independence-oriented intention is related to an avoidance approach.Research limitations/implicationsThese results illuminate the theoretical connections between entrepreneurial intention and motivation and provide implications for entrepreneurship education and the relationship between intention and consequent behaviour.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to provide an empirical exploration of the motivational and regulatory drivers that lie beneath a growth-oriented and an independent-oriented intention, offering a theoretical explanation about the development of different intentions towards venture creation. Our findings illuminate on the urgency to consider entrepreneurial intention as a multi-dimensional construct if we are to understand the intention-behaviour nexus.
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Schmidt, Charles P., Stephen F. Zdzinski, and Dennis L. Ballard. "Motivation Orientations, Academic Achievement, and Career Goals of Undergraduate Music Education Majors." Journal of Research in Music Education 54, no. 2 (July 2006): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002242940605400205.
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This study is an examination of motivation orientations (mastery, intrinsic, cooperative, individual, competition, ego, approach success, avoid failure, hypercompetition, personal development competition) and musical self-concept in relation to measures of academic achievement and career goals of preservice music teachers. The research questions addressed (a) relations among motivation and self-concept variables and their underlying factors, and (b) relations between the motivation and self-concept variables and academic achievement, class level, sex, and immediate and long-term career goals. Participants were 148 undergraduate music education majors from three American universities. A survey was administered to measure the motivation constructs and to gather information concerning academic achievement, demographic variables, and career goals. Of the subjects surveyed, 69. 4 % reported public school teaching as an immediate career goal, and 49.3 % reported it as a long-term goal. Significantly greater numbers of women (62.7%) than men (3 7.3 %) indicated public school teaching as the long term goal. Means for self concept in music dif fered by university, while means for motivation and frequencies for career goals did not. Factor analysis revealed five factors: Competitive/Ego, Achieve Success/Avoid Failure, Cooperative vs. Individual, Intrinsic/Mastery, and Personal Development Competition. Significant but low correlations were found between Personal Development Competition and class level. Motivation and self-concept variables were not correlated with academic achievement variables and generally did not differ by sex or class level. Differences in motivation and musical self-concept by immediate and long-term career goal categories were nonsignificant.
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Єрмолаєва, Ярослава. "Influence of motivation to achieve success and avoid failure on athletic performance in sport dance." Theory and Methods of Physical Education and Sports, no. 4 (October 23, 2014): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32652/tmfvs.2014.4.104-106.
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Cock, Dagfinn, and Halgeir Halvari. "Relations among Achievement Motives, Autonomy, Performance in Mathematics, and Satisfaction of Pupils in Elementary School." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3 (June 1999): 983–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3.983.
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Based on a literature review a model of motivation was constructed with dispositional achievement motives at the global level, relative autonomy at the context-specific level, and performance and satisfaction in school at the criterion level. Among 110 elementary-school pupils, assessments included the Achievement Motives Scale for achievement motives, the Self-regulation Questionnaire for relative autonomy, the Mathematics Test for Children, and the Satisfaction at School Scale. Both bivariate and multiple regression analyses yielded the following significant results: (i) The motive to achieve success correlated positively and the motive to avoid failure correlated negatively with relative autonomy at school. (ii) The motive to avoid failure correlated negatively with performance in mathematics. (iii) Satisfaction in school correlated. positively with the motive to achieve success, relative autonomy, and performance. The results are discussed in relation to achievement motivation and self-determination theory.
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Khrisanfova, Lyudmila A., and Irina A. Sibiryakova. "PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES OF THE MOTIVATIONAL SPHERE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF VARIOUS PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATIONS." Vestnik Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics, no. 1 (2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2020-26-1-72-76.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological characteristics, features of the motivational sphere and the interconnections between them among students of various professional orientations. What is used includes colour metaphor method, the Big Five Personality Test. Subjects include – 107 mathematicians and 55 athletes. The universal leading motive for self-determination, characteristic of youth, is identifi ed. Gender and occupational differences in the hierarchy of motives and in the relationships between motives and personality characteristics are found. Young athletes, unlike mathematicians, are more practical. Female athletes are more extroverted than female mathematicians. Extroversion is associated with motives that involve active interaction with other people. Introversion involves targeting signifi cant people. Motivation to avoid failure is characteristic of ones disciplined, not prone to showing affection, characteristic of passive subjects. Motivation to succeed with dedication and awareness of their responsibilities is characteristic of subjects with developed self-control, with emotional social connections, is related to the shaping infl uence of the family and the mother.
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Nnah Ugoani, John Nkeobuna. "Budget Management and Organizational Effectiveness in Nigeria." Business, Management and Economics Research, no. 52 (February 15, 2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/bmer.52.33.39.
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The study examined the relationship between budget management and organizational effectiveness. Budget management is a useful mechanism for enhancing managerial behavior and necessary in motivating managers towards the achievement of organizational objectives. Organizational effectiveness is the reflection of how well resources are used by management that results to productivity and overall profitability. Budget management reinforces planning, coordination, motivation, communication as well as top management action. The exploratory research design was used for the study, and through data analysis, it was found that budget management has positive correlation with organizational effectiveness. The study suggests that management at all levels and times must ensure that deviations from budget are checked to avoid mismanagement and enterprise failure.
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Karapetyan, L. V., and E. A. Redina. "Psychologists’ motivational readiness to provide emergency psychological assistance in emergency situations." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-1-107-115.
