Journal articles on the topic 'Motivation (Psychology) Moral and ethical aspects'
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1
Koniaieva, L. "SPIRITUAL AND MORAL ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIALIZATION OF PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS." Psychology and Personality, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2021.1.227233.
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The article highlights the actual problem of spiritual and moral aspects of professional socialization of modern student youth, and in particular psychology students. The concepts of professional socialization, morality, spirituality are analyzed. The materialistic and religious points of view in understanding spirituality are considered.
It was found that student youth is in the most intensive phase of socialization, which is associated with studying at a higher educational institution, and the important factors of professional socialization of students are the motivation and moral orientation of the individual, professional worldview, the values of professional activities of specialists and the system of value orientations. A theoretical analysis of the literature has shown that value orientations are a spiritual phenomenon, the essential basis of a person, a mechanism for self-organization of her spiritual world, and a person's moral self-determination is closely related to the level of his spiritual development. The connection of universal human moral values with personal and professional is the driving force behind the development of a specialist, and the conscious development of value orientations in students and the purposeful formation of spiritual and moral values in them are necessary for their successful professional socialization.
The profession of a psychologist requires increased attention to the moral side of the functions performed, since his professional activity is directly related to interaction with people, influence on their inner world. Therefore, the ethics of his work is based on universal human moral values. In the professional activity of a psychologist, the main ones are the ideals of the free and all-round development of the personality and its respect, the rapprochement of people and a pronounced orientation towards the value of another person. Therefore, spiritual and moral development is a priority in the process of professional socialization of psychology students, during which special attention should be paid to the formation of the moral self-concept of personality, virtues, empathy, self-esteem and the assimilation of moral values of the professional activity of psychologists, taking into account their ethical code.
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Szabo, Denis, Marc LeBlanc, Lise Deslauriers, and Denis Gagné. "Interprétations psycho-culturelles de l’inadaptation juvénile dans la société de masse contemporaine." Acta Criminologica 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 9–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017001ar.
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Abstract A PSYCHO-CULTURAL INTERPRETATION OF JUVENILE MALADJUSTMENT IN MASS SOCIETY Juvenile maladjustment in the post-industrial societies has not only augmented alarmingly but has also taken on a new dimension. The number and seriousness of offences as well as their obvious wantonness are increasing. This article is an attempt to understand the forces which engender this phenomenon. A first experiment in measuring some of the elements which constitute the moral fact is also described here. A culture conflict Maladjustment of the young in the mass society can be looked at in the perspective of a culture conflict, that is, the confrontation of morals between adult and youth in a society undergoing an historical acceleration not only of its technology but also of its institutions and culture. The dialectic, youth versus adult, is due to the fact that each group has a particular position in society which, therefore, implies different morals or different normative systems. The credo of the adult is founded upon a numerous variety of experiences marked by success or failure. This traditional morality will shift in direct proportion to the degree of evolution within the existing society. The morals of youth are founded upon its involvement in new experiences. Youth uses the technology of its era, rebels against old-fashioned morals and reformulates its ethical needs. This type of questioning leads the adult to ambiguity of values, to uncertainty of moral judgment and to a wavering in fundamental choices; it leads the young into contesting adult order, truth and conviction. The integration of youth into mass society has to be made in the light of « neotenistic » mechanisms of adjustment to innovation. It must also be examined in the light of « misoneism » — resistance to change .— as well as of stability of social relationships and institutions. The young, new citizens of a mass society and trustees of mass culture, have to cope with the institutions, ideologies, controls and rules forged by a society of production. Psycho-cultural pressures Recent social transformations have generated a new type of society known as the « mass society » which in turn has generated a « mass culture ». The interaction between culture and society creates, for the individual, new problems of adjustment which merit careful study. The relative freedom from the pressures of mechanization coincides with the increase of psycho-cultural pressures due to the means of mass communication. We require a new conceptual plan of analysis adapted to a different type of society. The theories based on culture conflicts, the concepts of subcultures and contracultures have attempted to explain these new phenomena. Today, external pressure has increased the possibility of choice for the individual. We might suggest therefore, that if the maladjustments of the past were due to the hide-bound socio-economic laws, those which characterize the mass society would be due to an extreme degree of freedom to make these numberless choices. Obligation: first foundation of morals Psycho-cultural analysis achieves its entire meaning when we study morals or the moral fact. In other words, the obligation to accomplish one act or another constitutes the main springboard for interaction within a social system. The moral fact, in its objective and subjective aspects, constitutes the core of the problem: how to explain that the very foundation of moral order is being radically and universally questioned ? To answer this, we must use an analysis of mechanisms and procedures which take precedence in internalizing moral values in different cultures. The questions asked are as follows : a) What is the content and meaning of obligation to the youth of today ? b) What is the relationship between its aspirations and those of the preceding generations ? c) Are these aspirations the same for the youth of different classes ? d) Do they then engender cultures, subcultures and contracultures ? Psycho-cultural analysis is the meeting point of questions asked by the sociology of knowledge and of socialization and by contemporary social psychology. The moral fact seems to be an integral part of the problem of man's maladjustment to the civilization he has created, and its study becomes necessary in order to find the key to certain paradoxes in the human condition. Measurement of the moral fact Psycho-cultural interpretation seeks to isolate maladjustment, regarding it essentially as a type of moral behaviour. If we accept the following postulate — adjustment or deviance results at the limit of conformity or non-conformity to values .— how do we measure this obligation ? What are the variables necessary to isolate this idea of obligation ? What are the instruments capable of measuring them ? In the context of our work, obligation is envisaged, on the one hand, as a normative system related to the position of an individual, of a collectivity or of a category of individuals, in the social structure. On the other hand, it is regarded as a physical function, representing the internal controls of the subject, who is submitted to a system of impulses and motivations. Two theories seem pertinent in explaining obligation: the theory of « moral conscience », related to subjective motivations, and the theory of « social character », related to substantive or group motivations. According to Erick Fromm (1949), every society and every social structure within the society forms the type of man it needs and transmits values, attitudes and motivations necessary for the individual to act out the role it expects him to. It accomplishes this by giving the individual a « social character » adapted to its demands and which enables the subject to behave in the manner called for by the social system. The hypothesis showing that the social character is formed by the role the individual plays in his own culture and that he reflects collective obligations individually, enables us to connect this problem of adjustment with socio-cultural controls. Thus we can suppose that the normative aspects of adolescent subcultures and contracultures, where they exist, form a social character in these young people, and so constitute a different source of orientation or obligation from that of the adult culture. This article gives an account of the construction and validity of scales of moral attitudes and of an implement capable of measuring certain aspects of the moral conscience. Their function is to isolate this idea of obligation. Five scales of moral attitudes were established and verified with the help of factoral analysis .— moral attitudes of authority, of conformity to peers, of aspiration, of hedonist anxiety and of self-evaluation. This scale discriminates between the socio-economic milieux of the working class and the leisure class and weighs the variables .— age and delinquency. If social character is the cultural counterpart of obligation, then moral conscience is the psychological counterpart. Whereas social character depends on the position of a group in the social structure, moral conscience is conditioned by interprofessional relationships. Seen in this light, moral conscience becomes a psychic function, the fruit of identification within a succession of values presented by parents, teachers and peers. Since it is almost impossible to measure moral conscience directly and experimentally by objective tests, we thought it best to measure the psychological procedures of transmission and internalization of moral values, that is, by perception and identification. The Role Construction Repertory Test of George A. Kelly (1955) seems to answer this problem because it is based on these two psychological mechanisms as well as on « role playing ». This test enables us to find out with which persons and what values adolescents identify, whether or not they are well adjusted to life in society. It also enables us, with the help of the construction analysis, to pin-point the image young people have of themselves and of those who make up their phenomenal or experimental universe. These instruments, tested on adjusted or maladjusted adolescents from different socio-economic milieux, will enable us to verify certain hypothesis resulting from psycho-cultural analysis.