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Relevance. Working in extreme conditions requires from psychologists involved in the implementation of measures for emergency rescue and other urgent work, not only to change the usual working conditions, but also to work effectively to provide emergency psychological assistance (EPA) to victims. At the same time, the motives for their participation in such events are very variable, and differ not only in content, but also in the degree of expression, since not all specialists are ready for such a format of professional activity.Intention: To study the degree of motivational readiness of psychologists to provide emergency psychological assistance to victims, as well as to identify the features of the motivational sphere that determine the participation of specialists in this type of professional activity.Methodology. We examined 117 psychologists using a questionnaire on the self-assessment of the motivational readiness of psychologists to provide emergency psychological assistance and the assessment of the leading motives that stimulate participation in this type of professional activity. Standardized psychodiagnostic techniques were also used: “Test of life orientations” (adaptation by D.A. Leontiev), questionnaire “Motivation for success and fear of failure” (A.A. Rean), questionnaire for study motivation to achieve success and motivation to avoid failure (T. Ehlers), questionnaire “Diagnosis of the motivational structure of the individual” (V.E. Milman). Results and Discussion. The results of the self-assessment questionnaire on the motivational readiness of psychologists to provide emergency psychological assistance showed that, in general, psychologists positively assess themselves according to this criterion (6.4 ± 2.2 out of 10 possible points). 46 % of psychologists have a high level of its formation, 36.5 % – average, 17.5 % of psychologists – low. The motivational readiness of psychologists has a 4-component structure and is made up of professional, hedonistic and emotional motives, and motives of recognition. The use of standardized psychodiagnostic methods demonstrated that motivational readiness to provide emergency psychological assistance is associated with the desire to achieve success, the idea of oneself as a strong person who has freedom of choice and independently controls the events of one’s own life, the desire for a high social status, the focus on creative activity and social utility.Conclusion. The studied features of motivational readiness of psychologists can be used for differentiated training of psychologists to provide emergency psychological assistance, and also taken into account for selecting specialists of this profile to work in extreme conditions.
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Makhmudova, Irina N. "Reasons for the professional deformation of intelligence officers." Vestnik of Samara University. Economics and Management 12, no. 2 (August 5, 2021): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0461-2021-12-2-147-153.
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The article reveals the psychological mechanism of professional and psychological behavior ofintelligence officers in conditions of risk. Professional deformation is associated mainly with the specifics of theprofession, the situation in which special services specialists have to work. The motives of the readiness to act in theregime of extreme danger and increased danger are revealed. The factors influencing the specifics of the behavior of different employees to act differently in the same situations are described. The theoretical understanding of personality and internal locus-control is given. In this regard, these motives and non-motives of risk are revealed, as well as risk for the sake of. The reasons why there is a probability of personnel risks in the organization are revealed. A comparative characteristic of the concepts of "stress resistance" and "self-control" is given. The influence of the propensity of aspecial services specialist to take risks on his psychological readiness to take action in the extreme mode is shown. The relationship between risk readiness and motivation to avoid failures is described. An explanation is given why older employees are less prepared for risky actions in non-standard situations.
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Schmidt, Charles P. "Relations among Motivation, Performance Achievement, and Music Experience Variables in Secondary Instrumental Music Students." Journal of Research in Music Education 53, no. 2 (July 2005): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002242940505300204.
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The purpose of this study was to (1) reexamine academic achievement motivation orientations within the context of instrumental music, and (2) examine relations among achievement motivation orientations, self-concept in instrumental music, and attitude to band in relation to teachers' ratings of performance achievement and effort, and students' grade level, gender, instrument, self-reported practice time, and selected music experience variables. Participants ( N= 300) were band students (Grades 7-12) in four school districts. Data were gathered concerning students' (a) motivation orientations (mastery, intrinsic, individual, cooperative, ego, competitive, approach success, avoid failure), self-concept, and commitment to band; (b) instrument, grade level and gender, practice time per week, and experience in private lessons, solo festival, and all-county band; and (c) performance achievement and effort as rated by their teachers. Results indicated that ratings of performance and effort were most strongly correlated with self-concept and intrinsic motivation, respectively. Practice time was most strongly correlated with intrinsic motivation. Factor analysis revealed three factors of motivation: Learning/Task Orientation, Performance/Ego Orientation, and Individual Orientation. The factors essentially replicated those found in a general academic achievement setting. Learning/Task Orientation was positively correlated with practice time, ratings of performance and effort, solo festival and private-lesson experience, and grade level. Performance/Ego Orientation was negatively correlated with grade level and solo festival ratings. Individual Orientation scores were positively correlated with ratings of performance and effort and solo festival ratings. Differences by gender and instrument group were nonsignificant. October 11, 2004 March 20, 2005.
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Žegunienė, Vaida, and Dalia Parišauskienė. "FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING: DIFFICULTIES AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE STUDY PROCESS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 26, 2017): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol3.2451.
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The idea about knowing well any foreign language is very inspirational. People who know two or more foreign languages are admired and give people a hope to learn a new language easily. Consequently, this nice idea ends with the difficulties that students face while learning a new language. Only the infinitive desire could help student to learn something new. Attempts are really important thing in learning language, but difficulties can stop and isolate from the learning process. Scientists constantly have been estimating various kinds of learning difficulties and people who are undergoing difficulties of their studies. Frequently students face with academic failures, but according to the scholars, there is a way to avoid them – making learning more modernized by incorporating various innovative technologies as a motivational tool.Teacher’s role, without any concerns, has a great influence on a person’s life. Intellectual development starting with the primary classes to the university auditoriums and even future career largely depends on a teacher, who is responsible for providing valuable information and deciding on the methods as well as motivational tools to be applied.The research and data acquired revealed the students’ attitude towards learning of foreign language. It was noted that it is a very complicated and laborious procedure requiring long time and sustained efforts. During the process of foreign language acquisition, as the research results demonstrate, students confront with variety of difficulties. The respondents noted that the most topical difficulties are as follows: poor knowledge from secondary school, lack of practice, inefficient time management, etc. Therefore, in order to achieve prodigious results, the process of efficient language acquisition has to incorporate new educational trends, innovative study methods and practices, and appropriate motivational tools. Students participating in the survey specified that they would be satisfied by participating in modern innovative teaching and learning activities and having more contact hours for their lectures, and although the role of motivation cannot be denied.