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Mohoreva, Elena. "DEPENDENCE OF THE PERSON AS A FACTOR OF INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS ANNOTATION." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2022.8.2.5.
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The article discusses the relevance of the study of the phenomenon of envy, which is due to the multidimensionality of this concept, since our country is characterized by significant changes in the moral, ethical, socio-economic and value orientations of society, political, socio-cultural and legal changes that impose their reflection both on social relations between people, but also on their inner world. It is noted that many scientists are studying the psychological mechanisms of the formation of envy and determinants; internal determinants of envy in the gender aspect; acceptability of antisocial behavior by the subject of envy; features of the relationship of aggressiveness and hostility with the envy of the personality and its propensity for the strategy of rivalry. Envy is also studied in the system of socio-economic attitudes. Attention is paid to the study of personal, behavioral and cognitive correlates of envy and an envious attitude to success and luck, as well as the socio-demographic specifics of envy. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of factors that contribute to the emergence and development of feelings of envy (external and internal) and factors influencing the reduction of envy. Attention is focused on the fact that the growth of inequality and stratification of society, the increase in the level of crime, in particular crimes for useful reasons, leads to a feeling of injustice, dissatisfaction with one's own social position, and hence envy of more successful and adapted to modern conditions people. The purpose of the article involves a theoretical review of the concept of envy in the studies of domestic and foreign scientists. The conclusions emphasize that the feeling of envy is a little-studied phenomenon of scientific interest to researchers. It is pointed out that envy should be considered not only from the point of view of its destructive influence on the development of the personality, but also as a kind of motivation and motivation to achieve the goals set by the individual and improve the standard of living. In view of the data on envy available in the scientific literature, to a greater extent they are in the nature of theoretical generalizations, and the deployment of empirical research on this problem is an urgent area of work in the field of legal and social psychology.
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Shihadeh, Ayman. "Psychology and Ethical Epistemology." Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.9573.
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We examine a hitherto unstudied debate, turning on the epistemology of value judgements, between Ashʿarīs and Baṣran Muʿtazilīs of the late eleventh and twelfth centuries. Al-Ghazālī and al-Rāzī countered Muʿtazilī ethical realism, here defended by al-Malāḥimī, by developing an emotive subjectivism underpinned by increasingly sophisticated psychological accounts of ethical motivation. Value judgements, they maintained, arise not from knowledge of some ethical attributes of acts themselves, but from subjective inclinations, which are often elusive because they can be unconscious or indirect. We also argue against the widespread notion that Ashʿarīs espoused an anti-rationalist ethics, and we show that they were not only ethical rationalists, but also the more innovative side in this debate.
Keywords: al-Ghazālī, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, al-Malāḥimī, Avicenna, Ashʿarism, Muʿtazilism, Value Theory, Moral Realism and Anti-Realism, Emotivism, Moral Psychology, Rationalism, Intellect (ʿaql), Estimation (wahm), Disposition (ṭabʿ), Widely-Accepted Premises (mashhūra), Reputable Premises (maḥmūda)
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Liu, Tingting, Chang’e Liu, and Erhua Zhou. "Influence of organizational citizenship behavior on prosocial rule breaking: Moral licensing perspective." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 47, no. 6 (May 2, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8079.
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Researchers have introduced the prosocial rule breaking (PSRB) concept to explain situations where employees encounter an ethical dilemma between promoting the welfare of the organization and following organizational regulations. PSRB can be regarded as ethical decision making in an organization, but few researchers have used ethical decision theories to study it. Adopting the moral licensing perspective, we argued that organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), the typical form of moral conduct within organizations, would predict PSRB, and that this relationship would be mediated by moral selfimage and moderated by intrinsic motivation for OCB. Results of our 2-wave survey of 433 Chinese employees showed that employees’ OCB had a positive effect on PSRB through the mediator of moral self-image. Additionally, when intrinsic motivation toward OCB was high, the relationship between OCB and moral self-image was amplified and gave more confidence to employees to practice PSRB. Our findings contribute to the understanding of PSRB and moral licensing theory.
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Fairchild, Roseanne Moody. "Practical ethical theory for nurses responding to complexity in care." Nursing Ethics 17, no. 3 (May 2010): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733010361442.
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In the context of health care system complexity, nurses need responsive leadership and organizational support to maintain intrinsic motivation, moral sensitivity and a caring stance in the delivery of patient care. The current complexity of nurses’ work environment promotes decreases in work motivation and moral satisfaction, thus creating motivational and ethical dissonance in practice. These and other work-related factors increase emotional stress and burnout for nurses, prompting both new and seasoned nurse professionals to leave their current position, or even the profession. This article presents a theoretical conceptual model for professional nurses to review and make sense of the ethical reasoning skills needed to maintain a caring stance in relation to the competing values that must coexist among nurses, health care administrators, patients and families in the context of the complex health care work environments in which nurses are expected to practice. A model, Nurses’ Ethical Reasoning Skills, is presented as a framework for nurses’ thinking through and problem solving ethical issues in clinical practice in the context of complexity in health care.
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MAXWELL, BRUCE, and ERIC RACINE. "Should Empathic Development Be a Priority in Biomedical Ethics Teaching? A Critical Perspective." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, no. 4 (August 18, 2010): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000320.
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Biomedical ethics is an essential part of the medical curriculum because it is thought to enrich moral reflection and conduce to ethical decisionmaking and ethical behavior. In recent years, however, the received idea that competency in moral reasoning leads to moral responsibility “in the field” has been the subject of sustained attention. Today, moral education and development research widely recognize moral reasoning as being but one among at least four distinguishable dimensions of psychological moral functioning alongside moral motivation, moral character, and moral sensitivity. In a reflection of this framework, medical educators and curriculum planners repeatedly advance the idea that educators should be concerned with supporting empathy, and this, very often, as a means of improving on and broadening medical ethics education’s traditional focus on moral reasoning.
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Hill, Gloria, and H. Lee Swanson. "Construct Validity and Reliability of the Ethical Behavior Rating Scale." Educational and Psychological Measurement 45, no. 2 (July 1985): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001316448504500212.
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Based on data from 139 adolescents, results of a factor and correlational analyses of the Ethical Behavior Rating Scale are reported. Reliability coefficients were obtained from a test-retest method and estimates of internal consistence. Construct validity was determined by correlating the rating scale with test items from the Ethical Reasoning Inventory. Two factors (moral character and verbal/moral assertiveness) were derived from the varimax rotated matrix. The results suggest that the rating scale reflects the behavioral aspects of moral reasoning.
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Grác, Ján, Adam Biela, Piotr Janusz Mamcarz, and Dorota Kornas-Biela. "Can moral reasoning be modeled in an experiment?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e0252721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252721.
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A review of the literature on moral issues indicates that none of the empirical approaches to moral reasoning proposes an experimental approach which controls for such object-related experimental variables as: knowledge, motivation, acceptance of moral norms and consequences of human behavior in moral situations in a single research procedure. A unique element of the proposed experimental method is a multi-stage model determining morality indicators. In the two-phase design experiment, psychology students were asked to create model ethical stories and then conduct an overall assessment of each of these stories. As a result, a base of ethical stories was created with empirical moral indicators (positive, negative, neutral). The patterns in the moral evaluation of ethical stories were determined by identifying three processes (selection, differentiation and integration). The final result is a confirmed design of the experiment and a set of formulas that can be used in education and research on morality reasoning.
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DOBRE, Cristian. "War Psychology and the Military Moral Dilemmas." Romanian Military Thinking 2022, no. 4 (December 2022): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.4.17.
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"The article presents one of the most significant psychological aspects experienced by the military during their operations – ethics and morality. Thus, it dives deeper into the idea of “war psychology”, to then analyse the biggest ethical and moral dilemmas of the military during battle. Far from exhausting the subject, the article wants to draw attention to the fact that, in the end, the military is still human, and in the absence of adequate preparation for combat and adequate post-action psychological support at the end of the conflict, moral wounds can appear, which, most of the time, are as painful and devastating as the physical ones."
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Миславская and N. Mislavskaya. "Psychological Aspects in Professional Activities of an Accountant." Auditor 2, no. 6 (June 27, 2016): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20318.
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The article focuses on the determinants of the psychology of the professional activities of accountants and causes
of professional psychological deformation of the person. The main problems of moral and ethical character of modern
society are identified.
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Murphy, James Bernard. "Practical Reason and Moral Psychology in Aristotle and Kant." Social Philosophy and Policy 18, no. 2 (2001): 257–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500002983.
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For a long time, it seemed that Aristotelians and Kantians had little to say to each other. When Kant the moralist was known in the English-speaking world primarily from his Groundwork and his Critique of Practical Reason, Kant's conceptual vocabulary of “duty,” “law,” “maxim,” and “morality” appeared quite foreign to Aristotle's “virtue,” “end,” “good,” and “character.” Yet ever since philosopher Mary Gregor's Laws of Freedom, published in 1963, made Kant's The Metaphysics of Morals central to the interpretation of his ethical thought, it has become clear that such “Aristotelian” terms as virtue, end, good, happiness, and character are also central to Kant. Aristotelians and Kantians now see that they have plenty to say to each other, and they have gone from being adversaries to sharing a sometimes unprincipled urge to merge central aspects of Aristotle's and Kant's ethical thought.
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Et al., Phrakhru Thamrongwongvisut (Theerasak Phuangpool). "Roles of Buddhist Monks in Moral Development following Sufficiency Economy Philosophy." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 3742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1375.
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The purpose of this article was to propose a model of moral and ethical development according to the philosophy of sufficiency economy. Documentary study was used by studying the role of Buddhist monks and analyzing the consistency of morality, ethics, and philosophy of sufficiency economy consisted of modesty, rationality, and immunity that based on the conditions of knowledge and morality. Results indicated that the guidelines for moral development began with the development of education in order to provide people with knowledge with various abilities, and also apply the aforementioned knowledge to occupations building well-being for yourself and your family. For moral and ethical development, it is very important aspect for social development. Considering with the current situation in Thai society, it can be seen that the chaos of Thai society today is mainly due to the lack of moral and ethical lifestyle. Therefore, moral and ethical development must know how to improve oneself to be people with sufficient knowledge, and be a person who spends sufficiently on education, a person with good physical health and mental health, and be a learner who know how to solve problems, and know how to think reasonably. There are five aspects in a model of moral and ethical development consisted of education, Dhamma propagation, social welfare, inherit culture, promote and preserve environment. There are two important principles for the maximum benefit which are virtues for a good household life, and virtues conducive to growth in wisdom.
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Frierson, Patrick. "Character in Kant’s Moral Psychology: Responding to the Situationist Challenge." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 101, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 508–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agph-2019-4002.
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Abstract In recent years, several philosophers have used “situationist” findings in social psychology to criticize character-based ethical theories. After showing how these criticisms apply, prima facie, to Kant’s moral theory, I lay out a Kantian response to them. Kant admits the empirical reality of situation-dependence in human actions but articulates a conception of “ought implies can” that vindicates his character-based moral theory in the face of rarity of character. Moreover, he provides an interpretive framework for the situation-dependence of human motivation in terms of humans’ “propensity to evil.” He also provides a framework for highlighting empirical bases for moral hope, a framework that makes it possible to see lack of character as something human beings can overcome. And he outlines a “moral anthropology” that develops something akin to what Mark Alfano calls “moral technologies,” but in Kant’s case, these technologies focus on cultivating character as such rather than merely good behavioral outcomes.
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Messick, David M. "Why Ethics is not the Only Thing that Matters." Business Ethics Quarterly 6, no. 2 (April 1996): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857624.
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AbstractEthics surely matters to people, but to ignore the fact that other things matter as well is to oversimplify human motivation and behavior. Human action is often the ungainly resolution of conflicts between ethical and egotistical impulses, and the challenge for moral psychology is to understand these conflicts and their resolution.
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Zahro, Wafa’ Maulida, and Giyoto Giyoto. "Analisis Regulasi Diri Santri dalam Pembelajaran Tahfidz Al-Qur’an pada Sekolah Full Day." Journal of Education and Instruction (JOEAI) 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/joeai.v4i1.2017.
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This study aims to determine: 1) self-regulation of students who memorize al-Qur'an in learning tahfidz al-Qur'an in full day school programs, 2) dominant factors in influencing self-regulation of students who memorize al-Qur'an. This research method is descriptive qualitative. The research was conducted at TPA Zahrawain Indonesia Pengging Banyudono Boyolali Branch. The research subjects were santri tahfidz al-Qur'an and the research informants were the head of the institution, the ustadzah of the institution, and the guardian of the students. Data collection techniques using interviews and observations. Data validity techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that: 1) The self-regulation of students who memorized al-Qur'an included three aspects, namely; a) Metacognition which consists of aspects of planning, organizing, and measuring aspects of self-ability, b) Motivation which consists of aspects of self-confidence and self-reliance in memorization, c) Behavior which consists of aspects of moral and ethical self-regulation, selection and environmental utilization. 2) The dominant factor influencing the regulation of students' tahfidz al-Qur'an includes 2 factors, namely; a) Internal factors in the form of behavior consisting of aspects of self observation (assessing self-ability in the form of moral and ethical aspects, selecting, utilizing the environment) and the judgment process (assessing one's ability to socialize well with the environment, limiting oneself) from the environment / association that is wrong / negative) b) External factors in the form of the environment, namely the support from those closest to the students. In conclusion, there are three aspects that become self-regulation of students who memorize the Koran in learning tahfidz al-Qur'an in full day school programs, namely aspects of metacognition, motivation and behavior with two factors that affect the regulation of students, both internal and external factors. of the students.
Keywords: Self-regulation, Tahfidzul Qur'an, and full day school program
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O'Keefe-McCarthy, Sheila. "Technologically-Mediated Nursing Care: the Impact on Moral Agency." Nursing Ethics 16, no. 6 (November 2009): 786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733009343249.
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Technology is pervasive and overwhelming in the intensive care setting. It has the power to inform and direct the nursing care of critically ill patients. Technology changes the moral and social dynamics within nurse—patient encounters. Nurses use technology as the main reference point to interpret and evaluate clinical patient outcomes. This shapes nurses’ understanding and the kind of care provided. Technology inserts itself between patients and nurses, thus distancing nurses from patients. This situates nurses into positions of power, granting them epistemic authority, which constrains them as moral agents. Technology serves to categorize and marginalize patients’ illness experience. In this article, moral agency is examined within the technologically-mediated context of the intensive care unit. Uncritical use of technology has a negative impact on patient care and nurses’ view of patients, thus limiting moral agency. Through examination of technology as it frames cardiac patients, it is demonstrated how technology changes the way nurses understand and conceptualize moral agency. This article offers a new perspective on the ethical discussion of technology and its impact on nurses’ moral agency. Employing reflective analysis using the technique of embodied reflection may help to ensure that patients remain at the centre of nurses’ moral practice. Embodied reflection invites nurses critically to examine how technology has reshaped conceptualization, understanding, and the underlying motivation governing nurses’ moral agency.