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Kichenok, N. V. "Psychological Characteristics of 16-18-Year-Old Tennis Players." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 4 (September 20, 2021): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.04.226.
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Physical education contributes to the rational solution of practical problems of general health, educational and upbringing nature, taking into account the analysis of the psychological aspects of physical education. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the psychology of tennis players. The comparative analysis revealed that among the respondents with high indicators of success the motivation to success affects the development of self-control, self-esteem, the level of pretensions. In the sample of unsuccessful athletes the level of attempts influences the development of self-esteem, emotional instability, and motivation to avoid failure. Emotional instability of the athlete reduces the level of self-control and motivation to succeed. Within the framework of the study of personal features of tennis players with the highest and lowest indicators of success, we received data that successful athletes are able to manage their feelings, thoughts, actions in conditions of emotional excitement or depression, growing fatigue, unexpected difficulties, failures and other unfavorable factors. The purpose of the study was to define psychological features of the personality of tennis players. Materials and methods. The sample size was 16 people (Irpin Sports School), 8 of them with high success rates (taking into account the results of competitions, the number of victories, the importance of competitions in which they participate), and 8 with low. The age of the subjects varied from 16 to 18 years, the respondents take part in tennis competitions, according to their age category. The following validated methods were used in the study: 1) "Willingness to take risks"; 2) "Self-actualization test"; 3) Diagnosis of personal attitude "Altruism-egoism". Results and discussion. According to the results of the study by the method of "Risk readiness" by Schubert, it was found that tennis players with high success rates of 62.5% have an average level of risk appetite, and 37.5% – a low level. In contrast, athletes with low success rates have an average level of 37.5%, a low level of 50%, and a high level of 12.5%. According to the results of the test "Altruism-egoism" we can see that tennis players with high success rates have a more pronounced selfish tendency (62.5% of respondents), while athletes with low success rates have a selfish tendency in 50%. Conclusion. As a result of the study, we found that the success and failure of the athlete in sports depends on the peculiarities of the personal characteristics of the athlete. The main characteristics of the psychology of a tennis player were also revealed, which helps to expand the knowledge of sports psychology in the field of tennis. This study can be the basis for further theoretical, empirical research, as well as methodological developments in the psychology of professional tennis
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Martin, Andrew J. "The Lethal Cocktail: Low Self-belief, Low Control, and High Fear of Failure." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 12 (November 2002): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100004568.
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Cluster analysis of school students' responses to the Student Motivation Scale (Martin, 2001, in press) identified two groups of students separated on the basis of their self-belief, sense of control, and fear of failure. The first group reflects failure avoidance and is represented by a lethal cocktail of low self-belief, low control, and high fear of failure. The second group reflects success orientation and is represented by high self-belief, high control, and low fear of failure. Follow-up analyses to validate these two clusters showed that the failure avoidant students were significantly higher in anxiety and pessimism and significantly lower in achievement. Implications are discussed for intervention and prevention aimed at enhancing students' self-belief and control and reducing students' fear of failure. Also discussed is the need to develop goals, incentives, and climates for students that draw them to attain success rather than drive them to avoid failure.
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Halvari, Hallgeir. "Personality and Educational Choice of General versus Vocational Studies among 16- to 19-Year-Olds." Psychological Reports 78, no. 3_suppl (June 1996): 1379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.3c.1379.
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Achievement motives, future time orientation, and perceived instrumentality of theoretical subjects were investigated in relation to educational choice of general versus vocational studies at secondary school. Among 257 students, multivariate regression of educational choice showed that the higher the scores on the motive to achieve success, the lower the scores on the motive to avoid failure, and the higher the scores on perceived instrumentality, the more likely a student will be to choose general, i.e., mainly theoretical, studies at secondary school. No significant effect of future time orientation on educational choice occurred. The results are discussed in relation to achievement motivation theory, school attachment and achievement, and implications for reform of the school system.
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Pishchik, Vlada. "INTERNAL PROFESSIONAL MOBILITY OF LYCEUM TEACHERS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT PAST GENERATIONS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8489.
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Purpose of the study: to identify the dynamics of internal professional mobility (level of motivation, pedagogical reflection, innovation orientation, style of educational communication) of teachers ‒ participants of the program to increase internal professional mobility. They belong to the “Transitional” generation, which appeared in the Soviet Union and the “Information” generation, which was established in the period of perestroika.
Methodology: The subjects of the study are high school teachers, Russia. The comparative psychodiagnostic method was used before and after the training program. The purpose of data collection was to fill in the methodology forms. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, methods for determining the significance of differences in indicators.
Main Findings: Before the program, teachers of the “Transition” generation expressed a desire to retrain and be active in innovation, and teachers of the “Information” generation expressed a desire to make suggestions. The motivation to avoid failure prevailed in the groups. Pedagogical reflection prevailed among teachers of the “Transitional” generation. After passing the program, teachers began to show motivation for achievement and teachers of the “Information” generation increased their pedagogical reflection.