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Zadroga, Adam. "Professional Ethics of Social Entrepreneurs: The Perspective of Christian Personalist Ethics." Verbum Vitae 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vv.11462.
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The aim of the article is to indicate and describe the normative assumptions of the professional ethics of social entrepreneurs. The innovative nature of the proposed concept consists in taking into consideration the perspective of Christian personalist ethics. It is a theory of morality which includes considerations for the biblical and theological view of man, emphasizing above all their personal dignity. Referring to the principal axioms of this ethical doctrine allows for a presentation of a proposal of ethical principles and moral virtues – adequate to the mission, tasks, and vocation of social entrepreneurs. The article discusses the following issues: the essence of Christian personalist ethics, the mission and tasks of social entrepreneurs, the motivation and vocation of social entrepreneurs, ethical aspects of leadership in social enterprises, as well as the ethical principles and moral virtues of social entrepreneurs. A methodology characteristic of normative philosophical ethics and moral theology was applied. The results of the analysis of the methodically selected literature on the subject were processed by means of conceptual work, which allowed us to describe the professional ethics of social entrepreneurs from the point of view of Christian personalist ethics. Christian personalist ethics makes a valuable and original contribution to the description of the normative determinants of social entrepreneurship. The analysis of the mission and tasks of social entrepreneurs shows that they create social structures and processes that affirm the dignity of marginalized people and restore their capacity to participate in social and economic life.
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Maftuna Bakhtiyorova, Nilufar Sadullaeva,. "REFLECTION OF ONOMASTIC PRINCIPLES IN NAMING." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 2874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1180.
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This article deals with the problems of naming in English and Uzbek languages. The main principles of formation of onomastic units are discussed and the cultural bases of choosing the name are interpreted in the article as well. Theoretical views of well-known linguists are represented from the point of linguocultural aspect. The most important issue in this area was to determine what the Proper Nouns meant. In this paper, we will endeavor to prove the assertion, at the same time accounting for some of the motivations upon which Proper Nouns appear. It may cover the wide range of linguistic and extralinguistic motivations underlying the lexical units – Proper Nouns. Proper Nouns in most cases are not simply a tool of naming, but as linguistic unit they can render an information about the owner. A new exploration of a certain phenomenon, a new perspective for its consideration and contain a new moral and ethical assessment of the phenomenon. Based on this, this article presents linguistic features of Proper Nouns in speech, ethno-linguistic, ethno-cultural, sociolinguistic problems of naming the objects. The analogies and differences between the linguistic phenomenon of Proper Nouns and Common Nouns have been examined in detail.
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Mara, Elena Lucia. "Developing adult motivation for continuous training." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 11006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134311006.
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Traditional education focused primarily on the moment of teaching, on the moment of transmitting information, knowledge, and only then on aspects related to ethical, motivational, moral nature. Contemporary society in a continuous remodeling and change, no longer coincides, no longer accepts such a system. Traditional learning does not keep pace with contemporary society. The aim of this study is to investigate the motivation of learning in adulthood. In the motivational structure of the investigated adults, extrinsic reasons predominated, indirectly related to the learning activity, such as: the need to advance professionally, to keep up with the times, to obtain a social status as high as possible, to meet current requirements, to earn the respect of others, for a diploma, a change of job. Among the intrinsic reasons invoked by the study participants, directly related to the learning activity, we mention: the desire for knowledge and personal development, curiosity, the desire to teach others. In conclusion, we want to offer a better perspective and a well-understanding of motivational factors implicated in adult learning, ensuring the ease of triangulation of sources of information collection, thus improving the credibility of findings.
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Joyner, LoraKim. "Ethical considerations in wildlife medicine." Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 39, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v39.248.
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Component wildlife ethics includes two aspects: an understanding of ethical principles and skills in ethical deliberation. Ethical principles reviewed here include utilitarianism, deontological ethics, environmentalism or respect for nature, virtue ethics, relational ethics, care ethics and reverence for life ethics. Other processes and tools that take into account human sociology, behaviour and subconscious functioning in moral decision-making include conservation psychology, narrative ethics, socioscience, listening and communication skills, and needs-based ethics. We also take into account non-human functioning such as welfare science, conservation behaviour and cognitive ethology. Incorporating these tools and instituting ethical practices and programs within our wildlife and conservation management plans and organizations improve our ability to care for ourselves, other humans, wildlife and ecosystems.
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Becker, Christian U., and Jack Hamblin. "Conceptualizing Personhood for Sustainability: A Buddhist Virtue Ethics Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 9166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169166.
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This conceptual paper addresses the role the individual plays in sustainability against the backdrop of the ethical dimensions of sustainability. We discuss the relevance of moral personhood as a basis for sustainability and develop a model of personhood for sustainability. The paper outlines the ethical dimensions of sustainability and discusses the role of individual morality for sustainability from a virtue ethics perspective. We employ a Buddhist virtue ethical approach for conceptualizing a model of the sustainable person that is characterized by sustainability virtues, interdependent personhood, and an inherent concern for the wellbeing of others, nature, and future beings. In contrast to many Western-based conceptions of the individual actor, our model of sustainable personhood conceptualizes and explains a coherent and inherent individual motivation for sustainability. The paper contributes to the methodological question of how to best consider the individual in sustainability research and sustainability approaches and suggests a conceptual basis for integrating individual, institutional, and systemic aspects of sustainability.
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Sgarlata, Sara, Alicja Dłużewicz, and Karolina Napiwodzka. "Ars Moriendi. Ethical Challenges of the Ultimate Realities of Life." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 13, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2022.2.1.
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The aim of this issue of Ethics in Progress is to provide a provisional, open-ended view on the ultimate realities of life and the ethical challenges they pose in medical, sociological, and existential contexts. The issue explores axiologies and meta-ethical narratives related to the art of dying, or in other words the moral domain encompassing the quest for a good life and a good death. Two problematic aspects emerge from the latest body of research: (1) the difficulty involved in tackling ethical challenges in medical and sociological contexts; and (2) the marginal role of the patient’s agency and narrative-ownership of end-of-life decision-making. A direction is pointed out that suggests that interventions across interdisciplinary groups involved in medical aid to dying should focus on promoting ethical behaviour on the side of healthcare personnel. Finally, attention to language, discourse, communication, and the narratives of death and dying call this edition of Ethics in Progress to examine the ontological and epistemological categories that underlie the study of lifeworlds and ‘discourse communities’, which are those associated with moral agents interlacing historical motives, language, communication, normative beliefs, social norms and roles, power relations, hard clinical evidence, and contested values in the context of medical practices and, broadly speaking, practices surrounding death.
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Muliarchuk, Yevhen. "Hatred as a moral feeling in war time." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 3 (November 3, 2022): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2022.03.098.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of hatred in philosophic, psychological, and ethical aspects, and of its motivating role during the war. Explicating the philosophical un- derstanding of hatred, the author analyzes the “Treatise of Human Nature” by Hume and ex- plains the structure of hatred as the unity of the elements “cause-object-end” as well as the role of empathy in their genesis. In the article, the author proves that hatred as a passion is not a hu- man instinct or only an emotion, while having an intention towards the understanding of another person and ethical evaluation of his or her motives and actions. The author analyzes the psycho- logical structure of hatred as a durable complex of negative attitudes, motives, emotions, and dispositions of a person formed in individual and social existence. The multilevel way of experience and content of hatred explicated by the range from simple negation of other beings to the ex- pression of moral judgement and demand of the retribution of hurt and struggle against evil. The author analyzes the concept of hatred by R. and K. Sternberg as a negation of intimacy of the other combined with various emotions and commitments of a person to act. Based on that, the article discusses the possibilities of the acquisition of ethical content by hatred and analyzes the typology of hatred by J. Gee (simple hatred, prejudicial hatred, malice and spite, retributive hatred, and moral hatred). The author of the article argues that the higher forms of conscious and controlled hatred possess rational components and moral content. The author concludes that the retributive hatred as a reactive moral attitude towards the blame of the wrongdoer and the de- mand of holding him responsible is an appropriate form of motivation for the resistance during the war and the establishment of peace. This kind of hatred plays a legitimate role in a mature person’s moral life and can be ethically justified.
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Kang, Lei, Ying Qiu, Tie Zheng, and Anne Rubienska. "Courage to Trust–Discussion of Moral Personality Built on the Confucian Ethics." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2015.2.2.
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The value of Xin can find its origin in the Analects and other works by Confucius. Taking the perspectives from ethics and social psychology, pills this research aims to probe possible psychological basis for the value of Xin and discuss it from two aspects extracted from the Analects, i.e. being trustworthy and being able to trust. However, among Confucian ethics, the significance of the value of Xin is somehow underestimated, especially the willingness and ability to trust others. The discussion of Confucian ethical value of Xin focuses on the fusion and fission processes of turning the value of Xin into moral trait and behaviour, and extends into the development of moral personality. The fusion process of incorporating credibility into self and the fission process of transmitting trust into otherness reflect the importance of social interaction and learning experience in forming moral personality, as Confucius used to emphasized in his teaching. The driving force of these processes and the connection between ethical values and moral personality is the courage to be trusting, as well as trusty. A moral personality characterized by the courage to trust echoes the courage to connect self to others, which is enhanced by the effectively formed and activated schema of trust. Bringing Confucian ethics in the light of personality psychology, this multidisciplinary study may provide a new perspective to examine moral behaviour by unveiling the psychological link between ethical values and moral personality, which is the courage to be connected to others, i.e. the courage to trust.
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Kang, Lei, Ying Qiu, Tie Zheng, and Anne Rubienska. "Courage to Trust–Discussion of Moral Personality Built on the Confucian Ethics." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746//eip.2015.2.2.
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The value of Xin can find its origin in the Analects and other works by Confucius. Taking the perspectives from ethics and social psychology, pills this research aims to probe possible psychological basis for the value of Xin and discuss it from two aspects extracted from the Analects, i.e. being trustworthy and being able to trust. However, among Confucian ethics, the significance of the value of Xin is somehow underestimated, especially the willingness and ability to trust others. The discussion of Confucian ethical value of Xin focuses on the fusion and fission processes of turning the value of Xin into moral trait and behaviour, and extends into the development of moral personality. The fusion process of incorporating credibility into self and the fission process of transmitting trust into otherness reflect the importance of social interaction and learning experience in forming moral personality, as Confucius used to emphasized in his teaching. The driving force of these processes and the connection between ethical values and moral personality is the courage to be trusting, as well as trusty. A moral personality characterized by the courage to trust echoes the courage to connect self to others, which is enhanced by the effectively formed and activated schema of trust. Bringing Confucian ethics in the light of personality psychology, this multidisciplinary study may provide a new perspective to examine moral behaviour by unveiling the psychological link between ethical values and moral personality, which is the courage to be connected to others, i.e. the courage to trust.
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Midgen, Tara. "(Un)Ethical leadership: What can Educational Psychology Services learn?" Educational and Child Psychology 32, no. 4 (December 2015): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2015.32.4.81.
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Aims:This paper reviews published literature on ethical and unethical leadership and makes some comparisons with ethical codes of conduct. It considers the relevance of the constructs of ethical and unethical leadership for educational psychology leaders, managers and practitioners working within today’s climate of traded educational psychology services. Similarities and differences between cultures and across private and public sector organisations are discussed and lessons that can be learned from the research literature are highlighted (with a particular focus on the limited research on unethical leadership).Method/Rationale:Literature searches were conducted using the key concepts ethical leadership and unethical leadership in the search engines PsychInfo and Embase. Selected studies were included for review if ethical or unethical leadership was a key concept of the research and/or aspects of unethical leadership were a topic focus for the research.Findings:The following individual and contextual factors were found to be potential contributors to ethical and unethical leadership: the moral character of leaders, the cultural values of society and organisations, the ethical interests of stakeholders both inside and outside an organisation, the ethical behaviour of the peer group, and systems for dealing with unethical conduct.Limitations:Many studies were drawn from The Leadership Quarterly and The Journal of Business Ethics. It is recognised that there are other business journals likely to include business ethics literature, which were not available to the author.Conclusions:The current context of some educational psychology services poses risks for ethical (including financial) misconduct. All educational psychologists have a responsibility to minimise these risks.
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Firdaus, Muhamad Yoga, and Wahyudin Darmalaksana. "Diskursus Humor dan Etika dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an." MAGHZA: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir 6, no. 1 (September 14, 2021): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/maghza.v6i1.4419.
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This study aims to discuss the ethics of humor from the perspective of the Al-Qur'an. This research method is qualitative through literature study with a social psychology approach. The results and discussion of this research include the discourse of humor and ethics and the ethics of humor from the perspective of the Al-Qur'an through social psychological analysis. This study concludes that the Al-Qur'an provides moral messages about the ethics of humor through motivation and positive emotions to produce good interactions and become guidelines for happiness in social life. This study recommends fostering a culture and humorous behavior by strengthening the ethical base of moral messages from religious texts, especially for Muslims.
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Rudy Haryanto, Rudy Haryanto. "ENVIRONMENTAL-BALANCED SCORECARD DAN ETIKA BISNIS ISLÂM (Suatu Sintesis Manajemen Strategi dalam Persaingan Global)." AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 6, no. 1 (August 31, 2013): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v6i1.301.
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Abstract: Business activity is an integral part of economic discourse. Islamic economy system starts from ethical awareness. For its viability, a company runs an old fashioned-management, it is a material-prosperity attainmnet oriented. However, it results a social contradiction. In Islamic ethic, a business must combine material and moral indicators emphesizing profit and expediency harmonies. Islamic business must be on the basis of natural and human resources that is moved by a motivation of dynamic devotion. Thus, it is significant to have a management strategy that are religious, morality, and humanity oriented. Furthermore, the paradigm change that company goal maintaining the financial aspect change into social and environmental aspects is certain. Key Words: Manajemen srategis, etika, perusahaan, lingkungan, dan Balanced Scorecard
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Parmeeva, V. ,. "Cultural and Ethnic Features of Tatars People’s Experiences in Extreme Situations." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 7 (June 15, 2020): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/56/39.
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In this article a theoretical analysis of the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the Tatar ethnic group was carried out. Such aspects as: peculiarities of moral and ethical foundations of interaction in culture, gender norms, traditions of child-parental relations, psychology of ethnos, features of grief are considered. Based on this analysis an assumption was made about the behavior of the Tatar ethnic group and experiences in extreme situations.