Applications of this study: The research can be useful in the field of methodological support for improving internal professional mobility of teachers. Teachers must constantly change to offer new and interesting projects for students that belong to another generation. Internal attitudes, values, motivation, innovative orientation, and communication style of the teacher affect the success of students and reduce the stress of teaching activities.
Originality of this study: the study complements the idea of the influence of the factor ‒ generation ‒ on balancing the pedagogical activity of teachers, their readiness to change, and their high motivation to new projects. The professional mobility program increases their subjective well-being and harmonizes educational communication between teachers and students.
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Thomassen, Tor Oskar, and Hallgeir Halvari. "A Hierarchical Model of Approach Achievement Motivation and Effort Regulation during a 90-Min. Soccer Match." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 2 (October 2007): 609–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.2.609-635.
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Research indicates that effort close to the lactate threshold during a soccer match is of importance to succeed, so a prospective study was conducted and a hierarchical achievement motivation approach model tested in relation to effort regulation among 55 male high level soccer players ( M = 23.6 yr., SD = 4.3). The motive to achieve success was expected to be positively associated with the mastery goal, which would be positively associated with playing time close to the lactate threshold in the first soccer match period, and this positively associated with the same magnitude of effort in the second period. We also examined whether the mastery goal would mediate the link between the motive to achieve success and playing time close to the lactate threshold during the first period and also playing time close to the lactate threshold in the first period would mediate the link between the mastery goal and playing time at this effort level during the second period. LISREL analyses supported these predictions. Additional hierarchical polynomial multiple regression analyses indicated unexpected significant nonlinear associations between the motive to avoid failure and effort regulation. The latter is partly explained by ideas from the catastrophe theory.
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Park, Byung Il, and Jeoung Yul Lee. "The survival of the fittest in the global markets: multinational corporation challenge, evolution and decline." Management Decision 59, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-01-2021-081.
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PurposeThe purpose of this perspective paper is to answer the question of why some multinational corporations (MNCs) do not evolve and fail to avoid retrogression by natural selection in international business (IB) and to introduce eight papers selected for this special issue.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conceptually discuss the reasons for MNC failure by illustrating key motivations behind foreign direct investment (FDI) undertaken by MNCs based on internalization theory, the OLI paradigm and the OILL (i.e. OLI plus the learning motivation) paradigm. Then, the authors develop an evolutionary perspective to explore the survival of the fittest in the global markets and the natural selection of MNCs.FindingsThe eight papers selected for this special issue expand the authors’ understanding of globalized organizations' challenges, evolution and decline as well as offering a distinct opportunity to reconsider diverse extant theories about MNCs by suggesting an extension that accounts for the rise of various globalized organizations particularly in and from emerging markets.Originality/valueDespite increased numbers of MNCs, which struggle to survive and are faced with great risk of failure, the authors’ understanding of them still remains in infancy. While scholars have investigated diverse topics related to MNCs, existing studies have developed theories predominantly emphasizing MNC success. Thus, conventional theories in IB such as internalization theory and the OLI paradigm may not be sufficiently applicable to explain the phenomenon of MNC failure (i.e. MNC decline). Based on authors’ discussions, the authors believe this is an appropriate time to refine mainstream IB theories by concurrently considering both evolution and retrogression.
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COSTA, Eliana Dantas da, Glaucia Maria Bovi AMBROSANO, and Camila PINELLI. "Behavior and perceptions of hand hygiene practices among dental students." RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia 64, no. 4 (December 2016): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-8637201600030000113044.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate behavior and perception of hand hygiene practices among undergraduate students in a School of Dentistry. Methods: The study adopted a qualitative technique called Collective Subject Discourse (CSD). The sample comprised students enrolled in a Public School of Dentistry, in Sao Paulo State, Brazil (n=54). Semi-structured interviews were recorded in a digital voice recorder. Data analysis was carried out by means of a quali-quantitative approach with the help of Qualiquantisoft(r) software. Results: Students showed adequate knowledge regarding guidelines about hand hygiene practices. However, they considered their procedure gloves as an effective way to avoid crossed-infection, and mentioned inadequate infrastructure of sinks and sometimes lack of consumables undermined their adherence to hand hygiene practices. They reported health professionals and professors at the Institution as being reckless with handwashing, especially before donning gloves or after removal. Students reported the school properly guided them in relation to teaching hand hygiene practices, but they stated they were careless with the recommendations. Students were very concerned if they would hypothetically be treated by professionals who did not wash their hands. Conclusion: This study identified some of the hand hygiene compliance failures among dental students. Educational strategies by means of an increase in motivation to perform hand hygiene properly, and by adjusting professor's practices in front of the students would be crucial to improve adherence. Additionally, the improvement on the infrastructure in this institution by means of new washbasins and more available consumables would benefit hand hygiene adherence.
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Yamauchi, Hirotsugu, and Yan Li. "Achievement-Related Motives and Work-Related Attitudes of Japanese and Chinese Students." Psychological Reports 73, no. 3_part_1 (December 1993): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00332941930733pt106.
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This study was designed to provide data for comparisons of achievement-related motives and work-related attitudes for Japanese and Chinese students. First, the mean scores on achievement-related motives and work-related attitudes of Japanese students (124 men and 174 women) were compared with those of Chinese students (222 men and 130 women). Chinese students displayed stronger motives and attitudes toward successful achievement. Second, the factorial structures of achievement-related motives for each sample were compared. There were some similarities between samples except one factor based on the motive to avoid failure showed an opposite feature. Third, the relationship between achievement-related motives and work-related attitudes was examined for each sample. A canonical correlation analysis provided two variates, instrumental activity arises from achievement motivation in a work-related situation and hope of success in their competitive lives includes economic success.