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Sunasa, Armanaria, Popi Puadah, Siti Uswatun Hasanah, Attabik Luthfi, and Hamdan Rasyid. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MOTIVASI DONOR TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENURUT NILAI-NILAI AGAMA." Journal of Islamic Education Studies 1, no. 1 (August 24, 2022): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58569/jies.v1i1.433.
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Abstract
The level of need for kidney organs which is quite high for patients with kidney failure is not balanced with the availability of kidney organs, giving rise to the law of demand and supply (buying and selling) of kidney organs. This greatly affects the motivation of prospective donors in making decisions to become donors which has an impact on the ethical, moral and legal aspects of religion which have the potential to be ignored. One of the reasons why people sell their organs is due to poverty. Motivationto become a donor is voluntary based on knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Based on the data sources and relevant research above, this research is intended to determine the extent of the influence of donor motivation and provide motivation and attitudes for prospective kidney donors (living donors) in making decisions in accordance with religious sharia. This research uses descriptive qualitative method by digging information to people who have done donor activities. The purpose of this study is to find out what factors encourage people to donate blood and how Islam views the values contained in it
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Joseph, Rachel A. "New Technology in the NICU: Challenges to Parents and Clinicians." Neonatal Network 35, no. 6 (2016): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.35.6.367.
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AbstractTechnology has revolutionized all aspects of care in the NICU—design, monitoring, diagnosis, documentation, and home care. Efforts to improve outcome in high-risk infants foster the emergence and integration of new technology in NICUs. Some of them include amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG), therapeutic hypothermia, and devices for communication and remote viewing, to name a few. As more technology is integrated into the clinical arena, parents and clinicians face technological, moral, and ethical challenges. Learning to use and interpreting technology and making it meaningful for families can increase the workload of clinicians. Enabling families to participate in care and facilitate bonding requires skill, motivation, and confidence from a compassionate care team. Judicious use of technology may offer hope and comfort to families, although it will not replace human caring.
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DOBRE, Cristian. "Psihologia de război și dilemele morale ale militarului." Gândirea Militară Românească 2022, no. 4 (December 2022): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/gmr.2022.3.17.
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"The article presents one of the most significant psychological aspects experienced by the military during their operations – ethics and morality. Thus, it dives deeper into the idea of “war psychology”, to then analyse the biggest ethical and moral dilemmas of the military during battle. Far from exhausting the subject, the article wants to draw attention to the fact that, in the end, the military is still human, and in the absence of adequate preparation for combat and adequate post-action psychological support at the end of the conflict, moral wounds can appear, which, most of the time, are as painful and devastating as the physical ones."
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Keyko, Kacey. "Work engagement in nursing practice." Nursing Ethics 21, no. 8 (April 8, 2014): 879–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014523167.
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The concept of work engagement has existed in business and psychology literature for some time. There is a significant body of research that positively correlates work engagement with organizational outcomes. To date, the interest in the work engagement of nurses has primarily been related to these organizational outcomes. However, the value of work engagement in nursing practice is not only an issue of organizational interest, but of ethical interest. The dialogue on work engagement in nursing must expand to include the ethical importance of engagement. The relational nature of work engagement and the multiple levels of influence on nurses’ work engagement make a relational ethics approach to work engagement in nursing appropriate and necessary. Within a relational ethics perspective, it is evident that work engagement enables nurses to have meaningful relationships in their work and subsequently deliver ethical care. In this article, I argue that work engagement is essential for ethical nursing practice. If engagement is essential for ethical nursing practice, the environmental and organizational factors that influence work engagement must be closely examined to pursue the creation of moral communities within healthcare environments.
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Siegal, Gil, Richard J. Bonnie, and Paul S. Appelbaum. "Personalized Disclosure by Information-on-Demand: Attending to Patients' Needs in the Informed Consent Process." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, no. 2 (2012): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2012.00669.x.
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In an explicit attempt to reduce physician paternalism and encourage patient participation in making health care decisions, the informed consent doctrine has become a foundational precept in medical ethics and health law. The underlying ethical principle on which informed consent rests — autonomy — embodies the idea that as rational moral agents, patients should be in command of decisions that relate to their bodies and lives. The corollary obligation of physicians to respect and facilitate patient autonomy is reflected in the rules that have been created to implement consent procedures, especially those requiring disclosure of relevant information.However, there are many practical impediments to patient self-determination in health care decisionmaking. Well-meaning physicians often lack the time to live up to the ideal of facilitating genuine, informed deliberation with and by their patients, and many lack the motivation or skill to do so successfully.
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Tahir, Hijaz Tahir Hijaz, Syamsu Tang, and Saifullah Saifullah. "PERANAN DAKWAH DALAM MEDIA WEBSITE DAN PENGARUHNYA DI MASYARAKAT." JIA: Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi 8, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51817/jia.v8i3.272.
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Abstract
The Western world, communication technology and mass media, have a big hand in building and establishing the moral principles of society. Internet media in particular, have a major role in introducing new norms of society. For the Islamic Ummah it is necessary to strengthen the missionary motivation which takes up so much time and attention of the majority Muslim community. Even now the technological means have been dubbed by the people of various terms for example, as a corona screen, a magic box, a window to the world and so on. The rapid introduction of new norms was made possible because the media moved with the principle of freedom of expression without preaching motivation, so that these principles were often used as a pretext for pursuing worldly interests. Unfortunately, many developing countries, including those claiming to be Muslim countries, follow this trend. As a result, Muslims around the world have been trapped in a foreign conceptual framework, which resulted in a media invasion of their value system, ethical perceptions, moral standards, sociocultural views, and even their religious beliefs. Therefore, Islam needs to set a da'wah strategy in all aspects of life through communication systems, especially electronic media that affect many people. This should not be ignored, and must be directed in accordance with Islamic perinsif which covers all aspects of life through the da'wah strategy. Technological development cannot be dammed. The role of Muslim communicators must defend the truth so that justice remains upheld. Justice cannot possibly be upheld without safeguarding the truth and this is the main task for the Islamic Ummah to carry out scientific charity including one of which is the application user in the mass media.
Keywords ; Da'wah, technology, mass media
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Krasnoyarova, Olga V. "The Dead Are Not Silent, Or Death on Facebook." Observatory of Culture, no. 2 (April 28, 2015): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-2-125-129.
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Considers the principles of producing and disseminating media content with the use of new media platforms that affect the communication environment of users in social networks. The author deals with the process of selfidentification as the main motivation of users’ activities in social networks. The selfidentity is defined as a narrative story about the user him(her)self, a constitution of their worldview, and a determination of self. The article analyses factors that influence the structure of narrative process in the social networks. Processes of selfidentification and identification are also studied in relation to the still existing Facebook accounts of people who have passed away. The article addresses moral and ethical issues arising from the existence of such accounts, attitudes of users to the accounts of deceased persons describes the ethical issues related to the psychology of perception and analyses philosophical context of attitudes towards passing away of a social networks user.
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Xiong, Qinqin, Qi Pan, Shangyao Nie, Fei Guan, Xinyu Nie, and Zhoubao Sun. "How Does Collective Moral Judgment Induce Unethical Pro-Organizational Behaviors in Infrastructure Construction Projects: The Mediating Role of Machiavellianism." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13010057.
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The sustainable development of infrastructure construction projects heavily depends on favorable cooperation of all parties and ethical code of conduct, while Un-ethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) may undermine the mutual efforts and cause serious consequences. UPB has aroused wide interest of researchers, but what may trigger construction employees to engage in UPB at team-level has not been elucidated completely. With information asymmetry and huge uncertainty, the behaviors of employees in temporary project teams are marked by environmental and personal characters. The study discusses the influences of collective moral judgement focus on self (CMJS) and Machiavellianism on UPB. Through a moderated mediation analysis conducted on a set of survey data from Chinese construction projects, the empirical results of the two-level hierarchical linear model indicate that CMJS positively impacts UPB directly, and meanwhile Machiavellianism acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between CMJS and UPB. The findings also reveal that performance-avoidance goal orientation (PAGO) and motivation to learn (MTL) moderate and strengthen the relationship between Machiavellianism and UPB. The study offers practical suggestions for both project managers and policymakers of construction projects.