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Loginova, Irina, Oksana Gavrilyuk, and Yulia Zhivaeva. "PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF LITTLE TOWN AND METROPOLIS STUDENTS: SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECT." CBU International Conference Proceedings 1 (June 30, 2013): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v1.42.
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Current social situation unpredictability causes difficulties for modern students in both meeting the requirements of society and keeping their well-being. This study aims at revealing the sociocultural aspect of psychological well-being in Russian little town and metropolis students. The method of “Psychological Well-being Scale”, adapted from the questionnaire “The scales of Psychological Wellbeing” of Ryff, the method of “Personal and Social Identity” of Urbanovich and the Mehrabian Achieving Tendency Scale in modification of Magomed-Eminov were used in this study. The received data indicated that average and low levels of psychological well-being were more characteristic for little town students in case of correlation between their motivation to avoid failure and negative sociocultural identity. These findings seem to be largely resulting from depriving regional conditions and may be considered as an indicator of this deprivation.
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Рева, Олексій Миколайович, Сергій Павлович Борсук, Бала Мушгюль-оґли Мірзоєв, and Пейман Ширин-оґли Мухтаров. "ПРОАКТИВНЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ДОСВІДУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПОВІТРЯНИМ РУХОМ НА СТАВЛЕННЯ ДО РИЗИКУ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 5 (November 8, 2018): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.5.12.
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Considering the long negative influence of the human factor on flight safety, ICAO has been orienting the leadership and specialists of state aviation administrations and airlines to the proactive prevention of this phenomenon, demanding flight safety effective management "by indicators". These indicators in terms of professional activity of air traffic controllers (ATC) are defined: the relation to the risk (the main decision-makers and controversial estimates of SOP's violations), levels of claims, preferences systems, and dangerous behavior strategies, operational thinking and decision making that, in contrast to formally computational methods reflect the implementation of the methodology of psychological decision theory and cognitive psychology. The main decision-making dominants (inclination, disinclination, and indifference to risk) are revealed in the process of proactive decision by the controllers of closed decision-making tasks by constructing, with the help of special artificial lotteries and a limited number of points, the utility functions of the continuity of aircraft separation standards in the horizontal plane. For the separation standard S = 20 km, the proportion of students-controllers (n = 128 persons) of inclined (INC), indifferent (IND) and disinclined to risk (D) was detected: INC:IND: D ↔ 5: 18: 105 ↔ 3.9%: 14.1%: 82.0% ↔ 1: 3.6: 21, which indicates their desire to avoid failures in their professional activities. Therefore, the quantitative indicator of demonstrated risk aversion increases with the complication of the separation standard (reducing the distance between aircraft). For the separation level S = 10 km it is established: INC:IND: D ↔ 5: 8: 115 ↔ 3.9%: 6.3%: 89.8% ↔1: 3.6: 21. In professional controllers (n = 70 persons), for the separation standard S = 20 km, the ratio of persons with different dominance of decision-making was found: IND: INC ↔ 9: 25: 36 ↔ 12.9%: 35.7%: 51.4 % ↔1: 2.8 : 4, which indicates an overwhelming demonstration of their motivation to achieve success in the same working conditions. The motivation increases with the complexity of the separation standard: for S = 10 km it is established: D: IND: INC ↔ 4: 18: 48 ↔ 5.7%: 25.7%: 68.6% ↔ 1: 4.5: 12. It is recommended to apply the obtained results during the organization of the person-oriented training of young dispatchers aiming at developing stable skills for making rational risk decisions.
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Vomáčková, Helena, and Vlastimil Chytrý. "Primary School Students’ Performance Orientation - The Czech Republic Research." Acta Educationis Generalis 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/atd-2021-0006.
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Abstract Introduction: The current school is strongly focused on student performance. Each student faces a large number of learning tasks, which place considerable demands on them, arouse in them a different degree of interest, evoke a different degree of commitment to work, are associated with different expectations or have a different degree of attractiveness. Performance situations are associated with pleasant experiences but also with experiences of failure, which in their essence affect the activity or passivity of the student, and thereby affect the prioritization of the necessity to excel or the need to avoid failure. These needs are the basis of performance orientation, which is analysed in the paper. The aim is to verify whether the motivational orientation of students is related to their beneficial outcomes. Methods: The quantitative nature of the paper made it possible to use both indicators of descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, standard deviation) and inductive statistics (Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's Chi-square test, Shapiro-Wilk normality test). The surveyed sample of 363 respondents consisted of an available selection of students from 14 primary schools in five regions of the Czech Republic in 2019. The data were collected physically at schools using a standardized questionnaire. Students were acquainted with its purpose and content. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out electronically, both in terms of methodology in accordance with the research design of Hrabal and Pavelková (2011). Results: The analysis of the data of the sample of respondents revealed that the performance orientation of problem students differs statistically significantly from that of the performance motivation of non-problem students in two cases: 1) the need for successful performance, where differences were verified using hypothesis H1 and 2) in the ratio of performance needs, where the differences were verified using hypothesis H4. In other cases, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Discussion: The presented findings correspond to current domestic (Krykorková & Váňová, 2010) and foreign research (Weiner, 2000). They draw attention to the importance of a positive motivation of the student in terms of his degree of involvement in the development of his own dispositions, which affects the benefit of the student. Positively motivated students achieve better results with a comparable intellect than non-motivated students (Man & Mareš, 2005). The role of the teacher and his knowledge of motivational types of students is of paramount importance in this respect. Limitations: The sample under examination of respondents does not bring a representative sample in terms of the representation of students according to school years, regions of the Czech Republic or according to the representation of so-called problem or non-problem students. The outcomes of the survey can thus be applied only to a given sample of respondents. Conclusion: The benefitting for students in the sample showed lower positive motivation than their intellectually comparable non-problem classmates. It is a question of reserves, the use of which is a challenge not only for themselves, but also for the school and parents. The largest differences between the two groups were recorded in the specific ratio of positive and negative motivation 4: 2 within the T1 type and in the ratio 1: 3 within the T6 type. The attempt to determine the causes of this fact, especially proposing a remedy, is a topic for further research in this area.
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GAVRILYUK, O. A., S. Yu NIKULINA, and E. G. MYAGKOVA. "WAYS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 55, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2021-55-1-255.
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Statement of the problem. The relevance of the problem of improving the quality of modern medical students’ independent work is derived from both its traditionally major role in personality development, and modern socio-economic conditions. The purpose of the article is to determine the conditions for improving the quality of modern medical students’ independent work through analyzing the main problems associated with organization of medical students’ independent work and the key factors that determine the quality of modern medical students’ independent work. Research methodology. The research methodology included a content analysis of literature on the issue of students’ independent work as well as analysis of the results of a questionnaire-based survey conducted among 853 students of Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. The study is based on an autonomy-oriented approach which emphasizes self-determined continuous personal and professional development of a specialist. Research results. According to the study results, more than 50 % of medical students devote less time to their independent work than it is stipulated by the curriculum. Furthermore, 34 % of students declared their independent work inefficient. Nearly 40 % of the respondents demonstrated motivation to avoid failure, while only 27,4 % showed autonomous motivation and willingness to take responsibility for their own training. At the same time, 95 % of students reported lack of interest in memorizing theoretical material and doing tests. Alternatively, working in a clinic with patients, training in a simulation center, and performing creative activities (63,3, 38,4, and 33 % of respondents, respectively) were recognized among the most interesting and motivating tasks. About 60 % of respondents reported having problems in communicating with their teachers while working independently. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that among the factors determining the quality of modern medical students’ independent work the most important place is occupied not so much by technology and access to resources, as by personal characteristics and competencies of the main educational actors: teachers and students.
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Hodson, W. Alan. "High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 7, S1 (January 1991): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300012484.
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The improved survival rate of premature infants with respiratory failure is attributable to advances in mechanical ventilation, although an adverse consequence has been an increased incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (1;32). Positive pressure ventilation with its attendant “barotrauma” is suspected in the causation of BPD. While many attempts to alter respirator variables, such as pressure and time components, have produced optimal patterns for gas exchange, evidence is lacking to support any one pattern that minimizes the incidence of chronic lung injury. The high incidence of BPD has promoted a search for alternative methods of ventilation that might reduce lung injury through a reduction in peak pressure applied to the lung. Additional motivation has come from the need for oxygenation when mechanical ventilation has failed or pulmonary interstitial emphysema has developed. Less compelling reasons have come from the desire to avoid high swings in thoracic pressure that might adversely affect cardiac output, venous return, and cerebral blood flow.
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Schüler, Julia. "Arousal of Flow Experience in a Learning Setting and Its Effects on Exam Performance and Affect." Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 21, no. 3/4 (January 2007): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1010-0652.21.3.217.
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Abstract. Flow experience is associated with learning motivation, performance and positive affect. Therefore it is important to analyze its antecedents. An important antecedent for experiencing flow is the balance between the person's skill and how challenging the situation is ( Csikszentmihalyi, 1990 ). According to Atkinson's (1957) risk-taking model, only individuals with high hope-of-success prefer situations in which a balance of challenge and skill is given while individuals with high fear-of-failure try to avoid such situations. Integration of these two lines of research leads to the suggestion that the achievement motive might moderate the relationship between the challenge-skill balance and flow experience. This notion could be confirmed in two studies with undergraduate students (N = 57/N = 395). Additionally, flow experience was found to be a significant predictor of affect (Study 1 and 2) and exam performance (Study 2). I discuss these findings and their practical implications for academic learning settings.
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Silkane, V., and I. Austers. "Health procrastination: The experience of 35-44 years old men." SHS Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184002007.
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The focal concept of this study is health procrastination. Delay in seeking help from medical practitioners is an increasing problem in Latvia, particularly with men between the ages of 35-44. Failures in primary and secondary prevention create a number of negative consequences, for instance, longer and more complex treatment; lower recovery prognosis as well as higher treatment costs. Nevertheless, the aforementioned group often avoids medical treatment. The aim of this study was to understand the experience of 35-44 years old men in terms of their health procrastination in qualitative terms. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 48 men within the age range of 35-44 years were conducted. Data was analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The following dominant themes are: delay of health behaviour, time management, motivation emerged during the analysis: conscientiousness, task avoidance, effort, short-term vs. long-term thinking, gains and losses assessment, and time discounting. Conclusions followed: there are three main concepts – personality traits, discounting and task characteristics – that bring together the experience of health procrastination for 35-44 years old males.
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Haes Alhelou, Hassan, Mohamad Hamedani-Golshan, Takawira Njenda, and Pierluigi Siano. "A Survey on Power System Blackout and Cascading Events: Research Motivations and Challenges." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040682.