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Cervantes, José-Antonio, Luis-Felipe Rodríguez, Sonia López, Félix Ramos, and Francisco Robles. "Cognitive Process of Moral Decision-Making for Autonomous Agents." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 5, no. 4 (October 2013): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2013100105.
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There are a great variety of theoretical models of cognition whose main purpose is to explain the inner workings of the human brain. Researchers from areas such as neuroscience, psychology, and physiology have proposed these models. Nevertheless, most of these models are based on empirical studies and on experiments with humans, primates, and rodents. In fields such as cognitive informatics and artificial intelligence, these cognitive models may be translated into computational implementations and incorporated into the architectures of intelligent autonomous agents (AAs). Thus, the main assumption in this work is that knowledge in those fields can be used as a design approach contributing to the development of intelligent systems capable of displaying very believable and human-like behaviors. Decision-Making (DM) is one of the most investigated and computationally implemented functions. The literature reports several computational models that enable AAs to make decisions that help achieve their personal goals and needs. However, most models disregard crucial aspects of human decision-making such as other agents' needs, ethical values, and social norms. In this paper, the authors present a set of criteria and mechanisms proposed to develop a biologically inspired computational model of Moral Decision-Making (MDM). To achieve a process of moral decision-making believable, the authors propose a cognitive function to determine the importance of each criterion based on the mood and emotional state of AAs, the main objective the model is to enable AAs to make decisions based on ethical and moral judgment.
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Marinsah, Syamsul Azizul, Habibah @. Artini Ramlie, Mohd Nur Hidayat Hasbollah Hajimin, and Irma Wani Othman. "SIGNIFICANT PHILOSOPHY AND CONTEMPORARY COURSE IN THE FORMATION OF AKHLAK AND MORALS AT UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA SABAH." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 7, no. 45 (March 15, 2022): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.745010.
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The Philosophy and Contemporary Issues (FIS) course is one of the generic courses that must be taken by students in all Malaysian HEIs starting from the 2019/2020 intake session. Accordingly, the implementation of FIS courses at the level of institutions of higher learning is very significant and relevant in the context of today's world which is increasingly acute, especially in the aspects of human morality and ethics. Due to the abandonment of this course, the aspirations of the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) in the formation of holistic human capital and personality formation of all institute of higher learning students have not been achieved. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the elements of moral and ethical formation in the study modules of FIS courses implemented at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). This study is included in a qualitative study. Thus, this study uses a document analysis design consisting of FIS modules, journals and reviews of articles related to moral and ethical formation. The findings of the study revealed that there are several elements that can contribute towards the formation of morals and ethics in the learning modules of FIS courses offered at Universiti Malaysia Sabah, namely psychology and sociology, religious philosophy and ethical philosophy.
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Gelfand, Scott D. "Using Insights from Applied Moral Psychology to Promote Ethical Behavior Among Engineering Students and Professional Engineers." Science and Engineering Ethics 22, no. 5 (November 12, 2015): 1513–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-015-9721-6.
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Et al., Phramaha Padet Chirakulo. "A Model of High Efficient Academic Administration for Phrapariyatidhamma School." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 1558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.946.
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The purposes of this research were 1) to study the state of area, high efficient academic administration of Phrapariyattidhamma school, 2) to develop and propose the high efficient academic administration of Phrapariyattidhamma school. The mixed research methods; quantitative research and quantitative research were used and research tools were interview form and questionnaires. Results indicated that 1) the status of academic administration in Phrapariyattidhamma schools, was at a high appropriate level in 5 aspects. 2) In development of high efficient academic administration, personnel consisting of administrators, teachers, staffs and student must be developed in 6 aspects: 1) The curriculum must be continuously adjusted according to community contexts. 2) A new body of knowledge must be created in teaching and learning system. 3) Media and instruments must be up-to-date and can be accessed unlimitedly. 4) Teachers and staffs must create teaching innovation and generate the knowledge to community. 5) Learning area must cover academic, career training and ways to live a life for every level of people. 6) Learning sources must support physical, mental, moral and ethical values of society. The form of high efficient academic administration consisted of 5 aspects in academic administration and 6 aspects of high efficient qualification as 5A 6Q Model.
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Shkuran, Oksana Vladimirovna. "LANGUAGE UNITS WITH SACRED SEMANTICS: LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL AND LEXICOGRAPHIC ASPECTS." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-2-336-352.
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Proverbs are precedent language units that relate to the field of speech elements. The presence of sacred components in the composition of these units, reinterpreted in according to the speech situation, indicates a high motivation of the internal form of the communicative microstructure. In our article we call them linguistic units with sacred semantics and give the definition as a complexly structured moralizing statement with holistic and generalized ideas about the positive attitude of folk culture to traditional religion. The studied proverbs have parallel components arranged in a linear sequence. An important feature for the paremiological semantics is “weak thoughts”, i.e. which are difficult to be understood without knowing the situation that they fully characterize. For proverbs, a discursive intention is important, which illustrates cognitive content with moral, and in our case, traditionally confessional function. Modern social, ideological, moral, ethical and everyday problems are correlated and commensurate with the existence of the sacred world in order to give current problems both universal and temporary features giving an assessment from the point of view of the tenets of traditional religion. The article on the diachronic socio-historical and cultural background illustrates the ethno-labeling markers grief, trouble, strength, mind as part of stable language units with sacred semantics gore - ne beda; sila yest - uma ne nado ; the main periods of common usage named components in lexicographical sources are presented and the sacralization of these meanings in russian orthodox culture is represented. However, in the process of civilizational changes, we state the profane of sacred meanings to ironic level. These proverbs - linguistics with sacred semantics - at the same time both phrase combination and aphoristic statement, and micro-text with deep linguistic and culturological content, reflecting different historical, ideological, political eras. The defiling process of the language units with sacred semantics can be explained by the open form of the proverbs themselves, involving various forms of transformations. Due to the active people abuse they develop special principles of attitude to the world, to god, to a man, use it in their native language and in many ways with the help of language that opens up opportunities for us to study new linguistic subparadigms.
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Earp, Brian D., Jonathan Lewis, Vilius Dranseika, and Ivar R. Hannikainen. "Experimental philosophical bioethics and normative inference." Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 42, no. 3-4 (August 2021): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11017-021-09546-z.
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AbstractThis paper explores an emerging sub-field of both empirical bioethics and experimental philosophy, which has been called “experimental philosophical bioethics” (bioxphi). As an empirical discipline, bioxphi adopts the methods of experimental moral psychology and cognitive science; it does so to make sense of the eliciting factors and underlying cognitive processes that shape people’s moral judgments, particularly about real-world matters of bioethical concern. Yet, as a normative discipline situated within the broader field of bioethics, it also aims to contribute to substantive ethical questions about what should be done in a given context. What are some of the ways in which this aim has been pursued? In this paper, we employ a case study approach to examine and critically evaluate four strategies from the recent literature by which scholars in bioxphi have leveraged empirical data in the service of normative arguments.
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Filipchuk, Georgii. "MEANINGS OF EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 16 (September 9, 2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2017.16.175947.
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The article highlights important issues of national state-building processes in the context of growing external information aggression, new challenges and social threats; socio-pedagogical approaches to optimization of the essence of information and communication educational policy have been grounded. It has been proved that state and civil society should pay much more attention to the formation of healthcare- saving environment, its high-quality social, moral and ethical, spiritual, ecological characteristics; it forms psychology of people and individuals on the basis of positive "I-concept". It has been determined that the values of education, intelligence, gentlehood of Ukrainian nation are distinguished in the humanistic priority and strategic task of the state. Those approaches are regularity of global and national processes, as the UN among the 17 main indicators of the world’s development has identified education as the cornerstone of progress, security, and survival of humanity. The author has come to the conclusion that the Strategy of sustainable development of the country and national security should be based on human-centered policy with the recognition of a personality as the highest social value, the active formation, preservation and optimal usage of high quality human capital, the ethical synergy of a personality and nature for the prosperity of nation and the strengthening of statehood. This paradigm should become the quintessence of the Law of Ukraine "About Education" at the level of its practical implementation. An effective means of achieving this socially important task is the bases of a continuous community-state dialogue. It has been stated that the methodology of education is spiritual and material culture of Ukrainian people and humanity. It will depend on the fact, what socio-cultural and socio-political environments the nation will be brought up in, how safe, cultural, natural, spiritual, moral and aesthetic will be the information and communication dimension for ethical living. Economics and social status of teachers, information space and lawmaking, political will and educational motivation of society not indirectly, but directly affect the quality of training and education for citizenship. Extremely strong interconnectedness of the mentioned factors with the education obliges the state and civil society to pay much more attention to the formation of healthcare-saving environment, high-quality social, moral and ethical, spiritual, ecological characteristics.
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Baiasu, Sorin. "Kant's Account of Motivation: A Sartrean Response to Some Hegelian Objections." Hegel Bulletin 31, no. 01 (2010): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200001087.
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Ethical motivation represents an important aspect of Kant's practical philosophy, one without which much of Kant's distinctive position would be lost. Not surprisingly, it is also one of those aspects of Kantianism to which Hegelian criticism directs its focus with predilection. Central to Kant's account of moral motivation is the distinction between acting merely in accordance with duty and acting from duty. When he introduces this distinction, in the Groundwork, Kant also points to the epistemic difficulties of properly drawing the distinction. A key concept here is, without any doubt, that of duty, and Kant begins with a preliminary definition: the notion of duty is a notion ‘which contains that of a good will though under certain subjective limitations and hindrances’ (G: 4: 397). What this definition tells us is that, although beings which are only governed by practical reason without any admixture of inclinations and sensuous drives, that is, purely rational beings, will also have a good will, such beings do not have duties precisely because they lack the ‘subjective limitations and hindrances’ of sensuous motivating forces, such as desires, passions, habitual responses. If a person spontaneously and necessarily acts as duty requires, then it does not make sense to talk about an obligation for this person to act as duty requires. Such a person must be a purely rational person, since only she can always and necessarily act as (practical) reason requires. By contrast, beings with limitations and hindrances, like us, act spontaneously and necessarily as natural laws require and, hence, it does not make sense to talk about our obligation or duty to observe the laws of nature.
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Papadodima, Efi. "The Rhetoric of Fear in Euripides’Phoenician Women." Antichthon 50 (November 2016): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ann.2016.4.
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AbstractIn accordance with its notoriously rich plot,Phoenician Womenexplores diverse aspects of fear that affect, and are thematised by, various parties at different stages of the plot.1Against the background of a virtually ‘irrational’ and inescapable divine necessity (treated as a source of dread in itself), Euripides presents the play’s central crisis as being largely determined by rational and controlled decision-making, within an array of moral disputes that enter the scene. The agents’ decision-making standardly comprises diverging, conflicting, or inconsistent attitudes towards fear and related emotions, such as shame (in both past and present).The rhetoric of fear thus reflects and further highlights the characters’ conflicting viewpoints, as well as Euripides’ trademark tendency to toy with his audience’s expectations and assumptions about ethical values and what is ‘right’. This article argues that his approach is substantially different from the Aeschylean treatment of the same myth (Seven against Thebes). By offering a concrete and abstract treatment of the situational anxieties over war and familial feud, Euripides’ rhetoric of fear ultimately shifts the focus to the complexities and contradictions of human motivation.
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Hrytsiv, Vitaliia. "Ensuring the professional and ethical orientation of the personality of a future specialist in banking." Scientific visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Pedagogical Sciences 65, no. 2 (2019): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2518-7813-2019-65-2-74-78.
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The article highlights theoretical aspects of the professional and ethical orientation of the personality of a future specialist in banking. The author consistently examines the key concepts of the problem under study and defines the relationship between them. On the basis of this, specification of the professional and ethical orientation of the personality of a future specialist in the industry has been disclosed. It is shown that the professional and ethical orientation of the personality of a specialist in banking is strengthening of his/her positive attitude towards the future profession, interests, inclinations and abilities to it, the desire to improve his/her qualifications, the development of ideals, views, beliefs about the importance of following the ethical norms in professional activity. The author considers the need to increase the interest of students in studying the problems of professional ethics by means of potential of the educational process. The content of educational materials, a review of literature on the topic, the emphasis on the practical significance of the material and its importance for the profession are determined as important aspects for achieving set goals. It is pointed out that the basis of professional and ethical knowledge is the knowledge acquired in the study of such disciplines as «Ethics and Aesthetics», «Ethics of business communication», «Psychology of business success». The necessity to combine the material of the Humanities with the current problems of banking and the life aspirations of students and to help them to determine their value orientations, to enrich their moral personality potential has been noted in the article. According to the author the professional interest acquired by the students should have special personal content, related to their daily life and future life prospects. In order to do this, it is important to emphasize the importance of professional and ethical knowledge in the activities of the banking industry, to reveal its entirety with the ethical content of the chosen profession at the announcement of the topic at each class.
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Hornsby, Jennifer. "Agency and Actions." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 55 (September 2004): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100008614.
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Among philosophical questions about human agency, one can distinguish in a rough and ready way between those that arise in philosophy of mind and those that arise in ethics. In philosophy of mind, one central aim has been to account for the place of agents in a world whose operations are supposedly ‘physical’. In ethics, one central aim has been to account for the connexion between ethical species of normativity and the distinctive deliberative and practical capacities of human beings. Ethics then is involved with questions of moral psychology whose answers admit a kind of richness in the life of human beings from which the philosophy of mind may ordinarily prescind. Philosophy of mind, insofar as it treats the phenomenon of agency as one facet of the phenomenon of mentality, has been more concerned with how there can be ‘mental causation’ than with any details of a story of human motivation or of the place of evaluative commitments within such a story.
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Stadler, Jane. "“Mind the Gap”." Projections 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/proj.2018.120211.
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Murray Smith’s Film, Art, and the Third Culture makes a significant contribution to cognitive film theory and philosophical aesthetics, expanding the conceptual tools of film analysis to include perspectives from neuroscience and evolutionary psychology. Smith probes assumptions about how cinema affects spectators by examining aspects of experience and neurophysiological responses that are unavailable to conscious, systematic reflection. This article interrogates Smith’s account of emotion, empathy, and imagination in cinematic representation and film spectatorship, placing his work in dialogue with other recent interventions in the fields of cinema studies and embodied cognition. Smith’s contribution to understanding the role of emotion in screen studies is vital, and when read in conjunction with recent publications by Carl Plantinga and Mark Johnson on ethical engagement and the moral imagination, this new work constitutes a notable advance in film theory.