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Power systems are the most complex systems and have great importance in modern life. They have direct impacts on the modernization, economic, political and social aspects. To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control and protection techniques are required. However, modern systems are equipped with several protection schemes with the aim of avoiding the unpredicted events and power outages, power systems are still encountering emergency and mal-operation situations. The most severe emergencies put the whole or at least a part of the system in danger. If the emergency is not well managed, the power system is likely to have cascading failures that might lead to a blackout. Due to the consequences, many countries around the world have research and expert teams who work to avoid blackouts on their systems. In this paper, a comprehensive review on the major blackouts and cascading events that have occurred in the last decade are introduced. A particular focus is given on the US power system outages and their causes since it is one of the leading power producers in the world and it is also due to the ready availability of data for the past events. The paper also highlights the root causes of different blackouts around the globe. Furthermore, blackout and cascading analysis methods and the consequences of blackouts are surveyed. Moreover, the challenges in the existing protective schemes and research gaps in the topic of power system blackout and cascading events are marked out. Research directions and issues to be considered in future power system blackout studies are also proposed.
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Green, Keith, and Richard Kortum. "Can Frege’s Farbung Help Explain the Meaning of Ethical Terms?" Essays in Philosophy 8, no. 1 (2007): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip20078120.
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In this paper we reach back to an earlier generation of discussions about both linguistic meaning and moral language to answer the still-current question as to whether and in what way some special non-descriptive feature comprises part of the semantics of identifiably ethical terms. Taking off from the failure of familiar meta-ethical theories, restricted as they are to the Fregean categories of Sense and Force (whether singly or in combination), we propose that one particular variety belonging to Frege’s humble semantic category of Farbung –– what Dummett calls Tone –– holds the key. Specifically, the kinds of expressions that Dummett dubs “expressives”, when properly understood as representing a speaker’s sentiment, solve the mystery not only of moral discourse, but of evaluative language, broadly construed. On this basis we account for moral language’s special relation to action motivation in ways that avoid Moore’s paradox and honor, in unasserted contexts, what Geach calls ‘the Frege point’. Commitments to the public and social character of natural language are also respected.
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Zhurova, Anastasiya. "Zones of Communication Risk in the Modern Russian Language (Based on Euphemisms Analysis)." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2 (54) (September 4, 2021): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2021-54-2-99-111.
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The present article is devoted to the study of communication risk zones in the modern Russian language, it is based on quantitate analysis and thematic differentiation of euphemisms. The euphemization is considered as a linguo-cultural
phenomenon correlated to taboo, politeness, and sensitivity categories. Euphemisms are used for paraphrasing inappropriate and indecent words and phrases for their verbalization in speech. Euphemisms are considered to be a way of speech maneuvering. Avoiding communication risks and reaching the goal of
communication are the main targets of applying the ways of speech maneuvering. The article specifies interconnection between speech maneuvering and zones of communication risks, the latter serve as triggers for applying speech maneuvering ways to avoid communication risks. Communication risks are con-
nected with communication failures, but they are not the same. The paper represents thematic classifications as well as dictionaries reviews in national and foreign linguistics. Widespread division of all existed euphemisms into everyday
ones and those belonged to social groups is taken as a principle for detailed communication risk zones classification in the modern Russian language. As a result of the conducted research, the article represents its own specified classification
of potentially dangerous thematic repertoire in the Russian language and analyzes motivations behind them.
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Chiecher, Analía Claudia, Cecilia Rita Ficco, Paola Verónica Paoloni, and Gabriela Analía García. "¿Qué mueve a los estudiantes exitosos? Metas y motivaciones de universitarios en las modalidades presencial y distancia." Revista Observatório 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2016): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2016v2especial1p301.
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RESUMEN El inicio de la vida universitaria es un periodo difícil de transitar para los estudiantes, tanto en los estudios presenciales como a distancia. No obstante, muchos logran el rendimiento académico esperado. El objetivo de este artículo reside en analizar las metas y motivaciones de un grupo de estudiantes que logró regularizar las asignaturas previstas por el plan de estudios de las carreras que estaban cursando. Participaron del estudio 85 estudiantes de carreras de Ciencias Económicas dictadas en modalidad presencial y 14 sujetos que cursaban en la modalidad virtual. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante la administración de un cuestionario de autoinforme. Los resultados muestran prevalencia de metas de aprendizaje entre los sujetos del grupo presencial en tanto que entre los estudiantes de distancia la meta más destacada es la de evitar el fracaso. La discusión destaca la dimensión contextual de la motivación, sugiriendo acciones capaces de promover la motivación por el aprendizaje.PALABRAS CLAVE. Metas; Motivación; Rendimiento académico; Modalidad presencial; Modalidad a distancia. RESUMOO início da vida universitária é um difícil período de trânsito para os alunos, tanto em estudos de sala de aula e à distância. No entanto, muitos alcançar o desempenho acadêmico esperado. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os objetivos e perfis motivacionais de um grupo de estudantes que conseguiram regularizar os temas prescritos pelo currículo que eles estavam perseguindo carreiras. Participaram do estudo 85 estudantes que competem Economia e modalidade dada em 14 indivíduos foram inscritos no virtual que modo. Os dados foram coletados através da administração de um questionário de auto-relato. Os resultados mostram prevalência de objetivos entre os indivíduos do grupo de sala de aula como entre os estudantes aprendendo longe a meta mais importante é evitar o fracasso. A discussão ressalta a dimensão contextual de motivação, sugerindo ações que podem promover a motivação para a aprendizagem.PALAVRAS CHAVE. Metas; Motivação; Desempenho académico; Modo sala de aula; Modalidade a distância. ABSTRACT The beginning of college life is a difficult period of transit for students both in traditional and distance studies. However, many achieve the expected academic performance. The aim of this paper is to analyze the goals and motivational profiles of a group of students who managed to regularize the subjects prescribed by the curriculum they were pursuing careers. Study participants were 85 students in traditional mode and 14 students in virtual mode. The data were collected by administering a self-report questionnaire. The results show prevalence of learning goals among subjects in traditional mode while among virtual students the most prominent goal is to avoid failure. The discussion highlights the contextual dimension of motivation, suggesting actions that can promote motivation for learning.KEYWORDS: Goals; Motivation; Academic achievement; Traditional mode; Distance mode.
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Murisal, Murisal, and Dian Arianti. "PENGARUH MEMBACA AL-QUR’AN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN ADVERSITY QUOTIENT PADA SISWI ASRAMA SITI KHADIJAH." Al-Qalb : Jurnal Psikologi Islam 9, no. 2 (October 4, 2019): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/alqalb.v9i2.857.
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Al-Qur'an which was revealed to change the thoughts, attitudes and human behavior and pointed at them. So that humans can avoid the downturn in the face of life problems. Each individual has a different response to the problem it faces. Some choose to avoid problems and some struggle to resolve the issue. This is seen from the toughness or the individual's Adveristy Quotient. Adversity Quotient is one form of intelligence that underlies one's success in facing a challenge in the event of difficulty or failure. In this case reading the Qur'an that is reflected to the teenager to get motivation and understanding of his views on the problems they face. As well as through reading the Qur'an will contribute to the improvement of adolescent Adversity Quotient.The research method used is pure experimental method, with pretest-posttest control group design design with 38 subjects. Subjects were selected based on randomization measured using Adveristy Quotient scale, divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, each group was 19 people. The experimental group was given the treatment of reading al-Qur'an, while the control group did not. Based on the pretest results, the experimental group and the control group showed moderate category Adversity Quotient. In the posttest results, the experimental group experienced improvement after treatment. While the untreated control group did not increase, even the decrease of Adversity QuotientThe result of the research proves that the giving of treatment in reading al-Qur'an has an effect on the increase of Adversity Quotient to the students of hostel Siti Khadijah MAN Koto Baru Solok. Adversity Quotient scale proves that the implementation of reading al-Qur'an takes place smoothly for the participants.
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Ridha, Rizki Novanda, Burhanuddin Burhanuddin, and Budi Priyatna Wahyu. "Entrepreneurship intention in agricultural sector of young generation in Indonesia." Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjie-04-2017-022.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss Indonesia as a country having a young generation resource crisis in agricultural sectors, and this crisis contributes more than 32.9 per cent higher unemployment than other sectors. Therefore, creative youths are needed to build the sector through entrepreneurship activities. Design/methodology/approach The low condition of youth entrepreneurship intention in agricultural sectors leading the Agriculture Ministry of Indonesia launches an Agricultural Young Entrepreneurship Growing Program 2016 (Program Penumbuhan Wirausaha Muda Pertanian, PWMP 2016). Intention in growing phase is critical to avoid the program failure. Findings This research was aimed to analyze entrepreneurship characteristics and factors affecting the intentions. The research was conducted in three cities, Bogor, Lampung and Bandung, with 189 respondents who accepted business support from the PWMP in 2016. The accumulated data were then analyzed using descriptive analysis and structural equation model. Respondents have highly average trends on behavior belief, normative belief, motivation to comply, control belief, control belief power and intention. While, only the evaluation of the consequence to give the medium trend is about 50.26 per cent. Originality/value Factor affects to the entrepreneurship intention in agricultural sectors is a subjective norm or external factor, and both the attitude toward behavior and perceived behavioral control factors do not affect entrepreneurship intention in the agricultural sector.
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Ardi, Ardhyanto, Irfanita Nurhidayah, and Andi Baso Tombong. "PENGALAMAN PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISA DI RSUD H. ANDI SULTAN DAENG RADJA BULUKUMBA." Jurnal Kesehatan Panrita Husada 4, no. 2 (September 24, 2019): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37362/jkph.v4i2.78.
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Chronic kidney failure is progressive kidney damage that is fatal and is characterized by uremia and can lead to hemodialysis to continue living. There is a dependence on hemodialysis and the lack of research that discusses the experience of patients undergoing hemodialysis so that researchers are interested in doing this research. The purpose of this study is to explore the life experiences of chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis at H. Andi Sultan Daeng Radja Bulukumba Hospital. Method This study uses a qualitative study (phenomenology) and a sample of 8 people with criteria for patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis. Data in this study were collected through in-depth interviews on selected subjects (In-depth Interviews) and analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Results Researchers found 4 themes from the results of data analysis. The themes are: (1) Early Symptoms of Disease, sub-themes: uncontrolled blood pressure, lethargy. (2) Motivation and Strengthening Undergo Therapies, sub-themes: enthusiasm from the patient himself, support of other patients undergoing hemodialysis, support from family, support from hemodialysis nurses. (3) Compliance Undergoing Treatment, sub-theme: do not delay and rule out boredom, surrender. (4) Quality of Life for Hemodialysis Patients, sub themes: feeling like a normal human being, improved diet, good weight. The quality of life of patients is better after undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Conclusions and suggestions: There are 4 themes obtained in this study. It is expected that families and nurses can provide support to patients who are undergoing hemodialysis and patients diagnosed in order to avoid fear of undergoing hemodialysis.
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Millet, Richard A. "Failures: How to Avoid Them." Journal of Management in Engineering 15, no. 5 (September 1999): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0742-597x(1999)15:5(32).
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Sarver, David M., and Lew B. Sample. "How to avoid surgical failures." Seminars in Orthodontics 5, no. 4 (December 1999): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1073-8746(99)80020-6.
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